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Fig. 1. Arrhostia lumenaria Geyer, Java. See Rambara Moore, [1887],

Fig. 2. veiwi/cae Prout, syntype,;^. New Zealand. See Meyrick, 1888.

Fig. 3. Nemoria parvulata'^-d\kQr,^, CQy\on. See M/.Yoeera Warren, 1901 .

Fig. 4. //ele/wr/e/i/Y /:i/V/e«ra/‘n Bethune-Baker, holotype(^, Nigeria. See //e/eromVa Warren, 1901.

Fig. 5. Anisodes sanguinaria MoorQ,^,S'\]f.k\m. See Swinhoe, 1892.

Fig. 6. r/el/Y/cIo Walker, (^, Venezuela. See Prasi/ioc/io'sa Warren, 1900.

Fig. 7. F/av7/i/V/ /Gw//a Schaus,(J, Brazil. See /Irj'/vWe.y Warren, 1895.

Fig. 8. Scapula plioiiocenira Vrou\.,<^,'H\gQn‘d. See P/e/o/zoce/ilra Warren, 1898.

Fig. 9. Ackhdia ruhromarginaria Packard, (J, western U.S.A. See Xystrota Hulst, 1896.

The black line under each figure represents the natural size of the moth, from the centre of its thorax to the apex of its forewing.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 12.

■ Fig. 13.

Fig. 14.

■ Fig. 15.

i Fig. 16.

I Fig. 17.

^ Fig. 18.

Ditliecodes phaenomeris Prout, syntype(^, New Guinea. See Eiithysana Warren, 1907.

Herbita capucina Thierry-Mieg, (^, Sikkim. See Xyloloclia Warren, 1895.

Liixiaria ohiiquata Moore, syntype $, India. See Bithiodes Warren, 1894.

Synopsia kindermannaria Staudinger, (J, U.S.S.R. See Spartopteryx Guenee, 1857.

Glena nicdwmougharia Sperry, paratypecJ, U.S.A. See Hetererannis Warren, 1904.

Biston phimosaria Leech, syntype^^, Japan. See Megabiston Warren, 1894.

Erebomorpha moorei Thierry-Mieg, (J, Sikkim. See Vindusara Moore, 1868.

Aniphitorna lechriodes Turner, (;J, Australia. See Amphitoma Turner, 191 1.

Pogonopygia nigrcdbata Warren, syntype(^, China. See Pogonopygia Warren, 1894.

I The black line under each figure represents the natural size of the moth, from the centre of its thorax to the apex of its forewing.

I

The Generic Names of

^

Moths of the World

Edited by I. W. B. Nye

Volume 3

Geometroidea :

Apoprogonidae

Axiidae

Callidulidae

Cyclidiidae

Drepanidae

Epicopeiidae

Epiplemidae

Geometridae

Pterothysanidae

Sematuridae

Thyatiridae

Efraniidae

By D. S. Eletcher

British Museum {Natural History)

Trustees of the

British Museum (Natural History)

London 1979

(c) Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1979

Publication Number 812 L

ISBN 0 565 00812 9

Computer composed and phototypeset by Unwin Brothers Limited

The Gresham Press, Old Woking, Surrey, England

This volume should preferably be cited as:

Fletcher, D. S., 1979, in Nye, I. W. B.

The Generic Names of Moths of the World, volume 3

Dedicated to the memory of Louis Beethoven Prout, whose note-

books and publications formed the basis of the Geometridae card

indexes in the British Museum (Natural History), and to the memory

of Reginald J. Collins who compiled the indexes with the help of

Mrs Elsa B. Cummins. This catalogue is based on their very exten-

sive preliminary work.

1

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Editor’s preface

In the whole of the Animal Kingdom about 290 000 genus-group names have been used and of these

nearly 10% have been applied to moths and butterflies. It is intended to catalogue all of the

24 000 moth names in the following volumes which have either already been published or are in

preparation.

The Generic Names of Moths of the World

Edited by I. W. B. Nye

VOLUME 1 by I. W. B. Nye (published 11th December 1975)

Superfamily NOCTUOIDEA (part) AGARISTIDAE NOLIDAE

NOCTUIDAE

VI

GENERIC NAMES OF MOTHS OF THE WORLD

VOLUME 5 (in preparation by I. W. B. Nye and S. H. Halsey)

Contents

Page

Editor’s preface v

Synopsis ix

Aim, scope and style .......... ix

Form of entries . ix

Sequence ix

References . ix

Dates ix

Type-localities x

Unavailable names .......... x

Dates of some important publications ...... x

Agassiz, L. 1842-1847 x

Felder, C., Felder, R. & Rogenhofer, A. F. 1864-1875 . . xi

Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. 1843-1856 xii

1850-[1869] xii

HiiBNER, J. 1786-1842 xiv

Seitz, A. 1906-1954 xiv

Stephens, J. F. 1827-1835 xiv

1829 [1 JUNE] . XV

1829 [15 JULY] XV

Walker, F. 1854-1866 xv

Werny, K. 1966 .......... XV

Homonymy ............ xv

MiSIDENTIFIED type-species XV

Family-group names .......... xv

Acknowledgements . . . xix

Summary of new genus-group names proposed ..... xx

Alphabetical catalogue of genus-group names ..... 1

Symbols used ........... 1

Abbreviations used for family-group names ..... 1

Catalogue ..... 1

Index to species-group names . . . . . . . .219

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Synopsis

The 4082 genus-group names included in this catalogue are listed alphabetically with their type-species

and relevant references; the family or subfamily placement of each name is given. The type-locality

of the type-species of each nomenclaturally available name is also given. New genus-group names

are proposed for 35 junior homonyms for which no replacement name could be found; one new

genus and two new subgenera are established. Type-species are designated for 166 genera for which

no designation could be found and 21 genera have been transferred to other families.

Aim, Scope and Style

The aim, scope and style of this catalogue follow closely those defined by Dr I. W. B. Nye in the

first volume of this series and his definitions have largely been repeated in this introduction.

The aim of this volume has been to compile a catalogue of all the genus-group names in the super-

family Geometroidea, to include the families Pterothysanidae, Callidulidae, Thyatiridae, Cyclidiidae,

Axiidae, Drepanidae, Uraniidae, Epicopeiidae, Sematuridae, Epiplemidae, Geometridae and Apopro-

gonidae. The families included in this catalogue differ from those listed by Brock, 1971, J. nat. Hist.

5; 29-102, in his definition of the Geometroidea, by the inclusion of the Axiidae and the Apopro-

gonidae, by the separation of the Cyclidiidae from the Drepanidae where Euchera substigmaria Hiibner

[1831], had been placed, and by the separation of the Epicopeiidae and the Sematuridae from the

Uraniidae.

Each nomenclaturally available generic name has been objectively defined by linking it with its first

valid type-species designation, determined according to the International Code of Zoological Nomen-

clature (Edn 2), 1964 (with amendments, 1974). Invalid and incorrect designations of type-species

which antedate the first vglid designation are listed and the reasons for their rejection are given.

This catalogue contains all the genus-group names of the appropriate families included in Neave,

1939-1975, Nomenclator zoologicus 1-7, and in the Zoological Record \x^ to and including volume 109

published in 1977. Relevant names from recent works published up to September 1978 have also

been included.

Subjective synonymy of genus-group names has not been included, except in the case of :

(a) a junior homonym having no objective replacement name, or

(b) two or more genera having type-species which are subjectively synonymous; such genus-group

names have been cross-referenced by the phrase ‘See also Genus Author, date’. Where the type-

species of a genus is a junior subjective synonym, its senior subjective synonym and reference is also

included.

Form of Entries

Sequence

The catalogue is arranged alphabetically. Junior homonyms, junior objective synonyms and names

not nomenclaturally available are listed chronologically under their potentially valid name, and are

also cross-referenced in the main alphabetical sequence.

References

Titles of journals have been abbreviated as in the World List of Scientific Periodicals (Edn 4),

1963-1965. If the cited journal has not been included in the World List, abbreviations in the style

of that work have been used. Nouns always start with a capital letter and adjectives usually start

with a small letter. Abbreviations are followed by a full stop, but contractions are not.

Titles of books and other non-serial works have also been abbreviated in the style of the World List,

using the ‘Select List of Abbreviations’ published in volume 3 of that work.

The full titles of journals may be found in the World List or in the List of Serial Publications in the

British Museum {Natural History) Library (Edn 2), 1975. Most of the titles of books and of other

non-serial works are in the Catalogue of Books, Manuscripts, Maps and Drawings in the British Museum

{Natural History).

Throughout this catalogue the term Commission refers to the International Commission on

Zoological Nomenclature and the term Code refers to the International Code of Zoological Nomen-

clature (Edn 2), 1964, with amendments 1974, Bull. zool. Nom. 31: 77-89.

Dates

Following Recommendation 22A of the Code, dates of publication have been cited in square

brackets if they have been determined from external evidence and in parentheses if determined from

evidence in the volume itself. These dates have usually been followed by those printed on the

title-page to assist in finding the work in library catalogues.

IX

X

GENERIC NAMES OE MOTHS OF THE WORLD

Dates of publication given in Sherborn’s hulex Animaliwn and in the Catalogue of Books, Manu-

scripts, Maps and Drawings in the British Museum {Natural History) have been adopted, except where

bibliographical research has shown that changes should be made.

Type-localities

Names of countries are given in their current English form and are placed in square brackets when

they have not been included with the original description. Where the modern name of a country

differs from its perhaps better known, older name, the latter has been included in parentheses; for

example, Sulawesi (Celebes). The Times Atlas of the World (Comprehensive Edn), 1968, has been

used as a standard, except for those names changed since its date of publication; for example, Zaire

in place of Congo Republic and Bangladesh in place of East Pakistan. Where no English equivalent

can be given, the locality is cited as published in the original description; for example, Mndiis’ or

Tndes Orientales’.

Where the type-locality is not known or not stated with the original description, brief notes on the

current distribution of the species are given.

Unavailable names

Unavailable names, that is names which are not nomenclaturally available under the provisions of

the Code, are preceded by a double dagger (|) and reasons for their rejection are given.

Names recorded in Neave, Nomenciator zoologicus as ‘(pro A-us Author, date)’ usually lack positive

indication as to whether the names are misspellings without nomenclatural availability or whether

they are emendations with nomenclatural availability. All such entries have been checked and the

correct status given.

A number of manuscript names have been included as "Genus Author, no published reference

found’. These are genus-group names placed in the Rothschild collection of Geometridae by Warren

and in the BMNH collection of Geometridae by Prout, the latter having intended to describe such

genera as new in Seitz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.

Dates of some Important Publications

Agassiz, E. 1842-1847

Nomenciator zoologicus, continens Nomina systematica Generum Animalium tarn viventium quam

fossilium. 4to.

The work consists of twelve quarto sized fascicles published in eight parts, each part in a dated wrapper.

The title-page of the work is dated 1842-1846, but the dated wrappers of the parts span the years

1842-1847. Photocopies of the dated wrappers were kindly sent by Dr W. D. Myers of the Agassiz

Museum at Harvard University, U.S.A.; these have now been placed with the copies of the Nomen-

ciator zoologicus in the BMNH library.

For convenience of reference the parts which include Insecta are tabulated below, together with

their dates of publication.

As will be seen from the above table, the ‘Index universalis’, dated 1847 on the wrapper, includes

a title-page dated 1846. An explanatory note pasted to the front end paper in one of the two copies

in the Agassiz Museum reads ‘However, the title page bound with the fascicle [fascicle 12] itself bears

GENERIC NAMES OF MOTHS OF THE WORLD

XI

the date 1846. Apparently this title page was among those supplied in 1846, and fascicle XII, intended

to be published in 1846, [was] not actually published until 1847’.

The ‘Index universalis’ was republished in 1848 in octavo size.

Notes on fascicles 9, 10 and 12 of Agassiz’s Nomenclator zoologicus were published by Cowan,

1970, Annotationes Rhopalocerologicae 1970: 14.

Felder, C., Felder, R. & Rogenhofer, A. F. 1864-1875

Reise der dsterreichisclien Fregatte Novara um die Erde (Zoologischer Theil) Band 2 (Abtheilung 2).

Abtheilung 2 was devoted to Lepidoptera and was published in five Hefte; Hefte 1-3 were by Felder, C.

& Felder, R. and included the Rhopalocera, Hefte 4 and 5 were by Felder, C. & Rogenhofer, A. F.

and included the Heterocera.

Some confusion exists in the literature concerning the dates of publication of the plates of this work.

The plates themselves each bear two dates, the date when the plate was drawn and the date purporting

to be that of publication. For example, plate 75 is inscribed ‘del Febr. 1867. edit 1868’ [delineavit

Febr. 1867, edita 1868; that is, drawn February 1867, published 1868] and plate 137 is inscribed

‘del. 1869. edit Decbri 1874’.

That some of Felder’s Heterocera plates, together with their legends, were circulated before the

dates of publication of the two Hefte in which they were issued is evident from Boisduval’s Consider-

ations Lepidopteres envoyes du Guatemala a M. de VOrza published in 1870. On pages 66-99 of the

work Boisduval attributed to Felder six generic and seventeen specific names, previously unpublished,

and cited nine plates (75, 77, 78, 101-106; plate 108 was cited in error for 103) on which the species

were illustrated in Heft 4 of the Reise Novara.

Butler, 1871, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 8: 290, stated that he had received a letter from Rudolph

Felder dated 5 August 1869 in which he advised Butler that he would soon receive ‘provisional copys

of our Heteroc. plates’. Butler added that shortly after receiving the letter he received uncoloured

proofs of 46 plates; plates 75-107 were lettered, the remainder unlettered. As far as Butler could

ascertain the part of the Reise Novara containing these plates was not then available.

No record or wrapper has been traced to suggest that the Heterocera plates were published in parts

smaller than the two Hefte 4 and 5, so it is therefore probable that Boisduval, like Butler, obtained

Reise der dsterreichisclien Fregatte Novara um die Erde

(Zoologischer Theil) Band 2 (Abtheilung 2)

plate; pi. 121 with its title-page

names also printed at of Band 2

foot) (Abtheilung 2))

Erklarung to pis 75-107:

pp. 1-10

Inhalts-Verzeichniss to

pis 108-140: pp. 1-20

GENERIC NAMES OE MOTHS OE THE WORLD

xii

privately provisional proof copies of Felder’s plates and their legends prior to their publication in

Vienna in 1874 and 1875. The Felder names used by Boisduval in 1870 are treated as Felder un-

published manuscript names and their authorship attributed to Boisduval.

In 1877 Johann Spitzka, accountant to the Royal Academy of Science in Vienna, the body responsible

for the publication of the Reise Novara, published a twelve-page pamphlet listing all the parts of the

work, their contents and dates of publication; a copy of the pamphlet is in the library of the BMNH.

Some of Spitzka’s dates have, however, been shown to be incorrect.

Dr L. G. Higgins, 1963, J. Soc. Biblphy nat. Hist. 4: 153-159, listed dates of publication of the five

Lepidoptera Hefte, basing his conclusions on the study of two copies of Abtheilung 2 in their original

Heft wrappers and upon data from the Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, the journal that included accounts

of the meetings of the Royal Academy of Science in Vienna. The publication of many of the Hefte

of the Reise Novara was announced at the Society’s meetings, but no announcement was made for

the two Lepidoptera Hefte, numbers 2 and 5. The dates of publication suggested by Dr Higgins

have been adopted for use in this catalogue, with the exception of that proposed for Heft 4. The cover

of Heft 4 is dated 1874, its title-page, November 1874; its publication was not, however, announced

until 7 January 1875, but as no meeting of the Society was held between 17 December 1874 and

7 January 1875, the Heft could well have been published in December 1874. The evidence for

accepting 1875 as the year of publication of Heft 4 is inconclusive and insufficient to justify a change

from the currently accepted 1874. In this catalogue [31 December] 1874 has been adopted as the

date of publication of Heft 4.

For convenience of reference the accompanying table has been prepared, listing briefly the contents

of each Heft and the date of publication adopted in this catalogue. For fuller information Dr Higgins’

paper should be consulted.

Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. 1843-1856

Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa.

The work consists of six volumes that were published in 69 Hefte. Herrich-Schaffer listed the contents

and the year of publication of each of Hefte 1-65 and the year of publication of each of Hefte 66-69

in 1869, CorrespBl. zool.-niin. Ver. Regensburg 2i : 210-214.

Hemming, 1937, Hiibner 1: 579-589, tabulated the contents and year of publication of all 69 Hefte,

deriving his data from notes compiled by J. H. Durrant from a copy in original wrappers in the

British Library. Durrant’s manuscript notes in the BMNH record that the wrapper of Heft 66 is

dated ‘April 1855’, Heft 67 ‘Juli 1855’ and Heft 68 ‘Ende Dezember 1855’.

Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. 1850-[1869] 1850-1858

Sanvnlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuropdischer Schmetterlinge (subsequently titled Lepi-

dopterorwn exoticorum species novae aut minus cognitae and Collections de nouvelles especes de

Papillons exoticpies).

The work was published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 84 pages of text and 120 coloured

plates. The plates were issued in two separately numbered series: Series I, plates 1-96, illustrate

Heterocera (Nachtfalter) and were published in 26 Hefte; Series 11, plates 1-24, illustrate Rhopalocera

(Tagfalter) and were published in six, possibly seven, Hefte. Volume 2 was published in one Heft in

1869; it contains four pages of text and eight coloured plates, the continuation of the plates of volume 1

in the same two series. Series I plates 97-100 and Series II plates 25-28. Only the first two Hefte of

Series II appear to have been published with the wrappers and title-pages in German; Hefte 1 and 2

of Series I and subsequent Hefte of both Series were published with Latin and French titles, the

former on the left side, the latter on the right side of the front page of the wrapper. The names of

the species illustrated on the plates enclosed in each Heft, together with their localities, were usually

printed on the back page of each wrapper; with rare exceptions the wrappers are undated.

There are some discrepancies in the dates of publication attributed by bibliographers to volume 1,

the title-page of which is dated 1850-1858. Volume 1 (Series I), which includes the plates of

Lepidoptera Heterocera, was issued in 26 Hefte. The dates of publication of the Hefte have been

recorded by Gerstaecker, 1854, Arch. Naturgesch. 20 (2): 263; 1855, ibidem 21 (2); 241; 1856, ibidem

22 (2): 266 and 1857, ibidem 23 (2): 431-433, 439-441 ; by Wuttig, 1860, Kayser's Bucher- Lex. 13: 430;

by Zuchold, [1854], Bihlthca hist.-nat. 4: 120; [1855], ibidem 5: 21 ; [1856], ibidem 6 (1): 24 and [1857],

ibidem 6 (2): 140-141 ; by Cams & Englemann, 1861, Biblthca zool. 2: 576; by Herrich-Schaffer himself,

1869, CorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 23: 214; by Woodward, 1922, Cat. Books, Manuscripts,

Maps & Drawings Br. Mus. {nat. Hist.) 6: 458; by Dalla Torre, 1927, Ent. NachrBl. Troppau 1 (2):

1-2 and by Horn & Schenkling, 1928, Index Lit. ent. 2: 546.

Wuttig recorded that 25 Hefte were issued by 1856 and the issue of the Schluss-Heft, Heft 26, in

1858 to complete the work. Gerstaecker recorded the issue of 25 Hefte by 1856, with the text still

incomplete. Woodward recorded the work as complete in 25 Hefte.

There is general agreement on the years of publication of Hefte 1-17, which included plates 1-68,

figures 1-390; these were published in the years 1853-1855. The first twelve Hefte each consisted of

four plates with the names of the species that were illustrated and their localities printed on the back

xin

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XIV

GENERIC NAMES OF MOTHS OF THE WORLD

page of the green Umschlag, or wrapper. Dalla Torre dated plates 1-3 ‘before July 1853’ and plates

4-16 ‘July 1853’; the legend to plates 1-4 was, however, published entire on one wrapper. Evidently

‘1-3’ and ‘4-16’ are errors for ‘1-4’ and ‘5-16’.

Hefte 18-22, which included plates 69-79, figures 391-458, were variously dated 1855 and 1856 by

different bibliographers; the precise contents of each of the five Hefte have not yet been established.

Available evidence suggests that Woodward’s grouping and dating of Hefte 13-22 (plates 49-88) as

1855 and his grouping of Hefte 23-24 (plates 89-94) were mistaken, for fifteen plates (80-94) were

issued in Hefte 23-25 in 1856. The Heft or Hefte which contained plates 71-78, figures 404-451,

were issued in one wrapper with the legend printed in a single column on the back page; this is the

only dated wrapper of volume 1 (Series I) so far located. At its head is a note which states that

‘The names of those species figured on plates 69, 70, 79-82 follow with the next parts, in which will

also be included the text, corrections and indices. Regensburg d. 31. Dec. 1855’; at its foot was

added ‘Textbogen A-G’ [pages 1-52]. The inference is that plates 69-82 were issued simultaneously;

eight (71-78) with relevant legends, the remaining six, 69, 70, 79-82, without legends and that the first

fifty-two pages of the text accompanied them, but this is not supported by subsequent evidence.

According to Gerstaecker (1857; 431) the first part of the text, fifty-two pages, was issued in 1856

together with fifteen plates in Hefte 23-25. The fifteen plates were 80-94 and the legend to them was

printed in double column on one wrapper. It seems probable therefore that Hefte 18-22 included

plates 71-78 with their legend printed in single column on their wrapper and plates 69, 70 and 79

without legends; plates 80-82 and Textbogen A-G were not issued then, but were included with

Hefte 23-25 in 1856. No printed legend has yet been found to plates 69, 70 or 79, so the names of

the species illustrated on them should be dated from the text.

A foot-note published first in 1855, Syst. Bearbeilung Schmett. Eur. 6: 86 and subsequently in

[1856], Samml. neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereur. Schmett. 1; 6, stated with reference to Series I

of the latter work that ‘up to now 516 figures on 90 plates have appeared’. Page 86 of volume 6 was

included in Heft 68 of the European work which, according to Herrich-Schaffer (1869: 214) and to

wrapper evidence, was published in 1855.

The last Heft of the aussereur. Schmett. to be published in 1855, in a wrapper dated 31 December

1855, included plates 71-78 (figures 391-476) with legend and, by inference, plate 69, 70, 79-82 without

legend (see above). Further, wrapper evidence shows that plate 90 did not conclude a Heft, but that

it appeared in a sequence which ended with plate 94, for the legends to plates 80-94 (figures 459-540)

were printed on one wrapper. A possible explanation of the foot-note is that at the time 516 figures

on 90 plates had been printed, but not necessarily issued.

A foot-note on the wrapper of the Heft that included plates 80-94 stated that with Heft 26

[Schluss-Heft] the work would be completed and that with it the title and relevant text would be

issued. According to Wuttig (1860: 430), the Schluss-Heft which included the second part of the

text, pages 53-84, and four plates [numbers not stated] was issued in 1858.

Volume 1 (Series II) which included the plates of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera was issued in at least

five Hefte; Woodward (1922: 458) differs from other bibliographers in recording the issue of the

plates in seven Hefte. Heft 5 evidently included plates [19-22], for Gerstaecker (1857: 431) recorded

the issue of the part and discussed the species illustrated on them on pages 440 and 441 of the same

article; Woodward referred these plates to Hefte 5 and 6. Plates [23] and [24] recorded by Woodward

as Heft 7 were evidently published without a legend on the wrapper; the sole new species illustrated,

Euriphene senegalensis Herrich-Schaffer, should be dated from the text.

According to Herrich-Schaffer (1869: 214), volume 2 was published in August 1869 and all biblio-

graphers appear to have accepted that date.

The accompanying table summarises the available evidence of the dates of publication so far

examined and records the dates that have been adopted in this catalogue.

Hubner, J. 1786-1842

The dates cited in this catalogue are taken from Hemming, 1937, Hubner volumes 1 and 2.

Seitz, A. 1906-1954

Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde (German Edition) and The Macrolepidoptera of the World (English

Edition).

The dates of publication cited for Seitz are those printed at the top of the first page of each eight-page

signature. Where the dates of the eight-page signatures differ in the German and English editions,

the earlier has been cited and the later noted in a comment. The signature dates have been adopted

in preference to those listed by Griffin, 1936, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Land. 85: 243-280, which are the

dates of receipt of the parts in London.

Stephens, J. F. 1827-1835

Illustrations of British Entomology (Haustellata) volumes 1-4.

The dates cited for this work are those printed at the foot of the first page of each sixteen-page

signature.

GENERIC NAMES OF MOTHS OF THE WORLD

XV

Stephens, J. F. 1829 [1 june]

The Nomenclature of British Insects.

Publication of the Nomenclature was announced in ‘Books published this Week’ [Wednesday 27 May-

Tuesday 2 June 1829] in the Athenaeum 1829 (84): 352, published on 3 June 1829.

Page [1] of the wrapper of part 28 of Illustrations of British Entomology (Haustellata) carried the

announcement that the Nomenclature had been published on 1 June 1829.

Stephens, J. F. 1829 [15 july]

A Systematic Catalogue of British Insects.

Publication of the Systematic Catalogue was announced in ‘Books published this Week’ [Wednesday

15 July-Tuesday 21 July 1829] in the Athenaeum 1829 (91): 464, published on 22 July 1829.

Page [1] of the wrapper of part 29 of Illustrations of British Entomology (Haustellata) carried the

announcement that the Systematic Catalogue had been published on 15 July 1829 (‘On the fifteenth

ult. [15 July 1829] was published (Price £1 7s.) Stephens’ Systematic Catalogue').

Walker, F. 1854-1866

List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum volumes 1-35.

The dates cited in this catalogue are those listed by Nye, 1975, Generic Names Moths World 1: 6, 7.

Werny, K. 1966

Untersuchungen iiber die Systematik der Tribus Thyatirini, Macrothyatirini, Habrosynini und Tetheini

(Lepidoptera Thyatiridae). (Doctoral Thesis).

Karl Werny’s thesis for a doctorate in natural sciences, submitted to the University of Saarbriicken

in 1966, was reproduced by Rotaprint-Olfset ensuring identical copies, printed by ink on paper and

was freely available from the author and from the university; it thus satisfied the criteria of publication

as defined in the Code, Article 8. The work was recorded, together with the new taxa and new

combinations that it contained, by Clark, J. et al., in Vevers, 1973, Zool. Rec. 105 (B 13): 274, 599, 600.

The four new generic names and any relevant type-species designations contained in the work have

been included in this catalogue.

Homonymy

Names that have been proposed expressly to replace junior homonyms, and junior objective

synonyms that have been used for the same purpose, are referred to in this catalogue as objective

replacement names. Junior subjective synonyms that have been used to replace preoccupied senior

synonyms are referred to as subjective replacement names.

Of the 3680 nomenclaturally available generic names included in this catalogue 247 were found to

be junior homonyms. Objective replacement names are available for 144; the type-species of each

of the remaining homonyms has been studied and wherever it was possible to find a genus with a

type-species congeneric with that of the homonym, then the latter has been placed as a subjective

synonym of it. There remained, however, 35 for which there is neither an objective nor a subjective

replacement name and new names have been proposed for these genera. A list of the new names

has been included in a ‘Summary of new genus-group names proposed’.

Misidentified Type-species

Under Article 70 of the Code it is to be assumed that an author has correctly identified the nominal

species that he

(1) referred to a new genus when he proposed it, or

(2) designated as type-species of a new or established genus.

In this catalogue there are several genera having type-species now known to be based on mis-

identified specimens; in each case not decided upon by the Commission, the misidentification has been

corrected and the reasons for doing so have been given; the correct species has been cited with the

misidentification in synonymy. Several of the type-species are well known in the European fauna

and have been illustrated several times; less well known species from other regions are illustrated

on Frontispieces 1 and 2.

Under Article 70(a) of the Code such cases should be referred to the Commission to designate as

type-species whichever species will in its judgement best serve stability and uniformity in nomenclature.

Family-group Names

The family and subfamily names used in this catalogue are in the main universally used and only at

subfamily level in the Geometridae does some confusion arise. Reasons for this are discussed below

and a table is given summarising the classification used by authors at the turn of the century and

during the past seventy years.

XVI

GENERIC NAMES OF MOTHS OF THE WORLD

Comparative table of family-group names.

The Drepanidae were termed Drepanulidae by Warren and by Hampson between 1890 and 1900,

but the family has been consistently named Drepanidae during the present century. Drepanidae

was confirmed as the correct family-group name by the Commission in 1961, Bull. zool. Nom. 18

Opinion 610; 267-269, when the family-group name Drepanidae (correction of Drepanulidi Boisduval

[November] 1828) was placed on the Ojficial List of Family-Group Names in Zoology with Name

No. 307 and Drepanulidi Boisduval [November] 1828 was placed on the Ojficial Index of Rejected

and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology with Name No. 338.

The Thyatiridae have been widely known as Cymatophoridae, but the type-genus Cymatophora

Treitschke, 1825, is a junior homonym of Cymatophora Hiibner, [1812], in the Geometridae. Accord-

ing to Article 39 of the Code ‘The name of a taxon of the family-group is invalid if the name of its

nominal type-genus is a junior homonym’ and for that reason Thyatiridae is used in place of

Cymatophoridae.

The Geometridae have been known variously as Phalaenidae and as Geometridae, but under a

Ruling by the Commission, 1957, Opin. Decl. int. Commn zool. Nom. 15; Opinion 450, the name

Geometridae was declared to be the correct name for the family and it was placed on the Ojficial List

of Family-Group Names in Zoology with Name No. 137. The subfamily names used in this catalogue

are a combination of those that are mandatory and those that have the widest current use.

The subfamily widely known as the Brephinae has been renamed Archiearinae. The type-genus

of Brephinae is Brephos Hiibner, [1813]; its type-species is now known to be Phalaena Julia Cramer,

1775, in the Agaristidae. No subfamily name was available from the synonymy of Brephinae sensu

auct. in the Geometridae, so the name Archiearinae was introduced by Fletcher, 1953, Acta zool.

lilloana 13; 367.

GENERIC NAMES OE MOTHS OF THE WORLD

XVII

Geometroidea (less Geometridae)

The subfamily widely known as the Oenochrominae, a family-group name first proposed by Guenee

in 1857, has been subdivided by Guenee himself, by Meyrick, Warren, Hulst, Tutt and by Herbulot.

Of the twelve other subfamily names in the literature associated with the Oenochrominae, the two

names Monocteniadae proposed by Meyrick in 1889 and Orthostixidae proposed by Meyrick in 1892

have had the widest use. Oenochrominae, however, has had almost universal use during the past

sixty years. The family-group name Alsophilinae proposed by Herbulot in 1962 has not been

separated from the Oenochrominae in this catalogue.

In Opinion 450 the Commission ruled Phalaena papilionaria Linnaeus, 1758, to be the type-species

of the genus Geometra Linnaeus, 1758; thus the nominate subfamily name Geometrinae replaced

Hemitheinae. Until the publication of Opinion 450 the subfamily had been almost universally

known as Hemitheinae since the beginning of this century; prior to that period eight other subfamily

names had been used for the group, or for parts of it. Haziidae introduced by Guenee in 1857 and

Euschemidae introduced by Walker in 1862 each had wide use.

If priority were to be applied to the naming of the subfamily now known as the Sterrhinae, proposed

by Meyrick in 1892, and widely used during this century, the name Zonosominae proposed by White

in 1876 and used since only by Kirby in 1903, would have to be adopted. The earlier and widely

used Ephyridae and Acidaliidae are invalid because of the homonymy in each case of the type-genus.

Eight other subfamily names were applied to this subfamily, or to parts of it, between 1881 and 1918.

Rhodometrinae, proposed by Agenjo in 1951, has not been separated from the Sterrhinae in this

catalogue.

GENERIC NAMES OE MOTHS OE THE WORLD

Comparative table of family-group names.

The Larentiinae were widely known at the end of the nineteenth century as the Hydriomeninae, but

during the present century the name Larentiinae has been almost universally adopted. The subfamily

was split by Warren in 1893 and 1894 into six separate groups, to each of which he accorded family

rank.

The largest of the subfamilies in the Geometridae, distinguished by the absence of vein M2 in the

hind wing, has been split into at least twenty groups. Warren, 1893, 1894, recognized nineteen

subfamilies; other authors have treated his subfamilies as tribes. The first name to be applied to this

subfamily is Ennominae, proposed by Duponchel [1845]. The name Geometrinae was applied to it

in volumes 4 and 16 of Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, but since the publication of Opinion 450 in 1957,

Geometrinae may no longer be used for this subfamily.

The two comparative tables of family-group name usages summarize the classification of the

families included in this catalogue in two standard works at the beginning of this century and in seven

more recent works representing various parts of the world.

GENERIC NAMES OF MOTHS OF THE WORLD

XIX

Geometroidea : Geometridae

Acknowledgements

I should like to thank the many specialists who have helped me in the preparation of this catalogue,

by supplying information or photocopies of papers not available in the libraries of the BMNH, or by

lending type material from the collections in their charge: Dr I. F. B. Common, Canberra; Col. C. F.

Cowan, Cumbria, U.K.; Dr D. C. Ferguson, Washington; Prof. J. G. Franclemont, Ithaca, N.Y. ;

Dr B. Gustafsson, Stockholm; Dr H. J. Hannemann, Berlin; Monsieur Claude Herbulot, Paris;

Dr H. Inoue, Fujisawa; Dr R. de Jong, Leiden; Dr W. D. Myers, Flarvard; Dr I. Persson, Stockholm;

Prof. S. G. Kiriakoff, Ghent and Dr. P. Viette, Paris.

I should like to thank my colleagues Dr I. W. B. Nye, Mr W. H. T. Tams and Mr A. Watson for

the time that they have given me for very helpful discussion and for their constructive criticism (Dr Nye

especially for his guidance through manynomenclatural problems). Miss P. Gilbert for her help in

obtaining photocopies of papers from overseas libraries and Mrs H. Sabo for her help in obtaining

information from libraries in the U.S.S.R.

Thanks are extended also to Miss M. Creer, Dr R. F. Eastwood, Mr D. French, Mr G. C. J.

MacPherson and to Dr D. B. Williams for preparing and operating the computer programmes and to

Mr P. York of the Photographic Unit for preparing the photographs used in the two frontispieces.

My special thanks are extended to Mrs S. D. M. Knapp for producing so accurate a typescript from

some 5000 manuscript entries and to Miss S. H. Halsey for her care and attention to detail in up-dating

the typescript to conform to the style required for computerized type-setting.

XX

Summary of New Genus-group Names Proposed

The following list summarizes the junior homonyms for which new objective replacement names

have been proposed in this catalogue.

Preoccupied name

Acachmena Turner, 191 1

Acanthophora Hulst, 1896

Alloeoneiira Warren, 1895

Al/op/iyla Turner, 1947

Anomoneura Warren, 1901

Choregia Warren, 1899

Corypha Walker, 1860

Eggersia Sick, 1938

Enayp/todes Turner, 1919

Eplioria Meyrick, 1892

Gargaphia Walker, [1863]

Idiochlora Prout, 1912

Lasiophanes Warren, 1905

Lepidospora Warren, 1906

Li thochar is Warren, 1912

Lophodes Guenee, 1857

Lophosema Turner, 1917

Macroctenia Turner, 1930

Mantua Prout, 1915

Meekia Warren, 1912

Metacineta Prout, 1912

Monotaxis Hulst, 1898

Nassunia Walker, 1862

Neobapta Djakonov, 1936

Nesophila Warren, 1905

7Vo6///fl Walker, 1861

Ophthalinodes Guenee, 1857

Pachypalpia Warren, 1900

Paralaea Meyrick, 1892

Phalacropsis Sw'mhoe, 1895

Christoph, 1881

Proholaea Turner, 1943

Prostoma Warren, 1904

Scioglyptis Meyrick, 1892

Z/e/a Zimmerman, 1958

Replacement name

Cathetus nom. n.

Acanthotoca nom. n.

Distoneura nom. n.

Euturneria nom. n.

Anomozela nom. n.

Azyx nom. n.

Cotta nom. n.

Eggersops nom. n.

Aphantes nom. n.

Epholca nom. n.

Sarisa nom. n.

Dryochlora nom. n.

Pocophora nom. n.

Erioptereta nom. n.

Euparyphasma nom. n.

Pholodes nom. n.

Lophosigna nom. n.

Macroxystra nom. n.

Eutnannia nom. n.

Eunieekia nom. n.

Euproutia nom. n.

Monostoeclia nom. n.

Nassinia nom. n.

Endjakonovia nom. n.

Solonionophila nom. n.

Zythos nom. n.

Ophthalmitis nom. n.

Pachypalpella nom. n.

Plesiolaea nom. n.

Liocrops nom. n.

Euchristophia nom. n.

Ecphysis nom. n.

Proagra nom. n.

Lobus nom. n.

Eiizimmermania nom. n.

In addition to the 35 objective replacement names listed above, the following new genus and

two new subgenera have been established for three groups of species previously combined with

genus-group names proposed after 1930 that were not accompanied by the definite fixation of type-

species; such genus-group names are unavailable under Article 13(b) of the Code.

Unavailable name

lEuryobeidia Wehrli, 1939

XInciidifera Wehrli, 1934

XKataschisia Wehrli, 1934

New name

Euryobeidia gen. n.

Incudifera subgen. n. of Neolythria Alpheraky, 1 892.

Kataschisia subgen. n. of Neolythria Alpheraky, 1892.

Alphabetical Catalogue of Genus-group Names

Symbols used

J. A name not nomenclaturally available under the Code.

[ ]. Added information derived usually from external evidence.

[1825] 1816. Date of publication derived from evidence external to the work itself, followed by the title-page

date.

Abbreviations used for family-group names

ABACISCUS Butler, 1889, Illust. typical Specimens tepid.

Heterocera Colin Br. Mus. 7: 20, 102. enno

Type-species: /4Aac/sc«s tristis Butler, 1889, ibidem 7: 102,

pi. 135, fig. 18, by monotypy. [India]: Dharmsala.

ABBOTTANA Hulst, 1896. See Eutrapela Hiibner, [1809]

enno

ABRAXAPHANTES Warren, 1894, Novit. zool. 1: 374. oeno

Type-species: y4Araxfls perampla Swinhoe, 1890, Trans, ent.

Soc. Land. 1890: 21 1, by original designation. Burma: Upper

Tenasserim.

ABRAXAS Leach, [1815] 1 830, in Brewster, Edinburgh Encycl.

9: 134. enno

Type-species: Phalaena grossulariata Linnaeus, 1758, Syst.

Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 525, by subsequent designation by Curtis,

1834, Br. Ent. 11: 515. type-locality: not stated, [europe].

tSPILOTE Hiibner, [1806], Tentamen determinationis diges-

tionis . . .: [2].

Included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes by

Int. Commn zool. Nom., 1926, Smithson, misc. Colins 73 (4)

Opinion 97: 19. Also idem, 1954, Opin. Decl. int. Commn

zool. Nom. 6 Opinion 278: 140.

Only included species: Phalaena grossulariata Linnaeus,

1758.

XSPILOTA Hiibner, 1818, Zutr'age Samml. exot. Schmett. 1:

32, [34].

Not nomenclaturally available from 1818 as a genus-group

name. Hiibner used Spilota on page 32 in a suprageneric

sense for one of the names of his tribes (Namen der Stamme)

listed on pages [33], [34]. Hiibner listed his genus-group

names on pages [35], [36].

SPILOTA Hiibner, 1822, Syst.-alphab. Verz.\ 39-43, 45-47,

51.

Type-species: Phalaena grossulariata Linnaeus, 1758, by

subsequent designation by Grote, 1902, Allg. Z. Ent. 7: 471.

A junior homonym of Spilota Billberg, 1820, Enumeratio

Insect. Mus. G.J. Billberg: 61 - Coleoptera and a junior objec-

tive synonym of Abraxas Leach, [1815].

Spilota was the spelling adopted by Neave, 1940, Nomencl.

zool. 4: 255, as first reviser, from a multiple original spelling

' in which Spilota was used on page 39, tSpilote on pages 40-43,

45-47, 51 and XSpitole on page 45.

XSPILOTE; Hiibner, 1822, Syst.-alphab. Verz.: 40-43, 45-47,

' 51.

An incorrect (of a multiple) original spelling.

XSPITOLE; Hiibner, 1822, Syst.-alphab. Verz.: 45.

An incorrect (of a multiple) original spelling.

ZERENE Treitschke, 1825, in Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur.

5 (2): 444.

Type-species: Phalaena grossulariata Linnaeus, 1758, by

subsequent designation by Duponchel, 1829, in Godart &

Duponchel, Hist. nat. tepid. Papillons Fr. 7 (2): 1 10 (but cited

as Xglossulariata, an incorrect subsequent spelling).

A junior homonym of Zerene Hiibner, [1819] 1816, Verz.

bekannter Schmett.: 97 - Lepid. Pieridae and a junior objective

synonym of Abraxas Leach, [1815].

XXERENE; Stephens, 1829, Nom. Br. Insects: 44.

An incorrect subsequent spelling.

tL£'/?£'7V£'; Haan, 1830, in Lyonet, Mem. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris

19: 455.

An incorrect subsequent spelling.

XZERENA; Guerin-Meneville, 1843, in Delessert, Souvenirs

Voy. Inde . . . 1834 h 39 (2): 96.

An incorrect subsequent spelling.

ZIRENE \Jngtx, Arch. Ver. Freunde Naturg.-Mecklenb.

10:61.

An unjustified emendation of Zerene Treitschke, 1825.

ABRAXESIS Hampson, 1902, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 14:

510. enno

Type-species: Abroxesis melaleucaria Hampson, 1902, ibi-

dem 14: 510, fig. (labelled Xmetaleucaria, an incorrect original

spelling), by original designation. [INDIA]: Simla.

ABRAXIDES Aurivillius, 1882, K. svenska VetenskAkad.

Handl. 19 (5): 165. enno

Type-species: Phalaena tricinctaria Linnaeus, 1758, Syst.

Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 523, by monotypy. type-locality: stated to

be America, but this was evidently an error for the species is

not known to occur in the New World; the species occurs in

INDONESIA (Moluccas and New Guinea).

ABSALA Swinhoe, 1893, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 12: 149.

geom

Type-species: /4 Asa/a dorcada Swinhoe, 1893, ibidem (6) 12:

149, by monotypy. [india]: Khasia Hills.

ABSYRTES Guenee, 1857, in Boisduval & Guenee, Hist. nat.

Insectes (Spec. gen. Lepid.) 10: 226. enno

Type-species: Absyrtes magnificaria Guenee, 1857, ibidem

10: 226, by PRESENT DESIGNATION. Australia.

A. magnificaria is a junior subjective synonym of Callimor-

pha selenaea Doubleday, 1845, /n Eyre, Jls Expdns Disc. cent.

Aust. 1: 437, pi. 5, fig. 3.