MEMOIRS of MUSEUM VICTORIA

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CONTENTS

The Gynodiastylidae (Crustacea; Cumacea)

Sarah Gerken .

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59(1): 1-274 (2001)

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

Sarah Gerken

Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, ME 04573, USA

Present address: Biology Department, James Madison University, Burruss Hall, MSC 7801,

Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA (gerkensa(gjmu.edu)

Abstract

Gerken, S., 2001. The Gynodiastylidae (Crustacea: Cumacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria

59: 1-276.

The Gynodiastylidae are a small family of Cumacea, of 58 previously published species,

found primarily in the Southern Hemisphere. Investigation of the collections of Museum Vic¬

toria, the Australian Museum, and the South Australian Museum yielded six new genera and

45 new species, diagnosed and figured in this monograph. All previously known species are

diagnosed and figured (from type speeimens where possible, or from the literature when type

specimens were not available). Full descriptions of all species are available via the DELTA

database, Gynodiastylidae, which can be accessed at www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs.

Introduction

Cumaceans are small crustaceans (1-30 mm),

frequently encountered in benthic marine and

littoral environments, that brood their young in a

ventral marsupium. Many cumacean species

inhabit the surface layer of sediment, partially

burying themselves and pursuing a deposit¬

feeding lifestyle, while others can be found cling¬

ing to algal turf on rocks. No parasitic species are

known although it is presumed from their

mandible morphology that some arc predators on

small organisms such as foraminiferans. Plankton

samples, especially those taken at night, occa¬

sionally contain cumaceans, particularly adult

males which arc perhaps searching for mates;

females are rarely if ever collected in night plank¬

ton tows (Corbera, 2000). Cumaceans can be

extremely abundant, in some cases being among

the ten most abundant species in benthic samples

(Watling, pers. comm.) but distributions tend to

be patchy, both locally and globally.

In the most commonly accepted crustacean

classification scheme, the Cumacea form an order

within the Superorder Peracarida of the Class

Malacostraca (Hessler and Watling, 1999). The

eumacean bauplan consists of a relatively bul¬

bous cephalothorax, usually called the carapace,

composed of the head and at least the first three

thoraeic somites fused together, usually five free

thoracic segments, and a slender six-segmented

abdomen. Within these constraints, carapace

design and overall body form can vary widely.

Despite the variation, the basic body plan is

conserved and cumaceans are readily recognis¬

able as such. Unfortunately, there are very few

fossil records of this group, leaving the age of the

group uncertain. The oldest known fossils are

from the Late Permian (Opthalmdiaslylis

Malzahn, 1972) and clearly belong to the modem

family Diastylidae.

Historically, cumaceans have caused some

consternation among taxonomists. Although

cumaceans are a clearly recognisable group, their

familial divisions are not as obvious. Various

workers have classified the order into 4-26 fami¬

lies, of which eight are currently accepted. How¬

ever, the family definitions overlap to such an

extent that the most difficult task in identification

of a species is placement into a family (Day,

1980). A large portion of the uncertainty stems

from a lack of work on the group. Approximately

60 authors have published on cumaceans since

1780, describing 119 genera containing over

1200 species, and the bulk of published work has

concentrated on simply describing species. Virtu¬

ally nothing is known about the evolutional

history of the Cumacea or the relationships within

the group.

The Gynodiastylidae are a small, relatively

well defined group, resident primarily in the

Southern Hemisphere with a few species

recorded from Japan, Thailand, and the Arabian

Gulf. Most species are from depths less than 100

m (Day, 1980). In contrast to the other putative

SARAH GERKEN

family level cumacean groups, the Gynodiasty-

lidae contain few species (58 published), arc

found in a limited range of depths (0-680 m pub¬

lished), and are relatively clearly diagnosed, with

no exceptions to the two main characters used for

diagnosis of the family (lack of pleopods in the

male and lack of an exopod on maxilliped 3 in

the female). This combination of traits makes

the Gynodiastylidae an excellent candidate for

monographic treatment.

Morphology

The cumacean body is divided externally into

carapace, thorax (pereon), and abdomen (pleon)

(Fig. 1). In the Gynodiastylidae, the carapace rep¬

resents the fusion of the head and the first three,

or in a few cases four, thoracic segments. The

pseudorostral lobes may be directed sharply dor-

sally, horizontally, or ventrally. The orientation of

the pseudorostral lobes is a sexually dimorphic

character in the gynodiastylid genera Allodiastylis

and Zimmeriana, with the female pseudorostrum

dorsally or horizontally directed, and the male

pscudorostrum ventrally directed. The carapace is

also frequently sexually dimorphic within the

Gynodiastylidae, although to a lesser extent than

in the most other Cumacea. In the male, orna¬

mentation of the carapace is occasionally reduced

(ridges or spines may be lost), and the ventral

margin of the carapace may be .swollen, with a

pronounced lateral ridge, to accommodate the

expanded peduncle of antenna 2. The eye lobe is

broad rather than narrow, and the presence of

lenses is sexually dimorphic, with adult males

possessing more functional lenses than females;

females frequently are entirely without functional

lenses.

In general, within the Gynodiastylidae sexual

dimorphism is less pronounced than in other

families (Fig. 3), although there arc some genera

with .sexual dimorphism approaching that found

in other families (Allodiastylis, Zimmeriana).

The peduncular articles of antenna I may be

moderate or greatly expanded (Allodiastylis,

Sheardia). The main and accessory flagella arc

similar in length, with the only difference being

the longer terminal setae on the main fiagellum

(Fig. 2).

Antenna 2 in the male is reduced, with three

or four peduncular articles, and 7-13 flagellar

articles; in contrast, antenna 2 of all other adult

male cumaceans has a 5-article peduncle and

more than 20 flagellar articles (Fig. 3). The most

distal peduncle article is the longest, in most cases

longer than the other peduncle articles together,

and bears many setae organised into distinct rows

or ranks on the anterior surface of the article. The

flagellum is very short, never reaching beyond the

posterior margin of the carapace, and frequently

shorter than the peduncle. Each fiagellar article

bears one or two rows of setae.

Mouthparts and maxillipeds arc very similar

throughout the family; typical examples arc

presented in Fig. 2.

Pereopod I is the fourth thoracic appendage or

the first walking leg. In Gynodiastylidae this

appendage ranges in size from less than the

carapace length to more than twice the carapace

length. There are four basic morphologies:

(1) less than the length of the carapace to

slightly longer than the carapace, bearing setae

but without any conspicuous groupings of long

setae, and all distal articles shorter than basis

(simple) (Fig. 2);

(2) longer than the carapace, with a brush of

long setae organised in a tight rank, set into a

pocket on the distal face of the propodus, dacty-

lus half propodus length, usually much less

(propodus brush) (Figs I, 3);

(3) from 1.5 to 2 times carapace length, with

carpus, propodus, and sometimes dactylus longer

than basis, without many long conspicuous setae

on distal half of dactylus (elongate); and

(4) Proportions as in 3, but with many long con¬

spicuous setae on distal half of dactylus

(elongate, with dactylus brush).

Pereopod 2 may have a slender basis, or the

basis may be expanded to as much as 10 times the

width of the other articles. The expansion of the

basis may be more pronounced in the adult male,

but is not a sexually dimorphic character. Pereo-

pods 3, 4 and 5 are very similar in structure,

decreasing in size posteriorly. In a few species,

pereopod 4 bears pronounced lobes, possibly a

sexually dimorphic character.

Pleopods are absent in all males (Fig. 3).

Exopods are present on all males on maxilliped

3, pereopod I and pereopod 2, and dependent on

species may be present on pereopod 3 or both

pereopods 3 and 4. Exopods in females are never

found on maxilliped 3, and may be found in any

of the following combinations:

(1) present and fully developed on pereopods I

and 2, absent on pereopods 3 and 4 (Fig. 2);

(2) present and fully developed on pereopods 1

and 2, present and rudimentary on pereopods 3

and 4;

(3) absent from pereopods 1-4; or

(4) absent from pereopods I and 2, present and

rudimentary on pereopods 3 and 4.

The telson is variable within Gynodiastylidae,

most commonly small but in some species large

and tubular. There may be two terminal setae or

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

none, and in some species the terminal setae of

the adult male are larger than the terminal setae of

the female. Presence of the terminal setae may

be difficult to determine, as in many species the

terminal setae are reduced to minute nubs (Fig. 2).

History’ of study of Gynodiastylidae

During the first half of the twentieth century,

cumaccan taxonomists placed great value on the

morphology of the tclson for defining families

and genera of telson bearing fonns of Cumacea.

In the North Atlantic, where the majority of the

specimens were obtained, the telson is of remark¬

able consistent systematic value. However, out¬

side the North Atlantic basin, tclson morphology

seems to be of less value. As species were

described from all over the world, intermediate

forms were added and it became apparent that

telson size is not a discrete character but instead a

continuously varying character (Day, 1980).

Gynodiastylis Caiman, 1911 originally in¬

cluded four species, three with a brush of setae on

the propodus and one without such a brush. Of

Caiman’s four species, three possess biarticulate

uropod endopods and one a uniarticulate endo-

pod. The species were placed in the same genus,

despite differences in the exopod numbers of

the adult males, percopod 1 morphology, and uro¬

pod endopod article numbers. Caiman (1911)

gave two reasons, the first being overall similarity

of body form and telson, and the second that the

four species were united by the absence of

pleopods in the male and the lack of an exopod on

maxillipcd 3 in the female. At the time, with only

four species known, these features were not

recognised as characteristics of a higher level

grouping.

Herbert Hale added 33 species to the Gynodi-

a.stylidae between 1928 and 1951. In 1946, Hale

wrote the first systematic treatise on the group,

describing 26 new species. Hale (1936, 1946)

recognised four new genera in the group, two on

the basis of pereopod 1 morphology. However,

following the lead of Caiman (1911), that telson

morphology and habitus are important in defining

genera. Hale persisted in grouping together

.species with a brush of long setae on the propodus

of pereopod 1 with species without such a bmsh

in the genus Gynodiastylis. Thus, at the beginning

of the work in hand, the Gynodiastylidae

consisted of 58 species in six genera, with the vast

majority of the species in Gynodiastylis.

Generic characters

Historically, genera in the Gynodiastylidae have

been defined on the basis of antenna 1 morphol-

ogy, pereopod 1 morphology, numbers and states

of exopods in the female (Hale, 1946; Day, 1980),

and to a lesser extent on the basis of habitus and

telson size and shape (Caiman, 1911; Hale, 1946).

There are three forms of antenna 1: a simple

antenna without expansion of the peduncular arti¬

cles; expansion of peduncular articles 1 and 2

without an increase in the length of article 3; and

expansion of peduncular articles 1 and 2 with an

increase in the length of article 3. Four forms of

pereopod 1 have been observed: simple; propodus

brush; elongate without a brush; and elongate

with a bnish on the dactylus. In the female, four

combinations of exopods have been observed:

present on percopods 1 and 2 and rudimentary on

pereopods 3 and 4; present on pereopods 1 and 2

and absent on perepods 3 and 4; absent from

pereopods 1 -4; and absent from pereopods 1 and

2 and rudimentary on pereopods 3 and 4. In the

context of cumacean taxonomy, the percopod 1

morphologies (with the exception of the simple

fonn) are derived, as arc the expanded peduncle

forms of antenna 1. Patterns of exopods on the

female have been used to define not only genera,

but also higher level taxa such as the Bodotriinae.

Exopod patterns in the female are consistent

within cumaccan genera (the sole exception is

Diastylis Say, 1818; but it has been noted that this

genus requires revision (Day, 1980)). As has been

previously remarked, the use of the telson as a

defining character is without value as the telson is

a continuously variable character (Day, 1980).

With 45 new species described, it seems appro¬

priate to rc-evaluate generic definitions within

the Gynodiastylidae, with the goal of defining

genera consistently and in line with the accepted

practices of generic definition within the order.

Two genera, Allodiastylis and Sheardia, are

characterised by expansion of articles 1 and 2

of the peduncle of antenna 1. In the case of

Allodiastylis, it is likely the expansion exists to

accommodate the musculature necessary to move

the long article 3. The expansion in Sheardia is

less obvious, as article 3 is not particularly large,

and therefore the expansion is probably not nec¬

essary to accommodate musculature. However,

both of thc.se genera are currently consistent and

do not require revision.

Gynodiastylis sensu Caiman, 1911 incorpor¬

ated three species with a brush on the propodus of

pereopod 1, and one species with a simple pereo¬

pod 1; the females of all four species

possess exopods on pereopods 1 and 2 only. Hale

(1946) added to the genus species both with and

without the propodus brush, with the rationale

that the habitus and telson were similar, and

Caiman (1911) had not discriminated between

SARAH GERKEN

brush-bearing and non-brush-bearing forms. With

30 new species that would fit Gynodiastylis sensu

Hale, it seems worthwhile to rethink the inclusion

of propodus brush-bearing and non-brush-bearing

species in the same genus. Four species that have

a propodus brush and exopods on pereopods 1^

in the female were removed to the genus Axio-

gynodiaslylis, in order to maintain consistency

within genera in terms of exopod patterns in

the female. Species that possess a simple pereo-

pod I and cxopods on pereopods I and 2 in

the female are removed to Utog}modiastylis.

Additionally, three species with the simple pereo-

pod I and e.xopods on pereopods 1-4 in the

female were removed to Eogynodiastylis,. again in

order to maintain consistency.

The genus Zimmeriana Hale. 1946 is clearly

identifiable on the basis of two features, a brush

of many long setae disposed all about the tip of

the dactylus of percopod I, and the female

entirely without exopods. However, a single

female specimen was obsen'ed, which combines

the dactylus brush on percopod I with the pres¬

ence of rudimentary exopods on pereopods 3 and

4. Despite the fact that erecting a new genus on

the basis of a monotypic species engenders a cer¬

tain amount of uneasiness, in order to maintain

consistency within the generic characters in the

family, this species must be placed in the new

genus Pseudozimmeriami. It is possible that the

single specimen is an aberrant individual.

However, in this case, the cxopods, although tiny,

arc clearly of two articles and bear small

terminal setae as in all other instances in which

nidimcntary cxopods arc present.

Hale's (1946) genus, Dicoides, is defined by an

elongate percopod I without a brush, and with

cxopods on pereopods 1^ in the female. In

the course of this work, two species were en¬

countered with an elongate percopod I. but

exopods only on pereopods 3 and 4 in the female.

These two species are assigned to the new genus

Parcidicoides rather than Dicoides to maintain

consistency.

Within the Gynodiastylidac, there are groups of

genera united by the morphology of percopod

1, with Axiogynodiastylis, Gynodiastylis, and

Haliana forming the Gynodiastylis-group, Lito-

gvnodiastylis, Eog\m)diaslylis, and Dayiis

forming the Lilogynodiaslylis-group, Dicoides

and Paradicoides forming a group, and Zimmeri¬

ana and Pseudozimmeriana fonning a fourth

group. The affinities of Allodiaslylis and Sheardia

arc not clear, as there is no reason to suppose that

Allodiaslylis and Sheardia form a group, and any

affinities with the other groups are unclear.

Functional morphology

The extreme morphology of the first pereopods

in .some genera of gynodiastylids (Dicoides,

Zimmeriana, Gynodiastylis-growYi) has long

been recognised as a probable impediment

to locomotion (Day, 1980), with the level of

impediment directly related to the extremity of

the morphology. The functions of these bizarre

morphologies have never been elucidated, as only

one person has published observations of a living

gynodiastylid (Harada. 1962).

Two species of Gynodiastylis sensu stricto arc

known to constnict tubes. G. tubicola Harada,

1962, and G. tuhifacturex sp. nov. Harada (1962)

observed live animals constructing tubes

in beakers with fine sediment, the only live obser¬

vation of tube building known for a cumacean.

Gynodiastylis tuhifacturex is believed to con¬

struct tubes because several (~8) individuals in

the collections of the Australian Museum are pre¬

served with a tube of mucus surrounding the

body, generally with a few fine grains of sediment

adhered to the mucus. In conjunction with the

obser\'ations of Harada (1962) and the new

species, it is suggested that other species of

Gynodiastylis sensu stricto may also build tubes.

The tubes found around G. tuhifacturex are not

particularly robust, and it is likely that nonnal

sieving procedures, as carried out on box-core

samples, may well remove or destroy such tubes.

The brush of .setae on the propodus of percopod

1 is usually made up of long, microserrate setae.

In some instances, the brush setae are reported as

simple. However, this is probably due to a lack of

rc.solution or magnification when the setae were

examined. The dactylus on this form of percopod

is small and slender, and bears 1 or 2 setae of a

similar length and type to those that make up the

brush. The bases of the brush setae are organised

as a single row, set into a pocket on the anterior-

distal surface of the propodus. When the dactylus

is straightened (pulled up away from the rela.xcd

position, with the tip of the dactylus hanging

down in a subchclale position), the setae of the

brush fan out. The fan of micro.serrate .setae bears

a marked resemblance to known filter feeding

stmetures in tube building amphipods (e.g, Cera-

pus crassicornis Sars, 1900). It is reasonable to

suggest that the Gynodiastylis-group of genera

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

use the brush of setae on the propodus to filter

feed.

The elongate pereopod 1 reaches an extreme

morphology in Dicoicies areolalo and Para-

dicoides megadaclylus, in which pereopod 1 is as

long or longer than the entire body. In D. areolata

pereopod I is heavily calcified and robust, with

few. short setae. Other species of Dicoides have

slightly less extreme morphologies of pereopod I,

with the leg being somewhat shorter and/or less

robust than that seen in D. areolata. However, it

is clear that the large pereopod 1 must impede

locomotion; it cannot be folded out of the way

because the final three articles of the most

extreme fonns are each nearly the length of the

earapace (viz. in Paradicoides megadactylii.s). No

function has been postulated for this form

of pereopod 1 and none is suggested here. Elon¬

gation of pereopod I is not sexually dimorphic,

therefore it is unlikely to be of benefit in attract¬

ing a mate. In some species of Dicoides

(D. micron, D. mimisculus) the dactylus has

many short setae disposed all about the distal

half of the article, and the dactylus bnish of the

Zimmeriana-type species can clearly be derived

by the elongation of these setae.

The dactylus brush found on the Zimmeriana-

type pereopod 1 approaches the volume of the

carapace, and females entirely lack exopods. No

function has been postulated for these brushes,

although it is likely the presence of the brush

impedes locomotion. The setae of the dactylus

brush are simple, are not organised into a fan, and

therefore are not congaicnt with use as a filter

feeding apparatus.

Methods

All 102 taxa were scored into a DELTA (version

4.09, p. v) data matrix with 315 characters (males

and females scored separately, giving a matrix

of 315 by 204) (Dallwitz ct al., 1999). Full

descriptions of all species are available via the

DELTA database, Gynodiastylidac, which can be

accessed at www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs.

Every taxon encountered in this study was

scored for as many of the 315 characters as pos¬

sible. Type material was scored for each species,

primarily from inspection of the literature, but

holotypes were compared with the literature and

rescored if the types were accessible. Some types

arc not deposited in museums and were impos¬

sible to obtain, particularly those from .lapanese

waters.

All available collections (Museum Victoria,

South Australian Museum, Australian Museum)

of unidentified Southern Hemisphere cumaceans

were thoroughly investigated for distributions,

life stages, and new taxa. For many species

numerous specimens were identified and listed in

short form here. Full locality details arc available

from the museums concerned.

New taxa and undcscribed stages of previously

described taxa were dissected, mounted in an 8

parts glycerol/ 2 parts 1{)% ethanol mixture, and

drawn using a camera lucida on a Wild compound

microscope. When sufficient numbers of speci¬

mens were available, new taxa were dissected

completely and all appendages drawn. In the case

of monotypic ta.xa, maxilliped 3-pcreopod 5, tel-

son, uropods, and antenna I were drawn. Antenna

2 of the adult male was always illustrated, even if

the taxon was monotypic. Additional maxillipcds

for some monotypic taxa were illustrated. How¬

ever, maxillipeds 1 and 2 of some monotypic taxa

could not be removed without destroying the

carapace, and preservation of carapace morphol¬

ogy in holotype specimens was considered a very

high priority.

In the following account genera are grouped

according to their affinities, rather than strictly

alphabetically. Species within the genera are

listed alphabetically. All lengths in the written

description arc total body lengths, measured from

the anterior tip of the pseudorostral lobes to the

posterior border of the last pleonite (the telson is

excluded from the total body length). In order

to clearly illustrate carapace details, exopod

setae are not included on full body illus¬

trations. Exopods bear two setae per annu-

lation; for clarity, a single seta per annulation is

illustrated. Scale bars in the figures apply to the

full body figures. Sctal classification and ter¬

minology follow the scheme presented by

Watling(1989).

Museum abbreviations are; Australian

Museum, Sydney (AM), Museum Victoria,

Melbourne (NMV), South Australian Museum,

Adelaide (SAM), National Institute of Water and

Atmosphere, Wellington (NIWA), Zoological

Museum, Berlin (ZMB), Zoological Museum,

Copenhagen (ZMC), The Natural History

Museum, London (BMNH), and US National

Museum of Natural History (USNM).

Gynodiastylidac Stebbing

Gynodiastylidac Stebbing, 1912: 146.—Day,

1980: 194.

SARAH GERKEN

Key to genera of Gynodiastylidae

1 .

2 .

6 .

8 .

10 .

11 .

Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 expanded.2

Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 not expanded.3

Antenna 1 article 3 longer than articles 1 and 2 together. Allodiastylis

Antenna 1 article 3 shorter than articles 1 and 2 together. Sheardia

Pereopod 1 with brush of long setae on the propodus.4

Pereopod 1 without brush entirely or with brush of long setae on dactyl.... 6

Female with exopods on at least pereopods 1 and 2.5

Female entirely without exopods. Haliana

Female with full exopods on pereopods 1 and 2 and rudimentary exopods on

pereopods 3 and 4. Axiogymodiastylis

Female with exopods only on pereopods 1 and 2. Gynodiastylis

Pereopod 1 long (at least twice length of any other pereopod), uropod

exopod broad with many stout setae.7

Pereopod 1 normal (less than twice length of any other pereopod) uropod

exopod slender, with few setae.10

Pereopod 1 with brush of long setae on dactyl.8

Pereopod 1 without brush of long setae on dactyl.9

Female entirely without exopods. Zimmeriana

Female with minute rudimentary exopods on pereopods 3 and 4,

. Pseudozimmeriana

Female with full exopods on pereopods 1 and 2, rudimentary exopods on

pereopods 3 and 4. Dicoides

Female with nidimentary exopods on pereopods 3 and 4, without exopods on

pereopods on 1 and 2. Paradicoides

Female with exopods. 11

Female entirely without exopods. Dayus

Female with full exopods on pereopods 1 and 2 and rudimentary exopods on

pereopods 3 and 4. EogynodiastyUs

Female with full exopods on pereopods 1 and 2, without exopods on

pereopods 3 and 4. Litogynodiastylis

Allodiastylis Hale

Allodiastylis Hale, 1936: 426.

Type species. Allodiastylis cretatus Hale, 1936.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Pseudo¬

rostrum long, slender, distinctly dorsally directed,

with several long setae at tip. Eye lobe short,

broad, without lenses. First antenna long, more

than half length of carapace, first 2 peduncle arti¬

cles expanded (more than twice width of third

article), third peduncle article longer than first 2

articles together. Pereopod I of moderate length,

carpus and propodus subequal. Female entirely

without exopods. Uropod endopod of 2 articles.

Telson at least 1.5 times length of last pleonitc,

usually much longer, tubular, with no post-anal

part, with pair of terminal setae.

Adult male. Pscudorostnim robust and

distinctly ventrally directed. Eye lobe long, very

broad, with several lenses. Antenna 2 with 3-^

article peduncle and 11 article flagellum.

Exopods present on maxilliped 3and pereopods

1^. Telson terminal .setae long.

Distribution. Eastern Australia including

Tasmania, New Zealand; 1-1264 m.

Species. Allodiastylis acanthanasillos sp. nov.,

A. acanthodes sp. nov., A. cretata Hale, 1936,

A. Itiriipes Hale, 1946, A. Johnstoni Hale, 1946,

A. tenuipes Hale, 1946.

Remarks. The sexual dimorphism in the habitus

of the males and females is notable; it may be

difficult to determine the species of a male

Allodiastylis if it is not collected with females.

Key to species of Allodiastylis (females and subadult males)

1. Uropod rami subcqual.2

— Uropod rami unequal (exopod distinctly longer than endopod).3

2. Carapace with spines and setae. a. acanthanasillos

— Carapace with sparse, tiny granules. A. hirtipes

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

3. Carapace with many tricuspid spines or tubercles. A. acanthodes

— Carapace with granules or smooth.4

4. Uropod peduncle shorter than or equal to telson. A. johnstoni

— Uropod peduncle distinctly longer than telson.5

5. Antenna 1 with articles 1 and 2 as deep as long, pereopod 3 longer than

carapace; percopods 1-5 slender. A. lenuipes

— Antenna 1 with articles 1 and 2 longer than deep, pereopod 3 shorter than

carapace, pereopods 1-5 not especially slender .... A. cretala

Note: Adult males are markedly dimorphic, with the pseudorostrum horizontal or ventrally

directed, the eyelobc enlarged, carapace ornamentation diminished, and usually with a marked

ventral horizontal swelling of the carapace to accommodate the enlarged antenna 2. Males arc

known for some but not all species.

AHodiastylis acanthanasillos sp. nov.

Figures 4, 5

Material examined. Holotype. New Zealand. Chat¬

ham Rise, E of South Island, 44°29.89 31.9'S,

178°57.88-179%6.57'W, 1065 m, 7 Sep 1989 (stn

V362 DAB), NIWA H-802 (subadult female).

Diagnosis. Female and stthaduh male. Carapace

bearing many disspersed spines and long setae.

Pseudorostrum without teeth, bearing several

long setae, sharply dorsally directed. Antenna 1

articles I and 2 not dilated. Percopods without

conspicuous long setae. Telson bearing several

spines and many setae, irregularly dispersed,

slightly shorter than uropod peduncles, Uropod

peduncles bearing many setae irregularly dis¬

persed on surface, rami subequal. Adult male.

Unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, acanthus meaning

thorns and anasillos meaning bristling hairs, in

reference to the combination of spines and setae

evident on the carapace and abdomen.

Distribution. E of New Zealand; 1065 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to AHodiastylis

Johnstoni, but the presence of spines and setae

on the carapace of A. acanthanasillos is very

different from the small granules figured on the

carapace of A. Johnstoni by Hale (1946). In

A. Johnstoni the telson is much shorter than

the uropod peduncles, and the uropod exopod

is clearly longer than the endopod. In

A. acanthanasillos the telson is nearly as long as

the uropod peduncles, and the uropod rami arc

subequal.

AHodiastylis acanthodes sp. nov.

Figures 6-9

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., western

Bass Strait, 5 km SW of Bluff Point (40°48.rs,

144°38.0'E), 42 m, bryozoans, M.F. Gomon et al., RV

Hai Kung, 2 Feb 1981 (stn BSS 126), NMV J48137

(ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas., western Bass Strait, 5 km

SW of Bluff Point (4()°48.rs, I44°38.0’E). 42 m, bry¬

ozoans, M.F. Gomon et al., RV Hai Kung, 2 Feb 1981

(stn BSS 126), NMV J48138 (3 ovigerous females, 8

subadult females, 3 subadult males); J48273 (I subadult

female dissected); J48287 (1 adult female dissected), 48

km ENEofCapeTourville(42“0().25'S, I48°43.55’E),

1264-1130 m, gravel with lumps of sandy mud aggre¬

gate, WHOI epibenthic sled, G.C.B. Poore et al., RV

Franklin, 30 Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 81), NMV J48142

(2 ovigerous females, 7 subadult females, 2 adult males;

348272 (I adult male dissected).

Other material. Australia. Tas.. Ba.ss Strait, 34-42°S,

148-1 SUE, 51 females, 10 males: NMV J48139;

J48140; J48141; J48143; J48144; J48145.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

with many spines and tricuspid tubercles.

Pseudorostrum with teeth on dorsal and ventral

margins, bearing several long setae. Antenna 1

articles 1 and 2 not dilated. Pereopods without

conspicuous long setae. Telson lateral margins

produced as several stout teeth proximally,

slightly shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod

exopod longer than uropod endopod. Adult male.

Carapace smooth, with a single ventrolateral

ridge, antennal notch distinct. Pseudorostnim

without teeth, slightly dorsally directed. Telson

with no ornamentation, shorter than uropod

peduncles. Relative proportion of uropod rami

unknown, broken on all specimens.

Etymology. From Greek, acanthus meaning thorns

or spines, in reference to the spines covering the

body.

Distribution. Tas., Bass Strait; 42-1277 m.

Remarks. This species is a typical AHodiastylis

except that in the adult male the pseudorostral

lobes arc slightly dorsally directed (in the female

they are directed sharply dorsally). but clearly not

ventrally directed. The adult male otherwise does

not resemble the females; but it was found in the

SARAH GERKEN

same sample with ovigcrous and pre-ovigerous

females, and it is more similar to the females than

in the other Allodiastylis species.

Allodiastylis crelata Hale

Figure 10

Allodiastylis cretatus Hale, 1936: 426-429, figs

16-17.—Hale, 1937: 72-73, fig. 8.—Hale, 1946: 429.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, Gulf

St Vincent, Sel licks Reef, on stones, SAM C20I9

(female),

Paratype. Australia, SA, Gulf of St Vincent, Sellicks

Reef, on stones, SAM C2020 (juvenile male).

Other material, Australia, Tas,, 48 km ENE ot Cape

Tourville (42m25'S, I48“43.55'E), 1264-1130 m,

gravel with lumps of sandy mud aggregate, WHOI

epibenthic sled, G.C,B. Poore ct al„ RV Franklin, 30

Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 81), NMV J47800 (21 subadult

females).

Diagnosis. Female and subadidt male. Carapace

with pair of dorsolateral ridges, terminating in

anterior dorsal prominence with several spines,

Pscudorostrum ventral margin with teeth, bearing

several long setae. Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 not

dilated, Percopods without conspicuous long

setae, Telson without setae or teeth, equal to uro-

pod peduncle, Uropod exopod longer than endo-

pod. Adult male. Carapace with pair of dorsolat¬

eral ridges and pair of ventrolateral ridges.

Pscudoro.strum without teeth, bearing several

long setae, sharply vcntrally directed. Telson

without lateral ornamentation, shorter than

uropod peduncles.

Distribution. Tas., SA; 0-1264 m.

Remarks. Hale’s (1936) description of the adult

female is of an aberrant individual, similar to a

male, with the pseudorostral lobes horizontal.

According to Hale (1937), the nonrial state of

the pseudorostral lobes in the female is sharply

dorsally directed.

Allodiastylis hirtipes Hale

Figure 11

Allodiastylis hirtipes Hale, 1946: 429-431, figs

51-52.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, 4 mi.

off Eden. 70 ra. SAM C27I9 (ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, NSW,

34-43°S, 144-I51°E: 20 females, 9 males, 3 undeter¬

mined, NMV 347802; 347807; 347806; 347801; 347803;

347805; 347804; AM P55751; P56103; P60977;

P55787; P61025; P5620(); P61024; P55777.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

covered with sparse, tiny granules. P.seudo-

rostrum with teeth ventrally, bearing several

long setae. Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 not dilated.

Percopods 1-5 with conspicuous long setae on

basis. Telson lateral margins with many strong

teeth, shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod

rami subcqual in length./((/»// h/u/c. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 10-466 m.

Remarks. The conspicuous long setae on the

percopods di.stinguish this species from all other

Allodiastylis. The long setae arc frequently fouled

with mucus, as is the carapace.

Allodiastylis johnstoni Hale

Figure 12

Allodiastylis johnstoni Hale, 1946; 432-435, figs

53-54.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, Sydney

Harbor, Vaucluse, stones, SAM C2135 (female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait. NSW,

WA, 28^2°S, 114-151 °E; 355 females. 83 males, 102

undetermined. NMV numerous registrations. AM

P6I0I7; P60990.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

with pair of dorsolateral ridges, bearing tiny gran¬

ules or reticulations. Pscudorostrum with ventral

teeth, bearing several long .setae. Antenna 1 arti¬

cles 1 and 2 not dilated. Percopods without con¬

spicuous long .setae. TeLson without lateral onia-

mentation, longer than uropod peduncles. Uropod

exopod longer than uropod endopod. Adult male.

Carapace with pair of dorsolateral ridges and pair

of ventrolateral ridges. Pseudorostnim vcntrally

directed, without teeth, bearing several short

setae. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles.

Distribution. Southern Australia; 1-996 m.

Remarks. Hale (1946), described this species as

“closely allied” to Allodiastylis crelata. However,

in the female of A. crelata the telson is clearly

shorter than the uropod peduncles and the dorso¬

lateral ridges arc more distinct and terminate in a

prominence with spines. Another similar species

is 4. hirtipes. However, as in A. crelata the telson

of the female is clearly shorter than the uropod

peduncles, and dorsolateral ridges arc not present

on the carapace. In A. johnstoni, there are a few

moderate setae present on the basis of the perco¬

pods, similar to the situation in A. hirtipes but

both the number of setae and the length of the

setae arc much less in A. Johnstoni.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Allodiastylis tenuipes Hale

Figure 13

Allodiastylis tenuipes Hale, 1946: 435-437, figs

55-56.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW,

Ulladulla, Brush I., 45 fm (82 m), SAM CllQl (oviger-

ous female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, 34-42°S,

143-151“E: 22 females, 5 males. NMV J47849;

J47850; J47851; J47852; J47853; J47854; J47855;

J47856;J47857.

Diagnosis. Female and .suhadiill male. Carapace

coarsely granulate. Pseudorostrum with weak

teeth ventrally, bearing several setae of moderate

length. Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 dilated. Pereo-

pods with a few moderately long setae. Telson

produced as few teeth proximally, shorter than

uropod peduncles. Uropod exopod longer than

endopod. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 17-1119 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Allodiastylis

acanthodes but the telson is much shorter, articles

1 and 2 of the first antenna are distinctly dilated,

and the first antenna accessory flagellum is mueh

longer, being as long as the first article of the

main fiagellum. In comparison, the accessory

fiagellum of .4. acanthodes is minute, much less

than half the length of the main flagellum.

Dayus gen. nov.

Type species. Dayus pharocheradus sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadidt male. Pseudo-

rostral lobes horizontal or weakly directed dor-

sally or ventrally. Carapace with tumidities and

teeth or ridges. Eye lobe present, without lenses.

Antenna 1 small to moderate. Pereopod 1 simple,

slender. Female entirely without exopods. Uro¬

pod endopod of 2 articles. Telson between 0.5-1

length of pleonite 6, with pair of temiinal setae.

Adult male. Eye lobe with lenses. Antenna 2 with

peduncle of 4 articles, flagellum of 10-11 arti¬

cles. Exopods present on maxilliped 3, pereopods

1^.

Etymology. The genus is named for Jennifer Day,

in recognition of her work on the family Gynodi-

astylidae, and in particular her recognition of the

Gynodiastylidae as a family-level taxon.

Distribution. Tas. to northern WA; 1-520 m.

Species. Dayus acanthus sp. nov., D. makrokolo-

.sus sp. nov., D. pharocheradus sp. nov.

Remarks. The genus is very similar to Litogyn-

odiastylis, but there is a complete absence of

exopods on the female.

Key to species of Dayus

1. Carapace with spines at least on both margins of pseudorostral lobes, and

variously present elsewhere on the carapace.D. acanthus

— Carapace without spines, although fine granulations or tubercles may be

present.2

2. Uropod exopod shorter than endopod, entire animal frequently covered in

thick mucus with clean grains of sand embedded in the mucus.

. D. pharocheradus

— Uropod exopod longer than or equal to endopod, pereopods long and slender

. D. makrokolosus

Dayus acanthus sp. nov.

Figures 14-16

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central

Bass Strait, 65 km S of Cape Schanck (39“08.3'S,

144°43.9'E), 66 m, coarse sand, WHOI epibenthic sled,

R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 201

S), NMV J4545I (ovigerous female).

Paraiypes. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait. 25 km

S of Aireys Inlet (38'’44.6'S, 144‘'09.()'E). 77 m. fine

sand. WHOI epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV

Tangaroa, 19 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 182 S), NMV J45453

(1 ovigerous female, 1 subadult female); J45454

(1 ovigerous female); central Bass Strait, 38 km SW of

Cape Paterson (38°55.5’S, 145°I7.0'E), 70 m, fine

sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa. 12 Nov 1981 (stn

BSS 155), NMV J45455 (1 ovigerous female in poor

condition); central Bass Strait, 65 km S of Cape

Schanck (39“08.3'S, 144“43.9’E), 66 m. coarse sand,

WHOI epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 23

Nov 1981 (stn BSS 201 S), NMV .145452 (1 adult

male); western Bass Strait, 30 km SSW of Warr-

nambool (38°38.2'S, I42°35.0'E). 59 m, Smith-

Mclntyrc grab, R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 20 Nov

1981 (stn BSS 188 G). NMV J45468 (1 ovigerous

female).

SARAH GERKEN

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, NSW,

34^0‘’S. 143-151°E; 41 females, 12 males. NMV

J48007; J48008; J48009; J29941; J29940; J29942;

J29953: J29945; J29950: J29957; AM P55733; P55804.

Diagnosis. Female and siihadult male. Carapace

with many stout spines. Pseudorostrum with dor¬

sal and ventral spines. Pereopods normal. Eyelobe

with pair of dorsal teeth. Telson 0.5 times uropod

peduncle length. Uropod rami subequal. Adull

male. As in female, except pereopods with spines

on the basis. Exopods present on maxilliped 3 and

pereopods 1-4. Telson 0.4 times uropod peduncle

length.

Etymology. From Greek, acanthus meaning

thorny, in reference to the abundance of spines on

the carapace.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 1-84 m.

Remarks. This species is the only species of

Dayus in which the carapace is signiftcantly orna¬

mented; the ornamentation is much greater in

the male, but spines are clearly visible along the

margins of the pseudorostral lobes in the

females. Also, this species is rather smaller than

D. pharocheradus.

Dayus makrokolosus sp. nov.

Figures 17-20

Material e.xamined. Holotypc. Australia. WA, North-

we.st Shelf, between Pori Hedland and Dampier

(19°5'S. II7“26'E). 120 m. muddy sand, WHOI

epibenthic sled. G.C.B. Poore and H.M, Lew Ton, RV

Soela. 12 Jun 1983 (stn NWA 52), NMV J45456

(ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. WA, North Lumps, 2 km off

Mullaloo (31°47.30'S. 115'’42.80'E), 6 m, red algal turf

on top of reef, SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew

Ton. 2 May 1986 (stn SWA 107), NMV J45464 (2

subadult females); WA, Northwest Shelf, between Port

Hedland and Dampier (I9°5'S. II7°26'F.), 120 m.

muddy sand. WHOI epibenthic sled. G.C.B. Poore and

H.M. Lew Ton, RV Soela. 12 Jun 1983 (stn NWA 52),

NMV J45457 (5 subadult male.s); J45459 (14 females);

J45458 (I subadult male); J45460 (1 ovigerous female);

J45462 (1 .adult male (damaged)); J4546I (1 iTvigerotis

female). SA. 1 iparra Bay, Tiparra Reef West ground,

2.3 nm. W of Tiparra Light (34°4'S, I37“23’E).

10 m. ascidians with red and green algae. SCUBA.

G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton. 15 Mar 1985 (stn

SA 11), NMV J45463 (1 subadult female, I subadult

male).

Other material. Australia. Bttss Strait. 38-40°S

145-147°E: 3 females. NMV J48010; J29954.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

without spine.s. Pseudorostrum without teeth.

Eyelobe without teeth. Pereopods long and

slender. Telson 0.3 times uropod peduncle length.

Uropod exopod slightly longer than uropod endo-

pod. Adult male. As in female, except carapace

with ventrolateral swelling. Telson and uropods

unknown, dissected specimen broken.

Etymology. From Greek, macrokolos meaning

long legged.

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 6-66 m.

Remarks. This species is much smaller than

Dayus pharocheradus. The carapace is smooth,

although the male exhibits some swelling, which

differentiates this species from D. acanthus.

Dayus pharocheradus sp. nov.

Figures 21-24

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. SA, Tiparra

Bay, Tiparra Reef (34°4 S. 137°23'E), II m, algae on

sponges and ascidian.s. SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and

H.M. Lew Ton, 15 Mar 1985 (stn SA 18). NMV J45443

(ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Au.stralia. SA, Tiparra Bay, Tiparra Reef

(34°4'S, I37‘’23 E), 11 m. sand, shell fragments and

■seagrass. SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 15

Mar 1985 (stn SA 19), NMV J45445 (2 subadult

females); Vic., central Bass Strait, 100 km SSE of Cape

Liptrap (39'=45.9’S, I45°33.3'E), 74 m, muddy Hue

sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangarna. 13 Nov 1981 (stn

BSS 156), NMV J48265 (I);. central Bass Strait, 60 km

SW of Cape Schanck (39‘'00.2 S, I44°33.9'E), 74 m,

sandy shell, WHOI epibenthic sled, R.S. WiLson, RV

Tangaroa. 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 202 S), NMV J45447

(1 subadult male); eastern Bass Strait. 43 km SE of Port

Albert (38'’53.7'S, 147°06.5'E), 58 m. coarse shell,

WHOI epibenthic sled. R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa. 18

Nov 1981 (stn BSS 177 S), NMV J45446 (I subadiilt

male); eastern Bass Strait, 8 km S of South East Point,

Wilsons Promontory (39°12.9'S, I46°27.3'E). 65 m.

medium sand, WHOI epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson. RV

Tangaroa, 18 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 180 S). NMV J45444

(I subadult female); WA. Northwest Shelf, bctw'cen

Port Hedland and Dampier (I9“37 S, I I8‘’53’E), 30 m.

coarse shell, WHOI epibenthic sled, G.C.B. Poore and

H.M. Lew Ton. Soela. RV, 3 Jun 1983 (stn NWA 14),

NMV .145448 (1 sub.idult male); SA, Tiparra Bay,

Tiparra Reef We.st ground, 2.3 nm. W of Tiparra Light

(3W'S, I37°23'E). 10 m. sponge, red and green algae,

SCUBA. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 15 Mar

1985 (stn SA 6). NMV J45450 (I ovigerous female);

SA. Tipamt Light, Tiparra Bay, Tiparra Reef (34°4’S,

137°23'E), 5 m, Zostera and coarse mbbic. SCUBA,

G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton. 15 Mar 1985 (stn SA

17), NMV J45449 (1 subadult male).

Other material. Au.stralia. Tas., Bass Strait, SA,

34^2°S, 137-15TE: 46 females, 5 males. NMV

J48011; J480I2; J480I3; J48014; J48015; J480I6;

J48017; J48018; J48019; J48020; 48021; J29948;

J48022; J29949.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Diagnosis. Female and suhadidl male. Carapace

covered in strong, blunt tubercles. Pseudorostrum

without teeth. Eyelobe without teeth. Pcreopods

of moderate length, not markedly slender. Tclson

0.5 times uropod peduncle length. Uropod exo¬

pod shorter than uropod endopod. Adull male.

Carapace with few to no tubercles, distinct vetro-

lateral swelling. Eyelobe with lenses. Telson 0.4

times uropod peduncle length. Uropod exopod

shorter than uropod endopod.

Etymology’. From Greek, pharos meaning cloak

and cheradus meaning gravel, debris, or mud, in

reference to the thick coat of mucus adhering to

the species, frequently with large (relative to the

organism) grains of sand also adhered.

Distribution. Bass Strait to northern WA; 5-520 m.

Remarks. Davits pharoclieradus is larger than the

other two species of Davits, and the uropod exo¬

pod being shorter than the uropod endopod serves

to clearly distinguish the species from both

D. acanthus and D. makrokolosits. In many cases,

specimens were observed coated in mucus to

which clean sand grains were strongly adhered.

Eogynodiastylis gen. nov.

Type species. Gynodiastylis laciniacristatus

Gcrken and Gross, 2000.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Pseu¬

dorostrum approximately horizontal, may be

weakly dorsally or ventrally directed. Carapace

complex, with combinations of ridges, tuber¬

cles, tumidities. First antenna small to moderate.

Eye lobe small, without lenses. Pereopod 1

simple, relatively short, fully developed exo¬

pods present on pcreopods 1 and 2, rudi¬

mentary exopods present on pereopods 3 and 4 in

the female. Uropod endopod of 1 or 2 articles.

Telson subequal to last pleonite, with or with¬

out a small post-anal part, with or without pair

of terminal setae. Adult male, unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, eos meaning dawn, in

accordance with the supposition that this is

among the first gynodiastylid genera to evolve, in

combination with Gynodiastylis.

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 18-95 m.

Species. Eogynodiastylis aganaktikos sp. nov.,

E. laciniacristata (Gcrken and Gross, 2000),

E. paeniinosa sp. nov.

Remarks. The exopods are rudimentary, and

may be difficult to see without a compound

microscope, particularly if the animals are

decalcified.

Key to species of Eogynodiastylis

1. Uropod endopod uniarticulate. E. aganaktikos

— Uropod endopod biarticulate.2

2. Pereopod 4 ischium produced as large lobe. E. laciniacristata

Pereopod 4 ischium without lobe

Eogynodiastylis aganaktikos sp. nov.

Figures 25-26

Material e.xamined. Ilolotype. Australia. Vic., central

Bass Strait, 60 km SW of Cape Schanck (39°()0.2’S,

I44°33.9'E), 74 m, sandy shell, WHOl epibenthic sled,

R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (.stn BSS 202

S), NMV J47971 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 60 km

SW of Cape Schanck (39'’00.2'S, 144°33.9’E), 74 m,

sandy shell, WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV

Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 202 S), NMV J45711

(1 ovigerous female); NMV J457I2 (1 subadult

female); J47970 (1). Tas., Southern Ocean, 15 km E of

Cape Connella (43°24.6 S, 147°32.5'E), 82 m, WHOl

epibenthic .sled, R.S. Wilson. RV Soda, 22 Oct 1984

(stn S05/84 64), NMV .147967 (8), eastern Bass Strait,

15.3 km ESE of eastern edge of Lake Tyers

(37‘’53.39'S, 148°15.40'E), 43 m, coarse sand, Smith-

Mclntyre grab, N. Coleman, RV Sarda, Feb 1991 (stn

MSL-EG 97), NMV J27407; eastern Bass Strait, 15.3

E. paeminosa

km ESE of eastern edge of Lake Tyers (37°53.39'S,

148°15.40'E), 43 m, coarse sand, Smith-McIntyre grab,

N. Coleman. RV Sarda, Feb 1991 (stn MSL-EG 98),

NMV .127408 (10).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, NSW,

34^0°S, 144-151°E: 18 females, 2 males. NMV

J47964; J47965; J47966; J27406; J274I3; J27411;

J47968; J47969: J27769: J27409; J27410; J27412; AM

P55799; P61039.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

with a sharp ridge sweeping from the antcroven-

tral comer dorsally, multiple sharp ridges anterior

of the .sweeping ridge, single incomplete sharp

ridge ventrally posterior of the .sweeping ridge.

Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 with several strong

teeth. Telson longer than uropod peduncles, lat¬

eral margins falcate (with single pair of very

strong teeth). Uropod endopod uniarticulate.

Adult male. Unknown.

SARAH GERKEN

Etymology’. From Greek, aganaktikos, meaning

fretful. The pattern of ridges on the anterior part

of the carapace presents a furrowed brow, or a

look of fretfulness.

Distribution. NSW, Tas., Bass Strait; 18-82 m.

Remarks. This species is recognizable from the

carapace morphology, and can be easily differ¬

entiated from the other species of Eogymodia-

.'itylis as E. aganaktikos is the only species with a

uniarticulate uropod endopod.

Eogyiwdiastylis ladniacristata (Gerken and

Gross) comb. nov.

Figure 27

Gynodiastviis laciniacristatus Gerken and Gross.

2000: 95-103, figs 1-5.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., western

Bass Strait. 10 km W of Cape Otway. (39°49.0'S,

143°24.0’E), 56 m. fine sand, WHOl epibenthic sled,

R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 20 Nov 1981 (.stn BSS 184

S), NMV J45433 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., western Bass Strait, 10 km

W of Cape Otway, (39°49.0'S. 143'‘24.0 E), 56 m. fine

sand. WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson. RV Tan¬

garoa. 20 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 184 S), NMV J45436 (I

ovigerous female, 1 subadult female); J45434 (I

ovigerous female); Tas.. central Bass Strait. 20 km

NNE of Bold Head. King 1., (40“0O.O S. 144“20.9'E),

48 m, coarse .sand, Smith-Mclntyrc grab, R.S. Wilson.

RV Tangaroa, 22 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 200 G), NMV

J45438 (1 ovigerous female); central Bass Strait, 35 km

N of Cape Wickham. King 1., (39°13.6 S. 143“55.6 E).

85 m. fine sand, WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson.

RV Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 205 S), NMV

J45440 (I subadult female); central Bass Strait. 60 km

SW of Cape Schanck, (39'’00.2'S, I44°33.9'C), 74 m,

sandy shell, WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson. RV

Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (.stn BSS 202 S), NMV J45439

(1 ovigerous female); western Bass Strait. 30 km SSW

of Watrnambool. (38°38.2'S, I42°35.0'E), 59 m.

WHOl epibenthic sled. R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 20

Nov 1981 (stn BSS 188 S), NMV J45435 (I ovigerous

female); western Bass Strait, 44 km SW of Cape Otway

(39'’06.3'S, 142'’55.6'E), 81 m. medium sand, R.S.

Wilson et al., RV Tangaroa, 21 Nov 1981 (stn BSS

192). NMV J45437 (1 ovigerous female); WA. North¬

west Shelf, between Port Hedland and Dampier

(20'’1 S, I17°ll E), 48 m, crinoids and sandy shell.

WHOl epibenthic sled. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew

Ton, RV Soela. II Jun 1983 (stn NWA 48). NMV

J4544I (1 subadult female, damaged); WA, Northwest

Shelf, between Port Hedland and Dampier (19'’38 S,

llS^b E), 49 m, shelly sand, WHOl epibenthic sled.

G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, RV Soeia, 13 Jun

1983 (stn NWA 56), NMV J45442 (I subadult female).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, .JO^S,

I34-144°E: 6 females. NMV J48040; J48041.

Diagnosis. Female and .subadult male. Carapace

with a sharp ridge sweeping from the anteroven-

tral corner dorsally, with a sharp prominence

anterodorsal of sweeping ridge. Antenna I arti¬

cles I and 2 with several teeth. Telson longer than

uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth. Uro¬

pod endopod biarticulate, longer than exopod.

Adult male. Unknown

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 11-100 m.

Remarks. The lobe oti the ischium of pereopod 4

is diagnostic and easily visible, unless broken off.

There is another species, Gynodiastviis mega-

siphon, that has paired lobes on the tnerus and

basis, in addition to a lobe on the i.schium of perc-

opod 4. However, the first pereopods of C.

megasiphon are brush bearing, and the carapace

morphologies arc very different. Thus, E. lacini-

acristata and G. megasiphon should be easily

differentiated.

Eogynodiastylis paeminosa sp. nov.

Figures 28-30

Material e.vamined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central

Bass Strait, 65 km S of Cape Schanck, (39°08.3'S,

I44'’43.9 E), 66 m, coarse sand, WHOl epibenthic sled,

R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa. 23 Nov 1981 (sin BSS 201

S). NMV J47973 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 65 km

S of Cape Schanck, (39‘‘()8.3 S. I44'’43.9'E), 66 m,

coarse sand, WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV

Tangaroa. 23 Nov 1981 (.stn BSS 201 S), NMV .147976

(Iovigerous female dissected); western Bass Strait, 25

km S of Cape Otway (39°06.0'S, 143°35.8'E). 95 m,

fine sand, 95% carbonate, WHOl epibenthic sled, M.F.

Gomon el al., RV HaiKimg.3\ Jan 1981 (stn BSS 118

S), NMV J47974 (I subadull male di.ssected); western

Bass Strait, 26 km SW of Cape Ouvay (39°0L0'S,

I43°22.l E), 84 m, medium sand, M.F. Gomon ct al.,

RV Hai Kimg. 31 Jan 1981 (.stn BSS 120), NMV

J47972 (3 subadult males).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, 39''S,

I34-I44°E: 3 females. NMV J47975; J47977.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

with a .shaqt ridge .sweeping from the anteroven-

tral comer dorsally, distinct anterodorsal promi¬

nence produced as multiple teeth, anterior of the

sweeping ridge. Antenna 1 articles 1 with single

strong tooth. Telson longer than uropod pedun¬

cles, lateral margins serrate. Uropod endopod

biarticulate. Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, paeminosa meaning

rough or uneven, in reference to the carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait, southern Australia;

66-95 m.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Remarks. The female of E. paeminosa bears tiny

exopods on pereopods 3 and 4, much smaller than

the exopods present on pereopods 3 and 4 of E.

agaiiaklikos and E. laciniacristata. Also, the

percopod 4 ischium is not produced as a distinct

large lobe.

Litogynodiastylis gen. nov.

Gynodiastylis. —Caiman, 1911: 371-372.

Type species. Gynodiastylis laevis Caiman, 1911.

Diagnosis. Female and suhaduU male. Pseudo-

rostral lobes horizontal or weakly directed dor-

sally or vcntrally. Carapace smooth or complex,

with ridges, tubercles, tumidities. Eye lobe with

or without lenses. First antenna small to moder¬

ate. Percopod I simple, relatively short. Female

with fully developed exopods on pereopods 1 and

2, pereopods 3 and 4 without exopods. Uropod

endopod of 1, 2, or 3 articles. Tclson 0.5-2 times

length of last plconitc, with or without post-anal

part, with or without tenninal setae. Adult male.

Eye lobe with or without lenses, frequently with

more lenses than female. Antenna 2 peduncle of

3-4 articles, flagellum of 10-12 articles. Exopods

present on maxilliped 3 and pereopods 1 and 2,

pereopods 1-3, or pereopods 1^. Uropod

endopod of 1, 2, or 3 articles; number of articles

may be less than in female.

Etymology. From Greek lito meaning simple or

plain, in reference to the unmodified percopod 1,

in combination with Gynodiastylis.

Distribution. Australia, Tasmania; 1-400 m.

Species. Litogynodiastylis alata, L. amhigua

(Hale, 1946), L. attenuata (Hale, 1946), L. hre-

vipes (Hale, 1946), L. caperata sp. nov., L. char-

adra sp. nov., L. concava (Hale, 1946), L. crena-

globa sp. nov., L. echinata (Hale, 1946),

L. gongyla sp. nov., L. inepta (Hale, 1946), L. lae¬

vis (Caiman, 1911), L. lewtonae sp. nov.,

L. lumacaudata sp. nov., L margarita (Hale,

1946), L. microornata sp. nov., L. munda (Hale,

1951T L. mutabilis (Hale, 1946), L. ornata (Hale,

1946), L. poorei sp. nov., L. pseudomargarita sp.

nov., L quadricristata (Hale, 1946), L. ro.scida

(Hale, 1946), L. serrata sp. nov., L. trachypltasis

sp. nov., L. tumida (Hale, 1937), L. turgida (Hale,

1946), Z,. vicaria (Hale, 1951).

Remarks. TItis genus is separable from Gynodi-

a.stylis, Axiogynodiastylis, and Haliana by the

unmodified percopod 1, and from the similar

genus Eogymodiastylis by the lack of rudimentary

exopods on pereopods 3 and 4 in the female.

Key to species of Litogynodiastylis

1. Carapace smooth.2

— Carapace with spines, tubercles, ridges or tumidities.4

2. Telson with serrate lateral margins, with 1 pair lateral setae and 1 pair

terminal setae. L. ambigua

— Telson unarmed, lateral margins entire.3

3. Uropod endopod uniarticulatc, male with exopods on pereopods 1 and 2 only

. L. laevis

— Uropod endopod biarticulate, male with exopods on pereopods 1-3

. L. attenuata

4. Sides of carapace closely beset with spines, without ridges. L. echinata

— Sides of carapace without spines, or if spines present, ridges also present.. 5

5. Carapace covered with tubercles.6

— Carapace with few or no tubercles.7

6. Carapace with tubercles but no lateral ridges. L. roscida

— Carapace with tubercles and lateral ridge curving up to meet dorsal ridges

. L. poorei

1. Each side of carapace with well defined ridge, curving up from antennal

angle to meet a dorsolateral ridge.8

— Without entire ridge, although a partial ridge may be present.11

8. Carapace strongly decorated with many heavy ridges and tubercles.

. L. traebyphasis

— Carapace with reticulations or tubercles, without heavy lateral ridges.9

9. Telson with at least 1 pair lateral teeth, and in adult apex pointed and

projecting for short distance beyond bases of pair of subtenninal setae.

Uropod endopod uniarticulatc in both male and female. L. mutabilis

SARAH GERKEN

10 .

11 .

12 .

13.

14.

16.

17 .

18.

19.

20 .

21 .

22 .

23.

24.

25.

Telson with lateral margins entire, apex with 1 pair small setae. Uropod

endopod biarticulate in both male and female.10

Male with exopods on pereopods 1 and 2, adults of both sexes 2.5-3.5 mm

. L. microornata

Male with exopods on pereopods 1—4, adults of both sexes 4—5 mm

. L. ornata

Carapace with 2 pairs of dorsal ridges.12

Carapace with 1 pair or no dorsal ridges.13

Dorsal ridges connected by short transverse ridge at midpoint. Carapace

without setae. L. quadricristata

Dorsal ridges unconnected. Carapace covered with clusters of tiny hairlike

setae. L. gongyla

Carapace with 2 parallel rows of dorsal teeth. L. serrata

Carapace without rows of dorsal teeth.14

Carapace with incomplete, weak lateral ridge, beginning at antennal angle.

Eyelobe with pair of spines. Telson lateral margins incised to form 1 large

tooth on each side. L. brevipes

Carapace without incomplete, weak lateral ridge.15

Carapace with 2 incomplete dorsal rows of heavy tubercles or blunt teeth and

single ventral lateral incomplete row of tubercles. L. crenagloha

Carapace without rows of tubercles. 16

Carapace with many lateral complete and incomplete ridges. L. tiirgida

Carapace without lateral complete ridges, with tumidities or swellings.17

Carapace antcrodorsal portion of frontal lobe produced as point. Telson

margins serrate. Telson longer than uropod peduncles. L. lumacaudata

Antcrodorsal portion of frontal lobe not produced as point.18

Female with inarticulate uropod endopod (male with biarticulate endopod)...

. 19

Female with biarticulate uropod endopod (male with biarticulate or

unknown). 21

Carapace with 3 or more lateral projections on each side. Telson without

lateral setae. L. tumida

Carapace with 2 lateral projections on each side.20

Posterior dorsolateral swelling of carapace 0.5 carapace length. Telson

longer than uropod peduncles; lateral margins strongly serrate, (male telson

shorter than peduncles, lateral margins smooth). L alata

Posterior dorsolateral swelling of carapace less than 0.3 carapace length.

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles; lateral margins weakly serrate.

... L caperata

Pereopod 2 with basis longer than all remaining articles together.22

Pereopod 2 basis shorter than all remaining articles together.23

Carapace with deeply concave sides. Uropod exopod shorter than endopod...

.. L. concava

Carapace with weakly concave sides. Uropod exopod subcqual to endopod

. L pseudomargarita

Telson longer than or equal to uropod peduncles (male with exopods on

pereopods 1-3)... L. lewtnme

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles (male with exopods on pereopods 1^

where known).24

Carapace with distinct dorsal ridges bounding deep dorsal depression.

. L charadra

Carapace with no dorsal depression.25

Antenna I not extending past tips of pseudorostral lobes; article 1 expanded

. L. munda

Antenna 1 extending past tips of pseudorostral lobes; article 1 not expanded..

.26

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

26. Carapace with lateral depre.ssion.27

— Carapace with sides an unbroken curve. L. margarila

27. Telson less then half length of uropod peduncles. Pereopod 2 basis 3 or more

times width of ischium. L- inepta

— Telson more than half length of uropod peduncles. Pereopod 2 basis twice

width of ischium. L. vicaria

Litogynodiastylis alata sp. nov.

Figures 31-35

Material examined. Holotype. Australia, Tas., Maria 1.

5 km NE of Mistaken Cape (42“37.00'S, 148°12.50'E),

100 ni, fine muddy bryozoa, WIIOl cpibenthic sled,

R.S. Wilson, RV Challenger, 23 Apr 1985 (stn TAS

31), NMV J48097 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas. 15 km E of Maria 1.,

(42°37'S, 148°20'E). 102 m, WHOl epibenthic sled,

R.S. Wilson, RV Soela, 9 Get 1984 (stn S05/84 01),

NMV J48275 (1 adult mate dissected); NMV J48276 (1

subadult female dissected); NMV J48095 (4 subadult

females, 1 subadult male), Vic., Central Bass Strait, 38

km SW of Cape Paterson, (38°55.5'S, 145°17.0'E), 70

m. fine sand, R.S. Wilson, R.V. Tangaroa, 12 Nov

1981 (stn BSS 155), NMV J48096 (2).

Diagnosis. Female and suhaduit male. Carapace

with distinct posterior dorsolateral prominences,

and a distinct ventrolateral swelling. Pseudo¬

rostrum with one pair ill-defined dorsal carinae.

Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2 dactylus

covered in fine hairlike setae. Telson longer than

uropod peduncles, lateral margins serrate, bearing

1 pair stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout terminal

setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate, longer than

exopod. Terminal setae of uropod rami unknown,

broken. Adult male. Carapace as in female, except

pseudorostrum without dorsal carinae. Eyelobe

with lenses. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike

.setae. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-pcreopod

2. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral

margins with few to no teeth, not obviously ser¬

rate, setae as in females. Uropod endopod biartic-

ulate, longer than exopod. Uropod endopod ter¬

minal seta unknown, broken; exopod tenninal

seta simple.

Etymology. From Latin, alalus meaning winged,

in reference to the large dorsal wings on the

carapace.

Distribution. Eastern Tas., Ba.ss Strait; 70-102 m.

Remarks. This species is superficially similar to

Litogynodiastylis caperata, particularly in the

carapace morphology but the posterior dorsolat¬

eral swellings arc approximately half the carapace

length in L. alata, while the posterior dorsolateral

swellings in L. caperata are less than one third the

carapace length. Also, in L. alata the telson in

the female is distinctly longer than the uropod

peduncles, while in L. caperata the telson in the

female is distinctly shorter than the uropod

peduncles.

Litogynodiastylis ambigua (Hale) comb. nov.

Figures 36-37

Gynodiastylis ambigua Hale, 1946: 387-392, figs

21-23.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia.NSW,

Jibbon Station, 70 m. SAM C2674 (type A, ovigerous

female).

Paratypes. Australia. NSW, Jibbon Station, 70 m,

SAM C2673 (type A, female); C2676 (type B, oviger¬

ous female); C2677 (type B, ovigerous female); C2693,

C2694 (type C, adult male and ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, Vic.,

NSW. 34-40'=S, 143-151°E: 137 females. 27 males.

NMV J45325; J48326; J48327; J48328; J48329;

J483.30; J48331; J48332; J48333; J48334; J48335;

J48336; J48337; J48338; J48339; AM P60979; P55750;

P60980; P56()97; P60981; P56107; P56102; P55808;

P60986; P56223; P6()991; P6100I; P6I002; P61004;

P61013: P61015; P61023; P55784.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

smooth, unomamented. Pseudorostrum ventrally

directed. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2 basis

expanded. Telson subequal to uropod peduncles,

lateral margins serrate, bearing 1 pair stout lateral

setae and 1 pair stout tenninal setae. Uropod

endopod triarticulate, much longer than exopod.

Terminal setae of uropod rami simple. Adult

male. As in female, except exopods present on

maxilliped 3-pereopod 2. TeLson longer than uro¬

pod peduncles. Uropod endopod biarticulate,

much longer than exopod.

Distribution. South-eastern Australia; 1-400 m.

Remarks. Hale (1946) observed three different

forms, varying in size, robustness, and carapace

dimensions, hence the appellation ambigua. The

three fonns were described as variants of a single

species (Hale, 1946, types A-C) because the

appendages of the females in all three fomis are

very similar. The size and robustness of the

various forms could be attributed to environ¬

mental variations, therefore the three variants are

considered a single species.

SARAH GERKEN

Litoi^'nodiastylis attcnuata (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 38

Gvnodiastvlis attenuata Hale, 1946: 392-394, figs

24-25.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. QW. Moreton

Bay. Myora Bight. SAM C2680 (adult male).

Paratype. Qld, Moreton Bay. Myora Bight, SAM

C2678 (female).

Other material. Australia. WA, Northwest Shelf,

between Port Hedland and Dampicr (I9°5'S.

117°26'E). 120 m, muddy sand, WHOI epibenthic sled,

G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, RV Soela, 12 Jun

1983 (stn NVVA 52), NMV J48249 (1 adult male).

WA, King George Sound, N of False I. (35°0.7'S,

118“l().rE), 28 m, shelly sand on flat bottom, SCUBA,

G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 15 Apr 1984 (stn

SWA 53), NMV J48340(l).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Unknown.

Adult male. Carapace smooth, without oniamcn-

tation. Pseudorostnim ventrally directed, broadly

truncate. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2 basis

expanded. Exopods present on maxillipcd 3-

pereopod 3. Telson longer than uropod pedun¬

cles, lateral margins smooth, without lateral or

terminal setae. Uropod endopod biarticulatc,

much longer than exopod. Uropod endopod ter¬

minal seta with long subtcmiinal sctule; exopod

tenninal seta with long subtcrminal setulc.

Distribution. Qld, WA; 0-120 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Litogvn-

odiastylis ambigua and L. laevis. The telson of

L. ambigua is ornamented and bears setae, unlike

the tel.son of L. attenuata. In L. laevis. the uropod

endopod is uniarticulatc. while in L attenuata the

uropod endopod is biarticulatc.

Litogynodiastylis brevipes (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 39

GynodiastvHs brevipes Hale. 1946: 414-416 ties

41 ^ 2 .

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, 4 mi.

off Eden, 70 m. SAM C2656 (female).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 37^0°S,

145-I49°E: 24 females. 13 males. NMV J45276;

J39246; J45274; J45297; J39682: J39653; J39654-

J39666; J45266; J23388; J23387.

Diagnosis. Female and .sitbaditll male. Carapace

with ill-defined, incomplete ridges that border a

shallow anterolateral depression. P.seudorostrum

with 2 pairs of distinct ridges. Eyelobe with 1 pair

of di.stinct ridges, 3 lenses, and pair of teeth. Perc-

opod 2 basis not expanded, without fine hairlike

setae on any article. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins falcate, bearing I pair

stout terminal setae. Uropod endopod biarticulatc,

longer than exopod. Terminal setae of uropod

rami simple. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 40-200 m.

Remarks. The carapace of Litogynodiastylis bre¬

vipes is most similar to the carapace of Gynodi-

astydis subtilis. However, the unmoditled pcrco-

pod I of L. brevipes is very different from the

brush-bearing pereopod I of G. subtilis.

Litogynodiastylis caperata sp. nov.

Figures 40-41

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, Venus

Bay, off Venus Bay township (33° 13.80'S,

134°40.10'E), 3 m, sand Oats opposite jetty, hand

dredge. G.C.B. Poore, 23 Apr 1985 (stn SA 86), NMV

J48003 (subadult female).

Paratypes. Australia. SA, Venus Bay, olT Venus Bay

township (33°I3.80'S, I.34°40.I0'E), 3 m, sand Hats

opposite jetty, hand dredge, G.C.B. Poore, 23 Apr 1985

(stn SA 86), NMV 348005 (1 subadult female); Vie.,

Western Port, off Crib Point (38°20.15'S, 145°15'E), 3

m, fine sand mud, Smith-Mcintyre grab, A.J. Gilmour

(MSG), FV Melita. 5 Apr 1965 (stn CPBS-E 10), NMV

348004(1).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

with posterior dorsolateral swelling, one third or

less than the entire carapace length, with distinct

ventrolateral ridge. Pscudorostrum horizontal,

without carinac. Eyelobe without apparent lenses.

Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson shorter than uro¬

pod peduncles, lateral margins weakly serrate,

bearing 1 pair stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout

tenninal setae. Uropod endopod triailiculatc,

longer than exopod. Terminal setae with single

subtenninal setulc. Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, caperata meaning folds,

referring to the several large folds in the carapace.

Distribution. Vic., SA; 3 m.

Remarks. Carapace morphology of Litogymodi-

astyli.s alata is similar. However, in L. caperata

the posterior dorsolateral swelling is much shorter

relative to the carapace length.

Litogynodiastylis charadra sp. nov.

Figures 42-45

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., western

Bass Strait. 36 km SSW of Stokes Point, King 1.

(40°26.7 S, I43°4I.4'E), 85 m, medium sand, Smith-

Mclntyrc grab. R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 22 Nov

1981 (stn BSS 198 G), NMV 347999 (ovigerous

female).

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Paratypcs. Australia. Vic., eastern Bass Strait. 15.2

km E of eastern edge of Lake Tyers (37°51.99'S,

148°14.98'E), 40 m. sand-shell. Smith-Mcintyre grab.

Marine Science Laboratories. RV Sartla. 25 Sep

1990 (stn MSL-EG 31). NMV .123417 (1 adult male);

eastern Bass Strait. 8.6 km WSW of Cape Conran

(37°51.I9'S. 148°38.53'E). 51 m, mud-shell, Smith-

Mclntyre grab. Marine Science Laboratories, RV

Sarda, 28 Sep 1990 (stn MSL-EG 56), NMV J23420

(1 adult male).

Diagnosis. Female and suhadull male. Carapace

posterior half produced as dorsally directed

hump, with pair of distinct dorsal ridges bounding

a very deep dorsal depression. Pseudorostrum

horizontal, without carinae. Eyelobc with distinct

lenses. Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson shorter

than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth,

bearing 1 pair stout tenninal setae. Uropod endo-

pod biarticulate, much longer than exopod. Ter¬

minal setae of uropod rami with single long sub¬

terminal setule. Adult male. Carapaee as in

female. Pereopod 2 basis weakly expanded.

Exopods present on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4.

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral

margins weakly serrate, bearing 1 pair stout lat¬

eral setae, 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod

endopod biarticulate, slightly longer than exopod.

Terminal setae of uropod rami with single long

subtcrminal setule.

Etymology. From Greek, charadra meaning deep

gully or rift, in reference to the deep dorsal

depression in the carapace and pereonites.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 40-85 m.

Remarks. This species is very similar to Litogyn-

odiastylis lewtonae. However, the males are dis¬

tinguishable on the basis of the number of

exopods and the telson and uropod proportions

and armature. In L. lewtonae, the male bears four

pairs of exopods, and in L. charadra the male

bears five pairs of exopods. The female of L. lew¬

tonae is not known. However, it is expected to be

distinguishable on the basis of the telson and uro¬

pod armature, and possibly size. The males of L.

eharadra are 1.5 times the size of males of Z,. lew¬

tonae, although the single female specimen is

approximately the same size as male L lewtonae.

In other species (e.g. Dicoides Jletti) there are

notable differences in size, both within the same

life stage, such as ovigerous females, and between

the sexes, therefore the sexually dimorphic size

difference observed in L. charadra does not pre¬

clude the specimens belonging to the same

species.

Litogynodiaslylis eoncava (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 46

GvnodiastvUs concava Hale, 1946: 417-418, figs

43-44.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, 4 mi.

off Eden, 70 m. SAM C2720 (ovigerous female).

Paratypcs. NSW. 4 mi. off Eden, 70 m, SAM C2721,

C2722 (females).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, NSW,

34-40°S, 144-151°E: 15 females, 1 male. NMV

J39244; J48229; J48230; J48231; J48232; J48233;

J48234.

Diagnosis. Female and .siibadidt male. Carapace

deeply concave laterally. Pseudorostrum with¬

out carinae. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 2

basis serrate, with few strong teeth distally.

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral

margins smooth, bearing 1 pair stout lateral

setae and 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod

endopod biarticulate, longer than exopod. Ter¬

minal setae of uropod rami simple. Adult male.

Unknow'n.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 37-363 m.

Remarks. The concave sides of the carapace in

this species are distinctive.

Litogynodiastylis erenagloha sp. nov.

Figures 47-48

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., E of

Rocky Cape lighthouse, below Rocky Cape cave

(40°5rS, l45°3rE), 1 m, Amphiholus anlarclicus,

hand. G.C.B. Poore and 11.M. Lew Ton. 15 Mar 1988

(stn TAS 53), NMV J48279 (subadult female).

Diagno.si.'i. Female and subadult male. Carapace

globular, dorsolateral row of tubercles or strong

teeth on posterior two thirds, ventrolateral row of

.strong tubercles, frontal lobe with distinct pair of

dorsal carinae. Pseudorostrum horizontal, with¬

out carinae. Eyelobc without lenses. Pereopod 2

basis expanded. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins smooth, bearing

.several pairs slender lateral setae and 1 pair

tiny tenninal nubs. Uropod endopod biarticul¬

ate. shorter than exopod. Tenninal setae of

uropod rami complex, distal one third micro-

serrate, with a single long subtcnninal setule.

Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, crena meaning rounded

projections, and globus meaning ball, referring

to the globular shape of the carapace and the

patterns of rounded teeth apparent on the

carapace.

SARAH GERKEN

Distribution. Bass Strait; 0-1 m.

Remarks. Despite a strong similarity to Litogyn-

odiastylis gongyla, this species can be distin¬

guished by the following characters: carapace

smooth with a few rows of teeth, whereas in

L. gong\>la the carapace is covered with groups

of small hairs; telson, uropod peduncles,

and pleonite 6 all subequal, whereas in L. gon-

gyla the telson is much shorter than the uropod

peduncles; uropod terminal setae complex,

whereas in L. gongyla the uropod terminal setae

are simple.

Litogynodiastylis echinata (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 49

Gynodiastylis echinata Hale, 1946: 394-396, figs

26-27.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, off

Eden, 70 m, SAM C2652 (female).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, NSW,

34-42°S, 145-I51°E: 7 females, I subadult male.

NMV J4843I: J48432; J48433: J48434; J48435.

Diaguo.ds. Female and suhadult male. Carapace,

pleon, pereon, and appendages all bear many

stout spines. Pseudorostrum with many spines,

not organised into rows. Eyelobe without lenses,

with pair of teeth. Pereopod 2 iinmoditled, except

for multiple spines present on all articles. Telson

longer than uropod peduncles, lateral margins

strongly serrate, bearing I pair small tenninal

setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate, shorter than

exopod. Terminal setae of uropod rami simple.

Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 67-102 m.

Remarks. This species is unique in possessing

multiple strong spines on the entire body and all

appendages.

Litogynodiastylis gongyda sp. nov.

Figures 50-52

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central

Bass Strait, 25 km S of Aireys Inlet, (38°44.6'S,

144°09.0'E), 77 m, fine sand, WHOI epibenthic sled'

R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa. 19 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 182

S), NMV J45465 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 60 km

SW of Cape Schanck. (39°00.2'S, 144°33.9'E). 74 m.

sandy shell. WHOI epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson RV

Tangaroa. 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 202 S), NMV J4'5466

(1 ovigerous female); Tas., eastern Bass Strait, 94 km

NE^ of North Point, Flinders I., (38°53.7'S,

147°55.2'E), 71 m, medium sand, WHOI epibenthic

sled. R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 15 Nov 1981 (stn BSS

171 S), NMV J45467 (1 ovigerous female); NMV

J29208 (I adult male); NMV J29215 ( I adult male).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Tas., Bass Strait.

NSW, 34-42“S, 143-151 °E: 9 females, 7 adult males.

NMV J48250; J48254; J48037; J48038; J45278;

J48039; J48253: J39262; J29207; J48255; J48258; AM

P55809; P558I2.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

globular, with two pairs thick dorsal ridges,

medial pair extending onto frontal lobe, lateral

pair produced as teeth or tubercles anteriorly,

extending onto pseudorostral lobes, single ridge

sweeping from anterolateral comer dorsal ly and

joining proximal dor.sal ridge; covered in small

clusters of fine hair like setae. P.scud()rostrum

blunt, without carinac. Eyelobe without lenses.

Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Telson shorter than

uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth, with¬

out setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, slightly

shorter than exopod. Tenninal setae of uropod

rami simple. Adult male. Carapace with .same pat¬

tern of ridges as female, but expanded ventrally,

without clusters of fine hairlike setae. Pseudo¬

rostrum ventrally directed. Exopods present on

maxillipcd 3-pereopod 2. Terminal setae of uro¬

pod rami complex, distal third microserrate, with

single plumose terminal setule.

Etymology. From Greek, gong\’la meaning ball or

sphere, in reference to the very globular carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 1-84 m.

Remarks. The pattern of ridges on the carapace is

similar to the pattern of ridges on the carapace of

Litogymodia.stylis quadricristata. However, in L.

quadricristata the paired dorsal ridges are con¬

nected by short transverse ridges at about the mid¬

point, while in L. gongyla the dorsal ridges are not

connected. Also, the clusters of tiny hairlike .setae

present on the carapace, pleon, and pereon of

L. gongyla arc not present on L. quadricristata.

Litogynodiastylis inepta (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 53

Gynodiastylis inepta Hale, 1951: 364 -367, figs 7-8.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. WA, Garden

I., Careening Bay, 3 fm, SAM C3262 (adult male).

Other material. Australia. Vic., eastern Bass Strait,

13.3 km E of eastern edge of Lake Tyers (37“51.70'S,

148°I4.60 E), 37 m, coarse sand, Smith-Mcintyre grab.

N. Coleman. RV Sarda. Feb 1991 (stn MSL-EG 94),

NMVJ48245 (1 adult male).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Unknown.

Adult male. Carapace with distinct lateral

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

depression, with ventral swelling. Pseudorostrum

without earinac. Eyelobe with 3 large lenses.

Pereopod 2 basis moderately expanded. Exopods

present on maxillipcd 3-pereopod 4. Telson

shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins

smooth, bearing 1 pair slender lateral setae, 1

pair stout tenninal setae. Uropod endopod biartic-

ulate, shorter than exopod. Terminal setae of

uropod rami with single short subterminal

setule.

Distribution. Bass Strait, southern WA; 0-37 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Litog\modi-

astylis timiida, but can be differentiated by the

uropod rami and peduncles. In L tumida, the uro¬

pod exopod is shorter than the endopod, while in

L. inepta the uropod exopod is longer than the

endopod. Also, in L. inepta the uropod peduncles

are more than twice the length of pleonitc 6, while

in L. tumida the uropod peduncles are much less

than twice the length of pleonitc 6.

LitogymodiastyUs laevis (Caiman) comb. nov.

Figure 54

Gynodiastyii'! laevis Caiman, 1911: 371-372, pi. 35

figs 32-39.—Stebbing, 1912: 147.—Stebbing, 1913:

161-162, fig. 111.—Gamo, 1961: 106-108.—Jones,

1963: 73-75, figs 335-342.

Material examined. Cotype. New Zealand, Lyttelton

Harbour, 1 -5 fm, ZMC.

Other material. Australia. Tas., off Freycinet Penin¬

sula (41°57.50’S, 148“37.90'E), 400 m, coarse shell,

WHOl epibcnthic sled, M.F. Gomon et al., RV

Franklin. 27 Jul 1986 (stn SLOPE 48), NMV J48244 (1

subadult male).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

smooth, without ornamentation. Pseudorostrum

broadly truncate. Eyelobe without obvious lenses.

Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson longer than uro¬

pod peduncles, lateral margins smooth, bearing 1

pair stout terminal setae. Exopods present on

maxilliped 3-pereopod 2. Uropod endopod uniar-

ticulate, longer than exopod. Terminal setae of

uropod rami complex, distal half microserrate.

Adult male. As in the female, except telson with¬

out terminal setae.

Distribution. Tas., New Zealand; 0-400 m.

Remarks. The species is similar to Litogymo-

diastylis ambigua in overall form. However,

the uniarticulate uropod endopod distinguishes

L laevis from L. ambigua with certainty.

Litogy’nodiastylis lewtonae sp. nov.

Figures 55-57

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., eastern

Bass Strait, 15.5 km SW of Pt Ricardo (37°53.14'S,

148°28.94'E), 45 m, medium sand, Smith-Mcintyre

grab, N. Coleman, RV Sarda, Feb 1991 (stn MSL-EG

108), NMV J27803 (adult male).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., eastern Bass Strait, 13.3

km E of eastern edge of Lake Tyers (37°51.70'S,

148° 14.60'E), 37 m, coarse sand. Smith-McIntyre grab,

N. Coleman, RV Sarda, Feb 1991 (stn MSL-EG 94),

NMV J27800 (6 adult males); J48284 (1 adult male dis¬

sected); eastern Bass Strait, 13.3 km E of eastern edge

of Lake Tyers (37°5L70'S, 148° 14.60'E), 37 m, coarse

sand, Smith-Mcintyre grab. N. Coleman, RV Sarda.

Feb 1991 (stn MSL-EG 96). NMV J27802 (5 adult

males).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 37°S,

148°E: 7 adult males, 4 subadult males. NMV J23416;

J23418; J27799; J39689; J27797; J27798; J57801;

J23419; J48285.

Diagnosis. Females. Unknown. Adult male. Cara¬

pace with distinct dorsally directed swelling on

posterior portion of dorsum. Pseudorostrum ven-

trally directed. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2

basis somewhat expanded, otherwise unmodified.

Exopods present on mtixilliped 3-pereopod 3.

Telson subequal to uropod peduncles, lateral

margins smooth, bearing 1 pair stout lateral setae

and 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod endopod

biarticulate, slightly longer than exopod. 'fer-

minal setae of uropod rami with single moderate

subterminal sctulc.

Etymology. This species is named after Helen

Lew Ton, as she identified the species as new and

sorted them from among the Museum Victoria

gynodiastylid material.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 36-50 m.

Remarks. This species is smaller than Litogynodi-

astylis charadra, the telson is subequal to the uro¬

pod peduncles rather than shorter than the uropod

peduncles as in L. charadra. and L lewtonae has

4 pairs of exopods in the male, rather than 5 pairs

as in L. charadra.

Litogynodiastylis luinacauduta sp. nov.

Figures 58-59

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., eastern

Bass Strait, 40 km SSW of Lakes Entrance, (38°18.0'S,

147°37.0'E), 55 m, muddy fine shell, M.F. Gomon and

R.S. Wilson, FV Silver Gull. 31 Jul 1983 (stn BSS 209),

NMV J48093 (ovigerous female).

SARAH GERKEN

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 38 km

SW of Cape Paterson. (38°55.5 S, 145“17.0'E), 70 m,

fine sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 12 Nov 1981 (stn

BSS 155), NMV J48085 (2 subadult females, 3 adult

males); Tas., eastern Bass Strait. 24 km NNE of Eddy-

stone Point (40'^43.9'S, 148°32.5'E), 56 m, muddy

sand, R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn

BSS 163), NMV J48087 (2 ovigerous females, 8

subadult females, 6 adult males, 3 subadult males);

eastern Bass Strait, 40 km SSW of Lakes Entrance

(38°18,0'S, 147°37.0'E), 55 m, M.F. Gomon and R.S.

Wilson, FV Silver Gull, 31 Jul 1983 (stn BSS 209),

NMV J48092 (1 ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 38-40°S,

142-148°E; 8 females, 10 undetermined. NMV J48082;

J48083; J48084; J48086; J48088; J48089; 348090;

J48091; J48277; J48278.

DiagnosLi. Female and subaduh male. Carapace

with a single sharp ridge sweeping dorsally from

the anterolateral portion of the carapace, with a

distinct anterolateral prominence dorsal of the

sweeping ridge produced as a sharp comer.

Pseudorostrum sharp. Eyelobe without lenses.

Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson longer than uro-

pod peduncles, lateral margins weakly serrate,

bearing 1 pair stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout

terminal setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate,

subequal to exopod. Temiinal setae of uropod

rami with a single subtemiinal setule. Adult male.

Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, luma meaning thorny,

and caudata referring to the telson.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 33-70 m.

Remarks. The combination of carapace morphol¬

ogy and a serrate telson, longer than the uropod

peduncles, serve to distinguish this species from

all other species of Litog\modiastylis.

LitogynodiastyUs margarila (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 60

Gvnodiasn’Iis margarita Hale, 1946: 409-412, figs

37-38.

Material examined. Holotypc. Au.stralia. NSW, 4 mi.

off Port Hacking. 80 m, SAM C2689 (female).

Paratypes. NSW. 4 mi. off Port Hacking, 80 m, SAM

C2690 (male). C255I (female), C2723 (female).

Otlier material. Au.stralia. Tas., central Bass Strait, 25

km SW of Cape Frankland, Flinders I. (40°09.4'S,

I47°32.6'E). 51 m, shelly sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan¬

garoa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 162), NMV J48241 (12

females, I male).

Diagno.sis. hemale and subadult male. Carapace

with gentle swellings, especially posterodorsally.

Pseudorostrum shaip. Eyelobe with 4 lenses.

Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson less than half

uropod peduncle length, lateral margins smooth,

bearing 1 pair slender lateral setae and 1 pair stout

terminal setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate,

longer than exopod. Tenninal setae of uropod

rami short, simple. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 0-51 m.

Remarks. The species is large, attaining lengths of

over 6 mm (Hale, 1946). The carapace is similar

to the carapace of Litogymodiastylis tumida. How¬

ever, L. tumida is much smaller (3.0 mm or less)

with distinct prominences in the carapace folds,

rather than gentle tumidities that are not distinct

enough to be named folds.

Litogy nodiastyUs microornata sp. nov.

Figures 61-65

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. Vic., eastern

Bass Strait. 1.3 km WSW of Cape Conran (37'’49.37'S.

148°43.02'E), 33 m, sand-shell, Smith-Mclntyrc grab.

Marine Science Laboratories, RV Sarda, 28 Sep 1990

(stn MSL-EG 52), NMV J4826I (subadult female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., eastern Ba.ss Strait, 1.3 km

WSW of Cape Conran (37“49.37'S, 148°43.02'E), 33

m, sand-shell, Smith-Mcintyre grab. Marine Science

Laboratories, RV Sarda, 28 Sep 1990 (stn MSL-EG

52), NMV J48259 (1 adult male dissected); J48260 (1

ovigerous female dissected); J48257 (I ovigerous

female).

Diagnosis. Female and .subaduh male. Carapace

with pair of ridges running antcroventrally from

the midpoint of the carapace onto the pscudoros-

tral lobes, with a second incomplete ridge paral¬

leling the postcroventral comer of the carapace.

P.scudorostmm sharp. Eyelobe with 2 lenses.

Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Telson slightly

shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins

smooth, bearing 1 pair small slender lateral .setae

and 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod endopod

biarticulate, longer than exopod. Temiinal setae

of uropod rami with a single subtcrminal setule.

Adult male. Carapace as in female, with the

addition of a ventrolateral ssvelling obscuring

the incomplete postcroventral ridge. Exopods pre¬

sent on maxilliped 3-pcrcopod 2. Telson shorter

than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth,

bearing 1 pair tiny terminal setae.

Etymology. The species is named microornata in

reference to Hale’s (1946) .species L. ornata,

which has a similar carapace morphology but is

significantly larger.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 0-33 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Litogynodi-

astylis ornata, but is much smaller and the male

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

has exopods on maxilliped 3 through pereopod 2

only, unlike L. onuita in which the male bears

exopods on maxilliped 3 through pereopod 4.

Litogynodiastylis munda (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 66

Gynodiastylis munda Hale, 1951: 359-362, figs 3-4.

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. WA, Roltnest

I., 2.25 fm. SAM C3249 (female).

Diagnosis. Female and snhadidt male. Carapace

with pair of ridges dorsolaterally, running from

the frontal lobe to the posterior margin, with a few

incomplete lateral ridges posteriorly. Pseudo-

rostrum blunt. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod

2 basis slightly expanded, otherwise unmodified.

Tclson shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral

margins smooth, bearing I pair small slender lat¬

eral .setae and 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod

endopod biarticulate, subequal to exopod. Ter¬

minal setae of uropod rami simple. Adult male.

Unknown.

Distribution. Southern WA; 0-10 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Litogynodi-

a.stylis concava but the sides of the carapace are

flat rather than concave, and the pscudorostrum is

blunt rather than sharp, as it is in L. concava.

Litogymodiastylis muUthdis (Hale) comb. nov.

Figures 67-68

GvnodiastvUs mutahiiis Hale, 1946: 399-404, figs

30-32.

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. NSW,

UlladuIIa, Brush I., 45 fm, SAM C2692 (ovigerous

female).

Paratypes. Australia. NSW, UlladuIIa, Brush 1., 45

fm, SAM C2714 (adult male), C2685 (juvenile female).

Diagnosis. Female and suhaduli male. Carapace

with ridge sweeping dorsally from the anterolat¬

eral comer, with several ridges anterior of the

sweeping ridge; the anterior portion of the cara¬

pace is vcntrally directed. Pscudorostrum blunt,

with pair of dorsal carinac. Eyelobe with 2 lenses

and pair of dorsal carinae. Pereopod 2 basis mod¬

erately expanded. Telson longer than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins falcate and serrate,

bearing I pair stout subtcmiinal setae (tcmiinal

margin of tclson produced as sharp process

between subtcmiinal setae). Uropod endopod

uniarticulate, longer than exopod. Temiinal setae

of uropod rami simple. Adult male. Carapace with

same pattern of ridges as female, somewhat dor¬

solaterally flattened. Pereopod 2 basis expanded.

Exopods prc.sent on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4.

Telson longer than uropod peduncles, lateral mar¬

gins falcate, bearing I pair stout subtcmiinal

setae.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 51-200 m.

Remarks. The combination of deeply inclined

frontal lobes with several toothed ridges and a

ridge sweeping dorsally from the anteroventral

comer of the carapace and uniarticulate uropod

endopods is unique within Litogynodiastylis.

Litogynodiastylis ornata (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 69

Gynodiastylis ornata Hale, 1946: 404-407 fies

33-34. ’ ^

Material e.xamined. Holotypc. Australia. Tas., off Babel

1., 0-50 m, SAM C2688 (ovigerous female).

Paratype. Australia. Tas., off Babel 1., 0-50 m, SAM

C2337 (adult male).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Tas., Bass Strait

NSW, 34-42“S, I42-I50'’E: 87 females, 23 males.

NMV J48158; .148159; J48160; J48I6I; J48I62;

J48163; J48164; J48I65; J48166; J48I67; J48I68;

J48169; J48I70; J48171; J48172: J45265; J45277;

J48201; J48I73; J48174; J48I75; J49176; J48177;

J48I78; .148179; J48I80; J48181; J39670; J45827;

J48182;J48I83; J48184; AM P5574I; P56216.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

with a ridge sweeping dorsally from the

anteroventral comer, second ridge miming dor¬

sally from the midpoint of the antennal notch to

join the sweeping ridge posterior to the border of

the frontal lobe, both ridges irregularly crenel¬

lated, depression between ridges; carapace poste¬

rior to sweeping ridge covered with irregular

blunt ridges or large reticulations. Pseudorostmm

sharp, without carinae. Eyelobe with 3 lenses,

without carinac. Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Tel¬

son shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral mar¬

gins smooth, bearing 1 pair tiny tcmiinal setae.

Uropod endopod biarticulate, slightly longer than

exopod. Temiinal setae of uropod rami with a sin¬

gle tcnninal setule. Adult male. Carapace as in

female, with the addition of ventrolateral

swelling; ridges sharp rather than irregularly

crenellated. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-

percopod 4.

Distribution. Tas., Bass Strait; 0-130 m.

Remarks. The pattern of ridges in combination

with the pattern of large reticulations or irregular

ridges on the carapace is unique, although it may

be difficult to discern on decalcified or newly

molted individuals.

SARAH GERKEN

Litogynodiastylis poorei sp. nov.

Figures 70-73

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., eastern

Bass Strait, 19 km E of Lake Tycrs Entrance,

(37°50.5’S, I48°16.0'E), 26 m, coarse sand, WHOI

epibenlhic sled, M.F. Gomon and R.S. Wilson. FV Sil¬

ver Gull. 30 Jul 1983 (stn BSS 206 S), NMV J48152

(ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., eastern Bass Strait, 11.7

km W of Pt Ricardo (37“49.90'S, I48‘’30.01 E), 29 m,

sand-shell, Smith-Mclntyre grab. Marine Science Lab¬

oratories, RV Sarda, 28 Sep 1990 (stn MSL-EG 123),

NMV J27402 (3 ovigerous females, 18 subadult

females, 7 adult males, 2 subadult males): eastern Bass

Strait. 11.7 km W of Pt Ricardo (37°49.90'S.

148®30.0rE). 29 m, sand-shell. Smith-Mclntyre grab.

Marine Science Laboratories, RV Sarda, 28 Sep 1990

(stn MSL-EG 120), NMV J27399 (1 ovigerous female,

2 subadult females, 3 adult males, 2 subadult males);

eastern Bass Strait. 19 km E of Lake Tyers Entrance

(37°50.5 S. 148°16.0'E), 26-26 m, coarse sand, WHOI

epibenthic sled, M.F. Gomon and R.S. Wilson, FV Sil¬

ver Gull. 30 Jul 1983 (stn BSS 206 S), NMV J48I53 (1

ovigerous female dissected).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 37-39°S,

143-148°E: 42 females, 14 males (1 dissected), 3

manca 1. NMV numerous registrations.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Carapace

covered with strong tubercles, with pair of poste¬

rior dorsal ridges continuing anteriorly onto the

pseudorostral lobes as tuberculate ridges, ventral

ridge sweeping anterodorsally and joining tuber-

culate ridge, frontal lobe with pair of carinae con¬

tinuing onto the eyelobe. Note, in some individ¬

uals the lateral ridges on the carapace were more

tuberculate than others, but the shape of the ridge,

whether as a continuous ridge or closely spaced

tubercles, was consistent. Pseudorostrum sharp,

with pair of dorsal tuberculate carinae. Eyelobe

with 2 lenses. Pereopod 2 basis moderately

expanded. Tclson shorter than uropod peduncles,

lateral margins smooth, without temiinal setae.

Uropod endopod biarticulatc, subequal to exopod.

Uropod endopod terminal seta with a single sub-

temiinal setule; terminal seta complex, with a

plumose terminal setule. .4diilt male. Carapace as

in female, with the addition of a ventrolateral

swelling. Pseudorostrum sharp, with pair of

dorsal carinae. Eyelobe with 2 lenses, with pair of

dorsal carinae. Pereopod 2 basis expanded.

Exopods present on maxilliped 3-pereopod 2.

Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer than exopod.

Etymology. This species is named in honour of

Gary C. B. Poore, Senior Curator (Crustacea)

at Museum Victoria, whose kindness made

available its vast gynodiastylid collections.

Disthhution. Bass Strait; 21 -85 m.

Remarks. This species can be distinguished from

the similar species Litog^modiastylis roscicia and

L. gongy'la by the combination of tubercles and

ridges, as L. roscida possesses tubercles only, and

L. gongyla possesses ridges and clumps of tiny

setae, but few or no tubercles.

Litogynodiastylis pseudomargarita sp. nov.

Figures 74-75

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., eastern

Bass Strait, 42 km SW of Babel 1. (40°I4.4’S,

I48°40.0 E). 60 m, fine .sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan-

garoa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 165), NMV J48289

(subadult female).

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Carapace

with weak lateral sulcus and weak anterodorsal

swelling. Pseudorostntm blunt. Eyelobe w'ith 2

lenses. Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Tclson equal

in length to uropod peduncles, lateral margins ser¬

rate, bearing 1 pair stout lateral setae and 1 pair

stout terminal setae, Uropod endopod biarticulate.

equal to exopod. Terminal setae of uropod rami

with a single subterminal setule. Adult male.

Unknown.

Etymolog}’. The species is named pseudomar¬

garita, because it is very similar to L. margarita

(Hale, 1946).

Distribution. Bass Strait; 60 m.

Remarks. Litogynodiastylis p.seudomargarila can

be distinguished from L. margarita by both pere¬

opod 2 and the telson. In L. pseudomargarita, the

telson is equal to the length of the uropod pedun¬

cles, while in L. margarita the tclson is much

shorter than the uropod peduncles. In L. pseudo¬

margarita pereopod 2 basis is strongly expanded

and all the subsequent articles arc reduced, such

that the basis is longer than all the other articles

together, while in L. margarita pereopod 2 basis

is slightly expanded, but the subsequent articles

are not reduced, and the basis is clearly shorter

than the merus and carpus together.

Litogynodiastylis quadricristata (Hale) comb,

nov.

Figure 76

Gynodiastylis quadricristata Hale. 1946: 412-414,

figs 39-40.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Qld, Noosa

River, below Gympie Terrace, surface, SAM C2682

(female).

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

Other material. Australia. NSW, 34°S, 150°E, AM

P55809 (1 subadult female).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

with 2 pairs of dorsal ridges running anteriorly

from the posterior margin of the carapace con¬

nected by short transverse ridges at about the mid¬

point of the carapace, with a single pair of ridges

continuing onto the frontal lobe from the trans¬

verse ridges, and another pair of lateral ridges

continuing antcrolaterally to the comers of the

frontal lobe suture. Pscudorostrum blunt. Eyelobe

without lenses. Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Tel-

son equal in length to uropod peduncles, lateral

margins smooth, without setae. Uropod endopod

biarticulate, subequal to exopod. Terminal setae

of uropod rami simple. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. Qld, NSW; 0-50 m.

Remarks. The species is somewhat similar to

Litogynodiastylis gong}da, but can be differenti¬

ated by the following attributes: L. gong)’la has

many clumps of tiny setae all over the carapace,

pereon and plcon, L. quadricristata docs not;

gongyla does not have transverse ridges con¬

necting the dorsal ridges, L. quadricristata has

transverse ridges connecting the dorsal ridges; the

telson of L. gongyla is distinctly shorter than the

uropod peduncles, while the telson of L. quadri¬

cristata is equal to the uropod peduncles in

length.

Litogynodiastylis roscida (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 77

Gynodiastviis roscida Hale, 1946: 396-399, Ties

28-29.

Materiai examined. Hololype. Australia. Tas., Marion

Bay, 10-17 fm, SAM C2744 (female).

Other material. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 6

km S of Cape Schanck (38“33.6S. I44°54.3'E), 55 m,

medium sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangarna, 12 Nov

1981 (stn BSS 154), NMV J48346 (1 ovigerous

female).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

covered with strong tubercles, with 1 pair dorsal

ridges posterior of frontal lobe, one pair of dorsal

rides present on frontal lobe, without lateral

ridges. Pseudorostrum sharp, with pair of dorsal

carinae. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 2 basis

expanded, tuberculatc. Telson shorter than uro¬

pod peduncles, lateral margins with few serra¬

tions distally, bearing few pairs small slender lat¬

eral setae and no tcnninal setae. Uropod endopod

biarticulate, equal to exopod. Terminal .setae of

uropod simple. Adult mule. Unknown.

Distribution. Bass Strait, Tas.; 0-55 m.

Remarks. The most similar species is Litogymodi-

astylis poorei, but the species can be distin¬

guished on the basis of the carapace. In L. poorei

the carapace has conspicuous lateral ridges, and

L. roscida has no conspicuous lateral ridges.

Litogynodiastylis serrata sp. nov.

Figures 78-81

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., S of

Point Hicks (38°17.70 S, I49°l 1.30 E), 400 m, coarse

sand, gravel, mud, many sponges, WHOl epibenthic

sled, M.F. Gomon et al., RV Franklin, 24 Jul 1986 (stn

SLOPE 40), NMV J48133 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., S of Point Hicks

(38°17.70 S, HO"! 1.30 E), 400 m. coarse sand, gravel,

mud, many sponges, WHOl epibenthic sled, M.F.

Gomon ct al., RV Franklin, 24 Jul 1986 (stn SLOPE

40), NMV J48I34 (3 ovigerous females, 6 subadult

females. 2 subadult males), NMV J48263 (1 subadult

female dissected); NSW, Off Eden (37°0.60'S,

150'’20.70'E), 363 m. coarse shell, WHOl epibenthic

sled, G.C.B. Poore et al., RV Franklin, 2\ Jul 1986 (stn

^FOPE 22), NMV J48264 (1 adult male disseeted).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 37-40°S,

I44-I50°E: 3 females. 1 adult male. NMV J48136'

J48274; J48135; J48262.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

with pair of distinct dorsal spine rows, with sev¬

eral spines on the frontal lobe, with ridges run¬

ning anteriorly from the posterior comer of the

frontal lobe onto the pscudorostrum. Pseudo-

rostmm blunt, with pair of dorsal carinae. Eye¬

lobe without lenses, with pair of dorsal teeth.

Pereopod 2 basis moderately expanded. Telson

slightly .shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral

margins lalcate, bearing 1 pair stout terminal

setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer than

exopod. Temiinal setae of uropod rami with a sin¬

gle subtenninal setule. Adult male. Carapace as in

female. Eyelobe with lenses. Exopods present on

maxilliped 3 pereopod 4. Temiinal setae of

uropod rami broken, unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, serrata meaning toothed

like a saw, referring to the rows of saw like teeth

dorsally and ventral ly on the carapace.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 40-^2 m.

Remarks. An additional adult male was observed,

found in the same sample as the holotype and

paratype adult male, which had the same over¬

all appearance, but without teeth on the cara¬

pace. It is probable that this male is the same

species, but reeently molted or possibly aber¬

rant. This specimen is the last listed in Other

material.

SARAH GERKEN

Litogynodiastylis trachyphasis sp. nov.

Figures 82-84

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. Vic., eastern

Bass Strait, 19 km E of Lake Tyers Entranee

(37°50.5'S, I48°16.0'E), 26 m, coarse sand, WHOI

epibenthic ,sled, M.F. Gomon and R.S. Wilson. FV Sil¬

ver Gull, 30 Jul 1983 (,stn BSS 206 S), NMV J48081

(ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas., central Bass Strait. 25 km

SW of Cape Frankland. Flinders I. (40°09.4'S,

147°32.6'E), 51 m. shelly sand, R.S. Wilson. RV Tan-

garoa. 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 162). NMV J48077 (4

ovigerous females); Vic., central Bass Strait. 100 km

SSE of Cape Liptrap (39°45.9'S. !45°33.3'E), 74 m,

muddy fine sand, R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 13 Nov

1981 '(stn BSS 156), NMV J48068 (I); central Bass

Strait. 20 km NNE of Bold Head. King I. (40“00.0 S,

144°20.9'E), 48 m, coarse sand, Smitli-Mcintyre grab.

R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 22 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 200

G), NMV J48080 (I adult male dissected); easteni Bass

Strait, 19 km E of Lake Tyers Entrance (37°50.5'S,

148°16.0'E), 26 m, coarse sand, WHOI epibenthic sled,

M.F. Gomon and R.S. Wilson. FV Silver Gull. 30 .lul

1983 (stn BSS 206 S), NMV J48079 (I subadult female

dissected).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, 37-42°S,

145-I50“E; 21 females. II males. NMV J48067;

J48069; J48070; J48071; J48072; J48073; J48074;

J48075;J48076;J48078;J48298.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Carapace

with many lateral ridges, extending posteriorly

from a ridge sweeping dorsally from the

anteroventral comer; many lateral ridges and

tuberculate ridges anterior of the sweeping ridge.

Pseudorostrum blunt, with several rows of strong

tubercles. Eyclobe without lenses, with dorsal

teeth. Pereopod 2 basis moderately expanded.

Telson longer than uropod peduncles, lateral

margins smooth, without setae. Uropod endopod

uniarticulatc, shorter than e.xopod. Terminal setae

of uropod rami with a single subterminal setule.

Adult male. Carapace and pseudorostrum as in

female. Eyelobc with lenses. Exopods present on

maxillipcd 3-pereopod 4. Telson equal in length

to uropod peduncles, lateral margins falcate, bear¬

ing 1 pair long stout temiinal setae. Temiinal

setae of uropod rami simple.

Etymology. From Greek, iracliy meaning

rough and pliasis meaning appearance or

aspect, referring to the rough appearance of the

carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 26-520 m.

Remarks. The plethora of lateral ridges and tuber¬

cles on the carapace make this species unique

within Litogynodiastylis.

Litogynodiastylis tumida (Hale) comb. nov.

Figures 85-86

Paradiastyli.'t tumida Hale. 1937; 66-68, figs 3-4.

Gvnodiastvlis tumida. —Hale, 1946: 419-421,

fig. 45.

Material e.xamined. Syntypes. Australia. SA, Gulf St

Vincent, Port Willunga Reef, 1 fm, SAM C2I44,

C2145, C2146, C2I47.

Other material. Hale. 1946, type A; Australia. Vic.,

Tas., Bass Strait, 37-43°S. I45-151°E 82 females, 15

males. NMV J48185; J48186; J48107; J48108; J48109;

J48I10; J45304; J45309; J48III; J48I12; .148113;

J481I4; J48II5; J48II6; J481I7; J48118; J48119;

J48120; J48121; J48122; J48123.

Hale, 1946. type B: Australia. Tas., Tasman Sea, 15

km E of Maria I., (42°37'S, 148°20'E), 102 m, WHOI

epibenthic sled, R.S. WiLson, RV Soela. 9 Oct 1984 (stn

S05/84 01), NMV J48187 (10 females).

Hale, 1946, Tasmanian form; Australia. Tas.,

40-43°S, 145-I47°E: 5 individuals. NMV J45310;

J48I25; J45306; J48I26.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

with 2 pairs of large dorsolateral prominences,

and 2 pairs of ventrolateral prominences (the rel¬

ative sharpness and dullness of the prominences

can be widely variable). Pseudorostrum sharp,

without dorsal carinae. Eyelobe with 3 lenses.

Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson much shorter than

uropod peduncles, lateral margins serrate, bearing

1 pair long slender lateral setae and I pair stout

terminal setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate,

longer than exopod. Terminal setae of uropod

rami with a single subterminal setule. Adult male.

Carapace as in female, with the addition of pro¬

nounced ventrolateral swelling. Exopods present

on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Uropod endopod

biarticulate, longer than exopod.

Distribution. Bass Strait, Tas., SA; 0^00 m.

Remarks. Hale (1946) included several different

fonns within this species. The different forms

have similar carapace ornamentation or elabora¬

tion, but the degree of the omamentation varies.

For example, the young male from Tasmania

described by Hale (1946) and attributed to this

species has much more pronounced folds and

ridges in the carapace than any of the females

described by Hale (1937, 1946).

Litogynodiastylis turgida (Hale) comb. nov.

Figures 87, 182 J-L

Gynodiastylis turgidus Hale. 1928: 42-43, figs

11-12.—Hale, 1929: 346-347, fig. 346.—Hale, 1936:

420^22, figs 10-11.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. SA, Robe, 3

fm, SAM Cl750 (female).

Other material. Australia. NSW, 33°S, I5I°E: 41

females, 10 males. NMV J48248; J39255; J48308; AM

P22649; P22650.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadidt male. Carapace

with several irregular lateral ridges, both com¬

plete and incomplete ridges present. Pseudo¬

rostrum sharp, without dorsal carinae. Eyelobe

without lenses. Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Tel-

son much shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral

margins smooth, without setae. Uropod endopod

biarticulate, much longer than exopod. Ter¬

minal setae of uropod rami simple. Adult male.

Carapace as in female, with the addition of

pronounced ventrolateral swelling. Eyelobe

with 3 lenses. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-

pereopod 4.

Distribution. NSW, SA, Tasmania; 10-115 m.

Remarks. The plethora of lateral carapace ridges

in this species is similar to Litogvnodiastylis

trachyphasis. However, L. trachyphasis has a

dorsally sweeping, laterally transverse ridge, and

the ridges in L. trachyphasis are much stronger or

heavier than in L lurgida', in addition, L. trachy¬

phasis has uniarticulate uropodendopods while L.

turgida has biarticulate uropod endopods.

Litogynodiastylis vicaria (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 88

Gynodiastylis vicaria Hale, 1951; 362-364, figs 5-6.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. WA, Esper-

ance Bay. SAM C3224 (adult male).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 37-38°S,

145-148°E; 15 females, 4 males. NMV J39673;

J48200;J48309;J48310.

Diagnosis. Females. Unknown. Adult male. Cara¬

pace with shallow lateral depression, pronounced

ventrolateral swelling. Pseudorostrum blunt. Eye-

lobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2 basis slightly

expanded. Telson much shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins smooth, bearing 1 pair

stout temiinal setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate,

equal to exopod. Temiinal setae of uropod rami

simple.

Distribution. Hass Strait, WA; 3-43 m.

Remarks. Hale (1951) remarked that this species

is closest to Litogynodiast)’lis ttimida, but the

resemblance is vague, at be.st. This male more

closely resembles L. concava, although the cara¬

pace morphology is rather different, being much

less concave than the carapace of L. concava.

Sheardia Hale

Sheardia Hale, 1946; 358-361.

Type specie.s. Sheardia antennata Hale, 1946.

Diagnosis. Female and .subadult male. Pseudo-

rostral lobes horizontal. Eye lobe with lenses.

First antenna, peduncle articles 1 and 2 expanded,

peduncle article 3 slender, shorter than articles 1

and 2 together. Pereopod 1 simple. Female with

fully developed exopods on pereopods I and 2, no

exopods on pereopods 3 and 4. Uropod endopod

triarticulate. Telson shorter than pleonite 6,

with pair of tenninal setae. Adult male, never

illustrated.

Distribution. South-eastern Australia; 50-82 m.

Species. Sheardia antennata Hale, 1946.

Remarks. The genus is unique in possessing

greatly expanded articles 1 and 2 of antenna 1 in

combination with article 3 being shorter than arti¬

cles 1 and 2 together; also, pereopod 1 is simple

and the females possess fully developed exopods

on pereopods 1 and 2 without any exopods on

pereopods 3 and 4. Day (1980) reported receiving

males that probably belong to this genus, but she

neither described nor illu.strated the specimens,

except to note that the males possess exopods on

maxilliped 3-pereopod 4 and do not possess

pleopods.

Sheardia antennata Hale

Figure 89

Sheardia antennata Hale, 1946; 358-361, figs 1-2.

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. NSW,

Ulladulla. Brush I., 45 fm, SAM C2699 (female).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, SA,

NSW, 34-39°S, 137-151°E; 10 females, 2 males.

NMV J47858; J47859; AM P55739; P55746; P46213;

P56229.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadidt male. Carapace

with shallow lateral depression, several gentle

swellings. Pseudorostmm sharp, without dorsal

carinae. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2

unmodified. Telson much shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins smooth, with 1 pair

long terminal setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate,

shorter than exopod. Terminal setae of uropod

rami simple. Adult male, undescribed.

Distribution. Great Barrier Reef to SA; 50-82 m.

Remarks. The carapace of this species is similar to

the carapace morphologies seen in Litogynodi¬

astylis concava, L. tumida, and L. munda, but the

SARAH GERKEN

expansion of articles 1 and 2 of antenna 1 serve to

distinguish this genus and species.

Dicoides Hale

Dicoides Hale. 1946: 421 -428.

Type species. Die brevidacfylum Hale, 1937.

Diagnosis. Female and subadidt male. Pseudo-

rostral lobes horizontal or dorsally directed. Cara¬

pace with tumidities or ridges. Eye lobe with or

without lenses. Siphon long or short. First antenna

short to moderate. Pereopod 1 elongate, may be

stout, propodus longer than basis, propodus and

carpus subequal. Female with fully developed

exopods on percopods 1 and 2 , rudimentary

exopods on pereopods 3 and 4. Uropod endo-

pod of 3 articles. Uropod exopod broad, bearing

many stout setae in addition to long terminal

setae. Telson 0.5-2 times pleonite 6 length,

with or without pair of terminal setae. Adult

male. Pseudorostral lobes horizontal. Antenna

2 peduncle of 3-4 articles, flagellum of 11-13

articles. Exopods present on maxilliped

3-pereopod 4. Uropod endopod of 2 or 3

articles.

Distribution. Australia, South Africa; 1-363 m.

Species. Dicoides areolata Hale, 1946, D. brevi-

dactylum (Hale, 1937), D. fletti Hale, 1946, D.

minuscidus sp. nov., D. micron sp. nov., D. occi-

dentalis Hale, 1951, D. siphonatus Day, 1980, D-

verminaris sp. nov.

Remarks. Members of this genus are fre¬

quently eneountered with pereopod 1 broken off

at the basis-isehium boundary, and are then

easily confu.sed with some species of Gynodi-

astylis and Litogynodiastylis. Several species in

this genus exhibit a distinct pair of spines on the

eye lobe.

1 .

2 .

6 .

Key to species of Dicoides

Telson equal than or longer than uropod peduncle. 2

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles. . 3

Carpus, propodus and dactylus of pereopod I massive, dactylus longest-

siphon short.. .... ..

Pereopod 1 not massive; siphon more than 0.5 carapace length.

e-"u .... D. brevidactylum

Siphon equal to or greater than 0.5 carapace length. 4

Siphon less than 0.5 carapace length.. 3

Carapace with 3-4 shallow longitudinal grooves. £) siphonatus

Carapace smoo* siphon iridescent.:: p,. verminaris

Pereopod 1 with few setae on carpus, propodus and dactyl 6

Pereopod 1 with many setae on carpus, propodus, and dactyl. 7

Carapace smooth, without depression, adult male with entire pseudorostral

Carapace with ventro-lateral depression,'aduirmale with tip^

rostral lobes excavated. K

Adults 2.5 mm or less, carapace without depressions. D minuscidus

Adults 5.0 mm or more, carapace with shallow lateral depression and dorso¬

lateral horizontal elongate tumidity. q

Dicoides areolata Hale

Figures 90-91

Dicoides areolata Hale, 1946: 421-424, figs 46-47.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW,

Ulladulla, Brush 1., 45 fm. SAM C2700 (ovigerous

female).

Paratypes. Australia. NSW, Ulladulla, Bru.sli I.. 45

fin, SAM C270I (adult male), C2708 (female), C2653

(female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Ba.ss Strait, NSW

34-42°S, 142-15I°E: 61 females, 11 males. NMV

J47860; J47861; J47862; J47863; J47864; J47865;

J47866; J47867; J47868;

J47872; J47991; J47992-

P60998;P562()9; P61011

J47869; J47870; J4787I;

AM P60993; P60996;

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Pseudo¬

rostrum weakly dorsally directed. Eyelobe with 2

lenses. Siphon less than half carapace length,

ereopod I more than twice carapace length,

bearing few short setae. Telson longer than

uropod peduncles, with I pair tiny tenninal setae

or none. Uropod endopod equal in length to exo¬

pod. Body length 3.0-3 .6 mm. Adult male.

Pseudorostrum as in female. Eyelobe with lenses.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Pereopod 1 more than twice carapace length,

more slender than in female, bearing few short

setae. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-pereopod

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles. Uro-

Pod endopod triarticulate. slightly shorter than

exopod. Body length 2.6 mm.

distribution. NSW, Bass Strait, Tas; 50-124 m.

Remarks. Within Dicoides, the massive, well

calcified pereopod 1 of D. areolata is unique.

Specimens of D. areolata in particular frequently

lose pereopod 1 during the collection process.

However it is still possible to differentiate

d. areolata Irom all other Dicoides. This species

much larger and more robust than

d. hrevidactyliim, D. micron, D. minusculus,

or D. verminaris. In D. areolata, the telson is

longer than the uropod peduncles, while in

fletti the telson is distinctly shorter than the

uropod peduncles.

Dicoides brevidactylum (Hale)

Figure 92

die hrevidactyliim Hale, 1937: 69-71, figs 6-7.

dicoides brevidactyla Hale, 1946: 424—425, fig. 48.

idaterial examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, Gulf St

Vincent, Sellicks Reef, I fm, SAM C2151 (female).

I’aratype. Australia. SA, Gulf St Vincent, Sellicks

I SAM C2152 (male).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, SA, WA,

NSW, 29-42°S, 114-151°E: 2 females, 7 males, 17

undetermined. NMV .147873; .147874; J48290; J47875;

;;’^'76; J47877; J47878; J47879; J47880; J47881;

■',;;882; J47883; J47884; J47885; J47886; J47887;

■>‘’7888; .147889; J47890.

^‘(ignosis. Female and suhadult male. Pseudo¬

rostrum moderately dorsally directed. Eyclobc

Without lenses. Siphon more than half carapace

ungth. Pereopod 1 not quite twice carapace

ength, bearing a few setae of moderate length.

Olson shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod

endopod shorter than exopod. Body length

■'~2.7 mm. Adidt male. Unknown.

^imhution, Bass Strait to WA; 1-120 m.

^^ntarks. This species may easily be confused

Dicoides verminaris. However, in D. ver~

'^’oiaris the siphon is iridescent and annulatcd,

rather than dull and smooth as in D. brevidacty-

um, and the proportions of pereopod 1 arc very

uterent. In D. verminaris, the basis of pereopod

IS subcqual in length to the carpus, while in D.

''‘^'^idaciyliini the basis is much shorter than the

carpus.

Dicoides fletti Hale

Figure 93

Dicoides fletti Hale, 1946: 425-428, figs 49-50.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., Babel I.,

25 m, SAM C2341 (female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, SA, WA,

NSW, 33-42°S, 118-151°E: 216 females, 80 males, 4

manca I, 170+ undetennined. NMV numerous regis¬

tered specimens; AM numerous registered specimens.

Diagnosis. Female and .subadult male. Pseu¬

dorostrum weakly dorsally directed, bearing sev¬

eral setae. Eyelobe without lenses. Siphon short.

Pereopod 1 more than twice carapace length, car¬

pus and propodus bearing many setae (density of

setae varies considerably). Telson shorter than

uropod peduncles. Uropod endopod longer than

exopod. Body length 5.0-5.4 mm. Adult male.

Pseudorostrum horizontal, without setae. Pereo¬

pod 1 much longer than carapace, carpus and

propodus bearing several to many setae. Exopods

present on maxilliped 3-pcreopod 4. Uropod

endopod triarticulate, longer than exopod. Body

length 4.6 mm.

Distribution. Southern to north-western Australia;

0-363 m.

Remarks. Ovigerous females of very disparate

sizes were observed in some samples, and some

specimens had many more setae on pereopod I

than others, but there were no clear distinctions,

either geographically or sexually. Within single

samples, individuals of the same sex and stage

were observed to vary markedly in size and

in the numbers of setae on the first pereopods.

The large range of morphological variability

observed in this species suggests that it may in

fact be a species flock, or comprising several

morphologically cryptic species.

Dicoides micron sp. nov.

Figures 94-98

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., central

Bass Strait, 35 km NNE of Cape Wickham, King 1.,

(39°16.0’S, 144°()5.4'E), 82 m, sandy shell, Smith-

Mclntyre grab, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 23 Nov

1981 (stn BSS 204 G), NMV J48124 (ovigerous

female). •

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., western Bass Strait, 40 km

SSW of Warmambool (38°42.8 S, 142°35.6 E), 69 m,

coarse sand, WHOl cpibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV

Tangaroa, 20 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 189 S), NMV J48293

(1 adult male dis.sccted); We.stcm Port (38“26.48'S,

I45°13.03'E), 23 m, sand, Smitli-Mcintyrc grab, N.

Coleman, 25 Nov 1973 (stn WBES 1748), NMV

SARAH GERKEN

J48292 (I ovigerous female); Western Port

(38°26.48'S, 145°13.03'E). 23 m. sand, Smilh-Mcln-

tyre grab, N. Coleman, 25 Nov 1973 (stn WBES 1748),

NMV J48291 (1 ovigerous female dissected).

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Pscu-

dorostrum dorsally directed. Eyelobe without

lenses. Siphon short. Pereopod 1 longer than cara¬

pace, less than twice carapace length, bearing

many short setae. Telson less than half uropod

peduncle length. Uropod endopod longer than

exopod. Body length 3.1 mm. Adult male. Pseu¬

dorostrum horizontal, Pereopod 1 twice as long as

carapace, bearing several short setae. Exopods

present on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Uropod

endopod biarticulate, longer than exopod. Body

length 2.3 mm.

Etymology. From Greek, micron meaning small,

because this species is tiny relative to D. areolata

or D. jletti.

Distribution. Vic., Bass Strait; 23-82 m.

Remarks. This species can be differentiated from

Dicoides hrevidactylus on the basis of the siphon

and the telson. In D. hrevidactylus the siphon is

much more than half the length of the carapace,

and the telson is more than half the length of the

uropod peduncles, while in D. micron the siphon

is much less than half the carapace length, and the

telson is less than half the length of the uropod

peduncles.

Dicoides ininusculus sp. nov.

Figures 99-102

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central

Bass Strait, 26 km SE of Aireys Inlet (38°39.8'S,

144°I8.2 E), 79 m, very fine sand, Smith-Mclntyre

grab, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa. 19 Nov 1981 (stn

BSS 181 G), NMV J48030 (subadult female dissected).

Paratype. Australia. Vic., western Bass Strait, 10 km

W of Cape Otway (39°49.0 S, 143°24.() E), 56 m, line

sand. Smith-Mclntyre grab, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan¬

garoa, 20 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 184 G), NMV J4803I (I

subadult male dissected).

Diagnosis. Female and .subadult male. Pseudo-

rostrum horizontal. Eyelobe without lenses.

Siphon short. Pereopod 1 more than twice cara¬

pace length, bearing many .setae. Telson more

than half the uropod peduncle length, but dis¬

tinctly shorter than the uropod peduncles. Uropod

endopod longer than exopod. Body length 2.2

mm. Adult male. Exopods present on maxilliped

3-pereopod 4. Telson about half uropod peduncle

length. Uropod endopod triarliculate, longer than

exopod. Body length 2.1 mm.

Etymology. From Latin, the diminutive form of

miniscule, meaning small or tiny.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 59 m.

Remarks. This species is very similar to Dicoides

micron, but can be differentiated on the basis of

the telson and pereopod 1, In D. micron the telson

is less than half the uropod peduncle length and

pereopod 1 bears a few short setae, while in D.

minusculus the telson is half the uropod peduncle

length or more and pereopod I bears many setae,

similar to pereopod 1 in D. Jletti.

Dicoides occidentalis Hale

Figure 103

Dicoides occidentalis Hale, 1951: 367-370, Egs

9-10.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. WA, Esper-

ance Bay, SAM C3223 (adult male).

Other matcrial.Australia. Bass Strait, 37-40°S.

I43-I48°E: 7 ovigerous females, 2 subadult females, 2

adult males, 7 subadult males. 2 undetermined; NMV

J47945; J47946; J47947; J47948.

Diagnosis. Female. Unknown. Adult male. Pseu¬

dorostrum horizontal. Eyelobe with lenses.

Siphon short. Pereopod 1 longer than carapace,

less than twice carapace length, bearing very few

setae. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-pereopod

4. Telson less than half uropod peduncle length.

Uropod endopod triarticulate, equal to exopod.

Body length 2.2 mm.

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 50-79m.

Remarks. There are two features unique (within

the genus) to this species of Dicoides, the first

being the relatively short pereopod 1 and the

second being the equal uropod rami.

Dicoides siphonatus Day

Figure 104

Dicoides siphonatus Dtxy, 1980: 198-201, fig. 2.

Tvpe material. Holotype. South Africa, off Still Bay

(34°40’S 21°39'E), 80 m. South African Museum,

A15723 (ovigerous female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Pscu-

dorostrum horizontal. Eyelobe without lenses-

Siphon more than half carapace length. Pereopod

I more than twice carapace length, bearing sev¬

eral short setae. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles. Uropod endopod shorter than exopod-

Body length 2.5-3.4 mm. Adult male. Pereopod 1

nearly twice as long as carapace, bearing several

short setae. Exopods present on maxilliped

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

3-pereopoci 4 (exopod on pereopod 4 is nidi-

mentary). Tclson half uropod peduncle length.

Uropod endopod triarliculale, shorter than

exopod. Body length 3.1-3.3 mm.

Distribulion. South Africa; 18-102 m.

Remarks. This species can be differentiated from

Dicoides hrevidactylum by the tclson, and from

D. verminaris by the carapace. In D. brevi-

dactyliim, the tclson is more than half the length

of the uropod peduncles, while in D. siphonaliis

the telson is less than half the length of the uro¬

pod peduncles. In D. verminaris, the carapace has

no lateral ridges or sculpturing, while in

D. siphonaius, the carapace has several lateral

ridges.

Dicoides verminaris sp. nov.

Figures 105-108

Material examined. Molotypc. Australia. Tas., central

Bass Strait, 5 km E of Cape Edie, Robbins I.

(40°41.8'S, HS^OT'E), 16 m, fine shelly sand. M.F.

Gomon and G.C.B. Poore, RV Sarda, 3 Nov 1980 (stn

BSS 110). NMV J48023 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas., central Bass Strait, 23 km

E of Cape Rochon. Three Hummock 1. (40‘‘22.2'S.

145°17'E), 40 m, mainly sand, M.F. Gomon and G.C.B.

Poore. RV Sarda. 3 Nov 1980 (stn BSS 112), NMV

J48294 (4 ovigerous females, 3 subadult females, 3

adult males, 2 subadult males); central Bass Strait, 23

km E of Cape Rochon, Three Hummock 1. (40°22.2 'S,

145°I7'E), 40 m, mainly sand. M.F. Gomon and G.C.B.

Poore, RV Sarda, 3 Nov 1980 (stn BSS 112), NMV

J48295 (1 adult male dissected); SA, Pearson 1., E side

in bay {33''57.30'S, 134°15.70’E), 10 m, algae in Po.ri-

donia meadow, coarse sand. SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore,

FV Limnos, 17 Apr 1985 (stn SA 56), NMV J48034 (1

subadult female dissected).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait. WA, SA,

33-40°S, 117-151°E: 32 females, 8 males, 35 undeter¬

mined. NMV and AM various registrations.

Diagnosis. Female and subadidt male. Pseudo-

rostrum horizontal. Eyelobc with lenses. Siphon

longer than carapace, iridescent, with many

closely spaced annulations. Pereopod 1 stout,

twice carapace length, bearing few short setae

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod

endopod slightly shorter than exopod. Body length

2.0 mm. Adult male. Pereopod 1 twice carapaee

length, bearing few short setae. Exopods present

on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Telson half uropod

peduncle length. Uropod endopod biarticulate,

subequal to exopod. Body length 2.2 mm.

Etymology. From Latin, vermis meaning wonn

attd naris meaning nose, in reference to the long,

snakelike iridescent siphon.

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 2-95 m.

Remarks. This species is can be differentiated

from Dicoides brevidactylum by the proportions

of pereopod 1 and the siphon, and from D.

siphonatus by the carapace. In D. brevidactylum,

the basis of pereopod I is mueh shorter than the

carpus, and the siphon is smooth and dull, while

in D. verminaris the basis of perepod 1 is sub¬

equal in length to the earpus, and the siphon is

annulated and iridescent. In D. siphonatus the

carapace has several lateral ridges, and in D.

verminaris the sides of the carapace are smooth.

Paradicoides gen. nov.

Type species. Paradicoides megadactylus sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Pseu-

dorostral lobes horizontal or dorsally directed.

Eye lobe without lenses, with pair of spines. First

antenna small to moderate. Pereopod 1 elongate,

propodus as long or longer than basis, carpus and

propodus subcqual. Female without exopods on

pereopods 1 and 2, with rudimentary exopods on

pereopods 3 and 4. Uropod endopod of 3 articles.

Uropod exopod broad, bearing many stout

setae in addition to long terminal setae. Telson

1-2 times pleonite 6 length, with pair of small

tenninal setae. Adult male. Antenna 2 peduncle of

3-4 articles, flagellum of 11 or 12 artieles.

Exopods on maxilliped 3 and pereopods 1-4.

Uropod endopod of 2 or 3 articles.

Etymology. Para meaning similar, with dicoides.

Distribution. South-eastern Australia; 40-1840 m.

Species. Paradicoides acanthommatus sp. nov.,

P. megadactylus sp. nov.

Remarks. Pereopod 1 is very distinctive, and the

exopods on the females, while rudimentary, are

readily apparent under a dissecting microscope.

Key to species of Paradicoides

1. Dactylus longer than propodus. P. megadactylus

— Dactylus less than 0.5 length of propodus. P. acanthommatus

SARAH GERKEN

Parudkoides acanthowmatus sp. nov.

Figures 109-112

Material cMmined. Holotype. Australia. Vic 76 km S

of Point Hicks (38°29.33-S, 149°19.98 E), ‘840-I750

m sandy mud. fine shell. WHOI epibenthic sled,

Gc!b. Poore et al., RV Franklin. 26 Oct 1988 (stn

SLOPE 69), NMV J48127 (ovigcrous feniale).

ParatNTJes. Australia. Vic., 76 km S of 1 oint Hicks

(38‘’29.33'S. I49°19.98 E). 18401750 m, sandy mud.

fine shell. WHOI epibenthic sled. G.C.B. Poore et ah,

RV Franklin, 26 Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 69 ), NMV

J48283 (1 adult male); J48282 (1 subadult Icmalc dis¬

sected); J48128 (22 subadult females).

Diasnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace

with single ventral ridge. Pseudorostrum dorsally

directed. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 1

basis with several large, stout teeth or spines. Tcl-

son distinctly longer than uropod peduncles, pro¬

duced as several large lateral teeth pro.ximally,

bearing 1 pair tiny tenninal setae. Uropod endo-

pod shorter than exopod. Adult male. Pereopod 1

basis produced as few small teeth medially.

Exopods present on maxilliped 3-percopod 4.

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, at least

twice pleonite 6 length. Uropod endopod equal m

length to exopod.

En'inology. From Greek, acanthus meaning spine

ommatus meaning eye, referring to the pair of

spines on the eyelobe.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 1750-1840 m.

Remarks. The females of this species superficially

restmhk Allodiastylts. particularly in the dorsally

directed pseudorostrum and overall appearance

of the carapace. However, the rudimentary

exopods on pereopods 3 and 4 of the female

clearly differentiate this species from all Allodi-

astylis. This species is also clearly differentiable

from Paradkoides megadactylus by the dactylus

of pereopod \ :\nP. megadactylus, the dactylus of

pereopod 1 is longer than the propodus, and in

P. acanlhommalus the dactylus of pereopod 1 is

less than half the length of the propodus.

Franklin. 27 Jul 1986 (stn SLOPE 45). NMV J48149 (|

ovigcrous female. 4 subadult females, 3 subaduh

males). Vic., S of Point Hicks (38° 17.70'S.

149°11.30’E). 400 m, coarse sand, gravel.mud, many

sponges, WHOI epibenthic sled, M.F. Gomon et al., RV

Franklin. 24 Jul 1986 (stn SLOPE 40). NMV J48147 (9

ovigcrous females. 2 subadull females, 2 subadult

males). Cobblers (Bate Bay). NSW. Australia (34°07'S,

151°I0 E), 50 m, 3 Jan 1991. AM P60941 (1 ovigcrous

female dissected); P60942 (1 adult male dissected).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, NSW,

34-40°S. 144-151°E: 12 females. NMV J48146;

J48148; ' J48150; AM P60943; P60944: P60945;

P55780; P55788; P60946.

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara-

pace smooth, with a weak lateral sulcus. Pseu-

dorostrum horizontal. Eye lobe without lenses.

Pereopod I 3 times length of carapace. Telson

shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod endopod

equal in length to exopod. Adult male. Carapace

as in female, with the addition of a ventrolateral

swelling. Exopods pre.sent on maxilliped 3-

pereopod 4. Uropod endopod slightly shorter than

exopod.

Etymology. Megadactylus relerring to the

extremely long terminal article of pereopod 1.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 40-800 m.

Remarks. Paradkoides megadactylus is easily

distinguishable from P. acanlhommalus by the

length of the pereopod 1 dactylus. telson length

and carapace morphology. In P. megadactylus,

the pereopod 1 dactylus is longer than the propo¬

dus, and in P. acanlhommalus the pereopotJ 1

dactylus is less than half the length of the pro¬

podus. In P. acanlhommalus the telson is tubular

and more than twice the length of pleonite 6,

while in P. megadactylus the telson is close to

the length of pleonite 6. The carapace of

P. megadactx'lus is smooth, without reticulations

or teeth on the anterior ventral margin or the

pseudorostrum, while the carapace of P. acan¬

lhommalus is closely reticulated, and the anterior

ventral margin and pscudorostral margin are both

serrate.

Paradkoides megadacty lus sp. nov.

Figures 113-116A

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., S of

Point Hicks (38°I7.7()'S. 149°11.30'E). 400 m. coarse

.sand, gravel.mud, many sponges. WHOI epibenthic

sled, M.F. Gomon et al., cSlRO RV Franklin. 24 Jul

1986 (stn SLOPE 40). NMV J48151 (ovigcrous

female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas.. Off Freycinet Peninsula

(42°2.20 S, 148°38.70'E), 800 m, coarse shelly sand,

WHOI epibenthic sled. M.F. Gomon et al., RV

Pseiidozimmeriana gen. nov.

Type species. Pseiidozimmeriana problema sp.

nov.

Diagnosis. Female and subadull male. Pseu-

dorostral lobes horizontal. Eye lobe without

lenses. First antenna small to moderate. Pereopod

I with brush of many long setae tenninally on

dactyl. Female with no exopods on pereopods 1

and 2, with rudimentary exopods on pereopods 3

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

and 4. Uropod endopod of 2 articles. Uropod exo¬

pod broad, bearing many stout .setae in addition to

long terminal setae. Telson 1.5 times pleonite 6

length, with pair of terminal setae. Adult male.

Unknown.

Etymulog)’. Pseudo with Zimmeriana, mean¬

ing similar to Zimmeriana, acknowledging that

this genus may easily be confused with

Zimmeriana.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 1750-1840 m.

Species. Pseudozimmeriana problema.

Remarks. The only character in which this genus

differs from Zimmeriana is in the presence of

rudimentary exopods on pereopods 3 and 4 in the

female. It is with some uneasiness that a mono-

typic genus is erected. However, to maintain con¬

sistency with the other genera in the family, the

new genus is necessary.

Pseudozimmeriana problema sp. nov.

Figures 116B-D, 117-118A

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., eastern

Bass Strait, 37 kin NNE of Eddystone Point (40'’43.8 S,

148'’37.2'E), 67 m. muddy sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan-

garoa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 164), NMV J48300

(subadult female dissected).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male.

Carapace bulbous, without any obvious

sculpturing. Telson slightly shorter than uropod

peduncle length, lateral margins smooth, bear¬

ing I pair slender lateral setae and 1 pair small

stout terminal setae. Uropod endopod triar-

ticulate, shorter than exopod. Adult male.

Unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, problema meaning

a question posed for solution, a puzzle, or a

riddle.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 1750-1840 m.

Remarks. This species looks very much like

a species of Zimmeriana. However, adding it to

this genus would require an expansion of the def¬

inition of Zimmeriana. The rudimentary exopods

on pereopods 3 and 4 are very tiny, and are only

visible with a compound microscope.

Zimmeriana Hale

Zimmeriana Hale, 1946: 438^43.

Type species. Die lasiodactylum Zimmer, 1914.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Pseu-

dorostral lobes horizontal. Eye lobe without

lenses, with or without pair of spines. First

antenna small to moderate. Percopod 1 with

brush of many long setae terminally on dactyl.

Female entirely without exopods. Uropod endo¬

pod of 2 or 3 articles. Uropod exopod broad,

bearing many stout setae in addition to long

terminal setae. Telson 1-3.5 times pleonite 6

length, with or without pair of terminal setae.

Adult male. Pseudorostral lobes horizontal or

ventrally directed. Eye lobe with or without

lenses. Antenna 2 peduncle of 4 articles, flagel¬

lum of 7 articles. Exopods on maxilliped 3 and

pereopods 1-4.

Distribution. NSW to WA, Japan; 5-220 m.

Species. Zimmeriana azumai Gamo, 1986, Z.

lasiodactylum (Zimmer, 1914), Z. longirostris

Hale, 1946, Z. robustacrus sp. nov., Z. spinicauda

(Hale, 1937), Z. vibrissa sp. nov.

Remarks. Zimmeriana is a distinctive genus

with the bnish of long setae on the dactylus of the

pereopod 1. Unlike the Gynodiastylis-gyonp

and Dicoides, pereopod 1 rarely breaks during

collection.

Key to species of Zimmeriana

1. Telson with spines ventrally..Z. spinicauda

— Telson without ventral spines.2

2. Telson shorter than or equal to uropod peduncle.3

— Telson longer than uropod peduncle.4

3. Pereopod 1 carpus longer than basis, pereopod 2 carpus at least twice length

of mcrus.Z. longirostris

— Pereopod 1 carpus equal to basis, percopod 2 carpus half merus length

.Z. lasiodactylum

4. Uropod endopod biarticulate in female.Z. robustacrus

— Uropod endopod triarticulate in female (may be biarticulate in male).5

5. Percopod 2 carpus more than twice mcrus length.Z. azumai

— Pereopod 2 carpus less than twice merus length. Z. vibrissa

SARAH GERKEN

Zimmeriana aztimai Gamo

Figures 119-121

Zimmeriana aziimai Game, 1986: 37^3, figs 1-4.

Type material. Japan. Shijiki Bay, Hirado-jima 1.,

northwest of Kyushu, 30-32 m; deposition unknown

(not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬

pace with a weak lateral sulcus, several denticles

dorsally on the frontal lobe. Eyelobc with pair

of teeth. Percopod I carpus longer than basis.

Pereopod 2 carpus more than twice merus length.

Telson longer than uropod peduncles. Uropod

endopod triarticulate, much shorter than exopod.

Adult male. Carapace as in female. Pereopod 1

carpus shorter than basis. Pereopod 2 carpus more

than twice merus length. Exopods present on

maxillipcd 3-percopod 4. Telson shorter than

uropod peduncles. Uropod endopod biarticulate,

much shorter than exopod.

Distribution. Japan; 11 -50 m.

Remarks. The most similar species is Zimmeriana

lasiodactylum. However, the telson of Z. azumai

is very different, being tubular and at least twice

the length of pleonite 6, while in Z. lasiodactylum

the telson is the same length or shorter than

pleonite 6.

Zimmeriana lasiodactylum (Zimmer)

Figure 122

Die lasiodaclvlum Zimmer, 1914: 193-195, figs

17-18.—Hale, 1936: 422-424, fig 12, 13h.—Hale,

1937: 69, fig. 5a.—Zimmer, 1941: 66, fig. 100.

Zimmeriana lasiodactylum. —Hale, 1946: 443, fig.

60A.—Jones. 1969: 165.

Type material. Holotype. Southwest Australia, Cham¬

pion Bay, Geraldton, ZMB 18495 (ovigerous female,

not seen).

Material examined. Australia. WA, Vic., 29-38°S,

I14-I45°E: 7 undetermined. NMV J47949; NMV

J47950.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with pair of posterodorsal swellings and

weak lateral sulcus. Pereopod 1 carpus equal to

basis. Pereopod 2 carpus twice merus length. Tel¬

son without terminal setae, equal in length to uro¬

pod peduncles. Uropod endopod triarticulate,

shorter than exopod. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. Vic., WA; 9-23 m.

Remarks. The most similar species is Zimmeriana

azumai. However, the telson of Z azumai is much

longer than pleonite 6, while the telson of

Z. lasiodactylum is the same length or shortQf

than pleonite 6.

Zimmeriana longirostris Hale

Figures 123-125

Die lasiodactylum. —Hale. 1936: 422-424, fig. 12^

(part).—Hale, 1937: 69, fig. 5a.

Zimmeriana longirostris Hale, 1946: 438-443, fife.

57-59, 60B.—Jones. 1969: 165.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. SA, St Vin¬

cent Gulf, Sellicks Reef, 0.5-1 fm, SAM C265g

(female).

Paratypes. Australia. SA. St Vincent Gulf, Sellicks

Reef, 0.5-1 fathom, SAM C2655 (male), C2022

(female), C2659 (female).

Other material. Australia. NSW, Tas., Vic. Bas^

Strait, WA, SA. 29-42°S, 114-I50°E: 4 ovigerous

females, 3 subadult females. 19 undetemiined. NMV

J4795I; J47952; J47953; J47954; J47955; J47956;

J47957; J47958; J47959; J47960; J20744; J20745.

Diagno.sis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara,

pace with a weak lateral sulcus. Pscudorostruni

long, bearing several setae. Pereopod 1 carpus

longer than basis. Pereopod 2 carpus twice as

long as merus. Telson shorter than uropofi

peduncles. Uropod endopod triarticulate, shorter

than exopod. .4dult male. Carapace with

pseudoroslrum ventral ly directed. Eye lobe with

lenses. Exopods present on maxillipcd 3--

pereopod 4. Uropod endopod biarticulate (with

faint hint of a second articulation), shorter than

exopod.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 5-22{)m.

Remarks. This species is very similar to Zimmeri¬

ana lasiodactylum, but can be differentiated by

the proportions of pereopods 1 and 2. In Z. lasio-

dactylum, the carpus of percopod 1 is subequal to

the basis, while in Z longirostris the carpus of

percopod I is distinctly longer than the basis. In

Z lasiodactylum, the carpus of the pereopod 2 is

1.5 times the length of the merus, while in Z lon¬

girostris the carpus of the pereopod 2 is more than

twice the length of the merus. In general, the

appendages of Z longirostris are slender and

elongate in comparison to the appendages of

Z. lasiodactylum.

Zimmeriana rohustacrus sp. nov.

Figures 118A, 126-127

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., western

Bass Strait, 5 km SW of Bluff Point (40“48.rS,

144°38.0'E), 42 m, bryozoans, M.F. Gomon et al., RV

Hai Rung, 2 Feb 1981 (stn BSS 126), NMV J45264

(subadult female).

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with weak anterodorsal swelling, without

lateral suleus. Pereopod 1 carpus longer than

basis. Pereopod 2 carpus slightly longer than

merus. less than 1.5 times merus length. Telson

much longer than uropod peduncles. Uropod

endopod biarticulate, slightly shorter than

exopod. Adult male. Unknown.

Etymologv. From Latin, robustiis meaning

strong and crus meaning leg, in referenee to

the robust fomi of the pereopods, particularly

pereopod 1.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 42 m.

Remarks. This species can be distinguished

from all other Zimmeriana by the biarticulate

endopod in the female, as females of all other

species of Zimmeriana have triarticulatc uropod

endopods.

Zimmeriana spinicauda (Hale)

Figure 128

Die lasiodactyliiin. —Hale, 1936: 422-424, fig. 12a,

I3a-g (not Zimmer).

Die lasiodactylum var. spinicauda Hale, 1937: 69,

fig. 5b.

Zimmeriana spinicauda. —Hale, 1946: 438.—Jones,

1969: 165.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, Gulf St

Vincent, Sellicks Reef, Port Willunga Reef, SAM.

Other material. Australia. SA, Tipaira Bay, Tiparra

Reef (34°4'S, 137°23’E), II m, sand, shell fragments

and seagrass, SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew

Ton,l5 Mar 1985 (stn SA 19), NMV J47963 (2).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with many spines. Pereopod I carpus longer

than basis. Pereopod 2 carpus twice as long as

merus. Telson with ventral spines or teeth, much

longer than uropod peduncles. Uropod endopod

triarticulatc, much shorter than exopod. Adidt

male. Unknown.

Distribution. SA; 11 m.

Remarks. The beginning of the description in

Hale (1936) refers to specimens of Zimmeriana

longirostris (called Die lasiodactylum, corrected

in Hale, 1946) which are significantly smaller

than Z. spinicauda, on the order of 1.75-2 mm, in

contrast to Z .spinicauda at 3 mm. This species is

very distinctive, as it is the only species with

spines all over the carapace, and also the only

species with spines or teeth on the ventral surface

of the telson.

Zimmeriana vibrissa sp. nov.

Figures 129-131

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, Tiparra

Bay, Tiparra Reef west ground, 2.3 nm. W of Tiparra

Light (34°4'S, 137‘’23'E), 10 m, sponge, red and green

algae, SCUBA. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 15

Mar 1985 (stn SA 6), NMV J48042 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. SA, Tiparra Bay, Tiparra Reef

west ground, 2.3 nm. W of Tipana Light (34°4'S,

137°23'E), 10 m, sponge, red and green algae, SCUBA,

G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 15 Mar 1985 (stn SA

6), NMV J48043 (1 ovigerous female dissected).

Other material. Australia. Tas., WA, SA, Bass Strait,

3I-39°S, 1I5-I47‘’E: 12 undetermined. NMV J48044;

J48045; J48046; J48047; J48048; J48049; J48050.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with multiple spines dorsally, no lateral

spines. Pereopod 1 carpus longer than basis. Pere¬

opod 2 carpus less than twice length of merus.

Telson longer than uropod peduncles. Uropod

endopod triarticulatc, much shorter than exopod.

Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology’. From Latin, vibrissa meaning stiff

tactile hair, in reference to the stiff setae on the

dactylus of the pereopod I.

Distribution. Bass Strait, SA, WA; 5-57 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to the small

individuals of Zimmeriana spinicauda recorded

by Hale (1936). However, in this species there are

no spines on the telson, nor are there spines on the

lateral surfaces of the carapace.

Axiogynodiastylis gen. nov.

Gynodiastylis. —Hale, 1946: 364-366.

Type species. Gynodiastylis rochfordi Hale, 1946.

Diagnosis. Female and subadull male. Pseu-

dorostral lobes horizontal or ventrally directed.

Eye lobe with or without lenses. First antenna

small to moderate. Pereopod 1 with distinct brush

of long setae on propodus. Female with fully

developed exopods on pereopods 1 and 2, rudi¬

mentary exopods on pereopods 3 and 4. Uropod

endopod of 1, 2 or 3 articles. Telson 0.5-1 times

pleonite 6 length, with pair of terminal setae.

Adult male. Antenna 2 with peduncle of 3 or 4

articles, flagellum of 11 articles. Exopods present

on maxillipcd 3 and pereopods 1^ (where

known). Uropod endopod of 2 or 3 articles.

Etymology. From Greek axios meaning of the

same, or of equal worth, in combination with

gynodiastylis, meaning a taxon that is similar to

Gynodiastylis in habitus.

SARAH GERKEN

Distribution. NSW to SA, New Zealand,

11-1065 m.

Species. Axiogynodiastylis fimhriatus sp. nov.,

A. kopua sp. nov., A. reticulatus sp. nov.,

A. rochfordi (Hale, 1946) comb. nov.

Remarks. This genus is very similar to Gyno,

astylis, and as the definition is based on femi*'

characters, it may be difficult or impossible

differentiate between males of Gynodiastylis a:*!;

Axiogynodiastylis if females are not also preseil^*

1 .

2 .

Key to species of Axiogynodiastylis

Carapace with multiple longitudinal ridges, uropod endopod triarticulate

^ . A. rochjordi

Carapace without longitudinal ridges, uropod endopod 1-3 articulate ..2

Uropod endopod uniarticulate, carapace smooth. A. kopua

Uropod endopod 2 or 3 articulate...^

Uropod endopod biarticulate, carapace reticulated.A reticulata

Uropod endopod triarticulate, carapace smooth. A.jimbriata

Axiogynodiastylis fimhriata sp. nov.

Figures 132-134

Material examined. Holotypc. New Zealand. Ch^-

ham Rise, E of South Island, 44°30.rs 174° 18.8 E,

760 m, (stn S147 TAM), 25 Oct 1979, NIWA H-803

(ovigerous female). „ c- .u

Paratypes. New Zealand. Chatham Rise, E of South

Island, 44°30. I S 174° 18.8 'E, 760 m, (stn S147 TAM),

25 Oct 1979, NIWA P-1274 (1 subadult female);

44°29.89-31.9'S, I78°57.88-179°66.57'W, 1065 m,

(stn V362 DAB), 7 Sep 1989, NIWA P-1275 (1

subadult female).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with distinct vertical depression just poste¬

rior to anterior margin, producing a flared effect

on the anterior margin. Pereopod 2 covered in

tiny hair like setae. Telson longer than uropod

peduncles. Uropod exopod distal margin lined

with fine hairlike setae, otherwise uropod rami

without such setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate,

subequal to exopod. Uropod terminal setae finely

microserrate. Adult male. Unknown.

Ettnnology. From Latin, fimbriatus meaning

fringe, border or edge, in reference to the flared

out anterior margin of the carapace, and the setae

fringing the edge.

Distribution. Eastern New Zealand; 760-1065 m.

Remarks. This species can be distinguished from

Axiogynodiastylis kopua and A. reticulata by the

triarticulate uropod endopod, as A. kopua has a

uniarticulate endopod and A. reticulata has biar-

ticulatc endopod. Also, this species can be difler-

entiated from the one other species in the genus

with a triarticulate uropod endopod, A. rochfordi,

by the complete lack of lateral ridges on the

carapace.

Axiogynodiastylis kopua sp. nov.

Figures 135-137

Material examined. Holotype. New Zealand. Chathar

Rise, E of South Island, 44°30.rS 174° 18.8’E, 760 im

(stn SI47 TAM), 25 Oct 1979, NIWA 11-804 (subadul,

female). '

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara

pace smooth, unomamented. Pereopod 2 withoir

fine hairlike setae. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles. Uropod rami without fine hairlikd

setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulate, subcqual td

exopod. Uropod endopod subtenninal sets

microserrate distally, with long subterminai

setule; terminal seta microserrate distally, tip

expanded and covered with fine setules. Aduh

male. Unknown.

Etymology’. From the Maori, kopua meaning

deep water, in reference to the depth at which the

holotype was collected.

Distribution. New Zealand; 760 m.

Remarks. This species has unique terminal setae

on the uropods, and is the only species in the

genus with a uniarticulate uropod endopod.

Axiogynodiastylis reticulata sp. nov.

Figures 138-143

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., central

Bass Strait, 25 km SW of Cape Frankland. Flinders I.

(40°09.4'S. 147°32.6'E), 51 m. shelly sand, R.S. Wil¬

son, RV Tangaroa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 162), NMV

J48269 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas., central Bass Strait, 25 km

SW of Cape Frankland, Flinders I. (40°09.4 S,

147°32.6'E), 51 m, shelly sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan¬

garoa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 162), NMV J48270 (1

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

subadull female dissected); central Bass Strait, 25 km

SW of Cape Frankland. Flinders I. (40°09.4'S,

147°32 6'E) 51 m. shelly sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan-

garoa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 162), NMV J48268 (5

females, 1 male); central Bass Strait, 25 km SW of

Cape Frankland, Flinders 1. (40°09.4 S, 147 32.6 E),

51 m, shelly sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 14 Nov

I98r(stn BSS 162), NMV J48271 (1 adult male dis¬

sected).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬

pace with incomplete ventrolateral ridge, com¬

plete and ineomplete dorsal ridges, carapace

entirely finely reticulated. Pereopod 2 without

fine hairlike setae. Tel.son shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins serrate. Uropod rami

without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod biar-

ticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod rami ter¬

minal setae with a single subtemiinal setule. Adult

male. Carapace ridges as in female, may appear

finely reticulated or patehily covered in pointed

tubercles. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-

pereopod 4. Telson slightly shorter than uropod

peduneles.

Etymology. From Latin, reticidatus referring to

the reticulated patterning ot the carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 51 m.

Remarks. Exopods on pereopods 3 and 4 of the

female are tiny, and may not be easily visible with

a dissecting microscope. This species can be

di.slinguished from all other species in the genus

by cither the carapace morphology or the biartic-

ulate uropod endopod. The most similar species

in the closely allied genus Gynodiastylis is

G. subtilis. However, G. subtilis does not have

reticulations on the carapace and the ventrolateral

ridge on the carapace is less than a third the cara¬

pace length, while in Axiogynodi.styli.s reticulata

the ventro-lateral ridge extends more than half the

length of the carapace.

A.xiogynodiastylis roclifurdi (Hale) comb. nov.

Figures 144-146

GvnodiastvUs rochfordi Hale, 1946: 364-366, figs

3 - 4 ^

Material examined. I lolotype. Australia. NSW,

Ulladulla, Brush I., 45 fm. SAM C2695 (suhadult

male).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, SA,

NSW, 34 41°S, 137-151 °E: 80 females, 53 males, 5

manca 1. NMV numerous registrations; AM numerous

registrations.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with multiple lateral ridges, pseudorostrum

with pair of dorsal carinae. Pereopod 2 distal arti¬

cles covered with fine hairlike setae. Telson

shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod rami cov¬

ered in fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triar-

ticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod terminal

setae with single subterminal setule. Adult male.

As in female, except pereopod 2 and uropod rami

without fine hairlike setae. Exopods present on

maxilliped 3-pereopod 4.

Distribution. NSW to SA; 11-520 m.

Remarks. This species is the largest A.xiogymodi-

astyliSy reaching lengths of over 5 mm in the

female. This species can be distinguished from all

others in the genus by the multiple lateral ridges.

Gynodiastylis Caiman

Gvnodia.stvlis Caiman, 1911: 368-370.—Zimmer,

1914: 187-190.—Hale, 1928: 42-45.—Hale, 1946:

362-421.—Gamo, 1961: 104-109.—Harada, 1962:

293-306.—Jones, 1963: 71-76.—Gamo, 1968.

186-187.—Day, 1980: 201 - 215 .—Blazewicz and

Heard, 1999: 362-367.

Type species. Gynodiastylis cannata Caiman,

1911.

Diagnosis. Female and subadull male. Pseu-

dorostral lobes horizontal or ventrally directed.

Eye lobe with or without lenses. First antenna

small to moderate. Pereopod I with a distinct

brush of long setae on the propodus. Female with

fully developed exopods on pereopods 1 and 2, no

exopods on pereopods 3 and 4. Uropod endopod

of 1, 2 or 3 articles. Telson 0.5-1.5 times pleonitc

6 length, with or without pair of terminal setae.

Adult male. Antenna 2 peduncle of 3-4 articles,

flagellum of 7-12 articles. Exopods present on

maxilliped 3, pereopods 1 and 2, 1-3 or 1 4. Uro¬

pod endopod of I, 2 or 3 articles, may have fewer

articles than in female.

Distribution. South Africa, Arabian Gulf,

Thailand, Australia, Japan, Antarctic Ocean,

1-1264 m.

Species. GvnodiastvUs ampla Hale, 1946, G.

anguicephala Harada. 1962, G. arabica sp. nov.,

G. baios sp. nov., G. bla.x sp. nov., G. hicristata

Caiman, 1911, G. cannata Caiman, 1911, O.

carinirostris Hale. 1946, G. dikondyla sp.

G. dilatata Hale. 1946, G. fulgida Day, 1980, G.

Iiartmeyeri Zimmer, 1914, G.

nov., G. jazdzew.skii Blazewicz and Heard, [”7,

G. koataata sp. nov.. G. lata Hale, 1946.

G. lineata Day, 1980, G. mega.siphon sp. nov..

G. milleri Jones, 1963, G. multicarinata sp.

nov., G. nitida, Harada, 1962, G. nordaustral-

iana Bacescu. 1991, G. polita Hale, 1946,

SARAH GERKEN

G. pygmaeoinsolitaseta sp. nov., G. robusta Hale,

1946, G. rotundicaudata Gamo, 1961, G. rugosa

sp. nov., G. sierra sp. nov., G. siniilis Zimmer,

1914, G. struntosa Hale, 1946, G. suhtilis Hale,

1946, G. tnmcatifrons Hale, 1928 G. tubicola

Harada, 1962, G. tubifactiirex sp. nov.

Remarks. Although species of Gyiwdiastylis an,

frequently collected with pereopod I broken ofp

at the basis-ischium boundary, it may still be pos'

sible to identify the species on the basis of th(

carapace morphology and pattern of exopods.

1 .

2 .

6 .

8 .

10 .

11 .

12 .

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20 .

Key to species of Gyiwdiastylis

Carapace covered with setae. anasillos

Carapace not covered with setae.2

Carapace smooth........

Carapace sculptured, or with ridges, tumidities, or depressions. 17

Pscudorostral lobes with I pair sharp dorsal carinae.4

Pseudorostral lobes without carinae. ■■■■■■ 5

Uropod endopod uniarticulate in both sexes.G. profunda

Uropod endopod triarticulatc in female.G. carinirostris

Uropod rami longer than or equal to uropod peduncle.6

Uropod rami shorter than uropod peduncle.12

Uropod endopod uniarticulate.2

Uropod endopod bi or triarticulate. 9

Uropod endopod equal to exopod.G. rotundicaudata

Uropod endopod longer than exopod...8

Telson less than 0.5 uropod peduncle length.G. curvirostris

Telson greater than 0.5 peduncle length.G. arabica

Uropod endopod biarticulate.10

Uropod endopod triarticulatc.11

Telson greater than or equal to uropod peduncles.G. koataata

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles.G. similis

Telson less than 0.5 uropod peduncle length.G. platycarpus

Telson more than 0.5 uropod peduncle length.G. hartmeyeri

Uropod endopod triarticulate in both sexes.G. pygmaeoinsolitaseta

Uropod endopod uni or biarticulate. 13

Uropod endopod uniarticulate. 14

Uropod endopod biarticulate. 16

Telson greater than two-thirds uropod peduncle length.. 15

Telson less than two-thirds uropod pcdunTelson less than two-thirds

uropod peduncle length length; uropod terminal setae complex, with many

long setules terminally.G. insolitaseta

Telson equal in length to uropod peduncles.. G. nitida

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles; uropod terminal setae with single

subtenninal setule. G.fulgida

Antenna 1 visible; telson less than half uropod peduncle length.G. haios

Antenna 1 not visible, tucked into groove on ventral surface of

pseudorostrum; telson more than half uroped peduncle length.

.G. tubifacture.x

Carapace mostly smooth, ridges few and incomplete if present.18

Carapace sculptured, or with multiple ridges or rugose appearance.22

Carapace with pair of dorsally directed swellings mid-dorsally; uropod

endopod uniarticulate. G- dikondyla

Carapace without dorsal swellings; uropod endopod bi- or triarticulate.19

Uropod endopod biarticulate.20

Uropod endopod triarticulate.21

Carapace with 1 pair dorsal ridges, extending onto pseudorostrum.G. hla.x

Carapace with 1 ventrolateral ridge, may sweep dorsally; anterior margin of

carapace may be weakly or strongly toothed.G. truncatifrons

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

21. Telson much shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth

.G. polita

_ Telson subequal to uropod peduncles, lateral margins strongly serrate.

. G. suhtilis

22. Carapace sculptured, with swellings, folds, or tumidities, few ridges if any^.^

_ Carapace with many ridges, many weak ridges may combine to create rugose

appearance...

23. Anterodorsal portion of carapace with 3 ridges, strongly toothed; central

ridge not paired. sierra

_ Without strongly toothed ridges on the anterodorsal part of the carapace .. 24

24. Siphon much longer than carapace. G. megasiphon

— Siphon short.25

25. Uropod rami equal to peduncle length.26

_ Uropod rami less than two-thirds peduncle length. .27

26. Perconites 3-4 fused; medial margin of uropod endopod with many (12-19)

..G. robusta

_ Pereonites 3-4 free; medial margin of uropod endopod with few (6-9) setae

.G. dilalata

27. Uropod peduncle less than twice uropod endopod length; telson with third of

length postanal; carapace with distinct carinae, branchial region not swollen

.G. ampla

_ Uropod peduncle more than twice uropod endopod length; telson with

insignificant postanal portion; carapace with folds but without distinct

carinae, branchial region swollen..... G. sirtimosa

28. Carapace with strongly defined ridges, may be complete or incomplete .... 29

_ Carapace with weakly defined, incomplete ridges.34

29. Carapace with I pair large, sharp dorsal ridges.30

_ Carapace with ridges, but without 1 pair large dorsal ridges. 31

30. Carapaee with only I pair large, sharp dorsal ridges.G. bicristata

_ Carapace with 1 pair large sharp dorsal ridges and few incomplete lateral

ridges on the posterior portion. G. sulcata

31. Carapace with horizontal ridges on posterior two-thirds, posterior to

sweepingridge (from anteroventral comer to posterior comer of Irontal

|g(,g).G. nordaustraliana

_ Carapace with ridges extending onto anterior portion. .32

32. Carapace with 3 complete lateral ridges, and 1 pair dorsal ridges on

pseudorostmm..... G. carinata

_ Carapace with more than 3 complete lateral ridges.. 33

33. Telson le.ss than or equal to half uropod peduncle length.G. midticarinata

_ Telson longer than half uropod peduncle length.. G. lineata

34. Carapace well calcified, with strongly mgose appearance, distinct lateral

sulcus; Telson equal in length to uropod peduncles.. G. rugosa

_ Carapace weakly calcified, mgose appearance due to multiple incomplete

ridges; telson shorter than uropod peduncles.35

35. Uropod endopod longer than or equal to peduncle. G. jazdzewskii

_ Uropod endopod shorter than peduncle.36

36. Pair of sharp dorsal carinae on pseudorostrum. .37

_ Pseudorostmm without dorsal carinae. G. anguicephala

37. Telson less than half uropod peduncle length. G. lata

_ Telson greater than half uropod peduncle length.38

38. Carapace with many complete and incomplete ridges; uropods slender..... 39

_ Carapace with few incomplete ridges; uropods stout.G. milleri

39. Pseudorostral lobes with a distinct pair of dorsal carinae. G. tubicola

_ Pseudorostral lobes without pair of dorsal carinae. G. costata

SARAH GERKEN

Gynodiastylis ampla Hale

Figure 147

Gynodiastylis ampla Hale, 1946: 376-378, figs

12-13.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW,

Ulladulla, 75 m, SAM C2654 (female).

Paratypes. Australia. NSW, Ulladulla, 75 m, SAM

C268I (male), C2657 (females).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with lateral ridge running posteriorly from

anterovcntral comer, pair of posterior dorsolateral

ridges, a deep lateral sulcus, and faint pits poste¬

riorly which join together and give the impression

of irregular, vague wavy ridges. Eyelobe with 3

lenses. Pereopod 1 with propodus less than half

carpus length. Pereopod 2 basis not expanded,

without fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dacty-

luses not modified. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins serrate, bearing 1 pair

stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout terminal setae.

Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae. Uropod

endopod triarticulate, equal in length to exopod.

Uropod terminal setae simple. Body length 9.2

mm. Adult male. As in female, with exopods on

maxilliped 3-pcrcopod 4. Body length 8.2 mm.

Distribution. NSW; 75 m.

Remarks. This species is one of the largest

species, and can be distinguished from most other

species in the genus by size alone. Gynodiastylis

rugosa is the only species of a similar size, and G.

ampla can be distinguished by the following fea¬

tures: uropod rami subequal in length, whereas in

G. rugosa the uropod exopod is much shorter than

the endopod; pereopod 2 is without fine hairlike

setae, while in G. rugosa pereopod 2 is densely

beset with fine hairlike setae.

Gynodiastylis anasillos sp. nov.

Figures 148-149

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central

Bass Strait, 65 km S of Cape Schanck (39‘’08.3'S,

I44°43.9'E), 66 m, coarse sand, Smith-Mcintyre grab,

R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 201

G), NMV J4800I (subadult female).

Paratype. Au.stralia. NSW, OffNowra (34°59.52’S,

I5I°5.94'E), 204 m. coarse shell, WHOI epibenthic

sled, G.C.B. Poore et al.. RV Franklin. 14 Jul 1986 (stn

SLOPE I), NMV J48000 (I subadult female).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace covered with many setae, without any other

sculpturing or ornamentation. Eyelobe with 3

lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half carpus

length. Pereopod 2 entirely densely beset wi(h

fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 with the dacty-

lus produced as several comblike processes, ter¬

minal seta dentate. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles. Uropod rami covered in fine hairlike

setae. Uropod endopod biarticulatc, longer than

exopod. Uropod exopod produced as terminal

lobe. Uropod terminal setae simple. Body length

4.5 mm. Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, anasillos meaning

bristling hairs, in reference to the setae covering

the carapace.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 204-1119 m.

Remarks. The carapace covered with setae is

unique within the genus.

Gynodiastylis anguicephala Harada

Figure 150

Gynodiastylis anguicephala Harada, 1962: 303-305,

figs 7-8.—Gamo, 1963: 88.—Gamo, 1968: 186-187.

Type material. Holotype. Japan, off Sirahama (Izu

Peninsula), Gunchu-ko (Ehime Prefecture), and Ona-

hama Bay (Miyagi Prefecture), 10-20 m, deposition

unknown (not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with complete and incomplete lateral and

dorsolateral ridges. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Perco-

pod I propodus less than half carpus length. Pere¬

opod 2 without fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5

not illustrated. Telson shorter than uropod pedun¬

cles, with 2 pair slender lateral setae and 1 pair

small terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hair¬

like .setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, .shorter

than exopod. Uropod terminal setae with single

subterminal setule. Body length 2.0 mm. Adult

male. As in female, except with exopods on max¬

illiped 3-pereopod 4, and uropod rami subequal.

Distribution. Japan; 10-20 m.

Remarks. This species can be distingui,shed from

all other species by the combination of the small

size and location; there arc no other species of a

similar size reported from Japan.

Gynodiastylis arabica sp. nov.

Figures 151-152

Material examined. Holotype. United Arab Emirates,

Urn al Dalkh oilfield, 30 km offshore Abu Dhabi,

24°62'N, 54°17'E, 12-20 m, (stn UA12), USNM

1001139 (adult male).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male.

Unknown. Adidt male. Carapace smooth, unoma-

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

mented. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod I propo-

dus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 with¬

out fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus

and terminal seta unmodified. Exopods present on

maxillipcd 3-pereopod 4. Telson much shorter

than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth,

bearing 1 pair of tiny tcnninal setae. Uropod rami

without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod

uniarticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod termi¬

nal setae complex, distal ly microserrate with long

setules, with single very long subterminal sctulc.

Body length 2.1 mm.

Etymology. Arabica, from the place of collection,

the Arabian Gulf.

Distribution. Arabian Gulf, off Abu Dhabi, 12-

20 m.

Remarks. This species is the first recorded gyn-

odiastylid from the Arabian Gulf. It is expected

that gynodiastylids will be found all around the

Indian Ocean coast. However, this is the first

record between the Gulf of Thailand and South

Africa. This species is mo.st similar to Gynodi-

astylis insolitaseta and G. pygmaeoin.solitaseta.

However, in G. insolimela the uropod rami are

subequal in length, and the telson is entirely with¬

out terminal setae, while in G. arabica the uropod

exopod is much shorter than the endopod, and the

telson bears pair of small terminal setae. In G.

pygmaeoinsolitaseta the uropod endopod is triar-

ticulate, while the uropod endopod of G. arabica

is uniarticulate.

Gynodiastylis baios sp. nov.

Figures 153-156

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, “1 lotspol”

reef. 5 n mi. W of N end of Flinders I. (33°4().50 S,

134°22’E), 12 m, brown, green, red algae, large fomis,

SCUBA, S. Shepherd, FV l.inmos, 19 Apr 1985 (stn SA

64), NMV J47998 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. WA, Thistle Cove, eastern end

(34°0'S, 122'’12 E), 8 m, brown algae, SCUBA, G.C.B.

Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 11 Apr 1984 (stn SWA 28),

NMV J47996 (3); J47993 (I ovigerous female dis¬

sected); WA, Thistle Cove. ca,stem end (34°0'S,

122“12'E), 7 m, red algae. SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and

H.M. Lew Ton, 11 Apr 1984 (stn SWA 27), NMV

J47995 (1); Vic., western Bass Strait, 30 km SSW of

Warmambool (38°38.2’S, 142°35.0'E), 59 m, Smith-

Mclntyre grab. R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 20 Nov

1981 (stn BSS 188 G), NMV J47994 (1 adult male

dissected); J47997 (2).

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male.

Carapace smooth, unomamented, with deep

antennal notch. Eyelobe with 2 lenses. Pereopod

1 with propodus less than half carpus length.

Pereopod 2 with patches of fine hairlike setae.

Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and termitial seta

unmodified. Telson much shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins smooth, without

terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike

setae. Uropod endopod biarticulatc, much longer

than exopod. Uropod tcr-minal setae with single

subterminal sctule. Body length 2.4-2.6 mm.

Adult male. As in female, except uropod

rami with fine bristles distally. Exopods present

on maxillipcd 3-pereopod 4. Body length

2.0 mm.

Etymology. From Greek, baios meaning small,

in reference to the diminutive size of the

species.

Distribution. Bass Strait, SA, WA; 7-59 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Gynodi-

asndis blax and G. pygmaeoinsolitaseta. Gynodi¬

astylis baios has a smooth carapace, while G. blax

has pair of dorsal ridges. The uropod tenninal

setae of G. baios are simple with a single subter¬

minal setule, while the uropod terminal setae of

G. pygmaeoinsolitaseta are complex and unique

to that species.

Gynodiastylis blax sp. nov.

Figures 157-158

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. WA, Seven

Mile Beach, North of Dongara (29°12'S, I14°53'E), 1

m, mixed algae beneath overhang on reef, airlift,

G. C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 22 Apr 1986 (stn

SWA 83), NMV J47961 (ovigerous female).

Paratype. Au.stralia. WA, Seven Mile Beach, North

of Dongara (29°12'S, 114°53'E), 1 m, mixed algae

beneath overhang on reef, airlift. G.C.B. Poore and

H. M. Lew Ton, 22 Apr 1986 (stn SWA 83), NMV

.147962 (1 ovigerous female dissected).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with pair of dorsal ridges, otherwise smooth.

Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 1 with propodus

less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 dac¬

tylus with tine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5

dactylus and terminal seta unmodified. Telson

much shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod

rami without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod

biarticulatc, slightly longer than exopod. Uropod

terminal setae microserrate with single sub-

temiinal sctulc. Body length 2.4 mm. Adult male.

Unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, meaning dull.

Distribution. Bass Strait, southern Australia; 1 m.

SARAH GERKEN

Remarks. This species can be distinguished from

most other small species of Gynodiastylis by the

single pair of dorsal ridges on the carapace; all

other small species have cither multiple ridges or

no ridges, except G. bicrislala. The ridges in

G. hicristata are much sharper and more pro¬

nounced, and the overall carapace is shorter and

has a pronounced arch shape dorsally, relative to

the carapace of G. hlax.

Gynodiastylis hicristata Caiman

Figure 159

Gvnodiash’lis hicristata Caiman, 1911: 374-376, pi.

36 figs 11-^22.—Zimmer, 1941: 27, fig. 27.—Hale,

1951: 358-359.—Zimmer. 1952: 28.—Gamo, 1968:

187.

Material examined. Syntypes, Gulf of Thailand, Koh

Kam 5-10 fm: between Koh Mesan and Cape Liant,

5-8 fm; Japan, 33°10 N 129°18'E, 40 fm. ZMC,

BMNH,

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadidt male. Cara¬

pace with pair of pronounced, sharp dorsal ridges,

carapace has arched shape dorsally and is

relatively short. Eyclobc without lenses. Pereo-

pod 1 with propodus less than half carpus length.

Pereopod 2 covered with fine hairlike .setae. Pere-

opods 3-5 dactylus and terminal seta unmodified.

TeKson much shorter than uropod peduncle

length, lateral margins smooth, without terminal

setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae.

Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer than exopod.

Uropod tcnninal setae simple. Body length 1.9

mm. Adult male. As in female, except with

exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Body

length 1.7 mm.

Distribution. Japan, Gulf of Thailand (Koh Kam);

42-80 m.

Remarks. The distribution of this species is

unprecedented in the family, with specimens

reported from the Gulf of Thailand and Japan,

when the distributions of most species are con¬

fined to a subarea of a single country or continent.

This species is most similar to G. .sulcata.

However, G. sulcata is found on the coast of

South Africa. The two species are remarkably

alike, both bearing pair of large, .sharp dorsal

ridges on a relatively short, stout carapace. A

third species, collected from the Bass Strait and

southern Australia, very similar to both

G. hicristata and G. .sulcata, is present in the

collections of the Museum Victoria (pers. obs,

provisional n. sp. A).

Gynodiastylis carinata Caiman

Figure 160

Gynodiastylis carinata Caiman, 1911: 368-370, pi

35 figs 6-31.—Zimmer, 1913: 480.—Zimmer, 194 ]-

36, fig. 48.—Jones, 1963: 71-73, figs 313-334.

Gynodiastylis carinatus. —Stebbing, 1912: 147.—

Stebbing, 1913: 162, fig. 112.

Material examined. New Zealand, Lyttelton Harbour.

1-5 fm, ZMC.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadidt male. Cara¬

pace with several complete lateral and dorsolat¬

eral ridges. Eyclobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod I

propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2

without fine hairlike setae. Percopods 3-5 dacty¬

lus and terminal seta unmodified. Telson much

shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins

smooth, without terminal setae. Uropod rami with

fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate,

shorter than exopod. Uropod terminal setae

microserrate. Body length 4.0. Adult male. As in

female, with exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod

2. Body length 2,9-3.0 mm.

Distribution. New Zealand; 0 10 m.

Remarks. This species is distinctive among the

New Zealand Gynodiastylis-grou'p fauna, in hav¬

ing several complete lateral ridges. All other

species from New Zealand, of both Gynodiastylis

and Axiogynodiastylis, have carapaces entirely

without lateral ridges.

Gynodiastylis carinirostris Hale

Figure 161

Gvnodiastvlis carinirostris Hale, 1946: 381-383, figs

16-17.

Material examined, llolotypc. Australia. NSW, Botany

Bay. off Kumell, 20 ft, SAM C2669 (female).

Other material. Au.stralia. Tas., eastern Bass Strait,

100 km NE of North Point, Flinders 1.. (38°52.6'S,

148°25.2'E), 140 m. fine sand, WHOl epibenthic sled,

R.S. WiLson, RV Tangaroa, 15 Nov 1981 (.stn BSS 170

S), NMVJ48218(1).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬

pace entirely smooth except for pair of sharp dor¬

sal carinac on the pseudorostmm. Eyclobe with 3

lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half caipus

length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.

Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and terminal seta unmod¬

ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬

eral margins smooth, with pair of stout terminal

setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae.

Uropod endopod triarticulatc, much longer than

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

exopod. Uropod terminal setae microserrate dis-

tally, with a single long subterminal setule. Body

length 4.7. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW. Bass Strait; 6-140 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Gynodiastylis

profunda in having a smooth carapace in com¬

bination with a pair of sharp dorsal carinae on the

pseudorostrum. However, in G. profunda the

uropod endopod is uniarticulate in both sexes,

while in G. carinirostris the uropod endopod is

triarticulate in the female (unknown in the male).

Gynodiastylis costata Caiman

Figures 162-163

Gynodiastylis costata Caiman, 1911: 372-374, pi. 36

figs 1-10.—izimnier, 1952: 28.—Gamo, 1968: 187.

Gynodiastylis costatus. —Stebbing, 1912; 147.—

Stebbing, 1913; 163.—Gamo, 1962; 206-208, figs

39-40.—Gamo, 1963; 88.

Material examined. Gulf of Thailand, Koh Kam 20 fm;

North of Koh Chuen, 15 fm; between Koh Mesan and

Cape Liant. 5-8 fm, syntypes, ZMC, BMNH.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with multiple complete and incomplete lat¬

eral ridges. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 1

propodus less than half ca^us length. Pereopod 2

some articles covered with fine hairlike setae.

Pereopod 3 several articles covered with fine hair-

like setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and terminal

seta unmodified. Telson much shorter than uro¬

pod peduncles. Uropod rami without fine hairlike

setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer than

exopod. Uropod terminal setae simple. Body

length 2.4. Adult male. As in female, with

exopods present on maxilliped 3-pereopod 2.

Body length 1.7-1.9 mm.

Distribution. Japan, Gulf of Thailand; 9-37 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Gynodi¬

astylis lata and G. carinata. Gynodiastylis cari-

nata is only known from New Zealand and is 3-4

mm in the adult stages, while G. costata is known

from Thailand and Japan and is 2.5 mm or less in

the adult stages. Gynodiastylis lata is of a similar

size, being 2 mm in length, but is found only in

Australia, and the uropod rami arc much more

disparate in size, with the uropod endopod being

much longer than the exopod. Gynodiastylis

costata is known from Thailand and Japan, and

the uropod rami are much more similar in size,

with the uropod endopod being only slightly

longer than the exopod.

Gynodiastylis curvirostris Day

Figure 164

Gynodiastylis ciindrostris Day, 1980: 205-208,

fig. 5.

Type material. Holotype. South Africa. S of Durban,

31°04'S 30°10'E, 72 m. South African Museum

A15275 (adult male, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace smooth, unomamented, pseudorostnim ven-

trally directed. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod

1 propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod

2 without fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5

dactylus and terminal seta unmodified. Telson

much shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral mar¬

gins smooth, with many fine setae distally. Uro¬

pod rami without fine hairlike setae. Uropod

endopod uniarticulate, longer than exopod. Uro¬

pod terminal setae microserrate with long setules

distally, with one longer subtcrminal setule. Body

length 1.8-2.4. .4dult male. As in female, with

exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod 2. Body

length 2.6 mm

Distribution. South Africa; 37-75 m.

Remarks. The combination of a smooth carapace

and vcntrally directed pseudorostrum in both

sexes is unique in the genus, particularly since the

pseudorostrum direction tends to be sexually

dimorphic.

Gynodiastylis dikondyla sp. nov.

Figures 165-167

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. WA, Thistle

Cove, eastern end (34°0’S, 122°I2'E), 8 m, brown

algae, SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 11

Apr 1984 (stn SWA 28), NMV J47990 (ovigerous

female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas., eastern Bass Strait, 100

km NE of North Point, Flinders 1., (38°52.6'S,

148°25.2'E), 140 m, fine sand, WHOl epibenthic sled,

R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 15 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 170

S), NMV J48301 (1 SEM stub); eastern Bass Strait, 37

km NNE of Eddystone Point (40°43.8'S, 148°37.2'E),

67 m, muddy .sand, R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 14 Nov

1981 (stn BSS 164), NMV J47983 (1 ovigerous

female); eastern Bass Strait, 85 km NE of North Point.

Flinders I. (39°02.4'S, 148°30.6'E),. 120 m. muddy

sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 15 Nov 1981 (stn

BSS 169), NMV J47985 (1 ovigerous female. 1

subadull Icmalc); Tasman Sea, 15 km E of Maria 1.,

(42°37'S, 148‘’20'E), 102 m. WHOl epibenthic sled,

R.S. Wilson, RV Soela. 9 Oct 1984 (.stn S05/84 01),

NMV J47984 (1 ovigerous female); WA, Thistle Cove,

eastern end (.34°0’S, 122°12'E), 8 m, brown algae.

SARAH GERKEN

SCUBA. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, II Apr

1984 (stn SWA 28), NMV J47989 (I ovigcrous female

dissected); SA, Tiparra Bay, Tiparra Reef west ground,

2.3 n. mi. W of Tiparra Light (34°4'S, I37°23'E), 10 m,

sponge, red and green algae, SCUBA. G.C.B. Poore

and H.M. Lew Ton. 15 Mar 1985 (stn SA 6), NMV

J47988 (l). .

Other material. Australia. Ba.ss Strait. 38°S, 148 E:

10 undetermined. NMV J47986; J47987.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace produced as pair of distinct rounded

swellings mid-dorsally, otherwise unomamented.

Eyelobe without lenses. Pcreopod 1 propodus less

than half carpus length. Percopod 2 without fine

hairlike setae. Pereopods 3—5 dactylus and termi¬

nal seta unmodified, stout and short. Telson much

shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod rami with¬

out fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod uniartic-

ulate, slightly longer than exopod. Uropod termi¬

nal setae complex, w'ith many thin strands

terminally. Body length 4.3 mm. Adult male.

Unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, kondyla meaning promi¬

nence, di in reference to the large paired dorsal

prominences of the carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait to WA; 8-130 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Gynodiasty’lis

insolitaseta^ in both habitus and uropod terminal

setae. However, the paired prominences found

dorsally on the carapace are obvious. Multiple

individuals were present in the collection, there¬

fore it is unlikely that the dorsal prominences are

an aberration.

Gynodiastylis dilatata Hale

Figures 168-169

Gynodiastylis dilatata Hale, 1946: 372-375, figs

9-11.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, off

Eden, 30 m, coarse sand. K. Sheard. trawl. Oct 1943,

SAM C2704 (adult male).

Other material. Australia. NSW, 34°S, 151° E: AM

P55745; P56204; P56206: P610()5; P6I0I2.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male.

Unknown. Adult male. Carapace with complete

ventrolateral ridge and dorsolateral ridge, paired

posterior dorsal tumidities. Eyelobe with 3 lenses.

Pereopod 1 propodus less than half carpus length.

Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae, carpus

remarkably long. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and ter¬

minal seta unmodified. Exopods present on max-

illiped 3-percopod 4. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins weakly serrate, with 1

or 2 pairs stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout

terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlik^

setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer thar

exopod. Uropod terminal setae simple. Bod;’

length 3.0 mm. ^

Distribution. NSW; 120-234 m.

Remarks. Hale (1946: 371) suggested that th<

female specimens he described as GynodiastydiJ

robusta might belong with this male. However, ir

the course of the present work, adult male G'

robusta were encountered and it is now clear that

G. dilatata is a separate species. Gynodiasty’lis

robusta has the third and fourth pereonites fused

in both the male and female, while in G. dilatata

the third and fourth pereonites are free.

Gynodiastylis fulgida Day

Figure 170

Gynodiastylis fulgida Day, 1980: 213-215, fig. 8.

Type material. Holotype. South Africa. Still Bay,

34°40'S 2I°39’E, 80 m. South African Museum

A15278 (ovigerous female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male.

Carapace with small, regularly spaced pits,

pseudorostrum w'cakly ventrally directed. Eye-

lobe without lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less

than half carpus length. Percopod 2 without fine

hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and termi¬

nal seta unmodified. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins smooth and without

terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike

setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulatc, equal to

exopod. Uropod terminal setae with single subter¬

minal setule. Body length 2.4-3.0 mm. Adult

male. Unknown.

Distribution. South Africa; 29-80 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Gynodi¬

astylis curvirostris. However, the carapace of G.

cuirirostris is smooth, and the carapace of G.

fulgida has regularly spaced small pits. Also, the

uropod terminal setae of G. fulgida are simple

with a single subtcrminal setule, while the uropod

terminal setae of G. ettn’irostris are complex,

covered with long setules distally and with a

single longer subtcrminal setule.

Gynodiastylis hartmeyeri Zimmer

Figure 171

Gvnodiastvlis hartmeyeri Zimmer, 1914: 187, fig.

14.-Hale. 1951:359.

Type material. Australia. WA, Cape Heirisson, 26°orS

ri3°2rE, 11-12.5 m, ZMB (not seen).

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Material examined. Australia. Tas., Vic. Bass Strait,

NSW. 34-43°S, 147-15 TE: 11 ovigerous females, I

subadult female, 1 male, 1 undetermined. NMV

J48225; J48226; J48227; J48228; AM P61()28.

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male. Cara¬

pace smooth and unomamented. Eyelobc without

lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus

length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.

Pereopods 3—5 dactylus and terminal seta unmod¬

ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬

eral margins smooth and without terminal setae.

Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae. Uropod

endopod triarticulate, longer than exopod. Uro¬

pod terminal simple. Body length 2.3 mm. Adidl

male. Unknown

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait, WA; 8-122 m.

Remarks. The drawings and description in

Zimmer (1914) are nearly useless, both G.

hartmeyeri and G. similis being described and

illustrated almost identically. Redescription of

the species is necessary. Hale (1951: 359) stated

“the distal half of the telson is subtriangular as

seen from above, not rounded as in the related

similis.”

Gynodiastylis insoUtaseta sp. nov.

Figures 172-177

Material examined, llolotype. Australia. WA, North¬

west Shelf, between Port Hedland and Dampier

(19°37'S, 118°53’E), 30 m, coarse shell. WHOI epiben-

thic sled, G.C.B. Poore and II.M. Lew Ton, Soela, RV.

3 Jun 1983 (stn NWA 14). NMV J48051 (ovigerous

female).

Paratypes. Australia. WA, Northwest Shelf, between

Port Hedland and Dampier (I9°37'S. 118''53'E), 30 m,

coarse shell, W'HOI epibenthic sled, G.C.B. Poore and

H.M. Lew Ton. RV Suela. 3 Jun 1983 (stn NWA 14).

NMV J48053 (1 ovigerous female dis.sccted). Locality?

AM P55790 (1 subadult female dissected); P55790 (1

adult male dissected); P45827 (2 ovigerous females, 10

subadult females, 5 adult males).

Other material. Australia.Tas., Bass Strait, WA,

NSW. 19-38°S, 118 ISUE: 6 ovigerous females, 41

subadult females. 5 adult males, 12 subadult male, 8

undetennined. NMV numerous registrations; AM

P45827; P55790; P61030; P61031.

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male. Cara¬

pace smooth and unornamented. Eyelobe without

lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than hall carpus

length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.

Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and tenninal .seta unmod¬

ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬

eral margins lined with fine hairlike .setae, and

without terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine

hairlike setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulatc.

equal in length to exopod. Uropod terminal setae

complex, produced as many individual strands

terminally. Body length 6.6 mm. Adult male. As

in female, except telson without lateral hairlike

setae. Exopods present on maxillipcd 3-pereopod

4. Uropod endopod slightly shorter than exopod.

Body length 3.0 mm.

Etymology’. From Latin, insolita meaning

unusual, odd or queer, in combination with

setus referring to the terminal setae on the

uropods.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 21—10 m.

Remarks. The terminal setae on the uropods arc

very complex. Gynodiastylis pygmaeoinsolita-

seta is very similar to G. insoUtaseta in overall

appearance. However, the species can be dis¬

tinguished on the basis of the different uropod

terminal setae and overall body length as

G. insoUtaseta is much larger than G. pygmaeoin-

solitaseta, despite the vast difference in size

between the ovigerous female and adult male

G. insolita.seta.

Gynodiastylis jazdzewskii Blazcwicz and Heard

Figure 178

Gynodiastvlis jazdzewskii Blazcwicz and Heard,

1999; 362-367, figs 1-2.

Type material. Holotypc. Antarctica. Ross Sea,

76°()1.5’-01.0'S. I79°49.9’-52.3 E. 388-399 m, Feb

1972, USNM 243165 (adult male, damaged, not

seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male.

Unknown. Adult male. Carapace with many

small, irregular, wavy ridges and scattered tuber¬

cles. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 1 propo¬

dus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 with¬

out fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus

and terminal seta unmodified. Exopods present on

maxillipcd 3-pcrcopod 4. Telson shorter than

uropod peduncles, lateral margins serrate and

with 1 pair slender lateral setae and 1 pair stout

terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike

setae. Uropod endopod biarticulatc, equal to exo-

pod. Uropod terminal setae simple. Body length

3.2 mm.

Distribution. Ross Sea, Antarctica; 388-399 m.

Remarks. This species is the first record of the

Gynodiastylidae in Antarctica. The specimen is

damaged, but clearly belongs in the A.xiogj'nodi-

astylis-Gynodiustylis group; final determination

of the appropriate genus depends upon collection

of the female of the species.

SARAH GERKEN

Gynodiastylis koatauta sp. nov.

Figures 179-181

Material examined. Holotype. New Zealand. Karamea

Bight, 40°55.I9'S. ITPSy.SO'E. 154 m, 9 Feb 1983.

(stn S397 E), NIWA H-805 (adult male).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadidt male.

Unknown. Adult male. Carapace smooth, unoma-

mented, antennal notch deep. Eyelobe without

lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus

length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.

Pcrcopods 3-5 dactylus with bumps or teeth on

margin, terminal setae dentate. E.xopods present

on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Telson equal in

length to uropod peduncles, lateral margins

smooth, with 1 pair stout tenninal setae. Uropod

exopod lateral margin lined with fine hairlike

setae. Uropod cndopod biarticulate, longer than

exopod. Uropod endopod terminal seta finely

microserrate with single subterminal setule, exo¬

pod temiinal setae microserrate with long setules

and single very long subterminal setule. Body

length 2.4 mm.

Etymolog}’. From the Maori, koataata meaning

translucent, in reference to the translucent or

transparent nature of the holotype.

Distribution. New Zealand; 154 m.

Remarks. The most similar species in New

Zealand is A.xiog\modiastylis kopua, which

can be distinguished from G. koataata by the

uniarticulate uropod endopod.

Gynodiastylis lata Hale

Figure 182A-H

Gvnodiastvlis lata Hale, 1946: 366-369, figs 5-6.

—Hale. 1951: 359.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Qld, Moreton

Bay, Myora Bight, surface, SAM C2638 (ovigerous

female).

Paratype. Australia. Qld, Moreton Bay. Myora Bight,

surface, SAM C2639 (adult male).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait. WA.

NSW. 29-39"S. 114 I5I°E: 2 ovigerous females, 5

subadult females, 3 subadult males. NMV J48242:

J48243; J40666; AM P22650; P46795; P52870.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace subtriangular in dorsal view, with many

complete and incomplete lateral ridges, weak lat¬

eral sulcus. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod I

propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2

without fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dacty¬

lus and terminal seta unmodified. Telson shorter

than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth

and without terminal setae. Uropod rami wit|-i.

out fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod biarticu-

late, shorter than exopod. Uropod tenningl

setae simple. Body length 2.2 mm. .Adult mate.

As in female, exeept carapace subrectangulgr

in dorsal view. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Exopoqs

on maxilliped 3-percopod 4. Body length 2,0

mm.

Distribution. Qld to WA; 120-1119 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Gynodj.

astylis bicristata and G. costata. Gynodicj.

st}’lis bicristata has a pair of large, sharp dors(il

ridges bounding the dorsal depression; G. lata

has no such dorsal ridges. In G. costata the urq.

pod rami are subequal in length, while in G. lata

the uropod endopod is much longer than the

exopod.

Gynodiastylis lineata Day

Figure 183

GynodiastylE lineata Day, 1980: 210-213, fig. 7.

Type material. Holotype. South Africa. N of Durban,

off Tongaat, 29°34'S 3I°I7'E, 54 m. South African

Museum A15727 (ovigerous female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with many complete and incomplete lateral

ridges. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod I

propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod

w'ith fine hairlike setae on margins of merus and

carpus. Pereopods 3-5 with fine hairlike setat;

covering several articles; dactylus and terminal

seta unmodified. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins .smooth and without

terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlikq

setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulate, longer than

exopod. Uropod tenninal setae simple. Body

length 2.4-3.4 mm. Adult male. As in female,

except with exopods on maxilliped 3-pcreopod 4,

Uropod endopod biarticulate. Body length

2.6-2.9 mm.

Distribution. South Africa; 50 103 m.

Remarks. The carapace of this species is most

similar to Axiogynodiast\'lis rochfordi. However,

in A. rochfordi the uropod endopod is triarticulatc

in both sexes, while in Gynodiastylis lineata the

uropod endopod is uniarticulate in the female and

biarticulate in the male. However, it must be

noted that the common pattern in the Ciynodi-

astylidae is for the male to have fewer articles in

the uropod endopod than the female. It is possible

that this species exhibits the reverse pattern, with

fewer articles in the female uropod exopod, or

that the figures are mislabeled.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Gynodiastylis megasiphon sp. nov.

Figures 184-187

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central

Bass Strait, 57 km S of Rodondo 1. (39°43.5'S,

146°18.8'E), 80 m, muddy shell, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan-

garoa. 13 Nov 1981 (stn HSS 159), NMV J48098

(ovigcrous female).

Paratypcs. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 57 km

Sof Rodondo I. (39°43.5'S. I46“I8.8'E), 80 m. muddy

shell, R.S. Wilson, RV Tungaroa, 13 Nov 1981 (stn

BSS 159), NMV J4810I (2 ovigcrous females); Tas.,

eastern Bass Strait, 100 km NE of North Point, Flinders

1., (38°52.6'S, I48°25,2'E), 140 m, fine sand, WHOI

epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV Taiigaroa. 15 Nov

1981 (stn BSS 170 S), NMV J48288 (1 adult male dis¬

sected); J48266 (I ovigerous female dissected).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, Vic.,

NSW, 34^0'’S, 146-15TE: 2 ovigcrous females, 3

subadult females, 8 undetermined. NMV J48099;

J48100; J48102; J48103; J48I04; J48105; J48106;

J48267; AM P55768; P55778.

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬

pace with entire ventrolateral ridge, with pair of

dorsal ridges, anterodorsal swelling. Eyelobe with

3 lenses. Siphon as long or longer than carapace.

Pereopod I propodus more than half carpus

length. Pereopod 2 with fine hairlike setae cover¬

ing merus-propodus. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus

and terminal seta unmodified. Pereopod 4 pro¬

duced as di.stinct. large lobes on basis;, ischium

and menis. Telson equal in length to uropod

peduneles, lateral margins serrate, bearing 1 pair

stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout terminal

setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae.

Uropod endopod triarticulate, equal to exopod.

Uropod tenninal setae with single subterminal

setule. Body length 3.7 mm. Adult male. As in

female, exeept with exopods on maxilliped

3-pereopod 4. Uropod endopod biartieulate.

Body length 3.6 mm.

Etymology. Megasiphon in reference to the

extremely long siphon.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 45-188 m.

Remarks. This .species is similar to Gynodiastylis

robusia. However, it can be distinguished by the

following characteristics; the siphon is extremely

long, the carapace has a different ridge pattern,

the carpus and propodus of pereopod 1 are elon¬

gate, pereopod 2 is as long as the carapace, and

pereonites 3 and 4 arc free. In comparison, in G.

rohiista, the siphon is shorter than the carapace,

the carapace has a boxy shape, pereopod I is less

elongate, pereopod 2 is shorter than the carapace,

and pereonites 3 and 4 are fused.

Gynodiastylis milleri Jones

Figure 188

Gynodiastylis milleri Jones, 1963; 75-76, figs

343-350.

Type material. Holotype. New Zealand, Auckland,

Devonporl Wharf, 3 fm. New Zealand Oceanographic

Institute (now NIWA) No. 10 (female, not seen).

Other material. Australia. Flinders 1., “The Hotspot”

reef, 5 n miles W of N end of Flinders 1. (33°40.50'S,

I34°22.()()'E), 17 m, tufted red algae on fiat rock face,

SCUBA. G.(7.B. Poore, FV Limnos, 19 Apr 1985 (stn

SA 63). NMV J48246 (I). Giles Point, by boat ramp

(35°3'S, I3746 E), 1 m, tufted algae on limestone reef,

G.C.B. Poore and I l.M. Lew Ton, 19 Mar 1985 (stn SA

38), NMV J48247 (3).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with few incomplete lateral ridges on the

anterior half of the carapace. Eyelobe with 3

lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus

length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.

Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and tcmiinal seta unmod¬

ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬

eral margins serrate and with 1 pair stout terminal

setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae.

Uropod endopod biartieulate, longer than exopod.

Uropod terminal setae simple. Body length 4.0

mm. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. SA, New Zealand; 1-17 m.

Remarks. In Jones (1963) the figure labelled pere¬

opod 3 is clearly a maxilliped 3 rather than

pereopod 3. This species can be distinguished

from Gynodiastylis carinata by the lesser number

of ridges.

Gynodiastylis multicarinata sp. nov.

Figures 189-190

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., eastern

Bass Strait. 30 km N of North Point, Flinders I.,

(39°26,3'S, 147°48.7'E), 49 m, medium sand, WHOI

epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 17 Nov

1981 (stn BSS 173 S), NMV J48006 (I ovigerous

female).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with many complete and incomplete lateral

ridges. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 1

propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2

with fine hairlike setae on merus and carpus.

Pereopods 3-5 with fine hairlike setae covering

several articles; dactylus and terminal seta

unmodified. Telson shorter than uropod pedun¬

cles, lateral margins smooth and without terminal

setae. Uropod rami with fine hairlike setae or bris¬

tles. Uropod endopod biartieulate, longer than

SARAH GERKEN

exopod. Uropod terminal setae with single subtcr-

minal setiile. Body length 2.3 mm. Adult male.

Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, carinatus meaning ridge

and multi referring to the plethora of horizontal

ridges present on the carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 49 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Gynodiastylis

lata and G. bicristata. In G. bicristata, a pair of

large sharp dorsal ridges are present; no such

ridges are present in G. multicarinata. In G. lata,

a lateral sulcus is present in the carapace; no such

sulcus is present in G. multicarinata.

Gynodiastylis nitida Harada

Figure 191

GynodiasIvUs nitida Harada. 1962; 295-297, tig.

I.—'Gamo, 1963; 88.—Gamo. 1968; 186.

Gynodiastylis nilidus. —Day, 1980; 202.

Type material. Holotype. Japan, off Sirahama and Shi-

moda, Giinchuko, 10-30 m, deposition unknown (not

seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace smooth and unomamented. Eyclobe with 6

lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus

length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.

Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and terminal seta unmod¬

ified. Telson equal in length to uropod peduncles,

lateral margins smooth and with 1 pair tiny ter¬

minal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike

setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulate, equal in

length to exopod. Uropod terminal setae with a

single long subterminal setule. Body length 4.4

mm. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution, .lapan; 10-30 m.

Remarks. In Japanese waters, the most similar

species is Gynodiastylis rotundicaudata. How¬

ever, G. nitida has a pointed rather than round tel¬

son, and does not have a membranous lamellae on

the medial margin of the carpus of pereopod I.

Gynodiastylis nordaustraliana Bacescu

Figure 192

Gynodiastylis nordaustraliana BScescu, 1991; 9-13,

fig. 2

Type material. Holotype. Australia. WA, North-west

Shelf, I9°04'S. ll8°5rE, 81 m, “Grigore Antipa”

Museum, Bucharest (damaged female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬

pace with many lateral ridges posterior of a ridge

sweeping dorsally from the anterolateral comer.

Eyelobc with 3 lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less

than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 with fine hair¬

like setae on margins. Pereopods 3-5 with fine

hairlike setae covering several articles, basis with

many stout teeth, dactylus and terminal seta

unmodified. Telson longer than uropod pedun¬

cles, lateral margins serrate and with 1 pair stout

terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike

setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate, longer than

exopod. Uropod tcmiinal setae microserrate with

single long subtemiinal setule. Body length

4.3^.5 mm. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. North-western Australia; 81 m.

Remarks. There is no lateral view, nor any indica¬

tion of antennae on Baccscu’s (1991) illustra¬

tions. He noted the two specimens were very

damaged. Also, figure 2F is apparently pereopod

4, as stated in the legend, not maxilliped 3 as

stated in the text. This species is similar to A.xiog-

ynodiastylis rochfordi and Gynodiastylis multi¬

carinata in the possession of multiple lateral

ridges on the carapace. Neither A. rochfordi nor

G. multicarinata have a ridge sweeping anteriorly

from the anteroventral corner of the carapace,

while G. nordaustraliana does have such a ridge.

Gynodiastylis platycarpus Gamo

Figure 193

Gynodiastylis platycarpus Gamo, 1961; 105-108,

figs 1-2.—Harada. 1962; 297-299, figs 2-3.—Gamo,

1963; 88.—Gamo. 1968; 186.—Day 1980; 202.

Type material. Holotype. Japan, Sagami Bay, off

Manazuru. 20-30 m, deposition unknown (not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with 1 short ridge on pseudorostral lobe (not

on pseudorostrum proper), with dorsal dark spots.

Eyelobe with 2 lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less

than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 without fine

hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus temiinal

seta dentate. Telson shorter than uropod pedun¬

cles, lateral margins serrate, with I pair lateral

setae and I pair stout terminal setae. Uropod rami

without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triar¬

ticulate, equal to exopod. Uropod temiinal setae

simple. Body length 3.7-3.9 mm. Adult male. As

in female, except carapace without dark spots,

with exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod 3. Body

length 2.2 mm.

Distribution. Japan; 20-30 m.

Remarks. According to Gamo (1961), even in liv¬

ing aninrals, the dark spots on the carapace that

are evident in the female are not found on the

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

male. The most similar species is Gynodiastylis

harlmeyeri, which can be distinguished by the tel-

son more than half the length of the uropod

peduncle, while in G. platycarpus the telson is

less than half the length of the uropod peduncle.

Gynodiastylis polita Hale

Figure 194

Gynodiastylis polita Hale, 1946: 384—387, figs

19-20.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, off

Eden, 60 m, SAM C2712 (ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, Vic.,

37-42°S, 148-149°E: 50 females, II males. NMV

J48219; J48220; J4822I:J48222;J48223;J48224.

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male. Cara¬

pace with indistinct incomplete midlatcral ridge

on anterior portion of carapace. Eyelobc with 3

lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus

length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.

Pereopods 3-5 without fine hairlike setae, dacty-

lus and terminal seta unmodified. Telson shorter

than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth,

with 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod rami

without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triar-

ticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod tenninal

setae with single long subterminal setule. Body

length 2.9 mm. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 43-1264 m.

Remarks. This species resembles G. hartmeyeri.

However, G. polita is larger, and the telson is

armed.

Gynodiastylis profunda Day

Figure 195

Gynodiastylis profundus Day, 1980: 208-210, fig. 6.

Type material. Holotype. .South Africa. Mozambique

Channel, 27°59'S, 32°40’E, 550 m. South African

Museum A15726 (ovigerous female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male. Cara¬

pace smooth, unoniamented except for pair of

dorsal carinac on pseudoro.stnim. Eyclobc with¬

out lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half

carpus length, carpus with median hyaline fringe.

Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike .setae. Pereopods

3-5 dactylus and tenninal seta unmodified. Tel¬

son shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral mar¬

gins smooth, without terminal setae. Uropod rami

without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod

uniarticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod tenni¬

nal setae microserrate distally with long setules,

with a single very long subterminal setule. Body

length 3.5^.2 mm. Adult male. As in female,

except with exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4.

Body length 3.7—4.6 mm.

Distribution. South Africa; 51-680 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Gynodiastylis

carinirostris. However, in G. profunda the

uropod endopod is uniarticulate, while in G.

carinirostris, the uropod endopod is triarticulate.

Gynodiastylis pyginaeoinsolitaseta sp. nov.

Figures 196-198

Material examined. Holotype. Australia, WA, North

Lumps. 2 km off Mullaloo (3I'’47.30'S, 115°42,80'E),

6 m, red algal turf on top of reef, SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore

and H.M. Lew Ton, 2 May 1986 (stn SWA 107), NMV

J48066 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., Tasman Sea, eastern

slope, 50 km S of Mallacoota (38”06.2'S, I49‘’45.5'E).

188 m, WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV Soela.

14 Oct 1984 (stn S05/84 30), NMV J48059 (22 oviger¬

ous females); Tas., central Bass Strait, 25 km SW of

Cape Frankland, Flinders 1. (40°09.4'S. 147°32,6'E).

51 m, shelly sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 14 Nov

1981 (stn BSS 162), NMV J48058 (11 adult male); Port

Phillip Bay, northern section (37'’53.0 S, 144°5L5'E),

8 m, sand. Smith-McIntyre grab, G.C.B. Poore and S.F.

Rainer et ah. FV Melita, 7 Jun 1971 (sin PPBES 901),

NMV J48063 (I ovigerous female dissected); J48064 (I

adult male dissected).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, Vic., SA.

NSW, 33-39°S, 134-150°E: 1 subadult male, 1

subadult female, 21 undetermined. NMV numerous

registrations; AM.

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male. Cara¬

pace smooth and unornamented. Eyclobc with 2

lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus

length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.

Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and tenninal seta unmod¬

ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬

eral margins thickly lined with fine hairlike setae,

and with I pair stout terminal setae. Uropod rami

without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triar¬

ticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod terminal

setae complex, microserrate distally with long

setules, tip expanded into disk covered with bris¬

tles, with single very long subtcnninal setule.

Body length 2.0-2.4 mm. Adult male. As in

female, except with exopods on maxilliped

3-percopod 4. Telson without fine hairlike setae

on lateral margin. Body length 2.8 mm.

Etymology. From Latin, pygmaeus meaning

dwarf, insolitus meaning unusual or odd, and

■setus in reference to the uropod terminal setae.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 2-188 m.

SARAH GERKEN

Remarks. This species is similar to all the small

species of Gynodiasty'lis with smooth, unoma-

mcntcd carapaces. However, the uropod terminal

setae of G. pvgmaeoinsolilaseta are unique within

the genus.

Gynodiastylis robusta Hale

Figures 199-203

Gynodiastylis robusta Hale, 1946: 369-371, figs 7-8.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., ofTBabel

1., 0-50 m, SAM C2724 (ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Tas.. Bass Strait, NSW,

Indonesia. Gag I., 34-42°S. 144 I51“E; 13 ovigerous

females, 51 subadult females. 7 adult males. 23

subadult males, 1 manca 1. 10 undetermined. NMV

numerous registrations: AM numerous registrations.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadidt male. Cara¬

pace with single ventral ridge running entire

length of carapace, with paired ridges on frontal

lobe, with deep lateral sulcus. Siphon short. Perc-

onites 3-4 fused. Eyclobc with 3 lenses. Percopod

1 propodus more than half carpus length. Perco¬

pod 2 without fine hairlike setae. Pcrcopods 3-5

dactylus and tenninal seta unmodified. Telson

shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins

serrate, with 1 pair stout lateral setae and I pair

stout terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine

hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triarticulale,

equal to exopod. Uropod tenninal setae with

single subterminal setule. Body length 4.4 mm.

Adult mate. As in female, except with exopods

on maxillipcd 3-pcreopod 4. Uropod endopod

biarticulate. Body length 3.2 mm.

Distribution. NSW, Tas., Bass Strait; 50-1424 m.

Remarks. This species is remarkable for the rela¬

tively long propodus on percopod 1, the boxy

(stout) carapace shape, and the fusion of pere-

onites 3 and 4 (unique within the family). The

most similar species is Gynodiastylis

megasiphon. However, the siphon of G.

megasiphon is longer than the carapace, while the

siphon of G. robusta is much shorter than the

carapace.

Gvnodiastylis rotundicaudata Gamo

Figure 204

Gvnodiastvlis rotundicaudatus Gamo, 1961:

106-109, figs 3^.—Gamo, 1963: 88.—Day, 1980:

202 .

Gvnodiastylis rotundicaudata Gamo, 1968: 186.

Type material. Japan, Sagami Bay, off Manazuru,

deposition unknown (not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara,

pace smooth, without ornamentation. Eyelobk

without lenses. Percopod I propodus less thm

half carpus length, carpus with medial hyalint

fringe. Percopod 2 without fine hairlike setae

Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and tenninal seta unmod¬

ified. Telson equal in length to uropod peduncles

lateral margins smooth and lined with fine hair¬

like setae, with 1 pair tiny tenninal setae. Uropoc

peduncle and endopod medial margins lined with,

fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulate.

longer than exopod. Uropod terminal setae with a

single subterminal setule. Body length 4.4 mm.

Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. Japan.

Remarks. In the original description by Gamo

(1961), the figure legends arc incorrect. The fig¬

ure labelled as Figure 2 is clearly the full body

drawing of the holotype of Gynodiastylis rotumli-

caudata, rather than G. platycarpus appendages,

as the figure legend states; consequently, the fig¬

ure labelled Figure 3 should be Figure 2. This

.species is based on a single specimen, col¬

lected by Gamo, and the deposition of the

holotype is unknown; no other specimens have

been collected. The mosl similar species arc

G. hartmeyeri, G. similis, G. carinirostris,

and G. platycarpus. However, G. hartmeyeri, G.

similis, and C. cctrinirostris have endopods with 2

or 3 articles, and G. platycarpus has a telson

much shorter than the uropod peduncles, with a

distinct stout pair of tenninal setae. In compari¬

son, G. rotundicaudata has an uniarticulate

uropod endopod and the telson is equal in length

to the uropod peduncles and bears a pair of tiny

terminal setae.

Gynodiastylis rtigosa sp. nov.

Figures 205-206

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. WA, ESE of

Penguin I., Wambro Sound. 32°18.5 S, I I5°41.6'E, 7

Nov 90. 3 m, AM P41250 (ovigerous female).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with many incomplete wavy ridge.s, giving

the carapace a rough appearance, with a lateral

depression in the anterior half of the carapace, and

dorsal carinae on the pscudorostrum. Eyelobe

without lemscs. Percopod 1 propodus less than

half carpus length. Percopod 2 with fine hairlike

setae on distal articles. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus

with teeth or bumps on the medial margin, ter¬

minal seta unmodified. Telson slightly shorter

than uropod peduncles, lateral margins weakly

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

serrate, bearing 1 pair stout lateral setae and 1 pair

stout terminal setae. Uropod rami margins lined

with fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triar-

ticulate, much longer than exopod. Uropod termi¬

nal setae terminally dentate with a single long

plumose tenninal setulc. Body length 9.0 mm.

Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, riigosa, meaning wrin¬

kled or shriveled, in reference to the rugose cara¬

pace.

DLstribution. WA; 3 m.

Remark.t. Only the holotype was observed. How¬

ever, this species is distinctive in both size and

carapace morphology. The only other species that

achieves a similar size is Gynodia.stylis ampla.

Gynodiastvlis rugosa can be differentiated from

G. c;m/;/a easily; in G. ampla, the rami of the

uropods are equal in length, while in G. rugo.sa

the uropod endopod is much longer than the

exopod.

Gynodiastylis sierra sp. nov.

Figures 207—208

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., western

Bass Strait, 59 km WNW of Cape Farewell, King 1.

(39°28'S, I43°I7'E), 103 m, coarse sand. Smith-

Mclntyre grab. G.C.B. Poore, HMAS Kimbla. 10 Oct

1980 (stn BSS 81), NMV J45311 (ovigeroiis female).

Diagnosis. .Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with paired dorsal ridges of spines, with a

solitary medial dorsal ridge of spines on the

frontal lobe. Eyclobe without lenses. Pereopod 1

propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2

with fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 with fine

hairlike setae covering several articles; dactylus

and terminal seta unmodified. Telson shorter than

uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth, with 1

pair tiny tenninal setae. Uropod endopod article 1

with fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod biartic-

ulate, equal to exopod. Uropod terminal setae

finely microserratc with a single subtenninal

setule. Body length 2.8 mm. Adult male.

Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, sierra meaning with a

jagged skyline.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 103 m.

Remarks. The architecture of the carapace is

very unusual, with 3 ridges of spines dorsally on

the frontal lobe. Unfortunately, only the holo¬

type is known, despite thorough searching of the

collections of Museum Victoria.

Gynodiastylis similis Zimmer

Figure 209

Cvnodiastviis simili.^ Zimmer, 1914: 189, figs

15-16.—Hale, 1936: 418-419, fig. 9.—Zimmer, 1941:

66, fig. 101.

Type material. Holotype. Australia. WA, Shark Bay,

NW of Middle Bluff, 7-8 fm, ZMB (female, not seen).

Material examined. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait. WA,

29-42°S. I I4-150"E: 7 ovigerous females, 11 subadult

females. 3 adult males, 9 subadult males. NMV J40664;

J20707; .122172; J45288; J40665; .140663; AM P55749.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace smooth and unomamented. Eyelobe without

lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half carpus

length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.

Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and tenninal seta unmod¬

ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles,

lateral margins smooth, without terminal setae.

Uropod rami covered with fine hairlike setae.

Uropod endopod biarticulate, equal to exopod.

Uropod terminal setae simple. Body length

2.0-2.2 mm. Adult male. As in female, except

with exopods on maxilliped 3 pereopod 4.

Uropod endopod uniarticulate. Body length 1.8-

2.0 mm.

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 3-400 m.

Remarks. The drawings of this species in the orig¬

inal description by Zimmer (1914) are vei^ sim¬

plified and w'eakly detailed. This species is most

similar to Gynodiastylis hartmeyeri, but can be

distinguished by the biarticulate uropod endopod

in the female and uniarticulate endopod in the

male, as the uropod endopod is triarticulate in

G. hartmeyeri.

Gynodiastylis strumosa Hale

Figure 210

Cvnodiasti'lis strumosa Hale, 1946: 407^09, figs

35-36.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., oft Babel

I., 39°55'S, 148‘’3rE, 0-50 m, SAM C2726 (ovigerous

female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, Vic.,

WA, NSW, I9-40°S, 118-I51°E: 22 ovigerous

females, 14 subadult females. NMV J40661; J40662:

J39672; J22I39; J39669; J45646; J45275; J22086;

J39686; J20670; AM P56230; P42013; P6I05().

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male.

Carapace with weak ridges and tumidities, with a

lateral sulcus. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod

1 broken. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike

setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and terminal seta

SARAH GERKEN

unmodified. Telson shorter than uropod pedun¬

cles, lateral margins serrate, with I pair stout lat¬

eral .setae and 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod

rami without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod

triarticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod terminal

setae simple. Body length 4.1 mm. Adult mate.

Unknown.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 22-200 m.

Remarks. Hale’s specimen and all the specimens

observed in this study have pereopod 1 broken,

therefore it is not entirely certain that this species

is in fact a Gynodiastylis.

Gynodiastylis suhtilis Hale

Figure 211

Gynodiastylis suhtilis Hale, 1946: 379-381, figs

14-15.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. NSW.

Ulladulla, 75 in, SAM C2671 (subadult female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, WA,

NSW. 19-40'’S. II5-15rE: 9 ovigerous females. 7

subadult females, 2 subadult males. 1 adult male. NMV

J45271; J39665: J45268: J45263: J39664; J20665;

320659; AM P55807; P55796.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace smooth and shiny, with a single partial

anteroventral ridge, extending 0.3 the carapace

length. Eyclobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 1 propo-

dus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 with¬

out fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus

and terminal seta unmodified. Telson slightly

shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins

serrate, with 1 or 2 pairs stout lateral setae and I

pair stout terminal setae. Uropod rami without

fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate,

longer than e,\opod. Uropod terminal setae with

single subterminal sctule. Body length 4.4 mm.

Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 30-82 m.

Remarks. This species is superficially similar to

Gynodiastylis polita. However, in G. polita the

telson is much shorter than the uropod peduncles

and the lateral margins are smooth, while in G.

subtilis the telson is only slightly shorter than the

uropod peduncles, and the lateral margins are

strongly serrate.

Gynodiastylis sulcata Day

Figure 212

Gynodiastylis sidcatus Day, 1980; 203-205, figs 3-4.

Type material. Holotype. South Africa, near Durban,

off Hibberdene, 30°37'S 30°40 E, 74 m. South African

Museum A15724 (ovigerous female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara

pace concave middorsally between pair of larg»,

sharp dorsolateral ridges, with 3 short latera

ridges posteriorly and I ventrolateral ridgt

extending the length of the carapace. Eyelobt

without lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than

half carpus length. Pereopod 2 without fine hair¬

like setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and terminal

seta unmodified. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins smooth, without ter¬

minal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike

setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer than

exopod. Uropod terminal setae simple. Body

length 2.7 mm. .Adult mule. As in female, except

with exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Body

length 2.7 mm.

Distribution. South Africa; 60-86 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Gynodi-

a.stylis bicristata. Flowever, the uropod exopod

articles are of equal length in G. sulcata, while in

G. bicristata uropod exopod article 1 is much

shorter than article 2. Day (1980) claimed the

presence of short lateral ridges posteriorly on the

carapace of G. .sulcata also differentiates the

species. However, weak short posterior lateral

ridges are present on the type material of

G. bicristata in the Copenhagen Museum,

although the ridges are very difficult to visualize

as the specimens are entirely decalcified and

transparent.

Gynodiastylis truncatifrons Hale

Figures 213-214

Gynodiastylis truncatifrons Hale, 1928; 43-45, figs

13-14,—Haie, 1937; 65,—Hale, 1946; 383-384. fig.

18.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. SA. Gulf St

Vincent, off Semaphore, 5 fm, SAM C1754 (female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, WA.

NSW, 18^2°S, 118-151 °E: 17 ovigerous females. 7

subadult females, 9 subadult males. NMV 339232;

322080; 345322; 322085; 339252; 320669; 320663;

320661; 345257; 322109; 322111; AM P56210; P56208.

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬

pace with distinct anterior medial-lateral ridge

mnning less than half carapace length, sweeping

dorsally to meet distal comer of pscudorostral

lobe, anterior half of ventral margin strongly ser¬

rate. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus

less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 without

fine hairjike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and

terminal seta unmodified. Telson equal in length

to uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth, with

1 pair stout lateral setae and I pair stout terminal

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

setae. Uropod rami margins lined with fine hair¬

like setae. Uropod cndopod biarticulate, longer

than exopod. Uropod terminal setae microserratc.

Body length 3.7-7.2 mm. Adult male. As in

female, except with exopods on maxilliped

3- pereopod 4. Body length 3.2-5.0 mm.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 30-130 m.

Remarks. This species is distinctive, with a

smooth shiny carapace with single ridge begin¬

ning ventrally at the anterolateral comer and

sweeping posteriorly and dorsal ly to meet the dis¬

tal comer of the pseudorostral lobe suture. In

some cases, the anterior margin of the carapace is

lined with long stout setae as well. However,

these setae are not always present.

Gynodiastylis tubicola Harada

Figure 215

Gynodiast)’tis tubicola Harada, 1962: 299-303, figs

4- 6.—Gamo, 1963: 88.—Game, 1968: 187.

Gynodiastylis tubicolus Day, 1980: 202.

Type material. Japan, Sagami Bay, off Shirahama, 30

m, deposition unknown (not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace with many partial and complete lateral

ridges, with a distinct lateral sulcus, pseudo¬

rostrum with pair of dorsal carinae. Eyelobe with

3 lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half car¬

pus length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.

Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and temiinal seta unmod¬

ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬

eral margins smooth, with 1 pair lateral setae,

lined with fine hairlike setae, and 1 pair small ter¬

minal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike

setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, equal to exo¬

pod. Uropod temiinal setae with single subtcr-

minal setule. Body length 3.7 mm. Adidt male. As

in female, except with exopods on maxilliped

3-pereopod 4. Body length 2.7 mm.

Distribution. Japan; 30 m.

Remarks. This is the first species of cumacean

reported to constmct tubes (Harada, 1962).

Gynodiastylis tubifacturex sp. nov.

Figures 216-221

Material e.xaminvd. Holotype. Australia. Cobblers

(Bate Bay), NSW, Australia. ISPIO'E, 34°07'S, 50 m,

3 Jan 91 (stn T4-324 S2 Rl), AM P55794 (ovigerous

female).

Paratypes. Australia. NSW, Cobblers (Bate Bay),

151°10'E, 34°07'S, 50 m, 3 Jan 91, AM P558I4 (I

adult male); P55803 (1 ovigerous female, I adult male);

P55800 (1 subadult female); P55792 (I ovigerous

female dissected); P55806 (1 adult male dissected);

Cobblers (Bate Bay), 151°10 E, 34''07'S, 50 m, 29 Oct

90, P55753 (1 ovigerous female); NSW, E of Providen¬

tial Head. Wattamolla, 151'’08.5'E, 34'’08'S, 50 m, 11

Jan 90, P56096 (1 ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, NSW,

34-37‘’S, 148-151 °E: 7 ovigerous females, 23 subadult

females, 8 adult males, 2 subadult males. NMV J48094;

J39687; AM numerous registrations.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬

pace smooth, shiny, unomamented. Eyelobe with¬

out lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half

carpus length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike

setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus medial margin with

teeth or bumps, and terminal seta dentate. Telson

shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins

smooth, with 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod

exopod with fine hairlike setae. Uropod endo¬

pod biarticulate, much longer than exopod.

Uropod tenninal setae microserrate distally,

with single subtenninal setule, tip of seta bent lat¬

erally 90 degrees. Body length 6.3 mm.

Adult male. As in female, except with exopods

on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Body length

4.2 mm.

Etymology’. From Latin, tubus meaning tube, and

facturex meaning builder or creator.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 1—70 m.

Remarks. In the adult males, there are grooves in

the underside of the pseudorostral lobes and

inside the carapace in whieh both pairs of anten¬

nae arc hidden. The first antennae are much

shorter than the pseudorostral lobes in both sexes,

and are generally not visible externally. This is

the only species in which the first antennae are

not visible externally.

Haliana Day

Haliana Day, 1980: 215-218.

Type species. Haliana eckloniae Day, 1980.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Pseu¬

dorostral lobes horizontal. Eye lobe with

lenses. First antenna small to moderate. Pereopod

I with distinct brush of long setae on propodus.

Female entirely without exopods. Uropod cndo¬

pod of 2 articles. Telson shorter than pleonite

6, with pair of terminal setae. Adult male.

Unknown.

Distribution. South Africa (34°58 S, 18°21 E),

4 m.

Species. Haliana eckloniae Day, 1980.

SARAH GERKEN

Remarks. Day (1980) considered this genus

problematic, in the remarkable similarity to

Gynodiastylis sensu Hale. 1946 (incorporating

species both with and without a brush of setae on

the propodus of pereopod 1), but felt that she

could not dilute the generic definition of Gynodi¬

astylis to include a species entirely without

exopods in the female. As her material con¬

sisted of three females, identical in the lack of

exopods, it is clear that the lack of exopods is not

due to an aberration of a single individual. With

the division of Gynodia.ityUs sensu Hale pre¬

sented in this paper, Haliana can now be regarded

as a good genus.

Haliana eckloniae Day

Figure 222

Haliana eckloniae Day, 1980: 215-218, fig. 9.

Type material. Holotype. South Africa, Cape Peninsula.

Oudckraal. 34°58'S 18°2rE. in holdfast of Ecklonia

ma.xima. South African Museum A15729 (ovigerous

female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult females and suhadult males.

Carapace with 3 distinct lateral ridges. Pseudo¬

rostrum with pair of indistinct dorsal carinae.

Eyelobc without pigment, with 2 slightly raised

areas. Pereopod I propodus about half the length

of the carpus. Percopods 2-5 with fine hairlike

setae on the margins. Percopods 3-5 dactylus

with hooked terminal .seta. Tekson much shorter

than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth,

with 1 pair tiny terminal setae. Uropod endopod

biarticulate, much longer than exopod. Uropod

terminal setae simple. Body length 2.8 mm. Adult

male. Unknown.

Distribution. South Africa; 4 m.

Remarks. Day (1980) considered this a good

species within a problematic genus (see remarks

on the genus).

Acknowledgements

The author is indebted to Museum Victoria,

the South Australian Museum, Australian

Museum, Zoological Mu.seum of Copenhagen,

and Smithsonian Institution National Museum

of Natural Hi.story for access to type and non¬

type collections and generous loans of cumacean

material. Also, Museum Victoria, the South

Australian Museum, and Australian Museum

generously provided both working space and

assistance in field collection.

This work was largely funded by a grant

from the National Science Foundation PEET

(Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in

Taxonomy) program to Les Watling and Irv'inj

Komfield. The Diane du Plessis Memorial

Scholarship helped support the author whiU

writing this monograph. Additionally, the Univer-I

sity of Maine at Orono Association of Graduate

Students generously provided support on multiple

occasions for travel to present portions of this

work and for fieldwork.

The holotype specimen of Gynodiastylis

arahica was collected as part of an environmental

study conducted in offshore Abu Dhabi by TEX-

PLOR for the HSE Department of the Zakurn

Development Company (ZADCO).

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tacea: Malacostraca) from Antarctic waters with

the description of Gynodiastylis juzdzewskii, a new

species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of

IVashington 112 (2): 362-367.

Caiman, W. T., 1904. On the Cumacca collected by

Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. Ceylon

Pearl Oyster Fisheries. Supplementary Report 12:

159-180.

Caiman, W. T., 1911. On new or rare Crustacea of the

Order Cumacea from the collection of the Copen¬

hagen Museum. Part II. Transactions of the

Zoological Society of London 18: 341 -399.

Corbera, J., 2000. Systematics and distribution of

cumaceans collected during BENTART-95 cruise

around South Shetland Islands (Antarctica).

Sciencia Marina 64 (1): 9-28.

Dallwitz, M. J., Paine, T.A. and Zurcher, E.J., 1999.

User's guide to the DELT.4 system: a general

system for processing taxonomic descriptions.

Fourth Edition. CSIRO Division of Entomology:

Canberra. 210 pp.

Day, J., 1977. South African Cumacea, Part 3: Families

Lampropidae and Ceratocumatidae. Annals of the

South African Museum 76(3): 137-189.

Day, J., 1980. South African Cumacea, Part 4: F.imilies

Gynodiastylidae and Diastylidae. Annals of the

South African Museum 82 (6): 187-292.

Gamo, S., 1961. On two new species of cumacean

cmstacean genus Gynodiastylis (Diastylidae).

Zoological Magazine, Tokyo 70: 105 109.

Gamo., S., 1962. On the cumacean Cmstacea from

Tanabe Bay. Kii Peninsula. Publications of the

Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 10 (2):

153-210.

Gamo, S., 1963. On the cumacean Crustacea obtained

from Amami-Oshima Island, southern Japan.

Science Reports of the Yokohama National

University, section 2, Biology and Geology (10):

29-60.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

Gamo, S., 1968. Studies on the Cumacea (Crustacea,

Malacostraca) of Japan. Part III. Publications of

the Seta Marine Biological Laboratory’ 16 (3);

147-192.

Gamo, S., 1986. A new cumaccan, Zimmerianu azumai

sp, nov. (Cru.stacea) from Japan. Bulletin of the

Biogeographical Society of Japan 41 (5): 37^3.

Gerkcn, S. and Gross, .1., 2000. Gynodiastylis lacini-

acristatus. sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cumacea) from

Australia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of

Washington 113 (1) 95-103.

Hale, H.M., 1928. Australian Cumacea. Transactions of

the Roval Society of South Australia 52: 31-47.

Hale, 11 .m!, 1929. The crustaceans of South Australia.

Part 2. South Australian Government Printer;

Adelaide, pp. 202-380.

Hale. H.M., 1936. Tlirce new Cumacea from South

Australia. Records oj the South Australian

Museum 5 (4): 395—438.

Hale, 11.M., 1937. Further notes on the Cumacea of

South Australia. Records of the South Australian

Museum 6(1): 61-74.

Hale, H.M., 1946. Australian Cumacea, No. 12, the

family Diastylidae (part 2) Gynodiastylis and

related genera. Records of the South Australian

Museum 8 (3): 357^44.

Hale, H.M., 1951. Australian Cumacea, No. 17, the

family Diastylidae (cont.). Records of the South

Australian Museum 9 (4); 355-370.

Harada, I., 1962. Cumaccan fauna of Japan 11, family

Diastylidae (Part 2), Genus Gynodiastylis.

Japanese Journal oj Zoology 13 (3): 293—306.

Hessler, R.R. and Walling, L.. 1999. Lcs peracarides:

un groupe controverse. In: Forest, J. Traite de zoo-

logie. Anotomic, syslematique, biologic ... Tome

7 Crustaccs Fascicule 3A Peracarides. Memoires

de rinstitut Oceanographique. Monaco 19; 1-10.

Jones, N.S., 1963. The marine fauna of New Zealand:

crustaceans of the Order Cumacea. Ne\v Zealand

Oceanographic Institute Memoir 23: 1-81.

Jones, N.S.,"l969. The systcmatics and distribution of

Cumacea from depths exceeding 200 meters.

Galathea Reports 10: 100-180.

Norman, A.M., 1869. Shetland final dredging report.-

Part II. On the Crustacea, Tunicata, Polyzoa.

Echinodcrmata, Actinia, Hydrozoa, & Porifcra.

Report of the British Association for the Advance¬

ment of Science (Norwich, 1868) 38; 247-336.

Malzahn., E., 1972. Cumaceenfunde aus dem nieder-

rhcinischen Zcchstein. Geologische Jahrbucher

90:441-62.

Reyss, D., 1975. Deux Cumaces nouvcaux de I’Atlan-

tique tropical: Atlantistylis chauvini n. g.. n. sp.

(Diastylidae) et P.seudodiastylis delamarei n. sp

(Lampropidae). Crustaceana 28 (2); 168-179.

Sars. G.O., 1869. Undersogelser over Christianaljor-

dcns Dybvands-fauna. Nyt Magazin for Naturei-

denskaberne. Christiania 16; 305-362.

Sars, G.O., 1900. An account of the Crustacea of

Norw ay with short descriptions and figures of all

the species. Vol. 3. Cumacea. Bergen Museum:

Bergen. 114 pp.

Say, T., 1818. An account of the Crustacea of the

United Stales (continued). Journal of the Academy

of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4: 313-319.

Stebbing, T.R.R., 1893. A History of Crustacea. Recent

Malacostraca. Regan Paul. Trench, Trilbner and

Co.: London, xvii, 466 pp.

Stebbing, T.R.R., 1912. The Sympoda, Part 6. Annals of

the South African Museum 10: 129-176.

Stebbing, T.R.R., 1913. Cumacea. Das Tierreich 39:

1 - 210 .

Watling, L., 1989. A classification system for crus¬

tacean setae based on the homology concept. In

Fclgenhauer, B.E., Watling. L. and Thistle, A.B.,

Functional morphology of feeding and grooming

in Crustacea. Crustacean Issues 6: 15-26.

Zimmer, C., 1913. Die Cumaceen dcr Dcutshen Siidpo-

lar-Expedition 1901-1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-

Expedition 1901-03 14 (3); 437-^91.

Zimmer, C., 1914. Cumacea. Die Fauna Siidwest-Aus-

traliens 5: 176-195.

Zimmer, C., 1941. Cumacea. Bronns Klassen und Ord-

ntingen des Tierreichs 5 (1)4: 1-266.

Zimmer, C., 1952. Indochinesische Cumaceen. Mit-

teilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin

28: 5-35.

SARAH GERKEN

pereopod

pereopod 2

Side view

siphon

elson

eyelobe

thorax

pseudorostrum

Dorsal view

( ^

/abdomen

[ 5

Figure 1. Full body figures of ovigerous female, Axiogynodiastylis rochfordi (Hale, 1946),

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 2. Dorsal and side body views and all appendages of ovigerous female, Litogynodiastylis gongyla sp.

SARAH GERKEN

ovigerotis female 'Gynodiasfylis tubifaciurex'

adult male Gynodiastylis tubifacturex

adult male Diastylis laevis

Figure 3. Ovigerous female and adult male, Gynodiastylis tubifacturex sp. nov., and adult male, Diastylis laexis

Norman, 1869 (from Sars, 1900). Note difference in length of antenna 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 4. Allodiastylis acanthanasillos. Holotype subadult female. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view.

C, antenna 1. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 2. F, telson and uropods.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 5. Allodiastylis acanthanasillos. Holotype subadult female. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 3. C, percopod 4. D.

pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 6. Allodiastylis acanthodes. Subadult female, NMV J48273. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal

view. C, antenna 1. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 7. Allodiastylis acanthodes. Subadult female, NMV J48273. A, maxilliped 2. B, maxillipcd 3. C, pcreopcd

I. D, pereopod 2. E, pereopod 3. F, percopod 4. G, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 8. Allodiaslylis acanthodes. A, telson and uropods, subadult female NMV J48273. B-D, adult male J48272.

B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, telson and uropods.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 9. Allodiastylis acanthodes. Adult male, NMV J48272. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view- C,

antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod I. G, pereopod 2. H, pereopod 5.

- J

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 10. AUodiastylis crclaia Hale, 1936 (scanned from Hale, 1936). Adult male and adult female. A, female full

body, side view, aberrant female (normal females have the pseudoroslral lobes directed dorsally, as in other mem¬

bers of the genus). B, female, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, male, dorsal view. Type female. E,

antenna 1. F, ma.\illiped 3. G, percopod 1. H, pereopod 2. 1, dorsal view, telsons and uropod. J, lateral view, telson.

Paratype male. K. antenna 1. L. maxilliped 3. M. pereopod 1. N, pereopod 2. O. percopod 3. P, percopod 4. Q,

dorsal view, telson and uropod. R, lateral view, telson.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 11. Allodiaslylis hirtipes Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Adult female. A, dorsal view. B, full body-

side view. C, pereopod 1. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 3. F, telson and uropod. G, antenna 1. H, pcreopod 2. 1, tcl~

son apex.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 12. Allodkistvlis johnsumi Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). A. type female, full body, side view. B,

paratype male, full body, side view. C, paratype male, dorsal view. D, male pseudorostral lobes, side view. E, male

maxilliped 3. F, female maxillipcd 3. G, female uropod. H, female uropod and telson. I, male uropod and telson. J,

male pereopod I. K, female percopod I. L, female pereopod 2. M, female percopod 3. N, male pereopod 3. O, male

antenna 1. P, male antenna 2. Q, male pereopod 2. R, female antenna I.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 13. Allodiastylis tenuipes Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2702. A, full body,

side view. B, dorsal view. C, pereonites 5-6 and telson. D, pereopod 2. E, pereopod 3. F, telson and uropod. G, pere-

opod I. H, maxilliped 3. 1, pseudorostral lobes, side view. J, antenna 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 14. Dayiis acanthus. Ovigerous female, NMV J45454. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, mandibles.

D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 15. Dayus acanthus. Ovigerous female, NMV J45454. A, pereopod I. B, pereopod 2. C, pcrcopod 3. D, pcrc-

opod 4. E, pereopod 5. F, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 16. Dayus acanthus. Adult male, NMV J45452. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna 2. D, max-

illiped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, pereopod 2. G, pereopod 3. H, pereopod 4. 1, pereopod 5. J, telson and uropods.

^^1

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 17. Dayus makrokolosus. Ovigerous female, NMV J45461. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna

2. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 18. Dayus makrokolosus. Ovigerous female, NMV J45461. A, pereopod 1. B, pcreopod 2. C, pereopod 3. D,

pereopod 4. E, pereopod 5. F, telson and uropods.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 19. Dayus makrokolosus. Adult male, NMV J45462. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view.

antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod I.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 20. Dayus makrokolosus. Adult male, NMV J45462. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, pere-

opod 5.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 21. Dayuspharocheradus. Ovigerous female, dorsal view NMV J45450, all others J45445. A, full body, side

view. B, full body, dorsal view. C, mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, max-

illiped 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 22. Dayuspharocheradus. Ovigerous female, NMV J45445

pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

A, antenna 1. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 2. D,

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 23. Dayuspharocheradus. Adult male, NMV J48265. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view C,

antenna 1. D, antenna 1. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1.

-Q.5 mm

uuu

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 24. Dayuspharocheradiis. Adult male, NMV J48265. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, tel-

son and uropods.

SARAH GERK.EN

Figure 25. Eogx’nodiaslylis aganaktikos. Subadult female, NMV J47970. A, full body,side view. B, antenna I. C.

mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 26. Eogynodiastylis aganaktikos. Subadull female, NMV J47970. A, maxilliped 1. B, ma.xillipcd 2. C, max-

illiped 3. D, pcreopod I. E, pereopod 2. F, pereopod 3. G, pereopod 4. H, pereopod 5, I, telson and uropods.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 27. Eogynodiasly lis laciniacristalus (Gerken and Gross, 2000) (reproduced from Gerken and Gross, 2000).

Paratype female, NMV J45434. A, telson and uropods. B, maxilliped 2. C. full body, side view. D, maxilliped 3. E,

antenna 1. F, mandibles. G, maxilla 2. H, maxilla 1. 1, pereopod 1. J, pereopod 2. K, pereopod 3. L, percopod 4. M,

maxilliped 1. N, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 28. Eogynodiastylis paeminosa. Subadult female, NMV J49976. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,

antenna 2. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilliped 1. F, maxilliped 2. G, maxilliped 3. H, pereopod 2.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 29. Eogynodiastylis paeminosa. Subadult female, NMV J49976. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod

4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 30. Eogynodiastylis paeminosa. Subadult male, NMV J49974. full body, side view.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 31. Litogynodiastylis alala. Subadult female, NMV J48276. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal

view. C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilliped 1. H, maxillipcd 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

Figure 32. Litogynodiastylis alata. Subadult female, NMV J48276. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 2.

D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 33. Litogynodiastylis alata. A. Subadult female, NMV J48276, telson and uropods. B, Adult male, J48275,

telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

Figure 34. Litogynodiastylis alala. Adult male, NMV J48275. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view. C,

antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 35. Litogynodiastylis alata. Adult male, NMV J48275. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pereopod 3. D, pere-

opod 4. E, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 36. LUogynodiastylis amhigtm (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Hale’s type A and type B females.

Al, full body, side view. A2, dorsal view. A3, antenna 1. A4, maxilliped 3, A5, percopod 2. A6, pereopod 1. A7,

telson and uropods. A8, percopod 3, A9, telson. A10, side view of telson. B1, full body, side view. B2, dorsal view.

B3, telson.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 37. Litogynodiastylis ambigua (Hale. 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Hale’s type C. A. male, full body,

side view. B, male, dorsal view. C, female, dorsal view. D, female, tclson and uropod. E. male, telson and uropod.

F-L, male. F, pseudorostral lobes, side view. G, pereopod 2. H, dorsal view, tclson apex. 1, pereopod 1. J, antenna

I. K. antenna 2. L, pereopod 3.

Figure 38. Litogsmodiastylis aUemuita (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type male, SAM C2678, C2680.

A, full body, side view, B, dor.sal view. C, antennae 1 and 2. D, pereopod 2. E, percopod 1. F, telson and uropod.

G, pereopod 3. H, ocular lobe, dorsal view.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 39. Litogynodiastylis brevipes (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2656. A, full

body, side view. B, dorsal view, pseudorostral lobes. C, dorsal view. D, maxilliped 3. E, antenna 1. F, pcreopod 1.

G, pereopod 2. H, telson and uropod. I, pereopod 3. J, mandible. K, telson apex.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 40. Litogynodiastylis caperala. Molotype subadult female, NMV J48003. A, full body, side view. Paratype

subadult female, NMV J48005. B, antenna 1 C, maxilla 1. D, maxilla 2, E, maxilliped 1. F, maxilliped 2. G, max-

illiped 3.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 41. Litogymodiastylis caperata. Subadult female paratype, NMV J48005. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C,

pcreopod 3. D, pereopod 4. E, pereopod 5. F, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 42. Lilogynodiastylis charadra. Hoiotype ovigerous female, NMV J47999. A, full body, side view. B,

antenna I. C, maxillipcd 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pcreopod 2. F, pereopod 3. G, pereopod 4. H, pereopod 5.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 43. Lilogynodiaslylis charadra. A, pcreopod 1, holotype ovigerous female, J47999. B, telson and uropods.

holotype ovigerous female, NMV J47999. C, telson and uropods, adult male NMV J23417.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 44. Litogynodiastylis charadra. Adult male, NMV J23417. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I. C, antenna

2. D, maxilliped I. E, maxilliped 2. F, maxilliped 3. G, pereopod I.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 45. Litogynodiastylis charadra. Adult male, NMV J23417. A, pcrcopod 2. B, pcreopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D,

pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 46. Litogynodiastylis concava (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946), Type female. A, full body, side view.

B, Dorsal view. C, pcrcopod I. D, pereopod 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, telson and uropod. G, antenna 1. H, pereopod 3.

1, telson apex.

100

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 47. Litogynodiastylis crenagloba. Holotype subadult female, NMV J45316. A, full body, side view. B, full

body, dorsal view. C, antennae 1 and 2. D, maxilliped 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

101

Figure 48. Litogynodiaslylis crenagloba. Holotype subadult female, NMV J45316. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3,

C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

102

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 49. Litogynodiastylis echinata (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Holotype female SAM C2652. A,

full body, side view. B, Dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, antennae 1 and 2. E, pereopod 1. F, telson and uropod. G,

pereopod 2. H, pereopod 3.1, telson, side view.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

103

Figure 50. LitogynodiastyHs gongylu. Holotype ovigerous female, NMV J45465, full body views, paratype ovigen¬

ous female, J45466 all others. A, full body, side view. B, full body dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, mandibles. E, max¬

illa I. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1. H, maxilliped 2. I, maxilliped 3. J, pereopod 1. K, pereopod 2.

104

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 51. Litogynodiastylis gongyla. A-D, ovigerous female, NMV J45466; E-J, adult male, J48252 A, pcreopod

3. B, pereopod 4. C, pereopod 5. D, telson and uropods. E, pereopod 1. F, percopod 2. G, pereopod 3. H, pcreopod

4. 1, pereopod 5. J, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

105

Figure 52. Lilogymodiastylis gongyla. A, C, adult male, NMV J48256; B, D-F, adult male, J48252, A, full body, side

view. B, full body, dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 2. F, maxilliped 3.

n.Smm

106

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 53. Utog\'nodiastylis inepta (Hale, 1951) (scanned from Hale, 1951). Type male, SAM C3262. A, full body,

side view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, pereopod 2. E, pereopod 3. F, pereopod 1. G, telson and uropod. H, tel-

son apex. 1, uropod.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

107

Figure 54. Litogymodiastylis laevis (Caiman, 1911) (scanned from Jones, 1963). Female. A, antenna 1. B, antenna

2. C, telson and uropod. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, full body, side view. G, pereopod 2. H, pereopod 3.

108

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 55. Litogynodiastylis lewtonae. Adult male, NMV J48284 A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view.

C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilla 2. H, maxilliped 1. 1, maxilliped 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

109

Figure 56. Litogynodiastylis lewtonae. Adult male, NMV J48284. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 3.

D, pereopod 4.

110

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 57. Litogynodiastylis lewtonae. Adult male, NMV J48284. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 5. C, telson and

uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 58. Litogynodiastylis liiniacaiic/ala. Ovigerous females NMV J48092: A, female I; B-J, female 2. A, full

body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, mandible. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, Maxil-

lliped 3. 1, pereopod I. J, pereopod 2.

Figure 59. Lilog^modiastylis lumacaudata. Ovigerous female NMV J48277. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C, pere-

opod 5. D, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

113

Figure 60. Litogynodiastylis margarita (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female SAM C2689, type

subadult male SAM C2690. A, female, full body .side view. B, male, side view. C, female, dorsal view. D-K, female.

D, percopod 3. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod I. G, pereopod 2. H, telson and uropod. 1, pseudorostral lobes. J,

antenna I. K, antenna 2.

114

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 61. Lilogynodiastylis microornata. A, holotype subadult female, NMV J48261; B-H, paratype adult female,

NMV J48260. A, full body, side view. B, carapace and thorax, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E.

mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilla 2. H, maxilliped 1. 1, maxilliped 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

115

Figure 62. Litogynodiastylis microoniata. Paratype adult female, NMV J48260. A, maxilliped 3, B, pereopod 1. C,

pereopod 2. D, pereopod 5.

116

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 63. Litogynodiastylis microornata. Paratype adult female, NMV J48260, A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C,

telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

117

Figure 64. Litogynodiastylis microornata. Paratype adult male, NMV J48259. A, full body, side view. B, antenna

I. C, antenna 2. D, pereopod 1.

118

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 65. Litogynodiastylis microornata. Paratype adult male, NMV J48259. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C,

pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

119

Figure 66. Litogynodiastylis mtinda (Hale, 1951) (scanned from Hale, 1951). Type female, SAM C3249. A, dorsal

view. B, full body, side view. C, pseudorostral lobes. D, telson apex. E, pereopod 1. F, telson and uropod. G, antenna

1. H, pereopod 3. 1, pereopod 2.

Figure 67. Litogynodiastylis mutahilis (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type male and female, SAM

C2692, C2714. A, female, full body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, male, dor¬

sal view. E, male, pereopod 2. F, female, percopod 2. G, female, pereopod 4. H, male, tcison and uropod. 1, female,

telson and uropod. J, male, pereopod 4. K, male, antenna 2. L, female, side view carapace. M, female, antennae 1

and 2. N, male, telson apex. O, female, telson apex. P, male, side view carapace. Q, mandible.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

121

Figure 68, Utog\’nodiastylis mutahHis (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Juvenile female. A, pereopod 1. B,

pcreopod 2. C, pereopod 4. D, antennae 1 and 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, telson and uropod. G, side view, carapace. H,

ocular lobe, dor.sal view. 1, telson apex. J, full body, side view. K, telson, side view. L, dorsal view.

122

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 69. Litogynodiastylis onuita (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type male and female, SAM C2337,

C2668. A, female, full body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, male, dorsal view.

E-H, female. E, pereopod 1. F. pereopod 2. G, antenna 1. H, telson and uropod. 1, male, telson and uropod. J, female,

maxilliped 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

123

Figure 70. Litogymodiaslylis poorei. Ovigerous female, NMV J48153. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal

view. C, antenna 1. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped I. H, maxilliped 2.

124

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 71. Litogynodiaslylis poorei. Ovigerous female, NMV J48153. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod

2. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

Figure 72. Lilogynodiastylis poorei. Adult male, NMV J29107. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view.

C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod I.

126

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 73. Lilogynodiastylis poorei. Adult male, NMV J29107. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D,

pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

127

Figure 74. Litogymodiastylispseudomargarita. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48289 A, full body, side view. B,

full body, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1.

128

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 75. Litogynodiastylis pseudomargarita. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48289. A, pereopod 2. B, pereo-

pod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

129

Figure 76. Litogy’nocliastylis quadricristata (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2682. A,

full body, side view. B, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 1. E, pereopod 2. F, telson and uropod. G, pseu-

dorostral lobes. H, antenna 1. 1, pereopod 3.

130

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 77. Litogynodiasiytis roscida (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2744. A, full

body, side view. B, dorsal view. C, pereopod 1. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 2. F, telson and uropod. G, telson apex,

side view. H, antennae 1 and 2. 1. pereopod 3. J, telson.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

131

Figure 78. Litogynodiastylis sernita. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48263. A, full body, side view. B, full body,

dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1. H, maxilliped 2.

132

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 79. Litogynodiastylis serrata. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48263. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C,

pereopod 2. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

133

Figure 80. Litogynodiastylis serrala. Paratype adult male, NMV J48264. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,

antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 2. F, pereopod 3.

134

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 81. Litogynodiastylis serrata. Paratype adult male, NMV J48264. A, pereopod 4. B, pereopod 5. C, telson

and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

135

Figure 82. Litogynodiastylis trachyphasis. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48079. A, full body, side view. B,

antenna 1. C, maxilla 2. D, maxilliped 1. E, maxillipcd 2. F, maxilliped 3. G, pereopod 1. H, pereopod 2. 1, pereo-

pod 3. NMV J, pereopod 4. K, pereopod 5. L, telson and uropods.

136

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 83. Litogynodiastylis trachyphasis. Adult male, NMV J48080. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,

antenna 2. D, maxilliped 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1. G, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

137

Figure 84. LHogynodiastylis trachyphasis. Adult male, NMV J48080. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C, pereopod

5. D, telson and uropods.

138

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 85. Ulogvnociiastylis tumkla (Hale, 1937) (scanned from Hale, 1937). Type male and female. SAM C2144,

C2145. A. female, dorsal view. B, female, antennal notch. C, female, full body, side view. E, male, full body, side

view. F-L female, F, maxilliped 3. G, antenna I. H. pereopod 1.1, telson and uropod. J, pereopod 4. K. pcreopod 2.

L, pereopod 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

139

Figure 86. Litogymodiasn'lis tumida (Hale, 1937) other forms (scanned from Hale, 1946). A, Tasmanian female,

dorsal view. B, Spencer Gulf female, donsal view. C, Spencer Gulf male, dorsal view. D-H, Spencer Gulf male.

U, telson and uropod. E, pereopod 2. F, antenna I, (lagella. G, pereopod 4, terminal articles. H, pereopod 1. I,

Tasmanian female, antenna 2.

140

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 87. Litogynodiastylis turgida (Hale, 1936) (scanned from Hale, 1936). Type male and female, SAM CI750.

A, male, full body, side view. B, male, dorsal view. C, male, side view, demonstrating alternative ridge pattern. D,

male, antennae 1 and 2. E, percopod 1. F, pereopod 3. G, telson and uropod. H, maxilliped 3. I, pereopod 2. J, pcre-

opod 4. K, percopod 5. L, female, full body, side view. M, pereopod 5. N, uropod.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

141

Figure 88. Litogynodiastylis vicaria (Hale, 1951) (scanned from Hale, 1951). Type male, SAM C3224. A, full body,

side view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 2. D, antenna 1. E, pereopod 2. F, pereopod 2. G, telson and uropod. H, pere-

opod 5. 1, pereopod 1. J, pereopod 4. K, pereopod 4.

142

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 89. Sheardia antennata Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2699. A, full body, side

view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, pereopod 3. E, maxilliped 3. F, lelson and uropod. G, pereopod 2. H, pereo-

pod 1. I, pereopod 1 dactyl. J, telson, side view. K. telson, dorsal view.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

143

Figure 90. Dicoules areolala Hale, 1946. Ovigerous female, NMV J47991. A. full body, side view. B, antenna 1.

C, mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3.

X X

SARAH GERKEN

144

Figure 91. Dicoides areolaia Hale, 1946. Ovigerous female, NMV J47991. A, pereopod 1 basis. B, pereopod 2. C,

pereopod 3. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

145

Figure 92. Dicoides hrevidactylum (Hale, 1937) (seanned from Hale, 1937). Type female and male, SAM C2151,

C2152. A, male, full body, side view. B, male, dorsal view. C, female, full body, side view. D, female, pereopod 2.

E, female, pereopod 1. F, female, telson and uropod.

146

SARAH GERKEN

J-OX

Figure 93. Dicoides fletti Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female and male, SAM C2341. A, male, side

view. B. male, dorsal view. C, female, full body, side view. D, female, dorsal view. E-M, female. E, pereopod 1. F,

telson and uropod. G, maxilliped 3. H, pereopod 3. 1, exopod of pereopod 4. J, pereopod 2. K, antennae 1 and 2. L.

antenna I terminal articles. M, telson apex.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

147

Figure 94. Dicoides micron. Ovigerous female, NMV J4829I. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view. C,

antenna 1. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1. H, maxilliped 2.

148

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 95. Dicoides micron. Ovigerous female, NMV J48291. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 2. D,

pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA) 149

Figure 96. Dicoides micron. A, telson and uropods, ovigerous female NMV J48291. B, telson and uropods, adult

male NMV J48293.

150

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 97. Dicoides micron. Adult male, NMV J48293. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view. C, antenna

1. D, antenna 2. E, pereopod 1. F, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

151

Figure 98. Dicoides micron. Adult male, NMV J48293. A, maxilliped 3. B. pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, pereo-

pod 5.

152

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 99. Dicoides minusculus. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48030. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,

mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3. I, pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

153

Figure 100. Dicoides minusculus. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48030. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pere-

opod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

154

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 101. Dicoides minusctdus. Subadult male, NMV J48031. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna

2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

155

Figure 102. Dicoides mUmsculus. Subadult male, NMV J48031. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C, pereopod 5. D,

telson and uropods.

156

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 103. Dicoides occidentalis Hale, 1951 (scanned from Hale, 1951). Type male, SAM C3223. A, full body,

side view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 2. D, telson and uropod. E, pereopod 1. F, antenna 1 flagella. G, pereopod 3.

H, pereopod 2.1, pereopod 5. J, pereopod 4. K, pseudorostral lobes.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

157

Figure 104. Dicoides siphonatus Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). A-J, female; K-P, adult male. A, full body,

side view. B, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, telson and uropod. E, pereopod 1. F, percopod 2. G, antenna I. H,

pcrcopod 4. I, pereopod 5. J, pereopod 3. K, full body, side view. L, pereopod 1. M, antenna 2. N, detail of flagel¬

lar row on flagellum of antenna 2. O, maxilliped 3. P, telson and uropod.

158

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 105. Dicoides verminaris. Subadult female, NMV J48034. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C.

mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3. 1, pereopod 1. J, pereopod

2. K., pereopod 3. L, pereopod 4.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

159

Figure 106. Dicoides verminaris. Subadult female, NMV J48034. A, pereopod 5. B, telson and uropods. C, pereo-

pod 4, adult male NMV J48295.

160

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 107. Dicoides verminaris. Adult male, NMV J48295. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view. C,

antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1. G, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

161

Figure 108. Dicoides verminaris. Adult male, NMV J48295. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, telson and uropods.

162

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 109. Paradicoides acanthomniatus. Subadult female, NMV J48282. A, full body, side view. B, full body,

dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, antenna 2. E, mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilla 2. H, maxilliped 1.1, maxilliped 2-

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

163

Figure 110. Paradicoides acanthommatus. Subadult female, NMV J48282. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1 basis. C,

pereopod 2. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

164

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 111. Paradicoides acanthommatus. Adult male, NMV J48283. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I. C,

antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

165

Figure 112. Paradicoides acanthommatiis. Adult male, NMV J48283. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod

4. D, telson and uropods.

Figure 113. Paradicoides megadactylus, Ovigerous female, AM P60941. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dor¬

sal view. C, antennae 1 and 2. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1. H, maxilliped 2. 1, maxil-

liped 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

167

Figure 114. Paradicokles megadactylus. Ovigerous female, AM P60941. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pereo-

pod 3. D, pereopod 4. E, pereopod 5. F, telson and uropods.

168

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 115. Paradicoides megadactylus. Adult male, AM P60942. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna

2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, pcreopod 2. G, pereopod 3. H, pereopod 4. 1, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

169

Figure 116. A, Paradicoides megadactylus. Adult male, AM P60942, A, telson and uropods. B-D, Pseudozimme-

riana prohlema. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48300. B, antenna 1. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 1.

170

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 117. Pseudozimmeriana problema. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48300. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3.

C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

171

Figure 118. A, Pseudozimmeriana pmhlema. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48300, A, telson and uropods. B,

Zimmeriana rohustacrus. Holotype subadult female, NMV J45264.

172

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 119. Zimmericma aziimai Gamo, 1986 (scanned from Gamo, 1986). A, female,full body, side view. B,

female, dorsal view. C, female, telson and uropods. D, male, full body, side view. E, male, dorsal view. F, male,

frontal view. G, male, telson and uropods. H, Subadult male, full body, side view. 1, subadult male, dorsal view. J,

subadult male, telson and uropod.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

173

Figure 120. Zimmeriana azumai Game, 1986 (scanned from Gamo, 1986). Holotype female, deposition unknown.

A, antenna 1. B, antenna 2. C, labrum. D, mandible. E, maxilla I. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped I. H maxilliped 2.1,

maxilliped 3. J, pereopod I. K, pereopod 2. L, pereopod 3. M, pereopod 4. N, pereopod 5.

174

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 121. Zimmeriana azumai Gamo, 1986 (scanned from Gamo, 1986). A-F, adult male; G-H, subadult male

deposition unknown. A, antenna 1. B, antenna 2. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 1. E, pereopod 2. F, pereopod 3. G,

pereopod I. H, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

175

Figure 122. Zimmeriana lasiodadylum (Zimmer, 1914) (A, B, E-G scanned from Hale, 1936; C, D from Hale,

1946). A, female, full body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, pereopod 2. D, pereopod 1, without setae. E, pere-

opod 1, with setae. F, maxilliped 3. G, telson and uropod.

176

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 123. Zimmeriana longirosths Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female and male, SAM C2655

c2658. A, male, full body, side view. B, male, dorsal view. C, female, dorsal view. D, female, full body, side view

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

177

Figure 124. Zimmeriana longirostris Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female and male, SAM C2655,

C2658. A, C-1, female. A, female, pscudorostral lobes. B, male, pseudorostral lobes. C, eyelobe. D, pereopod 1. E,

telson and uropod. F, ischium of maxilliped 3. I. G, antenna 1. H, pereopod 2. I, pereopod 3.

178

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 125. Zimmeriana longiroslris Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). A-H, type male, SAM C2658; 1-J,

subadult female. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 5. D, telson and uropod. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod

2. G, antenna 1. H. telson apex. I, subadult female, pereopod I. J, subadult female, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

179

Figure 126. Zimmeriana rohiistacrus. Holotype subadult female, NMV J45264. A, full body, side view. B, antenna

I. C, maxilliped 3. D, percopod I.

180

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 127. Zimmeriana rohustacrus. Holotype subadult female, NMV J45264. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C,

pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

181

Figure 128. Zimmeriana spinicauda Hale, 1937 (scanned from Hale, 1937). Type subadult male, SAM, A, full body,

side view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods. F, maxilliped 3. G, terminus of pere-

opod 3. H, pereopod 1. I, pereopod 2. J, pereopod 3.

182

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 129. Zimmeriana vibrissa. Ovigenous female, NMV J48043. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I. C,

mandibles. D, maxilla I. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

183

Figure 130. Zimmeriana vibrissa. Ovigerous female, NMV J48043. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pereopod 3.

D, pereopod 4.

184

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 131. Zimmeriana vibrissa. Ovigerous female, NMV J48043. A, pereopod 5. B, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

185

Figure 132. Axiogynodiastylis fimhriata. A-B, ovigerous female, holotype;

B, full body, dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, mandible (partial). E, maxilla 1.

C-G, paratype. A, full body, side view.

F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1.

186

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 133. Axiogynodiastylis fimbriata. Ovigerous female, NIWA stn S147 TAM. A, maxilliped 2. B, maxilliped

3. C, pereopod 1. D, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

187

Figure 134. Axiogynodiastylis fimhriala. Ovigerous female, NIWA stn SI47 TAM. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4.

C, pereopod 5. D, telson and uropods.

188

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 135. Axiog}’nodiastylis kopua. Holotype subadult female, NIWA stn S147 TAM. A, full body, side view. B,

full body, dorsal view. C, antennae 1 and 2. D, maxilliped 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

189

Figure 136. Axiogynodiastylis kopua. Holotype subadult female, NIWA stn S147 TAM. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereo-

pod 1. C, pereopod 2.

190

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 137. Axiogynodiastylis kopua. Holotype subadult female, NIWA stn SI47 TAM. A, pereopod 3. B, pereo-

pod 4. C, pereopod 5. D, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

191

Figure 138. Axiogynodiastytis reticulata. A, holotype ovigerous female, NMV J48269; B-G, paratype subadult

female, NMV J48270. A, full body, side view; reticulated pattern illustrated in small patch covers entire carapace.

B, full body, dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, antenna 2. E, mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilla 2.

192

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 139. Axiogynodiastylis reticulala. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48270. A, maxilliped 1. B, maxilliped

2. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

193

Figure 140. Axiogynodiastylis reticulata. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48270. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2.

C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5.

SARAH GERK.EN

194

Figure 141. Axiogynodiastylis reticulata. A, paratype subadult female, NMV J48270, telson and uropods. B.

paratype adult male, J48271, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

195

Figure 142. Axiogynodiastylis reticulata. Paratype adult male, NMV J48271. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1.

C, antenna 2. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5.

196

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 143. Axiogynodiastylis reticulata. Paratype adult male, NMV J4827I. A, maxilliped 3. B, pcreopod 1. C,

pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

197

Figure 144. A.xiogynodiaslytis rochfordi (Hale, 1946). Ovigerous female, NMV J48296. A, full body, side view. B,

full body, dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, mandible. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1.

198

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 145. Axiogynodiastylis rochfordi (Hale, 1946). Ovigerous female, NMV J48296. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereo-

pod 1. C, pereopod 2. D, pereopod 3. E, pcreopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

199

Figure 146. Axiogynodiastylis rochfordi (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type adult male, SAM C2695. A,

full body, side view. B, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 2. E, telson and uropod. F, pereopod 3. G, antenna

1. H, telson, side view.

SARAH GERKEN

200

Figure 147. Gynodiastylis ampla Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type male and female, SAM C2654,

C2681. A, female, full body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, male, dorsal view.

E-N, female. E, maxilliped 3. F, antenna I. G, pereopod 2. H, telson and uropod. 1, maxilliped 2. J, maxilliped 1.

K, pereopod 1. L. pereopod 3. M, telson, side view. N, telson, ventral view.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

201

Figure 148. Gynodiastylis anasillos. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48001. A, full body, side view. B, antenna

I. C, maxilliped 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod I. F, pereopod 3. G, dactylus of pereopod 3.

202

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 149. Gynodiasty’lis anasillos. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48001. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 4 C,

dactylus of pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

203

Figure 150. Gynodiastylis anguicephala Harada, 1962 (scanned from Harada, 1962). A-C, G, H, M, subadult

female; D-F, l-L, adult male. A, telson. B, dorsal view, full body. C, maxilliped 3. D, maxilliped 3. E, dorsal view.

F, antenna 2. G, uropod. H, pereopod 1. 1, antenna 1. J, pereopod 1. K, pereopod 1. L, uropod. M, side view.

204

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 151. Gynodiastylis arahica. Holotype adult male. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna 2.

D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

205

Figure 152. Gynodiastylis arahica. Holotype adult male. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, pereo-

pod 5. E, telson and uropods.

206

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 153. Gynodiastylis haios. Paratype ovigerous female, NMV J47993. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I

C, mandibles. D, maxilla I. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3. 1, percopod 3

J, pereopod 4.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

207

Figure 154. Gynodiastylis baios. Paratypc ovigerous female, NMV J47993. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pere-

opod 5. D, telson and uropods.

208

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 155. GynodiastvUs haios. Paratype adult male, NMV J47994. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,

antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 3. F, pereopod 4.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

209

Figure 156. Gynodiastylis haios. Paratype adult male, NMV J47994. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pereopod 5.

D, telson and uropods.

210

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 157. Gvnodiastylis hlax. A, holotype ovigcrous female, NMV J47961; B-J, paratype subadult female, NMV

J47962. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna 2. D, mandibles. E, maxilla I. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped

1. H, maxilliped 2. 1, maxilliped 3. J, pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

211

Figure 158. Gynodiastylis hlax. Paratype subadult female, NMV J47962. A, pereopod 2. B; pereopod 3. C, pereo-

pod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

SARAH GERKEN

212

Figure 159. Gynodiastylis bicristata Caiman, 1911 (scanned from Caiman, 1911). Types, ZMC, A, female, full

body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 2. E, pereopod 3. F, pereopod 1. G, pereo-

pod 4. H, pereopod 5. 1, telson and uropod. J, antenna I. K, adult male, full body, side view.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

213

Figure 160. Gynodiastylis carinala Caiman, 1911 (scanned from Jones, 1963). A, female, full body, side view. B,

male, full body, side view. D, female, pscudorostral lobes. E, male, pscudorostral lobes. F, female telson and

uropods. G, male telson and uropods. H, female, antennae 1 and 2. 1, female, branchial structure. J, female, maxil-

liped 2. K, male, antenna 2. L, female, maxilliped 3. M, female, maxillipcd 1. N, female, propodus and dactyl. O,

female, pereopod I. P, male, pereopod I. Q, female, pereopod 2. R, female, pereopod 3. S, male, pereopod 3. T,

female, pereopod 4. U, female, pereopod 5.

214

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 161. Gynodiastylis carinirostris Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2669. A, full

body, side view. B, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, antennae 1 and 2. F, pereopod 1. G, telson and

uropod. H, pereopod 3. I, pereopod 2. J, telson apex.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA) 215

Figure 162. Gynodiastylis costata Caiman, 1911 (scanned from Caiman, 1911). Types, ZMC. A, female, full body,

side view. B, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, female, antenna 1. E, female, antenna 2. F, female,

maxilliped 3. G, female, pereopod 1. H, female, pereopod 3. I, female, pereopod 2. J, female, telson and uropod.

K, telson and uropod.

216

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 163. Gynodiastylis costata Caiman, 1911 (scanned from Gamo, 1962). Adult male. A, pereopod 1. B, max-

illipcd 3. C, telson and uropod. D, antenna 1. E, telson. F, pereopod 3. G, antenna 2. H, pereopod 2. 1, pereopod 2.

J, pereopod 4. K, pereopod 4. L, pereopod 5. M, pereopod 5. N, full body, side view.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

217

Figure 164. Gynodiastylis curvirostris Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). A-E, adult male; F-M, female. A, full

body, side view. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, telson and uropod. F, dorsal view. G, telson and

uropod. H, antenna 1. 1, pereopod 2. J, full body, side view. K, pereopod 3. L, pereopod 5. M, pereopod 1.

218

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 165. Gynodiastylis dikondyla. A, paratype ovigerous female, NMV J47989; B-1, paratype ovigenous female.

J47989. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I. C, mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 3. G, pereo-

pod 3. H, pereopod 4. 1, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

219

Figure 166. Gynodiastylis dikondyla. Paratype ovigerous female, NMV J47989. A, maxilliped 1. B, maxilliped 2.

C, pereopod 1. D, pereopod 2.

220

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 167. Gynodiastylis dikondyla. Paratype ovigerous female, NMV J47989.

A, telson and uropods. B, uropod endopod terminal seta. C, uropod exopod terminal seta.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

221

Figure 168. Gynodiastylis dilatata Hale, 1946 (seanned from Hale, 1946). Type adult male, SAM C2704. A, full

body, side view. B, dorsal view. C, antennae 1 and 2. D, pereopod 1. E, telson. F telson and uropod. G, maxilliped

3. H, pereopod 3. 1, pereopod 2.

222

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 169. Gynodiastylis dilatata Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Hale’s “large eyed male”. A, full body,

side view. B, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 1. E, telson and uropod. F, telson apex. G, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

223

Figure 170. Gynodiastylis fidgida Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). Holotype adult female, SAM A15278. A,

full body, side view. B, pereopod 1. C, dorsal view. D, pereopod 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, antenna 1. G, pereopod 3.

H, telson and uropod.

Figure 171. Gynodiastylis hartmeyeri Zimmer, 1914 (scanned from Zimmer, 1914). Type female, ZMB. A, dorsal

view. B, full body, side view. C, telson and uropod.

224

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 172. Gynodiastylis insolitaseta. A-C, E, paratype ovigerous female, AM P55790; D, paratype subadult

female, NMV J48066. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, mandible. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

225

Figure 173. Gynodiastylis insolitaseta. Paratype ovigerous female, AM P55790. A, maxilliped 1. B, maxilliped 2.

C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 3. E, percopod 4. F, pereopod 5.

226

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 174. Gynodiastylis insolitaseta. Paratype ovigerous female, AM P55790. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

227

Figure 175. Gynodiastylis insolitaseta. A, paratype ovigerous female, AM P55790, telson and uropods. B, paratype

adult male, AM P55790, telson and uropods.

228

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 176. Gynodiastylis insolilaseta. Paratype adult male, AM P55790. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,

antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

229

Figure 177. Gynodiastylis insolitaseta. Paratype adult male, AM P55790. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pereo-

pod 3. D, pereopod 4. E, pereopod 5.

230

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 178. Gynodiastylis jazdzewskii Blazewicz and Heard, 1999 (scanned from Blazewicz and Heard, 1999).

Holotype adult male, USNM 243765. A, incisor. B, molar. C, maxilla 1. D, full body, side view. E, maxilliped 2.

F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilla 2. H, pereopod 2. 1, pereopod 3. J, pereopod 4. K, pereopod 5. L, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

231

Figure 179. Gynodiastylis koataata. Holotype adult male, NIWA stn S397E. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1.

C, antenna 2. D, maxilliped 2. E, pereopod 4.

232

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 180. Gynodiastylis koataata. Holotype adult male, NIWA stn S397E. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C,

pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

233

Figure 181. Gynodiastylis koataata. Holotype adult male, NIWA stn S397E. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 5. C, tel-

son and uropods.

234

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 182. Gynodiastylis lata Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type male and female, SAM C2639. A,

female, full body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, male, dorsal view. E, female,

maxilliped 3. F, female, pereopod 1. G, female, telson and uropod. H, male, telson and uropod. 1, male, Litogyn-

odiastylis turgida Hale, 1936. J, female, pereopod 2. K, female, pereopod 3. L, male, antenna 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

235

Figure 183. Gynodiastylis lineata Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). A-J, female; K-O, male. A, full body, side

view. B, dorsal view. C, pereopod 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 3. G, pereopod 5. H, antenna 1.

I, pereopod 1. J, telson and uropod. K, telson and uropod. L, pereopod 1. M, full body, side view. N, dorsal view.

O, pereopod 2.

236

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 184. Gynodiastylis megasiphon. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48266. A, full body, side view. B, cara¬

pace, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

237

Figure 185. Gynodiastylis megasiphon. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48266. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C,

pereopod 2. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

238

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 186. Gynodiastylis megasiphon. Paratype adult male, NMV J48288. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1.

C, antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

239

Figure 187. GynodiastyUs megasiphon. Paratype adult male, NMV J48288. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C, pere-

opod 5. D, telson and uropods.

240

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 188. Gynodiastylis miller Jones, 1963 (scanned from Jones, 1963) Adult female. A, dorsal view. B, full body,

side view. C, antenna 1. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, telson and uropods. G, maxilliped 3 (labelled as pereo-

pod 3 in Jones, 1963). H, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

241

Figure 189. Gynodiastylis mulHcarinata. Holotype ovigerous female, NMV J48006. A, full body, side view. B,

antenna I. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod I.

242

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 190. Gynodiastylis multicarinata. Holotype ovigerous female, NMV J48006. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3.

C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

243

Figure 191. Gynodiastylis nitida Harada, 1962 (scanned from Harada, 1962). Female. A, full body, dorsal view. B,

side view. C, maxilliped 3. D, percopod 1. E, pereopod 2. F, uropod. G, telson apex.

244

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 192. Gynodiastylis nordaustraliana BScescu, 1991 (scanned from Bicescu, 1991). Holotype female, “Grig-

ore Antipa” Museum. A, dorsal view. B, telson and uropod. C, pseudorostrum. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F,

pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

245

Figure 193. Gynodiastylis platycarpus Game, 1961 (scanned from Gamo, 1961). Female. A, dorsal view. B, full

body, side view. C, telson. D, telson and uropods. E, terminus of pereopod 5. F, maxilliped 3. G, antennal flagella.

H, antenna I. I, pereopod 5. J, pereopod I. K, pereopod 2. L, pereopod 4. M, pereopod 5.

246

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 194. Gvnodiastylis polita Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Female. A, full body, side view. B, dorsal

view. C, maxilliped 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, antennae 1 and 2. F, pereopod 2. G, pereopod 1. H, telson and uropod. 1,

pereopod 3. J. mandible incisor. K, telson apex.

Figure 195. Gynodiastylisprofunda Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). A-E, G-J, female; F, K-P, male. A, full

body, side view. B, pereopod 1. C, dorsal view. D, telson and uropod. E, maxilliped 3. F, telson and uropod. G, pere-

opod 2. H, pereopod 5.1, pereopod 3. J, antenna 1. K, side view, carapace. L, maxilliped 3. M, full body, side view.

N, pereopod I. O, pereopod 3. P, dorsal view.

248

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 196. Gynodiastylis pygmaeoinsolitaseta. A, holotype ovigerous female, NMV J48066; B-M, paratype

ovigerous female, NMV J48063. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F,

maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2.11, maxilliped 3. 1, pereopod 1, pereopod 2. K, pereopod 3. L, pereopod 4. M: pere-

opod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

249

Figure 197. Gynodiastylispygmaeoinsolitaseta. Paratype ovigerous female, NMV J48063. telson and uropods.

250

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 198. Gynocliastylis pygmaeoinsolitaseta. Paratype adult male, NMV J48064. A. full body, side view. B,

antenna 1. C, antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, pereopod 2. G, pereopod 3. H, pereopod 4. 1, pereopod

5. J, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 199, Gvnodiasivlis rohusta Hale. 1946. Ovigerous female. AM P55800. A. full body, side

1. C, mandibles. D. maxilla 1. E. maxilla 2. F. maxilliped 1.

252

SARAH GERK.EN

Figure 200. Gynodiastylis robusta Hale, 1946. Ovigerous female, AM P55800. A, maxilliped 2. B, maxilliped 3. C,

pereopod 1.

Figure 201. Gynodiastylis rohtisla Hale, 1946. Adult male, AM P56222. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I. C,

antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod I.

Figure 202. Gynodiastylis robiista Hale, 1946. Adult male, AM P56222. A, pereopod 2.

B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

255

Figure 203. Gynodiastylis robusta Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2724. A, full body,

side view. B, dorsal view. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 3. F, pereopod 4. G, telson and uropod. H, antenna 1.

256

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 204. Gvnocliastviis rotundicaudatiis Gamo, 1961 (scanned from Gamo, 1961). female. A, full body, side

view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 1 flagella. D, telson and uropod. E, telson. F, pereopod 1. G, antenna 1.

H, maxilliped 3. 1, pereopod 3. J, pereopod 4. K, pereopod 5. L, pereopod 2. M, basis of pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

257

1.0 mm

Figure 205. Gynodiastylis rugosa. Holotype ovigerous female. P41250. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dor¬

sal view. C, antenna 1. D, maxilliped 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1.

258

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 206. Gynodiastylis rugosa. Holotype ovigerous female, P41250. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod

4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

259

Figure 207. Gymdiastylis sierra. Holotype ovigerous female, NMV J45311. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1.

C, maxilliped 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 2.

260

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 208. Gynodiastylis sierra. Holotype ovigerous female, NMV J45311. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 3. C, pere-

opod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

261

Figure 209. Gymodiastylis similis Zimmer, 1914. Scanned from Zimmer, 1914. female. A, full body, side view. B,

dorsal view. C, pereopod 1. D, telson and uropod.

262

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 210. Gynodiastylis strumosa Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). A, full body, side view. B, dorsal view.

C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, pereopod 2. F, pereopod 3. G, telson and uropod.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

263

Figure 211. Gynodiastylis subtilis Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Female. A, full body, side view. B, dor¬

sal view. C, pereopod 1. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 3. F, telson and uropod. G, pereopod 2. H, telson apex.

SARAH GERKEN

264

Figure 212. Gynodiastylis sulcata Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). A-H. female; l-P, male. A, full body, side

view. B, dorsal view. C, pereopod 2. D, pereopod 3. E, anterior margin of earapace. F, telson and uropod. G, max-

illiped 3. H, pereopod I. I, full body, side view. J, side view, no shading. K, pereopod 1. L, pereopod 2. M, telson

and uropod. N, maxilliped 3. O, pereopod 3. P, antenna 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

265

Figure 213. Gynodiastylis tnmcalifrons Hale, 1936 (scanned from Hale, 1936). Female. A, full body, side view. B,

dorsal view. C, pereopod 4. D. terminus, maxilliped 3. E, telson and uropod. F, pereopod 1. G, pereopod 2. H, pere-

opod 5.

266

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 214. Gynodiastylis truncatifrons Hale, 1936 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Adult male and female. A, male,

full body, side view. B, female, tcison apex. C, female, telson and uropod. D, male, ventral margin of carapace. E,

female, ventral margin of carapace. F, male, antenna 2. G, male, telson and uropod. 11, female, terminus of pereo-

pod 3.1, male, antenna I. J, male, telson apex.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

267

Figure 215. Gyiwcliastylis tubicola Harada, 1962 (scanned from Harada, 1962). females. A, dorsal view. B, side

view. C-F, alternative ridge arrangements on various individuals. G, pereopod 2. H, maxilliped 3.1, telson and uro-

pod. J, pereopod 1.

268

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 216. Gynodiastylis tubifacturex. Paratype ovigerous female, AM P55792. A, full body, side view. B, full

body, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilla 2. H, maxilliped 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

269

Figure 217. Gynodiastylis tuhifacturex. Paratype ovigcrous female, AM P55792. A, maxilliped 2. B, maxilliped 3.

C, pereopod 1. D, pereopod 2. E, pereopod 3.

270

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 218. Gynodiastylis tubifacturex. Paratype ovigerous female, AM P55792. A, pereopod 4. B, pereopod 5. C,

telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

271

Figure 219. Gynodiastylis tubifacturex. Paratype adult male, AM P55806. A, full body, side view. B, Anterior por¬

tion of carapace, ventral view. C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 2. F, maxilliped 3. G, pereopod 2. H, pere-

opod 3.

272

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 220. Gynodiastylis tubifacturex. Paratype adult male, AM P55806. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 4. C, pereo-

pod 5. D, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

273

Figure 221. Gynodiastylis tubifacturex A, adult male, AM P55817; B, adult male, AM P55817 with tube. C, oviger-

ous female, P56096. D, tube removed from ovigerous female.

274

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 222. Haliana eckloniae Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). Holotype ovigerous female. South African

Museum A15729. A, side view, full body. B, antenna 1. C, dorsal view. D, pereopod 1. E, telson and uropods. F,

maxilliped 3. G, pereopod 2. H, pereopod 4.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

275

Index to species and genera. Figure numbers in bold

acanthanasillos, Allodiaslylis

7,4-5

Gynodiastylis

acanthodes, A Uodiastylis

7, 6-9

Haliana

51,212

acaiilhommalus, Paradicoides

30, 110-112

hartmeyeri. Gynodiastylis

42, 171

acanthus. Dayiis

9, 14-16

hirtipes. Allodiastylis

8, 1

aganaktikos. Eogynodiastylis

11,25-26

inepta, Gynodiastylis

alata, Litog^modiastylis

15,31-35

inepta. Litog\modiastylis

18, 53

Allodiasty’Iis

insolitaseta, Gynodiastylis

43,172-177

amhigtia, Gynodiastylis

jazdzewskii, Gynodiastylis

43, 178

amhigua. Litogynodiastylis

15, 36-37

johnsUmi, Allodiastylis

8, 12

ampla, Gynodiastylis

38, 147

koataata, Gynodiastylis

44, 179-181

anasillos, Gynodiastylis

38, 148-149

kopua, Axiogynodiastylis

34, 135-137

anguicephala. Gynodiastylis

38, 150

laciniacristatus. Eogynodiastylis

12, 27

antennata. Sheardia

25, 89

laciniacristatus, Gynodiastylis

arahica, Gynodiastylis

38, 151-152

laevis, Diastylis

19,3

areolata, Dicoides

26, 90-91

laevis, Gynodiastylis

attenuata, Gynodiastylis

laevis, Litogynodiastylis

19, 54

attenuata, Litogynodia.stylis

16, 38

lasiodactylum, Die

Axiogynodiaslylis

lasiodactylum, Zimmeriana

32, 122

azumai, Zimmeriana

32, 119-121

lata. Gynodiastylis

44, 182

baios. Gynodiastylis

39, 153-156

lewtonae, Litogynodiastylis

19, 55-57

bicristata, Gynodiastylis

40, 159

lineata, Gynodiastylis

44, 183

blax, Gynodiasn-lis

39, 157-158

Litog\>nodiastylis

brevidactyla, Dicoides

longirostris, Zimmeriana

32, 123-125

brevidactylum. Die

lumacaudata, Litogynodiastylis

19, 58-59

brevidactylum. Dicoides

27, 92

makrokolosus. Dayus

10, 17-20

brevipes, Gynodiastylis

margarita, Gynodiastylis

brevipes. Litogynodiastylis

16, 39

margarita, Litogynodiastylis

20, 60

caperata. Litogynodiastylis

16, 40-41

megadactylus, Paradicoides

30,

carinata, Gynodiastylis

40, 160

113-116A

carinatus, Gynodiastylis

megasiphon, Gynodiastylis

45, 184-187

carinirostris, GynodiastyEs

40, 161

micron, Dicoides

27, 94-98

eharadra, Litogynodiastylis

16, 42-45

microornata, Litogynodiastylis

20, 61-65

concava, Gynodiastylis

milleri. Gynodiastylis

45, 188

concava. Litogynodiastylis

17, 46

minusculus, Dicoides

28, 99-102

costata, Gynodiastylis

41, 162-163

multicarinata. Gynodiastylis

45, 189-190

costatus, Gynodiastylis

munda, Gynodiastylis

crenagloba, Litogynodiastylis

17, 47-18

munda, Litogynodiastylis

21, 66

cretata, Allodiastylis

8, 10

mutabilis. Gynodiastylis

cretatus, Allodiastylis

mutabilis, Litog^modiastylis

21,67-68

curvirostris, Gynodiastylis

41, 164

nitida, Gynodiastylis

46, 191

Dayus

nitidus, Gynodiastylis

Diastylis

nordaustraliana, Gynodiastylis

46, 192

Dicoides

occidentalis, Dicoides

28, 103

dikondyla, Gynodiastylis

41, 165-167

Opthalmdiastylis

dilatata, Gynodiastylis

42, 168-169

ornata, Gynodiastylis

echinata, Gynodiastylis

ornata, Litogynodiastylis

21, 69

echinata, Litogynodiastylis

18, 49

paeminosa, Eog}modiastylis

12, 28-30

eckloniae, tialiana

Paradicoides

Eogynodiasb'lis

pharocheradus, Dayus

10, 21-24

Jimbriata, Axiogynodiastylis

34, 132-134

platycarpus, Gynodiastylis

46, 193

Jletti, Dicoides

27, 93

polita, Gynodiastylis

47, 194

fulgida. Gynodiastylis

42, 170

poorei. Litogynodiastylis

22, 70-73

gongy’la, Litogynodiastylis

18, 2

problema, Pseiidozimmeriana

31, 116B-D,

gongyla, Litogynodiastylis

18, 50-52

117-118

276

SARAH GERKEN

profunda, Gvnodiastvlis

47, 195

spinicauda. Die lasiodactylum

pseudomargarita, Litogynodiastylis 22, 74-76

spinicauda, Zimmeriana

33, 128

Pseudozimmeriana

strumosa, Gynodiastylis

49, 210

pygmaeoinsolilaseta, Gynodia-itylis 41, 196-198

subtilis, Gynodiastylis

50, 211

quadricristata, Gynodiasty’lis

sulcata, Gynodiastylis

50, 212

quadricristata. Litogynodiastylis

22, 76

tenuipes. Allodiastylis

9, 13

reticulata, Axiog\'nodiastylis

34,138-143

trachyphasis, Litogmodiasty’lis

24, 82-84

robusta, Gynodiasty’lis

48, 199-203

truncatifrons, Gynodiasty’lis

50, 213-214

robustacrus, Zimmeriana

32, 118A,

tubicola, Gynodiastylis

51, 215

126-127

tubicolus, Gynodiastylis

rochfordi, Axiogynodiasty’lis

35, 1

tubifacturex, Gynodiastylis

51,3

rochfordi, Axiogynodiastylis

35, 145-146

tubifacturex, Gynodiastylis

51, 216-221

rochfordi, Gynodiastylis

tumida, Gynodiastylis

roscida, Gynodiastylis

tumida, Litogynodiastylis

24, 85-86

roscida, Litogynodiastylis

23, 77

tumida, Paradiastylis

rotundicaudatus, Gynodiastylis

turgida, Litog’iwdiastylis

24, 87,

rotundicaudatus, Gynodiastylis

48, 204

182J-L

rugosa, Gynodiastylis

48, 205-206

turgidus, Gynodiastylis

serrata, Litogynodiastylis

23, 78-81

verminaris, Dicoides

29, 105-108

Sheardia

vibrissa, Zimmeriana

33, 129-131

sierra, Gynodiastylis

49, 207-208

vicaria, Gynodiastylis

similis, Gynodiastylis

49, 209

vicaria. L itogynodiastylis

25, 88

siphonatus, Dicoides

28, 104

Zimmeriana