ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

III

SYSTEMATICS

OF

PLEUROTHALLIS

(ORCHIDACEAE)

Publication of MSB-17, MSB-18, and MSB-19 has been delayed. We are, however,

releasing MSB-20, "Systematics of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae),” at this time.

If you have a standing order, you will receive notification immediately upon

publication of the three previous numbers.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

III

SYSTEMATICS

OF

PLEUROTHALLIS

CARLYLE A. LUER

Missouri Botanical Garden

MONOGRAPHS IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY

from the Missouri Botanical Garden

Volume 20, November 1986.

ISSN 06161-1542

Carlyle A. Luer

3222 Old Oak Drive

Sarasota, FL 33579

Printed in the United States of America by

CONTENTS

Abstract. 1

Introductory discussion.2

Key to the subgenera of Pleurothallis .5

List of illustrations.8

Taxonomy of Pleurothallis .11

Acknowledgements.100

References.100

101

109

Index to scientific names.

Addenda et corrigenda for Systematics of Masdevallia

Province of Pichir

hlamys Schltr.

a, Ecuador, alt. 27001

,10 Mar. 1976.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

After the description of each taxon, representative species are listed,

but some of the lists are far from complete. Many old as well as recent

descriptions and even illustrations are inadequate for determination of

relationships. They often fail to give the critical, diagnostic criteria

necessary for classification. It is not the scope of this paper to classify

every species of Pleurothallis. Many species of the larger subgeneric

taxa are not included in the lists, but from an acquaintance with the

species given, similar species can be classified. Much work needs to be

done. This is only a beginning.

The subgenera of Pleurothallis and all the genera of the Pleurothalli-

dinae may be loosely grouped into three affinities. First, those with a

short (but sometimes elongate) column with an apical anther and

stigma, often connate lateral sepals, and an inflorescence that emerges

from the ramicaul with or without a visible annulus (aff. Pleurothallis ).

Second, those with an elongate (but sometimes short) column with a

ventral anther and stigma, more or less covered by a toothed, winged or

hooded apex, free or variously connate sepals, and an inflorescence that

emerges from the ramicaul with an annulus (aff. Specklinia). Third,

those with a column resembling the last, sepals connate in varying

degrees, and an inflorescence that emerges without an annulus (aff.

Acianthera). Figure 1. is a diagrammatic presentation of some possible

relationships of the pleurothallid genera to the subgeneric divisions in

the three “affinities.”

The subgenera of Pleurothallis:

Dresslerella

Myoxanthui

Octomeria

Lepanthopsis

Platystele

Pleurothallis

Porroglossum

Salpistele

Stelis

Trichosalpinx

sect. Apodae

sect. Pseudolepanthes

“Affinity” Specklinia

Empusella

Mirabilia

Mystax

Physosiphon

Physothallis

Pseudoctomeri

Restrepioidia

Specklinia

Condylago

Dracula

Dryadella

Pleurothallis

Scaphosepalum

Trichosalpinx

subgen. Trichosalpinx

sect. Tubella

Trisetella

Zootrophion

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Subgen. Acianthera

Sect. Brachystachyae Pleurothallis pubescens Lindl.

Sect. Cryptophoranthae Pleurothallis fenestrata

Sect. Phloeophilae

Sect. Sicariae

Subsect. Pectinatae

Subsect. Sicariae

Sect. Tomentosae

Sect. Tricarinatae

Subgen. Aenigma

Sect. Aenigmata

Sect. Ve8tigipetalae

Subgen. Ancipitia

Subgen. Andreettaea

Barb. Rodr.

Pleurothallis peperomioides

Ames

Pleurothallis prolifera

Herb, ex Lindl.

Pleurothallis alpina Ames

Pleurothallis aurantiolateritia

Speg.

Pleurothallis boliviana

Rchb.f.

Pleurothallis ibex Luer

Pleurothallis vestigipetala

Luer

Pleurothallis vorator

Luer & V&squez

Pleurothallis ocellus

Subgen. Apoda-Prorepentia

Subgen. Arthrosia

Subgen. Crocodeilanthe

Subgen. Dracontia

Subgen. Dre&slera

Subgen. Elongatia

Subgen. Empusella

Subgen. Kraenzlinella

Subgen. Masdevalliantha

Subgen. Mirabilia

Subgen. Mirandia

Subgen. Mystax

Subgen. Physosiphon

Subgen. Physothallis

Subgen. Pleurobotryum

(Luer) Luer

Pleurothallis calypso Luer

Pleurothallis auriculata Lindl.

Pleurothallis expansa Lindl.

Pleurothallis dracontea Luer

Pleurothallis dressleri Luer

Pleurothallis janetiae Luer

Pleurothallis endotrachys

Rchb.f.

Pleurothallis erinacea Rchb. f.

Pleurothallis masdevalliopsis

Luer

Pleurothallis mirabilis Schltr.

Pleurothallis miranda Luer

Pleurothallis mystax Luer

Pleurothallis tubata

(Lodd.)Steud.

Pleurothallis neoharlingii Luer

Pleurothallis crepiniana Cogn.

Plate 1.

Plate 2.

Plate 3.

Plate 4.

Plate 5.

Plate 7.

Plate 8.

Plate 9.

Plate 10.

Plate 11.

Plate 12.

Plate 13.

Plate 14.

Plate 15.

Plate 16.

Plate 17.

Plate 18.

Plate 19.

Plate 20.

Plate 21.

Plate 22.

Plate 23.

Plate 24.

Plate 25.

Plate 26.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis wigginsii

C. Schweinf.

Sect. Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae

Pleurothallis fornix

Sect. Pleurothallis Luer & Escobar

Subsect. Acroniae Pleurothallis stricta Luer

Subsect. Macrophyllae-Racemosae

Pleurothallis magnifica

Subsect. Pleurothallis Luer & Escobar

Series Longiracemosae

Pleurothallis hippocrepica

Luer & Escobar

Series Pleurothallis Pleurothallis ruscifolia

(Jacq.) R. Br.

Pleurothallis truncata Lindl.

Pleurothallis lentiginosa

Lehm. & Krzl.

Pleurothallis hemirhoda Lindl.

Pleurothallis fastidiosa Luer

Pleurothallis rubella Luer

Pleurothallis sarracenia Luer

Pleurothallis penicillata Luer

Sect. Truncatae

Subgen. Pseudoctomeria

Subgen. Restrepioidia

Subgen. Rhynchopera

Subgen. Rubellia

Subgen. Sarracenella

Subgen. Scopula

Subgen. Specklinia

Sect. Acuminatae

Sect. Cucumeres

Sect. Effusae

Sect. Hymenodanthae

Subsect. Apodae-Caespitosae

Pleurothallis areldii Luer

Subsect. Longicaulae Pleurothallis grobyi

Batem. ex Lindl

Pleurothallis regalis Luer

Pleurothallis cucumeris Luer

Pleurothallis trichostoma Luer

Sect. Mentosae

Sect. Muscarine

Sect. Muscosae

Sect. Tribuloides

Sect. Tripteranthae

Sect. Unciferae

Subgen. Talpinaria

Subgen. Xenion

Pleurothallis determannii Luer

Pleurothallis hastata Ames

Pleurothallis pachyphyta Luer

Pleurothallis tribuloides

(Sw.) Lindl.

Pleurothallis tripterantha

Rchb. f.

Pleurothallis pompalis Ames

Pleurothallis talpinaria

(Karst.) Rchb. f.

Pleurothallis xenion

Luer & Escobar

9

Plate 27.

Plate:

Plate 30.

Plate 32.

Plate 33.

Plate

Plate 40.

Plate 41.

Plate 42.

Plate 43.

Plate 44.

Plate 45.

Plate 46.

Plate 47.

Plate 48.

Plate 49.

Plate 50.

Plate 51.

Plate 52.

10

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Figure 2. Aj

sketch of a Pleurothallis.

12

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 1. Pleurothallis pubescens Lindl.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Pleurothallis subgen. Acianthera sect. Cryptophoranthae Luer,

nom. nov.

Type: Cryptophoranthus fenestratus Barb. Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch.

Nov. 2:80,1882. ( Pleurothallis fenestrata Barb. Rodr., Gen. Sp.

Orch. Nov. 1:12,1877)

Ety.: From the Greek cyrptophoranthos, “hidden flower,” referring to

the short racemes from short ramicauls.

Syn.: Cryptophoranthus Barb. Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2:79,1882.

Lectotype: Cryptophoranthus fenestratus Barb. Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2:80,1882.

(Pleurothallis fenestrata Barb. Rodr.) (Acufia, Tel. Bol. 60:115,1939)

The distinguishing feature of the genus Cryptophoranthus, as typi¬

fied by the Brazilian C. fenestratus, is the connation of the dorsal sepal

with the synsepal, both at the apex and below the middle so that a pair

of lateral windows is created for the entrance of a pollinator into the

interior of the flower. Apparently the union is not always solidly con¬

nate, but lightly coherent, and the apices are even free in a few species

that have been attributed to Cryptophoranthus. Similar window-

contrivances have developed independently in several other more dis¬

tantly related species of Pleurothallis [P. alexii A. H. Heller and P.

tribuloides (Sw.) Lindl.] and the genera Ophidion and Zootrophion.

Pleurothallis spathuliglossa Hoehne is illustrated with lateral windows

and connivent apices of the sepals. The latter needs to be transferred to

Trichosalpinx*

After the removal from Cryptophoranthus of basically different spe¬

cies to Ophidion and Zootrophion, I do not believe that Cryptophoran¬

thus can be maintained at the generic level because of the inconsis¬

tency of the connation of the apices of the sepals, and the vegetative

and floral similarity of the remaining species to those in P. subgen.

Acianthera.

Vegetatively the plants of this section are caespitose or repent, with

abbreviated or elongated ramicauls, petiolate leaves, and a fascicle of

solitary flowers or short, congested racemes that emerge laterally from

the stem below the apex (the leaf-stem abscission layer) without an

annulus, but sometimes with a faint, annular swelling. The flower

parts are compatible with P. subgen. Acianthera.

The species are primarily Brazilian in distribution. The following

new names and transfers become necessary:

1925.

nifolia Luer, nom. nov.

minimus Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(4):552,1906, non P. r

a C. Schweinf.

Pleurothallis neojordanensis Luer, nom nov

Cryptop Brade, Arq. Serv. Florest. 1(1):41,1939, non P. jordan-

Pleurothallis neojuergensii Luer, nom. nov

Cryptophoranthus juergensii Schltr., Repert. Beih. 35:46,1925, non P.juergensii Schltr.

Pleurothallis punctatiflora Luer nom nov

C wl opW»„,te Cta,us Bari). Rodr., Rev. En K enh. 3, n. 9,1881 et Gen. Sp. Orch.

S;2l5)»,S ,, ■ Ker l823 ' ■* Undl - 1835 ' B ” b

Plate 2.

isssr...

^=o K S‘

m.

1919

I5SSE:

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Plate 2. Pleurothallis fenestrata Barb. Rodr.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Pleurothallis subgen. Acianthera sect. Sicariae Lindl., Folia

Orchid. Pleuroth. 12,1859.

Type: Pleurothallis sicaria Lindl., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 27(Misc.):91,

1841.

Ety.: From the Latin sicarius, “a knife-wielding assassin,” in refer¬

ence to the shape of the leaf and stem.

In this section the ramicaul is sharply laterally compressed. Two

subsections may be recognized: one with three-winged or three-edged

ramicauls, the other with the compression of the ramicaul so extreme

that it is essentially two-edged.

The inflorescence is similar to that of sect. Brachystachyae.

Subsect. Pectinatae Luer, subsect. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis pectinata Lindl., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.):l,

This subsection of a few Brazilian species, some of which range as

far as Bolivia and Venezuela, is characterized by ramicauls so

markedly compressed that they appear two-edged, similar to the com¬

pressed ramicauls of the species that compose the subgen. Ancipitia.

The adaxial margin of the flattened ramicaul is minutely or slightly

sulcate below the junction with the leaf.

P. limae Porto & Brade

P. modestissima Rchb. f. & Wai

P. pectinata Lindl.

P. prolifera Herb, ex Lindl.

P wels-windischii Pabst

Subsect. Sicariae (Lindl.) Luer, stat. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis sicaria Lindl.

Bas.: Pleurothallis sect. Sicariae Lindl., Folia Orchid. Pleuroth. 12,

This subsection is characterized by triquetrous ramicauls. The wings

l th rr PreSSed .u r — 18 are un developed and sharp, and they

are continuous with the margins of the blade of the leaf above. Often

° f thC 6af u are d f urrent on the ramicaul so that the inflo¬

rescence may emerge above the base of the leaf.

s «fe species in subgen. Arthrosia are similarly

but the art iculated lips immediately distinguish this latter

SYSTEMATICS

PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 4. Pleurothallis prolifera Herb, ex Lindl.

usaa?'

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 5. Pleurothallis alpina Ames

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 6. Pleurothallis aurantiolatent

Plate 7. Pleurothallis boliviano Rchb. f.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 8. Pleurothallis ibex Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Plate 9. Pleurothallis uestigipetala Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis subgen. Ancipitia Luer, subgen. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis anceps Luer, Selbyana 5:159,1979.

Ety.: From the Latin anceps, “two-headed,” referring to the laterally

compressed ramicaul.

Ramicaules compr«

gipedunculati. Sepala

Labella multiformia t

tetragoni. Flores solitarii fascicul

This subgenus is characterized by the sharply laterally compressed

ramicauls, two-edged except in one species that is four-edged. The

leaves are cordate and sessile. The solitary flowers are long-pedicellate

and produced in a fascicle at the base of the leaf. No annulus is present.

The sepals are more or less membranous, the laterals connate. The

petals are thickened toward the apex, and the lips are diversely modi¬

fied, often into bizarre shapes resembling insects or the heads of ani¬

mals with ears or horns. The column may be short or long, stout or

slender, sometimes lightly winged or toothed. The anther may be apical

or subapical, usually partially exposed. The column-foot may be short

and thick or essentially absent. In spite of the extreme variations in the

morphology of the lips and column, this group of species is homogene¬

ous in the morphology of the ramicauls, leaves, peduncles, sepals and

petals. Perhaps it could be said that the group is homogeneous in the

heterogeneousness of the lips and columns. This is an example of how

obviously closely allied species can differ so widely in modifications of

basic organs.

In subgen. Acianthera sect. Sicaria subsect. Pectinatae the ramicauls

are similarly compressed, but the fleshy flowers, typical of the subgen.

Acianthera, are produced in a raceme. The ramicauls of some species of

subgen. Pleurothallis sect. Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae are lightly com¬

pressed, but if so, without two sharp edges.

The species are distributed from Central America through the Andes.

P. duplex Luer & Escobar

P. eumecocaulon Schltr.

Pgratiosa Rchb. f.

P. harpago Luer

rides Luer & V&squ<

r Luer & Vasquez .

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

vorator Luer & V&squez

Plate 10. Pleurothallis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 11. Pleurothallis ocellus (Luer) Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 12. Pleurothallis calypso Luer

f

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 13. Pleurothallis auriculata Lindl.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Syn.: Pseudostelis Schltr., Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan Secc. Bot. 1(4):36, 1922.

Lectotype here designated: Stelis deregularis Barb. Rodr. This species, the type of

Stelis sect. Tubuliflorae Barb. Rodr., is chosen from three listed by Schlechter

for Pseudostelis.

Ety.: From the Greek pseudo-, “false,” referring to the similarity of the species to those

of the genus Stelis.

The numerous species of this subgenus, widely distributed in the

Neotropics, are usually large and robust. The stout ramicauls (with few

exceptions) are densely fasciculate with large, papery, inflated sheaths,

the lower sheaths often surrounding several stems. The rhizome of R

orectopus is long-repent. The ramicauls of some species are prolific.

The leaf is either sessile or petiolate.

One to many racemes emerge laterally with a spathe that is usually

conspicuous and foliaceous below or very near the apex of the ramicaul

and associated with a distinct annulus. The lateral sepals, commonly

pubescent within, are connate or semiconnate. The petals are mem¬

branous, short, entire, obtuse to rounded. The lip, whether one-, two- or

three-lobed, usually has a pair of calli somewhere near the middle or on

the lateral lobes if present. The broad base is more or less concave

below a transverse bar, but sometimes this feature is obscure. The

column is short with an exposed apical or subapical anther and

stigma. The thick, short base of the column is more or less bulbous and

articulates with the cavity at the base of the lip, reminiscent of the

ball-and-socket articulation seen in the genus Barbosella. In some spe¬

cies (e.g. P. cauliflora and P. xiphizusa ) the articulation is “ankylosed,”

i.e., the parts of the joint more or less adnate and immobile. This iso¬

lated feature had been used to distinguish Reichenbach’s genus Croco-

deilanthe. Occasionally the lip seems to be merely broadly hinged to

the column-foot.

P. floribunda Poepp. & Endl.

P. fons florum Lindl.

P. galeata Lindl.

P. helleri Hawkes

P. hopfiana Schltr.

P. laevigata Lindl.

P lamprochlamys Schltr.

P leopardina Luer

P. ligulata Lindl.

P. magdalenae Rchb. f.

P. mandonii Rchb. f.

P. maxima Luer

P- melanostele Luer & Vdsqu<

P. mickloivii Luer & Vasquez

P. moritzii Rchb. f.

P. nivalis Luer

P orectopus Luer

P. palmiformis Lindl.

P. pichinchae Rchb. f.

P. pleiostachys Schltr.

P.pristis Lehm.&Krzl.

P. procera Luer & Vasquez

P. quadrata C. Schweinf.

P quinquicallosa Luer

P simplicilabia C. Schweinf.

P sodiroi Schltr.

P stelidiopsis Luer

P tanyrhina Luer & Escobar

P velaticaulis Rchb. 1

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 14. Pleurothallis expansa

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 15. Pleurothallis dracontea Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 16. Pleurothallis dressleri Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 17. Pleurothallis janetiae Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

Plate 18. Pleurothallis endotrachys Rchb.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 20. Pleurothallis masdevalliopsis Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis subgen. Mirabilia Luer, subgen nov.

Type: Pleurothallis mirabilis Schltr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-

Dahlem 7:274,1981.

Ety.: From the Latin m/ra£u7zs,“wonderful, strange,” referring to the

most unusual flower.

[Syn.: Pabstiella Brieg. & Sengh., Die Orchideen 429,1975, nomen invalid.]

Sepala cum pede longissimo columnae in mentum profundum formantia. Unguis

labelli longissimus ad pedem columnae connatus.

An unusual Brazilian species, distinguished by an exceedingly long

column-foot to which an exceedingly long claw of the lip is firmly

united, constitutes this subgenus of Pleurothallis. The plant is small

and caespitose with slender ramicauls. The long, multi-flowered

racemes of white, long-chinned flowers are produced from the ramicaul

with an annulus. The column is elongate with a ventral anther and

stigma. The inflexibly connate claw of the lip to the column-foot sets

this species apart from subgen. Specklinia.

Species: P. mirabilis Schltr..Plate 21.

Pleurothallis subgen. Mirandia Luer, subgen. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis miranda Luer, Phytologi 46:369,1980.

Ety.: From the Latin mirandus, “strange, causing wonder, alluding

to the unusual characters of the species.

The unusual species segregated into this monotypic subgenus is

characterized by a well-developed ramicaul and an ovate leaf with a

long, twisted petiole. The fascicle of single flowers emerges from a con¬

spicuous spathe with an annulus. The sepals are connate into a concave

synsepal with a pair of lunate calli in the center. The apices of the petals

are remarkably cucullate. The lip is subquadrate and acutely deflexed

upon itself and attached to the base of a footless column with an apical

anther and stigma.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 21. Pleurothallis mirabilis Schltr.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

Plate 22. Pleurothallis miranda Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 23. Pleurothallis mystax Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Plate 24. Pleurothallis tubata (Lodd.) Schltr.

111 If SI mi I **m

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 25. Pleurothallis neoharlingii Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 26. Pleurothallis crepiniana Cogn.

KEY TO THE SECTIONS AND SUBSECTIONS OF SUBGEN. PLEUROTHALLIS

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis subgen. Pleurothallis sect. Abortivae Luer, sect. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis abortiva Luer, Phytologia 47:72,1980.

Ety.: From the Latin abortivus, “abortive,” referring to the obsoles¬

cent column-foot.

The species of this section are closely allied to subgen. Ancipitia. The

section is characterized by a fascicle of usually long-pedunculate soli¬

tary flowers borne at the base of the leaf at the apex of an elongated

ramicaul without a visible annulus. Instead of sharply ancipitous, the

ramicaul is round in cross-section, but sometimes lightly compressed

near the apex. The sepals and petals are also similar to those of subgen.

Ancipitia but the column is narrowly cylindrical and footless, similar

to the column of some species of Lepanthes. The unhooded anther,

rostellum and stigma are apical.

Species: P. abortiva Luer

P. furcifera Luer

P. glochis Luer & Escobar

P. gracilipedunculata Foldats

P. habenula Luer & Escobar

P. stevensonii Luer

P. wigginsii C. Schweinf..Plate 27.

Pleurothallis subgen. Pleurothallis sect. Macrophyllae-Fascicu-

latae Lindl., Folia Orchid. Pleuroth. 9,1859.

Lectotype here designated: Pleurothallis grandiflora Lindl., Edwards’

Bot. Reg. 21:sub t. 1797,1836. This species, typical for the sec¬

tion, is chosen from 18 closely allied species listed by Lindley.

Ety.: From the Greek makrophyllon, “a large leaf,” and the Latin

fasciculatus, “fasciculate,” in reference to the fasciculate

inflorescence at the base of a large leaf.

[Syn.: Erectorostrata Brieg., Die Orchideen 428,1975, nomen invalid.]

This section of “the frogs” constitutes the largest group of closely

related species in the entire subtribe. The section is characterized by

H-ture leaves usually cordate at the base, often spreading or deflexed,

and borne by well-developed ramicauls. Sometimes the stems are

lightly compressed near the leaf, but not into sharp edges. Leaves of

immature plants are elliptical, erect, and borne by short ramicauls.

, T jj e solitary flowers are produced singly or numerously in a fascicle at

the base of the sessile leaf. No annulus is visible. The lip is commonly

igulate, but sometimes cordate with basal lobes, and often with a

glenion at the base. The base is more or less flattened or concave on

the end to fit beneath the column or to accommodate the broad

column-foot.

The glenion is a circular structure, shiny or sticky, just above the

cage of the base of the lip and directly beneath the rostellum thrust

orward above from the column. Undoubtedly it plays a part in attract-

hg pollinators. A glenion is also commonly developed in Pleurothallis

sect. Pleurothallis and the genera Brachionidium, Lepanthopsis, Platy-

s tele and Stelis.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 27. Pleurothallis wigginsii C. Schweinf.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 28. Pleurothallis fornix Luer & Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 29. Pleurothallis stricta Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 30. Pleurothallis magnified Luer &

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 65

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 32. Pleurothallis ruscifolia (Jacq.) R. Br.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

Pleurothallis subgen. Pleurothallis sect. Truncatae Luer, sect,

nov.

Type: Pleurothallis truncata Lindl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2:355,1836.

Ety.: From the Latin truncatus, “truncate,” in reference to the shape

of the lip when expanded.

Labellum sphericum cum lateribus rotundatis incurvatis basi ad pedem obsolescentem

A solitary, unusual species is segregated here into a monotypic sec¬

tion characterized by the well-developed ramicaul, a sessile leaf, and a

racemose inflorescence that emerges from the base of the leaf at the

apex of the ramicaul without a visible annulus. The simultaneously

flowered raceme lies upon the spreading leaf, veiy much like that seen

in subgen. Acianthera. The flowers are subspherical with the synsepal

deeply concave. In the natural position the lip is spherical, the broadly

rounded lateral lobes incurved to meet in the midline, and the base is

inflexibly connate to an obsolescent column-foot. This feature com¬

bined with an elongated column and an exposed apical anther, rostel-

lum and stigma compatible with subgen. Pleurothallis, separate this

species from all others in the subgenus.

The bright orange flowers and the shape of the lip suggest that this

species is humming bird-pollinated. It is frequent at high altitudes in

Ecuador.

Pleurothallis subgen. Pseudoctomeria (Krzl ) Luer, stat. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis lentiginosa Lehm. & Krzl., Bot Jahrb. Syst

Ety.: FromThe^reek pseudo-, “false,” and the genus Octomeria, re¬

ferring to Kranzlin’s view of the species.

Bas.: Pseudoctomeria Krzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34:220,1925.

Type: Pleurothallis lentiginosa Lehm. & Krzl.

This unusual species of Pleurothallis from Cost f K' ca ’ l Oct^iena by

a monotypic subgenus, was thought to be possibly^an '<*

F. C. Lehmann who first discovered .t. KrandmtotJ^nbed

Pleurothallis, but in 1925 published it as a are densely

The ramicauls, about as long as the leaves near the

fascicled, and they produce a ™ ^nd external surfaces of

apex with an annulus. The connate to above the mid-

the sepals are verrucose, and the sepals are ca u i i s hinged

die. The oblong lip with a pair of lon fpartially

to a thick column-foot. The apex of the ml S ckUnltt , The stigma

covering the ventral anther as seen in suDg p

is ventral.

...Plated.

Species: Pleurothallis lentiginosa Uhm. & KrzL

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 33. Pleurothallis truncata Lindl.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALIJS

Plate 34. Pleurothallis lentiginosa Lehm. & Krzl.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 35. Pleurothallis hemirhoda Undl.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 36. Pleurothallis fastidiosa Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 37. Pleurothallis rubella Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 38. Pleurothallis sarracenia Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PI-El TROTH AT.U S

) pieurothallis penicillata Luer

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

!«SSSS:«.:

HatSssL^-r

F SUBGEN. SPECKLINIA

80

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 40. Pleurothallis regalis Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Plate 41. Pleurothallis cucumeris Luer

SYSTEMATIC?

LEUROTHALUS

Luer

Plate 42. Pleurothallis trichostoma

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate

3. Pleurothallis areldii Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

1 . Pleurothallis grobyi Batem. ex Undl.

88

ICONES PLEUROTHAU JOIN ARUM

Plate 45. Pleurothallis dete

rmannii Luer

JROTHALLIS

IJIUROTHALLimNARUM

Plate 46. Pleurothallis hastata Ames

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 48. Pleurothallis tributaries (Sw.) Lindl.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis subgen. Specklinia sect. Tripteranthae Luer, sect,

nov.

Type: Pleurothallis tripterantha Rchb. f., Bonplandia 2:24,1854.

Ety.: From the Greek tripteranthos, “three-winged flower,” referring

to the tall carinae of the ovaries and sepals.

Inflorescentia racemosa plus minusve pendens. Ovarium et flos camosi-alati floribus

This section consists of a variable and relatively common species,

widespread in the neotropics. It is treated here as a monotypic section

of subgen. Specklinia. Vegetatively it resembles a species of Masdeval-

lia, and it has been described thrice in that genus by Kranzlin (Af.

aperta, M. carpophora and M. tricarinata. One was even transferred

recently to Scaphosepalum).

The ramicauls are short and the inflorescence emerges laterally from

the ramicaul with a bulge or an indistinct annulus. The several-

flowered inflorescence is more or less pendent. The ovaries and sepals

are conspicuously fleshy-carinate, the flowers frequently being cleisto-

gamous. The petals, lip and column are typical for subgen. Specklinia.

The single species and its synonyms:

P. tripterantha Rchb. f., Bonplandia 2:24,1854 . Plate 49.

Syn.: P tripterygia Rchb. f„ Bonplandia 2:24, 1854. [first treated as a synonym of P.

tripterantha by Foldats, FI. Venez. 15(2):435,1970]

P procumbens Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleuroth. 35,1859.

Lepanthes tricarinata Barb. Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2:43, 1882, non P. tricari¬

nata Poepp. & Endl.

Humboldtia procumbens (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2:688,1891.

Humboldtia tripterantha (Rchb. f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2:668,1891.

Humboldtia tripterygia (Rchb. f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2:668,1891.

P trialata Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(4):500,1896.

Masdevallia tricarinata Lehm. & Krzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst 26:456,1899, non P. tricar-

inntn R,

P. hamata Rolfe [Orch. Rev. 24:187,1916, nomen nudum] ex Ames, Sched. Orch.J

1923, descr.

Masdevallia carpophora Krzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17:427,1921.

P medellinensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7:236,1920.

Masdevallia aperta Krzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17:430,1921.

P h un teriana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:20,1922.

P aperta (Krzl.) Ames, Sched. Orch. 7:17,1924.

Scaphosepalum carpophorum (Krzl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 21:251, 1967.

FleurothalHs subgen. Specklinia sect. Unciferae Luer , sect. nov.

1 ype: Pleurothallis segouiensis Rchb. f., Bonplandia 3:223,1855.

Ety.: From the Latin uncifer, “hook-bearing,” referring to the unci¬

nate lateral lobes.

Ramicaules breves. Lobi laterales labelli uncinati.

This section consists of a few, closely related species. It is character¬

ized by the short ramicaul and a simultaneously flowered raceme, or if

successively flowered, several flowers open simultaneously. The sepals

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

95

Plate 49. Pleurothallis tripterantha Rchb. f.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

97

Plate 50. Pleurothallis pompalis ■

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 51. Pleurothallis talpinaria (Karst.) Rchb. f.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Plate 52. Pleurothallis xenion Luer & Escobar

, Dan H.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

iSr”'

;*@s

105

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM