no. %

FLORA OF PERU

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME XIII, PART IV, NUMBER 2

NOVEMBER 28, 1958

PUBLICATION 861

THE LIBRARY OF. THE

DEC 1 9 1953

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

To renew call Telephone Center, 333-840O

FLORA OF PERU

BY

ROGERS MCVAUGH

CURATOR OP VASCULAR PLANTS, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME XIII, PART IV, NUMBER 2

NOVEMBER 28, 1958

PUBLICATION 861

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 36-10426

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS

FLORA OF PERU

ROGERS MCVAUGH

MYRTACEAE. Myrtle Family

Shrubs or trees or rarely subherbaceous. Leaves simple, oppo-

site (except in some introduced genera), exstipulate, entire or rarely

crenate, punctate with resinous or pellucid glands, usually pinnately

veined. Mid vein usually elevated and prominent on the lower sur-

face. Principal lateral veins usually uniting distally into a "marginal

vein" which extends nearly the length of the blade and more or less

parallel to the margin but somewhat separated from it. Flowers

borne on axillary (or rarely terminal) branches, solitary or in spe-

cialized bracteate inflorescences with opposite branching, these mod-

ified in various ways, e.g., by elongation of the axis and reduction of

the lateral axes to one flower each ("racemes"); by suppression of

the axis and reduction of the lateral axes to one flower each (flowers

in "glomerules" or "umbelliform clusters"); by reduction of the

lateral axes to one pair, these arising just below the flower which

terminates the central axis ("dichasium") ; by potentially indefinite

elongation of both central and lateral axes, this resulting in a "pan-

icle" with proximal branches elongate and a transition from these

to short simple branches and terminal triads of flowers. Flowers

regular or essentially so, hermaphrodite or rarely by abortion uni-

sexual. Ovary inferior, the hypanthium adnate to the ovary its

whole length or prolonged beyond it so that the stamens, petals and

calyx-lobes appear to arise from the distal margin of a short tube

surrounding the summit of the ovary. Calyx-lobes usually 4 or 5,

distinct and imbricate, or the calyx calyptrate and circumscissile, or

rupturing irregularly in anthesis. Petals usually 4 or 5 (sometimes

reduced in number or size, or wanting). Stamens usually indefi-

nitely many, in one-many series about the margin of the usually

thickened calycine disk, usually inflexed in the bud. Filaments

usually filiform and distinct in Peruvian species. Anthers usually

short, versatile or basifixed, bilocular, opening (at least in Peruvian

genera) by longitudinal slits. Style simple, elongate, with small

capitate or peltate stigma. Ovary 2- to many-locular, the placentae

affixed to the axis or parietal and coalesced into a central axis, the

ovules 2 or more. Fruit fleshy or capsular. Embryo various.

569

570 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

The genera now referred to Myrtaceae were divided by DeCan-

dolle among three tribes, namely, Chamaelaucieae (with dry uni-

locular and usually indehiscent fruit), Leptospermeae (with dry

multilocular and usually dehiscent fruit), and Myrteae (with fleshy

multilocular fruit). This system was set forth in detail in the

Prodromus 3: 207-288. 1828. Essentially the same arrangement

was followed by Bentham, in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. 1: 690-

720. 1865. Niedenzu, in Engler & Prantl, Nattirl. Pflanzenfam. Ill

(7): 57-105. 1893, erected two subfamilies; the first, Myrtoideae,

comprised the one tribe Myrteae, and the second, Leptospermoi-

deae, included the two tribes Leptospermeae and Chamaelaucieae.

The subfamily Leptospermoideae is especially developed in the

Australian region and to a lesser extent elsewhere in the southwest

Pacific. The total number of species approaches 1000, including

according to some authors nearly 500 species of the vast Australian

genus Eucalyptus. The only American member of the subfamily is

the endemic Chilean species Tepualia stipularis (Barn.) Griseb. All

the native Peruvian Myrtaceae are members of the tribe Myrteae,

but several species of Eucalyptus have been introduced for shade and

for ornament, and at least one has become widespread.

Key to the Tribes (Peruvian representatives only)

Fruit dry, capsular, consisting of the capsule immersed in the hard-

ened hypanthium, the valves sometimes projecting beyond the

rim of the hypanthium; petals and calyx-lobes united into an

operculum which is dehiscent at anthesis; flowers usually in

pedunculate axillary umbels; adult leaves glabrous, lanceolate

and long-petiolate, and mostly alternate, the juvenile ones often

broad, subsessile and more or less opposite.

Tribe I. Leptospermeae

Fruit fleshy (a few- or many-seeded "berry") ; petals and calyx-lobes

free, or in a few genera united into an operculum; flowers vari-

ously arranged, never in pedunculate axillary umbels; leaves

opposite, rarely markedly long-petiolate .... Tribe II. Myrteae

Tribe I. LEPTOSPERMEAE DC.

1. EUCALYPTUS L'Her.

Glabrous trees or shrubs, the leaves alternate, leathery, usually

elongate, lanceolate and 8-12 cm. long or more, markedly petiolate

and often hanging vertically; juvenile foliage (of seedlings or shoots

FLORA OF PERU 571

from felled trees) often broad, subsessile and more or less opposite,

rarely hairy; flowers usually in pedunculate axillary umbels, some-

times forming panicles; bracts and bracteoles deciduous so early as

to be seldom seen; ovary usually 3- to 4-locular, immersed in and

surrounded by the fleshy hypanthium which hardens in fruit and is

prolonged beyond the summit of the ovary into a rim which bears

the numerous stamens; petals and calyx-lobes united into an oper-

culum which is continuous with the rim of the hypanthium in bud

and circumscissile at anthesis; stamens widely spreading in anthesis

and forming the showy part of the flower; style about as long as the

operculum; ovules and seeds numerous, but only a few in each locule

fertile.

A large and almost exclusively Australian genus at one time sup-

posed to include nearly 500 species; some recent authors have sug-

gested that the actual number is somewhat smaller. A recent account

of the Northern Australian species, by S. T. Blake in Austral. Jour.

Bot. 1: 185-352, pi. 1-36. 1953, includes 50 species in this part of the

continent; J. M. Black, in Fl. South Austral, ed. 2, 612-632. 1952,

lists 52 species.

Numerous species have been introduced into the tropical and

warm-temperate regions of America for ornament, for purposes of

reforestation, for wood and for lumber; only the following seems to

have been entirely successful.

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Voy. 1: 153, t. 13. 1799.

A large tree, said to reach a height of 75-90 meters, with pale

deciduous bark and yellowish green angled branchlets; adult leaves

alternate, lanceolate and often falcate to narrowly ovate, 2-3 (-6)

cm. wide at base, 12-25 cm. long, (3-) 5-8 times as long as wide,

attenuate from base to the slenderly pointed apex, the base often

obliquely unequal-sided, abruptly rounded to the flexuous petiole

2-4 cm. long; mid vein pale, flat or concave above, convex beneath;

leaf-margins bordered by heavy cartilaginous veins about equal to

the midvein but compressed at right angles to the plane of the leaf

and often standing somewhat above and below it; lateral veins deli-

cate and inconspicuous, joining an equally slender and nearly straight

submarginal vein just within the cartilaginous border; foliage with

numerous small dark glands on both surfaces; juvenile shoots and

leaves conspicuously whitened and waxy-glaucous, their leaves oppo-

site, sessile, ovate to oblong, cordate, abruptly short-acuminate at

tip, 4-5 cm. wide, 7-15 cm. long; flowers large, subsessile, solitary or

572 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

rarely 3 in an axil, on a massive, broadly 2-angled peduncle up to

5 mm. long; buds 1.7-2.5 cm. long, conspicuously whitened by a

heavy waxy-farinose coating; hypanthium about 1 cm. long, trun-

cate at base, strongly 4-angled, obpyramidal, irregularly and coarsely

warty-roughened especially on the angles and the thickened margin;

calyptra dome-like, roughened like the hypanthium, usually with a

broad knoblike or acute central beak; stamens 1.5 cm. long (the

flower when expanded 3-4 cm. across), borne on the inner edge of

the disk which projects about 3 mm. beyond the thickened margin

of the hypanthium; style 8-10 mm. long; fruit 2-2.5 cm. broad and

high, flat-topped or the surface convex, the 4-5 valves not exserted

but nearly plane with the surface; seeds 1-3 mm. long, very numer-

ous, prismatic, irregularly several-angled.

A native originally of Victoria, New South Wales, and Tasmania,

this species is now extensively planted and naturalized from Cali-

fornia to Argentina and Chile, especially in high semi-arid regions;

it is a valuable timber tree of rapid growth, and now forms a charac-

teristic feature of the landscape in many parts of Latin America.

According to Acosta Solis, "El eucalipto en el Ecuador," in Flora

(Quito) 15-16: 149-194. 1945, E. globulus was introduced into Ecua-

dor in 1865 and has become a valuable resource in the inter-Andine

region of that country. It has likewise become abundant in Peru,

as in Cuzco, where, according to Herrera in Contr. Fl. Depto. Cuzco,

ed. 2, 148-149. 1921, it was introduced about 1880 and subsequently

became general in all the provinces of that Department.

Amazonas: Chachapoyas, 2,700 meters, Williams 7562. — Junin:

Tarma, 3,000-3,200 meters, Killip & Smith 21870. "Eucalipto."

Another species, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Cat. PI. Hort.

Camald. ed. 2: 20. 1832 (E. rostrata Schlecht., 1847, non Cav., 1797),

has been collected near Yucay, Cuzco, by Soukup (no. 840). The

inflorescence is a 6- to 10-flowered axillary umbel, on a peduncle 1-2

(-3) cm. long, the pedicels 3-8 mm. long; buds ovoid, 5-10 mm. long,

the calyptra longer than the base (up to 3 times as long), abruptly

narrowed to a stout straight beak 1-6 mm. long; fruit nearly hemi-

spheric, 4-6 mm. high, 5-8 mm. broad, the 3-4 deltoid or narrowly

pointed valves projecting 1.5-3 mm. beyond the equator.

Tribe II. MYRTEAE DC.

Classification of the subtribes of the Myrteae has been based

principally upon characters of the mature embryo. Such a classifi-

FLORA OF PERU 573

cation appears to be in the main a natural one, but practically it

presents many difficulties. Members of this family are usually col-

lected when in flower, at a time when it is impossible to ascertain the

structure of the embryo. Flowers and fruits are rarely found on the

same plant at the same time, so that any usable system of classifi-

cation must utilize characters of flower and inflorescence in addition

to those which may be found in the mature fruit. The subtribes

accepted in the present treatment are those proposed by Berg, and

the arrangement of genera follows in the main that of his "Revisio

Myrtacearum Americae," in Linnaea 27: 1-472. 1855-56. The sub-

tribes are characterized as follows:

1. Subtribe Myrciinae Berg. Cotyledons foliaceous, contortu-

plicate. Radicle elongate.

2. Subtribe Eugeniinae Berg. Cotyledons fleshy, distinct, or

somewhat or completely fused, or conferruminate; radicle very short.

3. Subtribe Pimentinae Berg. Embryo spiral, subspiral or un-

cinate-curved. Radicle elongate; cotyledons very short.

Key to Flowering Material

Inflorescence compound, usually many-flowered (flowers often 30-

200 or more), with branches compound and opposite near the

base of the panicle, becoming irregularly ternate or solitary near

tips; calyx-lobes, if developed, usually 5; bracts and bracteoles

usually deciduous at anthesis or before.

Calyx-lobes evident in bud and in anthesis, usually with thin dis-

tal and lateral margins which are imbricate or at least con-

tiguous at base; central axis of the inflorescence well developed

and about as long as the primary lateral branches .... Myrcia

Calyx closed in bud or merely the tips of the lobes free, either cir-

cumscissile or splitting irregularly between the lobes; central

axis of the inflorescence often aborted at the node where the

lowest lateral branches emerge, and the panicle as a whole

seeming to consist of two nearly equal parts.

Calyx closed in bud, calyptrate, circumscissile; petals minute or

often wanting; malpighiaceous hairs often present and con-

spicuous; bracts mostly deciduous Calyptranthes

Calyx closed in bud or the tips of the lobes free, the buds open-

ing by irregular longitudinal splitting between the calyx-

lobes nearly or quite to the summit of the ovary; petals

574 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

small, usually present; malpighiaceous hairs usually not

apparent; bracts sometimes persistent Marlierea

Inflorescence not as above, 1- to several-flowered (flowers rarely as

many as 30), racemose, regularly dichotomous or the flowers

solitary, sub-umbellate or glomerate; calyx various, the lobes

usually 4 and distinct if the flowers are more than 7; bracteoles

often persistent.

Cymes lateral on old wood, thrice dichotomous, 2-3 cm. long, with

persistent paired bracts and a central sessile flower in each

fork; calyx-lobes 4; flowers red; stamens 4-8, 1.5-2 cm. long.

Myrrhinium

Inflorescence racemose or dichasially branched, or the flowers

glomerate or solitary; cymes, if occasionally twice or thrice

dichotomous, irregularly branched and in leaf-axils near the

tips of twigs; flowers mostly white or cream-color, rarely pink

or red; stamens usually shorter and far more numerous.

Calyx closed or essentially so in the bud, opening at anthesis by

irregular longitudinal slits.

Flowers about 4, nearly sessile, glomerate (in a much abbrevi-

ated raceme), the clusters appearing involucrate because

of the relatively large persistent bracts; calyx-lobes 4;

ovary bilocular, the locules 2-ovulate Plinia

Flowers 1, or 3-7 in a dichasium, pedicellate or the dichasia

pedunculate, not involucrate; calyx-segments usually 5;

ovary 2- to 7-locular, the locules many-ovulate . . Psidium

Calyx-lobes normally developed even in the bud, the calyx at

anthesis not or scarcely splitting beyond the bases of the

lobes.

Calyx-lobes 5.

Small or prostrate shrubs or subshrubs with coriaceous vac-

cinioid leaves 1-2 cm. long or less; flowers solitary;

bracteoles foliaceous and persistent; Andean paramos.

Anthers sagittate, the connective dilated Ugni

Anthers oblong or subrotund, not sagittate, the filaments

filiform Myrteola

Shrubs or trees with larger leaves; flowers solitary or in

small dichasia; bracteoles deciduous; middle and low

elevations.

FLORA OF PERU 575

Leaves coriaceous, subsessile, suborbicular, 1.5-7.5 cm.

long and wide; dichasium stout, 3- to 7-flowered;

Lima, on Pacific slopes .... Myrcianthes. quinqueloba

Leaves membranaceous or chartaceous, petiolate or elon-

gate or both, 1.5-3.5 times as long as wide; flowers

solitary or in slender 3 (-7) -flowered dichasia; culti-

vated and escaped, otherwise mostly Amazonian

lowland.

Flowers usually 4, in two decussate pairs at the lowest

nodes of an axillary branch; calyx-lobes broadly

rounded, 3-6 mm. long, spreading after anthesis;

mature petioles 10-15 mm. long; 3-4 lowest pairs

of veins in the leaf closely grouped, the succeeding

ones increasingly distant Campomanesia

Flowers 1-7 in an axil; calyx-lobes, if developed, 3 mm.

long or less (in one species with narrow terminal

appendages 6-14 mm. long); mature petioles 10

mm. long or usually less; veins of leaf uniformly

spaced, the lower ones not markedly aggregated.

Psidium

Calyx-lobes 4.

Stamens 25-50, the filaments 15-22 mm. long, red; style

15-22 mm. long, about three times as long as the

petals; plants heavily villose or tomentose Acca

Stamens much more numerous, or much shorter, or white;

style rarely more than 15 mm. long (usually much

less), usually less than twice as long as the petals;

plants various.

Inflorescence a raceme, the flowers in opposite decussate

bracteate pairs; central axis of raceme abortive at

tip (the terminal flower wanting) and the axis often

so much abbreviated that the flowers appear glom-

erate or umbellate.

Calyx-tube much prolonged above the ovary, circum-

scissile at base after anthesis; flowers usually 4,

small (buds in our species 5 mm. long or less) and

nearly sessile, with conspicuous paired persistent

involucre-like bracteoles; ovules 2 or 4 in each

locule Myrciaria

576 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calyx-tube little or not at all prolonged, not circum-

scissile, persistent with the lobes in flower and

fruit; inflorescence various; ovules 2 or many.

Flowers glomerate (in clusters of about 4-6), mostly

pubescent, medium-sized (buds in ours 5-12

mm. long), the clusters appearing involucrate

because of the relatively large persistent bracts;

calyx in the bud very shortly 4-lobed at sum-

mit, and later splitting irregularly; ovules 2.

Plinia

Flowers glomerate to racemose, not involucrate;

calyx-lobes free their whole length, or loosely

coherent at base; ovules mostly numerous.

Eugenia

Flowers solitary or in simple or compound dichasia, the

primary axis of the inflorescence if once-forked with

a sessile or nearly sessile flower in the fork.

Small or prostrate shrubs or subshrubs with coriaceous

vaccinioid leaves 1 cm. long or less; flower soli-

tary; bracteoles foliaceous, persistent; paramos in

the Andes Myrteola

Shrubs or trees with larger leaves; flowers various;

middle and low elevations.

Flowers 3-7, in a dichasium; calyx-lobes 1.5 mm.

long, ciliate, deciduous at anthesis with the

bracts and bracteoles; southern Ecuador.

Blepharocalyx salicifolius

Inflorescence various; calyx-lobes not ciliate and

deciduous.

[Stigma peltate?; placentation parietal, the pla-

centae introrse, bilamellate?] ; flowers 1 or 3,

large, long-pedunculate, the calyx-lobes 7-9

mm. long; Amazonian lowlands. .Psidium sp.

Stigma small and simple, hardly broader than the

style; placentae simple, axillary; flowers and

inflorescence various.

Flowers, if more than one, in simple or com-

pound dichasia; if solitary only, then oc-

curring in many or most of the mature leaf-

axils, not confined to the basal nodes of a

new branch Myrcianthes

FLORA OF PERU 577

Flowers, if more than one, in elongate or

much abbreviated racemes; if solitary only,

then mostly confined to the 1-2 lowest

nodes of a new branch, and often in the

axils of much reduced bracts Eugenia

Key to Fruiting Material

Cotyledons foliaceous, contortuplicate; radicle elongate; testa mostly

membranaceous, fragile; calyx-lobes, if present, usually 5; in-

florescence compound, usually many-flowered, with branches

opposite near base and irregularly ternate or solitary near tips;

bracts and bracteoles rarely present (i.e., deciduous about the

time of anthesis).

Calyx-lobes normally developed and present on the fruit, their

basal margins contiguous; central axis of the inflorescence

well developed and about as long as the primary lateral

branches Myrcia

Calyx wanting (the tip of the fruit umbilicate) or represented by

a shrunken calyptra attached at one side, or the calyx longi-

tudinally ruptured below the base of the lobes and the latter

irregularly margined proximally in fruit; central axis of the

inflorescence often aborted at the node where the lowest lat-

eral branches emerge.

Calyx closed in bud, calyptrate, circumscissile, the calyptra

sometimes persistent in fruit or, if deciduous, the fruit um-

bilicate; [malpighiaceous hairs often present and conspic-

uous; bracts mostly deciduous] Calyptranthes

Calyx closed in bud or the tips of the lobes free; lobes at ma-

turity separated by irregular longitudinal ruptures extend-

ing nearly or quite to the summit of the ovary; fruit

crowned by the unevenly margined (usually 5) often re-

flexed lobes, or these irregularly deciduous; [malpighiaceous

hairs usually not apparent; bracts of the inflorescence often

persistent on the branches after the flowers fall] . . Marlierea

Cotyledons not as above, but small and fleshy, or large and plano-

convex, or the embryo undivided; inflorescence 1- to several-

flowered (flowers rarely more than 30), not branched as above;

calyx-lobes usually 4 and distinct if the flowers are more than 7;

bracteoles often persistent.

578 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Cymes lateral on old wood, thrice dichotomous, 2-3 cm. long, with

persistent paired bracts and a central sessile flower in each

fork; calyx-lobes 4; embryo arcuate, the cotyledons hardly

distinct, the testa hard, bony Myrrhinium

Inflorescence racemose or apparently the flowers glomerate, or

dichasially branched, or the flowers solitary; cymes, if occa-

sionally twice or thrice dichotomous, terminal and irregular.

Inflorescence a raceme, the flowers in opposite decussate brac-

teate pairs; central axis of raceme abortive at tip (the

terminal flower wanting) and the axis itself often so much

abbreviated that the flowers appear glomerate or umbel-

late in the axils; calyx-lobes usually 4.

Seeds small, numerous, with curved embryo, long radicle and

short cotyledons of Subtribe Pimentinae Acca

Seeds few, one or two filling the entire fruit; embryo undi-

vided or the cotyledons large, free, plano-convex.

Cotyledons free, plano-convex; flowers glomerate, mostly

pubescent, the clusters appearing involucrate because

of the relatively large persistent bracts; calyx splitting

irregularly longitudinally, the lobes persistent . . Plinia

Embryo undivided or the cotyledons partly separated;

flowers, if glomerate, not involucrate; calyx various,

if closed in bud then not splitting irregularly.

Calyx-tube prolonged above the ovary, circumscissile at

base after anthesis and leaving a circular scar on the

fruit; flowers small and nearly sessile, usually 4.

Myrciaria

Calyx-tube not circumscissile, scarcely or not at all pro-

longed, the lobes persistent; flowers glomerate or in

racemes Eugenia

Flowers solitary or in simple or compound dichasia, the primary

axis of the inflorescence if once-forked with a sessile or

nearly sessile flower in the fork; calyx-lobes 4 or 5, or the

calyx irregularly longitudinally dehiscent.

Seeds one or two; embryo undivided or the cotyledons plano-

convex and distinct, longer than the radicle; testa thin;

calyx-lobes 4, usually distinct and persistent.

Embryo undivided; flowers solitary, or racemose in some

axils Eugenia

FLORA OF PERU 579

Cotyledons fleshy, distinct, plano-convex; flowers in dicha-

sia, or partly or all solitary Myrcianthes

Seeds several or many; embryo arcuate, uncinate or spiral,

with long radicle, very short cotyledons and usually bony

testa; calyx-lobes 4 or 5, or the calyx splitting irregularly.

Calyx-lobes 5, subequal, spreading; flowers solitary at leafy

or leafless nodes.

Shrubs with stiff vaccinioid leaves mostly 2 cm. long or

less; flowers borne at leafy nodes; bracteoles folia-

ceous, persistent; fruit 1 cm. in diameter or less;

seeds with arcuate embryo and bony testa.

Leaves less than 1 cm. long, narrowly sagittate with

inrolled margins and then apparently 1.5 mm.

wide; peduncle 4-5 mm. long; filaments filiform,

the anthers not sagittate Myrteola acerosa

Leaves 1-2 cm. long, elliptic, 3-8 mm. wide; peduncle

9-12 mm. long; filaments dilated and flattened,

the anthers sagittate Ugni

Tree with thin leaves often 10 cm. long or more; flowers

often at leafless nodes; bracteoles deciduous at an-

thesis; fruit 4-5 cm. in diameter; seeds with spirally

involute embryo, tough membranaceous and gland-

ular-verrucose testa Campomanesia

Calyx splitting irregularly from summit to base or the lobes

4 and distinct (if the lobes 5, the flowers 3-7 or the

embryo merely curved or the testa bony).

Calyx-lobes 4 and distinct (if, rarely, 5, the leaves 2 cm.

long or less and the bracteoles foliaceous and per-

sistent) .

Fruit about 5 mm. long and wide; flowers solitary;

small or prostrate shrubs or subshrubs with coria-

ceous vaccinioid leaves 1 cm. long or less . Myrteola

Fruit (when known) larger; upright shrubs or trees

with larger leaves.

Leaves membranaceous, glabrous; flowers 3 to 7, in

a dichasium; calyx-lobes 1.5 mm. long, ciliate

and deciduous with the bracts and bracteoles

at an thesis; Ecuador Blepharocalyx

Leaves coriaceous, heavily pubescent to tomentose;

flowers solitary or in 3's or short axillary ra-

580 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

cemes; calyx-lobes 2.5-9 mm. long, persistent;

fruit ellipsoid, 8-15 mm. long Acca

Calyx splitting irregularly or with 5 lobes Psidium

Subtribe MYRCIINAE Berg

Trees or shrubs, with the inflorescence in Peruvian species cy-

mose-paniculate, the peduncles rarely few-flowered. Calyx-lobes if

distinct usually 5. Cotyledons foliaceous, contortuplicate, the rad-

icle elongate. Ovary 2-3 (rarely -4) -locular, the ovules 2 in each

locule, collateral, affixed to the central axis.

1. MARLIEREA Camb.

Reference: Berg, Linnaea 27: 12-18. 1855; and in Mart. Fl. Bras.

14, pt. 1:31-38. 1857.

Calyx closed in the bud (or the tips of the lobes free), splitting

irregularly in anthesis into 5 (-4) longitudinal lobes which are de-

ciduous from, or subpersistent on, the fruit. Petals 5 (-4), small and

inconspicuous, or none. Inflorescence-axis usually abortive above

the first node, and the panicles consequently appearing paired.

Bracts of the inflorescence sometimes persistent through anthesis.

A genus of more than 60 described species, mostly confined to

tropical South America east of the Andes. The distinction between

Myrcia and Marlierea is not a clear one, and it is probable that the

latter represents a phylogenetically diverse group of species which

have been somewhat arbitrarily assigned to the genus because of the

irregularly splitting calyx.

Branchlets prominently 2-winged, the wings 0.5-3 mm. high, extend-

ing from just between the axillary buds at a node to the keeled

or angled base of the petiole at the node above; mid vein im-

pressed above; buds glabrous, turbinate, 2 mm. long, nearly

closed; calyx-lobes in fruit 4, persistent, 1.3 mm. long and wide,

somewhat separated at base M. bipennis

Branchlets terete or compressed, not winged; midvein, buds and

calyx various.

Midvein flat or convex on the upper surface of the leaf, up to

1-1.5 mm. broad at base, if sulcate this at base of blade only.

Inflorescence, including the hypanthium, strongly velutinous or

at least with numerous loosely ascending reddish or reddish-

yellow silky hairs up to 1 mm. long.

FLORA OF PERU 581

Inflorescence strongly velutinous; flowers large, the buds

7 mm. long; calyx- tips free; leaves acute or acuminate,

13-18 cm. long M. velutina

Inflorescence loosely silky-hairy; flowers small, the buds 2.5

mm. long, closed, apiculate; leaves caudate-acuminate,

4.5-7 cm. long M. caudata

Inflorescence glabrous or essentially so; at least the tips of the

calyx-lobes evident in the bud.

Leaves 9-14 cm. long, 2-3.5 times as long as wide; lateral

veins 12-15 pairs, the transverse veins obscurely retic-

ulate; leaves finely and obscurely dark dotted; calyx-

lobes in bud minute, ciliate M. scytophylla

Leaves 7.5 cm. long or less, 1.7-2.2 times as long as wide;

lateral veins 6-8, the transverse veins prominently and

coarsely reticulate; leaves with 1-3 large translucent dots

per square mm.; calyx-lobes in bud distinct, the inner

broadly scarious-margined, 2.5 mm. wide. . . . M. areolata

Midvein sharply and narrowly impressed on the upper surface, or

in one species broad but concave or broadly sulcate.

Inflorescence, including buds, with numerous ascending lustrous

yellowish-white hairs up to 1 mm. long; buds 4-5 mm. long,

mostly concealed by the hairs; midvein concave or sulcate;

receptacle tomentose within M. spruceana

Inflorescence pubescent, often sparsely so, with short, pale or

reddish hairs 0.5 mm. long or less; buds glabrous or essen-

tially so, 1.5-3.5 mm. long; midvein sharply and narrowly

impressed; receptacle glabrous within.

Leaves cordate-auriculate, nearly sessile, the petioles 3-4 mm.

long; inflorescence finely hispidulous with minute stiff

erect hairs; buds closed with a prominent narrow apic-

ulum; staminal ring short-hairy M. subulata

Leaves acute to cuneate or somewhat rounded at base, on

petioles 4-10 mm. long; inflorescence pubescent with ap-

pressed or ascending hairs; buds closed or the calyx-lobes

distinct; staminal ring glabrous.

Petioles transversely rimose, the reddish-brown or whitish

outer papery layers separating but persistent; calyx in

bud with 4 very small deltoid separate tips; lower

branches of the panicle straight and much elon-

582 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

gated, spikelike with numerous sessile flowers and

short squarrose bracts M. umbraticola

Petioles smooth and with unbroken surface, usually dark;

buds closed or with distinct calyx-lobes; inflorescence

various.

Inflorescence thinly pubescent with pale hairs; bracts

and bracteoles deciduous before an thesis; lateral

veins of the leaves not impressed above; buds 3-

3.5 mm. long, closed at apex M. imperfecta

Inflorescence pubescent with lustrous rufous hairs; bracts

and bracteoles persistent, squarrose; lateral veins

impressed above; buds 1.5-2 mm. long with 5 dis-

tinct calyx-lobes M. squarrosa

Marlierea areolata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 175. 1956.

A shrub or tree, glabrous except the vegetative buds thinly stri-

gose, the inflorescence with a few appressed hairs near base, the

calyx-segments strigose on both surfaces near tips; leaves broadly

elliptic, (2-) 3-4.5 cm. wide, (4.5-) 6-7.5 cm. long, mostly 1.7-2.2

times as long as wide, bluntly acuminate, rounded or acute at base,

the margins decurrent on the petiole 1 mm. thick, 6-7 mm. long;

midvein plane or convex above (the whole somewhat impressed),

prominent beneath; lateral veins 6-8 pairs, somewhat elevated

above, prominent beneath, the small transverse veins prominently

reticulate and forming irregularly angular areoles on the order of

1 mm. across; marginal vein scarcely distinct, 2-4 mm. from margin,

formed of the looped and somewhat diminished tips of the laterals,

with a second, smaller and irregular submarginal vein, and numer-

ous areoles beyond it; blades lustrous on both sides, darker and

smoother above, the veins more prominent beneath; leaves with

large translucent glandular dots, these 1-3 per square mm., con-

spicuous on both surfaces or obscure in mature leaves; inflorescence

a many-flowered broad panicle, 5-7 cm. long and wide, probably

always axillary but often appearing terminal, 3 times compound,

usually branching 5 mm. from base or less, the axis terete or com-

pressed, 1.5-3 mm. thick; flowers mostly solitary or in 3's on very

short lateral branchlets from the secondary branches; bracts and

bracteoles deciduous before anthesis; buds 3 mm. long and almost

as wide, gland-dotted, darkening in drying, the body subglobose,

the hypanthium narrowed at base into an ill-defined pseudostalk

0.5 mm. long; calyx-lobes 4, in bud distinct, strongly imbricated,

FLORA OF PERU 583

the outer pair rounded or bluntly triangular, 1.5 mm. long, 2 mm.

wide, somewhat inclosing the much larger inner pair, which are

broadly scarious-margined and irregularly erose, truncate at apex,

about 1.7 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide; calyx at anthesis explanate, the

disk becoming shallowly bowl-shaped, 2.5 mm. wide, the calyx split-

ting slightly between the lobes or the inner lobes tearing free at base;

style about 4 mm. long; stamens 75-100, about as long as the style,

the anthers about 0.4 mm. long; petals 4, unequal, the larger broad

and short, 2.5 mm. wide. — A distinctive species of uncertain generic

position, suggesting its affinity to Myrcia (Aulomyrcia) in the large

and distinct calyx-lobes, and the deciduous bracts and bracteoles.

It is better referred to Marlierea because of the tendency of the re-

ceptacular disk to flatten after anthesis, and the accompanying dis-

tortion and splitting of the calyx, which even though slight is unlike

any species of Aulomyrcia known to me. As a minor character may

be mentioned the terminal or falsely terminal inflorescence in this

species; this character recurs often throughout the genera Calyp-

tranthes and Marlierea, whereas in Myrcia the panicles are more often

from the lower axils. F. M. Neg. 23474.

Loreto: Stromgebiet des Ucayali von 10° S. bis zur Miindung,

G. Tessmann 3264, anno 1923 (G, type).

Marlierea bipennis (Berg) McVaugh, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card.

10: 79. 1958. Myrciaria bipennis Berg, Linnaea 31: 259. 71862.

Myrcia bipennis (Berg) McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 189. 1956.

A shrub or small tree to at least 2.5-3 meters high, with promi-

nently 2-winged branchlets, the wings 0.5-3 mm. high, running from

just above each axil and between the leaf-bases to the base of the

petiole of the next node; plants nearly glabrous, closely strigose on

the vegetative buds (densely) and the inflorescence and youngest

shoots (thinly) with appressed lustrous rufous, narrowly fusiform,

sessile and partly dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; scattered

pale appressed fusiform hairs persistent on the lower leaf-surface;

leaves elliptic to lanceolate or ovate, 3-5 cm. wide, 7-15 cm. long,

(2-) 2.5-3.5 times as long as wide, narrowed from the middle or

below to the shortly and often obscurely acuminate or merely acute

tip, the base rounded or acute, the margins cuneately decurrent on

the petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 3-4 mm. long; midvein impressed above,

prominent beneath, keeled near base and the keel passing gradually

into the wing of the branchlet; lateral veins very slender, close and

parallel, about 20-25 pairs, somewhat larger than the nearly equal

intermediate veins, all obscure and seen as fine lines on both surfaces;

584 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

marginal vein about equaling the laterals, nearly straight, 1 (-2) mm.

from margin; blades dull olive green, very smooth but impressed -

puncticulate above, markedly paler and finely dark-dotted beneath;

inflorescence axillary, very short and slender, the axis less than 1 mm.

long, apparently abortive, the flowering branches paired (from the

lowest nodes) or with an additional pair from the next and approxi-

mate node, each branch up to 3 cm. long; rachis half as long as the

branch or more, 1 mm. thick or less, gland-dotted, terete or nearly so;

flowers 5-9, solitary or in 3's at the tips of the short branches up to

5 mm. long; bracteoles linear, 0.6 mm. long, deciduous before anthe-

sis; buds (immature) narrowly obconic, 2 mm. long; flowers not seen;

hypanthium (in fruit) 2.5 mm. across, glabrous within, with well-

marked rim and depressed center with straight sides; stamens prob-

ably 75-100; calyx-lobes (in fruit) rounded, scarcely separated at

base, about 1.3 mm. long and wide; fruit globose, 8-10 mm. in diam-

eter, dark purple or black, very finely verruculose. — U. of Mich.

Neg. 482.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil (Rio Negro) and Venezuela

(Rio Casiquiare). This is the type-species of Sect. Myrciopsis

McVaugh, a well-marked subgeneric taxon which is here referred

to Marlierea rather than to Myrcia because of the nearly closed

buds which split longitudinally between the calyx-lobes at an-

thesis; the presence of dibrachiate hairs; the tendency of the in-

florescence to abort at the lowest node with the production of

paired lateral panicles. The fruiting calyx is strongly suggestive of

species of Myrcia. The species is readily recognized by the charac-

teristic winged branchlets.

Marlierea caudata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 176. 1956.

A tree to 7 meters high, the compressed branchlets, vegetative

buds, and inflorescence shaggy with numerous loosely ascending red-

dish or reddish-yellow silky hairs up to 1 mm. long on the buds and

hypanthium; hairs on branchlets often intermixed with many short

erect reddish hairs; mature leaves with a few hairs beneath, ovate or

elliptic, 1.7-2.5 cm. wide, 4.5-7 cm. long, 2-3 times as long (includ-

ing the acumen) as wide, about equally narrowed to both ends, the

apex then prolonged into a prominent narrow acumen 3 mm. wide

at base, 1-2 cm. long, the base acute to rounded, the margins de-

current on the stout petiole 1 mm. thick, 2-4 mm. long; mid vein

smooth and convex above, prominent but nearly flat beneath; lat-

eral veins 12-15 pairs with numerous intermediate ones, all very

slender, obscure on both surfaces; marginal vein about equaling the

FLORA OF PERU 585

laterals, less than 1 mm. from margin; both surfaces dull, obscurely

and sparingly gland-dotted, the upper surface darker, and somewhat

impressed-puncticulate at least when young; inflorescence axillary

or terminal, the axis either abortive and 1-2 mm. long or elongate

and leafy, the 1-4 flowering branches 3-5 cm. long, the slender axis

somewhat compressed, about 1 mm. wide below the first node;

flowers few, sessile, the flowering nodes 1 or 2 below the terminal

triad, the flowers 1 or 3 on each short lateral branch; bracteoles

linear, glabrous on the backs, 1.5 mm. long, appressed to the bud,

deciduous after anthesis; buds about 2.5 mm. long, prominently and

abruptly apiculate, obconic with long hirsute narrow base, glabrous

on the hemispheric distal half, opening to the level of the stamens

or a little below in 4 irregularly oblong lobes; hypanthium deeply

cup-shaped, glabrous within, sparingly hairy among the bases of the

stamens; style glabrous, 4.5 mm. long; stamens about 100, white,

the longest 4-5 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm. long; petals small,

obovate, white, about 0.7 mm. wide, 1.3 mm. long; fruit subglobose,

8-11 mm. in diameter; seeds reniform, 7-9 mm. long.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, alt. 100 meters, forest, G. Klug

235, Oct.-Nov., 1929 (F, type); forest between [lower] Rio Nanay

and Rio Napo, June 6, 1929, L. Williams 718.

Marlierea imperfecta McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 176. 1956.

Tree 6 meters high, the inflorescence thinly pubescent with pale

or reddish-based appressed or ascending hairs 0.2 mm. long, or longer

on the vegetative buds; leaves elliptic, 4.5-7 cm. wide and 12 cm.

long, or up to 9.5 cm. wide, 25 cm. long, about 2.5 times as long as

wide, acuminate (often narrowly so), rounded to acute at base, the

margins decurrent on the dark channeled petiole 1.5-3 mm. thick,

5-8 mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral

veins 10-15 pairs and some intermediate ones, somewhat raised on

both sides, more prominent (as also the reticulum formed by the

small transverse veins) beneath; marginal vein about equaling the

laterals and arched between them, 2-5 mm. from margin, with a

faint submarginal vein beyond it; blade dark, smooth and obscurely

impressed-puncticulate above, the lower surface dull, coppery brown,

finely dark-dotted; inflorescence falsely terminal, the several branches

apparently arising from the lowest nodes of an abortive terminal

axis, each branch forming a broad panicle 8-14 cm. long and almost

as broad, 3 times compound, the peduncle 2.5-4 cm. long, flattened,

1.5-2 mm. wide below the first node; branches about 5 pairs, mostly

opposite; flowers sessile or nearly so, solitary or in 3's near the tips

586 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

of the branches; bracts not seen, apparently deciduous before an-

thesis; buds 3-3.5 mm. long, glabrous except a small apical tuft,

obovate, closed and rounded or scarcely apiculate at tip, the base

rather broadly obconic; calyx rupturing at anthesis and splitting

into 4 irregular lobes about 1.5 mm. long and up to 2.5 mm. wide;

disk glabrous, concave, about 3 mm. across; style 4-4.5 mm. long;

stamens about 100, about equaling the style; petals 3-4, suborbic-

ular, ciliate, often very broad at base but the attachment narrow,

about 2.5 mm. long and broad.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, alt. 100 meters, forest, Jan.

1930, G. King 787 (US, type).

Marlierea scytophylla Diels, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48:

187. 1907.

A shrub or tree up to 8 meters high, glabrous except that the

vegetative buds are finely strigose, the divisions of the calyx are cili-

ate and strigose within, and a few hairs sometimes persist about the

base of the inflorescence; leaves elliptic, 3-5.5 cm. wide, 9-14 cm.

long, 2-3.5 times as long as wide, the tips acuminate, the base cune-

ate, acute, or somewhat rounded above the very base where the

margins are cuneately decurrent on the stout petiole 1.5 mm. thick,

5-10 mm. long; midvein convex above, 1-1.5 mm. wide at base,

prominent beneath; lateral veins 12-15 pairs with some interme-

diate ones nearly the same size, inconspicuous above, slightly ele-

vated beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched

between them, 1.5-2.5 mm. from the margin; blades smooth and

rather dull green above, with numerous but often obscure glandular

dots, the lower surface yellow-green, finely and sparingly dark-dot-

ted; inflorescence a many-flowered axillary or falsely terminal pan-

icle 5-8 cm. long, mostly twice-compound, the central axis longer

than the lateral branches, or abortive and the lateral panicles paired;

flowers mostly sessile along the spikelike branches, the longest of

which are 3 cm. long and about 10-flowered; bracts broad-based,

acute, 1-2.5 mm. long, at least in part persistent through anthesis

and evident along the spikes as abortive flowers fall; buds 2-2.5 mm.

long, obconic, open at the apex, the lobes small and ciliate; calyx

opening by four irregular splits; disk glabrous, about 2.3 mm. wide;

style 5-5.5 mm. long; stamens probably 75-100, 5 mm. long (Diels) ;

fruit globose to oblate, finely glandular- verruculose, 1-1.5 cm. in

diameter. — A little-known species of the Amazon Basin, readily dis-

tinguished even in fruit from similar species of Calyptranthes by the

convex rather than impressed midvein.

FLORA OF PERU 587

An imperfect specimen with immature fruit, which was col-

lected on the Rio Nanay, Loreto (Williams 767), appears to be a

Marlierea and may be the present species, but the leaves tend toward

ovate rather than elliptic and the inflorescence is somewhat strigose.

F. M. Neg. 23411. According to Diels' original description of M.

scytophylla the leaves are deeply sulcate above, but, as plainly shown

in the photograph, the midveins are convex rather than impressed

in Ule's no. 6044, the type specimen.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil and Venezuela.

Marlierea spruceana Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 34.

1857. M. spruceana a latifolia Berg, I.e. 515. 1859. M. spruceana

/3 angustifolia Berg, I.e.

A tree up to 9 meters high, strigose on the branchlets, inflores-

cence and the lower surfaces of at least the young leaves with lus-

trous yellowish-white hairs, these up to 1 mm. long (on the buds) or

often shorter, those on the leaves short, often with a few dibrachiate

hairs, up to 0.5 mm. long, interspersed; leaves ovate-elliptic, often

broadest a little below the middle, 6-7 cm. wide, 15-18 cm. long (or

those subtending the inflorescence smaller, 2.5-4 cm. wide, 8-13 cm.

long), 2-3 times as long as wide, gradually narrowed to an acuminate

tip, rounded or subcuneate at base, the margins decurrent on the

very stout petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 6-12 mm. long; midvein on the

upper surface concave, sulcate at least near the base, prominent

beneath; lateral veins 15-20 pairs, slender, slightly raised on both

surfaces; marginal veins about equaling the laterals, slightly arched

between them, 1.5-3 mm. from margin and often with a weak sec-

ondary marginal vein; leaves sometimes blackening above in drying,

both surfaces dull, the glands obscure, somewhat apparent above;

inflorescence terminal, forming a broad panicle with up to 200 flow-

ers, 10-12 cm. long, 4 to 5 times compound, or the central axis

abortive and the lower branches 5-8 cm. long; principal branches

usually with 3-4 nodes, the peduncle 2-4 cm. long below the lowest

node, compressed and 2-2.5 mm. wide below that node; flowers ses-

sile, mostly in terminal clusters of 3; bracts and bracteoles ovate,

acute, 1-3 mm. long, deciduous before anthesis; buds closed, obo-

void, 4-5 mm. long, with some dark glands partly concealed among

the hairs, opening irregularly into about 4 lobes which are glabrous

on the inner surface; style glabrous, 7 mm. long; stamens 100-125,

about 5 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm. long; petals 4, ovate, trun-

cate at base, ciliate, 3 mm. wide, 4 mm. long; disk 5 mm. across in

anthesis, the hypanthium deeply concave, tomentose within; fruit

588 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

globose, 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, tomentose. — Probably conspecific is

M. uaupensis Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 516. 1859, of Co-

lombia, which has the leaves broader (the terminal 6 cm. wide, 12.5

cm. long), short-petiolate and subcordate, the buds broadly ovoid,

and the pubescence of longer and whiter hairs. F. M. Neg. 19879.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug H.11. Amazonian Brazil and Colombia.

Marlierea squarrosa McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 177. 1956.

A shrub 2 meters high, densely pubescent on vegetative buds and

sparingly on young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescence, with ap-

pressed or ascending flexuous lustrous rufous hairs up to 0.5 mm.

long; leaves broadly elliptic or somewhat ovate, 3.5-6 cm. wide, 9-

13 cm. long, about 2.5 times as long as wide, rather abruptly nar-

rowed to a slenderly acuminate tip, rounded at base, the margins

decurrent on the petiole 1 mm. thick, 5-7 mm. long; mid vein and

10-15 pairs of lateral veins impressed above, prominent and raised

beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched be-

tween them, not impressed above, 2-3 mm. from margin; small veins

not elevated nor prominently reticulate above; leaves drying brown,

dull, the upper surface darker and nearly eglandular, the lower cop-

pery and very sparingly dotted; inflorescence a broad many-flowered

axillary panicle 7-10 cm. long, 3 to 4 times compound, with up to

10 pairs of branches, the lowest up to 4 cm. long, the peduncle 2 cm.

long, compressed and up to 1.5 mm. wide below the lowest node;

flowers subspicate, mostly toward the tips of the branches, often sub-

opposite, sessile, solitary or in short-peduncled clusters of 3; bracts

ovate, divaricate, hairy, acute, 1-1.5 mm. long, broad-based and

rounded on the backs, persistent through an thesis; buds glabrous,

drying black, broadly obovoid, 1.5-2 mm. long, with numerous

raised glandular dots, contracted at base to a very short pseudo-

stalk; calyx-lobes 5, rounded, red-ciliate and appressed-pubescent

within, strongly unequal, the two outer much smaller, about 0.7 mm.

long and wide, the three inner up to 2 mm. wide and 1 mm. long,

the calyx as a whole splitting irregularly from the bases of the lobes

to the summit of the ovary; disk 1.7-2 mm. wide, glabrous, flat after

anthesis; style 3.5 mm. long; stamens about 50, 3 mm. long; anthers

0.6 mm. long; petals 3, suborbicular, about 2.5 mm. long; fruit not

seen. — This species, like M. areolata, seems to cross the supposed

generic lines between Marlierea and Myrcia (Aulomyrcia) . It has

the irregularly splitting calyx, persistent bracts and explanate disk

of Marlierea, but the coppery color and free calyx-lobes of some

species of "Aulomyrcia." It might conceivably be a hybrid involv-

FLORA OF PERU 589

ing Marlierea umbraticola, which also has impressed veins in the

leaves.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 169 (US, type).

Marlierea subulata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 177. 1956.

Tree 5 meters high, the branchlets, inflorescence and petioles

finely hispidulous with yellowish erect hairs about 0.2 mm. long, or

those on the vegetative buds, base of inflorescence and base of hy-

panthium slightly longer and appressed; leaves ovate or lanceolate,

nearly sessile, 4.5-7 cm. wide, 13-18 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 times as long

as wide, narrowed toward the apex from the middle or below, and

gradually acuminate, rounded and cordate-auriculate at base, the

margins passing abruptly into the ventral angles of the nearly flat,

hispidulous and somewhat expanded summit of the petiole 1.5-2 mm.

thick, 3-4 mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent beneath;

lateral veins about 10 pairs, impressed above, prominent and scalari-

form beneath, the intermediate ones weak; marginal vein about

equaling the laterals and markedly arched between them, 2.5-7 mm.

from margin, with an indistinct submarginal vein beyond it; blades

smooth, dark and lustrous above, with no glands apparent, the lower

surface paler, dull, with occasional dark glands; inflorescence a rather

few-flowered narrow panicle, 2 to 3 times compound, 7-15 cm. long,

and up to 6 cm. wide at base; peduncle less than half as long as the

whole panicle, distally flattened, 2-2.5 mm. wide; flowering nodes

5-6, the branches opposite or subopposite, the flowers solitary or in

3's on pedicels up to 5 mm. long; bracts divaricate, glabrous, subu-

late, up to about 3 mm. long, more or less persistent through an thesis;

bracteoles similar, about 1 mm. long, somewhat appressed to the

pseudostalk 0.5-1 mm. long; buds obovate, about 3 mm. long in-

cluding the prominent narrow apiculum, glabrous except near base

and sometimes for a tuft of small hairs crowning the apiculum, the

hypanthium gradually narrowed toward the base and then abruptly

rounded to the pseudostalk; calyx in bud completely closed, in an-

thesis splitting irregularly into 4 lobes, these up to 2 mm. long and

wide, glabrous except at apex; disk cup-shaped, 2.5 mm. across, the

staminal ring short-hairy; style 6 mm. long or more; stamens 75-100,

about equaling the style, the anthers about 0.3 mm. long; petals 4,

obovate or subrotund, 1 mm. wide, 1-1.5 mm. long, silky-villous

without; fruit globose to oblate, up to 1 cm. long and 1.5 cm. across.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, alt. 100 meters, forest, May,

June, 1930, G. Klug 1341 (F, type).

590 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Marlierea umbra ticola (HBK.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 17. 1855.

Myrtus umbraticola HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 258 (folio ed. p. 199).

1825. Marlierea insculpta Diels, Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 188.

1907.

A shrub or small tree 5-8 meters high, the inflorescence thickly

and finely pubescent with appressed or ascending lustrous rufous or

silver-tipped hairs up to 0.3 mm. long; lower leaf-surface with a few

appressed pale hairs with darker bases; leaves lanceolate or elliptic,

2.5-5.5 cm. wide, 8.5-17 cm. long, (2.8-) 3-4.5 times as long as wide,

the tip gradually or abruptly and often conspicuously acuminate,

the base acute to cuneate or somewhat rounded, the margins decur-

rent on the stout, transversely rimose petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 4-10

mm. long; petiole at maturity with the outer layers smooth and

reddish brown, cracking transversely and at length longitudinally,

separating and persisting; midvein impressed above, elevated nearly

its own thickness beneath; lateral veins 20-25 pairs, never promi-

nent but the major ones slightly impressed as delicate lines above,

slightly raised beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals or

slightly weaker, arched between them, 1-2.5 mm. from margin;

blades dark and lustrous but without apparent glands above, dull

green or brown, and finely dark-dotted beneath; inflorescence a

many-flowered axillary panicle 7-10 cm. long, mostly twice com-

pound with the flowers sessile or nearly so along the slender divari-

cate branches, the lowest of which may be as long as the central

branch or even longer; peduncle 1-2 cm. long, terete or slightly com-

pressed, usually rimose like the petioles, 1-2.5 mm. thick; branches

straight, slender, up to 10 cm. long and with more than 40 flowers

in bracteate, opposite or sometimes alternate pairs; bracts persist-

ent, squarrose, ovate, broad-based and somewhat surrounding the

buds, acute, 1 mm. long or less; buds 2-2.5 mm. long, dark or black

in drying, glabrous except the ciliate tips, broadly obovoid, the hy-

panthium obconic, the tip rounded; calyx-lobes 4, approximate in

the bud, very small, with deltoid ciliate tips, the calyx splitting

irregularly at anthesis between the lobes into irregular glabrous divi-

sions about 2.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; disk glabrous; style 4-5

mm. long; stamens 60-75, about 4 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm.

long; fruit globose, smooth or minutely verruculose, 5-10 mm. in

diameter. — A commonly collected species of the basins of the Orinoco

and Casiquiare rivers in Colombia and Venezuela, and known also

from various stations in Amazonian Brazil; the type of M. insculpta

came from Marary on the upper Rio Jurud, Ule 5080, 5081. F. M.

Negs. 23407, 36908.

FLORA OF PERU 591

Peru (probably). Amazonian Bolivia and Brazil to Venezuela,

and eastern Colombia.

Marlierea velutina McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 178. 1956.

A shrub or tree, densely velutinous on the branchlets, inflores-

cence, buds, and petioles with coarse sharp erect yellowish brown

hairs up to 1 mm. long; leaves on both surfaces thinly hirsutulous

with similar hairs; leaves elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, 4-6 cm. wide,

13-18 cm. long, about 3 times as long as wide, acute or shortly and

slenderly acuminate at tip, narrowly rounded at base, the margins

decurrent on the stout petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 5-7 mm. long; mid-

vein flat above or sulcate near base, velutinous, prominent and ele-

vated its own diameter beneath; lateral veins about 20 pairs, slightly

elevated above, prominulous beneath; marginal vein about equaling

the laterals, somewhat arched between them, 1.5-3 mm. from mar-

gin; blades at maturity dull, dark and obscurely punctate above,

yellow green or brown and hairy beneath, without apparent glands;

inflorescence of many-flowered, 2 or 3 times compound, axillary or

falsely terminal panicles 6-10 cm. long, the flowers solitary or in 3's

near the tips of the branches; peduncle 3.5-5 cm. long, compressed,

2.5 mm. wide below the first branches; primary branches 1.5-2.5 cm.

long, the lateral pedicels 3-5 mm. long, the central flowers sessile or

nearly so; bracts and bracteoles deciduous before an thesis, linear,

2-3 mm. long; buds probably about 7 mm. long, not seen; hypan-

thium 3-4 mm. long, broadly ellipsoid or urceolate to subglobose,

with about 8 prominent longitudinal ridges; calyx-lobes in bud united,

with free, bluntly deltoid tips about 1 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, the

calyx in anthesis splitting irregularly into 4 somewhat elliptic lobes

2-3 mm. wide, 3-4 mm. long, the split extending into the edge of the

staminal disk and the margin of the disk recurved with the lobes;

disk about 4 mm. wide, deeply depressed at center, velutinous; style

7 mm. long, hairy two-thirds of its length; stamens very numerous,

probably about 200; petals obovate-cuneate, 2 mm. wide, 3 mm.

long; ovary bilocular, with 2 ovules in each locule. — Known only

from the type, Rusby 2683, collected at the falls of the Rio Madeira,

Brazil.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

2. CALYPTRANTHES Swartz

Reference: Berg, Linnaea 27: 18-33. 1855; and in Mart. Fl. Bras.

14, pt. 1:38-55. 1857.

592 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calyx completely closed in the bud, circumscissile, the operculum

usually attached at one side in anthesis, finally completely dehiscent.

Petals none, or in a few species 2-3 (-5), small and inconspicuous.

Inflorescence-axis usually abortive above the first node, with the

paired panicles arising from opposite axils at the lowest nodes of the

axis. Pubescence usually at least in part of dibrachiate hairs.

A distinctive genus of perhaps 50-75 species, ranging from Florida

through the West Indies and eastern South America to Uruguay.

Early reports of this genus from Asia were based primarily on species

now referred to Syzygium Gaertn., a genus of the Eugeniinae.

Flowers very large for the genus, the buds 7-8 mm. long, convex or

nearly flat at the apex, lacking a narrow apiculum; inflorescence

pale-scurfy and also appressed-puberulent with minute brown-

ish dibrachiate hairs 0.1 mm. long; leaves 25-39 cm. long, nar-

rowly elliptic, nearly sessile, appearing cordate-auriculate at

base, the stout petiole 4 mm. long C. maxima

Flowers smaller, the buds if 5 mm. long or more fusiform and apicu-

late, or noticeably hirsute or velutinous; inflorescence glabrous

to hairy; leaves usually smaller and slender-petiolate, if sessile

or essentially so the buds not as above.

Leaves sessile, with veins impressed on the upper surface; blades

cordate at base or the margins much produced and plicate.

Leaves ovate, cordate, 9-12 cm. long; inflorescence glabrous;

buds fusiform, 6-7 mm. long C. sessilis

Leaves obovate, with the margins near base produced into

puckered folds, the blades 30-38 cm. long; inflorescence

appressed-hirsutulous; buds 3.5 mm. long, obovoid.

C. plicata

Leaves petiolate, cuneate to acute or somewhat rounded at base,

the veins usually not impressed.

Inflorescence of paired spikes, the individual flowers sessile along

the axis or the lowest in sessile or very short-peduncled

groups of three.

Buds glabrous; leaves 2.5-6 cm. long, often obovate with

rounded or sometimes short-acuminate tip; flowers

mostly 3 or 5 (-11) in each spike C. pulchella

Buds strigose or hirsute; leaves 7-16 cm. long, elliptic to

ovate, usually prominently and often narrowly acumi-

nate; flowers more numerous.

FLORA OF PERU 593

Branchlets and inflorescence, including the buds, thickly

rufous-hirsute; buds broadly obovoid to nearly glo-

bose, 5-6 mm. long, concealed by the hairs; flowers

8-13 in each spike C. krugioides

Branchlets and inflorescence with appressed yellow or

brown dibrachiate hairs; buds obovoid or broadly

fusiform, 2-2.5 mm. long, rather sparingly hairy.

Spikes mostly 8-12 cm. long, the numerous flowers in

several sessile clusters of 10-20 flowers each; leaves

short-acuminate, the lateral veins not impressed

above, slender and closely parallel C. densiflora

Spikes 3-5.5 cm. long, the flowers 25 or fewer on each,

in small sessile clusters of 1-3 each; leaves with nar-

row acumen 1.5-2 cm. long; lateral veins impressed

above, the principal ones prominent beneath and

contrasting with the less conspicuous intermediates.

C. brevispicata

Inflorescence of paired panicles or compound dichasia, the basal

branches elongated and again branched, or occasionally

with solitary terminal flowers.

Branches of the inflorescence uniformly but sometimes thinly

beset with appressed or erect hairs; hypanthium vari-

ously strigose to tomentose, except in C. multiflora.

Hypanthium glabrous; inflorescence loosely pubescent with

numerous erect or somewhat appressed soft pale rufous

hairs; midvein convex above; buds 2-2.5 mm. long.

C. multiflora

Hypanthium strigose or variously velutinous or tomentose,

if nearly glabrous the midvein sulcate or narrowly im-

pressed above.

Inflorescence-branch an umbelliform cyme 2-5 cm. long

with 15 flowers or fewer, the ovate boat-shaped

bracts subfoliaceous, persistent; inflorescence, in-

cluding the flowers, thickly hirsute with coarse rufous

sessile dibrachiate hairs up to 1.5-2 mm. long and

attached near one end C. longifolia

Inflorescence-branch paniculate or by reduction race-

mose, often 3 to 4 times compound and many-

flowered (if short and few-flowered not hirsute as

above); bracts completely deciduous before an the-

594 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

sis or occasionally a few (especially the basal ones)

persisting; hairs of the inflorescence various, mostly

sessile and less than 1 mm. long.

Hairs of the inflorescence golden-yellow, dibrachiate,

up to more than 1 mm. long, the basal stalk of the

hair erect and often as long as the spreading or

ascending branches; leaves 6 cm. long or less,

rounded to obscurely acuminate at tip; branch-

lets 2-winged; flowers mostly 10 or fewer on each

branch C. tridymantha

Hairs of the inflorescence sessile and somewhat ap-

pressed and mostly less than 0.5 mm. long, or with

very short hairs intermixed, or the inflorescence

velutinous or tomentose, usually with red or rusty

hairs.

Leaves large, mostly more than 15 cm. long (often

20-30 cm. long), with 20-35 pairs of lateral

veins; buds obovoid or obconic, scarcely apic-

ulate, 3-5 mm. long; inflorescence with abun-

dant rufous pubescence.

Lateral and marginal veins scarcely apparent on

lower leaf-surface, the surface covered with

very numerous, closely appressed pale hairs

up to 0.2 mm. long; blades tapering from the

middle or below to a slender apex; inflores-

cence 5 cm. long or less, few-flowered.

C. macrophylla

Lateral and marginal veins forming a conspicuous

gridiron pattern on the lower leaf-surface,

which is glabrous or sparingly appressed-

pubescent at maturity; blades abruptly and

narrowly acuminate; inflorescence 6-10 cm.

long, many-flowered C. speciosa

Leaves of moderate size, usually less than 20 cm.

long or, if longer, the lateral veins 15 pairs or

fewer, or the buds 2-2.5 mm. long; buds and

pubescence various.

Flowers small, the buds 2-2.5 mm. long, obovoid,

the apex rounded or shortly apiculate; pan-

icles mostly 3 times compound, many-flow-

ered, the branches sparingly covered with

FLORA OF PERU 595

appressed pale or sometimes reddish hairs,

the hypanthium strigose, sometimes very

sparingly so; paired panicles from an abor-

tive flattened axis 10 mm. long or less.

Lower leaf-surfaces with few dark hairs and

usually with rather numerous persistent,

nearly colorless appressed hairs; leaves

elliptic, broadest at the middle, 5-10 cm.

long with 12-15 lateral veins on each side;

style 4-4.5 mm. long C. ruiziana

Lower leaf-surfaces glabrous except for a few

dark hairs; leaves ovate or lanceolate, usu-

ally widest somewhat below the middle,

9-15 (-25) cm. long, with 20-25 pairs of

veins on each side; style 5-6 mm. long.

C. simulata

Flowers larger, the buds 3-6 mm. long, variously

shaped; panicle compound, or by reduction

racemoid, its branches and the hypanthium

uniformly and usually conspicuously ap-

pressed-hairy, velutinous or tomentose with

ferruginous or dark reddish hairs; panicles

various.

Inflorescence-branch a spike with all flowers

sessile, or the lower branches 1-2 cm. long,

1- or 3-flowered; buds 5-6 mm. long, abun-

dantly hirsute, the hypanthium hairy

within C. krugioides

Inflorescence-branch a panicle, usually many-

flowered and 3 times compound; buds 3-4

mm. long, appressed-hairy to tomentose,

the hypanthium glabrous within.

Midvein impressed above; hypanthium ap-

pressed-hairy, the hairs of the inflores-

cence rusty-brown; buds fusiform, 3-3.5

mm. long; panicle narrow, the lowest

branches about 1.5 cm. long.

C. tessmannii

Midvein convex above (and then sometimes

sulcate) or raised in a narrow ridge; hy-

panthium loosely velutinous or tomen-

596 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

tose; buds obovoid or ellipsoid; lower

branches of the panicle relatively long.

Leaves 15-21 cm. long, about 4 times as

long as wide, the straight marginal

vein and the 10-15 short lateral veins

prominent beneath; petiole very stout,

3 mm. thick, 7 mm. long; buds broadly

ellipsoid, heavily tomentose with dark

red hairs, the hypanthium urceolate

in anthesis C. rufotomentosa

Leaves 10-16 cm. long, about 2.5 times as

long as wide, the marginal vein con-

sisting of a series of loops or arches

between the 8-12 pairs of laterals;

petiole 1 mm. thick, 8-10 mm. long;

buds obovoid, sparingly or rather

densely velutinous with rusty-brown

or reddish hairs, the hypanthium prob-

ably turbinate in anthesis.

C. cuspidata

Branches of the inflorescence (including the hypanthium)

completely glabrous or with a very few scattered hairs

about the base and the nodes of the panicle.

Panicles with 20 flowers or fewer, sometimes reduced and

raceme-like or spikelike; peduncle and rachis filiform

or very slender, often terete and nearly straight, usually

less than 1 mm. thick; branchlets narrowly 2-winged.

Flowers mostly sessile on the axis, only the lower clusters

pedunculate; wings of the branchlets often 0.5 mm.

high; buds 4-7 mm. long, obtuse or obscurely

apiculate C. pulchella

Flowers mostly on very long slender pedicels; wings of

the branchlets scarcely higher than thick; buds 2-3

mm. long, narrowly and conspicuously apiculate.

C. bipennis

Panicles many-flowered, 3 to 4 times compound, the pe-

duncle usually somewhat angular near summit and

1-1.5 mm. thick, the rachis often irregularly enlarged

and zigzag; wings, if produced on branchlets, not per-

sisting through the growing season.

FLORA OF PERU 597

Lower leaf-surface obscurely gland-dotted, the dots about

15 per square mm.; leaves relatively narrow, mostly

2.5 times as long as broad, or longer; panicle-

branches irregularly alternate C. paniculata

Lower leaf-surface prominently dark-dotted, the dots

more than 50 per square mm. ; leaves broader, mostly

2.3 times as long as broad, or less; panicle-branches,

both large and small, often verticillate or fasciculate.

C. crebra

Calyptranthes bipennis Berg, Linnaea 31: 248. 71862.

A shrub or tree up to 15 meters high, glabrous except for a few

hairs on the young terminal vegetative buds; young leafy branchlets

2-winged, the wings up to about 0.2 mm. high, arising just above the

axil at one node and terminating in stipule-like tips up to 1 mm.

long between the petiole bases at the node above; leaves elliptic,

lanceolate or ovate, (1-) 2-5 cm. wide, 3-7 (-11) cm. long, 2-3 (-4)

times as long as wide, acuminate (often slenderly so), the base cune-

ate, or rounded and finally subcuneate, the margins decurrent on

the petiole 2-3 mm. long and up to 1 mm. thick; midvein prominent

beneath, on the upper surface broadly impressed near base in a

rounded channel, plane near the tip; lateral veins slender, slightly

raised on both surfaces or but obscurely so above, about 10-12 prin-

cipal pairs but with relatively strong intermediate veins, the blade

thus often seeming to have numerous close parallel veins; marginal

vein continuous, 0.5-1 (-2) mm. from margin, little arched between

the laterals; leaves dull and pale green in drying, or the lower sur-

face pale brown; upper surface smooth, usually with at least a few

impressed dots; lower surface more or less prominently brown dotted;

inflorescence axillary, the axis either abortive and 0.5-2 mm. long,

or elongate and leafy; flowering branches 2, opposite, arising from

the lowest nodes of the axis, filiform, 2-5 (-9) cm. long, 0.2-0.7 mm.

thick below the nodes, 1 to 3 times compound; peduncle 9-22 mm.

long; nodes of the flowering axis 1-3, the pedicels filiform, 2-7 mm.

long, 1-flowered or with 2 or 3 nearly sessile flowers at the tip; bract

at base of flowering branch linear, 0.7 mm. wide, 1.7 mm. long; other

bracts and bracteoles not seen; buds obovoid, prominently gland-

dotted, attenuate at base at least when young, 2-3 mm. long, nar-

rowly apiculate, the apiculum often conspicuous; calyptra about one-

third as long as the unopened bud; style 3-5 mm. long; petals none;

stamens about 75, up to 4 mm. long; fruit globose, 5-7 mm. in

598 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

diameter. — The several collections which I should refer to this species

show unusual variation in size of leaves, but are otherwise so similar

that there is little doubt that they are conspecific. The type speci-

men, which is in young bud only, bears small and narrow leaves up to

1 cm. wide and 4 cm. long. The inflorescences are poorly developed,

each branch bearing three pedicellate flowers only. Superficially this

specimen bears little resemblance to such large-leaved examples as

those in Killip & Smith's no. 27702 and Krukoff 's nos. 5203 and 5205,

but in characters other than leaf-size there is good agreement. The

development of the inflorescence and the presence of 1-flowered or

3-flowered pedicels evidently vary from plant to plant, and under

conditions which affect vigor and development; in some cases both

1-flowered and 3-flowered pedicels are found on the same plant, and

I regard as taxonomically unimportant, in this case, the difference

between the 3-flowered cymes of the type specimen, and the approxi-

mately 20-flowered panicle-like branches of Killip & Smith's no.

27702. The type specimen of C. bipennis apparently is merely a

small-leaved extreme, collected at an early stage in development, of

a species population which is widespread and relatively uniform in

Brazilian Amazonia and adjacent Peru. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 430.

San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6584- — Loreto: Yurimaguas,

Killip & Smith 27702. Fl. Huallaga ad cataractas, July, 1856,

Spruce 4596, type. Amazonian Brazil.

Calyptranthes brevispicata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 181.

1956.

A tree 4 meters high, the branchlets, inflorescence, petioles and

lower leaf-surfaces sparingly covered with appressed fusiform yellow-

ish brown dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long (or to 1 mm. long

on the midvein); leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 3.5-5 cm. wide, 11-15 cm.

long, about 3 times as long as wide, narrowed toward the apex from

about the middle, gradually or rather abruptly long-acuminate, the

tip 3 mm. wide at base, 1.5-2 cm. long; base of blade acute and

finally cuneate, the margins decurrent on the stout petiole 1.5 mm.

thick, 8 mm. long; midvein sharply sulcate and impressed above,

prominently elevated beneath; lateral veins 20 or more pairs, im-

pressed above, prominent beneath and contrasting with the smaller

and less conspicuous intermediate veins; marginal vein nearly

straight, about equaling the laterals, 2-3 mm. from margin, slightly

impressed above and prominently elevated beneath, a smaller but

distinct submarginal vein beyond it; blades somewhat lustrous, green

and impressed-puncticulate above, somewhat yellowish beneath,

FLORA OF PERU 599

with small dark dots and numerous appressed hairs; inflorescence

axillary, the axis very short and flat, about 2 mm. long and wide,

the flowering branches 2, spicate, 3-5.5 cm. long, from the lowest

nodes of the axis, the peduncle short, about 1 cm. long, nearly terete,

1-1.3 mm. thick below the first node; flowers 25 or fewer on each

branch, 1-3 in small sessile clusters at the 3-4 principal nodes and

the tip; bracts deciduous before an thesis; buds about 2.5 mm. long,

broadly fusiform, brown-hairy and somewhat arachnoid-pubescent,

broadly and sometimes obscurely apiculate; calyptra domelike; hy-

panthium after dehiscence broadly campanulate, 1.5 mm. high, about

2 mm. across the rim; style 6 mm. long; stamens about 50, white, to

6 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm. long. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 454.

Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, at mouth of Rio Zubineta, alt.

200 meters, forest, March-April, 1931, G. King 2040 (US, type).

Calyptranthes crebra McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 181. 1956.

Tree 4-10 meters high, completely glabrous or the vegetative

buds strigose with reddish fusiform dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm.

long, and a few similar hairs persistent at the base and about the

nodes of the inflorescence; leaves elliptic to ovate, 4-5 cm. wide,

8.5-10.5 cm. long, about 1.8-2.3 times as long as wide, short-acumi-

nate, the base cuneate, the margins decurrent on the stout petiole

1-1.5 mm. thick, 4-5 mm. long; midvein broadly sulcate above,

prominent beneath; lateral veins 12-15 pairs in addition to the

scarcely less conspicuous intermediates, slightly elevated on both

surfaces but obscure on both; marginal vein about equaling the lat-

erals, nearly straight, 1.5-2 mm. from margin; upper surface olive

green to brown in drying, impressed-puncticulate, the lower pale or

dark tan, with abundant (more than 50 per square mm.) dark prom-

inent glands; inflorescence axillary or falsely terminal, the axis about

1 mm. long, the 2 flowering branches from the lowest nodes, 5-11 cm.

long, mostly 3 times compound, many-flowered, the peduncle often

half as long as the entire inflorescence, terete, 1 mm. thick or a little

more; lowest branches of the panicle sub-verticillate, three larger

and as many smaller arising nearly together; upper nodes mostly

alternate and enlarged, the branchlets often fasciculate, the rachis

zigzag and flattened; flowers yellow-green (Klug), near tips in 3's or

in clusters up to 10; bracts deciduous before anthesis; buds 2 mm.

long or less, obovate, somewhat expanded above the middle, shortly

apiculate; hypanthium after dehiscence broadly campanulate, about

1.3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide; calyptra concave; style 5 mm. long;

stamens 60-75, about as long as the style; anthers about 0.2 mm.

600 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

long; fruit globose, about 5 mm. in diameter, finely glandular- ver-

ruculose, surmounted by the very short flaring neck of the hypan-

thium. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 470.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, forest, alt. 100 meters, Octo-

ber-November, 1929, G. Klug 77, 78 (F, type), 607.

Calyptranthes cuspidata DC. Prodr. 3: 258. 1828.

Probably a tree, the vegetative buds, petioles, branchlets and

inflorescence velutinous with rusty brown or light reddish brown

partly dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves glabrous both

sides, elliptic or oblanceolate, 4-5 cm. wide, 10-16 cm. long, about

2.5 times as long as wide, at apex cuspidate-acuminate with acumen

1-1.5 cm. long, the base acute, the margins decurrent on the chan-

neled petiole 1 mm. thick, 8-10 mm. long; midvein convex or nar-

rowly sulcate above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 8-12 pairs,

sometimes with nearly similar intermediate veins, slightly convex

on both sides of the blade; marginal vein about equaling the laterals

and arched between them, or scarcely forming a distinct vein, 2-4

mm. from margin, often with smaller veins evident beyond it; blade

smooth and featureless above, paler and dull beneath with pale in-

conspicuous glandular dots; inflorescence to 10 cm. long, 3 times

compound, many-flowered; flowers sessile, clustered near the tips of

the branches; buds 3.2-4 mm. long, obovoid, the calyptra rounded

and domelike, punctate, and (in the type) glabrate; hypanthium

markedly produced beyond the ovary, the orifice about 1 mm. across;

stamens probably 50-75. — The type, which I saw in Munich in 1954,

bears both buds and opening flowers; it is labeled "Rio dos Enganos,

in flumen Japura, Provinciae Rio Negro," Martins (F. M. Neg.

19884). Krukoff's no. 6221 (NY, US), from the State of Ama-

zonas, Mun. Humayta, near Tres Casas, is referred to this species

with some doubt. It is said to be a tree 60 feet high; the plants are

in young bud with inflorescence scarcely developed. The foliage

closely resembles that of the type of C. cuspidata, but the inflores-

cence appears to be more strongly velutinous than in the Martius

specimen.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Calyptranthes densiflora Poepp. ex Berg, Linnaea 27: 30. 1855.

A tree 4-7 meters high, sparsely covered in the inflorescence and

on the lower leaf-surfaces with brownish-yellow fusiform sessile but

rather loosely appressed dibrachiate hairs up to 0.8 mm. long on

FLORA OF PERU 601

the midvein and about 0.5 mm. long on the inflorescence; leaves

elliptic or ovate, 3-5.5 cm. wide, 7-13 cm. long, 2-2.5 times as long

as wide, acuminate, the base acute to rounded, the margins decur-

rent on the stout petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 5-6 mm. long; midvein

impressed or sharply sulcate above, prominent beneath; lateral veins

15-20 pairs, slender and close with numerous intermediate veins,

obscure above, more distinct beneath; marginal vein about equaling

the laterals, 1.5-2 (-3.5) mm. from margin; leaves nearly concolorous,

lustrous and smooth and obscurely impressed-puncticulate above,

slightly more yellowish-green or -brown beneath, the surface rather

sparingly dotted with small glands, often with pale appressed hairs

and some brownish-yellow dibrachiate hairs; inflorescence axillary,

the axis flattened, 2-4 mm. long and at least 2-3 mm. wide; flower-

ing branches 2, spicate, (3-) 8-12 cm. long, opposite, arising from

the lowest nodes of the axis, the peduncle about half as long as the

entire branch, angled but scarcely compressed, 2-2.5 mm. thick just

below the first node; flowers sessile in clusters of 10-20 at each of

3-5 nodes and at the tips, the clusters sub-opposite or usually some

or all of them alternate, the axis often zigzag; bracts about half as

many as the flowers and simulating an involucre about the clusters,

1-2.5 mm. wide, 2-3 mm. long, obovate, cucullate, glabrous on the

inner surface; buds 2-2.5 mm. long, obovoid, gland-dotted, not

apiculate, strigose with lustrous golden or somewhat arachnoid hairs;

calyptra 1.5-2 mm. across, explanate; hypanthium hollow nearly to

the base of the bud, the walls thin and collapsing after anthesis; style

5-6 mm. long; stamens 30-40, up to 5 mm. long, the anthers 0.4-0.5

mm. long; fruit (according to Poeppig) smaller than a pea, globose,

crowned with the tubular hypanthium. — F.M. Neg. 31509.

San Martin: Zepelacio near Moyobamba, King 3307, 3747. In

sylvis ad Mission Tocache, Poeppig 2019 (type, herb. Wien).

In Poeppig's original specimen, which I have seen through the

kindness of Dr. Rechinger, the spikes are apparently somewhat un-

developed and perhaps abnormal; they are about 1.5 cm. long, each

with 25-40 flowers closely packed in a sub-cylindric cluster.

Calyptranthes krugioides McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 182.

1956.

Tree to 20 meters high, the branchlets and inflorescence thickly

rufous-hirsute with coarse flexuous hairs about 0.5 mm. long; mid-

vein above densely and veins beneath sparingly hairy in young foli-

age; leaves elliptic or ovate, 2.5-6.5 cm. wide, 10-16 cm. long, 2.5-3

(-4) times as long as wide, about equally and often abruptly narrowed

602 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

to the slenderly or caudately acuminate tip, and to the rounded or

subcuneate base, the margins decurrent on the stout petiole 1.5-2

mm. thick and 5-11 mm. long; principal veins impressed above, the

mid vein sulcate but raised in a narrow central line in this groove;

veins prominent beneath, the principal laterals 10-12 pairs, the mar-

ginal vein about equaling the laterals, 2-4 mm. from the margin;

leaves drying brown, dull, the upper surface smooth and without

evident glands, the lower lighter in color, minutely dark-dotted; in-

florescences axillary, paired, spikelike, 5-6 cm. long, the axis with

3-4 flowering nodes, about 1 mm. in diameter but appearing more

than 2 mm. thick because of the hairs; flowers distant, 8-13 in each

spike, at the upper nodes solitary and sessile, at the lower nodes in

groups of 3 on a common branch 3 mm. long; bracteoles ovate, acute,

about 2.5 mm. long; buds broadly obovoid to nearly globose, 5-6 mm.

long, obscurely apiculate, completely concealed by the hairs; calyp-

tra about 3.5 mm. high; hypanthium cup-shaped, sparingly strigose

within; style 8 mm. long, glabrous or with a few hairs at base; sta-

mens 125-150, nearly as long as the style, the anthers 0.5 mm. long;

petals 3, elliptic, rounded at the apex, 3 mm. wide and 4 mm. long

in the mature bud; fruit not seen. — The name is given in reference to

the superficial resemblance between this species and Krugia ferru-

ginea, of northern South America and the West Indies. Univ. of

Mich. Neg. 465.

Loreto: Iquitos, edge of lake, October 11, 1929, alt. 120 meters,

Williams 3675 (F, type). Amazonian Brazil (basin of Rio Jurud,

Krukoff5041).

Calyptranthes longifolia Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1:

46. 1857. C. pleophlebia Diels, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 188.

1907.

Shrub to 3 meters high, thickly appressed-hairy in the inflores-

cence, on the young branchlets and buds and petioles, with coarse

rufous mostly dibrachiate hairs up to 1.5 (-2) mm. long; leaves at

least when young with a few long hairs beneath; leaves elliptic or

lanceolate, 4-6.5 (-8) cm. wide, 10-25 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 times as

long as wide, gradually or abruptly acuminate at tip, rounded or

often subcuneate at base, the margins decurrent on the stout short

petiole 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, 4-6 (-8) mm. long; midvein impressed

above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 15-20 pairs, like the mar-

ginal vein usually somewhat impressed above and rather prominent

beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, somewhat arched

»r. FLORA OF PERU 603

between them, 2-5 (-10) mm. from the margin; leaves rather dull

when dry, at least the lower surface turning pale brown; upper sur-

face smooth or inconspicuously impressed-puncticulate; lower surface

sparingly glandular; inflorescence a pair of few-flowered stout cymes

2-5 cm. long, the axis 1.5 mm. thick, from the lowest nodes of an

axillary branch, this branch aborting or (usually, in the specimens

seen) elongating and becoming leafy at tip, the cymes appearing

lateral and supra-axillary; cymes about 15- or fewer-flowered, with

1-5 (usually 2-3) nodes, each with an oblong or bluntly triangular

bract, 3-3.5 mm. wide and 4-15 mm. long, at base; flowers sessile,

mostly in crowded laterally compressed bracteate clusters of 3 to 5

at the tips of the branches; bracts ovate, rounded on the back, acute,

2-3.5 mm. long, persistent until the fruit is grown; buds about 2.5

mm. long, obovoid, very shortly apiculate, completely hidden by the

abundant hairs; calyptra explanate at anthesis, about 2 mm. wide;

style undeveloped in specimens examined; stamens about 75, 3-4

mm. long; fruit purple (Killip & Smith), probably globose, about

1.5 cm. in diameter, 1-seeded, the seed kidney-shaped, 1 cm. long. —

As already pointed out by Amshoff (Med. Bot. Mus. Rijksuniv.

Utrecht 86: 150. 1942), the flowers of a closely related species,

Calyptranthes fasciculata Berg, are often unisexual. A similar con-

dition apparently prevails in the present species, and in C. speciosa

var. gigantifolia. F.M. Negs. 23383, 23388.

San Martin: Chazuta, Rio Huallaga, Klug 4103. — Loreto: Yuri-

maguas, Poeppig 2162, type; Williams 4666. Stromgebiet des Uca-

yali von 10° S. bis zur Mundung, Tessmann 3432 (F.M. Neg. 23394).

Cerro de Escaler, 1300 meters, Ule 6751, type of C. pleophlebia.

Junin: Colonia Perene, Killip & Smith 24933. Bolivia.

Calyptranthes macrophylla Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1 :

45. 1857.

A shrub or tree to 5-6 meters high, the inflorescence covered with

dark rusty fusiform, closely appressed dibrachiate hairs 0.3 mm.

long; lower leaf-surface covered with very numerous, closely ap-

pressed lustrous pale hairs 0.1-0.2 mm. long, mixed with a few

darker dibrachiate hairs, these on the midrib up to 0.5 mm. long;

leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5.5-9 cm. wide, 18-24 cm. long,

2.7-4.2 times as long as wide, narrowed from the middle or below

to the long-acute or gradually long-acuminate tip, rounded at base,

the margins decurrent on the stout pubescent petiole 2.5 mm. thick,

10-12 mm. long; midvein impressed or sulcate above, raised its own

thickness beneath; lateral veins very slender, 30-35 pairs, very

604 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

slightly elevated both sides; marginal vein nearly straight, about

equaling the laterals, 1.5-2 mm. from the inrolled margin; blades

lustrous, greenish-brown or darker and minutely impressed-punctic-

ulate above, pale tan and somewhat lustrous beneath from the cov-

ering of small hairs which also nearly cover the numerous small dark

glands; inflorescence axillary, the axis flattened and short, 3-10 mm.

long, 2-3 mm. wide; flowering branches 1.5-6.5 cm. long, only the

two lateral developed, or also a third representing the principal axis

of the flowering branch; each branch 5- to many-flowered, the flowers

sessile or on pedicels 2.5 mm. long; bracts lance-linear, about 5 mm.

long, probably deciduous at anthesis; buds obconic, scarcely apicu-

late, 3-4 mm. long; disk in fruit sunken, glabrous, about 3 mm. wide;

fruit globose, 7-11 mm. in diameter, the hypanthium prolonged into

a cylindrical neck 1-1.5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide; calyptra some-

times persistent on the fruit, explanate, 2.5 mm. across. — Flowering

specimens of this species have apparently not been recently collected,

but the species itself is well known from the upper Amazon region of

Brazil and from nearby Venezuela. The Krukoff specimen cited

below is included with some doubt as to its identity; the leaves are

sparsely pubescent, and slightly more prominently acuminate than

in the other specimens seen; the flowers are more numerous, and the

pubescence of the inflorescence is of relatively loose and pale hairs;

possibly it represents a distinct species but this cannot be determined

with certainty from the material, which is in bud only, and with

over-mature and weathered foliage. F.M. Neg. 31510. (See also a

note under C. speciosa.}

Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5498. Ama-

zonian Brazil to Venezuela.

Calyptranthes maxima McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 182.

1956.

A small tree, the branchlets and inflorescence puberulent with

minute appressed brownish dibrachiate hairs about 0.1 mm. long,

the inflorescence (and especially the hypanthium) pale scurfy as well;

leaves elliptic, thin in texture, 7.5-10.5 cm. wide, 25-39 cm. long,

3.5-4 times as long as wide, about equally narrowed to both ends,

acuminate at tip, appearing cordate-auriculate at base when dry;

petioles dark and stout, about 3 mm. thick, 4 mm. long, the thick-

ened portion extending 5-6 mm. beneath the blade and there merg-

ing into the unmodified midvein, the whole petiole depressed below

the plane of the base of the leaf and lying in a short steep-sided fur-

row; midvein centrally sulcate, but elevated on the upper surface,

FLORA OF PERU 605

prominent beneath; lateral veins very slender, 25-35 pairs in addi-

tion to some intermediates, convex on both sides, more conspicuous

beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, nearly straight,

2-4 mm. from margin; blades pale green and lustrous above, paler

and with small dark glandular dots beneath; inflorescence from the

terminal node of a stout terminal bracteate shoot 1.5 cm. long; bracts

of the shoot scarious, coriaceous, lance-attenuate, 6 mm. wide, 15-25

mm. long; bracteoles scarious, linear, blunt-tipped, 2.5 mm. wide

and 7 mm. long, deciduous at anthesis; inflorescence branches soli-

tary, 6-10 cm. long, 1 to 2 times compound, 6- to 11-flowered, on

stout compressed peduncles 3.5 mm. wide below the first node; lower

divisions of the primary branch 8 mm. long, 3-flowered; all flowers

except the terminal one on flat pedicel-like branchlets 2-3 mm. long,

2 mm. wide; buds 7-8 mm. long, obovoid and nearly flat- topped, the

calyptra nearly flat, scarcely apiculate, 5-6 mm. across, glabrous

inside; hypanthium glabrous within, prolonged 2.5 mm. beyond the

summit of the ovary; stamens about 200, 5 mm. long, densely fring-

ing the orifice of the hypanthium in a zone 1.5 mm. wide; anthers

0.6-0.8 mm. long; style stout, about 8 mm. long, 0.4 mm. in diam-

eter, enlarged (perhaps deformed) distally; ovary bilocular, the

ovules in each locule 2, ascending. — Known only from the Trapecio

amazonico, in Colombian territory very near to the Peruvian bound-

ary, Schultes & Black 8526, type.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Colombia.

Calyptranthes multiflora Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1:

42. 1857. ?C. poeppigiana Berg, I.e. 45.

A tree, pubescent in the inflorescence with numerous erect rufous

hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, and usually with a few appressed, slightly

longer and sometimes dibrachiate hairs near the base of the pan-

icles; petioles and mid veins of young leaves near the base sparingly

pubescent; leaves elliptic or narrowly ovate, 2-4 (-6) cm. wide,

5-10 cm. long, (1.7-) 2.4-3 times as long as wide, about equally

narrowed to the short-acuminate tip and the cuneate or subcuneate

base, the margins decurrent on the short stout petiole 2-2.5 (-3.5)

mm. long; midvein prominent beneath, not impressed above but

plane or forming a low flat or convex ridge 0.5-1 mm. wide; lateral

veins about 10 pairs, but often seeming to be 20 or more closely

parallel veins on a side because of the many smaller intermediates;

marginal vein about equaling the laterals, somewhat arched between

them, usually less than 1 mm. from margin (up to 4 mm.); leaves

dull in drying, nearly concolorous or the lower surface paler, both

606 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

sides with small inconspicuous glandular dots, the veins obscure

above, evident beneath at least in mature leaves; inflorescence a

pair of panicles, up to 8.5 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide, from the basal

nodes of a short axillary axis (or the axis elongating 3-4 mm. and

producing a second and shorter pair of panicles from the next node) ;

panicles 3 times compound, usually with about 5 irregular nodes,

the lower branches up to 7- or 9-flowered; pedicels of the ultimate

branchlets none, or up to 2 mm. long; flowers sessile above the brac-

teoles, but the base of the hypanthium often narrowed into a pedicel-

like base; bracts and bracteoles linear, glabrous, deciduous before

anthesis, the former 2-4 mm. long, the latter 1-1.5 mm.; buds 2-2.5

mm. long, glabrous, roughened by the prominent glands, apiculate,

obovoid and usually attenuate at base; calyptra about one- third the

length of the bud; petals 2 or more, spatulate, erose, 1 mm. long and

nearly as wide; style 5 mm. long; stamens about 100, up to 6 mm.

long; fruit not seen.— F.M. Neg. 23384.

Loreto: Timbuchi, Williams 1087. Manfinfa, Williams 1089.

Amazonian Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia.

Calyptranthes poeppigiana Berg, the type of which came from

Ega, Brazil (Poeppig, s.n., in herb. Wien), is indistinguishable from

C. multiflora except that the inflorescences are reduced to paired or

glomerate spikelike branches 1.5-3 cm. long. Dr. Rechinger kindly

made the type of C. poeppigiana available for my study, but I have

not seen any other specimens resembling it, and I suppose that it

represents an aberrant form of the relatively widespread C. multi-

flora. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 1018.

Calyptranthes paniculata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 74. t. 13.

1794. C. fragrans in herb. Ruiz, ex Berg, Linnaea 27: 20. 1855.

Tree to 30 meters high, completely glabrous or the vegetative

buds strigose with reddish fusiform dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm.

long, and a few similar hairs persistent at the base and about the

nodes of the inflorescence; leaves elliptic to lance-ovate or ovate,

2.5-4 (-6.5) cm. wide, 8-12.5 cm. long, (2-) 2.5-3.2 times as long as

wide, bluntly short-acuminate, at base cuneate or sub-cuneate, or

occasionally somewhat rounded, the margins decurrent on the petiole

1.5 mm. thick, 7 mm. long; midvein broadly sulcate above, promi-

nent beneath; lateral veins very slender, about 12 (-15) pairs, ob-

scure above, slightly elevated beneath; marginal vein about equaling

the laterals and arched between them, 2-3 (-6) mm. from margin,

with an outer, very fine, submarginal vein beyond it; leaves in dry-

FLORA OF PERU 607

ing pale green or brown above, somewhat lustrous and impressed-

puncticulate, the lower surface greenish-brown, sparingly and mi-

nutely gland-dotted; inflorescence axillary, the axis tangentially

flattened, 2.5-3 mm. long and wide, the 2 flowering branches from

the lowest nodes, 8-10 cm. long, 3 to 4 times compound, many-

flowered, divaricately and irregularly branched, the peduncle terete

or nearly so, 1-1.5 mm. thick; branches alternate or opposite, the

nodes often enlarged, the ultimate branchlets divaricate or somewhat

reflexed, 2-10 mm. long, distally enlarged and bearing 1-3 sessile

terminal flowers; bracts deciduous at anthesis, ciliate, 1-1.5 mm.

long; buds 3-3.5 mm. long, obovoid or constricted about the mid-

dle, narrowed to the broad sessile base; calyptra about half as long

as the persistent hypanthium, broadly infundibuliform, 1.3-1.5 mm.

wide, with a conic apiculum 0.5 mm. long; hypanthium after dehis-

cence campanulate, 1.5-2 mm. across the orifice; fruit and flowers

unknown.— F.M. Neg. 23387.

Huanuco: Pozuzo, Ruiz (type, in herb. Madrid?, not seen).—

Rio Acre: near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5258, 5487. Local-

ity uncertain: Ruiz (isotype of C. fragrans, herb. Geneva ex herb.

Berol. ex herb. Lambert); Ruiz 24/45 (herb. Chicago ex herb.

Madrid).

Calyptranthes plica ta McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 182. 1956.

A shrub 4.5 meters high, nearly glabrous except that the inflores-

cence is appressed-hirsutulous with rufous partly dibrachiate hairs

up to 0.6 mm. long, the petioles and the midveins on the lower sur-

face of the leaf puberulent; leaves large, sessile, obovate, 10-12 cm.

wide, 30-38 cm. long, 2.5-3 times as long as wide, short-acuminate,

narrowed to a width of 4-5 cm. near base and the margins there

broadly decurrent and plicate on the enlarged petiolar base which is

5 mm. thick on the lower surface; mid vein impressed or deeply sul-

cate above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 20-25 pairs, impressed-

above, prominent beneath; marginal vein about equaling the lat-

erals and but slightly arched between them, 2-4 mm. from the mar-

gin; upper surface of blade dull and obscurely impressed-punctate;

lower surface dull and probably paler, without apparent glands; in-

florescence a divaricately branched, 3 times compound, bracteate

panicle up to 7 cm. long, the panicle-branches very slender, up to

1.5 mm. in diameter, the nodes with conspicuous persistent divari-

cate boat-shaped attenuate bracts 2-3 mm. long (the lowest up to

1.5 mm. wide, 5 mm. long); flowers 50-100, mostly sessile in pairs

along the spikelike secondary branches of the panicle, or in 3's at

608 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

the tips of the branches; immature buds obovoid, 3.5 mm. long, the

calyptra pointed and somewhat apiculate, the hypanthium turbinate,

glabrous within, prolonged at least 1 mm. beyond the summit of the

ovary; stamens about 60; style not seen in buds examined; petals

none. — A distinctive species, but unfortunately known only from

the type specimen, which includes a single inflorescence with half-

grown buds, and another, detached inflorescence with very much

younger, undeveloped buds.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil (Amazonas, Mun. Sao Paulo

de Olivenca, Krukoff 8432, type).

Calyptranthes pulchella DC. Prodr. 3: 257. 1828.

A tree to 8 meters high, glabrous except the vegetative buds and

youngest branchlets strigose (usually very sparingly) with reddish

hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; branchlets 2-winged, the wings up to 0.5

mm. high, arising just above the axil at one node and terminating

between the leaf -bases at the node above, in an auricle-like prolonga-

tion 1-1.7 mm. long; leaves obovate or broadly elliptic, 1.5-3.3 cm.

wide, 2.5-6 cm. long, 1.5-2 times as long as wide, the apex rounded,

acute but blunt-tipped, or broadly and shortly acuminate, the base

acute or cuneate, the margins decurrent on the stout channeled peti-

ole 1 mm. thick, 2-3 mm. long; midvein sulcate and mostly impressed

above, prominent beneath; lateral veins very slender and scarcely

apparent, about 10-12 pairs with several intermediates; marginal

vein like the laterals, 0.5-1 mm. from the margin; leaves dull in dry-

ing, pale green and indistinctly impressed-puncticulate above, pale

brown and dotted with small dark glands beneath; inflorescence

axillary, the axis either abortive and 1 mm. long, or elongate and

leafy; flowering branches 2, 3-5.5 cm. long, opposite, arising from

the lowest nodes of the axis, filiform or very slender, terete at base,

gland-dotted, the peduncle distally enlarged and compressed, 2-2.5

cm. long, up to a little more than 1 mm. wide below the first node,

often more slender; flowers few, mostly 3-11, sessile on the axis and

at the tip or the lowest on lateral branches 3-6 mm. long; bracts and

bracteoles not seen; buds 4-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. thick, oblong or

constricted above the middle, prominently gland-dotted and obconic

above the broadly sessile base, obtusely pointed and rounded or ob-

scurely apiculate, the calyptra urceolate, 2-3 mm. long; style gla-

brous, 6-8 mm. long (often with a subglobose small gall near the

middle, the gall caused by a member of the Cynipidae); stamens

about 125, up to 5-6 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm. long; fruit

globose, 8 mm. in diameter, thickly glandular-verruculose. — The

FLORA OF PERU 609

Peruvian plant resembles the type of C. pulchella 5 parviflora Berg, in

Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1 : 516. 1859, namely Spruce's no. 2729 from near

Panure" on the Rio Vaupe"s. The type of C. pulchella var. pulchella,

a collection made by Martius in the State of Minas Geraes, has the

inflorescence and hypanthium sparsely red-strigose, but a compari-

son made at Munich in 1954 between this specimen and an isotype

of d parviflora indicates that these are conspecific. The Peruvian

specimens have larger buds than the plants collected by Martius and

Spruce; for notes on the varieties of this species see Mem. N. Y.

Bot. Card. 10: 76-77. 1958. F.M. Neg. 19897 (var. pulchella}.

Univ. of Mich. Neg. 1031 (var. parviflora).

Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1373. Timbuchi, Williams 959.

Southern Brazil; Amazonian lowlands, Brazil to Colombia.

Calyptranthes rufotomentosa McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29:

183. 1956.

A shrub, the inflorescence densely tomentose with dark reddish-

brown tangled hairs up to 1 mm. long; leaves glabrous, oblanceolate,

4-5 cm. wide, 15-21 cm. long, about 4 times as long as wide, nar-

rowly acuminate with blunt-pointed acumen, the margins attenuate

toward the base from above the middle, then abruptly narrowed and

passing into the ventral surface of the nearly terete, stout, dark gla-

brous petiole 3 mm. thick, 7 mm. long; midvein elevated above in a

flattened ridge or merely convex, elevated beneath its own thick-

ness; lateral veins 10-15 pairs, rather distant and without conspic-

ous intermediates, convex but not prominent above, more evident

beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, nearly straight,

prominent beneath, 3-4 mm. from margin; blades dark and lustrous

above, and obscurely impressed-punctate, the lower surface dull and

paler; inflorescence (not seen attached) about 6 cm. long, 3 times

compound, about 50-flowered, the flowers clustered toward the tips

of the branches, sessile; bracts scarious, glabrous or glabrescent dor-

sally, the larger ones linguaeform, 3 mm. wide, 8 mm. long, subper-

sistent; buds probably 3-4 mm. long before opening; hypanthium in

open flowers urceolate, 4 mm. long, rounded at base, 3-3.5 mm.

across the mouth, glabrous within, produced 1.5 mm. beyond the

summit of the ovary; calyptra conic, apiculate, 1 mm. high, 1.5-2

mm. across; stamens about 75, 2 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm. long;

style not seen; petals 3(?), narrow and slender-pointed, 0.6 mm. wide,

1.7 mm. long.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil (Amazonas, Sao Paulo de

Olivenca, Ducke 2240, type).

610 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calyptranthes ruiziana Berg, Linnaea 27: 22. 1855.

Shrub or small tree to 5 meters high, the branchlets not or very

narrowly winged, the branchlets, inflorescence and vegetative buds

thinly covered with yellowish- or reddish-brown fusiform appressed

dibrachiate hairs mostly about 0.3 mm. long (up to 0.6 mm. long

or more, on leaf -bases) ; lower leaf-surfaces with few dark hairs and

usually with rather numerous persistent pale appressed hairs; leaves

elliptic, 2.5-4 cm. wide, 5.5-10 cm. long, 2-3 times as long as wide,

acuminate, the base acute, the margins cuneately decurrent on the

stout petiole 1-1.3 mm. thick, 6-7 mm. long; midvein sulcate above,

prominent beneath; lateral veins 12-15 pairs or apparently more

because of the numerous parallel intermediate veins, obscure above,

somewhat elevated but not very prominent beneath; marginal vein

about equaling the laterals and little arched between them, 0.7-2 mm.

from the margin; blades smooth and somewhat lustrous, green or

drying brown above, impressed-puncticulate but this often obscure

in mature leaves; lower surface yellow-green or whitish, obscurely or

apparently not at all dotted; inflorescence axillary, the axis tangen-

tially flattened, glabrous, 2 mm. wide, very short or up to 10 mm.

long; flowering branches 2, from the lowest nodes, 3 times compound,

many-flowered, (4-) 6-10 cm. long, the panicle 4-5 cm. wide at base,

the branches opposite or alternate, the flowers sessile, aggregated

toward the tips of the branches and mostly in 3- to 10-flowered

clusters, these short-pedunculate except the terminal; bracts decid-

uous before anthesis; buds 2-2.5 mm. long, obovate, shortly apicu-

late or nearly rounded at tip, the base obconic, strigose; hypanthium

after dehiscence campanulate, 1.5-1.7 mm. long, the orifice 1.3-1.7

mm. wide in flower and fruit; calyptra concave, 1.3-1.7 mm. wide;

style 4-4.5 mm. long; stamens about 60, up to 5 mm. long, the an-

thers about 0.3 mm. long; fruit globose or oblate, 4-6 mm. in diam-

eter, thickly gland-dotted, the hypanthium prolonged into a short

neck more than 1 mm. wide and nearly 1 mm. long.

Loreto: Along Rio Itaya, Williams 175. Along Rio Mazan near

Iquitos, Williams 8148. — Without locality: Ruiz (type, in herb.

Berlin, not seen); Ruiz 5105 (probable isotype, herb. US ex herb.

Berlin ex herb. Lambert) .

Tentatively referred to this species, but with slightly larger,

nearly eglandular fruit, and narrower leaves, is Killip & Smith's

no. 29199, from San Lorenzo, Loreto, between mouths of Rio Pas-

taza and Rio Huallaga. A plant which will be found here in the key,

but perhaps represents another species, is Killip & Smith's no. 28293

FLORA OF PERU 611

(herb. NY), from between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, on the

lower Rio Huallaga. The leaves are up to 11 cm. wide and more

than 20 cm. long, with markedly impressed veins (including the

marginal and the 15 or more pairs of laterals). The lower panicle

branches are 5 cm. long. The calyptra is conic, apiculate, 1 mm.

long; fruit 6-7 mm. in diameter, with style 4.5 mm. long.

Calyptranthes sessilis McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 183. 1956.

A small shrub, glabrous except a few minute flat brownish hairs

at the base of the hypanthium; leaves ovate, cordate, sessile (the

broad compressed petiolar base up to 3 mm. long and wide), 4-7 cm.

wide, 9-12 cm. long, 1.8-2.5 times as long as wide; blades acuminate,

the acumen rounded at very tip; midvein prominent beneath, im-

pressed above; lateral veins about 15 pairs, impressed above; mar-

ginal vein impressed above, about equaling the laterals and arched

between them, 3-6 mm. from the margin, and with a smaller vein

parallel to it and between it and the margin; leaves dull in drying,

the upper surface obscurely glandular at maturity, the lower more

plainly gland-dotted; inflorescence axillary or falsely terminal, con-

sisting of paired narrow panicles 6 cm. long, these opposite and aris-

ing from the two sides of a primordium in the axil of each of the

terminal leaves; panicles sometimes bracteate at base, the bracts

lanceolate, keeled, 3 mm. wide, 6 mm. long; peduncle 2-3 cm. long,

somewhat compressed and 1.7 mm. wide below the first node; nodes

about 5, somewhat irregular, the lower ones bearing paired pedicel-

late clusters of 3 flowers each, or all nodes with the pedicels 1-flow-

ered and opposite or subopposite; bracteoles and bracts (except the

basal) not seen; flowers sessile, or on stout pedicels up to 2 mm. long,

0.5 mm. thick; buds fusiform, 6-7 mm. long and 2 mm. thick, taper-

ing about equally to the slender hypanthium and the cylindrical apex,

or somewhat abruptly contracted into the beak; operculum 4-4.5

mm. long; petals none; style 8.5 mm. long; stamens 60-75, about

8 mm. long; anthers broadly elliptic, about 1 mm. long; fruit globose,

7 mm. thick; seed 6 mm. long, the radicle about half as long, com-

pressed to one side of the cotyledons. — Calyptranthes spruceana Berg,

in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 45. 1857, based on Spruce 1551 from the

lower Rio Negro, is very similar. In that species, however, the buds

are said to be globose and 5 mm. in diameter, the leaves are obtusely

rounded at the tips, the veins are not impressed on the upper sur-

face, and the fruits are more clustered near the tips of the inflores-

cence. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 446.

612 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 4583 (F, type); Killip & Smith

27603.

Calyptranthes Simula ta McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 184.

1956.

Shrub or tree to 9 meters high, the inflorescence [and probably

the vegetative buds and young leaves and branchlets] with a thin

covering of flat fusiform yellowishTbrown appressed hairs mostly

about 0.2-0.3 mm. long, a few similar hairs persisting on the lower

leaf-surface; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 3.5-6 cm. wide and 9-15 cm.

long, or on vigorous branches 7-8 cm. wide, 18-25 cm. long, all 2.5-

3 (-3.6) times as long as wide, somewhat narrowed toward the apex

from the middle or below and prominently triangular-acuminate,

gradually rounded to the subcuneate base, the margins decurrent on

the stout dark petiole 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, 7-12 mm. long; midvein

broadly sulcate above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 20-25 or

more pairs in addition to several intermediate ones, all slender,

slightly raised on both surfaces, prominulous beneath; marginal vein

similar to the laterals and arched between them, 2-3 (-5) mm. from

margin, a very fine submarginal vein visible beyond it; blades dry-

ing green, the upper surface smooth and impressed-puncticulate, the

lower yellow-green, dull, finely dark-dotted; inflorescence axillary,

the short axis much flattened tangentially, up to 3 mm. wide and

about 4 mm. long, the paired flowering branches from the lowest

node, 6-11 cm. long, the peduncle 1.5-2 (-4) cm. long, somewhat

angled or compressed, 1.5-2 mm. wide below the first node; panicle

narrow, or broader and loosely many-flowered, 3 to 4 times com-

pound, the lower branches up to 3-5 cm. long; flowers numerous,

sessile, mostly in 3's on short peduncles along the branches and near

the tips; branches opposite or mostly alternate; bracts deciduous

before anthesis; buds 2-2.5 mm. long, obovoid, turbinate and more

or less rufous-strigose near base, and often arachnoid-whitened as

well, the apex rounded or shortly apiculate; hypanthium after de-

hiscence broadly campanulate, 1.3-1.5 mm. long, the orifice about

1.5 mm. wide; calyptra explanate, 1.3-2 mm. wide; style 5-6 mm.

long or a little less; stamens 40-50, 4-6 mm. long, the anthers 0.3 mm.

long. — This species is known only from specimens in which the flow-

ering branches are borne in the terminal axils of the twigs, on old

wood or what appears to have been a vigorous shoot of the preced-

ing season. The normal size and shape of the leaves on average

twigs cannot be determined with certainty, nor can the winged or

non-winged condition of the young branchlets be ascertained. It is

FLORA OF PERU 613

possible that this plant is conspecific with Calyptranthes tessmannii,

which it resembles in many respects. From the specimens at hand,

however, the two are abundantly separable by many characters.

Loreto:'lquitos, Aug. 2-8, 1929, Killip & Smith 26916, 27352.

Iquitos, Tessmann 5372 (G); Peru-Colombia boundary, forest near

Rio Putumayo, Sept. 26-Oct. 10, 1930, G. King 1614 (MICH, type).

A collection from Tarapoto, San Martin, Williams 6539, is prob-

ably the same species; it bears immature globose or oblate fruit about

1 cm. in diameter; the pubescence is exactly that of C. simulata and

the leaves are very like those of that species except that the lateral

veins are hardly more than 15 pairs; the fertile axis is continuous

and leafy and the flowering branch is lateral from its base.

Calyptranthes speciosa Sagot, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 6, 20: 187.

1885, var. gigantifolia (McVaugh) McVaugh, Mem. N. Y. Bot.

Card. 10: 79. 1958. C. gigantifolia McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29:

181. 1956.

Tree up to 20 meters high, the inflorescence densely appressed

pubescent with coarse rufous mostly dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm.

long, the leaves glabrous or pubescent beneath especially when young

with a few pale flaccid hairs or with a few dibrachiate hairs inter-

mixed; leaves elliptic or oblong, 6-15 cm. wide, 14-38 cm. long, 2.5-4

times as long as wide, rather abruptly narrowed at both ends, the

tip narrowly acuminate, the base rounded and the margins decur-

rent on the stout petiole 8-12 mm. long, 1.5-3.5 mm. thick; mid vein

and usually the marginal vein impressed above, all veins prominent

beneath; lateral veins 20-30 pairs; marginal vein continuous, about

equaling the laterals and somewhat arched between them, 2-4 mm.

from the nearly plane margin, usually with a smaller outer vein be-

yond it; leaves often browning in drying, the upper surface smooth,

sparingly and often obscurely impressed-puncticulate, the lower sur-

face gland-dotted; inflorescence axillary and usually 4 times com-

pound, often appearing supra-axillary when the central axis elongates

and becomes leafy, or terminal when no more than one axillary bud

develops at a terminal node; basal and longest branches of the pan-

icle 3 times compound, 6-10 cm. long with up to 100 flowers, divari-

cately branched, the branches compressed and up to 2 mm. wide

below the nodes; buds 3-5 mm. long, sessile, obovate, rounded or

obscurely apiculate at tips, clustered near the tips of the branchlets;

calyptra about half as high as the persistent hypanthium; bracts and

bracteoles mostly deciduous before anthesis, lanceolate to ovate,

1-2.5 mm. long or the lowest bracts persistent, foliaceous, ovate,

614 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

1.5 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide; style apparently defective in all flowers

seen, 1-1.5 mm. long; stamens 150-175, about 5 mm. long, cream-

color or golden-yellow (Klug), the anthers about 0.5 mm. long; fruit

globose, not seen mature, but by analogy with related species prob-

ably 8-10 mm. in diameter. — Colombian specimens collected by

Mutis (nos. 1940, 2234, 2951, 3961, and 5754) appear to belong to

this variety also. Also closely related is Calyptranthes macrophylla

Berg, based on Poeppig 2739, from Ega, Brazil. This latter species,

however, differs markedly in leaf-characters: its leaves are more

coriaceous, acute rather than acuminate, less prominently veined;

the marginal vein is close to the margin and not impressed above;

the lower surface is densely pubescent with minute appressed pale

hairs and with numerous dibrachiate hairs intermixed. In this last

respect C. macrophylla agrees precisely with C. speciosa var. speciosa

of the Guianas. C. gigantifolia is scarcely distinguishable from typ-

ical C. speciosa and surely does not merit recognition as a distinct

species. Its leaves are glabrous or nearly so beneath (densely and

finely pubescent, as noted above, in C. speciosa) ; the midvein is im-

pressed on the upper surface (in C. speciosa sometimes impressed but

more often plane or convex) ; the marginal vein lies 2-4 mm. from the

margin (as against usually less than 1 mm. in C. speciosa) ; the flowers

in C. gigantifolia appear to be somewhat larger than those of C. speci-

osa and with more numerous stamens (150-175 as against 80), but

seem otherwise indistinguishable. The inflorescence in the two

plants, with its somewhat unusual supernumerary branches, appears

to be identical. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 486.

San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4277 (US, type). — Loreto: Florida,

Klug 2332, 2347. Bolivia, Amazonian Colombia.

Calyptranthes tessmannii Burret, in herb., ex McVaugh,

Fieldiana Bot. 29: 184. 1956.

A shrub or tree, the branchlets and vegetative buds, inflorescence

and petioles loosely appressed pubescent with yellow-brown fusi-

form dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, a few hairs persisting

on the lower surface of the leaves, especially on the mid veins; branch-

lets narrowly wing-angled, the wings arising above the axil at one

node and terminating between the leaf-bases at the node above, the

terminal auricle wider than the wing, up to 0.5 mm. wide, 1.7-2.5

mm. long; leaves elliptic, 3-4.5 cm. wide, 8-11.5 cm. long, about 2.5

times as long as wide, nearly equally rounded to both ends, the tip

abruptly and caudately acuminate, the acumen 3 mm. wide at base,

1.3-2.5 cm. long; base of blade acute or slightly rounded, the mar-

FLORA OF PERU 615

gins cuneately decurrent on the stout petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 8-10

mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral

veins about 15 pairs, slightly elevated on both surfaces, prominu-

lous beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched

between them, prominulous beneath, 1-2.5 mm. from margin, with

a faint submarginal vein sometimes discernible beyond it; blades

dark or dull green above, smooth and impressed-punctate, the lower

surface paler, yellowish-green, dotted with small glands; fertile

branches leafy, axillary, the primary axis 5 mm. long or less, tan-

gentially much flattened, 3 mm. wide below the first node, from

which arise the 2 opposite narrow panicles 5-10 cm. long and up to

2.5 cm. wide at base; peduncle 2-3.5 cm. long, somewhat com-

pressed, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide below the first node; lower branches

about 1.5 cm. long, 10-flowered, the branches from the upper nodes

shorter, often alternate, the flowers sessile, fewer, in short-peduncu-

late clusters; bracts narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 3 mm. long,

partly persistent until anthesis; buds 3-3.5 mm. long, fusiform, ap-

pressed brown-hairy, the narrow apiculate tip 1 mm. long (up to

2 mm. on the calyptra after dehiscence) ; calyptra about 2 mm. wide,

the hypanthium after dehiscence broadly infundibuliform or cam-

panulate, less than 2 mm. long; style 6 mm. long; stamens about 50,

as long as the style, attached about at the line of dehiscence and

falling almost with the calyptra; anthers about 0.3 mm. long.—

F.M. Neg. 23395.

Loreto: Stromgebiet des Maranon von Iquitos aufwarts bis zur

Santiago-Miindung am Pongo de Manseriche, ca. 77° 30' west, G.

Tessmann 4832 in 1924 (G, type).

Calyptranthes tridymantha Diels, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.

48: 188. 1907.

Shrub 3-9 meters high, loosely tomentose on the young branch-

lets and vegetative buds and inflorescence, with golden-yellow di-

brachiate hairs up to more than 1 mm. long, the basal stalk of the

hair erect and often as long as the spreading or ascending branches;

mature leaves often with a few hairs persisting beneath; branchlets

narrowly 2-winged, the wing up to 0.5 mm. wide, arising above the

axil at one node and terminating between the leaf-bases at the node

above, in an auricle-like prolongation 2 mm. long; leaves elliptic,

ovate, or occasionally obovate, 2-3.5 cm. wide, 3-5.5 cm. long, 1.8-

2.4 times as long as wide, the apex rounded to obscurely and bluntly

acuminate, the base rounded, or somewhat narrowed from below

the middle and abruptly contracted to the very base, the margins

616 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

shortly decurrent on the petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 2-2.5 mm. long;

midvein impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 10-12

pairs, slightly elevated and visible on both sides, but very slender

and with numerous intermediate veins nearly the same size; mar-

ginal vein distinctly double, the inner about equaling the laterals

and slightly arched between them, 1-1.5 mm. from margin; leaves

dull green and obscurely or not at all impressed-puncticulate above,

pale brown beneath, the glands not or scarcely apparent; inflores-

cence axillary, the axis abortive, the flowering branches 2, 3-5 cm.

long, each few- (about 9-) flowered, opposite from the lowest nodes,

tomentose and very minutely gland-dotted, the peduncle 2-2.5 cm.

long, slightly compressed distally and about 1 mm. wide near sum-

mit; lateral secondary branches usually a single pair, 6-20 mm. long;

flowers sessile, in terminal triads; bracts deciduous before anthesis,

subfoliaceous, less than 1 cm. long; bracteoles not seen; buds prob-

ably about 5 mm. long, shortly apiculate; calyptriform calyx [i.e.,

the calyptra?] 2-2.5 mm. across (Diels); style longer than the sta-

mens; stamens 6 mm. long, white (Diels) ; petals none. — A distinctive

species by virtue of the golden-yellow tomentum of erect, stalked

and branched hairs. F.M. Neg. 23396.

Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5549. Ama-

zonian Brazil.

3. MYRCIA DC.

Reference: Berg, Linnaea 27: 35-80, 82-129. 1855-1856; and in

Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 59-143, 150-210. 1857.

Calyx-lobes 5 (rarely 4), distinct and imbricated in bud and in

flower, and usually persistent on the fruit; hypanthium variously or

not at all prolonged beyond the summit of the ovary. Petals usu-

ally 5, often half as long as the stamens or longer, and conspicuous.

Inflorescence-axis usually prolonged, with several pairs of lateral

branches.

A large genus of tropical America; Myrcia DC. and Aulomyrcia

Berg, according to Berg, together comprised more than 400 species.

The supposed distinction between these two groups lies in the hypan-

thium, which in Myrcia is described as "scarcely produced beyond

the ovary, and constricted beneath the calyx," and in Aulomyrcia

is described as "strongly produced beyond the ovary, but not con-

stricted beneath the calyx." Although numerous species can be

assigned to one genus or the other on the basis of this character,

it seems quite impossible to apply the character generally because

FLORA OF PERU 617

various other species occupy positions intermediate between the ex-

tremes, and the placement of a given species in Myrcia rather than

Aulomyrcia, or the reverse, can hardly be made objectively. I have

therefore followed Bentham, in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. 1: 716.

1865; Kiaerskou, Enum. Myrt. Bras. 63. 1893; and Urban, Bot.

Jahrb. 19: 577-582. 1895, in relegating Aulomyrcia to synonymy.

Leaves sessile, cordate.

Leaves ovate, 13-17 cm. wide, 1.7-2 times as long as wide, the

veins impressed above; inflorescence decompound, stout, 20

cm. long or more; buds 7 mm. long or more; northeastern

Peru (Loreto) M. obumbrans

Leaves lanceolate, 3.5-5 cm. wide, 2.5^4 times as long as wide,

the lateral veins not impressed above; inflorescence few-

flowered, 4-7 cm. long; buds 4-6 mm. long; northern Bolivia

(La Paz) M. connata

Leaves definitely petiolate, cuneate or rounded at base or occasion-

ally subcordate.

Inflorescence at anthesis (and usually in fruit) conspicuously

bracteate, the bracts ovate, pointed, 6-12 mm. long; calyx-

lobes 2.5-6 mm. long, lanceolate or ovate, much longer than

wide; branchlets long-hirsute.

Hairs of branchlets reddish-brown, up to 3.5 mm. long; calyx-

lobes 4, the larger ones 6 mm. long M. huallagae

Hairs of branchlets yellowish-brown, up to 2 mm. long; calyx-

lobes 5, rarely 4, the larger ones 2.5-4 mm. long.

M . bracteata

Inflorescence with small inconspicuous bracts which are deciduous

before the flowers open or occasionally at least in part per-

sistent; calyx-lobes 3 mm. long or usually less, rounded to

sub-truncate or triangular, mostly as wide as, or wider than,

long; branchlets various.

Leaves 2.5-7 cm. long, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, mostly

5-6 times as long as wide, blunt- tipped M. salicifolia

Leaves broader, usually larger and not more than 3 times as

long as wide, if narrow and elongate the tips acuminate or

narrowly acute.

Summit of the ovary, and interior of the prolonged and cup-

like hypanthium, glabrous; fruit usually globose, 5-6 mm.

in diameter.

618 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Outer surface of the hypanthium glabrous, the branches of

the inflorescence glabrous or sparingly pubescent.

Leaves small, less than 3 cm. long, elliptic to obovate,

rounded to blunt-pointed at tip, mostly cuneate at

base; inflorescence 3-4 cm. long, often exceeding the

leaves; flowers mostly 11 or fewer. . .M. myrtillifolia

Leaves mostly 4-10 cm. long, elliptic or ovate, rarely

obovate; inflorescence larger, if as little as 5 cm.

long then equaling or shorter than the leaves;

flowers usually more numerous.

Pubescence of inflorescence and young vegetative

growth rufous; plant often drying reddish-brown

or nearly black; glandular dots inconspicuous or

scarcely apparent on the upper leaf-surface, or

impressed-punctate.

Buds 2.5-3.5 mm. long; inflorescence glabrous or

nearly so, only the bracts and leaf-buds pubes-

cent; plants green to reddish-brown in drying.

M. yungasensis

Buds 1.7-2.5 mm. long; inflorescence thinly ap-

pressed-pubescent except the hypanthium;

plants often blackening in drying . M. amazonica

Pubescence silvery-white or yellowish-white, the plant

drying bright green; glandular dots abundant and

conspicuous on both leaf-surfaces (inconspicuous

in some Peruvian specimens); inflorescence gla-

brous or nearly so; buds 2 mm. long or less.

M. multiflora

Outer surface of the hypanthium and branches of the in-

florescence pubescent.

Hairs of the hypanthium flexuous, rufous or white-tipped;

calyx-lobes membranous, bluntly triangular, less

than 1 mm. long and wide, separate and imbricate,

with evident sinuses between them . . M. mathewsiana

Hairs of the hypanthium somewhat stiff and appressed,

yellowish or pale reddish ; calyx as a whole truncate,

the individual lobes thickened and glandular-ver-

ruculose, about 1.5 mm. wide and 0.5 mm. high,

together appearing as a 5-notched ring at the sum-

mit of the hypanthium M . aliena

FLORA OF PERU 619

Summit of the ovary and usually the interior of the hypan-

thium hairy; hypanthium variously or not at all pro-

longed beyond the ovary, the center of the flower thus

flat or variously depressed; fruit various.

Outer surface of the hypanthium glabrous, the entire plant

glabrous or nearly so; fruiting hypanthium prolonged

into a neck 2 mm. long at the apex of the fruit.

M. subglabra

Outer surface of the hypanthium hairy, usually strongly so;

fruiting hypanthium, as far as known, not prolonged

into a neck.

Inflorescence slender, the axis often terete or, if com-

pressed, mostly less than 1.5 mm. wide (measured

just below the lowest branches) ; small-flowered spe-

cies, the disk 1-2 (rarely to 2.5) mm. wide; fruit

ellipsoid or oblong, 5-9 mm. long.

Inflorescence 7- to 10- (rarely 20-) flowered, once-

compound, the slender terete axis 1 mm. thick,

3-10 cm. long; plant hirsute with spreading

brownish-yellow hairs up to 1.5 mm. long.

M. poeppigiana

Inflorescence many-flowered, 3 to 4 times compound;

axis terete or somewhat compressed, if hirsute the

hairs ascending or appressed, 1 mm. long or less.

Leaves impressed-punctate above even at maturity;

lateral veins scarcely or not at all apparent

above; inflorescence with minute mostly erect

• hairs 0.1 mm. long and usually with some

longer hairs as well.

Leaves mostly lanceolate, rounded at base, abun-

dantly and conspicuously punctate; petiole

3 mm. long or less M. sylvatica

Leaves elliptic to lanceolate or ovate, mostly cune-

ate at base, punctate but at maturity often

inconspicuously so; petiole 4-6 mm. long.

M. paivae

Leaves not impressed-punctate above; lateral veins

apparent above; inflorescence sometimes nearly

glabrous, usually uniformly strigose to hirsute

620 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

with appressed or ascending hairs up to 0.5-

1 mm. long.

Petioles 5-7 mm. long; leaves cuneate or some-

what rounded at base; [slender or depau-

perate forms of] M. fallax

Petioles 1-3 (-4) mm. long; leaves appearing sub-

sessile, rounded and often cordate-auriculate

at base M . splendens

Inflorescence relatively stout, the axis and branches com-

pressed or strongly flattened; axis at least 1.5 mm.

wide (often 2.5-4 mm. wide) (measured just below

the lowest branches); flowers small or large; fruit

various.

Calyx in bud and in fruit truncate as seen from the

side, much shorter than the globe of the petals

before anthesis; calyx-lobes one-half to one-third

as long as wide, with truncated or slightly rounded

distal margins, forming a nearly straight band en-

circling the summit of the hairy hemispheric or

broadly cup-shaped hypanthium; center of flower

depressed, the hypanthium prolonged up to 2 mm.

beyond the summit of the ovary, the cavity hairy

or in M. aliena nearly glabrous.

Buds 2-2.5 mm. long or less; disk 2-2.5 mm. wide;

calyx-lobes 0.3-0.5 mm. high, usually fleshy and

often glandular-verruculose on the back.

Inflorescence pale-strigose, the plants nearly gla-

brous at maturity; lateral veins not impressed

above, smooth and inconspicuous beneath;

petals glabrous or essentially so .... M. aliena

Inflorescence, and the whole plant, more or less

velutinous with brownish red hairs; lateral

veins impressed above, conspicuous and hairy

beneath; petals glabrous or strigose without.

M. directa

Buds 4-5 mm. long; disk 4 mm. wide; petals ap-

pressed-silky without; calyx-lobes thin-edged

(sometimes sparingly roughened on the back),

1.3-1.5 mm. high M. neesiana

Calyx-margin not truncate, the lobes together not form-

ing a recognizable unit but individually spreading,

FLORA OF PERU 621

with evident sinuses between them; lobes broadly

rounded or triangular, as long as wide or only two-

thirds as long as wide; center of the flower vari-

ously depressed or quite flat.

Inner surface of the calyx-lobes glabrous or with a

few scattered hairs, often with large glandular

dots; small-flowered species, the disk 1.3-2

(rarely -2.5) mm. wide; style (as far as known)

5 mm. long or less.

Upper leaf-surface with 5-8 large convex glandu-

lar dots per square mm.; principal veins, in-

cluding the midvein and the marginal vein,

impressed; inflorescence sparingly pubescent,

markedly glandular; stamens 250-300.

M. pertusa

Upper leaf-surface without apparent glands, or

with minute impressed glands; veins not im-

pressed, or sometimes the laterals or the mid-

vein somewhat so; inflorescence glabrous to

hirsute; stamens 200 or fewer.

Upper surface of the leaves thickly but minutely

impressed-puncticulate; lateral veins (15-)

20-25 pairs; inflorescence hirsutulous, often

branching from the base and then appear-

ing fasciculate, the main axis often 1 cm.

long or less, flattened M . fascicularis

Leaves not impressed-puncticulate, usually

without apparent glands at maturity; lat-

eral veins 10-15 pairs; inflorescence vari-

ously pubescent or nearly glabrous, the

main axis usually much longer than 1 cm.,

and without basal branches.

Lateral veins impressed, 10-12 pairs, much

stronger than the intermediate ones;

midvein hairy, flat or somewhat convex

above; inflorescence hirsute with yellow-

ish hairs up to 1 mm. long; hypanthium

elongate in bud, with about 10 narrow

longitudinal ridges contrasting in color

to the densely yellow-hairy intervals.

M. ambivalens

622 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Lateral veins not impressed, often slightly

elevated in drying, about 12-15 pairs,

often little stronger than the intermedi-

ate ones; mid vein glabrous or pubescent,

sulcate or slightly impressed; inflores-

cence sparingly short-pubescent (rarely

hirsutulous) ; hypanthium narrowly conic

in bud, not ridged.

Petioles 5-7 mm. long; leaves cuneate or

somewhat rounded at base . . M. fallax

Petioles 4-5 mm. long; leaves rounded and

often cordate-auriculate at base; [vig-

orous forms of] M. splendens

Inner surface of the calyx-lobes appressed-pubescent;

small- or large-flowered species; style various.

Lower leaf-surface finely bullate, the raised areas

occupying the small intervals between the

reticulate veinlets, and coalescing so as to

obscure the surface of the veinlets; pubescence

of inflorescence soft, ochraceous or rusty.

M. deflexa

Lower leaf-surface smooth or verruculose, not

bullate; pubescence various.

Branches of the inflorescence, and the hypan-

thium, abundantly tomentose or hirsutu-

lous with reddish hairs; [see also M.

platycaula'(p. 641), in which the hypan-

thium is covered with rufous-tawny straight

hairs, and M. directa, in which the calyx-

lobes are only 0.3-0.5 mm. long].

Inflorescence rufous- tomentose; leaves 10-15

cm. long, broadly and bluntly acuminate,

or obtusely pointed, lustrous and nearly

glabrous beneath, with prominent large

glands M. atrorufa

Inflorescence pale rufous-hirsutulous with

hairs of different lengths intermixed;

leaves 12-26 cm. long, abruptly acumi-

nate, dull and pale beneath, eglandular

but with numerous appressed hairs.

M . egensis

FLORA OF PERU 623

Branches of the inflorescence, and the hypan-

thium, with white or yellow, appressed or

spreading, mostly straight hairs; hairs

sometimes confined to the hypanthium, and

then occasionally reddish or tawny.

Lateral veins, and often the marginal vein

also, impressed on the upper leaf-surface;

[see also M. madida, a large-leaved spe-

cies in which the lateral veins may dry

as fine lines slightly below the surface

level].

Leaves hirsute beneath, at least on the

veins, with soft yellow hairs up to

1 mm. long; inflorescence similarly

hirsute with spreading or ascending

hairs; lateral veins about 10 (rarely

-15) pairs; disk 3-3.5 mm. wide.

M. mollis

Leaves sparingly appressed-pubescent be-

neath, or with a few long hairs on the

veins; inflorescence sparingly hispidu-

lous to appressed-pubescent with short

hairs; lateral veins mostly more than

15 pairs.

Leaves rounded, obtuse, or emarginate

at apex, middle-sized (mostly less

than 15 cm. long), relatively broad

(mostly not more than twice as long

as wide).

Calyx-lobes about 1 mm. long; leaves

rounded or emarginate at apex,

1.3-1.5 times as long as wide; in-

florescence and branchlets spar-

ingly hairy M. fasciata

Calyx-lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; leaves

rounded to obtuse or obscurely

apiculate, about twice as long as

wide; inflorescence and branchlets

velutinous M. dispar

Leaves markedly acuminate or acute,

mostly larger (16-27 cm. long ex-

624 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

cept in one species), relatively nar-

row (mostly 2-4 times as long as

wide).

Leaves middle-sized, less than 15 cm.

long, nearly sessile, the petioles

1.5-2 mm. long; blades bullate

above in drying, the 15-20 pairs

of ladder-like veins alternating

with elongate raised and convex

surface areas; marginal vein in-

conspicuous beneath, the lateral

veins prominent near the midvein

only; small-flowered species, the

disk 1.5-2 mm. wide . M.fenestrata

Leaves larger, 16-27 cm. long, the peti-

oles 3-8 mm. long; blades flat in

drying; lateral and marginal veins

all very prominent beneath; large-

flowered species, the disk 3-4 mm.

wide.

Leaves appressed-pubescent beneath ;

midvein sulcate above; flowers

aggregated on very short angu-

lar branchlets; hypanthium

strongly angled in drying, whit-

ened by thick felted hairs.

M. pentagona

Leaves nearly glabrous and mark-

edly verruculose beneath; mid-

vein forming a narrow ridge

above; inflorescence loosely

branched, the flowers mostly in

3's on slender branchlets; hy-

panthium conic, strigose.

M. crassimarginata

Lateral and marginal veins not impressed on

the upper surface, usually slightly raised

in drying.

Leaves hirsute beneath, at least on the

veins, with soft yellow hairs up to

1 mm. long; inflorescence similarly hir-

FLORA OF PERU 625

sute with spreading or ascending hairs;

disk (2.5-) 3-3.5 mm. wide; lateral

veins about 10 (rarely -15) pairs.

M. mollis

Leaves appressed-pubescent or nearly gla-

brous beneath; inflorescence appressed-

pubescent or short-hirsutulous (the

hairs less than 0.5 mm. long) ; disk and

lateral veins various.

Flowers aggregated near the tips of the

panicle-branches, those of the ter-

minal clusters sessile or on very short

stout pedicels up to 1 mm. long and

nearly as thick; disk 3 mm. wide or

less.

Hypanthium whitened with very short

pale felted hairs; disk 2.5-3 mm.

wide; leaves 18-23 cm. long; buds

4-4.5 mm. long M. madida

Hypanthium covered thinly by ap-

pressed short silky hairs; disk 2-

2.5 mm. wide; leaves 7-14 cm.

long; buds 3 mm. long.

M. concava

Lateral flowers of the terminal clusters

on slender pedicels 2-6 mm. long;

disk 3-4 mm. wide; leaves 16 cm.

long or less, with 10-15 pairs of

lateral veins.

Branches of the inflorescence short-

hirsutulous; marginal vein about

as strong as the laterals, strongly

arched between them.

M. albobrunnea

Branches of the inflorescence ap-

pressed-strigose or nearly gla-

brous; lateral veins diminishing

distally and usually not forming a

distinct marginal vein.

M. dichasialis

626 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Myrcia albobrunnea McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 187. 1956.

Tree 3-8 meters high, the inflorescence, branchlets, and petioles

short-hirsutulous with stiff, erect, pale yellowish hairs 0.3 mm. long

(these appressed, and up to 0.5 mm. long on vegetative buds, hypan-

thium, and lower surfaces of leaves); leaves ovate, 4-7 cm. wide,

9-16 cm. long, 2-2.5 times as long as wide, short-acuminate, the

base rounded, the margins prolonged, raised above the surface, in-

closing a space where decurrent on the stout petiole 1.5-2.5 mm.

thick, 4-6 mm. long; mid vein sulcate and hairy above near base,

plane or convex near tip, prominent beneath; lateral veins 10-15,

with some intermediate veins nearly equaling them, rather obscure

above, prominulous beneath; marginal vein about equaling the lat-

erals and arched between them, 1.5-3 mm. from margin (or in the

largest leaves 3-6 mm. from margin and more strongly arched);

blades darkening in drying, smooth and lustrous above, dull and yel-

lowish-green and rather prominently appressed-pubescent beneath;

glands not apparent; inflorescence an axillary or falsely terminal pan-

icle 6-10 cm. long, rather regularly twice (or partly 3 times) com-

pound, the axis and main branches flattened, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide below

the first node; branches mostly opposite and divaricate, the flowers

in 3's or sometimes solitary on short lateral branches, the lateral

pair of the triads usually on pedicels 2-3.5 mm. long and markedly

more slender than the branches from which they arise; bracts and

bracteoles apparently deciduous before anthesis; buds 3.5-4 mm.

long, obovate, the hypanthium obconic, densely hairy, about as long

as the calyx; calyx-lobes 5, broadly rounded, pubescent without and

densely appressed-pubescent within, 2.5 mm. wide, 1.5-2 mm. long;

disk about 4 mm. wide, hirsute, deeply sunken (1 mm.) in center;

style 7.5-8 mm. long, hairy near base or half its length; stamens

about as long as the style or longer, more than 200, the anthers 0.3

mm. long; petals white, obovate, about 5 mm. long, hairy outside;

flowers white and brown (Klug). — This species strongly resembles

M. dichasialis, a native also of the vicinity of Iquitos. The present

species differs from M. dichasialis in having the branchlets markedly

hirsutulous rather than glabrous or sparingly appressed-strigose.

The flowers in M. albobrunnea are slightly larger than in M. dichasi-

alis, the leaves are less markedly reticulate on the upper surface, the

midvein is hairy above, and the marginal vein is distinct although

strongly arched; the lateral flowers of the terminal triads are more

conspicuously pedicellate in M. dichasialis than in M. albobrunnea.

Univ. of Mich. Neg. 458.

FLORA OF PERU 627

Loreto: Iquitos, 100 meters, woods, Killip & Smith 27006, Aug. 3-

11, 1929. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, forest, G. King 1080, Feb.-Mar.,

1930 (US, type).

Myrcia aliena McVaugh, nom. nov. Aulomyrcia chilensis Berg,

Linnaea 27: 38. 1855, not Myrcia chilensis Berg, 1855.

A tree 4-8 meters high, nearly glabrous at maturity; the young

growth, inflorescence, leaf -buds and base of hypanthium strigose with

lustrous yellowish or pale reddish hairs up to 0.4 mm. long; leaves

elliptic, or widest above the middle, 2-5 cm. wide, 5-12 cm. long

(on shoots 6 by 15 cm.), mostly 2.3-3 times as long as wide; blades

narrowed about equally to a conspicuous often curved acumen 1-2

cm. long and to the base, where merging into a petiole 6-10 mm.

long, 1 mm. thick; midvein impressed above, prominent beneath;

lateral veins 12-20 pairs; marginal vein about equaling the laterals,

arcuate between them, and 1-2 mm. from margin; glandular dots

inconspicuous at maturity of leaves; inflorescence (4-) 6-10 cm. long,

regularly 3 or 4 times compound, the branches opposite or suboppo-

site, the flowers 70 or fewer; bracts deciduous at anthesis, reddish,

lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long; bracteoles similar, linear, 1-2 mm. long;

buds obconic, 2-2.5 mm. long, the hypanthium densely yellow-stri-

gose with appressed hairs; calyx-lobes low, truncate, thickened, fleshy

and verruculose-roughened by their internal glands, the calyx form-

ing a 5-notched ring about 0.5 mm. high at the summit of the hypan-

thium, the lobes individually about 1.5 mm. wide, ciliate; petals pale

yellow, rounded, broad-based, 3 mm. long; anthers 0.3 mm. long;

styles at anthesis 1.7 mm. long. — All the collections studied are in

bud or with a few flowers in early anthesis; the very short style,

and the apparently imperfect development of the hypanthium, in

these flowers, suggests that this species is partly or completely dioe-

cious. The original specimens of Poeppig, and those of Mathews,

agree well with more recently collected series in all respects (includ-

ing the very distinctive calyx) except that the leaves are smaller

(rarely exceeding 5 cm. in length), short-acuminate, and relatively

somewhat broader. F.M. Neg. 23315.

San Martin: San Roque, 1,350-1,500 meters, Williams 7310, 7390.

Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,200-1,600 meters, Klug 3264, 3471. —

Huanuco: Between Tingo Maria and Pucallpa, Ferreyra 993. Shapa-

jilla, near Tingo Maria, Ferreyra 1583. Honolulo, near Tingo Maria,

Ferreyra 2286. Montes sylvat. ad Cassapi, Poeppig 1696 [= Poeppig

628 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

133], type. Cassapi,1 Mathews 1957. Cuchero, Poeppig Add. 59

(herb. Wien). "Urcu Pichi," "Urcu-Yspi" (Williams). Bolivia;

Amazonian Brazil; coastal Ecuador. The name Aulomyrcia chilen-

sis was given because Berg erroneously assumed that a part of

Poeppig' s original material had been collected in that country.

Two collections from near Pongo de Manseriche, Tessmann 4297

(G; NY) and 4698 (G) are referred to this species with some ques-

tion. The specimens are larger than usual in M. aliena, with buds

3.5-4 mm. long, the disk 3.5 mm. wide, the inflorescence up to 20 cm.

long, and the leaves up to 10 cm. wide and 25 cm. long.

Myrcia amazonica DC. Prodr. 3: 250. 1828. M. corymbosa

DC. I.e. 252. M. elegans DC. I.e. 251. M. lauriflora DC. I.e. 252.

M. nigrescens DC. I.e. 246. M. spixiana DC. I.e. 251. Aulomyrcia

amazonica (DC.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 41. 1855. A. corymbosa (DC.)

Berg, I.e. Calyptromyrcia elegans (DC.) Berg, I.e. 34. A. lauriflora

(DC.) Berg, I.e. 64. A. nigrescens (DC.) Berg, I.e. 71. C. spixiana

(DC.) Berg, I.e. 35. A. paraensis Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1:

76. 1857. A. pruinosa Berg, in Mart. I.e. 114. A. spruceana Berg,

in Mart. I.e. 76.

A tree or large shrub, blackening in drying at least in the inflo-

rescence; inflorescence and young growth thinly appressed-pubescent

with red or pale hairs up to 0.3 mm. long, the leaves mostly glabrous

except the petiole and the mid vein below; leaves coriaceous, elliptic

or long-pointed, (2-) 2.5-3.5 (-4) cm. wide, 4-10 cm. long, mostly

2.5-3 times as long as wide, often slenderly acuminate, the base

acute to rounded, the margins decurrent on the petiole 3-6 mm.

long; midvein impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 10-

12 pairs, indistinct above, sometimes slightly elevated, prominulous

beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched be-

tween them, 1-2 mm. from margin; blades usually dull, smooth and

black above, at least slightly impressed-punctate, the lower surface

reddish-brown, obscurely and finely dark-dotted; inflorescence up to

8-20 cm. long, 3 times compound, the many flowers sessile or short-

1 The sheets of Mathews 1957 at Paris and at Kew are without definite locality

data. Mr. Sandwith informs me that according to bound vol. no. xxii, pp. 233 and

250, of Miscellaneous Plant Lists at Kew, no. 1957 was received in June, 1835;

it was originally identified as "Myrtacea" and it came in the collection made at

Cassapi. A sheet at New York is numbered 1597, with the notation "Kew list

loc. Tarapoto." In Miscellaneous Plant Lists, vol. xxii, p. 230, at Kew, no. 1597

was provisionally identified as "Carapa??"; it was in the collection from Tarapoto,

received on May 9, 1835. Apparently the number on the New York specimen

became transposed, and the erroneous locality data were added later after con-

sultation of the records at Kew.

FLORA OF PERU 629

stalked in opposite or alternate pairs along the secondary branches,

or aggregated in 3's near the tips; bracts and bracteoles short, linear,

deciduous before anthesis; buds obovate, 1.7-2.5 mm. long; hypan-

thium campanulate or funnelform, glabrous; calyx-lobes 5, broadly

rounded, often somewhat unequal, up to 1 mm. wide, 0.5-1 mm.

long, ciliate-fringed, the inner surface glabrous or appressed-pubes-

cent; disk hollow, 1.5 mm. wide, glabrous except the staminal ring;

style glabrous, 3-4 mm. long; stamens 40-50, up to 5 mm. long, the

anthers 0.2 mm. long; petals obovate, 2 mm. wide, 2.5 mm. long;

fruit globose to oblate, 4 mm. high, 4-6 mm. across. — Plants of this

alliance, comprising one or possibly as many as 8 or 9 species are

known from various widely scattered localities in the lower Amazon

region, as far west as the Rio Negro and Rio Japura. Additional

research is needed to clarify their relationships, but it appears that

the names listed above in synonymy represent a single broadly inter-

preted species. The chiefly Peruvian Myrcia yungasensis (Aulo-

myrcia poeppigiana) is similar to M. amazonica but has somewhat

larger flowers, the inflorescence is glabrous or essentially so, and the

plants blacken but little in drying. Apparently M. amazonica proper

has not yet been reported from Peru. Specimens collected by Kru-

koff (nos. 5636 and 5705) near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Rio Acre,

Brazil, have the inflorescence-characters of M. amazonica but are

hardly at all blackened in drying, the leaves are short-acuminate,

hairy below, and with the midvein elevated above in a narrow median

line; unfortunately the plants are in young bud only; they may rep-

resent an undescribed species. F.M. Negs. 19753, 19770, 19780,

19808, 19827, 19838, 19846, 19864, 19866.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Myrcia ambivalens McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 188. 1956.

A shrub, the branchlets, inflorescence and petioles densely hirsute

with pale or deep yellow, slender flexuous hairs up to 1 mm. long, the

leaves sparingly pubescent with similar hairs; leaves ovate, elliptic,

or obovate, 3-6.5 cm. wide, 5-12 cm. long, mostly 2-2.5 times as

long as wide, tips abruptly and narrowly acuminate, lower half

narrowed from the middle and rounded toward the base, at very

base abruptly contracted to and very shortly decurrent on the com-

pressed channelled petiole 1-2 mm. wide, 3-4 mm. long; midvein

flat above or elevated in young leaves, hairy, prominent beneath;

lateral veins 10-12 pairs, strongly ascending, somewhat impressed

above, prominent beneath; marginal vein about equaling the lat-

erals and impressed like them, arched between them, 1-3 mm. from

630 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

margin; leaves nearly concolorous, greenish brown both sides, egland-

ular, the upper surface slightly lustrous; inflorescence a broad axillary

or falsely terminal panicle 6-8 cm. long and almost as wide, 3 times

compound, about 75-flowered, the flowers mostly aggregated near

tips; bracteoles deciduous before anthesis, lanceolate, pointed, 1-

1.5 mm. long; bracts probably similar, larger; buds 4 mm. long, the

corolla concealed until anthesis, the hypanthium elongate, enlarg-

ing distally, longitudinally about 10-ridged, the intervals between

the narrow darker ridges densely yellow-hairy and contrasting in

color; calyx-lobes 5, triangular, 1-1.5 mm. long and wide, glabrous

within, the outer surface with tangled yellow hairs paler than those

of the hypanthium; flowers not seen open; disk probably 2 mm. wide,

long-hairy within and sunken about 1 mm., the style hairy half its

length; stamens about 200; petals obovate, somewhat fleshy in bud,

silky on the backs, 2-2.5 mm. long; fruit not seen. — Univ. of Mich.

Neg. 473.

Loreto: Yurimaguas, in forest, November 7, 1929, L. Williams

4706, 4737 (F, type).

Myrcia atrorufa McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 188. 1956.

Shrub 2 meters high, pubescent to densely short-tomentulose on

the branchlets, inflorescence and petioles, and sparingly pubescent

on the leaves, with crisped rufous hairs up to 1 mm. long; leaves

ovate, 4-6 cm. wide, 10-15 cm. long, 2-2.5 times as long as wide,

broadly and bluntly acuminate or obtusely pointed, the base rounded

or the extreme base pointed, the margins decurrent on the stout dis-

tinct petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 8-12 mm. long; midvein impressed

and hairy above, prominent beneath; lateral veins about 12 pairs,

slightly elevated above, prominulous beneath; marginal vein pro-

minulous beneath, about equaling the laterals and arched between

them, 3-6 mm. from margin; leaves drying brown, the upper surface

smooth, rufous, eglandular, marked with a coarse reticulum of small

veins; lower surface lustrous, greenish-brown, with prominent glands;

inflorescence axillary, 2 or partly 3 times compound, about 30-flow-

ered, 7-10 cm. long, the branches much flattened, the peduncle 3-7

cm. long, up to 2.5 mm. wide below the first node; flowers aggregated

in triads near the tips of the branches; bracteoles deciduous before

anthesis, lanceolate, about 1.5 mm. long; buds 3 mm. long, turbi-

nate, the obconic straight-sided base of the hypanthium densely

red-woolly; calyx-lobes 5, rounded or bluntly triangular, about 2 mm.

wide, 1.5-2 mm. long, woolly or sparingly pubescent without, ap-

pressed-pubescent within; disk about 2.5-3 mm. across, hairy within,

FLORA OF PERU 631

the center sunken about 1 mm.; style glabrous except at base, prob-

ably about 4 mm. long; stamens 125-150, up to 4 mm. long, the

anthers 0.4 mm. long; petals greenish-white (Metcalf), suborbicu-

lar, about 3 mm. long, hairy on the backs; fruit subglobose, about

1 cm. in diameter. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 460.

Huanuco: Between Hudnuco and Pampayacu, Jan. 30, 1927,

R. Kanehira 17. — Puno: Prov. Carabaya, trail from Santo Domingo

to Chabuca mine, elev. 1,900 meters, moist open places with dense

vegetation, much fog and rain, May 30-June 1, 1942, R. D. Metcalf

30671 (US, type).

Myrcia bracteata (Rich.) DC. Prodr. 3: 245. 1828. Eugenia,

bracteata Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 110. 1792. E. hirsuta

R. & P. Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 4: t. 417a, ined. [71802]; G. Don, Gen.

Hist. 2: 865. 1832. M. lanceolata Camb. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid.

2: 329. 1829.

A shrub or small tree to 4 meters high, hirsute with lustrous pale

yellowish flexuous erect or appressed hairs up to 2 mm. long; bases

of hairs sometimes enlarged; leaves lanceolate or elliptic, 1.5-3 cm.

wide, 5-9 cm. long, often 3 times as long as wide, gradually or some-

times abruptly acuminate, the very tip blunt; blade almost sessile,

the base narrowed, rounded or somewhat auriculate, the dark petiole

flat, twisted, up to 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, expanded distally

into a colored area at the base of the blade; mid vein on upper sur-

face somewhat impressed, copiously stiff-hairy, prominent beneath;

lateral veins inconspicuous, slender, 15-20 pairs; marginal vein about

equaling the laterals, 1-1.5 mm. from margin; blades lustrous and

sparingly impressed-punctate above, brown-dotted beneath; inflo-

rescence an axillary dichasium, much shorter than the leaves (or

occasionally terminal and then longer), usually 2.5-4.5 cm. long,

with 5, 7 or 11 flowers on pedicels up to 3 mm. long; nodes of dicha-

sium conspicuously bracteate, the bracts surpassing the flowers, per-

sistent, ovate, trough-shaped at base, blunt-pointed, glabrous within,

4-6 mm. wide, 6-10 mm. long, sometimes minutely ciliate, usually

with abundant brownish dots on the outer surface; bracteoles per-

sistent, similar, smaller; perianth 5- (or 4-) parted, the petals white,

suborbicular, 3 mm. long; calyx-lobes unequal, the largest like the

bracts, 2-3 mm. wide, 2.5-4 mm. long; elongate base of hypanthium

concealed by densely aggregated appressed yellowish hairs; disk seri-

ceous or nearly glabrous within, distinctly sunken, about 3 mm.

across; style 6 mm. long, sparingly pilose near base or more than

half its length; stamens about 150, slightly exceeding the style; fruit

632 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

not seen mature, probably hirsute, ellipsoid, about 1 cm. long. —

F.M. Neg. 39508.

San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, King 2747. Tarapoto, Spruce

4857 (herb. G). San Roque, Williams 7281, 7391—Loreto: Balsa-

puerto, Klug 2844- Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, Klug 3293. Sacha-

choro, near Yurimaguas, Mexia 6087. Yurimaguas, Ferreyra 7845,

Williams 3797, 4716. Pebas, Williams 1880.— Huanuco: Chicoplaya,

Ruiz & Pav6n. Bolivia to Colombia and the Guianas. "Napurshi"

(Yahua, Williams) ; "Millua-mullaca" (Williams) ; "Rupifia" (Mexia) .

Myrcia concava McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 189. 1956.

Tree 6-8 meters high, the vegetative buds, inflorescence and

petioles strigose with stiff pale yellowish hairs up to 0.5 mm. long

on the buds, mostly shorter; leaves elliptic or ovate, 3-5.5 cm. wide,

7-14 cm. long, 2.3-2.9 times as long as wide, acuminate, cuneate or

rounded and subcuneate at base, the margins decurrent on the

channeled petiole 1.5 mm. thick, 4-5 mm. long; midvein on the

upper surface pubescent, plane distally, impressed near base and

the impressed area shortly hispidulous; midvein prominent beneath;

lateral veins 15-20 pairs, the number indefinite because of parallel

intermediate veins, slightly raised above in drying, prominulous

beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and little arched

between them, 1-2 mm. from margin; blades somewhat darkening

in drying, the upper surface smooth, lustrous, without apparent

glands; lower surface paler, yellowish green or yellowish brown,

sparingly appressed-hairy and minutely siliceous-verruculose, the

glands usually apparent; inflorescence an axillary panicle shorter

than the leaves, 7-11 cm. long, 3 to 4 times compound, the branches

somewhat compressed and the axis up to 2 mm. wide below the

first node; flowers numerous, nearly sessile, clustered near the tips;

bracts and bracteoles deciduous before anthesis; buds about 3 mm.

long, the hypanthium below the enlargement of the calyx 1.5-1.7

mm. long, obconic with the base abruptly contracted to the pedicel

(not attenuate), the surface covered but not obscured by silky

whitish, closely appressed hairs about 0.2 mm. long, these diminish-

ing in number distally; calyx lobes suborbicular, broadly rounded or

bluntly triangular, 1.3-1.7 mm. wide, 1-1.3 mm. long, pubescent

outside, appressed-pubescent within, conspicuously concave and

spreading as the petals fall; disk 5-angled, 2-2.5 mm. wide, hairy,

the center abruptly depressed; style 4.5 mm. long, hairy below the

middle; stamens about 150, up to 5 mm. long, the anthers 0.3-0.4

mm. long; petals suborbicular, concave, hairy outside, up to 3 mm.

FLORA OF PERU 633

wide and 2.5 mm. long; fruit not seen. — This species is separated

by no very obvious characters from those of the fallax-splendens

alliance. It is unlike any of these, however, in its sparingly strigose

and broad-based hypanthium, its conspicuous calyx-lobes pubes-

cent within, and its short, stout inflorescence. Univ. of Mich.

Neg. 459.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, forest, Klug 4&4>

800 (type, US).

Myrcia connata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 189. 1956.

A shrub 5-6 meters high, the branchlets, leaf-buds and inflo-

rescence (especially the calyx and hypanthium) strigose with

straight yellowish hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, at least the young

leaves sparingly strigose beneath; leaves sessile, lanceolate, 3.5-5

cm. wide, 9-16 cm. long, about 2.5^4 times as long as wide, acute or

obscurely acuminate, blunt at very tip, cordate at base, the auricles

of opposite pairs overlapping; mid vein impressed above, prominent

beneath; lateral veins 12-15 pairs, slender, inconspicuous on both

sides, more prominent beneath; marginal vein about equaling the

laterals and arched between them, 3-5 mm. from the margin; small

veins markedly reticulate in prevailingly right-angled patterns;

blades somewhat lustrous above, paler and dull beneath, the glandu-

lar dots scarcely apparent; inflorescence a panicle 4-7 cm. long,

about 12-flowered, once or twice compound, the peduncle 2.5-4.5

cm. long, 2 mm. wide below the first node; lower branches of the

panicle up to 1.2 cm. long; flowers sessile; buds 4-6 mm. long, the

hypanthium about 2 mm. long, heavily appressed-hairy; calyx-lobes

5, broadly rounded, appressed-hairy on both sides, 1.3-1.5 mm. long,

2.5 mm. wide; disk about 3 mm. wide, sunken, the hypanthium

prolonged 1-1.5 mm. beyond the summit of the ovary; style prob-

ably about 10 mm. long; stamens 150-200, 7-8 mm. long, the

anthers 0.6 mm. long; petals hairy outside, about 7-8 mm. long and

5 mm. wide; fruit fleshy, about 1 cm. in diameter, a little longer

than wide.

Peru (probably). Bolivia.

Myrcia crassimarginata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 190.

1956.

Tree 5 meters high, puberulent on the branchlets, inflorescence

and petioles with straight pale yellowish appressed or erect hairs

up to 0.5 mm. long, and with a few longer appressed hairs on the

634 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

lower leaf surfaces; young branchlets velutinous; leaves elliptic,

7-8 cm. wide, 16-20 cm. long, 2-2.5 times as long as wide, abruptly

rounded at tip to a slender acumen 1-1.5 cm. long, rounded at base,

the margins prolonged and raised, forming an inclosure at the flat

summit of the stout petiole 2.5 mm. thick, 3-6 mm. long; midvein

on the upper surface elevated in a narrow, straight-sided ridge 1 mm.

wide near base, the ridge impressed like the lateral and marginal

veins; laterals about 20 pairs, prominent and raised beneath, much

stronger than the intermediate veins; marginal vein equaling the

laterals, nearly straight, 3-5 mm. from margin, with a weaker,

arched submarginal vein beyond it; upper surface greenish brown in

drying, smooth, lustrous, the lower pale brown, minutely verru-

culose-siliceous; glands not apparent on either surface; inflorescence

a broad axillary or falsely terminal panicle 15-23 cm. long and about

as wide, rather regularly 4 times compound, many-flowered, the

branches mostly opposite, nearly terete near base and 2-2.5 mm.

thick, somewhat compressed distally, up to 3 mm. wide below the

first node; flowers clustered near tips of branches, the lateral pair of

the terminal triads often on pedicels 2-5 mm. long; bracts mostly

persistent through anthesis, divaricate, boat-shaped, often broadest

above the middle, blunt-tipped, the largest 7 mm. wide, 12 mm.

long, the outermost 3 mm. wide, 5 mm. long; bracteoles similar,

about 2 mm. wide, 4 mm. long; buds 5 mm. long, broadly obovoid,

the densely strigose hypanthium-base conic and 1-1.5 mm. long,

broadly expanded to the base of the calyx-lobes, which are broadly

rounded, 3 mm. wide, 2.5 mm. long, pubescent outside, appressed-

strigose within; disk 3-4 mm. wide, hairy, deeply sunken at center;

style 6-8 mm. long, hairy at base; stamens about 300, the longest

about as long as the style; petals probably about 4 mm. long,

obovate, cream-color (Klug), appressed-pubescent outside; fruit

not seen. — A collection made by Tessmann (no. 4319) at the mouth

of Rio Santiago, on high land, is apparently this species, but in the

specimen seen (at NY) the leaves are appressed-pubescent and

smooth (not verruculose) beneath. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 477.

Loreto: Fortaleza, near Yurimaguas, alt. about 140 meters,

forest, December, 1932, Klug 2821 (A, type).

Myrcia deflexa (Poir.) DC. Prodr. 3: 244. 1828. Eugenia deflexa

Poir. Suppl. 3: 124. 1813.

A shrub or small tree to 10 meters high, ochraceous- or rusty-

hirsute-pubescent with lustrous, flexuous, slender, erect or matted

hairs up to 1 mm. long or more, these intermixed with very numer-

FLORA OF PERU 635

ous very short scurfy inflated hairs; leaves elliptic to ovate, 3-6

(-10) cm. wide, 7.5-15 (-22) cm. long, 2.2-3 times as long as wide,

acuminate (often slenderly so), rounded abruptly to base or sub-

cuneate, the basal margins decurrent, prolonged and slightly ele-

vated, forming a pocket-like furrow at the summit of the stout

channeled petiole 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, 6-10 mm. long; midvein im-

pressed above at least at base, prominent beneath; lateral veins

15-20 (-25) pairs, sometimes impressed above, prominent beneath;

marginal vein relatively close (1-2 mm.) to margin, prominent be-

neath, sometimes impressed above, only slightly arched between the

laterals; blades when dry pale green or brown above, lustrous, and

glabrous or essentially so, without apparent glands at maturity but

the small reticulate veins forming a fine pattern; lower surface dull,

ochraceous, somewhat pubescent on the veins, eglandular, finely

bullate, the raised areas corresponding to the spaces between the

fine reticulations of the veins and obscuring these; inflorescence a

broad axillary or falsely terminal panicle 6-12 cm. long and about

as broad, irregularly 3 times compound, many-flowered, the branches

opposite or subopposite, striate-angled, compressed (2-2.5 mm. wide

below the first node), the flowers sessile or nearly so and aggregated

toward the tips of the branches; bracts deciduous before anthesis,

scarious, ovate, acute, 1.5 mm. wide, 3 mm. long; bractlets similar,

smaller, deciduous at the same time; buds 3-4 mm. long, broadly

obconic, the hypanthium densely hairy; calyx-lobes 5, broadly

rounded, narrowed at base, imbricate, hairy on both sides, 2.5-

4 mm. wide, 2-3 mm. long; disk 2.5^4 mm. wide, sunken, densely

hairy; style 5-7 mm. long, hairy near base or up to two- thirds its

length; stamens about 250, longer than the style, up to 8 mm. long,

the anthers 0.5 mm. long; petals obovate, 5 mm. long; fruit ellip-

soid, probably about 1 cm. thick and 1.5 cm. long when mature. —

Peruvian representatives of this species have slightly smaller flowers

than some specimens from Venezuela and the Guianas, and rufous

rather than ochraceous pubescence, but do not seem to differ in other

respects. F.M. Neg. 39505.

San Martin: Lamas, Williams 6389, 6434- Tarapoto, Williams

6119. Amazonian Brazil to the Guianas, Venezuela and the Greater

Antilles.

Myrcia dichasialis McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 190. 1956.

Shrub or tree to 10 meters high, with trunk diameter up to 25 cm.,

somewhat variably strigose with closely appressed yellowish hairs up

to 0.5 mm. long, the leaf-buds and hypanthium densely strigose, the

636 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

lower leaf-surface sparingly so with hairs usually 0.2-0.3 mm. long,

the inflorescence often nearly glabrous; leaves ovate, 3-7 cm. wide,

8-15 cm. long, 2-3 times as long as wide, short-acuminate, rounded

at base, the margins decurrent on the stout dark petiole 1-2 mm.

thick, 6-7 mm. long; midvein flat or sulcate above, prominent be-

neath; lateral veins 10-12 (-15) pairs, somewhat prominent beneath,

diminishing distally, not forming a definite marginal vein but re-

curving 1-3 mm. from margin and joining the next vein 2.5-10 mm.

from margin; upper surface when dry olive green, somewhat lustrous,

with small reticulate veins, the lower duller, more yellowish; glands

obscure below, barely apparent above; inflorescence a broad axillary

or falsely terminal panicle 10-12 cm. long and about as broad, regu-

larly 3 times compound, many-flowered, the branches divaricate and

often at right angles to the axis, rather strictly opposite, enlarged

and jointed at base, compressed (2-2.5 mm. wide below the first

node), the flowers mostly in 3's near the tips of the branches, with

the terminal flower sessile or nearly so, or sometimes abortive, the

two lateral ones on pedicels 2-6 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles early

deciduous; buds about 3 mm. long, broadly obconic; calyx-lobes 5,

broadly rounded, 2-3 mm. wide, 1.5-2 mm. long, pubescent without,

closely appressed-pubescent within; disk 3-4 mm. wide, sunken, hir-

sute; style about 7 mm. long, hairy about half its length or near base

only; stamens about 200, about as long as the style, up to 8 mm. long,

the anthers 0.5 mm. long; petals white, pubescent without, about

4-5 mm. long and wide; fruit dark red, subglobose, 8-10 mm. in

diameter. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 469.

Loreto: Iquitos, Mexia 6508. Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan,

Schunke 134 (F, type), 188. Stromgebiet des Ucayali von 10° S.

bis zur Miindung, Tessmann 3411- Along Rio Itaya, Williams 91.

Endemic.

Myrcia directa McVaugh, sp. nov.

Arbor, velutina, foliis petiolatis acuminatis 8-11 cm. longis; venis

impressis; paniculis multifloris, validis, rachi compressa, usque ad

1.7 mm. lata; calycis lobis utrinque pilosis, duplo triplove latioribus

quam longioribus, 0.3-0.5 mm. longis; alabastris 2 mm. longis.

A small tree 18 feet high (Spruce), the branchlets, young leaves,

and inflorescence velutinous with stiff slender-pointed erect brown-

ish red hairs 0.5-1 mm. long; leaves elliptic-ovate, 3.5-5.5 cm. wide,

8-11 cm. long, 2-3 times as long as wide, gradually or abruptly acu-

minate, rather broadly rounded at base, the margins passing abruptly

FLORA OF PERU 637

into the shallowly grooved and nearly terete petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick,

8-12 mm. long; midvein on upper surface sunken and hirsute at base,

passing distally into an elevated ridge, prominent beneath, raised

from the lower surface by its own diameter (about 1.5 mm. near the

base of the blade) ; lateral veins 12-15 pairs, impressed above, con-

spicuous beneath and stronger than the intermediate ones, straight

or nearly so (whence directa) and passing directly into the marginal

vein which is impressed above, about equaling the laterals and some-

what curved between them, 2-3 mm. from the margin; blades dark-

ening in drying, glabrate and lustrous above, the lower surface per-

sistently velutinous at least on the veins, finally glabrate and finely

pebbled; glandular dots not apparent on either surface; inflorescence

a relatively broad axillary or falsely terminal panicle, 3.5-7 cm. long

and almost as wide, 3 times compound, 50- to 75-flowered, with the

branchlets mostly at right angles, the flowers sessile in terminal clus-

ters; peduncle compressed and markedly bicarinate, 1.5-1.7 mm.

wide just below the lowest node; bracts and bracteoles deciduous

before anthesis, the bracteoles linear, 0.6 mm. long; buds 2 mm. long

or less; hypanthium hemispheric, about 1.5 mm. long and less than

2 mm. wide, densely velutinous with hairs up to 0.3 mm. long; calyx-

lobes 5, rounded, very short, about 1 mm. wide, 0.3-0.5 mm. long,

fleshy at base, hairy on both sides but neither surface obscured by

the hairs, the tips somewhat incurved and the calyx as a whole trun-

cate and flaring out at the summit of the hypanthium; disk 2 mm.

wide, strigose, concave, fleshy, lobulate, the lobes opposite the petals;

style 2.5-3 mm. long; stamens about 30, 2.5 mm. long, the anthers

0.3 mm. long; petals obovate, glabrous or strigose on the outer sur-

face, 2-2.5 mm. long and wide; ovary bilocular, the ovules 2 in each

locule, collateral; fruit not seen. — Univ. of Mich. Negs. 1094, 1102.

San Martin: "In fruticetis montis Campana, prope Tarapoto,

alt. 4800 ft.," Dec., 1855, R. Spruce 4388 (herb. Kew ex herb.

Benth., type; herb. Kew ex herb. Hook.).

Myrcia dispar McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 191. 1956.

A tree "45 feet" high (Krukoff), the branchlets, vegetative buds,

petioles and inflorescences abundantly velutinous with soft appressed-

ascending pale golden-yellow hairs 0.6-0.8 mm. long; leaves coria-

ceous, elliptic to ovate or obovate, 4-7.5 cm. wide, 10-15 cm. long,

about twice as long as wide, rounded or obtuse at apex and usually

obscurely apiculate, acute at base, the margins decurrent on the sul-

cate petiole 2 mm. thick, 7-10 mm. long; midvein hairy above when

young, the distal two-thirds elevated in a narrow median ridge but

638 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

the whole (including the ridge) impressed above and prominent be-

neath; lateral veins 12-15 pairs, convex but somewhat impressed,

prominent beneath; marginal vein narrower than the laterals, not

impressed above, nearly straight between the laterals, 1-2.5 mm.

from margin; blades dark and lustrous above, paler beneath and

there somewhat strigose and minutely pale-verruculose; glandular

dots not apparent in mature leaves; panicle 4-5 cm. long (much

shorter than the leaves, whence the name dispar), stout, probably

twice compound, the peduncle compressed, 2-3 cm. long, 2.5 mm.

wide below the first node; flowers not seen, probably about 20 or

fewer, nearly sessile; fruit globose, 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, gland-

dotted, sparingly hairy, crowned by the erect calyx; calyx-lobes 5,

rounded with tips incurved in fruit, 2-2.5 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide,

pubescent both sides (sparingly so within in fruit) ; disk 3 mm. wide,

the hypanthium prolonged 1.5 mm. above the summit of the ovary,

both disk and inner surface of the hypanthium densely hairy; seeds

1 or 2, reniform, 1 cm. long, with lustrous cartilaginous testa and

typical myrcioid embryo. — Known only from the type, which is in

fruit (Brazil, Terr, of Acre, upper Rio Jurupary, Krukoff 5232), but

apparently distinct from all known species in the short, stout inflo-

rescence, relatively large flowers, blunt, coarsely veined leaves and

copious distinctive indument.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Myrcia egensis (Berg) McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 191. 1956.

Aulomyrcia egensis Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 99. 1857.

A. macrophylla Berg, in Mart. I.e.

Tree 4 meters high, the branchlets, vegetative buds and petioles

hirsutulous with stout straight ascending yellowish-white hairs up

to 1 mm. long; inflorescence abundantly hirsutulous but the hairs

shorter, of uneven lengths, and rufous in color; lower leaf-surface

thinly appressed pubescent with pale yellow hairs about 0.5 mm.

long; leaves ovate or elliptic, 4.5-11.5 cm. wide, 12-26 cm. long,

2-2.7 times as long as wide, acuminate at tips, rounded at base, the

margin often cuneately narrowed at very base and decurrent on the

stout channeled petiole 2 mm. thick, 8-12 mm. long; mid vein sulcate

above and hairy at least near base, prominent beneath; lateral veins

10-15 pairs, distinctly marked above and very slightly impressed,

prominulous beneath; marginal vein weaker than the laterals, some-

what arched between them, 1-3 mm. from margin; leaves darkening

in drying, the upper surface brown to black, lustrous, smooth, the

lower yellowish- or grayish-brown because of the pubescence and the

FLORA OF PERU 639

loosely cellular structure of the pale irregular epidermis; glands not

apparent on either surface; inflorescence a broad, usually axillary

panicle 11-15 cm. long, irregularly 3 times compound, many-flow-

ered, the branches often subopposite, compressed, 2.5-3 mm. wide

below the first node, the flowers sessile and aggregated near the tips

of the branches and mostly alternate along them; bracts and bracte-

oles deciduous at or before anthesis, the bracteoles lanceolate, hir-

sutulous, up to 1.5 mm. long; buds 3.0-3.5 mm. long, the hypanthium

about half this length, obconic, densely rufous-hirsutulous, abruptly

expanded at summit into the calyx; calyx-lobes 5, rounded, strongly

unequal, the larger scarious-margined, up to 3 mm. wide, 2.3 mm.

long, the smaller less than 1 mm. wide, 1.3 mm. long; disk 2-2.5 mm.

wide, hairy, deeply sunken; style 6-7 mm. long, hairy below the

middle; stamens about 100, up to 7 mm. long, the anthers very small,

about 0.3 mm. long; petals obovate, cream-color (Klug), 3.5-4 mm.

long; fruit probably globose and 1 cm. in diameter, not seen mature.

— The type of this species, Poeppig 2551, is from Ega, Brazil. F.M.

Negs. 19818, 31521.

San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,200-1,600 meters,

Klug 3569. Amazonian Brazil.

Myrcia fallax (Rich.) DC. Prodr. 3: 244. 1828. Eugenia fallax

Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 110. 1792. Myrtus acuminata

HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 141 (folio ed. p. 112). 1823. Myrtus com-

plicata HBK. I.e. Myrcia acuminata (HBK.) DC. I.e. 256. Myrcia

berberis DC. I.e. 254. Myrcia complicata (HBK.) DC. I.e. 255.

Myrcia macrophylla DC. I.e. 248. Myrcia magnoliaefolia DC. I.e.

Myrcia acuminata a genuina Berg, Linnaea 27: 94. 1855. Myrcia

acuminata d peruviana Berg, I.e. Myrcia chilensis Berg, I.e. 99.

Myrcia barrensis Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1 : 187. 1857. Myrcia

berberis /3 angustifolia Berg, in Mart. I.e. 170. Myrcia brandami Berg,

in Mart. I.e. 164. Myrcia hayneana /3 paraensis Berg, in Mart. I.e.

187. Myrcia kegeliana 0 longifolia Berg, in Mart. I.e. 168. Myrcia

latifolia Berg, in Mart. I.e. 170. Myrcia negrensis Berg, in Mart.

I.e. 187. Myrcia spruceana Berg, in Mart. I.e. 165. Myrcia sub-

sessilis /3 ovalis Berg, Linnaea 31: 252. 71862. Myrcia dictyoneura

Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 594. 1906.

A tree or large shrub up to 12 meters high, sparingly pubescent

with lustrous yellowish-white hairs about 0.2 mm. long; hairs ap-

pressed or in the inflorescence sometimes spreading, confined chiefly

to the hypanthium, where always densely aggregated, and to the

branches of the inflorescence, the calyx-lobes, the petioles and the

640 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

lower leaf-surface; pubescence on mature plants sometimes almost

none except on the hypanthium; leaves elliptic to ovate-lanceolate,

2-6 cm. wide, 6-14 cm. long, (2-) 2.5-3 (-4.5) times as long as wide,

the blades rather abruptly narrowed to both ends or more gradually

narrowed to apex, prominently acuminate, the acumen blunt at very

tip; base of blade cuneate or somewhat rounded, the margins slightly

decurrent on the stout dark-colored ventrally grooved petiole which

is 1-1.5 mm. thick, 5-7 mm. long; upper surface of blade smooth

and lustrous, bright green or darkening in drying, the midvein im-

pressed or sulcate at least near base, glabrous or nearly so except at

base, the other veins when dry slightly raised and evidently retic-

ulate; lower surface paler, dull green, the midvein prominently ele-

vated, the about 15 pairs of lateral veins somewhat elevated and

readily distinguished (more readily than on the upper surface) from

the smaller intermediate veins; marginal vein about equaling the

laterals, and arched between them, 1-1.5 (-3.5) mm. from the slightly

revolute leaf -margins; glandular dots sometimes apparent on new

leaves, rarely on mature leaves, never impressed on the upper sur-

face; inflorescence axillary and (often) sub terminal, up to 12 cm.

long, often about as long as the leaves, many-flowered, irregularly

3 times compound, the branches opposite or subopposite, strongly

flattened below the nodes (2-2.5 or even 3.5 mm. wide below the

first node), the branchlets of the ultimate (usually third) order little

elongated and the flowers thus nearly sessile and aggregated toward

the tips of the branches; buds 2.2-2.5 mm. long just before anthesis,

the hypanthium narrowly conic; calyx-lobes 5, drying dark, sparingly

strigose to glabrous without, glabrous within, broadly rounded to

occasionally triangular, about 1-1.5 mm. long and 1.5-1.8 mm. wide,

often remaining loosely erect in post-anthesis and fruit; disk 1.3-2

(-2.5) mm. wide, densely hairy, slightly sunken in the middle; style

3-4 (-5) mm. long, glabrous except for a few hairs at base; petals

white; stamens about 100-125, 4-5 mm. long; fruit oblong to nearly

globose, 4.5-7 mm. thick, 6.5-10 mm. long; seed 2 mm. long or less.

— This species, as defined here, ranges from the Lesser Antilles and

Panama through most of tropical South America, chiefly east of the

Andes, at elevations from near sea level to about 2,800 meters. It

is particularly abundant as a tree of clearings and forest edges, at

elevations below 1,000 meters. It belongs to a group of species which

are taxonomically among the least understood in the genus. From

northern Peru to Colombia (Antioquia) and Venezuela (Me"rida) the

principal representative of this species complex is Myrcia acuminata

(HBK.) DC., which is distinguished from M. fallax chiefly by the

FLORA OF PERU 641

presence of soft rusty-brown hairs (up to almost 1 mm. long) in the

inflorescence and on the young shoots and leaves; the lower leaf-

surfaces more or less permanently short-pilose with similar, usually

erect hairs, especially on the principal veins; calyx-lobes relatively

longer than in M. fallax and in Colombian material often as long as

wide; branches of the inflorescence somewhat less compressed than

in M. fallax; disk 2-2.5 (-3) mm. wide; style 5 mm. long. F.M.

Negs. 7917, 19758, 19760, 19802, 19817, 19819, 19828, 19865, 23436,

23441, 23443, 23444, 31445, 31453, 36875.

Cajamarca: Prov. Jaen, valley of the river Tabaconas, 900-1,000

meters, Weberbauer 6168 (acuminata). East side of the cordillera

east of Huancabamba, Weberbauer 6123 (acuminata). — San Martin:

Moyobamba, Mathews 1454- — Loreto: Along Rio Itaya, Williams 95.

Maquisapa, upper Rio Nanay, Wittiams 1194. Tarapoto, Williams

5384, 5874, 5890, 6115, 6130, 6324, 6420. San Roque, Williams 7123.

— Huanuco: Chinchao, Sawada 82. Near Pampayacu, Kanehira 51.

Monzon, Weberbauer 3547, isotype of M. dictyoneura (herb. USM).

Cuchero, Poeppig 1652B [=Poeppig 138, =Poeppig Add. 60], type

of M. chilensis. — Rio Acre: Seringal S. Francisco, Ule 9662. — Local-

ity uncertain: Arenal, Jelski 334, Mar. 16, 1878 (herb. W). "Ahu-

ashi yacu," "Yspi" (Williams). Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil to

the West Indies and Panama. Berg erroneously supposed that a

part of Poeppig's collection, to which the numbers 1652B and 138

were assigned in some herbaria, had originated in Chile, and the

name Myrcia chilensis was based upon these specimens.

Myrcia complicata (HBK.) DC. also appears to be conspecific.

The type is a flowering specimen, moderately pale-strigose as in

Myrcia splendens, with rounded calyx-lobes as in M. acuminata, but

with the long petioles, nearly smooth leaves and strongly flattened

inflorescence-branches of M. fallax. F.M. Neg. 36883.

Cajamarca: Prov. Jaen de Bracamoros, prope San Felipe, alt.

980 hex., Bonpland (type of M. complicata).

Myrcia platycaula Diels (Bot. Jahrb. 37: 595. 1906), from moun-

tains near Monzon, 2,000-2,500 meters, Dept. Hudnuco, Weber-

bauer 3531, is a member of the same species complex. It is known

to me only from a fragmentary specimen preserved in USM. The

inflorescence is partially developed and the flowers have not opened.

It differs from M. mollis (M. huanocensis) , with which it was com-

pared by Diels, in having the leaves and inflorescence sparingly ap-

pressed-hairy instead of copiously hirsute. It differs from Peruvian

representatives of the acuminata-fallax group in having the calyx

642 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

abundantly appressed-silky within. Better material is needed before

this species can be definitely placed.

Myrcia fascia ta McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 192. 1956.

A tree 12 meters high, the vegetative buds thickly appressed-

strigose with lustrous yellowish-white stiff hairs up to 0.8 mm. long,

a few similar hairs on the petioles, inflorescence and the veins of the

lower leaf-surface, the hairs on the hypanthium numerous, dark red-

dish brown; leaves lustrous, coriaceous (Steyermark), broadly ovate,

4.5-9 cm. wide, 7-12 cm. long, mostly 1.3-1.5 times as long as wide,

rounded or emarginate at apex, broadly rounded at base, the mar-

gins shortly decurrent on the channeled petiole 1.5-3 mm. thick,

7-12 mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent beneath; lat-

eral veins 8-10 pairs, impressed above, prominulous beneath; mar-

ginal vein a little weaker than the laterals and strongly arched

between them, inconspicuous above, prominulous beneath, 2-6 mm.

from margin; leaves drying brownish green, paler beneath, lustrous

on both surfaces, with scattered small glands, these impressed on

the upper surface but often obscure at maturity; inflorescence axil-

lary, to 10 cm. long, or consisting of shorter fertile branches arising

laterally in the axils of small leaves (up to 2 cm. wide, 4 cm. long)

near the base of new leafy shoots; branches and peduncle much flat-

tened, the latter often equaling or exceeding in length the rest of the

inflorescence, distally enlarged, up to 3-4 mm. wide and hardly 1 mm.

thick; flowers about 25, sessile or in 3's on short lateral branches

near the tips of the panicle; bracteoles deciduous at anthesis, lance-

subulate, hairy, 2 mm. long; immature buds 2 mm. long, narrowly

conic; flowers not seen open; calyx-lobes broadly rounded, 1.5-1.7

mm. wide, 1 mm. long or a little more, pubescent both sides; disk

about 2.5 mm. wide, hairy, with sharply depressed center; fruit about

1 cm. in diameter, subglobose, puberulent, 1- to 4-seeded. — Known

only from the two original collections from the Province of Azuay,

Ecuador, Steyermark 52961 and 52969 (F, type).

Peru (probably). Ecuador.

Myrcia fascicularis Berg, Linnaea 27: 87. 1855. M. bangii

Rusby, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 6: 36. 1896.

A shrub or tree to 8 meters high, the branchlets, inflorescence and

lower leaf-surface short-hirsute with yellowish or brownish-yellow

spreading or appressed hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves ovate to

lanceolate, 4.5-9 cm. wide, 13-21 cm. long, 2-3 (-4.5) times as long

as wide, gradually or abruptly acuminate, narrowed toward base

FLORA OF PERU 643

from below the middle and thus long-cuneate, or more abruptly

rounded and shortly cuneate at base, the margins decurrent on the

stout petiole 1-2 mm. thick, 6-7 mm. long; midvein slightly im-

pressed above and short-pubescent at least toward base, prominent

beneath (raised its own thickness above the surface); lateral veins

(15-) 20-25 pairs, slightly elevated both sides, prominent beneath;

marginal vein about equaling the laterals, nearly straight, distinct

and prominent beneath, 1-2 mm. from margin; blades above lus-

trous, green or darkening in drying, glabrous, thickly impressed-

puncticulate; lower surface duller, yellow-green, colored and often

obscured by the numerous appressed or erect hairs, the glands not

apparent; inflorescence a short-pedunculate much-branched axillary

panicle up to 6 cm. long, the branches strongly flattened, ascending;

main axis up to 1 cm. long, tangentially much flattened, 1-2 mm.

wide, the lowest pair of branches often arising in the axil also, and

the inflorescence appearing fasciculate; flowers sessile, clustered in

3's near the tips of the branches, or solitary; bracts and bracteoles

deciduous before anthesis, scarious, the bracteoles lanceolate, 1 mm.

long; buds 2.5-3 mm. long, the hypanthium long-conic or nearly cy-

lindric, somewhat angled or ridged, densely appressed-hairy, longer

than and contrasting with the dark calyx-lobes; lobes broadly and

bluntly triangular or rounded, more than 1 mm. wide, 1 mm. long,

hairy and gland-dotted without, glabrous within; disk 2 mm. wide,

sunken, hairy; style 5 mm. long, hairy more than half its length;

stamens 80-100, about as long as the style, the anthers 0.3 mm.

long; petals suborbicular, hairy on the back, about 2.5 mm. long;

fruit unknown. — The specimens collected by Klug and Williams have

broader leaves than those of the type and most other known collec-

tions, and the pubescence is more closely appressed. F.M. Neg.

23445.

San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6732. — Loreto: Mishuyacu,

Klug 705, 886. — Huanuco: Cuchero, Poeppig 1652 [=141], type.

Bolivia. Reported from Chile by Berg, who erroneously supposed a

part of Poeppig's original collection to have come from that country.

Myrcia fenestrata DC. Prodr. 3: 251. 1828.

A shrub or small tree to 5 meters high, the inflorescence sparingly

hispidulous with sharp, slender, erect pale yellowish hairs up to 0.6

mm. long (usually shorter) ; vegetative buds and hypanthium densely

appressed-strigose with similar hairs; petioles and base of midvein

below with a few somewhat stouter golden hairs up to 2 mm. long;

leaves finely hispidulous above; branchlets, including those of the

644 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

inflorescence, strongly compressed; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 2.5-

4.5 cm. wide, 7-13 cm. long, 2.5-4 times as long as wide, rather

long-acuminate, rounded at base and the margins there strongly de-

curved but raised above the very short petiole 1-2 mm. thick, 1.5-

2 mm. long; midvein and the 15-20 pairs of lateral veins impressed

above, the areas between the latter raised in convex elongate parallel

areas which are similarly concave beneath and the veins correspond-

ingly elevated and markedly ladder-like, the midvein raised more

than its diameter above the lower surface; marginal vein obscure on

both sides, about equaling the laterals and somewhat arched between

them, 1-1.5 mm. from margin; blades lustrous and polished above,

green or darkened, the lower surface somewhat lustrous, yellowish

brown or green, appearing thinly silicified and minutely verruculose;

surfaces obscurely and sparsely gland-dotted, or no glands apparent;

stipuloid processes conspicuous, 2-2.5 mm. long; inflorescence a

short-pedunculate axillary panicle much shorter than the leaves, the

branches gland-dotted, the primary axis strongly flattened, 2-6 (-11)

mm. long and 2 mm. wide, its lowest branches somewhat ascending,

4-6 cm. long, irregularly twice compound, the numerous flowers

nearly sessile along the secondary branches or in triads near the tips;

bracts deciduous at early anthesis, the larger ovate, pointed, up to

3 mm. wide and 5 mm. long, hairy outside; bracteoles similarly de-

ciduous, lanceolate, 1-2.5 mm. long; buds 2-2.5 mm. long, nearly

globose, the hypanthium broadly obconic; calyx-lobes 5, pubescent

both sides, broadly rounded, about 1.5 mm. wide and 1 mm. long;

disk hairy, slightly depressed in center, 1.5-2 mm. wide; style 4-5

mm. long, hairy about half its length; stamens about 150, as long as

the style, the anthers about 0.3 mm. long; petals suborbicular, 2-

2.5 mm. long; fruit subglobose, about 5 mm. in diameter. — F.M.

Neg. 19786. First collected by Martius, near Ega, Brazil, this spe-

cies is well known in the vicinity of Manaus and at other localities

in the upper Amazon Basin.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Myrcia huallagae McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 192. 1956.

M. lanceolata y grandifolia Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 155.

1857.

A shrub or woody vine up to 3-4 meters high, hirsute with lus-

trous red-brown erect stiff or flexuous hairs up to 3.5 mm. long;

leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 3-4 cm. wide, 8-12 cm. long, often 3 times

as long as wide, acute or rather abruptly acuminate, the very tip

blunt; petiole enlarged and dark in color, 4-5 mm. long, 1 mm. thick,

FLORA OF PERU 645

abruptly contracted at the summit and appearing to be attached to

the lower surface of the blade, the base of the blade prolonged 1-2

mm. on each side into an auricle; mid vein on upper surface scarcely

impressed, short-hairy, the hairs paler and more slender than those

elsewhere on the plant; lateral veins inconspicuous, slender, 15-20

pairs (4-6 mm. apart); marginal vein equaling the laterals, 1 mm.

from margin; blades sparingly impressed-punctate above, not visibly

punctate beneath; stipuloid processes acicular, 2.5 mm. long; inflo-

rescence axillary, racemoid, few-flowered, much shorter than the

leaves, up to 4 cm. long, conspicuously bibracteate at the 1-3 nodes,

the bracts surpassing the flowers, persistent, ovate, trough-shaped at

base, acutely pointed, glabrous within, 5 mm. wide, 9-12 mm. long,

sparingly dark-dotted, finely ciliate, with evident mid vein; bracte-

oles similar, smaller; flowers solitary on the branches, or in 3's at the

tips of the lowest branches and the tip of the axis; perianth 4-parted,

the petals white, roundish, about 5 mm. long, the sepals in 2 unequal

pairs, foliaceous, the larger pair like the bracts, 3 mm. wide, 6 mm.

long, the smaller similar, narrower, 5 mm. long; hypanthium with

elongate base 1 mm. thick, 2 mm. long, this concealed by the thickly

aggregated appressed reddish hairs; disk thickly hairy, distinctly

sunken, 3.5 mm. across; style 6 mm. long, hirsute at base for two-

thirds its length; stamens slightly exceeding the style; fruit ellipsoid,

hirsute, 10 mm. thick, 13 mm. long, crowned with the ascending

sepals.— Univ. of Mich. Negs. 1019, 1032.

Loreto: Yurimaguas, Kittip & Smith 27976, 28188, Williams

3837, 3888, 4715. "In sylvis ad Huallagam," Feb., 1831, Poeppig

2267 (type, herb W). Endemic.

Myrcia madida McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 192. 1956.

A tree up to 12 meters high, nearly glabrous but the inflorescence,

petioles, vegetative buds, lower leaf-surfaces, and young shoots bear-

ing very small appressed pale hairs 0.1-0.3 mm. long, these often

wanting or nearly so except on the strongly whitened leaf buds and

the hypanthium, where densely aggregated and somewhat felted to-

gether in drying as if moistened (madida, drenched, sodden) ; leaves

lustrous and coriaceous, elliptic to ovate or obovate, (4-) 6-9 cm.

wide, (9-) 18-23 cm. long, 2.3-3.5 times as long as wide, prominently

and slenderly acuminate, the base rounded but the basal margins

often inrolled and the whole appearing subcuneate, the margins de-

current on the stout dark channeled petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 8-11

mm. long; midvein channeled above near base, distally plane or

finally somewhat raised in a narrow ridge, prominent beneath; lat-

646 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

eral veins 15-18 pairs, evident above, prominulous beneath; mar-

ginal vein about equaling the laterals, somewhat arched between

them, 1.5-3 mm. from margin; leaves olive green or somewhat brown-

ing in drying, smooth and lustrous above with finely reticulate small

veins, dull and pale brown or subglaucous beneath, very finely and

rather thinly appressed-strigose, the surface very minutely roughened

by the loosely arranged epidermis; glands not apparent in mature

leaves; inflorescence a somewhat irregularly 3 to 4 times compound

axillary (or terminal) panicle, 12-17 cm. long and about as wide, the

branches strongly flattened, enlarged and jointed at base, the main

axis up to 3.5 mm. wide below the first node; flowers numerous,

aggregated mostly in threes on short peduncles near the tips of the

branches, the individual flowers on pedicels about 0.7 mm. thick and

up to 1 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles deciduous before anthesis;

buds 4-4.5 mm. long, broadly obconic, the hypanthium about as

long as the calyx-lobes, its felted pubescence diminishing distally;

calyx-lobes broadly rounded, imbricated, unequal, 2-3 mm. wide,

1.5-2.5 mm. long, appressed-pubescent within, sparingly strigose

without; disk 2.5-3 mm. wide, hairy, the center depressed; style

about 6 mm. long, hairy near base; stamens about 125, longer than

the style (up to 7-9 mm. long), the anthers 0.5-0.6 mm. long; petals

obovate, pubescent outside, about 4 mm. long; fruit black, ellipsoid,

7-9 mm. thick, 10-13 mm. long.— Univ. of Mich. Neg. 492.

Loreto: Rio Napo near Mazan, alt. 110 meters, overhanging river,

Jan. 27, 1932, Mexia 6448 (F, type). Manfinfa, upper Rio Nanay,

Williams 1088.

Myrcia mathewsiana (Berg) McVaugh, comb. nov. Aulo-

myrcia mathewsiana Berg, Linnaea 27: 45. 1855.

A shrub or tree, darkening in drying; young branchlets, young

leaves, and inflorescence appressed-puberulent with slender, flexuous

rufous hairs (their bases copper-colored, the tips white) up to 0.5 mm.

long; leaves lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, glabrous except the thinly

strigose midvein and petiole, 2.7-6 cm. wide, 7-12.5 cm. long, (1.5-)

2.5-3 times as long as wide, the tip caudate-acuminate to acute, the

very tip blunt; base rounded; petiole black in drying, 1.5-2 mm.

thick, 5-6 mm. long; midvein impressed above; lateral veins 10-15

pairs and some intermediate ones, reticulate, slightly raised on both

sides; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, arcuate between

them, 2-4 mm. from margin; blades when dry often black above,

reddish-brown beneath; glandular dots not apparent in dried speci-

mens; inflorescence many-flowered, irregularly 4 to 5 times com-

FLORA OF PERU 647

pound, 10-15 (-20) cm. long, the branches compressed below the

nodes, the middle nodes sometimes leaf-bearing; hypanthium 1.5

mm. long in anthesis, turbinate, densely appressed-puberulent with

hairs like those of the inflorescence branches; calyx-lobes strigose

(often sparingly so) or nearly glabrous, deltoid, about 0.8 mm. wide

and long, reflexed after anthesis; disk 1.5 mm. wide; style 3-3.5 mm.

long; petals 1.5 mm. long; stamens 40-50; fruit (not seen mature)

probably globose, about 5-6 mm. in diameter. — F.M. Neg. 23331.

Loreto: Prov. of Moyobamba, 800-900 meters, Weberbauer 4473,

Prov. of Moyobamba, Mathews s.n., Mathews 1453. The type (herb.

W, not seen) is Mathews s.n., "in provincia Chachopayos Peruviae."

Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.

Myrcia mollis (HBK.) DC. Prodr. 3: 256. 1828. Myrtus mollis

HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 141 (folio ed. 112). 1823. Myrcia huano-

censis Berg, Linnaea 31: 250. 71862. Eugenia boliviensis Rusby,

Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 3, pt. 3: 28. 1893.

Shrub or small tree 1-5 meters high, the inflorescence, branchlets

and lower surface of the leaves loosely hirsutulous, with spreading

or ascending soft tawny yellow or brownish hairs up to 0.5 or 1 mm.

long; leaves ovate, 4-6 cm. wide, 8-14 cm. long, 2-2.3 (-2.5) times

as long as wide, broadly and bluntly (or occasionally narrowly) acu-

minate, rounded at base, the margins abruptly decurrent on the stout

channeled petiole 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, 2-4 (-6) mm. long; midvein

somewhat impressed and pubescent above, prominent beneath; lat-

eral veins 10 (-15) pairs, evident and usually impressed above, pro-

minulous beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and

rather strongly arched between them, 1-4 mm. from margin; leaves

mostly drying green, the upper surface lustrous and nearly glabrous,

marked with the reticulate pattern of the small veins, obscurely

glandular with mostly impressed dots when young, the glands not

apparent at maturity; lower surface hirsutulous at least on the veins,

yellowish- or brownish-green, without apparent glands; inflorescence

a broadly axillary or falsely terminal panicle, rather regularly 3 times

compound, the many flowers mostly sessile in 3's near the tips, or

the lateral pair of the terminal triad on pedicels up to 5 mm. long;

branches of the panicle flattened, up to 2.5 mm. wide below the first

node; bracts and bracteoles deciduous at anthesis, the latter elliptic

or ovate, bluntly pointed, 1-2 mm. wide, 2-2.5 mm. long; buds

about 4 mm. long, the hypanthium obconic, conspicuously tawny- or

rufous-hirsute, expanded distally into the calyx; calyx-lobes broadly

648 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

rounded, 5, somewhat unequal, 2.5-3 mm. wide, 2-2.5 mm. long,

soft-hairy both sides; disk 3-3.5 mm. wide, hairy, the center de-

pressed; style (5-) 6.5-7 mm. long, hairy half its length; stamens

about 150, as long as the style or up to 10 mm. long, the anthers

0.5-0.6 mm. long; petals obovate, hairy outside, white, about 4 mm.

long; fruit not seen. — Still to be worked out is the taxonomy of the

several species of Myrcia of this alliance, described by Kunth from

the collections of Bonpland. The species, all described in the genus

Myrtus and later transferred by DeCandolle to Myrcia, include M.

acuminata, M. complicata, M. polyantha and M. mollis. These spe-

cies all belong to the same general group to which M. fallax also

belongs; these have small flowers and relatively coarse panicle-

branches, the hypanthium densely strigose even if the rest of the

inflorescence is glabrous, and the fruit usually ellipsoid. As I under-

stand M. fallax, that species has the panicle sparingly appressed-

hairy or nearly glabrous, and the leaves appressed-pubescent; the

calyx-lobes are short, and glabrous on the inner surface. In M. acu-

minata, which I regard for the purposes of this Flora as synonymous

with M. fallax, the pubescence is more copious, the hairs are some-

what more erect, and the calyx-lobes are often as long as wide or a

little longer. Peruvian specimens with the panicle hirsutulous but

the calyx-lobes glabrous within, and the disk about 2 mm. broad,

have been referred to M. fallax. Typical M. mollis, of Colombia,

has flowers about the same size (disk 2 or as much as 3 mm. broad,

style about 5 mm. long) as those of M . acuminata; the plant is gener-

ally soft-hirsute, and the calyx-lobes are appressed-pubescent within.

The Peruvian specimens referred to M. mollis have larger flowers

than most Colombian specimens, but the collection from Lam-

bayeque (Esposto s.n.} seems otherwise indistinguishable from typ-

ical mollis. The hairs of the panicle rarely exceed 0.5 mm. in length,

the style is about 5 mm. long, the petioles are well-marked, 4-6 mm.

long, and the flowers are crowded near the tips of the branchlets.

Ule's no. 9659 belongs to a well-marked entity of the trans-Andean

lowlands of Bolivia and Peru which perhaps represents a distinct

species, marked by its nearly sessile leaves, greater length of the

hairs and the style, and a tendency for the terminal flowers to be

pedicellate. F.M. Negs. 19793, 36897.

Lambayeque: Monte Seco, quebrada del Rio Zafia, N. Esposto

(USM). — Huanuco: Without locality, Haenke (herb. M, type of M.

huanocensis) . — Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9659. Bolivia to

Colombia and Venezuela.

FLORA OF, PERU 649

Myrcia multiflora (Lam.) DC. Prodr. 3: 244. 1828. Eugenia

multiflora Lam. Encyc. 3: 302. 1789. M. sphaerocarpa DC. I.e. 251.

Aulomyrcia multiflora (Lam.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 47. 1855. A. sphae-

rocarpa (DC.) Berg, I.e. 51. A. sphaerocarpa f complicata Berg, in

Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 86. 1857. A. laruotteana i\ peruviana Berg,

in Mart. I.e. 91. Myrtus fragrans [Ruiz] Herb. Flor. Peruvian., ex

Berg, I.e. •

A shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous, the leaf-buds and young

branchlets, and the inner surface of the calyx-lobes, bearing silvery-

or yellowish-white hairs up to 0.4 mm. long; leaves not darkening in

drying, ovate, or varying toward elliptic, (1.3-) 2-3 cm. wide, (3-)

5-8 cm. long, often 2.5 times as long as wide, the tip prolonged into

a conspicuous blunt curved acumen, the base rounded; petiole less

than 1 mm. thick, 3-5 mm. long; mid vein moderately or scarcely

impressed above, prominent beneath; veins strongly reticulate on

both surfaces, the laterals about 10 pairs, with numerous interme-

diates; marginal vein strongly arched between the laterals, (1-) 2-4

mm. from margin; light brown glandular dots abundant and con-

spicuous on both surfaces; inflorescence axillary or falsely terminal,

up to 12 cm. long, often exceeding the leaves, 3 to 5 times compound,

many-flowered, its branches nearly terete, the axis about 1 'mm. in

diameter; upper branches often alternate and the ultimate dichasia

racemiform, and even the terminal flower pedicellate; lateral pedi-

cels 2-3 mm. long; hypanthium turbinate, 1 mm. long; calyx 2-4 mm.

across at post-anthesis, the lobes rounded-triangular, about 1 mm.

long, ciliate; style (3-) 4 mm. long; petals 1.5 mm. long; stamens

about 50, the anthers 0.2 mm. long. Fruit globose, about 6 mm. in

diameter. — This plant is best known from eastern Amazonian Brazil

to the Guianas and Trinidad. Similar and probably conspecific taxa

occur in southeastern Brazil. The Ruiz collection, at Berlin, referred

by Berg to a variety of the South-Brazilian Aulomyrcia laruotteana,

has presumably been destroyed, but a specimen of "Myrtus fragrans"

from Pavon's herbarium (G) agrees with his description of [var.]

peruviana. It is less prominently glandular than most specimens of

A. multiflora, but in other respects, including the distinctive raceme-

like tips of the panicles, it agrees well with this species. The slightly

compressed panicle-branches are found in other examples of A. multi-

flora, e.g. in Gardner 1616, the type of A. sphaerocarpa [var.] compli-

cata. F.M. Neg. 19863; Univ. of Mich. Neg. 434.

Huanuco: Macora ["Macoxa"], Ruiz. Carpish Divide, 8,500 feet,

Sandeman 5216. — Junin: Huacapistana, Sandeman Jf.39^. Entre

650 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Tarma y San Ramon, debajo de Huacapistana, 1,800-2,200 meters,

Ferreyra 11171, 11222, 11406. — Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Ma-

cauhan, Krukoff 5581 . Trinidad to (probably) southeastern Brazil,

and Bolivia. "Cocacoca" (Ruiz).

Myrcia myrtillifolia DC. Prodr. 3: 250. 1828. Aulomyrcia

myrtillifolia (DC.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 36. 1855.

A small shrub to 1 meter high, nearly glabrous, the leaf-buds,

young petioles and immature branchlets thinly strigose with reddish

or yellowish hairs. Leaves small, broadly elliptic to obovate, 8-15

mm. wide, 9-27 mm. long, 1.5-2 times as long as wide; blades

rounded, retuse, or blunt-pointed at tip, cuneate or somewhat

rounded at base and attenuate to a ventrally grooved petiole 0.7

mm. thick by 4 mm. long; veins 10-15 principal pairs, the interme-

diate ones similar and parallel, in young leaves often forming a con-

spicuous pattern of parallel veins about 1 mm. apart, all veins nearly

straight, not decreasing distally; marginal vein about equal to the

laterals, sinuous, less than 1 mm. from margin; glandular dots appar-

ent in young leaves, much less so at maturity; inflorescence axillary,

3-4 cm. long, mostly exceeding the leaves, once or twice compound;

pedicels 4-7 mm. long; flowers usually 11 or fewer, glabrous except

the strigose inner surface of the calyx-lobes; bracts and bracteoles

1-1.5 mm. long, lanceolate, deciduous as the flowers open; hypan-

thium turbinate, 1.5 mm. high in flower; calyx 3.5 mm. across in

flower, the lobes 5, broadly rounded, finely ciliate, about 0.7 mm.

long, 1.5 mm. wide; style 4 mm. long; anthers 0.3 mm. long; fruit

globose, 5-6 mm. in diameter; ovary 3-locular. — This plant belongs

to a species complex which seems to be absent from the lower Ama-

zon Valley, but is well represented in southeastern Brazil from Bahia

southward. The Klug specimen cited below appears to be a close

match for the type of Myrcia myrtillifolia (Bahia, Martins; seen at M,

1954), and for authentic material of Aulomyrcia buxifolia var. ovalis

Berg, A. caerulescens Berg, A. obovata Berg, and A. ramulosa (DC.)

Berg. Of these species all except one are stated by Berg to have a

bilocular ovary; the exception is A. obovata, which is described and

illustrated (Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 122. pi. 19. 1857) as having a

trilocular ovary. The importance of this character in species differ-

entiation is not sufficiently understood. F.M. Neg. 19825.

San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,200-1,600 meters,

mountain forest, Klug 3289. Tarapoto, Williams 5961, 5990.

Bolivia; southeastern Brazil.

FLORA OF PERU 651

Myrcia neesiana DC. Prodr. 3: 249. 1828. Aulomyrcia neesiana

(DC.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 36. 1855. A. holosericea Berg, in Mart. Fl.

Bras. 14, pt. 1:99. 1857.

A tree, strigose to densely hirsutulous with stiff lustrous grayish-

or yellowish-brown hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, these abundant on the

branchlets, inflorescence, petiole, and hypanthium, and less abun-

dant or sparse on the corolla and the lower surface of the leaves;

leaves elliptic to ovate or obovate, 3.5-7 cm. wide, 12-21 cm. long,

or smaller and narrower in the inflorescence, usually 2.7-3.4 times as

long as wide, acuminate (often abruptly so), gradually narrowed to

base where cuneate or abruptly rounded, the usually strigose-ciliate

margin decurrent on the stout petiole 1-2.5 mm. thick, (4-) 6-10

mm. long; midvein sulcate and usually narrowly impressed above,

stiff-hairy or nearly or quite glabrous, prominent beneath; lateral

veins (10-) 15-20 pairs, flat or very minutely impressed above, prom-

inent beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, and some-

what arched between them, 1-3 mm. from margin (more strongly

arched and often 5-7 mm. from margin in some Brazilian and Boli-

vian plants with broad leaves) ; leaves darkening in drying, the upper

surface often nearly black, somewhat lustrous, nearly glabrous, the

veins reddish, the glands usually not apparent; lower surface dark

brown, very minutely siliceo-verruculose, sparingly strigose or his-

pidulous, with some dark glands; inflorescence an axillary or falsely

terminal panicle up to 10-13 cm. long, rather regularly 2 to 3 times

compound, the branches opposite or nearly so, strongly compressed,

1.5-3 mm. wide below the first node; flowers large, up to about 70;

bracteoles scarious, darkening and deciduous before anthesis, ovate,

pointed, up to 2.5 mm. long; buds nearly glabrous, 4-5 mm. long,

the calyx and hypanthium together forming a hemisphere, which is

truncated by the nearly straight margins of the lobes, which sur-

round loosely the low globe of the petals; calyx-lobes much broader

than long, 2.5-3 mm. wide, 1.3-1.5 mm. long, appressed-pubescent

within, strongly imbricated, rounded at the sides, the distal margin

very slightly curved and the lobe usually appearing truncate; disk

4 mm. wide, hairy, sunken, the cavity 2 mm. deep; style probably

about 6 mm. long, glabrous except at base; stamens about 200, up

to 6 mm. long, the anthers about 0.6 mm. long; petals probably sub-

rotund, 4-5 mm. long; fruit subglobose, about 1 cm. in diameter. —

This assemblage of Amazonian species, referred by Berg to Aulo-

myrcia because of the deeply sunken disk, is probably best regarded

as a single species, characterized by the large, nearly globose and

652 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

densely strigose buds, the truncate calyx and the deeply sunken disk.

The type of Aulomyrcia holosericea, and also a topotype, Williams

4851, are hirsutulous, with leaves mostly 15-20 cm. long, the lateral

veins 15-20 pairs, the inflorescence 10-13 cm. long and up to 70-

flowered. The type of M. neesiana, and also certain Peruvian and

other Brazilian collections (e.g. Tessmann 3472), however, are thinly

or closely strigose, the leaves shorter and broader, often 10-15 cm.

long with 10-15 pairs of veins, the inflorescence 4-8 cm. long, with

30 flowers or as few as 9. Possibly these should be regarded as sub-

specifically, or even specifically different, but the many features

which they have in common seem to preclude the adoption of such

a classification, at least until better flowering and fruiting material

is available. Rather numerous Bolivian collections made by Buch-

tien are here regarded as comprising a part of the inclusive M. neesi-

ana also, although they are even more strongly hirsutulous than

A. holosericea. F.M. Negs. 19826, 23327.

Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2217, type of A. holosericea; Wil-

liams 4851 . Stromgebiet des Ucayali von 10° S. bis zur Miindung,

Tessmann 3472.

A specimen collected by Macbride at Hacienda Schunke, La

Merced, Junin? (no. 5621) is perhaps an extraordinarily vigorous

example of this species. The leaf-blades are 8-10 cm. wide, 15-22

cm. long, and the petioles 2.5-3.5 cm. long; the lower leaf-surfaces

are strongly hirsute, and the veins are more prominent than in other

collections of this species. The fruit, said to be red, is globose and

up to about 1 cm. in diameter. This may represent an undescribed

species, but the specimen has the aspect of a watersprout, and is

said by the collector to be "branchless, about 6 feet high."

Myrcia obumbrans (Berg) McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 193.

1956. Rubachia obumbrans Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 28.

1857. Marlierea obumbrans (Berg) Niedz. in Natiirl. Pflanzenfam.

Ill, pt. 7: 76. 1893.

A shrub or tree, the branchlets, vegetative buds, branches of the

inflorescence and hypanthium densely silky-strigose with minute pale

yellowish-white hairs, the longest up to 0.5 mm. long; bracts and

upper surface of the leaves sparingly pubescent with similar hairs;

leaves very large, sessile, broadly elliptic or ovate, 13-17 cm. wide,

25-32 cm. long, 1.7-2 times as long as wide, abruptly and about

equally rounded to the narrow acumen 1-1.5 cm. long and to the

cordate base; midvein impressed above, sulcate near base but ele-

FLORA OF PERU 653

vated in a narrow ridge near tip, prominent beneath; lateral veins

15-20 pairs, impressed above, prominent beneath; marginal vein

about equaling the laterals and arched between them, 5-9 mm. from

margin, with a weaker submarginal vein outside it; upper surface of

blade darkening in drying, lustrous, reticulate with small raised veins,

somewhat impressed-punctate; lower surface glabrous to minutely

hispidulous, dull and pale, without apparent glands; stipuloid proc-

esses conspicuous, 3-4 mm. long; inflorescence a stout panicle, 3 to 4

times compound, up to 20 cm. long; flowers clustered in 3's near the

tips of the branches, sessile; bracts leafy and conspicuous in the

young inflorescence, deciduous at or before anthesis, the larger boat-

shaped, obtuse, 8 mm. wide, 16 mm. long; bracteoles similar, elliptic,

obtuse, about 1.7 mm. wide, 2-3 mm. long; opening buds 7 mm. long,

narrowly obconic, the hypanthium about 8-ridged, the perianth

folded nearly at right angles across the end; calyx-lobes broadly

rounded, 5, hairy both sides, the larger 6 mm. wide, 3 mm. long;

disk less than 3 mm. in diameter in bud, hirsute within and sunken

1.5 mm. in bud; style glabrous, or hairy at base, 12 mm. long (ex

Berg); stamens about 200; petals five, 12 mm. long (ex Berg), fleshy

in the bud, hairy on the outer surface. — F.M. Neg. 31508.

Loreto: Yurimaguas, Kittip & Smith 28180; Poeppig 2210, type;

Williams 4581 .

Myrcia paivae Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 179. 1857.

M. frontinensis Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 20, Beibl. 49: 63. 1895.

A large shrub, or a tree up to 12 meters high, closely similar to

M. sylvatica, but the leaves larger, usually cuneate and slender-

petiolate at base; pubescence variable, like that of M. sylvatica, or

of very short appressed hairs intermixed with longer appressed hairs,

or mostly of longer and softer hairs, or almost none except on the

hypanthium and vegetative buds; leaves lanceolate or ovate, or often

elliptic and narrowed about equally to both ends; blades 2-4 cm.

wide, 5.5-12 cm. long, often 2.5-3 times as long as wide, prominently

and usually narrowly acuminate at apex, cuneate or sometimes

rounded at base, the margins decurrent on the petiole which is

(3.5-) 4-6 mm. long; upper surface of leaves with impressed glands,

these sometimes inconspicuous in old leaves; venation more con-

spicuous than in M. sylvatica, but the lateral veins usually obscure

above; inflorescence up to 8 cm. long, like that of M. sylvatica except

for the variation in pubescence; disk about 1.5 mm. across, with de-

pressed center; fruit apparently varying from nearly globose to ob-

654 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

long, 5-6 mm. broad, 6-8 mm. long, deep purple to black. — F.M.

Neg. 19835.

San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, Klug 3267. San

Roque, Williams 6983. — Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 621.

Iquitos, Williams 7987; Killip & Smith 26982. Venezuela (Isla de

El Raton, Amazonas), Colombia (Antioquia), Amazonian Brazil,

Bolivia. "Orno pichana" (Williams).

A plant collected by Krukoff (no. 5582) near mouth of Rio Ma-

cauhan, Terr. Acre, Aug. 21, 1933 (US), suggests M. paivae by its

leaf-shape and the presence of numerous, although hardly impressed,

glands. The specimen, however, is almost completely glabrous and

may represent an undescribed species, but additional material is

needed.

In eastern Peru the species of Myrcia in this group are highly

variable and scarcely separable. The pattern of variation suggests

a history of complex hybridization and subsequent introgression.

The original taxa appear to have been at least three, namely: (1) A

species with short petioles, short slender inflorescence and small

flowers, ample and more or less appressed pubescence, and lance-

ovate leaves with evident venation but lacking impressed glands on

the upper surface. This is Myrcia splendens. (2) A species like the

first, with smaller leaves with impressed glands, but the venation

scarcely or not at all apparent on the upper surface; pubescence am-

ple but often minute and tending to be erect rather than appressed;

leaves lanceolate. This is Myrcia sylvatica. (3) A coarser species

with longer petioles, larger flowers, larger and more compressed in-

florescence, sparingly or not at all pubescent, the often elliptic rather

than lanceolate or ovate leaves rather prominently veined but with-

out impressed glands. This is Myrcia fallax.

All three of the above species occur in the Guianas. Two of

them, sylvatica and fallax, are well known farther south in Brazil,

and through most of the Amazon Basin. The third species, splen-

dens, as far as I am aware, does not range far southward in eastern

South America; it is well known in the West Indies and apparently

ranges southward along the lowlands east of the Andes as far as

Bolivia. Plants which I cannot distinguish from West Indian speci-

mens occur in Peru and Bolivia, and a related but small-leaved and

rather heavily strigose taxon (Myrcia saxicola) is found in Peru and

Ecuador. Similar, often abundantly pubescent plants are found at

various localities in Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela.

FLORA OF PERU 655

In eastern Peru and Bolivia and adjacent Brazil, and as far north

and east as Antioquia, Colombia, and central Venezuela (Isla de El

Raton), there is a so-called species, Myrcia paivae Berg, which has

the long petioles and leaf-shape of M. fallax but the inconspicuous

veins, the impressed glands and the small, slender and finely pubes-

cent inflorescence of M. sylvatica.

Similar intermediate forms occur in Peru, Colombia and Vene-

zuela. These have mostly lance-ovate leaves with inconspicuous

veins, impressed glands, and short petioles. The specimens suggest

a condition intermediate between M. splendens and M. sylvatica.

Finally may be mentioned a series of specimens from northern

Bolivia. These have the aspect of M. paivae but lack the impressed

glands on the leaves and have relatively prominent veins. These

specimens suggest intermediates between fallax and a plant like

paivae.

Peruvian specimens of paivae, although consistently slender-peti-

olate, vary in leaf-shape from elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate with long-

tapering base (as in the type of the species), to nearly ovate with

somewhat rounded base. Variation of this kind can be explained, if

the hybrid origin of M . paivae be indeed a fact, on the basis of the

presence of varying numbers of genes derived from the sylvatica an-

cestor. There appears also to be a correlation between leaf-shape

and opacity, i.e. leaves which tend toward a lanceolate or ovate

shape tend also to have the lateral veins less apparent on the upper

surface; this last correlation is highly subjective, however, and is

based upon small numbers of specimens.

Myrcia pentagona McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 193. 1956.

Tree 5 meters high, the branchlets, buds, inflorescence and espe-

cially the hypanthium whitened with straight soft appressed hairs

up to 0.5 mm. long, these often collapsing and matted together in

drying, to give a felted appearance; leaves elliptic, 5-7.5 cm. wide,

20-30 cm. long, 3-4 times as long as wide, gradually or abruptly

acuminate, rounded to the base but the margins strongly inrolled for

1-5 cm. above the base (making the leaf appear subcuneate at base)

and somewhat prolonged and decurrent on the stout, deeply chan-

neled petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 6-8 mm. long; prolonged basal mar-

gins raised above the general surface, appearing as two auricles or

as the ends of two tubes formed by the inrolled portions; midvein

sulcate above, elevated beneath more than its diameter; lateral veins

impressed above and prominulous beneath, with 18-25 pairs much

656 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

stronger than the intermediates, the marginal vein about equaling

the laterals, nearly straight, 2-3 mm. from the margin; upper surface

dark green or brown and lustrous, nearly glabrous, smootb, with

minutely reticulate vein-pattern, the lower surface obscurely ver-

ruculose, sparingly appressed-pubescent, pale brown; glands not

apparent on either surface; inflorescence a stout axillary or falsely

terminal many-flowered panicle 12-15 cm. long and about as wide,

irregularly 3 times compound, the principal branches opposite and

much flattened, the peduncle 2-4 cm. long, up to 4 mm. wide below

the first node; flowers aggregated toward the tips of the branches,

sessile and often alternate along the somewhat 4-angled ultimate

branchlets, or in triads at the tips; bracts and bracteoles scarious,

dark, deciduous before anthesis, the bracteoles ovate, acute, up to

2 mm. long; buds 3.5-4.5 mm. long, the hypanthium obconic, when

dry with 5 prominent ridges opposite the calyx-lobes, the latter

rounded or bluntly (or in the outer acutely) triangular, unequal,

hairy inside, 1.5-2 mm. wide, 1-1.5 mm. long; disk 3^4 mm. wide,

hairy, deeply sunken; style 6-7 mm. long, hairy more than half its

length; stamens up to 8 mm. long, about as long as the style, about

150, the anthers 0.5 mm. long; petals white, ovate to suborbicular,

about 3.5-4 mm. long, hairy outside. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 487.

Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, mouth of Rio Zubineta, alt. 180

meters, forest, May-July, 1931, G. King 2152 (type, F). "Choy-ey"

(Huitoto, Klug).

Myrcia pertusa DC. Prodr. 3: 251. 1828. Aulomyrcia pertusa

(DC.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 47. 1855.

A small tree to 4 meters high, pubescent in the inflorescence and

on the principal veins of the lower leaf-surface with sharp slender

yellowish-white hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, these thickly aggregated

and appressed on the vegetative buds and on the narrow base of the

hypanthium; leaves lanceolate, elliptic or obovate, 2.5-6.5 cm. wide,

7-17 cm. long, usually nearly 3 times as long as wide, acuminate,

the base rounded or subcordate, its margins produced and raised or

undulate at the junction with the flattened petiole 2 mm. long and

nearly as wide; stipular processes 1.5 mm. long, conspicuous; mid-

vein strongly impressed above or nearly flat near base, prominent

beneath and elevated about its own thickness; lateral veins 15-20

pairs, impressed above, prominent beneath; marginal vein similar to

laterals but often stronger, 1-3 mm. from margin; blades lustrous

and polished above, green, with 5-8 large raised glandular dots per

FLORA OF PERU 657

square mm.; lower surface green, dull, the glandular dots inconspic-

uous; inflorescence a broad axillary panicle 8-10 cm. long and almost

as wide, irregularly 3 times compound, many-flowered, the branches

opposite or subopposite, compressed, 2-2.5 mm. wide below the first

node; flowers aggregated near the tips of the branches, sessile but

with a narrow pseudostalk 1-1.5 mm. long, this densely hairy,

abruptly expanded into the broadly funnelform, nearly glabrous

hypanthium; buds about 3 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles linear

or lanceolate and up to 5 mm. long or more (in the type-collection),

deciduous before full anthesis; calyx-lobes broadly rounded, 2 mm.

wide, 1.5 mm. long, ciliate, strigose without, glabrous within, strongly

gland-dotted; disk about 2 mm. wide, hairy, sunken; style 4.5 mm.

long, hairy near base; stamens 250-300, about 6 mm. long; petals

suborbicular, about 2.5 mm. long and wide; fruit not known. —

F.M. Neg. 19839.

Loreto: Florida, at mouth of Rio Zubineta, Klug 2065. Ama-

zonian Brazil, the type from Ega.

Myrcia poeppigiana Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 157.

1857.

A slender shrub up to 3 meters high, or possibly vine-like, hirsute

with lustrous brownish-yellow erect or flexuous hairs up to 1.5 mm.

long; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, (1.5-) 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, (4-) 6-

11 cm. long, often 3 times as long as wide, bluntly pointed or acumi-

nate, the upper surface dark and glabrous except the impressed and

closely fine-hairy mid vein; blade nearly sessile, rounded at base, the

dark petiole about 1 mm. thick, 3-5 mm. long, abruptly contracted

at summit into the midvein, about half its length under the basal

portion of the blade; lateral veins 7-12 pairs, impressed above in age,

raised and evident beneath; marginal vein diminishing from vein to

vein toward apex of leaf, 1-2 mm. from margin between veins, 2-4

mm. at junction with veins; blades not visibly gland-dotted by re-

flected light; stipuloid processes 1.5-2 mm. long; inflorescence 3-6

(-10) cm. long, slender, axillary, 7- to 10- (20-) flowered, the axis

1 mm. or less in diameter, terete; pedicels 3-5 mm. long; bracts and

bracteoles unknown, probably deciduous as the inflorescence ex-

pands; corolla and stamens unknown; calyx-lobes 5, equal, broadly

rounded, about 1.7 mm. wide, 1 mm. long, glabrous or silky-strigose

on the inner surface; hypanthium densely appressed-hirsute; disk

densely short-hirsute, apparently flat or nearly so, about 2.5 mm.

across; style 6 mm. long, hairy half its length; fruit oblong, 6-7 mm.

658 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

thick, 8-9 mm. long. — First collected at Ega, Brazil, in 1831, by

Poeppig (no. 2577). A recent collection is Krukoff's no. 6995 from

the upper Rio Madeira, Amazonas, Brazil. The general morphology

of this species seems to suggest its close relationships to M. bracteata

and M. huallagae, from both of which it is readily distinguished by

the slender bractless inflorescence. F.M. Neg. 23463.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Myrcia salicifolia DC. Prodr. 3: 246. 1828. Aulomyrcia salici-

folia (DC.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 78. 1855.

A shrub or small tree to 10 meters high, nearly glabrous, or the

young shoots, leaf-buds and ventral surface of the petiole strigose

with reddish or dark brown hairs; leaves narrowly elliptic or oblance-

olate, 5-12 mm. wide, 2.5-7 cm. long, (3-) 5-6 (-9) times as long as

wide, tapering to a slender blunt tip (or in oblanceolate leaves the

tip rounded), attenuate to a short petiolar base 2-3 mm. long; mid-

vein convex above and below, about equally prominent on the two

surfaces; lateral veins inconspicuous, 10-12 pairs, the smaller veins

reticulate; marginal vein nearly straight, inconspicuous, about 1 mm.

from margin; blades smooth and lustrous above, paler beneath,

gland-dotted on both sides; inflorescence glabrous, 2-6 cm. long, 1-

to 7-flowered, bearing in addition to the terminal flower 1-3 pairs of

slender divaricate 1-flowered branches 5-15 mm. long; peduncle 1.5-

2 cm. long, 0.5 mm. thick; bracts linear, glabrous, 3-5 mm. long,

deciduous at or before anthesis; bracteoles similar, 1.5 mm. long;

buds 3-4 mm. long, turbinate or obovoid, the hypanthium 1-1.5 mm.

long; calyx-lobes 4 (less often 5), broadly rounded, up to 1 mm. long

and 1.8 mm. wide, thickly pubescent on the inner surface (and some-

times in the sinuses on the outer surface) with very short flaccid

ochraceous broad-based hairs; hypanthium glabrous within, pro-

longed about 1 mm. beyond the summit of the ovary, the orifice

2-3 mm. across; style 4 mm. long; stamens about 50, about as long

as the style; petals white, about 2 mm. wide, 3 mm. long; fruit gla-

brous, apparently black, globose, pyriform, or oblate, 7-10 mm.

across, 7-12 mm. high; seeds about 3, lunate, 6 mm. long. — A dis-

tinctive species, well known from recent collections on the Rio Apa-

poris as well as from older collections on the Rio Vaupe"s; occurs

also as near to the borders of Peru as the Rio Caqueta, Colombia

(Schultes & Cabrera 16364}, and the Rio Japura, Brazil (Martins).

F.M. Neg. 19857.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil and Colombia.

FLORA OF PERU 659

Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 3: 244. 1828.1 Myrtus

splendens Sw. Prodr. 79. 1788. Myrcia sororia DC. I.e. 243. M.

saxicola Berg, Linnaea 27: 92. 1855. M. sericea Berg, I.e. 114.

(?)M. saxicola ft grandifolia Berg, Linnaea 29: 219. 1858. M.

brachylopadia Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 595. 1906. M. lamprosericea

Diels, I.e. 596. M. coroicensis Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4:

354. 1907.

1. Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC., var. splendens.

A shrub or small tree up to 5-6 meters high, abundantly pubes-

cent with lustrous yellowish- or brownish-white hairs up to 1 mm.

long on the leaves, 0.5 mm. long in the inflorescence; hairs appressed

or strongly ascending, the hypanthium, inflorescence-branches and

dorsal surface of the midvein closely silky-strigose or somewhat

shaggy; calyx-lobes and dorsal (lower) leaf-surface sparingly or

closely strigose; leaves subsessile, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or some-

times elliptic, (1-) 2-3 (-4) cm. wide, (2-) 5-7 (-11) cm. long, 2-3

times as long as wide; blades abruptly narrowed at tip to a blunt

point or, usually, broadly or narrowly acuminate; base of blade

rounded and often somewhat cordate-auriculate; petiole stout, ven-

trally grooved, about 1 mm. thick and up to 3 (-4) mm. long; sur-

face features and venation of blades as in M. fallax except that the

midvein bears a line of stiff, often erect hairs most of its length on

the upper surface; marginal vein usually less than 1 mm. from mar-

gin; inflorescence axillary and subterminal, 2-4 (-6) cm. long, with

up to 50 flowers (usually fewer), 3 times compound, the branches

opposite or nearly so, terete or but slightly flattened below the nodes

(1-1.5 mm. wide below the first node) ; flowers aggregated toward the

tips of the branches; buds 2.2-2.5 mm. long before anthesis, the

hypanthium narrowly turbinate; calyx-lobes 5, drying dark, glabrous

on the inner surface, bluntly deltoid or broadly rounded, 1-1.2 mm.

long, about 1.5 mm. wide, often reflexed in post-anthesis; disk about

2 mm. wide, densely hairy, the center slightly or markedly depressed;

style 3.5-4.5 mm. long, hairy near base or below the middle; petals

1 This has long been the accepted name for this species. According to Kuntze,

however, Swartz himself recognized the priority of Jacquin's Collectanea ad Botani-

cam. . . spectantia (vol. 2, 1788) over Swartz' Prodromus, in which the name Myrtus

splendens was published (Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: cxxxi, cxliv. 1891). Eugenia peri-

plocifolia Jacq. (Coll. 2: 108. U. 1788), according to DeCandolle (Prodr. 3: 244.

1828), Berg (Linnaea 27: 105. 1855) and Urban (Bot. Jahrb. 19: 583. 1895), is

identical with Myrtus splendens Swartz; if such actually be the case, Jacquin's

name, being the earlier, is to be transferred to Myrcia to replace Myrcia splendens

(Sw.) DC. I have not been able to form any conclusions as to the identity of

Eugenia periploci folia, and prefer not to make the necessary new combination.

660 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

white, about 2 mm. long; stamens white, about 75-85, 3-3.5 mm.

long; fruit oblong, about 6 mm. thick, 7-8 mm. long. — Closely simu-

lating M. fallax, but smaller in most of its parts than that species,

from which it is distinguished by the abundant appressed pubes-

cence, which often has a grayish appearance, shorter petioles, more

ovate leaves, and short slender inflorescence in which the branches

are hardly or not at all flattened. F.M. Negs. 23469, 31461, 33486;

U. S. Nat. Herb. Negs. 4463, 4468.

I am quite unable to find any morphological distinction between

typical West Indian material of this species, and some of the Peru-

vian specimens cited below (e.g. Klug 702, Klug 3346). Much of

the Peruvian material, however, and some from southern Ecuador,

is of the type exemplified by Poeppig's no. 1755 (the type of Myrcia

saxicola), and Weberbauer's no. 4508 (the type of M. lamprosericea) .

These have the leaves small (often 4 cm. long or less) and relatively

broad; the silky-strigose pubescence covers the inflorescence branches

so abundantly as to give them often a shaggy appearance; the hairs

also extend in abundance to the lower surfaces of the leaves and to

the hypanthium and calyx-lobes.

An extreme in which the long and abundant silky pubescence

covers the young growth and the young leaves is M. sericea Berg

(Poeppig's no. 1675). The type is in very young bud, but as far as

can be ascertained it differs from M. splendens only by the appressed

pale hairs. Of this same general description is M. coroicensis Rusby

(Bang 2276} . An even more remarkable extreme, in which the lus-

trous, silky reddish-yellow hairs are longer than the calyx-lobes, is

var. chrysocoma (see below).

In contrast to the small-leaved specimens of the saxicola-lampro-

sericea type, may be cited certain collections made by Klug (nos.

2181, 2342) at Florida. These seem to represent extraordinarily

vigorous individuals, which differ from ordinary splendens in having

elliptic leaves 4.5-6.5 cm. wide and 12-16 cm. long, and a much-

branched inflorescence up to 15 cm. long.

A doubtful specimen, which may represent an undescribed spe-

cies, was collected near the mouth of Rio Macauhan, Rio Acre, by

Krukoff (no. 5582). The inflorescence is very slender and relatively

few-flowered, the disk is 2.5 mm. wide, and the whole plant is gla-

brous except the hypanthium and disk, the calyx-lobes (both sides),

and the petals.

San Martin : Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, Klug 3346. Province

of Moyobamba, Mathews. Moyobamba, 800-900 meters, Weber-

FLORA OF PERU 661

bauer 4508, isotype of M. lamprosericea (herb. USM). Tarapoto,

Williams 5434, 5789, 5804, 5872, 6089, 6283, 6296, 6413, 6429. San

Roque, Williams 7685. — Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Klug 702.

Florida, Klug 2182, 2342. Manfinfa, upper Rio Nanay, Williams

1146. Tierra Doble, Rio Nanay, Williams 908. Iquitos, Killip &

Smith 27034; Tessmann 3604, 5337; Williams 8038. — Huanuco:

Pampayacu, Kanehira 15. Mufia, about 7,000 feet, 3924. Cuchero,

Poeppig 1675 [= Poeppig 58, = Poeppig 143], type of M. sericea.

Rupes ad Cassapi, Poeppig 1755, type of M. saxicola. Cassapi,

Mathews 1958. Monzon, 2,000-2,500 meters, Weberbauer 3526

(herb. USM). — Junin: Huacapistana between Tarma and San Ra-

mon, Ferreyra 273. Near Huacapistana, Weberbauer 2100, isotype

of M. brachylopadia (herb. USM). — Ayacucho: Ccarrapa, Killip &

Smith 22474- Aina, Killip & Smith 22530.— Cuzco: Choquello-

huanca(?), Vargas C. 8187. Marcapata Valley between Chaupi-

chaca and Tio, 1,900 meters, Weberbauer 7853. Callanga, Woyt-

kowski 389. — Locality uncertain: Corapacho, Ruiz & Pavdn, lecto-

type of M. acuminata 6 peruviana (herb. F, G). "Puchcu-huaiu,"

"Pampa-Ore'gano," "Vicho caspi" (Williams); "Choi-ey" (Huitoto

language, Klug); "Ucucha-huasi" (Williams). Bolivia to the West

Indies.

2. Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC., var. chrysocoma McVaugh,

Fieldiana Bot. 29: 193. 1956.

A tree, with the general aspect of Myrcia splendens var. splen-

dens, but hirsute, the pubescence dense, consisting of appressed or

ascending, lustrous, silky, reddish yellow or yellowish hairs up to

1 mm. long or a little more, the hairs surpassing the calyx-lobes. —

Univ. of Mich. Neg. 457.

San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Rio Cainarachi, alt. 230 me-

ters, in forest, Sept.-Oct., 1932, Klug 2622 (type, US).

Myrcia subglabra McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 194. 1956.

A tree 6 meters high, with strongly flattened branchlets, nearly

completely glabrous except that the petals are hairy outside and the

vegetative buds are densely appressed pubescent with straight lus-

trous yellowish white hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves elliptic-lanceo-

late or narrowly ovate, 2-6 cm. wide, 8-20 cm. long, variable on each

plant, 2.4-4 times as long as wide, gradually acuminate and often

attenuate at tip, rounded toward base and at very base usually cune-

ate, the margins long-decurrent on the petiole up to 1.5 mm. thick,

5-8 mm. long; midvein impressed above except near tip, pubescent

662 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

except near base, prominent beneath; lateral veins 15-18 pairs, some-

what elevated above in drying, prominulous beneath, the parallel

intermediate veins less conspicuous than small irregular transverse

veins which produce an angular reticulate pattern on both surfaces;

marginal vein about equaling the laterals, strongly arched between

them, 1-6 mm. from margin, with a weaker submarginal vein out-

side it; leaves in drying nearly concolorous, green or light brown,

both surfaces lustrous and bearing elevated large dark circular glands,

these up to 0.3 mm. wide, 1-2 per square mm.; inflorescence a many-

flowered broad panicle, 3 to 4 times compound, the branches oppo-

site or subopposite, flattened, the axis about 2 mm. wide below the

first node; flowers mostly pedicellate, solitary or in 3's near the tips

of the branches; bracts and bracteoles deciduous at anthesis, the

former foliaceous, elliptic, less than 1 cm. long, the bracteoles linear,

acute, ciliate, 1-1.5 mm. long; buds 3-4 mm. long, subglobose even

when young, the hypanthium completely glabrous or with a very

few hairs on the narrow pseudostalk which is 1 mm. long or less;

calyx-lobes broadly rounded, 1.5-2 mm. wide, 1-1.3 mm. long, ciliate

but glabrous on both surfaces; disk 2.5-3 mm. wide, deeply sunken,

white-hairy; style 6-7 mm. long, hairy at base only; stamens about

200, the longest about equaling the style; anthers 0.6 mm. long;

petals probably obovate, 4 mm. long, hairy outside; fruit ellipsoid-

oblong, 5-7 mm. in diameter, about 1 cm. long, the hypanthium

prolonged into a cylindrical neck 3^4 mm. thick, 2 mm. long. — One

of the most distinctive species of Myrcia, thus far known only from

the Mapiri region of northern Bolivia, where collected several times

in the subtropical forested areas, at elevations of 570-850 meters.

Peru (probably). Bolivia.

Myrcia sylvatica1 (Mey.) DC. Prodr. 3: 244. 1828. Myrtus syl-

vaticus Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 191. 1818. Myrcia ambigua DC. I.e.

252. M. ambigua a dives and 0 multiflora Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14,

pt. 1: 180. 1857.

A shrub or small tree up to 4 (-6) meters high, finely pubescent

on the inflorescence and young growth; hairs of two types, the inflo-

rescence and vegetative branchlets densely hispidulous with minute

upright or ascending hairs about 0.1 mm. long, and beset also, espe-

cially at nodes and on the hypanthium, with appressed lustrous

1 The name of this species is probably a later synonym of Myrtus lucida L.

Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1056. 1759. The type, which I examined in the Linnaean Her-

barium in 1954 (Specimen no. 637-9), resembles M. sylvatica closely except that

the leaves are not noticeably impressed-puncticulate.

FLORA OF PERU 663

yellowish white hairs up to more than 0.5 mm. long; leaves lanceo-

late to narrowly ovate, 1-2 (-2.8) cm. wide, 4.5-7 cm. long, 2.5-3.5

(-5) times as long as wide, strigose beneath especially on the promi-

nent midvein; blades prominently and often narrowly acuminate,

blunt at very tip, rounded at base; petiole stout, often twisted, more

than 0.5 mm. thick, 2-2.5 (-3) mm. long; upper surface of blade

bright green and lustrous, abundantly impressed-dotted, the mid-

vein impressed, the lateral veins scarcely or not apparent when dry;

lower surface dull and paler, the lateral veins inconspicuous, about

15 pairs sometimes slightly raised, or these about equaling inter-

mediate veins and the leaf having up to 40 parallel lateral veins on

each side; small veins between the laterals inconspicuous, the vena-

tion thus not appearing reticulate; marginal vein about equaling the

laterals, and arched slightly between the larger ones, about 0.5 mm.

from margin; inflorescence axillary or sub terminal, up to 6 cm. long,

3 to 4 times compound, the branches opposite or subopposite, terete

or nearly so, the axis less than 1 mm. in diameter below the first node,

the flowers aggregated in 3's near the tips of the branches; buds 1.5-

2 mm. long just before anthesis, the hypanthium narrowly turbinate;

calyx-lobes 5, drying dark, strigose without, glabrous within, bluntly

triangular, about 0.5 mm. long and a little more in width, mostly

erect in post-anthesis and in fruit; disk 1-1.5 mm. wide, densely

hairy, the middle slightly depressed; style 2.5-3.5 (-4) mm. long,

hairy at base; petals white, about 1.5 mm. long; stamens about 50-

75, 2.5-3.5 mm. long; fruit oblong, black, 3.5-4 mm. thick, 5-6 mm.

long. — The Peruvian specimens cited below have lanceolate leaves

which are considerably larger than usual in this species (2-2.5 cm.

wide, 5.5-9.5 cm. long, the petioles often 4 mm. long). The inflores-

cence is often 4 times compound and somewhat more silky than

usual, and the buds may be 2-2.5 mm. long. These variations may

be related to the presence of other species in eastern Peru (see dis-

cussion under Myrcia paivae).

Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27044- Mishuyacu, near Iquitos,

King 106, 453, 540, 563, 565. Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil to the

Guianas.

Narrow-leaved extremes are: Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay, Wil-

liams 656. — San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6003.

Myrcia yungasensis Rusby, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 3, pt. 3: 27.

1893. Aulomyrcia poeppigiana Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1:

123. 1857, not Myrcia poeppigiana Berg, 1857.

664 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

A shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous, the antrorsely appressed

short rufous pubescence dense on bracts, buds and very young leaves,

a few hairs persisting at leaf-maturity on the petiole and the mid-

vein; leaves elliptic, 2-4 cm. wide, 4.5-8.5 cm. long, often twice as

long as wide; blades narrowed about equally to both ends, the tip

blunt or rounded or with a broad blunt acumen, the base rounded

to obtuse or sometimes cuneate; petiole stout, 3-5 mm. long, 1-1.5

mm. thick; mid vein flat or convex above, or sulcate near base; lateral

veins 15-20 pairs; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and little

arched between them, 1-1.5 (-2) mm. from margin; glandular dots

apparent on lower surface, scarcely so on upper; inflorescence axil-

lary or falsely terminal, 5-11 cm. long, often about equaling the

leaves, 2 or 3 (rarely 4) times compound, the branches opposite to

subopposite or irregularly alternate, the whole often more or less

irregularly flowered by abortion and reduced to a series of raceme-

like branches; flowers sessile, but the fruit often appearing to termi-

nate pedicels 2-5 mm. long (two flowers of the ultimate dichasium

having aborted) ; flowers glabrous except the glistening-strigose inner

surface of the calyx-lobes; hypanthium 2-2.5 (-3.5) mm. long in bud,

turbinate, the rim prolonged about 1 mm. above the ovary in post-

anthesis; calyx-lobes 5, rounded, slightly unequal, about 1 mm. long,

1.5-2 mm. wide; style 4 mm. long, deciduous shortly after stamens

and corolla; stamens 100-200, in about 3 rows; fruit globose, about

4 mm. in diameter. — This is the Peruvian representative of a species

complex which is well represented in Amazonian Brazil and which

extends into Colombia and the Guianas. The Amazonian species

which appear to belong to this complex are listed above, in the sy-

nonymy of Myrcia amazonica. Apparently Aulomyrcia uaupensis

Berg, from the Rio Vaupe"s, also belongs to this alliance, and A. in-

aequiloba (DC.) Amsh. (A. pirarensis Berg), of the Guianas, is very

closely similar. Plants from Amazonian Brazil (i.e. Myrcia ama-

zonica as understood in the present Flora] may ordinarily be dis-

tinguished from M. yungasensis by the leaves, which blacken in

drying and which may be somewhat prominently acuminate. The

inflorescence in M. amazonica usually seems rather more slender than

in M. yungasensis, and is often markedly rufous-pubescent. The

flowers in the Peruvian plant are slightly larger than in most speci-

mens from the lower Amazon. These differences are perhaps incon-

sequential, but as they seem to be rather consistently correlated with

geographical distribution the present species may well be maintained

pending a general revision of the whole amazonica complex. F.M.

Neg. 23337 (not type, which is Poeppig's no. 2834).

FLORA OF PERU 665

San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5613, 5870, 6111, 6297, 6320,

6329, 6667—Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 3840, 4543, 7826. Rio

Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9654- Amazonian Brazil; Bolivia. A

specimen from Mishuyacu, Klug 44$, is slightly more pubescent and

has some much larger and acuminate leaves up to 6 cm. wide, 15 cm.

long, and style 8 mm. long, but seems otherwise indistinguishable.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES

Myrcia elattophylla Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 595. 1906. Peru: ad

viam a Sandia ad Chunchusmayo ducentem inter Ichubamba et

Yumcacoya, in fruticetis 1800-2600 m.s.m., flor. m. Jun. 1902,

Weberbauer 1101 (herb. Berol., type). Not seen; I have not been

able to find a specimen of this number, nor of the type numbers of

M. heliandina and M. stenocymbia, at any herbarium in the United

States. In 1954 I searched for these specimens without success at

Geneva, Kew, Paris and Munich. Dr. Ferreyra, at my request,

searched for them but equally without success, among the Weber-

bauer collections at Lima.

The description of M. elattophylla suggests a species related to

M. splendens, M. mollis, or M. ambivalens.

Myrcia heliandina Diels, I.e. 594. Peru: Dep. Amazonas a Cha-

chapoyas orientem versus pr. Molinopampa in sclerophylletis cum

arboribus parvis turn fruticibus variis compositis 2000-2300 m.s.m.,

flor. m. Jul., 1904, Weberbauer 4338 (herb. Berol., type). Not seen;

see note above. Compared by Diels with M. acuminata (M. fallax) .

Myrcia stenocymbia Diels, I.e. 596. Peru: Dep. Junin, prov.

Tarma in valle Chanchamayo pr. La Merced in silvis apertis, 1000

m.s.m., flor. Decemb. 1902, Weberbauer 1884 (herb. Berol., type).

Not seen; see note above. Compared tentatively by Diels with

M. poeppigiana.

Subtribe EUGENIINAE Berg

Trees or shrubs, with the flowers in Peruvian species solitary, or

in dichasia or racemes (the latter including species with "glomerate"

or "subumbellate" flowers). Calyx-lobes usually 4 and distinct.

Cotyledons large, fleshy and plano-convex, or the embryo undivided

and appearing monocotyledonous. Radicle very short or up to

about one-half the length of the cotyledons, or in the species with

undivided embryo not discernible in the seed. Ovary 2 (-3) -1 ocu-

lar, the ovules in each locule numerous, or 2 and collateral, affixed

to the central axis.

666 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

4. EUGENIA L.

Reference: Berg, Linnaea 27: 140-306. 1856; and in Mart. PI.

Bras. 14, pt. 1: 214-326. 1857.

Calyx-lobes 4, distinct and imbricated in bud and in anthesis,

and usually persistent on the fruit (in some species loosely coherent

below the tips until anthesis). Hypanthium little or not at all pro-

longed beyond the summit of the ovary. Petals as many as the

calyx-lobes, usually conspicuous. Ovary usually bilocular, the ovules

numerous (or as few as 3) in each locule, usually in a subcapitate

group attached near the middle of the central dissepiment. Seeds

one or two, the ovary as far as known undivided, pseudomonocoty-

ledonous, the separate structures of cotyledon, radicle and plumule

not discernible. Inflorescence fundamentally a raceme, i.e. the

branches (in E. stipitata) or individual flowers (in all other Peruvian

species) in decussate pairs; terminal flower of the axis usually want-

ing; axis sometimes extremely shortened, the flowers then appearing

as if in axillary fascicles, umbels or glomerules; flowers, if occasion-

ally solitary, arising from the basal bracteate nodes of new branches

which are leafy above, or from the bracteate nodes of abortive axil-

lary buds; bracteoles at base of flower often broad and persistent,

sometimes connate.

One of the very large genera of flowering plants; the American

species, according to an estimate made by Berg in 1859, number 537.

The actual number is probably considerably smaller than this: ac-

cording to Bentham the whole genus includes no more than about

500 good species. According to Merrill and Perry (Mem. Am. Acad.

18, pt. 3: 136. 1939) about 2500 species in the New and the Old

World have been described in, or transferred to, Eugenia. The

limits of the inclusive genus Eugenia have been the subject of much

controversy. Many modern authors prefer to segregate the very

numerous species of southeastern Asia as a distinct genus, Syzygium

Gaertn. American authors generally have been reluctant to recog-

nize all the segregate genera described by Berg, e.g. Stenocalyx,

Phyllocalyx, Siphoneugena, and Myrciaria.

Plinia L., which was not recognized by 19th and 20th century

authors before the work of Urban (Repert. Sp. Nov. 15: 412-413.

1919), appears to be a distinct taxon, as do Myrciaria Berg and

Myrcianthes Berg.

Leaves ternate, or opposite at some nodes, 2 cm. long or less; flowers

solitary, axillary; Cajamarca, north to Colombia.

(see E. triquetra, under Myrcianthes, p. 774)

FLORA OF PERU 667

Leaves opposite, or occasionally subopposite.

Flowers large, 7-8 cm. across the spreading stamens, the style 3.5-

4 cm. long; inflorescence a stout terminal raceme with 2-4

pairs of flowers; plant glabrous, with long, tapering leaves,

mostly in cultivation E. jambos

Flowers much smaller, the style 1.5 cm. long or less, the stamens

about as long as the style or shorter; inflorescence axillary or

falsely terminal; plants various, at least the inflorescence usu-

ally pubescent.

Racemes irregularly compound, the individual branches cy-

mosely 3- (or rarely 7-) flowered or 1-flowered; hypanthium

on a slender stipe (pseudostalk) often longer than itself,

the linear deciduous bracteoles thus well below the flower,

and the central flower of the cymose clusters apparently

pedicellate E. stipitata

Leaves ovate or broadly elliptic, 5-6 cm. wide, 1.8-2.3 times

as long as wide; veins impressed above, the lower leaf-

surface thickly covered with erect acute hairs up to 0.5

mm. long; pedicels usually bibracteolate about the mid-

dle or below; style 7-8.5 mm. long, glabrous; calyx-lobes

4-5 mm. long E. stipitata subsp. stipitata

Leaves elliptic, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, 2.2-3.3 times as long as wide;

veins scarcely apparent above, not impressed; lower leaf-

surface glabrous at maturity, or hispidulous on the veins,

or covered with minute hairs 0.1 mm. long; pedicels

bibracteolate 3-5 mm. below the hypanthium; style 5-

6.5 mm. long, pilose at base; calyx-lobes 2.5-3 mm. long.

E. stipitata subsp. sororia

Racemes simple, the primary branches (pedicels) 1-flowered;

rarely the racemes racemosely compound, or with 2-3

flowers arising together from a node of the axis, or with

1-2 additional, subordinate racemes arising from the low-

est nodes of the primary one; hypanthium not slender-

stipitate, the bracteoles close to and often surrounding the

base of the flower Key A

A (See also second A, p. 671). Axis of the raceme relatively slender

and elongate, 3-5 cm. long or more; if shorter, then the inter-

nodes much longer than the diameter of the axis and some or

all of them 5 mm. long or more.

668 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Axis of the raceme 1.5 cm. long or less, the ascending slender

pedicels often as long as, or longer than, the axis; inflores-

cence appressed-strigose or -silky.

Calyx-lobes 2.5 mm. long or less, not foliaceous; leaves less than

10 cm. long, impressed-punctate above, the lateral veins

not at all or scarcely apparent.

Leaves acuminate and prominently mucronate, very variable

in size and shape, the blades usually lanceolate but vary-

ing from ovate to linear E. biflora

Leaves cuneate-obovate, 4 cm. long or less, rounded or bluntly

pointed at apex E. inundata

Calyx-lobes 7-16 mm. long, foliaceous; leaves 9-18 cm. long,

not impressed-punctate, normally veiny E. macrocalyx

Axis of the raceme 2 cm. long or more or, if shorter, the pedicels

4-7 mm. long, widely spreading and much shorter than the

axis; pubescence and foliage various, the leaves neither mucro-

nate nor small, and obovate-cuneate.

Hypanthium glabrous without, the plants nearly glabrous, usu-

ally finely pubescent in the inflorescence; small-flowered

species with slender, loosely flowered racemes.

Lateral veins of the leaves 12-15 or more pairs, wide-spread-

ing and nearly straight, the marginal vein nearly straight

between the laterals and amply distinct from them, 2-4

mm. from the margin; inflorescence closely appressed-

pubescent, the calyx-lobes and bracteoles fimbriate-

ciliate E. calva

Lateral veins 10 pairs or fewer, curved and ascending, at least

the basal ones diminishing distally and not forming a

definite marginal nerve; inflorescence glabrous, finely

hispidulous, or with minute appressed dibrachiate hairs;

calyx-lobes and bracteoles sparsely short-ciliate.

E. florida

Hypanthium, at least the base, thickly strigose or pubescent

without; plants variously pubescent, the inflorescence usu-

ally markedly so; flowers and racemes various.

Leaves rounded or obtuse at tips, broadly elliptic-ovate, 7 cm.

long or less; plants densely ferruginous-tomentose; flow-

ers up to 4 pairs in a stout raceme 2 cm. long, or some

flowers solitary near the base of new leafy shoots.

E. racemiflora

FLORA OF PERU 669

Leaves usually markedly acuminate, relatively narrow and

more than 7 cm. long; plants various, not ferruginous-

tomentose (in E. atroracemosa rufous-velutinous) ; flowers

all racemose.

Bracts, bracteoles and calyx-lobes thickly beset with dark

raised rounded glands, but inconspicuously if at all

pubescent.

Pubescence of appressed reddish-brown, partly dibrachi-

ate hairs, intermixed with shorter erect hairs; con-

nate bracteoles forming an involucre-like cupule 2.5

mm. across; larger calyx-lobes 2.5 mm. long; style

5-6 mm. long; stamens about 100; coastal Ecuador

(and Peru?) E. pustulescens

Pubescence of appressed grayish-white hairs; cupule 4

mm. across; calyx-lobes 4 mm. long; style 8 mm.

long; stamens 250-300; Amazonian Peru.

E. polyadena

Bracts, bracteoles and calyx-lobes not at all glandular or

inconspicuously so, but at least the calyx variously

and often conspicuously pubescent.

Mid vein elevated above in a narrow median line; inflo-

rescence slender, the axis mostly not more than

1 mm. thick, closely appressed-pubescent with red-

dish brown, mostly dibrachiate hairs . . E. dibrachiata

Midvein impressed; inflorescence various.

Calyx-lobes 8-9 mm. long; bracteoles 6 mm. wide,

3-4 mm. long E. ulei

Calyx-lobes 4.5 mm. long or less.

Bracteoles orbicular or wider than long, 5-6 mm.

wide, 4-5 mm. long, membranous, glabrous, en-

veloping and concealing most of the bud; axis

of the raceme 1 mm. wide; disk 4 mm. wide;

calyx-lobes 4 mm. long E. ependytes

Bracteoles ovate or deltoid, 3 mm. long and wide or

often smaller, much shorter than the bud.

Axis of the raceme slender, 0.5-1 mm. thick (meas-

ured just below the lowest node); leaves

mostly less than 10 cm. long; flowers small,

the disk 2 mm. wide or less.

670 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Leaves tomentose beneath, sub-vernicose and

rough above, with many glandular dots.

E. curvipilosa

Leaves glabrous or essentially so at maturity,

the upper surface smooth, rather dull,

eglandular E. limbosa

Axis of the raceme stouter, 1-2 mm. thick or more

(measured just below the lowest node) ; leaves

mostly more than 10 cm. long; flowers larger,

the disk 2.5 mm. wide or more.

Lateral and marginal veins impressed above,

prominent beneath.

Lateral veins 8-12 pairs; leaves caudate-

acuminate; disk 6 mm. wide; veins of

the lower leaf-surface appressed-pubes-

cent with tawny hairs . . . .E. longicuspis

Lateral veins about 15-20 pairs; leaves mod-

erately acuminate; disk 3-3.5 mm. wide;

veins of the lower leaf -surface velutinous

with erect rufous hairs . . E. atroracemosa

Lateral and marginal veins elevated slightly on

the upper surface when dry, inconspicuous

or scarcely apparent beneath; lower leaf-

surface glabrous or with very short, closely

appressed colorless hairs.

Leaves glabrous beneath, rigidly coriaceous

with involute margins, 1.6-2.2 times as

long as wide; lower leaf-surface almost

featureless, the veins scarcely apparent;

pedicels stout, 3.5-6 mm. long; bracteoles

2.5 mm. long and wide; calyx-lobes 3.5-

4.5 mm. long and wide; disk 4 mm. wide.

E. discors

Leaves minutely appressed-pubescent beneath

with hairs 0.1-0.2 mm. long; blades flat,

2-3.5 times as long as wide; veins appar-

ent but inconspicuous beneath; pedicels

up to 8-12 mm. long, or the upper ones

only 2-4 mm. long; bracteoles 1.5 mm.

FLORA OF PERU 671

long and wide; calyx-lobes 2.5-3 mm.

long and wide; disk 2.5-3 mm. wide.

E. riparia

A (See also first A, p. 667). Axis of the raceme much abbreviated,

2 cm. long or usually much less; if more than 1 cm. long the

nodes approximate and the internodes 3 mm. long or less, and

hardly longer than the thickness of the stout angled rachis;

flowers often glomerate, sometimes solitary at the lowest nodes

of new leafy branchlets, and in axillary clusters or short racemes

on the same plant.

Leaves markedly bullate, large and broad (5-10 cm. wide), elliptic

to obovate; racemes mostly 10-18 mm. long, the axis quad-

rangular, with up to 8-13 pairs of slender-pedicelled flowers.

E. tetrasticha

Leaves flat, or the principal veins impressed above; blades vari-

ously shaped.

Outer corky layers of the petiole irregularly loosening and flak-

ing off, the whole much roughened and appearing 3-5 mm.

thick; leaves large, 20-35 cm. long, 3-5 times as long as

wide; flowers clustered on old wood, the axis 4 mm. long

or less.

Leaves mostly oblanceolate, cordate-auriculate and subsessile

(petiole 3-5 mm. long and about as thick) ; lateral veins

about 15 pairs; midvein impressed above; calyx-lobes

4-5 mm. long E. multirimosa

Leaves elliptic-oblong, rounded at base, the petiole 10-18 mm.

long and 3-4 mm. thick; lateral veins 20-30 pairs; mid-

vein convex above; calyx-lobes 6-8 mm. long.

E. tumulescens

Petiole smooth or wrinkled, not thick and exfoliating, rarely

more than 2 mm. thick; leaves and flowers various.

Large-leaved, large-flowered, coarse species (leaves 23-35 cm.

long or more; petioles 2-4 mm. thick; buds 1-2 cm. long;

anthers 1-1.8 mm. long).

Lateral veins 25-30 pairs; marginal vein about as strong as

the laterals; leaves about 4 times as long as wide; buds

probably 2 cm. long, the suborbicular calyx-lobes up to

15 mm. long; bracteoles elliptic, probably deciduous.

E. scalariformis

672 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Lateral veins 9-12 pairs, prominent and ascending but

diminishing distally and scarcely forming a marginal

vein; leaves 2.3-3 times as long as wide; buds about

1 cm. long, the triangular or oblong calyx-lobes 4-

6 mm. long; bracteoles obovate, enveloping the bud,

their narrow connate bases forming a collar about

the pedicel E. myrobalana

Leaves usually smaller, or with a definite marginal vein;

flowers various, the buds mostly less than 1 cm. long;

bracteoles usually small and persistent.

Calyx-lobes foliaceous, elongate, erect, 7-9 mm. long at

an thesis, separated by broad rounded sinuses; leaves

9-18 cm. long, with about 10 pairs of veins; anthers

0.3 mm. long E. macrocalyx

Calyx-lobes not or scarcely foliaceous, mostly broad, con-

cave and imbricate; if more than 6 mm. long the mar-

gins variously connate or overlapping, and the anthers

1-1.5 mm. long; leaves various.

Leaves with a glabrous cartilaginous margin (visible from

above), this formed by a heavy convex vein about

twice as thick as the lateral veins; blades elliptic-

oblong, 6-8.5 cm. wide, 12-14 cm. long; plants velu-

tinous with coarse reddish-brown hairs; flowers in

sessile glomerules E. percincta

Leaves without a heavy vein at the margin; plants not

coarsely rufous- velutinous; flowers various.

Calyx-lobes large (the larger ones 5-8 mm. long or

more), often as broad as long, much imbricated

but distinct from the first, glabrous within; flow-

ers probably always in sessile clusters on old wood.

Inflorescence minutely appressed-pubescent with

glistening brown hairs; leaves papillose-rough-

ened above; style 9-10 mm. long.

E. tenuimarginata

Plants glabrous except the ciliate margins of the peri-

anth-lobes and bracteoles; leaves smooth above;

style 15 mm. long or more.

Leaves 8-14 cm. wide and about 1.5 times as long;

disk 4-5 mm. wide; anthers 2-2.3 mm. long.

E. chartacea

FLORA OF PERU 673

Leaves 4-7.5 cm. wide and 3-3.5 times as long;

disk 6-7 mm. wide; anthers 1-1.3 mm. long.

E. illepida

Calyx-lobes smaller (the larger ones 6 mm. long or less)

or if longer (up to 9-10 mm. long) then oblong,

usually hooded at tips and loosely connate in the

bud; inner surface of calyx-lobes glabrous or pu-

bescent; flowers various.

Bracteoles early deciduous (just before, or usually

much before anthesis) or wanting (unknown in

E. quebradensis), subulate or linear or some-

times lanceolate to ovate, narrowed at base,

not connate.

Inflorescence, especially the hypanthium, heavily

pubescent or tomentose with gray, white, or

light yellowish hairs.

Branchlets and inflorescence tomentose with

crisped, matted hairs; flowers sessile in

small clusters; leaves lanceolate, 0.8-1.5

cm. wide and 5-6 times as long; Lam-

bayeque E. quebradensis

Branchlets and inflorescence strigose or veluti-

nous, the hairs mostly straight and ascend-

ing; flowers pedicellate; leaves ovate to

elliptic or oblong.

Leaves 2-6 cm. long; flowers mostly 1-2 pairs,

often from the lowest axils of new leafy

branches.

Bracteoles ovate or lanceolate, blunt; pedi-

cels, hypanthium and calyx velutinous;

Junfn E. barbata

Bracteoles subulate; hypanthium closely

strigose, the pedicel sparsely so, the

calyx glabrate; Bolivia. . .E. mandonii

Leaves 8-24 cm. long; flowers up to 6 pairs

in axillary racemes; bracteoles subulate;

Amazon basin E. prosoneura

Hairs of the inflorescence red or copper color or

dark purplish-brown.

674 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Hairs coarse, dark purplish-brown; leaves nar-

rowly elliptic, 14-24 cm. long.

E. gomesiana

Hairs slender, reddish or pale copper color;

leaves broader, mostly less than 15 cm.

long.

Bracts 1 mm. long, broadly rounded at tips

and convex on the backs, inconspicuous;

calyx-lobes 2.5 mm. long, pubescent ex-

cept at tips, triangular, the long points

longer than the corolla in bud . . E. aerosa

Bracts elongate, 1.5-7 mm. long, delicate,

loosely imbricated in 4 ranks at the bases

of racemes and new shoots; calyx-lobes

short and broadly rounded, 1.5 mm. long,

glabrous both sides, much shorter than

the corolla in bud E. patrisii

Bracteoles persistent, usually until after the fruit

falls, lanceolate or broader, broad-based, often

connate and involucre-like.

Calyx-lobes oblong or elliptic, longer than the

petals in bud, hooded and thickened at tips,

connate in bud below the middle but separat-

ing and reflexed at an thesis, glabrous within;

anthers 1-1.5 mm. long.

Buds 12-15 mm. long; calyx-lobes 8-10 mm.

long in flower; stamens 300 or more.

E. schunkei

Buds 9 mm. long or less; calyx-lobes 3-5 mm.

long in flower (up to 9 mm. long in fruit) ;

stamens 75-175.

Lateral veins about 20 pairs; buds 6 mm.

long, closed at the tip; pedicels 8-20

mm. long E. hexovulata

Lateral veins 6-15 pairs; calyx-lobes distinct

in bud at least distally; pedicels 2-8 mm.

long (or a little longer in fruit).

Buds 4.5-5 mm. long; calyx-lobes 3-3.5

mm. long; style 6-7 mm. long.

E. cuspidifolia

FLORA OF PERU 675

Buds 6-9 mm. long; calyx-lobes 3.5-6 mm.

long (to 9 mm. long in fruit); style

(unknown in E. acrensis} 10 mm. long.

Calyx permanently velutinous; lateral

veins 12-15 pairs, the basal not

strongly ascending; leaves with nu-

merous small convex glands above.

E. acrensis

Calyx glabrescent; lateral veins 6-10

pairs, the basal ones often strongly

ascending and not forming a defi-

nite marginal vein; leaves very

smooth and eglandular above.

E. feijoi

Calyx-lobes various, not hooded or thickened at

the tips nor connate below the middle; an-

thers usually less than 1 mm. long Key B

B (See also second B, p. 676). Inflorescence, including the hypan-

thium, appressed-pubescent, velutinous or tomentose with red-

dish or reddish-brown hairs.

Bracteoles ovate, 1.5 mm. long, not connate.

Calyx-lobes 3-4 mm. long, concave, deciduous after an thesis;

buds 4 mm. long; inflorescence and branchlets closely and

finely tomentose with very small dark red-brown hairs;

leaves 16-24 cm. long, the arcuate-ascending lateral veins

scarcely forming a marginal vein E. curvivenia

Calyx-lobes 4-6 mm. long, flattened or cucullate and reflexed or

spreading after anthesis; hairs appressed-ascending or

spreading, lustrous, coppery or pale red, up to 0.5 mm.

long; marginal veins about as strong as the laterals.

Leaves 4.5-8 cm. long, with 7-10 pairs of lateral veins; calyx-

lobes flat and spreading after anthesis, the inner pair

truncate, obovate E. crucicalyx

Leaves 15-21 cm. long, with 12-15 pairs of lateral veins; calyx-

lobes reflexed and cucullate after anthesis . . . .E. acrensis

Bracteoles broadly ovate to rotund, fused by the basal margins

and forming an involucre-like cupule beneath the bud and

flower.

Veins impressed above, elevated and conspicuous beneath; leaves

pale and smooth or appressed-pubescent beneath; inflores-

676 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

cence softly rufous- tomentose; margins of the bracteoles

and calyx-lobes delicate and fracturing even in the bud.

E. macrophylla

Veins slightly convex on both surfaces, not conspicuous on either;

lower leaf-surface glistening, irregularly honeycombed or

obscured by tiny hairs; inflorescence puberulent with short

crisped hairs; bracteoles and calyx relatively tough and un-

broken even in age.

Calyx-lobes 6 mm. long; leaves 12-19 cm. long with 12-15

pairs of lateral veins, appearing loosely cellular-honey-

combed beneath E. heterochroma

Calyx-lobes 1.5-2 mm. long; leaves 6-13 cm. long with 6-10

pairs of lateral veins, the lower surface obscured by tiny

glistening hairs E. versicolor

B (See also first B, p. 675). Inflorescence, particularly the hypan-

thium, glabrous or pubescent with pale white or yellowish hairs

(hairs of young vegetative parts sometimes reddish).

Leaves coarsely impressed-punctate and dark above, the lateral

veins not at all or scarcely apparent; inflorescence usually

with some elongate internodes, appressed-pubescent with pale

hairs; blades 10 cm. long or less.

Leaves acuminate and prominently mucronate, very variable in

size and shape, the blades usually lanceolate but varying

from ovate to linear E. biflora

Leaves cuneate-obovate, 4 cm. long or less, rounded or bluntly

pointed at apex E. inundata

Leaves not impressed-punctate, the lateral veins usually apparent

above, the blades usually larger; axis of raceme with approxi-

mate nodes.

Mid vein elevated above in a sharply defined pubescent ridge;

leaves 7 cm. long or less; pedicels filiform, mostly 15-30 mm.

long, with 4-ranked scarious deciduous bracts (1-3.5 mm.

long) at base E. subterminalis

Mid vein impressed to convex above; leaves various; pedicels

mostly 10 mm. long or less, the bracts inconspicuous or

sometimes persistent.

Flowers usually 2, one from each side of the axillary bud,

slender-pedicellate; leaves mostly obovate or oblanceo-

late, 3-6 cm. long, obtuse E. punicifolia

FLORA OF PERU 677

Flowers fasciculate or in approximate pairs in short racemes,

usually 4 or more; leaves mostly larger and acuminate.

Inflorescence, including hypanthium, densely hispidulous

with erect pale hairs about 0.1 mm. long; raceme up

to 8 mm. long with 2-5 pairs of flowers on pedicels 2-4

mm. long; leaves elliptic, 4-7 cm. long, subcaudate-

acuminate E. micranthoides

Inflorescence, at least the hypanthium, glabrous or spar-

ingly strigose or pilose; leaves and inflorescence various.

Branchlets, petioles and inflorescence somewhat strigose

with white appressed hairs; flowers middle-sized, the

buds 5-10 mm. long, the disk 3-4 mm. wide; leaves

9-18 cm. long, 2.5-3 times as long as wide.

Buds 7-10 mm. long; marginal vein evident, 2-3 mm.

from margin; petiole heavily strigose with hairs

up to 0.5-0.8 mm. long, spirally longitudinally fur-

rowed and transversely wrinkled; hypanthium with

a few long hairs E. spruceana

Buds 5-6 mm. long; marginal vein not distinct from

the laterals; petiole nearly glabrous, merely irreg-

ularly wrinkled in drying; hypanthium with numer-

ous very fine short hairs E. atrosquamata

Branchlets, petioles and inflorescence glabrous, or pubes-

cent with very small dibrachiate hairs or minute erect

hairs, or sparse stiff and ascending reddish or pale

hairs, in one species tawny-hirsutulous; flowers smaller,

the buds 5 mm. long or less, the disk 1-2.5 mm. wide.

Flowers sessile or nearly so, in clusters on the stems;

pedicels 2 mm. long or less (up to 4 mm. in fruit).

Plants glabrous or nearly so; leaves very stiff and

coriaceous, the mid vein concave above; style (as

far as known) 10 mm. long or more; stamens

probably always more than 50 and the hypan-

thium obconic E. nigra

Plants tawny-hirsutulous (the hypanthium orbicu-

lar, sparingly pilose); leaves membranous, the

persistently hirsutulous midvein narrowly im-

pressed above; style 6.5 mm. long; stamens about

35-50; flowers very small, the calyx-lobes 1.3

mm. long, the disk 1.3 mm. wide . . E. origanoides

678 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Flowers on definite slender pedicels mostly 4-10 mm.

long; style mostly less than 10 mm. long; hypan-

thium mostly campanulate.

Leaves elliptic-ovate, 5-6 cm. long or less; plants

sparingly strigose with reddish or yellowish hairs

up to 0.5 mm. long, the hypanthium glabrous;

midvein flat above; flowers tiny, the calyx-lobes

1 mm. long, the disk 1 mm. wide; stamens 36 or

fewer E. malpighioides

Leaves usually more than 5 cm. long, rarely ovate;

pubescence not as above; flowers larger; stamens

60-75 or more.

Midvein on upper surface of leaf flat or convex

(then sometimes with a shallow median fur-

row near base), never narrowly impressed.

Foliage and flowers drying light yellow or yel-

low-green; leaves relatively narrow, mostly

less than 10 cm. long; flowers usually 2 pairs

from an axis 1 mm. long E. flavescens

Foliage and flowers darkening in drying; leaves

and flowers various.

Petioles 10-15 mm. long; flowers 1 or 2 pairs,

from an axis 1-2 mm. long. . E. dittocrepis

Petioles 3-6 mm. long; axis of raceme 2-6 (-17)

mm. long, bearing 2-8 approximate de-

cussate pairs of flowers.

Leaves narrow, 2-4.5 cm. wide, 2.5-3.5 times

as long, the lower surface with numer-

ous and conspicuous glandular dots.

E. egensis

Leaves broader, 4-6 cm. wide, twice as long,

the lower surface sparingly dotted.

E. ochrophloea

Midvein impressed on the upper surface, the ac-

tual vein narrow and often obscured in the

bottom of a deep fold or furrow.

Axis of raceme up to 5 mm. long.

(see E. maculata under E. schomburgkii}

Axis of raceme 2.5 mm. long or usually less, the

flowers in 1-5 approximate pairs.

FLORA OF PERU 679

Leaves mostly elliptic-lanceolate, long-pointed,

very smooth and glabrous above; lateral

veins inconspicuous, sometimes reddish;

plant nearly glabrous, the branchlets and

pedicels sometimes minutely and sparsely

hispidulous E. schomburgkii

Leaves elliptic to obovate, shortly and often

bluntly acuminate, the veins usually

somewhat elevated and forming an evi-

dent reticulum on the upper surface;

pubescence various.

Inflorescence glabrous or minutely pubes-

cent with pale erect hairs; leaves ellip-

tic, blunt-pointed or obscurely acumi-

nate E. tapacumensis

Inflorescence more or less appressed-puber-

ulent with minute and partly dibrachi-

ate hairs.

Leaves oblanceolate or obovate, 14-18 cm.

long, coarsely veiny-reticulate.

E. discreta

Leaves elliptic, 7-11 cm. long, finely veiny-

reticulate E. quadrijuga

Eugenia acrensis McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 202. 1956.

A shrub 3.5 meters high, the vegetative buds and inflorescence

velutinous with somewhat appressed lustrous coppery-red hairs up

to 0.5 mm. long, the plant otherwise glabrous except for a few sessile

and mostly dibrachiate dark appressed hairs up to 0.3 mm. long,

on the lower leaf-surface; leaves elliptic, 5-8 cm. wide, 15-22 cm.

long, 2.5-3 times as long as wide, narrowly acuminate, acute at base,

the margins decurrent on the channeled petiole 2 mm. thick, 10 mm.

long; mid vein sulcate above (or impressed near base), elevated dis-

tally in a narrow central line, prominent beneath; lateral veins 12-

15 pairs, convex above but somewhat impressed, prominent beneath;

marginal vein about equaling the laterals and strongly arched be-

tween them, 3-6 mm. from margin; upper surface of blade lustrous

with small convex reticulated veins and scattered convex glandular

dots, the latter about 4 per square mm.; lower surface dull and paler,

very minutely verruculose, the glandular dots apparent; racemes

abbreviated, 5 mm. long, bearing 1-3 approximate decussate pairs

680 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

of flowers on stout pedicels 1 mm. thick, 2-5 mm. long (or a little

longer in fruit) ; bracts not seen; bracteoles persistent, ovate, 1.5 mm.

long; buds about 7 mm. long, the hypanthium 2-2.5 mm. long,

rounded to base; calyx-lobes not or scarcely coherent but covering

the corolla almost to the time of opening, strongly imbricated, gla-

brous inside, 4 mm. wide, 6 mm. long, membranous-margined except

at the tip, strongly reflexed but with cucullate tips in anthesis, finally

separating by longitudinal slits in the sinuses, the slits 1.5-2 mm.

long and extending down to the margins of the staminal ring; disk

2.5 mm. wide, glabrous except for a few long hairs at the base of the

style; style not seen; stamens probably about 200; anthers 1.2 mm.

long in bud; petals glabrous, not seen expanded; ovary bilocular,

the ovules 12-15 in each locule, radiating from a centrally attached

placenta; fruit long-ellipsoid, 1 cm. in diameter, 2 cm. long, glabres-

cent; seed one, 1.5 cm. long, the cotyledons apparently distinct.—

Known only from the type, Krukoff 5619, from near mouth of Rio

Macauhan, Terr, of Acre, Brazil.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia aerosa McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 203. 1956.

Tree up to 7 (-15) meters high, the branchlets, inflorescence and

vegetative buds densely covered, and the lower leaf -surface sparingly

beset, with appressed lustrous straight pale copper-colored hairs up

to 0.5 mm. long; leaves elliptic-oblong, 5.5-6.5 cm. wide, 13-15 cm.

long, about 2.3-3 times as long as wide, about equally narrowed to

the narrowly or caudately acuminate tip and to the rounded or con-

vexly acute base, the margins decurrent on the deeply channeled

petiole 1.5 mm. thick, 7-10 mm. long; mid vein impressed above,

prominent beneath; lateral veins 8-10 pairs in addition to some in-

termediates, somewhat elevated above, elevated and prominulous

beneath; marginal vein about equaling the lateral ones and arched

between them, 3-5 mm. from margin, a weak submarginal vein be-

yond it at the very edge of the blade; blades nearly concolorous,

olive green when dry, without apparent glands even when young,

the upper surface smooth and lustrous, the lower dull and strigose;

flowers from the lowest 2-3 nodes of a new leafy branch, or the inflo-

rescence an abbreviated axillary raceme, the axis 4-angled, 1 mm.

thick, up to 6 mm. long, bearing up to 6 decussate, approximate

pairs of flowers on slender compressed pedicels 1 mm. thick, 10-18

mm. long; bracts broad, rounded on the backs, nearly glabrous,

1 mm. long; bracteoles subulate or lanceolate and folded, silky,

ascending, 1.3-2.8 mm. long, deciduous after anthesis; buds about

FLORA OF PERU 681

6 mm. long, narrowly pyriform, the long-pointed calyx-lobes exceed-

ing the globe of the petals until anthesis; hypanthium narrowly

campanulate, 2 mm. long; calyx-lobes 3 mm. wide, about 2.5 mm.

long, deltoid, apparently valvate, pubescent inside except the tips,

reflexed at anthesis; disk 3.5 mm. wide, glabrous; style 10 mm. long;

stamens about 100, about as long as the style, the anthers 0.3 mm.

long or less, broader than long; petals obovate, about 4 mm. wide,

4-5 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules about 30 in each locule,

radiating from a short, centrally affixed placenta; fruit ellipsoid,

somewhat attenuate at base, 1.3 cm. in diameter, 2.3 cm. long. —

The single fruiting specimen, probably belonging to this species, is

Krukoff's no. 6870, from Livramento, Amazonas, Brazil. Univ. of

Mich. Neg. 467.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, alt. 100 meters, forest, May,

June, 1930, G. King 1535 (F, type). Iquitos, Aug., 1925, G. Tess-

mann 5355.

Eugenia atroracemosa McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 203. 1956.

A tree 4 meters high, the inflorescence, branchlets and veins of

the lower leaf-surface velutinous with crowded erect sharp slender

lustrous hairs 0.5 mm. long (or up to 1 mm. long on vegetative buds

and bracts), the hairs reddish brown on the leaves and branchlets,

in the inflorescence from dark reddish brown to dark brown or almost

black; leaves coriaceous, oblong to ovate or oblanceolate, 5-8 cm.

wide, 11-18 cm. long, (1.5-) 2-3 times as long as wide, the tip

abruptly or sometimes slenderly acuminate, the base rounded or

obtusely narrowed, the margins abruptly decurrent on the stout

petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 8-10 mm. long; mid vein glabrous to hir-

sutulous above, impressed, prominent beneath; lateral veins 15-20

pairs in addition to some intermediate ones, narrowly impressed

above, prominent beneath; marginal vein about equaling the lat-

erals, impressed, little arched between them, 2-5 mm. from margin;

leaves nearly concolorous, smooth and glabrescent above, impressed-

puncticulate, the lower surface dull and hirsutulous, with small often

obscure gland-dots; inflorescence a stout axillary raceme 5-7.5 cm.

long, the axis up to 2 mm. thick at base, with 6-8 pairs of flowers

on divaricate pedicels 1.5 mm. thick, 4-8 mm. long in flower; bracts

and bracteoles glabrous inside, the former ovate-deltoid, pointed,

broad-based, deciduous, 3-4 mm. long; bracteoles broadly ovate-

deltoid, a little narrowed at base and not connate, persistent, about

3 mm. wide, 2-2.5 mm. long; buds about 7 mm. long, the hypan-

thium campanulate-oblong, 2-3 mm. long; calyx-lobes broadly

682 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

rounded or oblong, finely appressed-pubescent inside except at base,

2.5-3 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, the outer pair a little shorter; disk

3-3.5 (-6) mm. wide, the center 1.5-2 mm. wide, hirsute; style gla-

brous, 6-8 mm. long; stamens 125-150, about as long as the style,

the anthers about 0.5 mm. long; petals elliptic, 2.5-4 mm. wide,

6 mm. long, appressed-silky on the back, the thin margins fimbriate-

ciliate; ovary bilocular, the ovules about 7 in each locule, radiating

from a centrally attached placenta; flowers cream color (Klug); fruit

globose, hard, 2 cm. in diameter. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 476.

San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, alt. 1100-1200 meters,

forest, Oct.-Nov., 1933, G. Klug 3368 (F, type). Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia atrosquamata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 204. 1956.

Shrub or tree, the branchlets, petioles, inflorescence (especially

the hypanthium) and lower leaf-surface appressed-pubescent with

small white hairs up to 0.2 mm. long; leaves elliptic, 4-6 cm. wide,

9-15 cm. long, about 2.5 times as long as wide, the tip decurved and

bluntly acuminate, the base acute or convexly acute, the margins

decurrent on the petioles 1-2 mm. thick, 6-10 mm. long; midvein

flat or concave above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 6-10 pairs,

flat or convex above, prominent beneath, ascending and diminishing

distally, not forming a definite marginal vein along most of the blade,

but recurving about 3 mm. from margin to form loops joining the

next succeeding vein about 8 mm. from margin; blades dark green

and smooth, with few or no glandular dots above, the lower surface

dull, paler, strigose, finely dark-dotted; inflorescence an abbreviated

axillary raceme, the axis 1-3 mm. long, bearing 4-6 approximate

decussate pairs of flowers on pedicels 1 mm. thick, 3-12 mm. long;

bracts dark, glabrous, imbricate, gland-dotted, rounded on the back,

2 mm. long, the tips rounded and erose-ciliate; bracteoles ovate,

1.5 mm. long and wide, persistent, not connate, thin-margined, dark

and glabrous and contrasting with the pale-strigose pedicel and hy-

panthium; buds 5-6 mm. long, pyriform, the hypanthium campan-

ulate, 2 mm. long; calyx-lobes broadly rounded or bluntly triangular,

glabrous inside, gland-dotted, unequal, the smaller 2-2.5 mm. long

and wide, the larger pair 4 mm. wide, 3.5 mm. long; disk 3 mm. wide,

glabrous; style 5-7 mm. long; stamens about 100, to 8 mm. long, the

anthers 0.8 mm. long; petals concave, obovate, 4-4.5 mm. wide,

6-7 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules about 15 in each locule,

radiating from a short, centrally affixed placenta. — Univ. of Mich.

Neg. 439.

FLORA OF PERU 683

Loreto: Iquitos, anno 1924, G. Tessmann 5130 (G, type). Ama-

zonian Colombia.

Eugenia barbata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 204. 1956.

Probably a shrub, 4-8 meters high, the branchlets and young

leaves hispidulous with erect stiff sordid hairs up to 0.3-0.5 mm.

long, the inflorescence conspicuously gray-velutinous with similar

but paler and longer, often somewhat appressed hairs; leaves rather

broadly elliptic, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, 3-5 cm. long, 1.3-2 (-2.4) times

as long as wide, acutely pointed or sometimes blunt, acute to some-

what rounded at base, the somewhat cartilaginous margins only very

shortly decurrent on the petiole up to 1 mm. thick, 2.5-5 mm. long;

midvein above hispid, somewhat sulcate and slightly impressed at

least near base, prominent beneath; lateral veins about 10 pairs,

inconspicuous above, prominulous beneath, not much larger than

the intermediate veins; marginal vein a little weaker than the lat-

erals and markedly arched between them, 1-3 mm. from margin;

leaves lustrous above and minutely muriculate from the enlarged

hair-bases, especially along the midvein near the base; lower surface

dull and paler, hairy; inflorescence axillary and sometimes also ter-

minal, the axillary axis abortive at tip, 1 mm. long or elongate and

leafy, the flowers usually 2, opposite and solitary from the lowest

node, or sometimes an additional pair from the next node; flowers

sometimes also in 1 or 2 decussate pairs on short new terminal leaf-

less shoots; bracts and bracteoles hairy, ovate or lanceolate, bluntly

pointed, deciduous at about anthesis, 2-3.5 mm. long, the bracteoles

sometimes with abortive flower-buds in the axils; pedicels 2-5 (-15)

mm. long, and up to 1 mm. thick (appearing thicker because of the

heavy coating of hairs) ; buds 9-10 mm. long, broadly obovoid, the

hypanthium campanulate; calyx-lobes in 2 nearly equal pairs, sub-

orbicular, concave, loosely hairy without, ciliate-fringed, finely ap-

pressed-pubescent within, 4-5 mm. long and wide; disk hairy, about

4 mm. wide; style 9-10 mm. long, hairy near base; stamens about 250,

up to 12 mm. long, the anthers about 0.4 mm. long; petals white,

minutely ciliate, otherwise glabrous except a few hairs on the back,

suborbicular or obovate, erose-margined, 5-7 mm. wide, 6-8 mm.

long; ovary bilocular, the ovules about 20 in each locule in a pendent

head-like cluster. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 441.

Junin : Lado derecho del valle del Rio San Bernardo, 2200-2300 m.,

en monte bajo, abierto, compuesto de arbustos, Apr. 2, 1913, A.

Weberbauer 6558 (US, type) ; Abajo de Pariahuanca, 1800 m., bosque

compuesto de arboles y arbustos, Apr. 8, 1913, Weberbauer 6594.

684 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. Prodr. 3: 276. 1828. Myrtus biflora

L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1056. 1759. E. xylopifolia DC. I.e. 279. E.

racemosa DC. I.e. 281. E. sericiflora Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 89.

1844. Myrcia erythroxylon 0 virescens Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14,

pt. 1: 173. 1857. E. freireana Berg, in Mart. I.e. 305. E. hoffmann-

seggii Berg, in Mart. I.e. 315. E. acuminatissima Berg, in Mart. I.e.,

not of Miquel. E. loretensis Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 597. 1906. E.

leptophlebia Diels, Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 192. 1907. Myrcia

paivae var. gracilis Lingelsh. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 243. 1909.

E. amanuensis Steyermark, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 1010. 1957. E. cau-

rensis Steyermark, I.e.

Shrub or small tree up to 4 meters high, pubescent, often with

conspicuous pale appressed silvery-silky pubescence on the inflores-

cence and young growth, the hairs up to 1 mm. long; leaves usually

lanceolate, varying to ovate or to very narrowly lance-linear, (0.5-)

1-1.5 (-3) cm. wide, 5-8 (-10) cm. long, 3-4 times as long as wide

(twice as long as wide in ovate-leaved forms, and up to 15 times in

very narrow-leaved forms) ; blades flat and silky or glabrous beneath,

the upper surface with numerous impressed glands, occasionally gla-

brous, usually sparingly beset with white cobwebby hairs up to 1 mm.

long; blades prominently long-acuminate, almost caudate, the acu-

men often slender and curved, normally prominently mucronate,

base of blade rounded or cuneate; petiole channeled above, stout,

2.5-^4 mm. long; midvein impressed above, prominently raised be-

neath; lateral veins very slender, 12-20 pairs, often not apparent in

dried material or evident on the lower surface only; marginal vein

about as conspicuous as the laterals and little arched between them,

1 mm. or less from margin; inflorescence axillary, usually short and

racemoid, the axis 0.5-1.5 (-3) cm. long, about 6-flowered, the ter-

minal flower usually aborting;1 pedicels 4.5-12 mm. long, 0.5 mm.

thick, often longer than the axis, appressed or ascending in flower,

spreading in fruit; bracts somewhat persistent, paired, narrowly tri-

angular, acute, 2-3 mm. long; bracteoles like the bracts but broader

and connate-perfoliate, forming a boat-shaped cup about 1 mm. high

1 The inflorescence in this species is extremely plastic. It may be regarded as

an axillary branch which may at one extreme be so much reduced that the axis is

not readily apparent and the "raceme" appears as a solitary axillary flower. At

the other extreme the "raceme" may bear one or two pairs of flowers at the base

and continue above this as a leafy vegetative branch. The inflorescence may be

strictly "racemose," that is, with 2-5 pairs of opposite, decussate flowers; in slightly

more expanded variants, the upper nodes may bear 2 flowers each, or the lower-

most node may bear 2 short racemes instead of 2 solitary flowers; in this latter case

the lowermost node is actually in the axil of the leaf, and the inflorescence appears

as 3 racemes, one above another in the axil.

FLORA OF PERU 685

and 3.5-4.5 mm. long, which is persistent until after the fruit ma-

tures; margins of the bracteoles often scarious, glabrous; calyx-lobes

4, oblong with rounded tip, silky on both sides, at maturity 2 mm.

wide, 2-2.5 mm. long; disk flat, strongly 4-angled, about 2 mm. wide,

somewhat pubescent or the center glabrous; style 4-6 mm. long,

glabrous; petals white, elliptic, about 3 mm. wide, 5 mm. long, ciliate-

f ringed at tip; stamens about 50, 4-7 mm. long; fruit oblong or sub-

globose, glandular-verruculose, about 6 mm. long and nearly as thick.

-F.M. Negs. 7951, 19914, 19946, 19953, 19989, 23555, 23556; Univ.

of Mich. Neg. 584.

San Martin: Lamas, Ferreyra 4665, 4674. Tarapoto, Ule 6363;

Mathews 1449 (herb. Kew); Williams 5404, 5625, 6432; San Roque,

Williams 7078. Moyobamba, 2800 feet, Sandeman 108; Moyobamba,

Mathews in 1835; Osgood & Anderson 41, 42; Woytkowski (USM

15438}; Weberbauer 4486, type of E. loretensis. — Loreto: Mouth of

Rio Santiago above Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 61 61 . Balsapuerto,

Sandeman s.n. Masisea, Tessmann 3119. — Locality uncertain: Col-

lector unknown, no. 717, ex herb. Miers. West Indies; lowlands of

northern South America to eastern Bolivia.

In Peru, and probably throughout the range of the species, the

most common and most readily recognized form is one with ovate-

lanceolate, caudate-acuminate leaves with thick, opaque blades in

which the veins are scarcely apparent, width of the blade 1-2.5 cm.,

and the length 2.5-4 times the width. The species is a most variable

one, however; Urban, for example, recognized in the West Indies no

fewer than 5 varieties. In Peru, and adjacent Bolivia, the most

common variants are those involving the stoutness of the inflores-

cence and the shape of the leaves. The inflorescence may become

much attenuated and the pedicels filiform; the most extreme example

of this that has come to my attention was the plant described as

Myrcia paivae var. gracilis Lingelsh., Buchtien's no. 1744, from

northern Bolivia (Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 243. 1909). Leaves

which seem otherwise typical may be as much as 7 cm. long and

less than 7 mm. wide (e.g. as in Mexia's no. 6161). In a collection

from Juanjui, San Martin, Klug's no. 3811, the leaves are as much

as 10 cm. long and only 5-6 mm. wide; these retain the characteristic

mucronate tips, but the blades are thin in texture and the lateral and

marginal veins are evident on the lower surface. Finally, in certain

collections (e.g. Klug's no. 4055, from Chazuta, San Martin, and

Tessmann's no. 4048, from Pongo de Manseriche) the leaves are thin

and veiny, narrow and willow-like, 5-10 mm. wide and 3-6 cm. long,

686 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

and the blades are blunt-tipped or merely sharp-pointed, but lack-

ing mucronate tips. Superficially these look very different from

other specimens of E. biflora, but in characters of the inflorescence

and in the general features of the foliage and pubescence they agree

perfectly with that species. These specimens with blunt-tipped

leaves have been referred by some authors to Eugenia chiquitensis

Berg, a somewhat closely related plant of eastern Bolivia; in E. chi-

quitensis, however, the inflorescence and hypanthium are nearly

glabrous.

An exceptionally tomentose plant with somewhat larger and more

numerous flowers than E. biflora, but of the same general affinity,

has been collected in northern Bolivia (Williams, nos. 101, 1499).

This has been referred to the Colombian species E. albida Humb. &

Bonpl. (E. dysantha Benth.) but probably represents an undescribed

species. It is thus far unknown from Peru.

Eugenia calva McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 205. 1956.

A tree 6 meters high, the inflorescence (except the flowers), veg-

etative buds and youngest growth covered with closely appressed

lustrous pale grayish-brown hairs 0.2 mm. long, the foliage and

branchlets soon glabrescent; leaves lance-ovate or elliptic, 3.5-6 cm.

wide, 9-15 cm. long, 2.5-3 times as long as wide, acute and slenderly

acuminate at tip, rounded or subacute at base, the margins cuneately

decurrent on the inner angles of the deeply channeled petiole 1 mm.

thick, 10 mm. long; midvein impressed above, prominent beneath;

lateral veins 12-15 pairs in addition to some intermediate ones,

slightly elevated above, prominulous beneath; marginal vein about

equaling the lateral ones and slightly arched between them, 2-4 mm.

from margin; blades dark green, lustrous and impressed-puncticu-

late above, paler, dull and finely dark-dotted beneath; inflorescence

(seen in immature bud only) an axillary raceme 4.5-5.5 cm. long,

the axis bearing 7 pairs of flowers on pedicels 2-3 mm. long, each

axil bearing apparently a second and shorter raceme (with 6 pairs of

flowers) at the base of the first, this shorter raceme actually the low-

est (tangential) branch of the other; immature buds 2-3 mm. long,

glabrous except the fringed calyx-lobes; bracts ovate, pointed, broad-

based, divaricate or somewhat reflexed, 1 mm. long; bracteoles

broadly rounded or blunt-pointed, connate into a boat-shaped in-

volucre 2 mm. long; hypanthium campanulate, 1-1.5 mm. long;

calyx-lobes imbricate, broadly rounded, finely appressed-pubescent

inside, in unequal pairs, the larger (inner) pair 1.5 mm. long, 1.8 mm.

wide, the smaller pair 1 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk glabrous; style

FLORA OF PERU 687

glabrous, not seen expanded; stamens about 100; petals white, sub-

orbicular, ciliate, 2 mm. or more long; ovary bilocular, the ovules

about 10 in each locule, radiating in one plane from the margin of

a flat, centrally affixed placenta. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 475.

Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, mouth of Rio Zubineta, alt. 180

meters, forest, May-July, 1931, G. King 2146 (F, type). "Choj-ey,"

"Muy-ey" (Huitoto, Klug).

Eugenia chartacea McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 206. 1956.

Tree 15 meters high, completely glabrous except the staminal

ring and the minutely ciliate petals and calyx-lobes; leaves ovate or

broadly elliptic, 8-14 cm. wide, 11-21 cm. long, about 1.5 times as

long as wide, bluntly deltoid-acuminate, rounded at base, the mar-

gins decurrent on the inner wing-like angles of the deeply channeled

petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 10 mm. long; midvein elevated above in a

narrow median ridge, this often somewhat impressed, the vein prom-

inent beneath; lateral veins 7-8 pairs, often somewhat elevated above

but sulcate, prominulous beneath; marginal vein about equaling the

laterals and arched somewhat between them, 5-15 mm. from margin;

lowest lateral vein often ending in a slender submarginal vein 1-5

mm. from margin; leaves nearly concolorous, smooth and lustrous

especially above, with a few small elevated glandular dots on both

surfaces; inflorescence on old wood, in clustered sessile abbreviated

racemes, each with 1-2 approximate decussate pairs of flowers, on

pedicels 1-1.5 mm. thick, 10-15 mm. long; bracts minute; bracteoles

cartilaginous, spreading, persistent, triangular, 0.7 mm. long, 1.5 mm.

wide; bud 12-18 mm. long, globose above the fleshy urceolate hypan-

thium 5 mm. long; calyx-lobes broadly rounded or obovate, concave,

when dry rigid, chartaceous and stramineous, imbricate, 8-10 mm.

wide, 10-12 mm. long, spreading-reflexed after anthesis, the inner

thin-margined laterally; disk quadrangular, 4-5 mm. wide, the stam-

inal ring 1.5 mm. wide, the glabrous center depressed; style 12-15

mm. long or more, with a few hairs at base; stamens 250-300, prob-

ably as long as the style, the anthers 2-2.3 mm. long, erect in bud;

petals fleshy, drying chartaceous, concave, ovate, 12 mm. wide and

a little longer than this; ovary bilocular, the ovules about 20 in each

locule, radiating from a short placenta on the central axis. — Known

only from the type, Krukoff 4951, from basin of Rio Jurua, Ama-

zonas, Brazil.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

688 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Eugenia crucicalyx McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 206. 1956.

A shrub, the branchlets, vegetative buds and inflorescence cov-

ered with appressed-ascending, straight, pale reddish hairs up to

about 0.5 mm. long; a few minute, pale, appressed, partly dibrachi-

ate hairs 0.1-0.2 mm. long persisting on the leaves, especially beneath;

leaves elliptic, 1.8-4 cm. wide, 4.5-8 cm. long, a little more than twice

as long as wide, short-acuminate, narrowed about equally to base

and apex, the margins decurrent on the petiole 1.5 mm. thick, 6-8

mm. long; mid vein convex above or channeled when young, prom-

inent beneath; lateral veins 7-10 pairs, pale and elevated both sides;

marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched between them,

1.5-4 mm. from margin, with a network of small submarginal veins

beyond it; blades concolorous, lustrous, drying pale ashy brown,

gland-dotted but the dots becoming obscure at maturity; inflores-

cence an abbreviated axillary raceme, the axis 8 mm. long or usually

less, 1-1.5 mm. thick, with 1-3 decussate pairs of flowers on pedicels

up to 1.5 mm. long; bracts lanceolate, acute, 1-3 mm. long; brac-

teoles ovate, pointed, 1.5 mm. long; buds 7-8 mm. long, pyriform,

closely sessile in the bracteoles; hypanthium campanulate, some-

what 4- or 8-angled, 2-2.5 mm. long, heavily rufous- velutinous;

calyx-lobes 2-3 times as long as the hypanthium, in unequal pairs,

the outer ovate-triangular, concave, broad at base, bluntly pointed,

about 4 mm. wide, 5 mm. long; inner pair obovate, flat after anthe-

sis, narrowed to the base, truncate at apex, 4-5 mm. wide, 6 mm.

long; calyx completely glabrous within, widely spreading at anthe-

sis; disk 2-2.5 mm. wide, flat, appearing wider because of the broad

petal-scars; style glabrous, sparingly verruculose, about 8 mm. long;

stamens 200-250, about as long as the style; petals elliptic, glabrous,

5 mm. wide, 8 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules about 15 in

each locule, radially arranged on a short placenta attached to the

central axis. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 466.

San Martin: Tarapoto, 360-900 meters, forest, Dec. 4, 1929,

Williams 6216 (F, type).

Eugenia curvipilosa McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 206. 1956.

Shrub 3 meters high, the branchlets, inflorescence and lower sur-

face of the leaves covered by mostly flexuous or curved pale brown

hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, or longer at the nodes and on bracts and

buds. Leaves elliptic-ovate, subcoriaceous, 1.7-4 cm. wide, 4-7 cm.

long, 1.5-2 times as long as wide, shortly and broadly acuminate,

rounded or obtuse at base, the margins abruptly decurrent on the

FLORA OF PERU 689

blunt inner angles of the channeled petiole 1 mm. thick, 5 mm. long;

mid vein impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins about

10 pairs in addition to some intermediates, obscurely and narrowly

impressed above, elevated beneath, inconspicuous on both sides;

marginal vein about equaling the laterals and somewhat arched be-

tween them, 2-3.5 mm. from margin; blades probably darker green

above, sub-vernicose and somewhat rough, essentially glabrous ex-

cept the mid vein, with numerous small, often impressed dots; dots

in the type collection black, probably from the action of a fungus;

lower surface paler, permanently sub-tomentose, without apparent

glandular dots; inflorescence an axillary raceme, the axis 1-2 cm.

long, compressed and up to 1 mm. wide, bearing 3-6 decussate pairs

of flowers on slender pedicels 0.5 mm. thick, 4-6 mm. long; bracts

ovate, blunt, probably deciduous, 1-1.5 mm. long; bracteoles ovate,

glabrescent, blunt-tipped, 2 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, connate, the

involucre 0.5 mm. high, persistent; buds 4 mm. long, pyriform, the

hypanthium campanulate, 1-1.5 mm. long, densely pale-strigose;

calyx-lobes broadly rounded, closely appressed-pubescent inside, un-

equal, the shorter pair 1 mm. long, the larger 1.5-2 mm. wide, 1.5

mm. long; disk 1.5-2 mm. wide, the staminal ring hairy; style about

4(?) mm. long; stamens 50-60, up to more than 5 mm. long, the

anthers 0.6 mm. long; petals white, obovate-elliptic, ciliate, 3-4 mm.

wide, 5 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules about 5 in each locule,

radiating from the margin of a centrally affixed placenta. — Univ. of

Mich. Neg. 447.

Cajamarca: Valley of the Rio Llaucan, near Pion, alt. 1700-1800

meters, June, 1915, Weberbauer 7137 (F, type).

Eugenia curvivenia McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 207. 1956.

A shrub 6 meters high, the branchlets, petioles, midvein on the

lower leaf -surface, and the inflorescence closely and finely tomentose

with very small dark red-brown hairs, the leaves soon glabrous,

finely appressed-pubescent with pale hairs beneath; leaves broadly

elliptic-ovate, coriaceous, 8-12.5 cm. wide, 16-24 cm. long, 2-2.5

times as long as wide, abruptly short-acuminate, the tip decurved;

base rounded, the margins decurrent on the petiole 4 mm. thick,

15 mm. long; midvein elevated in a narrow median ridge most of its

length above, prominent beneath; lateral veins about 10 pairs, con-

spicuous and strongly arcuate-ascending, convex but impressed

above, prominent beneath, diminishing distally to a point 1-2 mm.

from margin, those toward the tip of the blades forming strong mar-

ginal arches; blades dark green, smooth and lustrous above with a

690 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

few large elevated glands especially near base, the lower surface pale

brown and duller, gland-dotted; inflorescence on old wood, usually

several abbreviated racemes clustered in the axils on short spurs,

the axis 1-2 mm. long, stout, bearing 1-3 approximate decussate

pairs of flowers on compressed pedicels 1 mm. thick, 2-3.5 mm. long;

bracts not seen; bracteoles persistent, broad-based, ovate, obtuse,

not connate, 0.8-1.5 mm. long; buds pyriform, 4 mm. long; hypan-

thium campanulate, 2 mm. long, angled in drying; disk 2 mm. across,

hairy except the center; calyx-lobes minutely ciliate, imbricate,

a little fleshy, suborbicular to oblong, glabrous inside, deciduous

after anthesis, 3 mm. wide, 3-4 mm. long, the inner pair longer

and with thin lateral margins; style 5 mm. long, glabrous; stamens

50-60, 5 mm. long, the anthers 1 mm. long; petals elliptic, minutely

ciliate but otherwise glabrous, 3 mm. wide, 6 mm. long; ovary biloc-

ular, the ovules about 15 in each locule, radiating from a short pla-

centa on the central axis. — Known only from the type, Krukoff 5045,

from the basin of the Rio Jurua, Amazonas, Brazil.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia cuspidifolia DC. Prodr. 3: 279. 1828.

A tree 6 meters high, the branchlets and young vegetative growth

(sparsely) and the inflorescence (densely) appressed-pubescent with

lustrous, rufous, partly dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves

sometimes trough-shaped, mostly glabrous, elliptic or elliptic-ovate,

2.5-3.5 cm. wide, 5-9 cm. long, about 2.3-3 times as long as wide,

cuspidate-acuminate with linear blunt tips, acute to cuneate at base

with the margins decurrent on the inner angles of the channeled

petiole 1 mm. thick, 4-6 mm. long; mid vein on upper surface with

narrow elevated median ridge, prominent beneath; lateral veins 6-10

pairs, usually somewhat impressed above, prominulous beneath; mar-

ginal vein about equaling the laterals, arched between them, 2-6 mm.

from margin, with an outer, weaker, submarginal vein connected to

it by small veinlets at right angles; blades smooth, lustrous and dark

above, dull reddish-brown and gland-dotted beneath; inflorescence

an abbreviated axillary raceme (or several from the same axil), the

axis 2-6 mm. long or less, with up to 5 approximate decussate pairs

of flowers on slender but slightly compressed pedicels 0.5 mm. thick,

4-8 mm. long; bracts ovate, scarious, deciduous, about 1-1.5 mm.

long; bracteoles 1-2 mm. long, persistent, ovate, pointed, not pro-

longed or fused at the basal margins; buds pyriform, 4.5-5 mm. long,

the hypanthium urceolate, 2 mm. long, longitudinally ridged; calyx-

lobes 4, oblong, hooded, 2 mm. wide, 3-3.5 mm. long, thickened near

FLORA OF PERU 691

the tips, the thickenings apparent in the bud; lobes imbricate, united

about half their length in the bud, and at anthesis splitting nearly

to the summit of the ovary and finally reflexed, glabrous within or

with a very few appressed hairs; disk 2.5 mm. wide, hairy and with

an annular thickening about the base of the style; style glabrous,

6-7 mm. long; stamens about 75, 6 mm. long, the anthers lanceolate,

apiculate, 1-1.4 mm. long; petals ciliate, elliptic, 3 mm. wide, 5 mm.

long; fruit unknown. — This species belongs to a group with hooded

and partially or almost completely connate calyx-lobes, which, ac-

cording to Amshoff (Rec. Trav. bot. nee>l. 42: 21. 1949), and in

Pulle (Flora of Suriname 3, pt. 2: 58, 105. 1951), should be segre-

gated as the genus Catinga Aubl. Recent collections from the upper

Amazon basin indicate that the species of this affinity are abundant

there, and that their systematic positions are in need of study and

clarification. The above description is based upon Peruvian mate-

rial and in part upon the type specimen, collected by Martius on the

Rio Negro. This species is apparently distinct from all related ones

because of its considerably smaller flowers. F.M. Neg. 19932.

Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo at mouth of Rio Zubineta, Klug

2132. Amazonian Brazil. "Moifo-ey" (Huitoto, Klug).

Eugenia dibrachiata1 McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 207. 1956.

Tall forest tree, the inflorescence, petioles, and youngest growth

sparingly to densely appressed-pubescent with lustrous rufous hairs

up to 0.5 mm. long; dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long numerous

on the inflorescence and usually present in small numbers on the

lower leaf-surface; leaves glabrous or with some appressed pale hairs,

elliptic, 3-5.5 cm. wide, (6-) 8.5-14 cm. long, 2-3 times as long as

wide, about equally rounded to the narrow acumen and the sub-

cuneate base; margins decurrent on the petiole which is up to 1 mm.

thick and 5-10 mm. long; blades pale green and smooth both sides,

not evidently lustrous, not darkening in drying; upper surface spar-

ingly and often obscurely impressed-punctate, the lower with incon-

spicuous raised dots; mid vein prominent beneath, and also elevated

in a narrow median ridge on the upper surface, the ridge often in a

shallow channel; lateral veins inconspicuous, about 10-15 pairs;

marginal vein 1-1.5 mm. from the margin, about equaling the lat-

erals or a little smaller, often not continuous but broken when a

lateral arches strongly and joins the next succeeding one; inflores-

cence an axillary raceme 3-6 cm. long, with 4-7 decussate pairs of

Erroneously spelled "dibranchiata" in the original publication.

692 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

flowers, or seldom with the basal node (in the axil) bearing two short

racemes; axis of raceme compressed, 1-1.5 mm. wide at the lowest

node; pedicels stiff, divaricate, up to 0.6 mm. thick and 4-9 mm.

long, the lower longer; bracts deciduous after anthesis, ovate, blunt-

tipped, 1-1.5 mm. long; bracteoles ovate, as broad as long, round-

tipped, sparingly strigose or merely ciliate, forming a cup 2.5-3 mm.

long, persistent beneath the flower; calyx-lobes 4, broadly rounded,

about 2 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, somewhat reflexed after anthe-

sis, pubescent on both sides; disk 2.5-3 mm. wide, somewhat 4-an-

gled, pubescent except the glabrous depressed center; style glabrous,

about 7 mm. long; stamens 60-75, up to 10 mm. long; petals probably

white, elliptic, 4.5 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules 4 in each

locule, collateral, pendent; fruit unknown. — The leaves suggest in

color and texture those of Eugenia florida, but the marginal vein is

more uniformly developed than in that species, which also is nearly

glabrous. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 463.

Loreto: Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2415, 2416, 2449 (type, F).

La Victoria, Williams 2984. Leticia, Wittiams 3145.

Specimens suggesting intermediate stages between this species

and Eugenia florida have been collected not far from the Peruvian

border, near Palmares, Mun. Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Brazil (Kru-

koff 8322}, and at Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, San Martin, Peru,

Klug 3304. These specimens have the pubescence, rather well-

developed marginal vein, and floral characters nearly as in E. di-

brachiata (except that the hypanthium is glabrous in Klug's col-

lection), but the midvein is impressed on the upper leaf-surface as

in florida, and the young leaves are scurfy-pubescent along the

midvein.

Eugenia discors McVaugh, sp. nov.

Arbor vel frutex, racemis exceptis glaber, calyce hypanthioque

dense pilis appressis sordidis obtectis; foliis rigide coriaceis, involutis,

7-16 cm. longis, breviter acuminatis; nervo medio supra impresso;

venis utroque latere 10-15, supra convexis; racemis validis; pedicellis

crassis, 3.5-6 mm. longis; calycis lobis 3.5-4.5 mm. longis latisque.

A shrub or tree with pale bark, glabrous as far as known except

in the inflorescence; raceme axis minutely appressed-puberulent at

least toward the apex, the pedicels and especially the hypanthium

and calyx much more densely appressed-pubescent with grayish-

white hairs up to about 0.3 mm. long; leaves rigidly coriaceous,

elliptic or ovate, 4-10 cm. wide, 7-16 cm. long, 1.6-2.2 times as

FLORA OF PERU 693

long as wide, shortly acuminate, rounded to the base; margins

strongly involute in dried specimens, acutely narrowed at base and

decurrent on the inner angles of the short channeled petiole 1.7-

2.7 mm. thick, 7-11 mm. long; midvein impressed above, prominent

beneath; lateral veins 10-15 principal pairs with some intermediate

ones, somewhat raised above when dry, scarcely apparent beneath;

marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched between them,

2-5 mm. from the margin; blades hard and glossy as if varnished

above, dull and paler and nearly featureless beneath, obscurely

gland-dotted; inflorescence an axillary or falsely terminal raceme

3-8 cm. long with 5-6 pairs of opposite and decussate flowers; axis

of raceme compressed, up to 3 mm. wide just below the lowest node;

pedicels 1 mm. thick or a little more, 3.5-6 mm. long, somewhat

compressed; bracts not seen, deciduous before anthesis; bracteoles

ovate, glabrous, about 2.5 mm. long and wide, not connate, together

forming a persistent didymous boat-shaped involucre; buds 3.5-5

mm. long, obovoid, the broadly funnelform, densely pubescent hy-

panthium less than one- third the length of the entire bud; calyx-

lobes 4, rounded, 3.5-4.5 mm. long and wide, densely pubescent

both sides or the distal half glabrous without; disk about 4 mm.

wide, pubescent; style 6-7 mm. long; stamens about 150, up to 8-

9 mm. long, the anthers 0.6-0.7 mm. long; petals obovate, up to

7 mm. long, pubescent near the tip; ovary bilocular, the ovules 4 in

each locule, collateral; fruit unknown. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 1096.

San Martin: Lamas, A. Mathews 1451 (K; herb. Hook., type;

herb. Benth.).

Eugenia discreta McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 208. 1956.

Tree 11 meters high, the inflorescence and young growth spar-

ingly puberulent with minute appressed mostly dibrachiate hairs

0.2 mm. long, the foliage glabrescent; leaves oblanceolate, obovate,

or on shoots elliptic, 5-8 cm. wide, 14-18 cm. long, 2.5-3 times as

long as wide, shortly rounded to the decurved, acuminate tip, nar-

rowed from the middle or above to the convexly acute base, the

margins decurrent on the inner angles of the petiole 2 mm. thick,

6-10 mm. long; midvein impressed above, prominent beneath; lat-

eral veins 10-15 pairs, elevated above, more prominent beneath, the

marginal vein about equaling the laterals and angularly arched be-

tween them, 2-10 mm. from margin, a weaker submarginal vein

1-3 mm. from margin, connected to the inner vein in a series of

oblong or angled elliptic areoles; blades above drying olive green,

lustrous and very smooth except the raised reticulum of veins, the

694 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

raised glandular dots scarcely apparent at maturity; lower surface

drying dull greenish brown, papillose, with small dark dots or these

obscure at maturity; flowers in axillary umbel-like clusters, darken-

ing in drying, the inflorescence an abbreviated raceme (or 2-3 ra-

cemes in each axil), bearing 2-3 approximate decussate pairs of

flowers on slightly compressed pedicels up to 1 mm. wide, 5-10 mm.

long; bracts broadly rounded or pointed, 1 mm. long; bracteoles

broadly ovate, rounded to obtuse at tip, connate for about 0.5 mm.

at base, persistent, 2.5 mm. long and wide; buds about 5 mm. long,

pyriform; hypanthium campanulate, glabrous or nearly so, 2 mm.

long; calyx-lobes unequal, oblong or suborbicular, 1.5-2 mm. wide,

1-2.5 mm. long; disk 2 mm. wide, glabrous; style 7-9 mm. long;

stamens about 75, up to 7-9 mm. long, the anthers about 1 mm.

long; petals white, elliptic, 2-3 mm. wide, 4.5 mm. long; ovary bi-

locular, the ovules about 15 in each locule, radially spreading from

a short, centrally affixed placenta; fruit globose, 1 cm. in diameter

(?immature), said to be yellow. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 455.

Loreto: Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan, on river bank, Jan. 15, 1935,

J. M. Schunke 40 (US, type). Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia dittocrepis Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 292. 1857.

E. congestissima Diels, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 190. 1907.

A large shrub or small tree up to 5 meters high, with stout pale

compressed branchlets, glabrous except the ciliate bracteoles and

calyx-lobes; leaves elliptic or obovate, 3.5-6 cm. wide, 9-16 cm.

long, 2.2-2.7 times as long as wide, acuminate, the tip small and

deltoid or more slender, the base gradually rounded and finally

cuneate, the margins decurrent on the stout but relatively long

petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 10-15 mm. long; mid vein flat or convex

above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 10-15 pairs, somewhat ele-

vated on both surfaces in drying, more conspicuous beneath; mar-

ginal vein 2-8 mm. from margin, somewhat arched between the

laterals, with a network of small veins between it and the margin;

leaves coriaceous, drying green above, pale or dark reddish-brown

beneath, the glands inconspicuous; flowers in small clusters on old

wood, the twigs often 3 mm. thick in the intervals between flowering

nodes; inflorescence an axillary raceme, the axis much reduced, up

to 1-2 mm. long, the flowers 1 or 2 decussate pairs; pedicels (in the

type) slender, in bud 10 mm. long, less than 1 mm. thick, or (in fruit)

4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. thick; bracteoles persistent, appressed to the

hypanthium, ovate, acute, 1.5 mm. long; bud (before calyx-lobes

separate) 4 mm. long; calyx-lobes rounded, 2.5 mm. across, 2 mm.

FLORA OF PERU 695

long; fruit globose, about 1.5 cm. in diameter. — Under this name

I have included glabrous plants with large coriaceous leaves not hav-

ing the midvein impressed above, the flowers in short-pedicelled

small axillary clusters, and the fruit probably globose. Other spe-

cies in eastern Brazil (e.g. Eugenia glomerata Spring) are similar to

the present one, and a revision of the group, in the light of much

more material than is now available, is needed. The Peruvian speci-

mens cited below are only doubtfully conspecific, and their relation-

ships with the type, Poeppig's no. 3109, from Ega, Brazil, are

similarly in doubt. F.M. Negs. 23528, 23536.

Loreto: Tarapoto, Ule 6362, type of E. congestissima. La Vic-

toria, Williams 2814- Amazonian Brazil, Bolivia.

Eugenia egensis DC. Prodr. 3: 281. 1828. E. egensis y grandi-

folia Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 296. 1857.

A shrub or small tree up to 10 meters high, completely glabrous

except for the ciliate margins of the bracts, bracteoles and calyx-

lobes and the hispidulous staminal disk (rarely the young vegetative

parts sparingly pale rufous-strigose, as in Williams 2614, 2794), often

darkening in drying; leaves (1.5-) 2-4 (-4.5) cm. wide, 6-10 (-12.5)

cm. long, (2-) 2.5-3.5 times as long as wide, elliptic to ovate-lanceo-

late, prominently acuminate, rounded or cuneate at base and the

margins somewhat decurrent on the stout channeled petiole 3-4 (-6)

mm. long, about 1 mm. thick; midvein prominent beneath, sunken

above but flat or channeled, not sharply impressed; lateral veins 10-

15 pairs, slender, about equally apparent on both surfaces and slightly

raised on both; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, slightly

arched between them, 0.5-1.5 mm. from the margin; upper surface

of blade dark and somewhat lustrous when dry, often appearing as

if waxed, the glands usually not apparent in mature leaves; lower

surface dull, usually pale yellowish brown when dry, with conspicu-

ous abundant glandular dots, these often dark and somewhat raised;

inflorescence a short axillary raceme (or occasionally 2 or 3 super-

posed racemes in a single axil), the axis somewhat 4-angled, (1-)

3-6 (-17) mm. long, with 4-6 (-8) opposite, decussate pairs of flow-

ers; terminal flower usually aborting; pedicels filiform, straight, (5-)

8-12 (-22) mm. long, widely spreading; bracts somewhat persistent,

rounded, ovate to reniform, broad-based and often nearly concealing

the base of the pedicel, nearly 1 mm. wide and almost as long; brac-

teoles arising from the expanded end of the pedicel and hardly delim-

ited from it, ovate to narrowly triangular, acute, often connate by

the basal margins and forming a boat-shaped cup 1.5-2.5 mm. long

696 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

which persists until the pedicel falls; calyx-lobes 4, rounded, about

2 mm. wide and almost as long, reflexed after anthesis and spreading

in fruit; disk flat, somewhat 4-angled, about 2 mm. wide, with gla-

brous center and minutely hispidulous staminal ring; style about

6 mm. long; stamens about 75, about 6 mm. long; petals white,

elliptic, about 4 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid to subglobose, glandular-

verruculose, up to about 10 mm. long, brown or black at maturity.

-F.M. Neg. 19939.

San Martin: Rioja, 800-900 meters, Weberbauer 4703 (USM) .—

Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27277. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos,

King 1167. Florida, mouth of Rio Zubineta, King 1992. Yurima-

guas, Poeppig, type of var. grandifolia. Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan,

Schunke 59. Pongo de Manseriche, Tessmann 3644- Punchana,

near Iquitos, Williams 1339. La Victoria, Williams 2614, 2794.—

Junin: Huacapistana, 6,000 feet, Sandeman 4438. Guianas to Co-

lombia, south to eastern Bolivia.

Eugenia ependytes McVaugh, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, pilis appressis pallidis, usque ad 1 mm. longis, prae-

dita; foliis 5-10 cm. longis acuminatis, venis utroque latere circiter

10; nervo medio supra impresso; racemis 2-3 cm. longis tenuibus;

calycis lobis 4 mm. longis, utrinque sericeis; bracteolis suborbiculari-

bus, glabris, 5-6 mm. latis.

A small tree, the youngest twigs (sparingly) and the inflorescence

(densely) covered with soft appressed evanescent yellowish- or brown-

ish-white hairs up to 1 mm. long or more; leaves elliptic to oblong or

ovate, 2.5-3.7 cm. wide, 5-10 cm. long, (2-) 2.5-3 times as long as

wide, prominently acuminate, rounded or acute at base, the margins

passing abruptly into the pubescent grooved petiole up to 1 mm.

thick and 4-5 mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent be-

neath; lateral veins about 10 pairs, indefinite in number with some

intermediates, hardly apparent above, slightly elevated beneath

when dry; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, somewhat

arched between them, 1-2 mm. from the margin; blades apparently

dull and nearly concolorous, obscurely if at all glandular-dotted ; in-

florescence an axillary or falsely terminal raceme 2-3 cm. long, with

2-4 pairs of opposite and decussate flowers; axis of raceme com-

pressed, about 1 mm. wide just below the lowest node; pedicels 2-5

mm. long, shaggy-pubescent and appearing stout; bracts ovate-

lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. wide, 3-4.5 mm. long, pubescent without,

glabrous within, acute, persistent through anthesis, the lower often

FLORA OF PERU 697

shorter and blunt or rounded at tip; bracteoles membranous, gla-

brous or essentially so, ciliate, finely gland-dotted, relatively enor-

mous for the genus and so enveloping and concealing much of the

bud (ependytes, an outer garment), but not connate, orbicular or

wider than long, 5-6 mm. wide, 4-5 mm. long; buds about 5 mm.

long, obovoid or subglobose; hypanthium broadly funnel-form,

densely appressed-silky with hairs to 1 mm. long; calyx-lobes in

unequal pairs, broadly rounded with the tips somewhat incurved in

flower, appressed-silky on both surfaces, the outer (larger) pair 4-

4.5 mm. wide, 3-4 mm. long, the inner pair 3 mm. wide, 4 mm. long;

disk 4 mm. wide, glabrous except the inner margin of the staminal

ring; style about 7 mm. long; stamens about 200, about 7 mm. long,

the anthers 0.6-0.8 mm. long; petals suborbicular or obovate, about

7 mm. long, glabrous, gland-dotted, with laciniate margins; ovary

bilocular, the ovules 12-15 in each locule, somewhat biseriate on a

centrally affixed placenta; fruit unknown. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 1097.

?Huanuco: Ganso Azul, Rio Pachitea, 1500 ft. elevation, in par-

tial shade, C. Sandeman 3351, Oct., 1942 (Herb. Kew, type), 3416

(Herb. Kew).

Eugenia feijoi Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 283. 1857.

E. pisonis Berg, in Mart. I.e. 228. E. costata Berg, in Mart. I.e. 577.

1859. E, diplocampta Diels, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 191. 1907.

E. pleurosiphonea Diels, I.e.

A shrub 5-10 meters high, or a tall tree, the branchlets, vegeta-

tive buds and young growth heavily strigose with straight lustrous

coppery-red or pale-red hairs up to 1 mm. long, those on the lower

leaf-surface at least sparingly persistent, sessile and mostly dibrachi-

ate; hairs of the inflorescence closely appressed and often yellowish

and somewhat matted; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 3-5 cm. wide, 8-

14 cm. long (on shoots up to 7 cm. wide, 16 cm. long), 2.5-3 times

as long as wide, cuspidate-acuminate, the tip linear and blunt; base

rounded or acute, the margins decurrent on the inner angles of the

channeled petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 5-10 mm. long; midvein with

narrow elevated median ridge above, pale strigose near base, prom-

inent beneath; lateral veins 6-10 pairs, elevated but not prominent

above, prominulous beneath, the basal ones sometimes strongly as-

cending, then diminishing distally and not joining the marginal vein,

which at mid-leaf is weaker than the laterals and arched between

them, 3-5 (-8) mm. from margin, usually with a weak submarginal

vein connected to it by veinlets at right angles; blades above very

smooth, lustrous, olive green or black when dry, without evident

698 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

glands; lower surface reddish (liver color), dull, dark-dotted; flowers

appearing glomerate, in the axils on old wood, the inflorescence an

abbreviated raceme 1-2 mm. long with 2-5 approximate decussate

pairs of flowers on pedicels 0.6-1 mm. thick, 4-7 mm. long (or up to

1.5 mm. thick and 9 mm. long in fruit); bracts ovate, deciduous,

about 1 mm. long; bracteoles narrowly or broadly ovate, persistent,

scarcely or not at all connate at base, 1.5-2 mm. long; buds 6-9 mm.

long, pyriform, with 4 terminal convexities corresponding to the

thickenings of the calyx-lobes, the hypanthium campanulate, some-

what angled, 2.5 (-3) mm. long; calyx glabrescent without, glabrous

within, the lobes salmon-pink (Killip and Smith), imbricated and

connate in bud except 1-2 mm. at tip, at anthesis splitting to

the disk or nearly so, and ultimately reflexed, 2.5-4 mm. wide, 3.5-

5 mm. long (up to 5 mm. wide and 9 mm. long in fruit), hooded,

convex-thickened near the tips but thin-margined and ciliate, the

inner ones with scarious apical margins 1 mm. wide; disk 2.5-3 mm.

wide, glabrous, the center elevated in an annular thickening about

the style-base; style glabrous, 10 mm. long; stamens 150-175, some-

what shorter than the style, the anthers linear, 1-1.5 mm. long;

petals glabrous, ciliate, 4-5 mm. wide, 8 mm. long; fruit broadly

ellipsoid, or obovoid, 2-2.5 cm. in diameter, 2.5-3.5 cm. long; seed 1,

ellipsoid, undivided. — It is possible that the correct name for this

species is Catinga aromatica Aubl., as suggested by Amshoff (in Pulle,

Flora of Suriname 3, pt. 2: 106. 1951). As noted by Amshoff, how-

ever, "The identification of Aublet's species is still doubtful." The

type, a sterile specimen in the British Museum (Natural History),

was examined by Amshoff, who stated that its identity was uncer-

tain (Rec. Trav. bot. ne*erl. 42: 21. 1949). Miss Amshoff, however,

in the Flora of Suriname, relegated Eugenia pleurosiphonea to the

synonymy of C. aromatica. Eugenia feijoi seems to differ from the

closely related E. cuspidifolia chiefly in the difference in size of the

flowers, and perhaps study will show the two to be conspecific. The

type of E. feijoi is in flower, whereas that of E. pisonis is in fruit,

but the two agree so well in other characters that they seem surely

to represent the same species. The type of E. pisonis was found by

Berg among the Brazilian collections deposited at Munich by Mar-

tius; the type locality was unknown, but from the general morphol-

ogy of the plant Berg assumed that it came from the Amazon region

("Brasilia, certe Najas") . Apparently he was correct in this assump-

tion, for the specimen is very like a collection from near the mouth

of the Rio Negro, Spruce no. 1325, or "Eugenia (13)," which Berg

annotated as a new species with a name he seems never to have

FLORA OF PERU 699

published (E. stictophylla) . References to fruit characters in the

above descriptions have been drawn from the specimens collected by

Martius and Spruce. F.M. Negs. 19941, 19981, 36940, 28349,

23576.

Loreto : Soledad, on Rio Itaya, Kittip & Smith 29811 . Amazonian

Brazil.

Eugenia flavescens DC. Prodr. 3: 272. 1828.

A shrub or tree to 10 meters high according to Amshoff, nearly

glabrous, the vegetative buds, pedicels, bracts, bracteoles and calyx-

lobes with few short cilia or with sparse minuscule erect hairs about

0.1 mm. long; foliage and flowers drying light yellow or the leaves

yellow-green; leaves elliptic or obovate, 2-3 (-5) cm. wide, 5.5-8

(-13) cm. long, 2-3 times as long as wide, pointed at both ends,

usually acuminate at tip, acute at base, the margins decurrent on

the channeled petiole 1 mm. thick, 4-6 mm. long; midvein convex

above and somewhat more prominently so beneath; lateral veins

about 8 pairs, slightly elevated on both sides; marginal vein about

equaling the laterals and arched between them, 1-3 mm. from mar-

gin; leaves smooth and lustrous above, paler beneath, with numerous

elevated dots on both sides at least when young; inflorescence an

abbreviated axillary raceme, the axis 1 mm. long or less, bearing

usually 2 approximate decussate pairs of flowers on compressed ped-

icels about 0.7 mm. thick, 7-12 mm. long; flowers sometimes in oppo-

site pairs from the lowest 1-3 nodes of a new leafy branch, subtended

then by broadly rounded deciduous bracts 1 mm. long; bracteoles

1-1.5 mm. long, ascending, connate, acute, persistent; buds 4-5 mm.

long, pyriform, the hypanthium campanulate, 1.5 mm. long; calyx-

lobes unequal, ovate or suborbicular, imbricate, thin and thin-mar-

gined, 1.5-2 mm. wide, 1-1.5 mm. long; disk glabrous, about 2 mm.

wide; style 7-8.5 mm. long; stamens about 75, 5-6 mm. long, the

anthers 0.5 mm. long; petals suborbicular, white when fresh accord-

ing to Amshoff, ciliate, 4 mm. wide, 5 mm. long; ovary bilocular,

the cells about 15-ovulate; fruit (according to Amshoff) a berry,

depressed-globose, black, striate, the embryo undivided. — Originally

described from eastern Brazil (Bahia), this species is also known from

the Guianas, from southeastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz), and as near

to the Peruvian border as the falls of the Rio Madeira, Brazil. F.M.

Neg. 19943.

Peru (probably).

700 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Eugenia florida DC. Prodr. 3: 283. 1828. E. atropunctata Steud.

Flora 26: 762. 1843. E. gardneriana Berg, in Mart. FI. Bras. 14,

pt. 1: 316. 1857. E. oligoneura Berg, I.e. 321.

Tree up to 15 meters high, nearly glabrous, the inflorescence and

young growth, and sometimes the petioles and blades near the mid-

nerve, finely pubescent. Hairs usually of several types, those of the

racemes minuscule, abundant, the axis appearing prickly-hispidulous

under a lens; hairs of the youngest parts often appressed, rufous, up

to 0.3 mm. long; dibrachiate hairs probably always present, minute,

often asymmetric, flaccid and collapsing and soon deciduous, usually

much less abundant than other types. Leaves elliptic to ovate, often

varying considerably on the same branch, the lower ones broader

and more nearly ovate; blades mostly 3-5 (-8) cm. wide, 6-15 cm.

long, usually 2-3 times as long as wide, acuminate at tip, rounded

or subcuneate at base, the margins decurrent on the stout petiole

1-1.5 mm. thick, up to 5-7 mm. long; midvein flat or impressed

above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 8-10 pairs, prominent be-

neath, impressed in delicate lines above, diminishing distally and

strongly arcuate, the lower veins not ending in a definite marginal

vein but each overarching about 2-5 (-10) mm. from the margin,

approaching and ultimately joining the adjacent vein; lower leaf-

surfaces dull green, usually without evident glands at maturity, the

upper surface sparingly and minutely impressed-puncticulate; inflo-

rescence axillary, 7-10 cm. long or less, or often longer, but then

interrupted by leafy nodes, often twice compound, the individual

racemes up to about 10, 8-10 (-20) flowered, the terminal flower

usually aborting; pedicels 3-4 (-7) mm. long, widely spreading;

bracts ciliate, persistent, ovate, acute, about 1 mm. long, partly en-

veloping the base of the pedicel; bracteoles similar, broader, persist-

ent on the pedicel; hypanthium glabrous; calyx-lobes 4, rounded,

1-1.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, ciliate, abundantly strigose or silky

within; disk flat, glabrous, 1.7-2 mm. wide; style 5-6 mm. long, gla-

brous; stamens about 60, about as long as the style; petals white,

elliptic, 4-5 mm. long; fruit globose, verruculose, about 8-10 mm.

in diameter.— F.M. Negs. 19944, 23513, 23544, 31595.

San Martin: Lamas, Williams 6482. Tarapoto, Williams 5827.

— Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 2571. Muniches, Poeppig 2353, type of

E. oligoneura. Santiago Miindung am Pongo de Manseriche, Tess-

mann 4342. Stromgebiet des Ucayali von 10° S. bis zur Miindung,

Tessmann 3230. Timbuchi, Rio Nanay, Williams 984, 985. Man-

finfa, upper Rio Nanay, Williams 1145. Caballo-Cocha on the

FLORA OF PERU 701

Amazon, Williams 2487. Yurimaguas, Williams 1+203, 4541, 4686,

4749. Rio Mazan near Iquitos, Williams 8177. Iquitos, Sandeman

2259. Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil, to the Guianas, Venezuela and

northern Colombia (Sierra de Santa Marta). "Rupinia" (Williams).

Scarcely distinguishable plants, apparently with slightly more

delicately veined leaves, very slightly smaller flowers and few or no

dibrachiate hairs, occur in Central America. Similar small-flowered

individuals, often nearly glabrous, occur also in Peru, and should

perhaps be recognized nomenclaturally. In these the leaves are

mostly 4.5-6.5 cm. long, the veins are inconspicuous and less dis-

tinctly impressed than those of typical florida, the inflorescence is

usually 1.5-3 cm. long only, the disk about 1.5 mm. wide, the style

3-4.5 mm. long. Some individuals are completely glabrous, whereas

others are pubescent almost exactly as in typical florida.

San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 3876. — Loreto: Near Picaflor, Tess-

mann 3182. — Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9660. Near mouth

of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5242. — Locality uncertain: "Pavon" ex

herb. Moricand (G). This latter specimen is labeled "Myrtus fra-

grans Peru," and, in another hand, "Pavon." The plant appears

to be identical with a specimen in herb. Barbey-Boissier, the latter

probably collected by Tafalla(?) and labeled "Fl. H[uayaquil.] descr.

10.7 1799." Both are probably from the same collection as a speci-

men in the British Museum which is labeled merely "Myrthus sp.

nova" and in a later hand "Ruiz et Pavon." I should refer all these

plants to this small-flowered, nearly glabrous representative of Eu-

genia florida which is discussed above, and I think it probable that

all three came from Ecuador rather than from Peru.

Eugenia gomesiana Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 254. 1857.

Shrub or tree to 8 meters high, the branchlets, petioles, new

growth and inflorescence densely hirsute-velutinous with coarse

somewhat flexuous dark purplish-brown hairs up to 1 mm. long,

the leaves with similar but paler hairs at least on the midvein be-

neath, and often along the midvein above; lower leaf-surface often

with few or numerous shorter, paler and nearly erect hairs; leaves

narrowly elliptic, 4-6.5 cm. wide, 15-24 cm. long, 3-3.5 times as long

as wide, gradually acuminate, narrowed below the middle and acute

or gradually rounded to the base, the margins shortly decurrent on

the stout dark petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 6-8 mm. long; midvein above

convex at least at base, distally with a narrow median channel, prom-

inent beneath; lateral veins 10-15 pairs, slightly elevated above,

702 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

prominulous beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals or

somewhat weaker, forming angular arches between them, 4-10 mm.

from the margin, with a broad veiny zone between it and the mar-

gin; blades dark and lustrous, glabrous or glabrescent and smooth

above, with very numerous small elevated dots when young; lower

surface dull and paler, sometimes reddish brown in drying, the glands

sometimes apparent, the surface under a strong lens appearing papil-

lose-roughened and glistening; inflorescence an abbreviated axillary

raceme, the axis quadrangular, 2 mm. thick, 3-4 (-7) mm. long,

bearing 3-4 approximate decussate pairs of flowers on stout pedicels

1-1.5 mm. thick, 6-8 mm. long; bracts round or oblong, deciduous,

1.5 mm. wide, 1.5-2 mm. long; bracteoles subulate, 2-2.5 mm. long,

deciduous at anthesis or thereafter; buds about 7 mm. long, subglo-

bose; calyx-lobes unequal, glabrous inside, the shorter pair rounded,

2 mm. long, up to 3.5 mm. wide, the other pair oblong, 3.5-4.5 mm.

long and about 3 mm. wide; disk 3^4 mm. wide; petals (according

to Berg) orbicular, 6 mm. long; ovary (according to Berg) bilocular,

multi-ovulate; fruit ellipsoid, 8-12 mm. in diameter, 15-20 mm. long,

crowned by the incurved calyx-lobes; seed 1, ellipsoid, to 12 mm.

long, undivided. — The type of this species is Spruce 1163, or, as

Spruce labeled it in the field, "Eugenia (12)," in the Munich her-

barium. Included under this number in some other herbaria are

specimens of Eugenia prosoneura Berg, which has superficially sim-

ilar leaves but very different pubescence. F.M. Neg. 19950.

Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27189. Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia heterochroma Diels, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48:

190. 1907.

A shrub or small tree to 8 meters high, the inflorescence and

branchlets closely rufous-felted with extremely small crisped or

scurfy hairs hardly more than 0.1 mm. long; leaves elliptic or ob-

long-lanceolate, 4.5-8 cm. wide, 12-19 cm. long, 2.5-3 times as long

as wide, gradually or abruptly short-acuminate, rounded or acute

at base, the margins abruptly decurrent on the inner angles of the

dark channeled petiole 2-2.5 mm. thick, 6-8 mm. long; midvein flat

or convex above, about 1 mm. wide at base, prominent beneath;

lateral veins 12-15 pairs with some additional intermediate veins,

a little elevated on both sides, more prominent beneath; marginal

veins about equaling the laterals and arched beneath them, 3-5 mm.

from margin; leaves smooth and lustrous above, greenish-brown in

drying, the lower surface dull and tan color or rufous, sparingly and

minutely pubescent but the hairs almost invisible on the loosely

FLORA OF PERU 703

cellular surface which under a lens sparkles by reflected light from

the cell-facets; glands not apparent on mature leaves; inflorescence

an abbreviated axillary raceme, solitary, or 2-3 from the same axil,

the axis up to 1 cm. long and 1.5 mm. thick, somewhat 4-angled,

with 1-4 decussate pairs of flowers on pedicels 1 mm. thick, 4-7 mm.

long; bracts broadly ovate, sub-clasping, 2 mm. long; bracteoles

nearly 2 mm. long, broadly ovate, fused by the basal margins into,

a persistent involucre beneath the bud; buds about 7 mm. long,

pyriform, the campanulate hypanthium 3-4 mm. long; calyx-lobes

nearly equal, obovate or elliptic, cucullate, sparingly appressed-

pubescent within, about 5 mm. wide, 6 mm. long; disk 4 mm. wide,

margined by the broad petal-scars, flat or concave, glabrous or

slightly pubescent at center; style 10-11 mm. long, glabrous, en-

larged and verruculose above the middle; stamens 200-250, up to

8 mm. long; anthers 1 mm. long; petals ovate, glabrous, about 9 mm.

long; fruit narrowly ellipsoid, 8 mm. in diameter, 15-18 mm. long,

rufous-puberulent, glandular-verruculose, the calyx-lobes subpersist-

ent; seed 1, long-ellipsoid, undivided. — P.M. Neg. 23546.

Loreto: Iquitos, Williams 8168. Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia hexovulata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 210. 1956.

Tree 15 meters high, the twigs, petioles, inflorescence and lower

leaf-surface completely covered with dense closely appressed dibra-

chiate reddish-brown hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves lanceolate-

oblong, 5-7 cm. wide, 12-24 cm. long, (2.5-) 3-3.5 times as long as

wide, acuminate at tip, rounded at base, the margins short-decurrent

on the inner angles of the channeled petiole 2.5 mm. thick, 12 mm.

long; mid vein elevated above in a narrow median ridge, prominent

beneath; lateral veins about 20 pairs in addition to some slender

intermediate ones, somewhat elevated on both surfaces; marginal

vein about equaling the laterals and slightly arched between them,

1-3 mm. from margin; blades smooth and lustrous above, without

apparent glandular dots; lower surface obscured by the hairs; inflo-

rescence umbel-like, the flowers in clusters up to 15 at nodes on old

wood, on compressed pedicels 1 mm. wide, 8-20 mm. long; each

cluster probably comprising 1-3 abbreviated racemes, each with an

axis 1-3 mm. long, bearing 2-5 approximate decussate pairs of flow-

ers; bracts ovate, 1-1.5 mm. long; bracteoles lanceolate, erect and

appressed at the narrow apical margins of the pedicels, 1-1.5 mm.

long; buds 6 mm. long, pyriform, closed at the tip and rounded or

obscurely apiculate, the narrowly campanulate hypanthium 2-3 mm.

long with about 8 longitudinal ridges; calyx glabrous inside, at an-

704 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

thesis splitting nearly to the disk into 4 nearly equal ovate pointed

lobes 3 mm. wide, 5 mm. long, these finally spreading or the tips

recurved; disk about 2 mm. wide, concave, glabrous, the staminal

ring extending nearly to the depressed center; style 6-7 mm. long;

stamens 100-125, about 5 mm. long, the anthers incurved in the bud,

linear, 1-1.2 mm. long; petals 4, white, obovate, narrow-based, cili-

ate, 3 mm. wide, 5 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules 3 in each

locule, collateral, axile, the micropyle turned down. — A plant of

somewhat questionable generic position. The small number of ovules

is unusual but not unknown in the Eugeniinae. The characters of

the inflorescence, bracteoles and pubescence, the angled hypanthium,

the anthers and the broad staminal ring all suggest Eugenia feijoi

and its relatives, but the venation is unlike that of E. feijoi. Univ.

of Mich. Neg. 462.

Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 600-

1200 meters, forest, Aug.-Sept., 1933, G. King 3194 (F, type).

Eugenia illepida McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 210. 1956.

Shrub or tree to 20 meters high, glabrous except the staminal

ring and the ciliate bracteoles, calyx-lobes and petals; leaves oblance-

olate or sometimes elliptic, 4-7.5 cm. wide, 12-26 cm. long, 3-3.5

times as long as wide, abruptly narrowed to the weakly deltoid-

acuminate tip, narrowed from the middle or above to the convexly

acute base, the margins decurrent on the obtuse inner angles of the

scarcely channeled petiole 1-2 mm. thick, 8-10 mm. long; midvein

flat above or broadly sulcate and somewhat impressed, prominent

beneath; lateral veins 10-15 pairs, a little elevated on both sides;

marginal vein about equaling the laterals, arched between them,

2-5 mm. from margins; leaves green above, smooth and lustrous,

obscurely dotted or in age without apparent dots; lower surface

yellow-green, paler, somewhat brown-dotted; flowers 4-6 together in

clusters (abbreviated racemes) 3 mm. long, on old wood or in leafy

axils; pedicels 1.5 mm. thick, 8-15 mm. long; bracteoles lanceolate,

broad at base but not connate, acute, ascending, persistent, 2.5 mm.

long; buds 10-12 mm. long, subglobose above the narrowly obconic

hypanthium 3 mm. long; calyx-lobes broadly rounded, rigid, prom-

inently gland-dotted and much imbricated, in very unequal pairs,

the outer 7 mm. wide, 4 mm. long, the inner 14 mm. wide, 8 mm.

long; disk about 6-7 mm. wide, hairy, the glabrous center 2 mm.

wide; style 16-17 mm. long; stamens very numerous (about 300?),

about as long as the style, the anthers 1-1.3 mm. long; petals some-

what fleshy, concave, broadly rounded, fimbriate-ciliate with fine

FLORA OF PERU 705

brownish hairs, about 15 mm. long and wide; ovary bilocular, the

ovules about 30 in each locule, radiating from a short centrally

attached placenta. — The type is Krukoff 5675, from near the mouth

of Rio Macauhan, Acre, Brazil.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia inundata DC. Prodr. 3: 280. 1828. E. inundata a

membranacea Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1 : 318. 1857. E. inun-

data j8 coriacea Berg, in Mart. I.e. 319. E. leptantha Benth. in Hook.

Journ. Bot. 2: 321. 1840.

A tree or shrub, the branchlets sparsely puberulent or hispidu-

lous, the inflorescence and vegetative buds appressed-strigose with

straight or crisped whitish hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, these especially

dense and white on the hypanthium, the foliage glabrescent; leaves

obovate, 0.6-2.3 cm. wide, 1.5-4 cm. long, (1.3-) 2-2.5 (-3) times as

long as wide, the apex rounded or blunt-pointed to obscurely acumi-

nate, the base cuneate, the margins decurrent on the inner angles of

a petiolar base or a slender petiole up to 3 mm. long; mid vein a little

impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 5-8 or 10 pairs,

strongly ascending, scarcely apparent above, faintly visible beneath,

scarcely forming a definite marginal vein, but a series of weak loops

about 1 mm. from margin; blades drying dark or black above, dull

and coarsely impressed-punctate; lower surface pale, reddish brown,

dull, finely dark-dotted ; inflorescence an axillary raceme (or reduced

to 1-2 flowers and the axis then almost none), the axis 5-12 mm. long,

somewhat compressed, usually less than 1 mm. wide, bearing 2-3

decussate pairs of flowers on ascending or spreading filiform pedicels

up to 8-12 mm. long; bracts ovate, acute, 1 mm. long; bracteoles

1-1.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. or more wide, connate by the basal

margins, glabrescent and gland-dotted, persistent and explanate after

flowering and then semicircular or obtusely pointed; buds 3-3.5 mm.

long, the hypanthium campanulate, 1 mm. long; calyx-lobes gland-

dotted, rounded, glabrescent without, sparingly appressed-pilose

within, unequal, the larger ones 1 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk

about 1.3 mm. wide, the center glabrous; style 4-5 mm. long; sta-

mens about 30, 5-8 mm. long (often much longer than the style),

the anthers 0.4 mm. long; petals elliptic, 2 mm. wide, 3-3.5 mm.

long, ciliate; ovary bi- (or tri-?) locular, the ovules about 5 in each

cell, collateral, the placenta central; fruit oblate, about 1 cm. in

diameter, 1-seeded. — This species is well known on the upper Ama-

zon as near to the borders of Peru as the vicinity of Ega, Brazil

(Poeppig 2729, the type of var. coriacea Berg) . The species is very

706 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

like E. biflora except for the shape of the leaves, and it is conceivable

that some of the puzzling blunt-leaved forms of E. biflora (see p. 686)

have arisen as a result of hybridization with E. inundata. F.M.

Negs. 19955, 23550.

Loreto: Iquitos, Tessmann 3691. Amazonian Brazil and Colom-

bia (Boca de Loreto- Yacu, Schultes & Black 46-167).

Eugenia jambos L. Sp. PI. 470. 1753. Jambosa vulgaris DC.

Prodr. 3: 286. 1828; Berg, Linnaea 27: 342. 1856. Syzygium jambos

(L.) Alston, in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon (Suppl.) 6: 115. 1931.

A shrub or small tree, glabrous; leaves lanceolate or elliptic-

lanceolate, mostly 3-5 cm. wide, 12-20 cm. long, 4-5 times as long

as wide, long-tapering to the narrowly acuminate apex, subcuneate

or gradually rounded at the base, the margins shortly decurrent on

the stout petiole 1-2 mm. thick, about 1 cm. long; midvein impressed

above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 10-15 pairs, slightly elevated

both sides but more prominent beneath; marginal vein about equal-

ing the laterals, very slightly arched between them, 2-5 mm. from

margin, with a much fainter nerve very near the margin; upper sur-

face drying pale or dark green, the lower usually greenish brown;

glands scarcely apparent on either surface at maturity; inflorescence

a terminal raceme up to 2.5 cm. long, the axis 4-angled, stout, 2-3

mm. thick, bearing 2-4 decussate pairs of flowers, the terminal flower

usually abortive; flowers large, 7-8 cm. across the stamens; pedicels

up to 1.5 cm. long, 1-1.5 mm. thick (2 mm. in fruit); bracts and

bracteoles fugacious; hypanthium obconic, about 1.5 cm. long and

1 cm. across mouth, gradually narrowed to base and slightly con-

tracted into a stout, poorly defined pseudostalk 2-3 mm. long;1

calyx-lobes 4, persistent, concave, reflexed after anthesis, broadly

rounded, the larger about 1 cm. wide at base, 6 mm. long; petals

white, orbicular, gland-dotted, about 1.5 cm. broad and long; sta-

mens very numerous (about 300) and conspicuous, up to 4 cm. long,

creamy-white; anthers oblong, 1.2 mm. long; style 3.5—4 cm. long;

fruit broadly depressed-globose, up to 6 cm. in diameter, 3-4 cm.

long, rose-scented, pale yellow with pink flush; seed 1, about 2.5 cm.

in diameter. — Widely cultivated in tropical countries for ornament.

The fruits are edible.

1 The majority of species of the Asiatic segregate genus Syzygium have the

hypanthium narrowed abruptly or gradually to a slender pedicel-like base which

is actually a part of the flower and not a pedicel. This is the pseudostalk (see

Henderson in Gardens' Bull. Singapore 12: 12. 1949). When a pedicel is present

the articulation between it and the pseudostalk is evident.

FLORA OF PERU 707

Cuzco : Quillabamba, Soukup 136. A native of southeastern Asia.

"Poma rosa."

Eugenia limbosa Berg, Linnaea 27: 294. 1856. E. cassapensis

Berg, I.e. 296. E. 'maynensis Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1 : 318.

1857. ?E. casaretteana Berg, I.e. 520. 1859.

Shrub or small tree up to 10 meters high, the inflorescence and

young growth abundantly silky pubescent with appressed silvery-

gray or yellowish hairs up to 0.7 mm. long. Leaves glabrous or essen-

tially so at maturity, elliptic, narrowed about equally to the prom-

inently and often caudately acuminate tip and to the subcuneate or

rounded base, the margins decurrent on the petiole which is up to

1 mm. thick and 3-6 (-9) mm. long; blades 2-3.5 (-5) cm. wide,

5-8.5 (-11) cm. long, 2-2.7 times as long as wide; mid vein impressed

above, prominent beneath; lateral veins inconspicuous, 15-20 pairs;

marginal vein about equaling the laterals, slightly arched between

them, 1-1.5 mm. from the margin; upper surface darkening in dry-

ing, smooth, the lower dull, usually drying pale brown; glands usu-

ally not apparent in mature leaves, not impressed above; inflores-

cence a raceme (or sometimes 2 or 3 racemes superposed), up to 5 cm.

long, with 10-16 flowers in decussate pairs, the axis 0.5 mm. thick

at base, or flattened and then 1 mm. wide; pedicels straight, (3.5-)

6-10 mm. long, filiform (up to 0.5 mm. thick), widely spreading;

bracts somewhat persistent, lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long; bracteoles

ovate, 1-1.5 mm. long, persistent after the fruit falls; calyx-lobes 4,

often 1.5 mm. wide and 2 mm. long with rounded tip, reflexed after

an thesis, silky on both sides; disk flat, finely hairy, about 2 mm.

wide; style glabrous, 5 mm. long; stamens about 75, 4 mm. long;

petals white, elliptic, ciliate-fringed, 3.5-4 mm. long; fruit not seen

fully mature, probably globose, about 8 mm. in diameter. — Accord-

ing to Berg E. limbosa differed from E. maynensis in having the leaves

less narrowly acuminate and the branchlets compressed. In series

of the original collections of E. limbosa (including some not seen by

Berg), the leaf-tips vary from broadly acuminate in the younger

leaves to almost caudate in some of the older ones. The branchlet

character appears also to be variable and dependent to some extent

upon the age of the branchlet. The collection by Isern is somewhat

finely pubescent, and the dried, nearly mature fruits are 3-5 mm.

in diameter and prominently 8-ridged in the manner of Eugenia uni-

flora. The other collections of E. limbosa which are available for

study are all in bud or immature flower, and no ridges can be ob-

served on the hypanthium in any specimen, but the collection by

708 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Isern appears otherwise to be the same species. F.M. Negs. 31587,

36977, 31561, 19924.

San Martin: Entre Juanjui y Tingo de Saposoa, Ferreyra 4795.

Entre Bellavista y Banos, Ferreyra 1+71$. — Loreto: Yurimaguas,

Kittip & Smith 27983, 27944, 28062, 29102; Poeppig 2375, type of

E. maynensis. — Huanuco: Est. Cueva Grande near Pozuzo, 4767.

Cassapi, Poeppig 1276, type of E. cassapensis. — Junin: Chancha-

mayo, Isern 2238. — Locality uncertain: Ruiz, type; Ruiz & Pavdn

19/50; Diehl 2434. Bolivia; ?Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia longicuspis McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 211. 1956.

Tree 9 meters high, the branchlets, inflorescence, petioles and

veins of the lower leaf-surface covered with appressed-ascending sor-

did, or yellowish- or reddish-brown hairs about 0.5 mm. long (up to

about 1 mm. long on vegetative buds and at nodes) ; leaves obovate-

oblong, 6-7 cm. wide, 18-21 cm. long, about 3 times as long as wide,

abruptly rounded at the apex to a slender and narrowly pointed

acumen 2-3 cm. long, narrowed from above the middle and acute

at base, the margins decurrent on the inner angles of the channeled

petiole 1.5 mm. thick, 10 mm. long; mid vein narrowly impressed

above, raised its own diameter beneath; lateral veins 8-12 pairs in

addition to some intermediates, somewhat impressed above, prom-

inent beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals, equally

impressed above, nearly straight, 5-8 mm. from margin; leaves

smooth, dark, dull and glabrous above, with no glandular dots ap-

parent; lower surface paler, dull, strigose, minutely papillose, with

hardly any dots apparent; inflorescence an axillary raceme 6-9 cm.

long (sometimes 2 racemes superposed), the axis bearing 3-5 pairs

of opposite or subopposite flowers on pedicels 1 mm. thick, 10-17

mm. long; bracts deciduous, divaricate, ovate, 3 mm. long; bracte-

oles broadly rounded or rhomboid, connate, persistent, 3 mm. long,

the involucre 2.5 mm. high, 5 mm. wide; hypanthium campanulate,

densely tawny-strigose, about 3 mm. long; calyx-lobes 4, nearly

equal, suborbicular or oblong, rounded or subtruncate at apex,

closely appressed-pubescent with pale hairs on the inner surface,

about 4 mm. long and wide; disk about 6 mm. wide, pubescent, the

center depressed, glabrous, 2 mm. wide; style not seen, probably

about 9-10 mm. long; stamens more than 200, 7 mm. long or more,

the anthers 0.6 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules 7-8 in each

locule, radiating and somewhat directed inward from the margin of

a flat, centrally attached placenta. — The only known collection bears

FLORA OF PERU 709

flowers just past anthesis, from which the corolla, androecium and

style have fallen. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 490.

A specimen which seems to be intermediate between this species

and Eugenia atroracemosa is Williams' no. 4747, from Yurimaguas,

Loreto, which bears immature buds and one raceme with half-grown

fruits. This has the stout, short-pedicelled racemes, short-acuminate

leaves, and non-connate bracteoles of E. atroracemosa, but the disk

(6-7 mm. wide, glabrous at center), stamens (about 200) and style

(9 mm. long) of E. longicuspis. The ovules are about 7 in each locule

and collateral. This may represent a new species, but the material

is imperfect and because of the resemblance of the flowers to those

of E. longicuspis it is referred with doubt to that species. A second

collection from near Iquitos, Williams' no. 8018, is perhaps also ref-

erable to this species, but the leaves tend to be elliptic and are not

conspicuously caudate-acuminate, the upper surface is impressed-

puncticulate, the pedicels are 5 mm. long and the disk is 4.5 mm.

wide; the fruit, at maturity or nearly so, is subglobose, about 1.5 cm.

in diameter.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, alt. 100 meters, forest, Feb.-

Mar., 1930, G. King 855 (US, type).

Eugenia macrocalyx (Rusby) McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 212.

1956. Calycorectes macrocalyx Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 7:

313. 1927.

A shrub 2-3 meters high, thinly strigose on branchlets, young

leaves and inflorescence (densely so on vegetative buds and hypan-

thium) with appressed whitish hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves

elliptic to ovate, or obovate, 3-6 cm. wide, 9-18 cm. long, (2-) 2.5-

3 times as long as wide, broadly or narrowly acuminate, the base

rounded or acute, the margins decurrent on the petiole 1-1.3 mm.

thick, 6-15 mm. long; midvein impressed above, prominent beneath;

lateral veins about 10 pairs in addition to some intermediate ones,

elevated a little but inconspicuous above, somewhat more evident

beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched be-

tween them, 2.5-5 mm. from margin; blades drying pale green,

smooth and lustrous above, pale beneath with minute glistening par-

ticles on the surface; glandular dots few on both surfaces; inflores-

cence an abbreviated axillary raceme with the axis up to 1 cm. long,

bearing about 3 pairs of flowers on compressed pedicels 0.5-1 mm.

thick, 5-15 (-35) mm. long, or the raceme-axis elongate and leafy

with only the lower 1-2 axils flower-bearing; bracts deciduous, sub-

710 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

ulate, strigose, 5 mm. long; bracteoles deciduous, subulate-filiform,

strigose, 2-4 mm. long; hypanthium 2.5^4 mm. long in flower, ob-

conic, often very narrowly so at base and abruptly expanded into

the cuplike calyx; calyx-lobes foliaceous, erect, separated by broad

rounded sinuses, unequal, in bud 2-2.5 mm. wide, 7-9 mm. long,

after anthesis the smaller triangular, 5 mm. wide, 13 mm. long, the

larger ovate, 7 mm. wide and 16 mm. long; disk glabrous, quad-

rangular, about 5 mm. across, with broad staminal ring; style 10 mm.

long; stamens 100-150, up to 12 mm. long, the filaments yellow

(Killip and Smith), the anthers 0.3 mm. long; petals obovate, appar-

ently pale yellow, concave, 5-6 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules

about 12 in each locule, radially attached to a short placenta on

the central axis; fruit oblong or pyriform, glandular-tuberculate,

2.5 cm. long.

Loreto: Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28512, 28514, 28520, 28523.

Bolivia.

Eugenia macrophylla Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 268.

1857.

Shrub or tree up to 12 meters high, the young growth flocculent-

tomentose with thin evanescent crisped pale brown hairs, at least a

few usually persistent on the lower leaf-surface; axis of raceme,

pedicels and hypanthium densely, and calyx and bracteoles moder-

ately, loosely rufous-tomentose; leaves elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-8

cm. wide, 15-24 cm. long, usually 3 times as long as wide, gradually

or abruptly short-acuminate, usually narrowed from the middle

toward the base and there long-acute, the margins decurrent on the

dark stout petiole 1.5-2 mm. thick, 10-15 mm. long; midvein above

convex and 1 mm. wide at base or elevated in a narrow ridge, on

the lower surface prominent and elevated about its own thickness;

lateral veins 12-15 pairs, somewhat impressed above, elevated and

prominent beneath; marginal vein definite and conspicuous, 3-8 mm.

from margin, but the arches (loops) evidently formed of the dimin-

ishing tips of the lateral veins; blades above dark yellowish green,

smooth and sub-vernicose, dull beneath and paler and somewhat

appressed-pubescent; glandular dots small and numerous but often

scarcely apparent in mature leaves; inflorescence an abbreviated

axillary raceme, the stout axis mostly 1-2 mm. long, bearing 1-4

approximate, decussate pairs of flowers on stout pedicels 1 mm.

thick, 2-4 mm. long; bracts early deciduous, subrotund, about 2

mm. long and wide; buds 5-9 mm. long, the broadly campanulate

hypanthium 2 mm. long, mostly concealed by the involucre-like,

FLORA OF PERU 711

fused, ovate-rotund bracteoles, the individual bracteoles about 3

mm. long, scarious, thin and fragile, the margins fraying and split-

ting off even in the bud; calyx flaring in bud, much shorter than the

narrow-based globe of petals, in texture like the bracteoles and sim-

ilarly disintegrating, the lobes glabrous within, ciliate-fringed, some-

what unequal, the larger pair suborbicular, 3-4.5 mm. wide and long;

disk 3 mm. wide, the staminal ring scurf y-puberulent, the center

1 mm. wide, densely pilose with erect reddish hairs up to 1 mm.

long; style glabrous, 12 mm. long; stamens 250-300, up to 11-13

mm. long, the anthers 0.6 mm. long; petals obovate, ciliate, gland-

dotted, glabrous, 6 mm. wide, 12 mm. long; ovary bilocular, with

25-30 ovules in each locule, radiating from a centrally affixed pla-

centa.— The type locality was Ega, Brazil, on the upper Amazon,

and this species is also known from the basin of the Rio Madeira,

in the southern part of the state of Amazonas. F.M. Neg. 23558.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia malpighioides (HBK.) DC. Prodr. 3: 275. 1828.

Myrlus malpighioides HBK. Nov. Gen.- & Sp. 6: 146 (folio ed.

p. 116). 1823.

A tree or shrub, the branchlets, petioles and inflorescence spar-

ingly strigose with reddish hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves ovate,

up to 2-2.5 cm. wide, 4 cm. long, acute or obscurely and bluntly

acuminate at tip, acute or obtuse at base, the margins passing

abruptly into the petiole 1 mm. thick, 3 mm. long; midvein flat

above, prominent beneath; lateral veins about 8 pairs, obscure above,

slightly elevated but not prominent beneath; marginal vein about

equaling the laterals and arched between them, 1.5-2 mm. from

margin; blades dark, lustrous and smooth above, dull and gland-

dotted beneath; flowers in axillary clusters, probably abbreviated

axillary racemes, the axis very short, bearing 2-4 approximate de-

cussate pairs of flowers on filiform pedicels 3-6 mm. long; buds

3 mm. long, pyriform; hypanthium campanulate, glabrous, 1 mm.

long; bracts very short, probably deciduous; bracteoles about 1 mm.

long or a little more, broadly ovate, blunt, rounded on back, the

margins fimbriate, the basal margins approximate, not connate;

calyx-lobes rounded, fringed, unequal, the larger 1 mm. long; disk

about 1 mm. wide; style probably 4 mm. long; stamens 27-36

(Kunth), about 4 mm. long, the anthers 1 mm. long; petals elliptic,

subciliate; ovary (Kunth) bilocular, the ovules 3-5 in each locule. —

The type locality is given in the original publication as "ad ripam

fluminis Amazonum," but the Bonpland specimen at Paris is labelled

712 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

"Maranon," and the locality was presumably near Jaen, on the Rio

Maranon. F.M. Neg. 36899.

The collection by Killip and Smith is referred to this species with

some hesitation, because the pubescence of the inflorescence, leaves

and branchlets is somewhat more abundant, and the veins in the

leaves are more delicate than those of the type. The two collections

agree well enough, however, in flower morphology and in the mor-

phology of the coarse hairs of the petioles, as well as in more general

features, to be regarded as conspecific. Certain collections with the

pubescence and apparently the flower characters of E. malpighioides

but the leaf shape of E. egensis are cited under that species (Wil-

liams 2614, 2794).

Cajamarca: "In Prov. Jaen de Bracamoros," Bonpland, type.—

Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000

meters alt., Kittip & Smith 22761.

Eugenia mandonii McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 212. 1956.

A tree or shrub, the branchlets and inflorescence strigose with

stiff sordid hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the foliage glabrate; leaves

elliptic-ovate, 1-2 cm. wide, 2-4 cm. long, 2-3 times as long as wide,

the tip blunt-pointed, acute or obscurely acuminate, the base acute,

the margins cuneately decurrent on the petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick,

2-3 mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral

veins 5-8 pairs in addition to some intermediate ones, slightly ele-

vated on both sides but not very conspicuous; marginal vein weaker

than the laterals and somewhat arched between them, 1 mm. from

margin; blades vernicose above, rather dull beneath; both sides

somewhat strigose and finely dark-dotted; flowers solitary and oppo-

site from the 2 lowest nodes of new leafy branchlets (or the axis

occasionally abortive and forming an abbreviated raceme), on slen-

der compressed glabrous or sparingly strigose pedicels 1-1.5 mm.

thick, 8-16 mm. long; bracts foliaceous and elliptic, up to 3 mm.

wide, 6-8 mm. long, or much smaller and scarious, ovate, pointed,

1.5-2 mm. long; bracteoles subulate, 2 mm. long, white-strigose;

buds 6 mm. long, obovate, the hypanthium densely white-strigose,

broad-campanulate, 2.5 mm. long; calyx-lobes broadly rounded,

glabrous and gland-dotted outside, thickly white-strigose within,

about 3 mm. wide, 2.5 mm. long; disk 4-4.5 mm. wide, hirsute, the

depressed center with some hairs about the style-base; style 6.5-

9 mm. long; stamens about 200, up to 10 mm. long, the anthers

0.4-0.5 mm. long; petals suborbicular, glabrous, fringed, 5 mm. long;

FLORA OF PERU 713

ovary bilocular, the ovules about 15 in each locule, radiating from

a short centrally affixed placenta. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 438.

Peru (probably). Northern Bolivia (Mandon 634, type).

Eugenia micranthoides McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 212.

1956.

A shrub or small tree, minutely pubescent, the branchlets and

inflorescence densely beset with sharp slender erect pale hairs about

0.1 mm. long; similar hairs occur on the petioles and sparingly on

the leaf margins and the principal veins; leaves elliptic, 2-2.5 cm.

wide, 4-7 cm. long, 2-3 times as long as wide, about equally nar-

rowed to a narrow and often subcaudate acumen 1-1.5 cm. long,

and to the rounded and finally subcuneate base, the margins decur-

rent on the straight petiole about 3 mm. long; midvein impressed-

sulcate above except at tip, prominent beneath; lateral veins about

10 pairs, slender, obscure on both surfaces, the marginal vein about

equaling the laterals and often somewhat arched between them,

mostly 1 mm. or less from margin; leaves dull, drying pale green

and without evident glands above, liver-brown and minutely dark-

glandular beneath; inflorescence an axillary raceme, or twin racemes

superposed, the axis reddish-hairy, up to 8 mm. long, or only 1-2

mm. long in flower, somewhat compressed below the nodes, with

2-5 decussate pairs of flowers, the terminal flower usually abortive;

pedicels 2-4 mm. long, somewhat compressed, up to 0.5 mm. wide;

bracts deciduous; bracteoles ovate, acute, persistent, 0.6 mm. long;

disk about 2 mm. wide, the staminal ring hairy; calyx-lobes broadly

rounded, unequal, the larger 1.5 mm. wide, 1 mm. long; style 4.5-

5 mm. long, glabrous; stamens about 50, 5 mm. long, the anthers

0.5 mm. long; petals suborbicular, 2.5 mm. long; ovary bilocular,

the ovules 6 in each locule, radiating from a short, centrally affixed

placenta; fruit not seen. — Superficially like Eugenia micrantha

(HBK.) DC. (Myrtus micrantha HBK.) in many respects, and strik-

ingly similar to that species in characters of pubescence and mor-

phology of the inflorescence. In E. micrantha, however, the leaves

are narrower, prominently veined and glandular, the midvein is not

impressed above, the flowers are smaller, and the bracts are persist-

ent. The type locality of E. micrantha is near Honda in the Mag-

dalena Valley of Colombia, but a note at the end of the original

description (HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 115 [folio]. 1823) says: "Bon-

plandius haec specimina in Peruvia lecta esse memorat." Appar-

ently this reference to Peru is erroneous, for the species is well known

714 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

in Colombia but has not subsequently been found in Peru. Univ.

of Mich. Neg. 468.

Loreto: Yurimaguas, Parana Pura, in forest, Oct.-Nov., 1929,

Williams 4620 (F, type), Williams 3825, 4102.

Eugenia multirimosa McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 213. 1956.

A shrub or small tree; young branchlets not seen, the older twigs

with reddish thin bark separating in longitudinal strips; inflorescence

closely puberulent with minute crisped pale reddish-brown hairs;

leaves nearly sessile, oblanceolate to elliptic, 7-11 cm. wide, prob-

ably 25-?35 cm. long, 3-3.5 times as long as wide, the tips short-

acuminate, the blade attenuate from the middle or above to near

the base, where 2-3 cm. wide and then abruptly rounded and cor-

date-auriculate, the auricles nearly equaling the petiole; petiole 3-5

mm. long but appearing much longer from below, enlarged and

corky-shedding and appearing 4-5 mm. thick, the enlarged portion

10-15 mm. long and extending well below the blade; midvein im-

pressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins about 15 pairs in

addition to some intermediates, impressed but the veins themselves

convex, prominent beneath; marginal vein about equaling the lat-

erals and but slightly arched between them, nearly straight, at the

middle of the leaf 5-10 mm. from the margin, with an outer smaller

submarginal vein 1-3 mm. from the margin and connected to the

inner vein by numerous small veins at right angles; blades green and

lustrous, smooth above, the lower surface somewhat appressed-

pubescent, gray-green and minutely papillose; dots not apparent in

mature leaves; inflorescence an abbreviated axillary raceme on old

wood (or several racemes from a single axil), the axis 1.5 mm. thick,

2-4 mm. long, bearing about 3 approximate decussate pairs of flowers

on pedicels 0.5-1 mm. thick (up to 2 mm. thick in fruit, and corky

like the petioles), 8-11 mm. long; bracts deciduous, ovate- triangular,

2 mm. wide, 4 mm. long; bracteoles persistent, ovate, pointed, about

1.5 mm. long, the basal margins not fused or very shortly so; hypan-

thium at anthesis urceolate, broad-based, 3 mm. long; calyx-lobes

sparingly strigose within, suborbicular, unequal, the larger 4.5-5 mm.

wide, 4-5 mm. long; disk 3.5-4.5 mm. wide, the central glabrous

part 1.5 mm. wide, the staminal ring broad and conspicuous, 1.5 mm.

wide, the stamens thus probably very numerous (ca. 300?) ; fruit said

to be orange (immature?), ellipsoid, about 2 cm. in diameter, 3 cm.

long, the seed 1, undivided. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 491.

FLORA OF PERU 715

Loreto: Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, alt. ca. 135 meters,

dense forest, Aug. 23-Sept. 7, 1929, Killip & Smith 29019 (US, type) ;

Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 28020; Timbuchi, Williams 1017.

Eugenia myrobalana DC. Prodr. 3: 277. 1828. E. corymbosa

Berg, Linnaea 31: 256. 71862.

Tree up to 10 meters high, nearly glabrous, but the inflorescence

appressed-pubescent to tomentulose with stiff rufous or pale red hairs

up to 0.5 mm. long, and the lower leaf-surface very minutely and

closely appressed-pubescent with colorless lustrous hairs; leaves obo-

vate to elliptic, 9-13 cm. wide, 23-33 cm. long, 2.3-3 times as long

as wide, rather abruptly narrowed at tip to a small pointed acumen,

gradually narrowed toward base from the middle or above and finally

abruptly rounded into the stout dark petiole 2-4 mm. thick, 10-18

mm. long; principal veins sulcate above, but the veins proper flat

or slightly convex, all prominent beneath; lateral veins 9-12 pairs,

strongly ascending, diminishing distally and losing their identity in

small veins connecting to the next succeeding laterals; leaves brown-

ing in drying, smooth, dark and obscurely glandular above, lustrous

grayish-brown beneath from the close covering of hairs, these nearly

concealing the few dark glands; flowers borne on the twigs at leaf-

less nodes, the inflorescence consisting of a tapering and somewhat

4-angled axis 1-2 cm. long (or sometimes 2 or 3 from the same node),

bearing 6-8 decussate pairs of flowers on compressed slender pedicels

1.2-2.5 cm. long and 1.5 mm. wide at summit; bracts deciduous at

anthesis, linear or elliptic, 2-2.5 mm. wide, 6 mm. long; buds glo-

bose, about 8 mm. in diameter, closely subtended and enveloped by

the bracteoles which are concave and broadly rounded, obovate,

8-10 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, their narrow bases surrounding the

summit of the pedicel like a collar but deciduous at anthesis; hypan-

thium in anthesis obconic, broad-based, soon much elongating and

narrowly ellipsoid; calyx-lobes broadly triangular to oblong, blunt-

tipped, glabrous on the inner surface, 3-6 mm. wide, 4-6 mm. long,

soon reflexed after opening; disk 4.5-5 mm. wide, glabrous or nearly

so at the center; style 8-9 mm. long, glabrous; stamens about 150,

5-6 mm. long; anthers 1 mm. long; petals broadly obovate, 7-8 mm.

long; fruit ellipsoid, crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes, 1.3-

1.7 cm. thick, 2.5-3 cm. long.— F.M. Neg. 19971, Univ. of Mich.

Neg. 488.

San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2666. Tarapoto, Spruce

4902, type of E. corymbosa. — Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3039. Yuri-

716 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

maguas, Williams 5263, 5340. Amazonian Brazil. "Sacha caymi-

tillo" (Williams).

Eugenia nigra DC. Prodr. 3: 268. 1828.

A small tree, glabrous or nearly so, the leaves very stiff and cori-

aceous, elliptic-oblong, often trough-like and the upper side folded

in when dried, 5-6.5 cm. wide, 10-15 cm. long, the tip shortly del-

toid-acuminate (acumen 3-5 mm. long), the base rounded to a very

short petiole (in the type specimen) or the petiole 2 mm. thick, 12

mm. long; midvein concave above, prominent beneath; lateral veins

12-20 pairs, inconspicuous and sometimes somewhat elevated above,

very inconspicuous and scarcely elevated beneath; marginal vein

about equaling the laterals and arched between them, 3-5 mm. from

the margin, a weaker submarginal vein 1-2 mm. from the margin;

blades drying green or quite black above, smooth, lustrous, and im-

pressed-puncticulate, the lower surface dull reddish brown and quite

featureless; inflorescence an abbreviated axillary raceme, the axis up

to 4-5 mm. long or much less, the few flowers subsessile, the pedicels

2 mm. long (or in fruit 1.5 mm. thick, 4 mm. long) ; bracteoles about

0.7 mm. long, ascending and appressed to the bud, connate and

forming a narrow, notched, persistent involucre; buds 5 mm. long,

the hypanthium pyriform, ridged, 2 mm. long, the short rounded

calyx-lobes ciliate, much shorter than the globe of the petals; fruit

probably oblong, about 1 cm. long. — This species is known with

certainty only from the type, which was collected by Martius near

Ega, Brazil. A recent collection from Bolivia, near the Peruvian

border, however, seems to be conspecific (Baldwin no. 2976a, above

Buena Vista, Rio Pacahuaris, Terr. Colonia, June 27, 1943). Also

included in Eugenia nigra in the present treatment (but not in the

description) are one other Bolivian collection and two Peruvian ones

which may well represent three different species of which more ma-

terial is needed for study before formal classification and description.

All agree with E. nigra in having large, long-petiolate leaves, nearly

sessile clustered flowers which are glabrous, but with longer styles

(10 mm. long or more) and more elongate hypanthia than in the

group of Eugenia tapacumensis and its allies. They differ, however,

as follows: Baldwin 2976, collected with his 2976a, has thinner,

veiny-reticulate leaves and about 15 ovules in each locule; Williams

1099, from Manfinfa, Loreto, Peru, has longer, pointed leaves, pedi-

cels almost none, calyx-lobes 3 mm. long, stamens 125-150, and

about 8 ovules in each locule; Killip & Smith 28704, from Yuri-

maguas, Loreto, Peru, has blunt veiny leaves with strong marginal

FLORA OF PERU 717

vein 8-10 mm. from margin, the hypanthium short, stamens 50-75,

and about 20 ovules in each locule. F.M. Neg. 19975.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia ochrophloea Diels, Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 189.

1907.

Shrub 2-6 meters high, glabrous except the ciliate margins of the

perianth lobes, bracts and bracteoles, and the pubescent staminal

ring; leaves ovate, 4-6 cm. wide, 10-12 cm. long, about twice as long

as wide, the tip gradually deltoid-acuminate, decurved, the base

rounded, the margins passing abruptly into the inner obtuse angles

of the flat summit of the petiole 2 mm. thick, 4 mm. long; mid vein

flat above or shallowly sulcate near the base, prominent beneath;

lateral veins about 10 pairs, narrowly and obscurely elevated above,

prominulous beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and

arched between them, 2-4 mm. from margin; leaves smooth and dark

green above, with few or no glands apparent; lower surface dull,

paler, finely dark-dotted; inflorescence an abbreviated axillary ra-

ceme, or 2 racemes superposed, the axis 1 mm. thick, quadrangular,

2-4 mm. long, bearing 2-4 (-8) approximate, decussate pairs of

flowers on nearly terete pedicels 0.5 mm. thick, 3.5-8 mm. long;

bracts subpersistent, broadly ovate, pointed or rounded, 1 mm. long;

bracteoles ovate, pointed, narrowed at base, not connate, 1 mm. long

and wide; buds 4 mm. long, pyriform; hypanthium short-campanu-

late, rounded at base, 1-1.5 mm. long; calyx-lobes broadly rounded,

unequal, the smaller 1 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, the larger 1.5-

2 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide; disk 2-2.5 mm. wide, the staminal ring

hairy; style 5 mm. long; stamens about 75, about 5 mm. long, the

anthers 0.7 mm. long; petals obovate, ciliate, 3.5 mm. wide, 4-4.5

mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules about 12 in each locule, radi-

ally attached to the centrally affixed placenta. — This is one of a

group of species which have in common the nearly glabrous herbage

and inflorescence, the flowers small, in sessile axillary clusters, the

midrib flat or convex on the upper leaf-surface, and the fruit as far

as known globose. Eugenia dittocrepis Berg differs superficially from

the present species in its much longer petioles (10-15 mm.). E. pro-

tracta Berg, Linnaea 31: 254. 71862, from the upper Rio Negro, was

based on Spruce's no. 3816. This appears to be identical with

E. ochrophloea except that the leaves are somewhat smaller, drying

black, eglandular beneath, with flat and caudate-acuminate tips.

The little-known E. malpighioides, described from northern Peru, is

718 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

pubescent, the leaves are small and ovate, and the flowers much

smaller. F.M. Neg. 23566, Univ. of Mich. Neg. 432.

Loreto: Tarapoto, Ule 6454, type.

Eugenia origanoides Berg, Linnaea 29: 229. 1858.

Tree or shrub, usually densely tawny-hirsutulous on branchlets

and inflorescence, and somewhat less densely on the lower leaf-sur-

faces, with erect or curved lustrous hairs about 0.5-1.0 mm. long;

leaves elliptic, 2-5 cm. wide, 4-10 cm. long, 2-3 times as long as

wide, abruptly or gradually narrowed to the pointed or somewhat

bluntly acuminate tip, narrowed and rounded at base, the margins

passing abruptly into the sulcate hirsute petiole 1-2 mm. thick (in-

cluding the hairs), 3-4 mm. long; mid vein impressed and persistently

hirsutulous above, prominent beneath; lateral veins about 10 pairs

with some intermediate veins almost as strong, slightly elevated in

drying but inconspicuous above, evident beneath, nearly straight

and passing directly into the marginal vein, which is about as strong

as the laterals and arched between them, 2.5-5 (-8) mm. from the

margin with a smaller, submarginal vein between it and the margin;

blades dark in drying, strigose above and non-glandular, paler be-

neath and finely dark-dotted; flowers closely glomerate, the inflores-

cence a group of abbreviated axillary racemes; axis of each raceme

up to 4 (-7) mm. long, bearing up to 5 approximate and decussate

pairs of flowers on pedicels 1-1.5 mm. long or less; bracts rounded-

deltoid, about 0.7 mm. long and wide, glabrous on the inner surface,

the outer thickly velutinous with hairs 0.5 mm. long; bracteoles per-

sistent, narrowly ovate, acute, setose like the bracts, 0.5-1 mm. long;

hypanthium subglobose, about 1.3 mm. long and wide, sparingly

pilose; calyx-lobes 4, membranous, glabrous or sparingly setose,

long-ciliate, gland-dotted, rounded-ovate, about as long as the hy-

panthium, 1 mm. wide and 1.3 mm. long; disk flat, glabrous or hairy

at the center, about 1.3 mm. wide; style 6-6.5 mm. long; stamens

about 35-50, up to 5-6 mm. long, the anthers 0.2-0.4 mm. long;

petals obovate, glabrous, 2.5 mm. wide, 4 mm. long; ovary bilocular,

the ovules about 10 in each locule, radially attached to a short pla-

centa near the center of the central partition; fruit not seen.

"Peru," Maclean ["McLean"] (Herb. Kew, ex herb. Hook.).

This species probably does not occur in Peru. It ranges from

eastern Mexico to Colombia. It has not been collected extensively

except in Central America. The extent of its range in Colombia is

not well known. According to Amshoff (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 45:

FLORA OF PERU 719

181. 1958) it is one of the two most common species of Eugenia in

Panama, and probably occurs in all provinces of that country. It

seems likely that a specimen from Panama, or elsewhere in Central

America, may have been mixed accidentally with Peruvian speci-

mens obtained by Maclean.

John Maclean was a merchant, a long-time resident of Lima, who

corresponded with Hooker and who sent a number of his own collec-

tions to Kew. He worked with Andrew Mathews and other Peruvian

collectors. It appears from the records at Kew that Maclean made

a number of trips between Europe and South America. His collec-

tions are usually without definite locality data, which would suggest

that he kept no systematic records but held plants from various

localities until some quantity had accumulated, and then bundled

up and sent or carried them to England. It is possible that he him-

self obtained a specimen of Eugenia origanoides in Central America

on one of his trips and failed to note the source of the specimen.

I am indebted to Mr. N. Y. Sandwith for notes on the Maclean

correspondence at Kew.

Eugenia patrisii Vahl, Eel. Amer. 2: 35. 1798. E. inocarpa DC.

Prodr. 3: 264. 1828. E. vellozii Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1:

255. 1857. E. teffensis Berg, in Mart. I.e. Stenocalyx patrisii (Vahl)

Berg, Linnaea 29: 247. 1858.

A shrub or small tree 6-7 meters high, or perhaps to 20 meters,

the branchlets more or less crisped-puberulent or loosely hairy with

reddish hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; vegetative buds and sometimes

young shoots and bracts strigose with appressed reddish silky hairs;

leaves glabrous or nearly so, a few long hairs sometimes persisting

on the lower surface, and the mid vein above often short-hairy; leaves

elliptic to obovate or ovate, variable in size on the same plant, the

leaves at flowering time often 2-4 cm. wide, 4-6 cm. long, the ma-

ture leaves up to 5-7 cm. wide, 8-12 (-16) cm. long, mostly 2-2.5

times as long as wide, narrowly and gradually or abruptly acuminate

at tip, cuneate at base, or narrowed and abruptly rounded to the

stout petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 3-4 (-6) mm. long; midvein plane

above, or in the central part of the leaf raised in a thin line, promi-

nent beneath; lateral veins 5-8 pairs, widely spaced, prominent

beneath, flat above or depressed below the surface in furrows; mar-

ginal vein conspicuously arched and relatively far (3-8 mm., or 6-

12 mm. in the larger leaves) from the margin; lower pair of lateral

veins usually not joining the main marginal vein, but continuing

into a weak secondary marginal vein about one-third the distance

720 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

from the margin to the main vein; leaves smooth, minutely gland-

dotted on both sides, usually drying brown, the upper surface lus-

trous and often darkening, the lower dull, light rusty brown; flowers

on long filiform and conspicuously bracteate pedicels, in short axil-

lary racemes or at the lowest nodes of new leafy shoots; axis of

raceme up to 1.5 mm. thick, 4-5 mm. long, with 4-5 decussate pairs

of flowers and the terminal bud abortive, or the flowers apparently

lateral and solitary on the shoots; pedicels (1.5-) 2-3 cm. long, terete

or somewhat compressed and then about 0.5 mm. wide, glabrous or

sparingly and loosely hairy, usually with scattered elevated glandu-

lar dots; bracts loosely imbricated in 4 ranks at the bases of racemes

and new shoots, mostly deciduous after anthesis, those subtending

pedicels mostly narrowly ovate, acute, 1-2.5 mm. wide at base, 1.5-

7 mm. long, hairy or rarely glabrous; bracteoles at the base of the

obconic hypanthium, deciduous at anthesis, linear, ciliate, about 1.5

mm. long; buds glabrous, 4-5 mm. long before the petals unfold;

calyx-lobes rounded, ciliate, glabrous on both sides, about 2 mm.

wide, 1.5 mm. long; style glabrous or somewhat hairy, 6-8 (-11) mm.

long; stamens about 100, to 8 mm. long, the anthers 0.6 mm. long;

petals white, obovate, ciliate, 4 mm. wide, 10 mm. long; fruit (ac-

cording to Amshoff) globose to pear-shaped, red, juicy, edible, 1.5-

2 cm. in diameter. — In Peru there occur plants which have two

different leaf-types but are otherwise closely similar and probably

conspecific. In the type of Eugenia patrisii the leaves are relatively

small (mostly 6-8 cm. long) and tend to be cuneate at the base.

The type of E. inocarpa DC. has leaves of this kind, and so appar-

ently do most plants in the Guianas and Venezuela. In eastern

Colombia, Amazonian Brazil and Peru certain plants have some-

what larger leaves with stouter petioles, the blades narrowed and

finally abruptly rounded, rather than cuneate, at base; this is E. vel-

lozii Berg, which perhaps should be distinguished as a variety or

subspecies, but hardly merits recognition as an independent species.

F.M. Negs. 7948, 19954, 20016, 23014.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 318. Iquitos to Pongo de Manseriche,

Tessmann 3635. Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil to the Guianas.

Eugenia percincta McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 214. 1956.

A tree or shrub, the branchlets, petioles, inflorescence, veins of

the lower leaf-surface and midvein of the upper, velutinous with

lustrous erect or appressed reddish-brown coarse curved hairs up to

1 mm. long, the lower surface of the leaves between the veins with

numerous similar hairs but the surface not obscured ; leaves broadly

FLORA OF PERU 721

elliptic-oblong, 6-8.5 cm. wide, 12-14 cm. long, 1.6-2 times as long

as wide, about equally narrowed to both ends, deltoid acuminate,

the base obtuse, the margins abruptly joining the flat hirsute sum-

mit of the stout petiole 2 mm. thick, 10 mm. long; midvein flat or

broadly channeled above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 8-10

pairs, elevated above, prominent beneath; marginal vein about

equaling the laterals and strongly arched between them, 3-8 mm.

from margin, mostly apparent in the distal half of the blade only,

the lowest 1-2 veins diminishing distally and running irregularly

into the next succeeding ones; blade with conspicuous cartilaginous

glabrous margin (as seen on the upper surface) formed by a heavy

convex vein about twice as thick as the lateral veins; upper surface

of blade smooth and lustrous, somewhat reticulate-veined, without

apparent glands; lower surface paler and minutely papillose, with at

least a few glandular dots; inflorescence an abbreviated axillary ra-

ceme, the axis almost none, bearing 2 approximate and decussate

pairs of flowers on pedicels 1-1.5 mm. thick, 5 mm. long; bracts

lanceolate, deciduous, glabrous on the upper surface, 1.5 mm. wide,

3.5-5 mm. long; bracteoles similar; hypanthium nearly hemispheric,

about 2 mm. high; calyx-lobes rounded, velutinous both sides, about

5-6 mm. long and wide; disk 4-4.5 mm. wide, hairy, the center 1.5

mm. wide, red-hirsute; style glabrous, 14-16 mm. long; stamens

about 150, about as long as the style; anthers 0.7-0.8 mm. long;

petals ciliate-fringed, glabrous inside, partly hairy outside, about

7 mm. wide, 10 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules 15-18 in each

locule, radially attached to a short placenta on the central axis.—

Known only from the type, Rusby 2084, collected at the falls of the

Rio Madeira, Brazil. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 453.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia polyadena Berg, Linnaea 31: 258. ?1862.

Shrub or tree, nearly glabrous, strigose in the inflorescence with

grayish-white closely appressed hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; bracts,

bracteoles and calyx-lobes glabrous but ciliate; leaves elliptic to obo-

vate, 3-6 cm. wide, 6-15 cm. long, 2-2.5 times as long as wide,

short-acuminate at apex or broadly rounded and the acumen obso-

lete, rounded to subcuneate at base, the margins decurrent on the

stout petiole 1.5 mm. thick, 5-10 mm. long; leaves obscurely veined,

the midvein slightly impressed above, prominently raised beneath;

lateral veins 10-15 pairs, very slender, slightly raised beneath, the

marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched between them,

2-4: mm. from the margin in the larger leaves; blades brown in dry-

722 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

ing, the upper surface dark, smooth, with some elevated glandular

dots, the lower surface reddish brown, thickly and prominently or

sparingly dark-dotted; inflorescence a stout axillary raceme (or 2

racemes superposed), 3-6 cm. long, the axis compressed, 2-2.5 mm.

wide below the first node; flowering nodes 4-5, the terminal flower

abortive; pedicels 5-7 mm. long (up to 14 mm. long in fruit); bracts

broadly ovate, pointed, persistent, 2 mm. long; bracteoles ovate,

joined and forming a cup-like involucre 1.5-2 mm. high and 4 mm.

long, enveloping the base of the glabrous, broadly cup-shaped hy-

panthium; calyx-lobes broadly rounded, 5 mm. wide, 4 mm. long,

minutely strigose on the inner surface; disk 4 mm. wide, glabrous;

style glabrous, 8 mm. long; petals obovate, 8 mm. long; stamens up

to about 9 mm. long, very numerous (250-300), the anthers 0.8 mm.

long; fruit globose, about 1.5 cm. in diameter. — Williams' no. 6894

is in bud only. It seems strange that this very distinctive species

has not been more adequately collected in such a relatively well-

botanized part of Peru, where the original collections were made by

Spruce a century ago. I know no species resembling it elsewhere in

the Amazon drainage, but it is morphologically very similar to

E. pustulescens McVaugh, from the coastal lowlands of northern

Ecuador. Univ. of Mich. Neg. 480.

San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4479, type; Spruce 4557; Mathews

1447. Juan Guerra, near Tarapoto, Williams 6894.

Eugenia prosoneura Berg, Linnaea 31 : 255. ?1862.

A shrub or tree up to 7-15 meters high, the branchlets, young

growth and inflorescence heavily pubescent with appressed silvery

white or pale yellowish or reddish straight or partly crisped hairs up

to 0.5 mm. long or a little more, the leaves glabrescent or hairs per-

sisting on the midvein above and short erect hairs sometimes occur-

ring in abundance on the lower surface; leaves oblong to elliptic,

3-8 cm. wide, 8-24 cm. long, 2.5-3 times as long as wide, narrowed

about equally to both ends, the tip blunt-pointed or short-acuminate,

the base rounded, its margins abruptly and shortly decurrent on the

flat summit of the stout dark petiole 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, 6-12 mm.

long; midvein flat above or narrowly channeled, prominent beneath;

lateral veins about 10 (-15) pairs, slightly elevated on both sides,

the marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched between

them, 3-6 (-12) mm. from the margin, a distinct but smaller sub-

marginal vein beyond it; leaves above dark green and smooth, the

lower surface paler and dull, both thickly beset with small elevated

glands when very young but these obscure in age; inflorescence an

FLORA OF PERU 723

abbreviated axillary raceme, the axis 2 mm. thick, up to 5 (rarely

to 20) mm. long, with up to 6 decussate and usually approximate

pairs of flowers on slender pedicels 0.5-1 mm. thick, 6-10 (-20) mm.

long; bracts glabrous, scarious and deciduous, suborbicular or a little

elongate, cucullate, 1.5-2 mm. wide and up to 2.5 mm. long; brac-

teoles subulate, deciduous at anthesis, hairy or sometimes glabres-

cent, 1.5-2.5 (-5) mm. long; buds 5-8 mm. long, the narrowly

campanulate hypanthium 2-3.5 mm. long, densely and closely white

hairy; calyx-lobes broadly rounded, ciliate, nearly glabrous inside

but with some appressed hairs, in unequal pairs, all about 3 mm.

wide, the larger ones 3.5-4.5 mm. long, the smaller 2-3.5 mm.; disk

2.5-3 mm. wide, concave, the broad staminal ring hairy, the center

glabrous or nearly so and convex; style above the convex base gla-

brous, (10-) 12-15 mm. long; stamens about 200, about as long as

the style, the anthers 0.7 mm. long; petals glabrous, obovate or

elliptic, 5-6 mm. wide, 9-12 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules

about 20 in each locule, radially affixed to a central placenta; fruit

not seen. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 481.

Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1190. Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia punicifolia (HBK.) DC. Prodr. 3: 267 (as punicaefolid) .

1828. Myrtus punicaefolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 149 (folio ed.

p. 118). 1823. M. oleaefolia HBK. I.e. 147 (folio ed. p. 117). E. ole-

aefolia (HBK.) DC. I.e. 270. E. coarensis DC. I.e. 267. E. dipoda

DC. I.e. 268. E. vaga Berg, Linnaea 27: 166. 1856. E. vaga a puni-

caefolia (HBK.) Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 238. 1857. E. vaga

8 brasiliensis Berg, in Mart. I.e.

A shrub, often 1-2 meters tall, or a small tree up to 5 meters,

nearly glabrous, the branchlets, bracts and vegetative buds, and

sometimes the young foliage, pubescent with erect or often appressed

lustrous rufous hairs up to 0.3 mm. long; leaves obovate, oblanceo-

late or elliptic, 1-3 cm. wide, 3-6 cm. long (or up to 9 cm. on shoots),

mostly 2-2.5 times as long as wide, the apex rounded, blunt, retuse

or less often broadly short-acuminate, the base cuneate, or subcune-

ate with the sides somewhat rounded, the margins usually thickened

and evidently involute, decurrent on the stout petiolar base which

is about 1 mm. thick, 2-5 mm. long; midvein prominent beneath,

flat or channeled above and often markedly pubescent; lateral veins

10-12 pairs, slightly raised and about equally apparent above and

below; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched between

them, proportionately far from the margin (1-2.5 mm.), and usually

with a second, more delicate and imperfectly developed vein parallel

724 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

to it and between it and the margin; glandular dots usually appar-

ent on both surfaces but not conspicuous on either; inflorescence

actually racemose (occasionally producing 4 flowers in 2 decussate

pairs), but the axis ordinarily not elongating, producing 2 flowers

only, one at each side of the axillary bud; pedicels slender, up to

about 0.5 mm. thick, 4-10 (-20) mm. long, erect in flower, spread-

ing or drooping in fruit; bract 1 at the base of each pedicel, closely

appressed-pubescent, oblong, 1-1.5 mm. long; bracteoles lanceolate,

about 1 mm. long, ciliate, persisting on the pedicel after the fruit

falls; calyx-lobes 4, rounded, concave, ciliate, reflexed after anthesis,

mostly incurved in fruit, 1.5-2 mm. wide and long, or up to 3 mm.

wide and 2.5 mm. long in fruit; disk flat, about 2 mm. wide, the

center glabrous, the staminal ring hispidulous; style about 5 mm.

long, glabrous; stamens 60-75, about as long as the style; anthers

1-1.2 mm. long; petals white, about 4-5 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid,

smooth, up to about 8 mm. thick, 13 mm. long, red or yellow accord-

ing to Amshoff.— F.M. Negs. 7940, 19926, 20015, 36900, 36902.

San Martin: Ricuricocha, Woytkowski (USM 15508). Tarapoto,

Williams 5428, 5797, 6295, 6508. San Roque, 1350-1500 meters,

Williams 7319. — Cajamarca: Ad ripam fluminis Maranon, Prov.

Jaen de Bracamoros, Bonpland, type of Myrtus oleaefolia. "Urcu-

Rupina" (Williams). West Indies; South America east of the Andes,

south to southern Brazil and southern Bolivia.

Eugenia uninervia Rusby, based on Bang's no. 1602, from Guanai,

Bolivia, is a species closely related to E. punicifolia but with the

leaves narrow and elongate, tapering to both ends, 1-2 cm. wide

and 5-8 cm. long, the lateral and marginal veins inconspicuous. So

far as known it has not been found in Peru.

Eugenia pustulescens McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 215. 1956.

Tree or shrub, the branchlets, inflorescence and young growth

more or less densely strigose with lustrous appressed reddish-brown

partly dibrachiate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, usually with numerous

shorter erect hairs intermixed; inflorescence branches, bracts, brac-

teoles and flowers bearing very many dark raised rounded glands;

leaves elliptic, 3-4 cm. wide, 7-9 cm. long, 2-2.7 times as long as

wide, the tips deflexed and short-acuminate, the base acute, the mar-

gins decurrent on the channeled petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, 3-6 mm.

long; midvein impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins

about 10 pairs, scarcely visible above, elevated but inconspicuous

beneath; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched be-

FLORA OF PERU 725

tween them, 1-4 mm. from margin; blades dull green above, rough

and much pitted with openings of varying sizes; lower surface paler,

dull, yellow-or reddish-brown, with hardly any glandular dots; in-

florescence an axillary raceme up to 6 cm. long, the peduncle to

1.5 cm. long, the flowers in 4-9 decussate pairs on pedicels 1 mm.

thick, 3 mm. long or less; bracts deltoid-ovate, acute, broad at base,

rounded on the back, 2 mm. long; bracteoles broadly rounded, 1-

1.5 mm. long, somewhat connate by the basal margins, forming an

involucre about 2.5 mm. long; buds 5 mm. long, obovate, the hypan-

thium broadly conic, 1.5-2 mm. long, closely strigose near base;

calyx-lobes broadly rounded or subtruncate, appressed-hairy inside,

unequal, the smaller 3 mm. wide, 1.7 mm. long, the larger 2.5-3.5

mm. wide, 2-2.5 mm. long; disk about 3.5 mm. wide, glabrous; style

5-6 mm. long; stamens about 100, about as long as the style, the

anthers about 0.7 mm. long; petals glabrous but ciliate, concave,

3-3.5 mm. wide, 4.5-5 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules about

12 in each locule, radiating from a short placenta affixed to the cen-

tral axis. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 461. This species, as far as definitely

known, is confined to the Pacific slope of northern Ecuador. A speci-

men at Geneva, from the Moricand herbarium, however, is labelled

"Eugenia sp. nova, Peru," and in another hand "Pavon." This

specimen is probably one of a considerable series which Moricand

received from Pavon in 1827, and which included plants from vari-

ous parts of America, collected in part by Pavon himself and in part

by others. The source of this particular specimen cannot now be

ascertained, but it seems probable from its morphology, from the

state of its preservation and from its degree of maturity that it forms

a part of an Ecuadorian collection which is attributed to Tafalla.

If so, the species may justifiably be excluded from the known flora

of Peru (see Fieldiana Bot. 29: 216. 1956).

Peru (reported). Coastal Ecuador.

Eugenia quadrijuga McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 216. 1956.

A shrub or tree up to 15 meters high, the branchlets, youngest

leaves and inflorescence more or less appressed-pubescent with small

sordid, partly flaccid and fusiform dibrachiate hairs about 0.2 mm.

long, or up to 0.5 mm. long especially near nodes and on buds; leaves

elliptic, 2-3 (-6) cm. wide, 7-9 (-11) cm. long, (2-) 2.3-3.5 times as

long as wide, bluntly and often obscurely acuminate, convexly acute

at base, the margins decurrent on the inner angles of the petiole 1-

1.5 mm. thick, 5-7 mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent

beneath; lateral veins about 10 pairs in addition to some intermedi-

726 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

ates, elevated a little on both sides, prominulous beneath; marginal

vein about equaling the laterals, arched between them, 2-4 (-8) mm.

from the margin, the submarginal vein present and conspicuous, but

weaker; blades dark green, smooth, and lustrous above, somewhat

roughened by the small elevated reticulate veins; lowe'r surface dull,

paler green; glandular dots almost wanting or (in Klug 3153} abun-

dant beneath; inflorescence an abbreviated axillary raceme (or 2-3

racemes from the same axil), the axis up to 2 mm. long, bearing 1-4

pairs of flowers on slender compressed pedicels 0.5-0.7 mm. wide,

4-10 mm. long; buds 4.5-5 mm. long, pyriform, the hypanthium

campanulate, glabrous, drying dark, 2 mm. long; bracts broadly

rounded, deciduous, less than 1 mm. long; bracteoles somewhat elon-

gate, ascending under the hypanthium, ciliate, not connate, 1.5 mm.

long and about 1 mm. wide, persistent; calyx-lobes rounded or longer

than wide, glabrous inside, ciliate, drying pale green, the smaller

2 mm. wide, 1.5 mm. long, the larger 2.5 mm. wide, 2.5-3 mm. long;

disk (1.5-) 2.5 mm. wide, the staminal ring hairy; style (6-) 7-8 mm.

long; stamens 60-75, about as long as the style, the anthers 0.6-

0.8 mm. long; fruit globose or pyriform, probably about 1 cm. in

diameter; ovary bilocular, with 15-20 ovules in each cell, radially

attached to the centrally affixed placenta. — Peruvian species related

to Eugenia schomburgkii and E. tapacumensis are poorly represented

in herbaria and are consequently difficult to interpret taxonomically.

This group may be characterized as those having small slender-

pedicellate glabrous flowers in axillary "glomerules" or "fascicles"

(actually very short racemes), nearly glabrous foliage, the midvein

impressed above, and the marginal vein relatively far from the mar-

gin with a distinct submarginal vein beyond it, the fruit globose and

1 cm. in diameter or less. The species include E. schomburgkii

Benth., E. tapacumensis Berg, E. maculata Berg, and two newly

proposed species, E. discreta and E. quadrijuga. A species of Ama-

zonian Brazil, E. agathopoda Diels, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48:

192. 1907, is similar but has larger flowers, longer racemes and longer

pedicels. Because of the small amount of material available for

study, no really workable key to these can be constructed. The

flowers of all the species are so similar that they provide no really

diagnostic characters, and the fruits are almost entirely unknown

from herbarium specimens. In the present treatment, Eugenia

schomburgkii includes chiefly glabrous or nearly glabrous plants with

lanceolate and long-pointed leaves very smooth on the upper sur-

face. E. maculata is distinguished from broad-leaved extremes of

E. schomburgkii (and from the other species here discussed) by its

FLORA OF PERU 727

raceme axis, which is up to 5 mm. long. Eugenia tapacumensis is a

plant with subcoriaceous, elliptic, bluntly pointed leaves and rather

fine inconspicuous veins. Eugenia discreta, known only from the

type, has mostly oblanceolate and rather large, reticulate-veined

leaves and sparse, appressed, dibrachiate hairs in the inflorescence.

The remaining species, E. quadrijuga, is described from four collec-

tions which may represent one species, or conceivably as many as

four. The collections agree very well in most characters but differ

in leaf-shape from long-elliptic (as in Ule 9661, which suggests

E. schomburgkii) to broadly elliptic (as in Klug 3158, which sug-

gests E. tapacumensis). The pubescence differs slightly in all the

cited collections, but the best distinguishing feature of the species

lies in the numerous bristly ascending short hairs of the pedicels.

Univ. of Mich. Neg. 456.

Loreto : Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, Klug

3153. — Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5415, 5594

(US, type). Seringal Sao Francisco, Ule 9661.

Eugenia quebradensis McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 217. 1956.

A tree or shrub, the inflorescence, young twigs and lower surface

of the young leaves tomentose with tough crisped sordid white or

brown hairs up to 0.7 mm. long (on buds and youngest branchlets

to 1 mm. long and straight); leaves rigidly coriaceous, lanceolate,

0.8-1.5 cm. wide, 5.5-7.5 cm. long, 5-6 times as long as wide, acute

at tip, rounded at base, the margins abruptly contracted to the very

stout petiole 1.5 mm. thick, 4 mm. long; mid vein impressed above,

elevated and prominent beneath; lateral veins 10-12 pairs sunken

in trough-like depressions on the upper surface (at least near the

midrib), prominent beneath; marginal vein about equaling the lat-

erals, and slightly or prominently arched between them, inconspic-

uous, less than 1 mm. from the strongly inrolled leaf-margin, which

is marked by a stout cartilaginous vein ; blades at maturity dull and

glabrous above, siliceous-verruculose beneath; glands small, appar-

ent in immature leaves only; flowers at leafless axils in sessile brac-

teate clusters of 4 (-6?) flowers each, the axis probably 4-angled,

1-2 mm. long; bracts lanceolate, 2 mm. long; bracteoles not seen;

hypanthium sessile, cup-shaped, narrowed to an acute base, 4-5 mm.

long and wide, with 4 strong wing-like angles extending from near

the base to just below the calyx-lobes; calyx-lobes broadly rounded,

glabrous near base within, in unequal imbricate pairs, the inner pair

thin-edged, 5-6 mm. wide, 3.5 mm. long, the outer pair 4 mm. wide,

3 mm. long; disk copiously short-hairy, 4-angled, about 6 mm. across,

728 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

the broad convex staminal ring 2 mm. wide; style glabrous, stout,

more than 5 (probably 10-15) mm. long; stamens about 300, 6

(-10?) mm. long; anthers broadly elliptic, 0.6 mm. long and about

as wide; petals not seen; ovary bilocular, the ovules about 15 in

each locule, descending, arising along a somewhat elongate slender

placenta attached near the top of the locule. — U. S. Nat. Mus.

Neg. 4466.

Lambayeque: Prov. Chiclayo, quebrada del Rio Sana, monte

seco, Dec., 1928, N. Esposto (USM, type).

Eugenia racemiflora Berg, Linnaea 27: 232. 1856. Psidium

emarginatum R. & P. Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 4: t. 419, ined. (?1802);

G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 833. 1832. P. emarginatum Ruiz, hb. flor.

Peruv. no. 152, ex Berg, I.e. 233. Not Eugenia? emarginata (HBK.)

DC., 1828.

Tree or shrub, the young branchlets and leaves and the inflores-

cence densely ferruginous- tomentose; leaves rigidly coriaceous, gla-

brous or nearly so at maturity, elliptic-ovate, 3-5.2 cm. wide, 5.5-7

cm. long, the tips rounded or retuse or very shortly and obtusely

acuminate, the base rounded or obtuse, the margins abruptly decur-

rent on the petiole 4-5 mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prom-

inent beneath; lateral veins about 6-8 pairs, slightly elevated but

inconspicuous above, not very prominent beneath, the marginal vein

about equaling the laterals and arched between them, 3-5 mm. from

margin; blades discolorous, darker and glabrous above, rusty-brown

and dark-dotted beneath; flowers solitary at the lowest 1-3 nodes of

new leafy shoots, or the inflorescence a stout raceme 2 cm. long, the

axis up to 2 mm. thick (including tomentum), bearing up to 4 decus-

sate pairs of flowers on pedicels up to 1.5 mm. thick, 7 mm. long;

bracts small, or sometimes foliaceous; bracteoles oblong, tomentose

on both sides, 2 mm. long; buds 6 mm. long, pyriform; hypanthium

campanulate, 2.5-3 mm. long; calyx-lobes unequal, broadly rounded

or obtusely pointed, tomentose on both sides, about 3 mm. long and

wide; disk hairy, about 4 mm. wide; style 8 mm. long or more,

red-hairy below the middle; petals obovate, hairy on the back, 8 mm.

long; stamens probably 150-200 or more, up to 10 mm. long; anthers

0.5 mm. long; ovary bilocular, many-ovulate. — Description compiled

from the original one by Berg, from a photograph (F.M. Neg. 29479)

of the Ruiz specimen of no. 152 at Madrid, and from a fragment of

this specimen (herb. F).

Junin: Vitoc ("Vitos"), Ruiz, type, in herb. Berol., not seen.

FLORA OF PERU 729

Eugenia riparia DC. Prodr. 3: 283. 1828. ?Eugenia rypdocarpa

Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 4: t. 416, ined. (71802). ?E. muri-

cata DC. I.e. ?E. verruculosa DC. I.e. 284. ?E. rutidocarpa R. & P.

ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 865. 1832. E. lugens Berg, Linnaea 27:

299. 1856. ?E, rugosa Ruiz ex Berg, I.e. 300. E. amazonica Berg,

in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 322. 1857. E. fenzliana Berg, in Mart.

I.e. 323. E. racemifera Berg, in Mart. I.e. 322. E. schlechtendaliana

Berg, in Mart. I.e. 321. E. calothyrsa Diels, Verb. Bot. Ver. Bran-

denb. 48: 189. 1907.

A tree up to 15 meters or more in height, the inflorescence and

young growth crowded with appressed-ascending, lustrous, often

flexuous yellowish tb gray or dark brown hairs up to more than

0.5 mm. long, some of the hairs dibrachiate; leaves mostly glabrous

above at maturity, more or less densely beset on the lower surface

with closely appressed dull colorless hairs 0.1-0.2 mm. long, some-

times with a few darker lustrous hairs intermixed; blades elliptic or

oblong-elliptic, rounded about equally to the acuminate tip and to

the base, (3-) 4-6 (-8.5) cm. wide, (8-) 12-17 (-21) cm. long, 2-3

(-3.5) times as long as wide, the margins decurrent on the stout

petiole up to 2 mm. thick, 6-9 (-12) mm. long; mid vein impressed

above, prominent beneath; principal lateral veins 15-20 pairs, slen-

der and not always clearly distinguished from the intermediate pairs,

not very conspicuous on either surface; upper surface dark when dry

and somewhat lustrous, usually impressed-puncticulate; lower sur-

face dull, drying pale or rusty brown, often gland-dotted when young

but the glands rarely apparent at maturity; inflorescence an axillary

raceme mostly 8-12 cm. long with 6-12 pairs of opposite (or sub-

opposite) and decussate flowers; axis of raceme often flattened and

1-2 mm. wide at the lowest nodes; lowermost node (in the axil of

the leaf) often bearing two short racemes in addition to the primary

one, and the upper nodes occasionally raceme-bearing or with 2 or 3

flowers in a cluster; pedicels up to 8-12 mm. long and 1 mm. thick,

the lower longer and often flexuous, the upper often much shorter

(2-4 mm. long) and stiffly spreading; bracts lanceolate, 1-2 mm.

long, usually deciduous before an thesis; bracteoles ovate, about 1.5

mm. wide and long, united at base into a persistent involucre-like

cup; buds about 4 mm. long; calyx-lobes 4, rounded, silky both sides,

2.5-3 mm. long and wide, spreading and somewhat reflexed after

anthesis; disk with depressed center, somewhat 4-angled, 2.5-3 mm.

wide, somewhat pubescent among the stamens, the center with a

few appressed yellowish hairs; style glabrous, 5-8 mm. long; stamens

730 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

more than 100, up to 10 mm. long; petals elliptic, 4-6 mm. long;

fruit subglobose or pear-shaped, about 1.5 cm. long. — The specific

limits of Eugenia riparia are poorly understood, and it is possible

that several species are involved instead of the one recognized here.

The oldest name for any species in this group is apparently E. poly-

stachya Rich. (Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 110. 1792); this particu-

lar plant was described from French Guiana, but may prove to be

identical with E. riparia, of which the type came from Brazilian

Amazonia.

Mature fruits, in the group which includes E. riparia and its

relatives, may be smooth or nearly so, as in E. schlechtendaliana;

they may have 8 longitudinal ridges, as in Ktflip and Smith's no.

29259; or they may be muricate or verruculose. Fruiting speci-

mens are rarely collected, and even more rarely are they identified

with flowering specimens from the same plant. On the basis of the

rather numerous flowering specimens that have been available for

study I have been quite unable to see any consistent indication that

more than a single species is represented. Fruiting specimens, more-

over, agree so well with flowering material, and with one another,

except in the characters of the fruit itself, that I venture to suggest

that the apparently diverse fruit types represent manifestations of

one and the same species. Much field study may be necessary to

resolve these problems.

The warty-fruited types all appear to belong to the same natural

population, which may or may not be specifically different from the

smooth-fruited one. The oldest names for warty-fruited species are

the doubtfully published E. rypdocarpa (71802) (which was properly

published, as E. rutidocarpa, in 1832), and E. muricata and E. ver-

ruculosa (both 1828). In E. verruculosa, a plant known only from

the type, the warty projections on the fruit are small and uniformly

distributed, about 10 per 4 square mm. In the other species men-

tioned, and also in E. rugosa, the fruit is more coarsely warty, with

projections which may be 1-2 mm. high and broad. If after further

taxonomic study it appears that more than a single species is repre-

sented in this complex, the correct name for the Peruvian species

with coarsely warty fruits would be E. muricata DC. unless it were

ultimately decided that E. rypdocarpa R. & P. should be considered

as validly published. The few known collections of E. muricata and

E. rugosa are cited below with those referred to E. riparia. These

are indistinguishable except by the muricate or non-muricate fruit.

The type collection of E. rugosa was originally referred by DeCan-

dolle to E. polystachya Rich.

FLORA OF PERU 731

Fruit is unknown in the other species which are here reduced to

synonymy, and E. riparia itself is known only from flowering speci-

mens. E. lugens, known only from the type, is a narrow-leaved

flowering specimen in which the pubescence is dark brown and the

lower surface of the leaves is rather thickly pubescent with pale

hairs and rather numerous darker hairs; E. amazonica was distin-

guished by Berg from all other species by the rather longer petioles

(up to 14 mm.) ; E. fenzliana, known only from the type, was dis-

tinguished by Berg chiefly because of the muticous outer calyx-lobes;

E. racemifera was said by Berg to differ from E. riparia in leaf-shape,

in the more dense indument and in the glabrous ovary; E. schlech-

tendaliana, according to Berg, was distinguished by the terminal

thyrse and the leaves bearing glandular dots on the lower surface;

E. calothyrsa was compared by Diels with E. riparia, but was said

to differ in having a longer inflorescence, shorter and stouter pedi-

cels, larger flowers and obtuse reniform bracts. The characters noted

by Berg appear to be of little taxonomic value in this group of species;

especially it may be noted that the "ovary" (that is, the depressed

area surrounding the base of the style), uniformly bears some hairs

but is glabrous in age, and does not vary as indicated by Berg.

The glandular dots by which E. schkchtendaliana was distinguished

may be seen on the lower surface of almost any immature leaf but

usually become less apparent or indistinguishable in mature leaves;

it may be noted in passing that in the type collection of E. schkch-

tendaliana the dots are most conspicuous in the youngest leaves.

F.M. Negs. 19968, 19991, 19998, 20017, 23511, 23517, 23583, 31569.

San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2627. Juanjui, Klug

3857. Chazuta, Klug 4131. In sylvis ad Huallaga, Poeppig 2395,

type of racemifera. Near Tarapoto, Williams 6792. San Roque,

Williams 7046. — Loreto: Santa Rosa, below Yurimaguas, Killip &

Smith 28955. Portal, lower Rio Huallaga, Killip & Smith 29259.

Mishuyacu, Klug 373. Balsapuerto, Klug 2994. Stromgebiet des

Ucayali von 10° S. bis zur Miindung, Tessmann 3118, 3122, 3301.

Iquitos to Pongo de Manseriche, Tessmann 4915. Pinto-Cocha,

Williams 805. La Victoria, Williams 2954. Santa Rosa, Williams

4883 (muricata). — Huanuco: Mufia, 4025 (muricata). Cerro San

Cristobal prope Cuchero, Poeppig 1355, type of lugens (herb. Wien).

—Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5273, 5408, 5592.

Seringal Sao Francisco, Ule 9655. — Madre de Dios: Iberia, Mira-

flores, Rio Tahuamanu, Seibert 2133. — Without locality, "Ruiz &

Pavon" 23/41, 23/42, probably type collection of E. rugosa (F).

732 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Amazonian Brazil and Colombia; Guianas. "Rupina" (Williams);

"Carapacho" (Poeppig).

Eugenia scalariformis McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 218. 1956.

A shrub or tree, the young leaves and twigs not seen, the mature

leaves with a few fusiform appressed dibrachiate hairs up to 0.3

mm. long, on the lower surface; inflorescence densely felted with

straight or crisped flaccid, pale brown, mostly dibrachiate hairs up

to 0.3 mm. long; leaves elliptic or oblanceolate, 7.5-8 cm. wide, 33-

35 cm. long, about 4 times as long as wide, acuminate at tip, nar-

rowed somewhat toward the base where abruptly contracted and

rounded-subauriculate, the basal margins somewhat prolonged and

produced above the surface where decurrent on the inner angles of

the stout petiole 4 mm. thick, 12-15 mm. long; midvein convex

above, 2 mm. wide near the base, prominent beneath; lateral veins

25-30 pairs, including some nearly equal intermediate ones, im-

pressed above, prominent beneath; marginal vein about equaling

the laterals, nearly straight between them, 2.5-3.5 mm. from the

margin, with a very slender submarginal vein beyond it; blades

nearly concolorous, yellow-green, smooth and lustrous and minutely

and obscurely impressed-puncticulate above; dull, sparingly pubes-

cent and finely dark-dotted beneath; inflorescence probably an axil-

lary cluster of a few pedicellate flowers on old wood; pedicels 15 mm.

long, compressed, 2 mm. wide; bracteoles probably deciduous after

anthesis, elliptic, about 5 mm. wide, 12 mm. long, appressed to the

narrowly elliptic 8-angled hypanthium 4 mm. thick, 10 mm. long;

buds probably about 2 cm. long; calyx-lobes imbricate, with thin

lateral margins, concave, suborbicular, the two sides similarly pubes-

cent; outer lobes often deciduous from the base after anthesis,

about 16 mm. wide, 8-10 mm. long; inner lobes 20 mm. wide, 15

mm. long; disk 10 mm. wide, glabrous, the concave center 4 mm.

wide; style glabrous, 2.5 cm. long; staminal ring very broad, the

stamens probably about 500, up to 2 cm. long, the linear anthers

1.5-1.8 mm. long; petals glabrous, 12-15 mm. wide, 25-32 mm. long;

ovary bilocular, thick- walled, the ovules about 40 in each locule,

attached to the central axis in a U-shaped group. — F.M. Neg. 23507.

Loreto : Stromgebiet des Maranon, Santiago Miindung am Pongo

de Manseriche, G. Tessmann Jt328 (G, type).

Eugenia schomburgkii Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 2: 321. 1840.

E. correae Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 277. 1857.

FLORA OF PERU 733

Large shrub, or tree up to 20 meters high, completely glabrous

except the ciliate bracts and bracteoles, petals and calyx-lobes, and

the finely ruf ous-hirsutulous staminal disk, or sometimes the branch-

lets and pedicels minutely prickly-hispidulous; leaves elliptic-lanceo-

late or elliptic-ovate, (2-) 3-5 (-6) cm. wide, (6-) 8-15 (-18) cm.

long, 2.5-3.5 times as long as wide, gradually or abruptly acuminate

at tip, rounded or subcuneate at base, the margins decurrent on the

stout petiole which is 1 mm. or more thick, (4-) 6-8 mm. long, often

transversely rimose in age; mid vein sulcate or impressed above,

prominent beneath; lateral veins 12-15 pairs, inconspicuous, some-

what raised beneath, the marginal vein moderately to strongly

arched between the laterals and about equaling them, 2-4 mm. from

the margin and with a second, weaker but evident submarginal vein;

leaves drying green, the veins often reddish, the upper surface darker,

smooth and lustrous, the glands scarcely apparent; lower surface

dull, paler, often somewhat prominently gland-dotted; inflorescence

an axillary raceme or sometimes 2 superposed racemes, the axis very

short (1.5-2.5 mm.) and the 2-4 decussate pairs of flowers appearing

glomerate; bracts rounded, persistent, about 1.5 mm. long and broad;

pedicels relatively short and stout, compressed, (2-) 4-9 mm. long,

0.5 mm. thick (up to 1 mm. thick in fruit); bracteoles ovate, acute,

persistent, 0.7-1 mm. long; hypanthium ellipsoid or obovoid, 1-1.5

mm. long, the calyx-lobes unequal, the larger broadly rounded or

bluntly triangular, glabrous inside, 1.8-2.5 mm. long; disk about

2.5 mm. wide, the center flat, glabrous; style 7-10 mm. long; sta-

mens 60-775, about as long as the style; anthers 0.7 mm. long; petals

orbicular or obovate, 5-7 mm. long; fruit globose or broadly ellip-

soid, black at maturity, 1 cm. in diameter or up to 12-15 mm. thick

and 15-19 mm. long, the calyx-lobes subpersistent; seed 1. — The

type of Eugenia correae seems certainly conspecific with that of

E. schomburgkii, which is a relatively homogeneous species of the

Amazonian and Venezuelan lowlands. The type of E. correae, how-

ever, has the pedicels distinctly although minutely spinulose-hispid-

ulous, whereas most specimens from Venezuela and the Guianas are

very sparingly pubescent to almost completely glabrous. F.M. Negs.

19929, 23588.

Loreto: Timbuchi, Williams 988. Manfinfa, Williams 1112.

Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan, Schunke 113. — Rio Acre: Near mouth

of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5415. "Lancha Caspi" (Williams).

Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil to the Guianas.

The type of Eugenia maculata Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1:

297. 1857, is Poeppig's no. 2409, from Yurimaguas, Peru. This is a

734 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

plant bearing immature fruit; except that the racemes are up to

5 mm. long, with up to 8 pairs of flowers, I cannot distinguish this

specimen from some of the broad-leaved plants referred above to

E. schomburgkii, e.g. Schunke's no. 113. E. maculata also resembles

E. egensis, from which it may be distinguished by the impressed

midvein and the relatively few glands on the lower leaf-surface.

Krukoff's no. 6346, from the basin of the Rio Madeira, near Tres

Casas, Amazonas, Brazil, is also E. maculata, or near it. F.M.

Neg. 23559.

Eugenia schunkei McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 218. 1956.

A tree 5 meters high, glabrous except the red-strigose vegetative

buds, the minutely ciliate bracteoles and calyx-lobes, and the spar-

ingly hairy disk; leaves (those on short lateral branches not seen)

on vigorous leading branchlets oblong-lanceolate, 5-6.5 cm. wide,

14-23 cm. long, (2.5-) 3.5 times as long as wide, slenderly acuminate,

narrowly rounded at base, short-decurrent on the inner angles of the

dark petiole 2 mm. thick, 10-12 mm. long; midvein plane and some-

what impressed above, usually with a narrow elevated median ridge,

prominent beneath; lateral veins about 10 pairs, elevated both sides,

diminishing distally and passing irregularly into the next succeeding

ones, only in the apical third of the blade forming a marginal vein

3-6 mm. from the margin; blades olive green or dark, and very

smooth but scarcely lustrous above, with no glands apparent at

maturity; lower surface purplish red, smooth, dark-dotted, the small

veins scarcely apparent; inflorescence axillary on old wood, an abbre-

viated raceme, or often several together on short spurlike excres-

cences, the axis up to 2 mm. thick and 5 mm. long, with up to 5-6

approximate decussate pairs of flowers on pedicels 1 mm. thick and

5-7 mm. long, the whole drying black; bracts not seen, probably

small; bracteoles ovate, not connate, 1-2.5 mm. long, persistent;

buds pyriform, 12-15 mm. long; hypanthium obconic, 5 mm. long;

calyx-lobes oblong, hooded and thickened near tips, 5 mm. wide,

8-10 mm. long, rounded at the free apex about 2 mm. long, imbri-

cate to near base and connate submarginally, ultimately spreading,

the inner ones minutely ciliate on the scarious apical margins and

at the free tips; disk 4 mm. wide, the glabrous center raised in an

annular thickening about the style-base; style 12 mm. long; stamens

about as long as the style, 300 or more, the anthers linear, 1.5 mm.

long, erect in the bud, the filaments replicate; petals ovate, 10 mm.

wide, 15 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules about 12 in each

FLORA OF PERU 735

locule, radially attached to a short placenta on the central axis;

fruit not seen. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 450.

Loreto: Rio Mazan, Quebrada Luiio, alt. 110 meters, on river

bank, Feb., 1935, Jos6 M. Schunke 184 (US, type).

Eugenia spruceana Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 1: 257. 1857.

A shrub or small tree to 6 meters high, the vegetative buds, peti-

oles and branchlets (sparingly or densely) and the inflorescence

(sparingly or not at all) strigose with straight white hairs 0.5-0.8

mm. long; leaves oblong, 4-7 cm. wide, 12-18 cm. long, 2.4-3 times

as long as wide, nearly equally narrowed to both ends, gradually

acuminate at the apex, rounded to the base, the margins abruptly

decurrent on the petiole 1.2-2 mm. thick, 6-10 mm. long; petiole

stout, dark, irregularly and spirally longitudinally furrowed, and

transversely wrinkled, heavily strigose; midvein impressed above,

prominent beneath; lateral veins 10-15 pairs, obscure but slightly

elevated on both sides; marginal vein about as prominent as the

laterals, somewhat arched between them, 2-3 mm. from the margin;

blades smooth, dark and polished above, the lower surface dull and

yellowish- or grayish-brown, somewhat strigose, waxy-papillose;

glands not apparent on either surface; inflorescence an abbreviated

axillary raceme, the axis up to 2 mm. long, bearing usually 2 approx-

imate decussate pairs of flowers on pedicels 0.5-0.8 mm. thick, 5-10

mm. long; bracts ovate or lanceolate, 1 mm. long; bracteoles similar,

1-1.5 mm. long, persistent, not connate; buds 7-10 mm. long, pyri-

form, the hypanthium 4 mm. long, campanulate, usually thinly stri-

gose; calyx-lobes suborbicular, chartaceous, concave, finely ciliate,

glabrous inside, very unequal; outer pair about 4 mm. long and wide,

connate along the margins about a third their length with the inner

pair, which are thin-margined laterally, 8 mm. wide, 5 mm. long;

disk about 4 mm. wide, the glabrous center 2 mm. wide; style 12

mm. long; stamens about as long as the style, 200-250, at least the

inner incurved in bud, the anthers up to 2 mm. long, linear; petals

concave, minutely ciliate, suborbicular, about 10 mm. long; ovary

bilocular, the ovules about 15 in each locule, radiating from a short

centrally affixed placenta. — F.M. Neg. 20004.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia stipitata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 219. 1956.

A small or large tree, hispidulous with stiff erect sharp yellowish -

gray hairs, these particularly dense on the hypanthium and fruit,

736 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

and uniformly and thickly distributed on the branchlets and inflo-

rescence; leaves short-petioled, the margins scarcely decurrent, the

petioles not channeled ventrally but flat, the midvein flat at the base

of the blade, channeled distally; lateral veins 6-10 pairs, widely

spaced, relatively obscure above and raised and conspicuous be-

neath, not forming a marginal vein but each curving and forming a

high arch between it and the next, the arches often as high as the

distance between the veins; inflorescence racemose, axillary, usually

an axis 1-1.5 mm. in diameter, 4-10 mm. long, with 3-5 decussate

pairs of long-pedicelled flowers, the terminal flower wanting; axis

sometimes elongate and leafy, floriferous at 1-2 lower nodes only,

or each pedicel cymosely 3-flowered and the lateral secondary pedi-

cels up to 8-10 mm. long; bracts 1-3 mm. long, linear; primary

pedicels 10-20 mm. long, longitudinally several-striate and sharp-

angled, the bracteoles linear, 1-2 mm. long, standing well below the

terminal flower (whether on 1-flowered or 3-flowered pedicels); hy-

panthium obconic; disk somewhat quadrangular, hairy; calyx-lobes

rounded, broader than long, strongly overlapping in bud, reflexed

in anthesis, appressed-pubescent within; petals white, obovate, cili-

ate; ovary (3-) 4-locular, the ovules anatropous, 5-8 in each locule,

slender-stalked, projecting horizontally from a short placenta above

the middle of the central axis, aligned in two vertical rows with the

micropyle turned outward. — This species occurs in two well-marked

races, either one of which would probably be described as an inde-

pendent species if it were found geographically isolated. These

races, described below as subspecies, are readily distinguished by the

characters given in the key, but they have so many qualitative char-

acters in common that they seem surely conspecific. The generic

position of Eugenia stipitata is by no means clear. The usually 4-

locular ovary, the alignment of the ovules, the rather numerous

seeds, and the method of branching of the inflorescence — all these

suggest the subtribe Pimentinae. The structure of the seed, how-

ever, as far as I have been able to observe, is eugenioid.

1. Eugenia stipitata McVaugh, subsp. stipitata.

A tree up to 12-15 meters high, markedly hispidulous, the hairs

of the lower leaf-surface uniformly and thickly distributed on veins

and parenchyma, up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves ovate or broadly ellip-

tic, (3.5-) 5-6 (-9.5) cm. wide, 8-13 (-18) cm. long, 1.8-2.3 times as

long as wide, acuminate, rounded and often subcordate at base;

petiole about 3 mm. long; lateral veins impressed above, diminish-

ing distally, recurving at a point 2-5 mm. from the margin, and join-

FLORA OF PERU 737

ing the next vein at a point up to 10 (-25) mm. from the margin;

glands obscure on both surfaces; bracteoles often at middle of pedicel

or below; disk 4 mm. wide; style glabrous, 7-8.5 mm. long; calyx-

lobes 4-6 mm. wide, 4-5 mm. long; petals 4 mm. wide, 10 mm. long;

fruit unknown. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 464.

Loreto: San Antonio, on Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29469;

Williams 3397. Mishuyacu, King 788 (F, type). La Victoria,

Williams 2787. "Pichi" (Williams). Amazonian Brazil.

2. Eugenia stipitata subsp. sororia McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot.

29:219. 1956.

A shrub or small tree up to 3 meters high, finely hispidulous on

the branchlets and inflorescence with hairs up to 0.3 mm. long, the

leaves often glabrous beneath at maturity, hispidulous on the veins,

or minutely and uniformly beset with hairs hardly more than 0.1 mm.

long; leaves elliptic, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, (6.5-) 9-13 cm. long, 2.2-3.3

times as long as wide, acuminate and sometimes acute and falcate

at the tip, cuneately narrowed below the middle or sometimes

broadly rounded, then often abruptly and unequally rounded into

the petiole at the very base; petiole 3^4 mm. long; lateral veins not

impressed above, scarcely evident, little diminished distally but re-

curving rather uniformly from a point 2-4 mm. from the margin to

join the next vein up to 10 mm. from the margin; leaves sparingly

or not at all dark-dotted above, sparingly dotted beneath; bracteoles

mostly 3-5 mm. below the flower; disk 3 mm. across; style 5-6.5 mm.

long, hairy near the base; calyx-lobes 3 mm. wide, 2.5-3.5 mm. long;

petals 4 mm. wide, 7 mm. long; stamens about 75, 6 mm. long, the

anthers 0.6 mm. long; fruit oblate, about 1.5 cm. across, velutinous,

the seeds about 6-15, kidney-shaped, 3-7 mm. long, the cotyledons

and embryo completely united except that the cotyledons are dis-

tinct for a short distance at the chalazal end. — Univ. of Mich.

Neg. 474.

San Martin: Juanjui, alto Rio Huallaga, alt. 400 meters, forest,

King 3834 (type, GH). Tarapoto, Williams 5486, 5667. Amazo-

nian Bolivia to Colombia (Villavicencio) . "Rupina caspi" (Williams).

Eugenia subterminalis DC. Prodr. 3: 263. 1828.

Shrub or tree up to 10 meters high, finely pubescent on the

branchlets, inflorescence axis, petiole, midvein on upper surface of

leaf, and leaf-margins, with minute pale or reddish sharp-pointed,

738 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

mostly erect hairs about 0.1 mm. long, these intermixed on the

vegetative buds and leaf-bases with longer, somewhat appressed

hairs up to 0.4 mm. long; leaves lance-ovate or occasionally elliptic,

1-2 (-2.7) cm. wide, 3-5 (-7) cm. long, 2.25-3.3 (-4) times as long

as wide, gradually acuminate at tip, rounded to subcuneate at base,

the margins decurrent on the stout channeled petiole up to 0.7 mm.

thick, 1.5-2.5 mm. long; midvein more prominently raised above

than beneath, elevated above in a nearly flat-topped pubescent

ridge, somewhat raised beneath; lateral veins 8-12 pairs, obscure,

with numerous parallel intermediates, all somewhat elevated on both

sides when dry; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched

between them, up to 1 mm. from margin (to 3.5 mm. in the largest

leaves); leaves smooth, green or dark above when dry, the lower

surface pale brown or coppery, the glands few and scarcely evident

on either side even in young leaves; flowers solitary, opposite, from

the 3-5 nodes at the base of new leafy shoots, or the shoots abortive

and the raceme axis 2-3 mm. long with 3-5 decussate pairs of flowers;

base of leafy shoot, or raceme axis, with scarcely imbricate, 4-ranked,

dark-scarious deciduous ciliate bracts, the basal shortest, those sub-

tending the flowers lanceolate to ovate, acute, 1-3.5 mm. long; pedi-

cels filiform (up to 0.8 mm. thick in fruit, much more slender in

flower), (6-) 15-30 mm. long, glabrous or slightly pubescent; brac-

teoles acute, ciliate, lanceolate, persistent, 1 mm. long or less; buds

(immature) surrounded by the calyx-lobes, glabrous, about 4 mm.

long; calyx-lobes reflexed at anthesis, glabrous both sides, ciliate,

triangular-oblong or rounded at apex, 2-2.5 mm. wide, 3-3.5 mm.

long; disk somewhat quadrangular, 2.5 mm. wide; flowers said to be

white, not seen; stamens about 100; fruit probably globose or pyri-

form, seen immature (then 5-8 mm. long), with prominent calyx-

lobes. — Killip & Smith's no. 29324 was compared directly with the

type of Eugenia subterminalis, in Munich, in 1954, and seemed un-

questionably to belong to the same species. There is some doubt as

to the propriety of identifying a Peruvian species with DeCandolle's

plant, because of the uncertainty about the source of the latter.

The type of E. subterminalis, as noted on the specimen at Munich,

was found by DeCandolle in the herbarium of Martius, mixed with

the material of "Myrtus modesta Mart." (Eugenia modesta DC.).

The type locality of both species is given by DeCandolle as "in

Brazilia ad flum. Ilheos" (that is, near the Atlantic coast, in the

State of Bahia), but no locality is noted on the type specimen of

E. subterminalis, and it is of course possible that it came originally

from somewhere on the upper Amazon. F.M. Neg. 20009.

FLORA OF PERU 739

San Martin: Quebrada Chambira cerca a Juanjui, Ferreyra 4567.

— Loreto: San Antonio, on Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29324; Wil-

liams 3499. Yurimaguas, Williams 5311. ? Amazonian Brazil.

Eugenia tapacumensis Berg, Linnaea 27: 222. 1856.

A small tree, up to 10 meters high, nearly glabrous, the pedicels

and hypanthium often minutely pubescent with pale erect hairs;

leaves elliptic, (2-) 3.5-6 cm. wide, (4.5-) 9-14 cm. long, 2-2.5 times

as long as wide, blunt-pointed or broadly and obscurely acuminate,

rounded toward the base, the margins cuneate at the very base and

decurrent on the petiole 1-1.5 mm. thick, (3-) 5-10 mm. long; mid-

vein impressed or broadly sulcate above, prominent beneath, the

lateral veins about 15 pairs, with about as many small intermediate

veins, slender, slightly elevated on both sides when dry, the marginal

vein about equaling the laterals, slightly and somewhat irregularly

arched between them, 1.5-3 mm. from the margin, and with a

smaller exterior submarginal -vein; leaves drying green or brown,

nearly concolorous, the upper surface lustrous and nearly eglandu-

lar, the lower dull and usually minutely gland-dotted; flowers often

on old wood; inflorescence a very short axillary raceme, the axis 2.5

mm. long or less, with up to 5 decussate pairs of flowers, on pedicels

up to 0.7 mm. thick, 5-6 mm. long, the number of flowers actually

produced usually 2-4; bracts broadly rounded, deciduous, 1.5 mm.

wide and 1 mm. long; bracteoles 1.3-1.5 mm. long, persistent, some-

what fused at the basal margins, ovate, acute or rounded at the tip;

disk 2.5 mm. across; mature buds 4.5-5.5 mm. long, the rounded

dome of the petals 2.5-4 mm. in diameter, much exceeding the

broadly rounded calyx-lobes which are 1.7-2 mm. wide, 1-1.3 mm.

high; style 6.5-8 mm. long; stamens 150-175, shorter than the style;

anthers 0.8 mm. long; petals obovate to suborbicular, gland-dotted,

4.5-6 mm. long; fruit subglobose, about 1 cm. in diameter. — This

species belongs to a group which ranges from the West Indies

through most of tropical South America east of the Andes. It was

first reported from Peru by Amshoff (Rec. trav. bot. ne"erl. 39: 164.

1942), on the basis of Klug's collection cited below. This collection

agrees well with material of the same species from Venezuela and

the Guianas, but Williams' no. 6527, also cited below, is more gland-

ular than the average for the species. The group as a whole should

be revised as soon as there is sufficient material of the several de-

scribed glabrous species having small and few flowers in axillary

clusters, and blunt elliptic leaves with the midvein somewhat im-

pressed. F.M. Neg. 31621.

740 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6527. — Loreto: Juanjui, Klug

4271 . Amazonian Brazil, to Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and

the Lesser Antilles.

Eugenia tenuimarginata McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 220.

1956.

Tree or shrub, the new growth not seen, the mature foliage and

branchlets glabrous, the inflorescence minutely appressed-pubescent

with glistening brown hairs 0.1-0.2 mm. long; leaves elliptic to ellip-

tic-ovate or -obovate, 5.5-8 cm. wide, 10-14 cm. long, about twice

as long as wide, the tips decurved and bluntly acuminate, the base

convexly acute, the margins decurrent on the channeled petiole 1.5

mm. thick, 15 mm. long; mid vein impressed above, prominent be-

neath; lateral veins 6-8 pairs in addition to some intermediates,

slightly raised above, prominent beneath; marginal vein (above the

middle of the blade) about equaling the laterals and arched between

them, 6-10 mm. from the margin, the lowest lateral veins diminish-

ing distally and not forming a marginal line but recurving to join

the next succeeding ones; blades on the upper surface pale green,

papillose-roughened, with no glandular dots apparent; lower surface

purplish green, dull, siliceous-papillose; inflorescence an abbreviated

axillary raceme, the axis almost none, bearing 1-2 approximate de-

cussate pairs of flowers on compressed pedicels 1 mm. thick, 5-8 mm.

long; bracts small, chartaceous, deciduous; bracteoles ovate, blunt-

tipped, the basal margins united 0.5 mm. forming a laterally notched

boat-shaped involucre 4 mm. long; buds 8-9 mm. long, pyriform, the

hypanthium rather densely strigose, 3 mm. long, distally campanu-

late, attenuate at base; calyx-lobes with thin, hyaline fragile mar-

gins, broadly rounded, glabrous within, unequal, the outer notably

shorter, 4-6 mm. wide, 4^4.5 mm. long, the inner 5-8 mm. long and

wide; disk about 6 mm. wide; style 9-10 mm. long; stamens about

250, up to 8 mm. long, the anthers 1-1.2 mm. long; petals concave,

suborbicular, ciliate, 8-10 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the ovules

about 20 in each locule, radiating from a short placenta affixed to

the central axis. — Univ. of Mich. Neg. 437.

Loreto: Mouth of the Rio Santiago, on high land, G. Tessmann

4213, in "1924" (G, type).

Eugenia tetrasticha Poepp. ex Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14,

pt. 1:324. 1857.

A shrub or small tree, short-hispidulous on the branchlets, inflo-

rescence and lower leaf-surface with uniformly distributed erect

FLORA OF PERU 741

sharp brownish-yellow hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves broadly

elliptic to obovate, markedly bullate, 5-10 cm. wide, 10-20 cm. long,

1.7-2.2 times as long as wide, short-acuminate, rounded or gradu-

ally narrowed to the base, the margins very shortly decurrent on

the very stout petiole 3-6 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. thick; mid vein flat

above, but like the other principal veins much depressed beneath

the general surface of the blade and prominent beneath; lateral veins

about 15 pairs; marginal vein about equaling the laterals and arched

between them, 3-5 mm. from the margin; upper surface of blade

dark green in drying, glabrous or nearly so, lustrous; lower surface

dull, greenish-brown, marked with the somewhat contrasting dark

coppery-brown veins; glands scarcely apparent on either surface;

inflorescence a contracted axillary raceme (or 2-3 racemes super-

posed), the axis quadrangular, (3-) 10-18 mm. long, 1-2 mm. thick

at the base, with up to 8-13 approximate, decussate pairs of flowers

subtended by persistent, strigose, round or ovate bracts 1-1.3 mm.

long; pedicels divaricate, 0.5 mm. thick, 5-14 mm. long; bracteoles

ovate, 1.5 mm. long, acute, ciliate but otherwise nearly glabrous,

the basal margins connate; disk about 2 mm. wide, glabrous; calyx-

lobes broadly rounded, about 1.5 mm. wide, 1-1.5 mm. long, ciliate

but otherwise glabrous; fruit ellipsoid, 5-6 mm. wide, 6.5-8 mm.

long. — A most distinctive species, known only from the type local-

ity and vicinity, and collected in mature or nearly mature fruit only.

F.M. Neg. 31622.

Loreto: Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 27938; Poeppig 2139

[= Addenda 53], type; Williams 3848, 4240, 4709. "Rupina"

(Williams).

Eugenia tumulescens McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 221. 1956.

A mound-forming shrub 70 cm. high, the bark of leafy twigs

flaking off in thin dark red plates, the inflorescence thinly tomentose

with crisp brownish-white hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves elliptic

or oblong, (4.5-) 6-8 cm. wide, (10-) 20-38 cm. long, (2.5-) 3-5

times as long as wide, abruptly or gradually acuminate at tip, grad-

ually or somewhat abruptly rounded at base, the margins passing

abruptly into the much-thickened and corky-roughened exfoliating

reddish petiole 3-4 mm. thick, 10-18 mm. long; midvein promi-

nently convex on both surfaces (hardly less prominent above than

beneath) ; lateral veins 20-30 pairs, convex above but the leaf-surface

sulcate, prominent beneath; marginal vein about equaling the lat-

erals, 3-5 mm. from the margin, slightly arched between the laterals

but forming a definite vein, separated from the margin by a second

742 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

and indistinct vein; blades olive-green in drying, smooth and lus-

trous above, dull beneath, with prominent biconvex glands 0.3 mm.

wide, 1-3 mm. apart, on both surfaces; inflorescence an axillary

cluster of 6-8 flowers, probably opposite in decussate pairs but the

axis very short; pedicels somewhat compressed, 1 mm. wide, 8-10

mm. long; bracts inconspicuous; bracteoles persistent through an-

thesis, spreading, 3 mm. wide at base, 4-5 mm. long; hypanthium

sessile, cup-shaped, rounded at base, 3 mm. wide and long, obtusely

8-ridged, abruptly expanded into the gamosepalous base of the calyx,

which is 1 mm. long, 4.5-5 mm. wide; calyx-lobes oblong, erect in

anthesis, 4-5.5 mm. wide, 6-8 mm. long, round-tipped, glabrous in-

side; disk 3.5-^4 mm. wide; style 10-12 mm. long, glabrous; stamens

250-300, the filaments 8-10 mm. long, the anthers lanceolate, slen-

derly apiculate, 2.4-2.6 mm. long; petals white, obovate, cucullate,

glabrous, ciliate, 7 mm. wide, 13 mm. long; ovary bilocular, the

ovules about 10 per locule, radiating from a short placenta attached

to the central axis; immature fruit long-ovoid; fruit "amarelo sal-

mon" (Froes).

Peru (possibly). Amazonian Brazil (lower Rio Negro).

Eugenia ulei (Diels) McVaugh, comb. nov. Psidium ulei Diels,

Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 187. 1907.

A shrub or tree with compressed branchlets, in age nearly gla-

brous, but the inflorescence in anthesis, and the young shoots and

leaves, sparingly to densely strigose to tomentellous with appressed

pale or reddish white, at least in part sessile, fusiform and dibrachi-

ate hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaves elliptic to ovate or obovate,

4.5-5 cm. wide, 8-11 cm. long, about twice as long as wide, usually

about equally narrowed to both ends, the tip acute to deltoid-acumi-

nate, the base acute, the margins cuneate-decurrent on the thin-edged

pubescent petiole 1 mm. thick, 5-7 mm. long; mid vein impressed

above, prominent beneath; lateral veins about 10-12 pairs, visible

as fine lines on both sides, more conspicuous beneath; marginal vein

about equaling the laterals and arched between them, 1.5-2.5 mm.

from the margin; leaves nearly concolorous, somewhat darker and

more lustrous above, with small glandular dots apparent on both

surfaces; inflorescence an axillary or falsely terminal raceme up to

4.5 cm. long, with at least two decussate pairs of flowers on pedicels

1 cm. long; axis of the raceme about 1.3-2 mm. thick below the low-

est node; bracts deciduous or sometimes persistent, paired, forming

a boat-shaped involucre 9 mm. long; bracteoles ("prophylla") accord-

ing to Diels 3-4 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, glabrous within, probably

FLORA OF PERU 743

deciduous after anthesis; calyx-lobes 4, triangular-ovate, 8-9 mm.

long, 5-6 mm. wide at base, tomentulose without, appressed-pubes-

cent within; disk probably 5-6 mm. wide, glabrous ("glabrescens,"

according to Diels) ; style 7-?8.5 mm. long; stamens numerous, about

as long as the style; petals white (Ule), obovate, sparsely hairy, 4r-5

mm. wide, 8-10 mm. long; ovary, according to Diels, bilocular. —

F.M. Neg. 23500.

San Martin: Tarapoto, prope Fuan-Guerra [Juan Guerra], Dec.,

1902, Ule 6645 (type, in herb. Berol., not seen, probably destroyed;

G; fragm., F).

The photograph of the isotype at Geneva (F.M. Neg. 23500)

shows clearly the racemose nature of the inflorescence in this speci-

men. On the basis of this feature alone one might justify the transfer

of Diels' Psidium ulei to Eugenia. The photograph also shows the

presence of a tiny capitate stigma and paired boat-shaped bracts,

both of which are commonly found in Eugenia but not in Psidium.

The broad rounded bracteoles are to be expected in this group of

Eugenia, but not in Psidium. The presence of 4 calyx-lobes and a

bilocular ovary are to be expected in Eugenia, but not in Psidium.

Finally, the whole aspect of the type, as indicated by the photo-

graph, is strikingly like that of other racemosely flowered species of

Eugenia, e.g. E. riparia.

Eugenia versicolor McVaugh, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 223. 1956.

A tree to 15 meters high, the branchlets and inflorescence densely

puberulent with short crisped pale reddish hairs; leaves elliptic, (2.5-)

3.5-^4.5 cm. wide, 6-13 cm. long, about 2-3 times as long as wide,

acuminate at tip, acute to rounded at base, the margins passing into

the flat ventral surface of the slender flexuous petiole which is up to

1 mm. thick and 8 mm. long; mid vein sulcate or nearly flat above,

prominent beneath; lateral veins 6-10 pairs, slightly convex on both

surfaces and a little more prominent beneath, scarcely forming a

marginal vein but diminishing distally and forming a series of loops

3-6 mm. from the margin; leaves smooth and lustrous and probably

dark green above, rusty- or ashy-brown beneath, the lower surface

obscured by very numerous tiny glistening hairs; glands scarcely

apparent in mature leaves; inflorescence borne with new leaves on

slender branchlets 2-3 mm. thick; racemes much abbreviated, the

axis almost undeveloped, bearing 1-3 pairs of approximate decussate

flowers (the 4-12 flowers at each node forming an umbelliform clus-

ter) on slender pedicels 0.5 mm. thick, 3-6 mm. long; bracts broadly

744 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

ovate, less than 1 mm. long; bracteoles rounded, 1-2 mm. wide, con-

nate into a persistent involucre 2-2.7 mm. long; buds 4.5-6 mm.

long, globose above the cup-shaped hypanthium 2-2.5 mm. long;

calyx-lobes broadly rounded, in unequal pairs, appressed-hairy with-

in, 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, 1.5-2 mm. long; disk hairy, 2-2.5 mm. wide;

style 7-9 mm. long; stamens about 200, shorter than the style; an-

thers about 0.5 mm. long; petals rotund, about 6 mm. long and wide,

ciliate but otherwise nearly glabrous, gland-dotted; ovary bilocular,

the ovules 15-20 in each locule, radiating from a centrally affixed

placenta. — Known from two recent collections not far from the

Peruvian boundaries: Brazil, Amazonas, Mun. Sao Paulo de Oli-

venca, Krukoff 8910; Colombia, Amazonas, trapecio amazonico,

Loretoyacu River, Schultes 6959, type.

Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil and Colombia.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Eugenia conglobata [Sesse" & Mocino]. A specimen at G, from

the Moricand herbarium, received by Moricand from Pavon in 1827,

is labeled "Eugenia conglobata sp. nova Peru," and in another hand,

"Pavon." The plant is precisely the same as the specimens of Eu-

genia conglobata Sesse" & Mocino (PI. Nov. Hisp. 77. ed. 2, 1893),

from Acahuizotla, Mexico (nos. 2055 and 2107, in the duplicates of

Sesse" & Mocino at F). The Mexican specimens have been identified

by Standley as Eugenia origanoides Berg. Numerous other dupli-

cates from the collections of Sesse* and Mocino are present in the

Geneva herbarium, and it seems apparent that the name of Pavon

and locality "Peru" were mistakenly added to the present specimen

at some time after its receipt by Moricand.

Eugenia guayaquilensis (HBK.) DC. Prodr. 3: 275. 1828. Myrtus

guayaquilensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 147. (folio ed. p. 117). 1823.

Berg (Linnaea 27: 190. 1856) cited a Peruvian example of this spe-

cies, collected by Ruiz and deposited in the Berlin herbarium. As

far as I am aware E. guayaquilensis is extremely local in distribution,

having been collected only in the vicinity of Guayaquil, near the

coast of Ecuador. If the specimen which Berg saw was correctly

identified, it probably did not originate in Peru.

Eugenia ligustrina (Sw.) Willd. A widespread species, occurring

from the Greater Antilles to eastern and southern Brazil. It is easily

recognized by its small lustrous glabrous obovate leaves 3-5 cm.

long, and by the 4-ranked imbricated scarious bracts which surround

FLORA OF PERU 745

the base of the young shoots. The flowers are solitary, on long slen-

der pedicels, from leafless nodes but subtended by linear scarious

bracts up to 1.5 mm. wide, 8 mm. long. This is a member of the

group segregated by Berg as a genus, Stenocalyx. Other representa-

tives of this genus occur in Amazonian Brazil and in the lowlands of

northern Bolivia. A specimen of E. ligustrina from the herbarium

of Moricand (G) is labeled "Myrtus bracteiflora," the collector is

given as Pavon, and the locality is given as "Peru." The plant is

an exact match for the type collection of Myrtus bracteiflora Sess4 &

Mocifio, a native of Puerto Rico, and the specimen is doubtless one

of the several in the Moricand herbarium which are known to have

been mistakenly labeled "Peru" and "Pavon."

Eugenia ruiziana Berg, Linnaea 27: 167. 1856. Luma ruiziana

(Berg) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 15: 524. 1941. "(v. in hb.

Berol.). . . . Habitat in Peruviae Andium nemoribus (Ruiz)." This

is referred by Berg to his species group Biflorae, and is said to be

closely related, except for the sometimes 3-flowered peduncles, to a

Chilean species, E. chrysocarpa Berg [Myrceugenia chrysocarpa (Berg)

Kausel]. Burret suggests that E. ruiziana (Luma ruiziana} may be

a synonym of Luma parvifolia (DC.) Burret, which is also a Chilean

species [Myrceugenia parvifolia (DC.) Kausel]. Kausel himself, in

a recent commentary on some species of Myrceugenia, tentatively

accepts this disposition of Eugenia ruiziana (Lilloa 13: 133. 1947).

It seems likely in any event that E. ruiziana is to be excluded from

the flora of Peru.

5. MYRCIANTHES Berg

Reference: Berg, Linnaea 27: 315. 1856, and in Mart. Fl. Bras.

14, pt. 1:351-354. 1857.

Calyx-lobes 4 (or in some species 5), distinct, imbricated, per-

sistent. Hypanthium not prolonged beyond the summit of the ovary.

Petals as many as the calyx-lobes, conspicuous. Ovary usually biloc-

ular, the ovules several (5-20, usually 10-15) in each locule, in a

sub-capitate group attached near the middle of the central dissepi-

ment or in a few species (with 7-10 ovules) attached somewhat above

the middle and the ovules pendent. Seeds one or two, often one

developing in each locule, the cotyledons distinct, accumbent, large,

fleshy, plano-convex; radicle often hairy, stout, usually about one-

third as long as the cotyledons or less, impressed between their edges

and lying at right angles to them or curved parallel to their margins;

plumule often silky-hairy, much shorter than the radicle. Inflores-

746 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

cence an axillary dichasium, the central (terminal) flowers usually

sessile in the forks; flowers usually 3 or 7, sometimes as many as 31,

or reduced to 1 only (but if solitary, arising directly from the axils

of foliage leaves, not from the lower bracteate nodes of new branches

which are leafy above, nor from the bracteate nodes of abortive axil-

lary buds). Bracts and bracteoles mostly linear or lanceolate,

scarious, deciduous at anthesis or often much before this.

As originally proposed by Berg, this genus consisted of 4 species

only, all natives of southeastern Brazil or of Uruguay. The genus

was recognized by Berg and distinguished by him from Eugenia be-

cause of the 5-merous flowers of the 4 original species. Species with

flowers in a dichasium, but with 4-merous flowers, were referred by

Berg to Eugenia, but may also be regarded as members of an inde-

pendent genus, Anamomis Griseb. (Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 240. 1860).

I am unable to perceive any differences between Myrcianthes and

Anamomis except the number of perianth-parts, and even this is

inconstant. Almost any of the 4-merous species may have occasion-

ally 5-merous flowers. One species in cis-Andean Peru has 5-merous

flowers but has little apparent affinity otherwise with the Uruguayan

and south-Brazilian species. The various details of inflorescence

structure, calyx morphology, placentation and seed structure are so

much alike in the supposed "Anamomis" and "Myrcianthes" that

their close relationship is apparent. There appears to be no justifi-

cation for maintaining them as separate genera, and the older name,

Myrcianthes, is here taken to apply to both.

The taxonomy of the American eugenioid Myrtaceae has recently

been studied by Eberhard Kausel. According to Kausel's treatment

(Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 3: 502. 1956) the species assigned in this Flora to

Myrcianthes would be divided among the genera Anamomis, Myrci-

anthes and Amyrsia. Kausel stated that in the genus Anamomis the

embryo lacks a plumule, but my observations on mature seeds of

the type species, A. fragrans (Sw.) Griseb., do not confirm this. In

all species of Myrcianthes (including Anamomis} of which seeds have

been available, it is noteworthy that the plumule is invariably pres-

ent in the mature seed but often appears to be wanting in half -grown

or other immature seeds, suggesting that this structure develops

relatively late in the maturation of the embryo.

Certain Andean species previously referred to Eugenia (e.g. E.

orthostemon Berg, E. minimifolia McVaugh, E. cartilaginea McVaugh,

E. myrsinoides (HBK.) Diels, and E. triquetra Berg) are probably

better referred to Myrcianthes, as indicated by general similarity to

FLORA OF PERU 747

the species of that group. None is known in the fruiting condition,

however, and all are strictly 1-flowered species (i.e. the inflorescence

is never a dichasium as far as known), so that positive generic assign-

ments cannot be made. In this Flora the species in question are

associated with the undoubted species of Myrcianthes in the key to

that genus, and they are treated as species of Myrcianthes except

that the formal nomenclatural combinations have not been made.

A sixth species, Eugenia myrtomimeta Diels, is probably of another

generic affinity, as discussed below, but is keyed out here with

Myrcianthes. In the key which follows, these species of uncertain

generic position are treated as species of Eugenia (e.g. E. minimi-

folia, E. myrtomimeta, etc.).

Leaves ternate, or opposite at some nodes, 2 cm. long or less; flowers

solitary, axillary; Cajamarca, north to Colombia. . . .E. triquetra

Leaves opposite, or occasionally subopposite only.

Primary branches of the inflorescence racemosely arranged (i.e.

in decussate pairs), but each cymosely 3- (or rarely 7-) flow-

ered, or 1-flowered; hypanthium on a slender stipe (pseudo-

stalk) often longer than itself, the bracteoles thus well below

the flower and the central flowers apparently pedicellate.

(see Eugenia stipitata, p. 735)

Cymes (dichasia) arising directly from the leaf-axils, sometimes

irregularly branched but the branches never in decussate

pairs; bracteoles usually closely subtending the flowers, and

each branch of the inflorescence terminated by a sessile or

nearly sessile flower at the first node.

Flowers 5-merous; leaves coriaceous, yellow-green and verni-

cose, subsessile, orbicular to broadly ovate, 1.5-7.5 cm.

long and wide; Pacific slope, Lima M. quinqueloba

Flowers 4-merous; leaves various; species mostly of the inter-

Andean valleys Key A

A Flowers solitary (see also under second A, for plants with flowers

partly solitary and partly in threes or more numerous).

Leaves 6 mm. long or less, rigidly coriaceous, vernicose, promi-