CONTENTS

Pleurothallis cachabensis

Subgenus Pleurothallis

Section Pleurothallis

Subsection Antenniferae .

List of the species.

Key to the species.

Descriptions of species.

Subsection Longiracemosae .

List of the species...

Key to the species...

Descriptions of species.

Subsection Macrophyllae-Racemosae .

List of the species.

Key to the species.

Descriptions of species.....

Illustrations of the species.

Subsection Perplexae .

Index to all three subsections

Subgenus Pseudostelis

Subgenus Pseudostelis .

List of the species.

Key to the species..

Descriptions of species.

Illustrations of species.

Index to Pseudostelis ..

Subgenus Acuminatia

Subgenus Acuminatia .

List of the species.

Key to die species.

Descriptions of species.

Binomials in subgenus Acuminatia endemic in Brazil...

Illustrations of species.

Index to Acuminatia ..

...Frontispiece

.1-28

..2-3

.7-28

..29-36

.30

.31-36

.37-61

.38

.39-40

..41-61

.62-83

..83

.84-85

.87-96

.89-93

..94-95

.96

.97-125

..99-100

.101-102

.103-125

.125

.126-133

.134

Addenda.........135-158

Miscellaneous New Species......_............___...............159-180

Index to addenda and new species.181

References and Acknowledgments for all parts.182

i Hutz, Province of Imbabura, Ecuador, circi

a level, 20 January 1987, photo by Alexander C. Hirtz.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

SECTION PLEUROTHALUS

SUBSECTIONS ANTENNIFERAE, LONGIRACEMOSAE, MACROPHYLLAE-

RACEMOSAE AND PERPLEXAE (ORCHIDACEAE)

Pleurothallis subsect. Perplexae Luer, subsect. nov.

Pleurothallis archidonopsis Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Pleurothallis madsenii Luer, sp. nov.

Pleurothallis tenebrosa Luer, sp. nov.

Pleurothallis uninervla Luer & Dodson, sp. nov.

Subgenus Pleurothallis is composed of three sections: Pleurothallis , and two

unispecific sections: Abortivae and Truncatae. Section Pleurothallis is character¬

ized by an elongate, non-compressed ramicaul, an essentially free dorsal sepal,

connate lateral sepals, a variously developed lip with a simple base, a semiterete,

wingless and toothless column with an apical, unhooded anther, an apical or subapi-

cal stigma, and an abbreviated or vestigial column-foot.

Section Pleurothallis is presently subdivided into seven subsections: Acroniae,

Antenniferae, Longiracemosae, Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, Macrophyllae-Race-

mosae, Pleurothallis, and Perplexae. All the subsections are interrelated, some¬

times with overlapping boundaries and intermediate species, the differences relying

only on key characters. A key to the sections and subsections is provided in leones

Pleurothallidinarum-17 (Luer, 1998) with the treatments of subsections Acroniae

and Pleurothallis. Treatments of subsections Antenniferae, Longiracemosae,

Macrophyllae-Racemosae and Perplexae follow in this publication of leones Pleur-

othallidinarum-18. Subsection Macrophyllae-fasciculatae will be treated separately

because of the large number of species.

SUBSECTION ANTENNIFERAE

Pleurothallis subgen. Pleurothallis sect. Pleurothallis subsect. Antenniferae

Luer, Monogr. Syst Bot 72:4,1998.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

spalhe; floral bracts thin, infundibular or

sepal free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals completely

ly oblong to narrowly linear, acute to

the middle or at the base, flexibly or inflexibly attached to the thickened base of

:r apical and the stigma apical or subap-

of the column thickened with the apex

The first species attributable to subsection Antenniferae was described from

Peru by Ruiz and Pav6n in 1798 as Humboldtia revoluta. Poeppig and Endlicher

described it also from Peru as Pleurothallis diffusa in 1836, Reichenbach described

it from Venezuela as P. semipellucida in 1849, and Rolfe described it as P. compli-

cata from Bolivia in 1896. Poeppig and Endlicher also described P. secunda in

1836. Several other species of the subsection were added by both Lindley and

Reichenbach in the nineteenth century, and a few were added in the early twentieth

century by Krgnzlin and Schlechter. Numerous species have been added during the

last quarter-century. At present, 38 species are known. They are widely distributed

in humid forests of the Andes of South America. They are absent from Central

America, the Antilles and Brazil.

Subsection Antenniferae is characterized by a caespitose or repent habit with

well-developed ramicauls that are usually longer than the leaf. The usually erect,

racemose inflorescence is terminal at the base of a sessile leaf. Rarely the leaf is

narrowed into a subpetiolate base. The flowers are basically similar and usually

resupinate. As in the other subsections, the dorsal sepal is free from the laterals,

and the lateral sepals are connate into a concave or cucullate synsepal. The petals

are more or less thickened, entire, narrowly oblong to narrowly linear, and expand¬

ed. The lip is three-lobed with the lobes lateral and prominent, either broadly

rounded or elongated, sometimes markedly so. The lip is variously recurved near

the middle, usually acutely so, so that the Up is bent 90* to 180*. A glenion is not

usually developed. The deflexed base is attached to an abbreviated column-foot.

The column is semiterete, usuaUy short, with anther and stigma apical or subapical.

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALLIS

REFERABLE TO SUBSECTION ANTENNIFERAE

Pleurothallis alveolata Luer .

Pleurothallis antennifera Lindl .

. p ! g ’ *

Pleurothallis aporosis Luer.

Pleurothallis aves-seriales Luer & Escobar = P. penduliflora

Pleurothallis bicochlearis Luer...

Fig 3

PleurothaUis bicruris Lindl

.p! 8 ‘

PleurothaUis brachiata Luer.

. ^

Pleurothallis complicata Rolfe = P. revoluta

Pleurothallis cyclochila Lindl. = P. antennifera

PleurothaUis cymbisepala Schltr. .

PleurothaUis demissa Luer & Vfcauez .''

Pleurothallis diffusa Poepp. & Endl = P. revoluta . 8 '

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis diffusa var. grandiflora (C.Schweinf.) C.Schweinf. = P. penduliflora

Pleurothallis diploglossa Schltr. = P. bicruris

.Jig. 10.

.Fie. 11.

Pleurothallis hjertingii Luer.

.Jig. 13.

Pleurothallis imbaburae Luer & Hirtz.

.Jig. 14.

Pleurothallis incurva Lindl. = P. antennifera

Pleurothallis lenae Luer & DalstrCm.

.Jig. 15.

Pleurothallis lindenii var. longiracema C.Schweinf. = P. hjertingii

PlflirothaJliS loejtnant” Luer .-.

.Jig. 16.

.Jig. 17.

Pleurothallis manicosa Luer & Escobar.

.Fig. 18.

Pleurothallis melanosticta Luer.

.Fig. 19.

Pleurothallis nasiterna Luer.

.Jig. 20.

.Jig. 21.

Pleurothallis penduliflora Kraenzl.

..Jigs. 22,23.

Pleurothallis ptychophora Luer.

.Fig. 24.

Pleurothallis pulvinaris Luer & Escobar.

.Fig. 25.

Pleurothallis ramificans Luer.

Pleurothallis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay..

.Jig. 26.

.Fig. 27.

Pleurothallis roseola Luer & Hirtz.

.Fig. 28.

Pleurothallis saltatoria Lindl.

.Jig. 29.

Pleurothallis scintillata Luer.

.Jig. 30.

Pleurothallis serunda Pnenn. & F.ndl.

.Fie. 31.

Pleurothallis secunda var. longiracema C.Schweinf. = P. hjertingii

Pleurothallis semipellucida Rchb.f. = P. revoluta

Pleurothallis semipellucida var. grandiflora C.Schweinf. = P. penduliflora

Pleurothallis susnensa I .iie.r....Fie. 32.

Pleurothallis taurus Luer

.Fig. 33.

Pleurothallis tectosa Luer & Hirtz.....

.Fig. 34.

Pleurothallis tenebrosa Luer.

.Jig. 35.

Pleurothallis trifurcata Luer.

.Jig. 36.

Pleurothallis tuzae Luer.......

.Jig. 37.

Pleurothallis urcenlata Luer.

.Fie. 38.

Pleurothallis veliformis Luer & Dalstrom.Fig. 39.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBSECTION ANTENNIFERAE

1 Leaf narrowed into a subpetiolate base. 2

1 ’ Leaf sessile, cuneate to cordate. i

2 Lip with the midlobe obtuse to rounded.

T Lip with the midlobe oblong, acute.

P p tU70C

3 Leaf cordate with basal lobes extending bevond the base

3’ Leaf cuneate with margins of the leaf not extending bevond the snathe 8

4 Lip with short or obscure lateral lobes.

4’ Lip with lateral lobes as large as the midlobe

5 Sepals spotted with puiple; lip convex.

.. P. roseola

6 Ramicauls with greatly inflated sheaths; leaf deeply cordate....

6 Ramicauls without inflated sheaths

. P. manicosa

7 Lip with midlobe short, acutely reflexed.. P ]pnn(t

T Lip with midlobe oblong, not reflexed. . P penduliflora

8 Plant prolific, ramicauls producing other ramicauls.. a

ant not prolific, ramicauls not producing other ramicauls.

.14

9 Up with lateral lobes narrow...

10 Lip With lateral lobes much longer than the midlobe /> , aurus

10 Lip with lateral lobes about as long as the midlobe. P r^Z

1 1 ,0 ” 8: “ P Wi,h la,enU ,0bes much waller dian the mid-

n’Sepalsm^dumOnun^^^^^—

12 Lip with the midlobe long-apicnlate, much smalier than the Intend lobe.

13 Spathe 2-3 cm long; raceme erec t.

SSSSSfKaas-;-.. .;=£

15’ Up with lateral inarms nmwXe^c^calh. * melan ° 5tic £

16 Lip with large, erect basal lobes, erose at the apex.

16’ Lip not with large, erect basal lobes..

17 Inflorescence much shorter than the leaf---............18

17’ Inflorescence longer than the leaf...-----19

18 Sepals more than 10 mm long; lip minutely erase. P. aporosis

18’ Sepals less than 5 mm long; lip entire, dark brown across the basal half..

.............. P. tenebrosa

19 Lip transverse, broader than long.........—.20

19’ Lip about as broad as long with the apex round, apiculate . 23

20 Lip acutely revolute.21

20’ Lip triangular when expanded, sharply obtuse, lobes retrorse, elongate.22

21 Lip dumbbell-shaped... P scintillata

21’ Lip deeply concave above the middle. P. alveolata

22 Lip with curved calli within the margins of the lobes. P. secunda

22’ Lip without curved calli within the margins of the lobes. P. demissa

23 Petals subclavate----- P. loejtnantii

23’ Petals narrowly acute -..........—..........-24

24 Lip ovate, not acutely revolute, not concave medially. P. cymbisepala

24’ Lip acutely revolute.25

25 Racemes erect; lip concave medially.. P. revoluta

25’ Racemes pendent; lip convex medially.. P. suspensa

26 Lip with lateral lobes elongate, narrow..—...27

26’ Lip with lateral lobes broad, antrorse 31

27 Lip with lobes antrorse, straight, acute, with midlobe very small, reflexed.

..........._.........................._........_ P. bicruris

IT Lip not as above..........28

28 Lip with lobes descending, about as large as the triangular midlobe. .P. trifurcata

28’ Lip with lobes antrorse, incurved...29

29 Lip with lobes slender, about as long as the midlobe. P. brachiata

29’ Lip with lobes longer than the midlobe.30

30 Lip with midlobe short, acutely reflexed. P. hippocrepica

30’ Lip with midlobe not acutely reflexed (plant usually prolific). P. taurus

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

31 Inflorescence 1- to 2-flowered; lip with midlobe not reflexed.. P. eccentrica

31* Inflorescence many-flowered.32

32 Lip with midlobe acutely reflexed 180*........_........_..33

32* Lip with midlobe reflexed about 90*......36

33 Lip deeply concave.34

33’ Lip not deeply concave......35

34 Lip deeply concave above the middle, with the apex acuminate, spout-like.

. P urceolata

34’ Lip deeply concave centrally, with the lobes forming a roof over the cavity.

.. P. tectosa

35 Lip with lateral lobes concave, shell-shaped. p. bicochlearis

35’ Lip with lateral lobes not concave,. .. ./>. ptychophora

36 Rhizome usually elongated; lip with midlobe round, minutely apiculate.

,,, Z. p antennifera

36 Rhizome not elongated; lip with midlobe long-apiculate.37

37 Sepals less than 3 mm long...

37’ Sepals more than 5 mm long.

.P. parviflora

.38

38 Synsepal deeply concave with spout-like apex; lip with lateral lobes thickened,

not narrowed at their base. . msiturm

38 Synsepal not deeply concave; lip with lateral lobes broad, narrowed at their base

. .. P.genychila

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

yellow or green, 3-lobed, l.S mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide across the lobes expanded, the anterior lobe or

apex ovate, subacute to obtuse, apiculate, the lateral lobes oblong, incurved, round at the tip, each ca. 1.5

mm long, acutely deflexed above the base, attached to the base of the column; column stout, terete, 1.5

mm long, the foot obsolescent, the anther, rostellum and stigma apical

ECUADOR: Pichincha: “ravines of Pichincha,” W. Jameson 84 (Holotype: K; Isotype: W); “Andes of

Quito,” W. Jameson 106 (holotype of P. incurva : K; isotype: W); valley of Lloa, alt. 8,000 ft., 21 Jan.

1856, W. Jameson 414 (AMES); between Calacali and La Liberia, alt. 2500 m, 7 Apr. 1984, C.Luer, S

Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & A. Hirtz 10016 (MO); beyond Calacali, alt 2650 m, 4 Apr. 1985, C.H. Dodson et

al. 15773 (MO); above Tandapi, alt. 2500 m, 31 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. <5 X. Hirtz 11013 (MOV

between San Juan and Chiriboga, alt 2650 m, 28 May 1988, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 13693 (MO). CarchL

above Maldonado, alt. 2600 m, 1 Mar. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 12385 (GB); between Tulcan

and Maldonado, alt 2400 m, 2 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T. Hdijer 9952 (MO); same area alt

2100 m, 19 Jam 1988 U Molau, B. Eriksen & M. Fredrikson 2608 (GB); between Maldonado’and

Chtcal, alt 1400 m, 17 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15104 (MO); west of

Tulcin above Maldonado, alt. 3250 m, 14 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P. Jesup 16003 (MO)

SdVa Akgrc ’ ^ 2970m > 20Mar - 1986 * CJ t. Dodson, A. &X. Hirtz

/Jf ^^ 1400 m> May 1989 > A - Hirtz & X Hirtz 4227 (MO); southeast of

Lita, road to Cachaco alt. 1300 m, 19 Mar. 1991 C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 15177 (MO). Tungura-

Chhnbor«» Rl0 ^ , and ^ ^ 130 °- 1400 m - 17 1967, B. Sparre 17677 (S).

" Z t ° f u 00 Tiil Ap j l946 ' R Espinosa 182 (AMES - L ° JA “'

2600m ' 9 Feb - 1982 ’ °- ’ 20487 ‘ m>SS,2<mf20497

P^ueNadonal P^ a r Y W dt ‘ 250 °-2900 m. May 1985, D. D’Alessandro 398 (MO);

--- ocaipus, terra loledo, alt 2500-3400 m, 30 Oct 1989, J. E. Madsen 86256 (AAU,

and Gualaquiza, 9 Apr. 1968, G. Harling, G.

“* Nudo de Sabanilla, above Valladolid, alt.

u above Valladolid, alt. 2450 m, 23 Mar.

V. Flores 10929 (MO). “Sandillani,” alt. 7,000-8,000 ft, Apr. 1866,

1985, C. Luer, „. *

R. Pierce s.n.(K). ■ -

r ir VClochiU,. K; isaype: W). C. Luuril-

western sieves of Munchiqui alt 2300 m 3 M’ im /Vr F° L ’ M0 ^ Cauca: A l to de la Laguna,

Corrales, v£n Purace, alt ftw?”s M^i878 C ^ iUustn 17093;

Los Farallones de Cali, alt 3350 m K J* n » ^ Lehmann sn - Valle del Cauca: Cali,

alt 2260 m. 5 Jan. 1987. F. £%£ eTai m^T^^' E1 Ca ’ r °’ ^ del ^ s ’

vl r '" 0:eR ‘ c “ n '' dL 1600m -

(AMES). ° T “ na ' alL 2500-2900 m, 15 July 1944,/. A. Steyenmrk S72S9

PERU: Cajamarca: Cutervo betw

Baldedn 2808 (F, MO). ’ WeC " 30 Andr6s and Socota, alt. 2500 m, 19 Apr. 1988, C. Diaz & S.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yunnas north f rr a

Vdsquez 5109 (SEL). Cochabamba^oad to TaW^ M,' 0^“’ l Feb ‘ 198 °* CLuer ’ J - W & R -

Vdsquez 5178 (SEL). 0 Tablas * 2400 m, 9 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.

protrude from either side. The lin ve ^ narrow Petals, as long as the sepals,

vary in length and width. P tnree-lobed with incurved lateral lobes that

in 1859. Althoug^reced^irh^w" 165 “ Ws Folia 0rchida ^a Pleurothallis

retained here becaLe^f co^on^u^e^ 10 ^ 011 ^ ** '**"*'*

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

nun long; ovaiy 3 mm long; sepals translucent rose, glabrous, the middle sepal ovate, acute, concave,

S.S-6.3 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to the apex into an ovate, concave,

acute synsepal, 3-6.3 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals rose, narrowly linear, acute, thickened

toward the apex, 5.5-6 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip light green, transversely triangular expanded, 1.75

mm long, 4 mm wide, the apex obtuse, shortly acuminate, incurved, with the basal angles obtuse, flank¬

ing the column, the base shortly deflexed, attached to the base of the column; column stout, terete, 1.5

to Tables, alt 2600 m, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vdsques 5183 (SEL).

This species occurs uncommonly on the northern slopes of the Andes of central

Bolivia. It is characterized by a long, very slender ramicaul; a long, narrow leaf;

and a long, drooping raceme. The middle sepal and synsepal are acute; the petals

are nairowly linear and thick; and the lip is transversely “V-shaped” expanded.

Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-18 cm

ing from the site of the inflorescen

cm long, 1-3 cm wide, the apex ac

6 , mm 1 1 ° n8 - f Inflorescence a or a looser-flowered" ^me.’ bomeby a

s P*h« 5-10 mm long, at the base of the leaf or laterally

12 nun wide . wa'S

65 “ ‘ aas lue “ 1 lob “' ' he middle

Feb. 1987, C Luer J Luer A A M T , CUt Detween Lun6n md Gualaceo, alt. 2200 m, 8

well aserowino f0UIKl coloniz ‘ n 8 a damp road embankment, as

ovate leaf vnrifc fw, S m e same locality. The base of the mature, narrowly

a P 61101610 ‘"distinctly ot distinctly pe-

bear a lone-pedunculate • ^ Y10 ^ petiolatQ than lar 8 er leaves. Either may

ordistamly

is distinctly three-lohed with th ^° 1116 *** narrowly linear. The Up

callus. ^ teraI obes convex and broadly rounded without a

zssgSgf&tF"-'

n long; ovary 2 n

a deeply concave, ovoid’a.

p ® tals y eI low. narrowly ovate acute 6 S m *T "'TXT*

mcuiar, obscurely 3-lobed 4 65 lon S* 1-25 mm wit

lobes small, rounded, near’the midtU^fh Wde ’ a P ex rounded,

base of the column; *

the lateral sepals connate to

long, 6 mm wide expanded, 6-

le, 3-veined; lip yellow, subor-

■ «««. tai., l.i«Z?;S*i' kBc ^- *™dy attached to the

“m long, the foot obsolescent, the anther, rostellum and

14 icones pleurothaludinarum

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Jardin, Alto de Ventanas, alt. 2800 m, 25 May 1983, R. Escobar, L. & J.

ECUADOR: I^a^udode Sabanilla above Valladolid, alt. 2500 m, 24 Feb. 1988, U. Molau & B.

Eriksen 3186 (AAU, GB).

This uncommon species, known from isolated collections, is similar to P. pendu-

liflora, but it differs in ovate leaves not cordate at the base; triangular petals; and a

lip with long, incurved lobes. Both species are large with stout ramicauls; relatively

large flowers are borne in distichous racemes that exceed the leaf.

Plant large, epiphytic, scandent;---

>elow, 4-6 cm long abov

n long, 2-3

_LeafL 16:53,1953.

ng to the inflorescence,

i C.Schweinf„ Bot. Mus. Leafl. 17:

cuneate. sessile. Inflorescence a solitary, erect,

l, subtended by a

ong; pedicels 10-

Jte, slightly acu-

.. wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals completely____

--,—r*l, 12 mm long, 6 mm wide unexpanded, 6 mm deep, 6-veined; peta

te, 7-9 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined; lip trilobed, 4-5 mm long, 7 mm wide across tl

’ ">e obtuse to round, with the lateral lobes broadly rounded, 2

PERU: Cuzco: v . UUOUWB , itmu.hu nw.uu, ajw m, ty Apr. 1V3J, j. t

(Holotype: C), C. Luer illustr. 17257; Urabamba, Tuncapata, Sta. Riu

yw-i— r__ “ il895a

of the t

1953, J. P. Hjerting & E. Petersen 1571

-. M|— ________ ,„rgas 2663

longiracema: AMES), C. Luer fllustr. 18950.

This species is very closely allied to Bolivian P. sanatoria and the widely dis¬

tributed P. penduliflora from both of which it is distinguished most easily by the

broader, three-veined petals. It is apparently endemic in the mountains of Cuzco

around Machu Picchu, where it was first collected by Vargas. This specimen,

however, was described as a variety of P. secunda.

Pleurothallis hjertingii is distinguished by the prolific habit; a large, foliaceous

spathe, and a toll, distantly several-flowered raceme of comparatively large flowers.

The prusepa 1 is deeply concave, the petals are oblong and acute, and the lip is tri¬

lobed with the lobes basal and broadly rounded.

;t aburae 4"r r & Lindleyana 11:163,1996.

d 2 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

ed sessile 5.5-8 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, the base round-

raceme 5-7 cm long includ sub dense, distichous, simultaneously several-flowered

infundibular, 2.5 mm lone-^irtfT? i 2 ’ 3 ^ long ’ from a slender s pathe 1 cm long; floral bracts

gins erase, the basal lobes ere^’r^d^tte t*’ subacute with defle * ed sides, i ‘

column terete, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick,’0.5 n

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

This small member of the subsection is distinguished by the narrowly ovate

leaves surpassed by a distichous raceme of several small purple flowers. The synse-

pal is deeply boat-shaped; the petals are narrowly linear with a thickened, sub-

clavate, obtuse apex; and the lip is trilobed with broadly rounded lateral lobes and a

small, concave middle lobe between, and deflexed upon the base.

madsenu Luer, sp. nov.

in honor of J. E. Madsen who collected this species.

Luer affinis, sed floribus multiminoribus sepalis camosis, petalis c

-llo ovoideo-trilobato, lobis lateralibus brevioribusque latioribus diffeil

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose below, prolific above; roots slender. Ramicauls sle

erect, apparently only once supeiposed, 12-16 cm long below. 4-5 cm long above, with 1-2 thin tu

- 0 ,1-1.5 cm wide, the b»c scssue, cuneaie. umoresc

flowered raceme, 5-6 cm long including the peduncle c

-m long at the base of the leaf; floral bracts ‘

m long above; o-’ ’ - -

c^nLT SIT 6 - 1 mm J I °° g: se P a,s flesh y. urinate, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate,

acute, concave. 3.3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals completely connate into an ovate

n^wlv ^ Widc unex P anded * 2-veined; petals thick, fleshy, terete!

< T* a iy .uianguiar, obtuse, 0.5 mm long, the base broadly truncate, attached to the base of the

' * broad ‘ terete ’ 2 ' 3 “» lon 8. footles, the anther and the stigma apical.

“ kn ° Wn a single collection from southern Ecuador. It is

tek Pr °^ C ““ CUmbin8 F - rami f‘ CMS - but it differs from the

latter in having erect ramicauls with only one or two erect sunemmed ,tPm, The

racemes are shorter and the flowers are much smaller and fleshy.

T“fa]^? bar ’ ?T deolo g f a 20:66,1966.

’ MI ° fslceVes ’ refemng to the dilated sheaths of the ramicauL

disc featureless, the

>roaa, auated, overlapping sheaths at

~~~, owurumaie, 15-19 cm long including the basal

aiuiuuaneous, simultaneously many-flowered .o?*' a faScicle of several < to 12 >» erect ’

tong, produced from a broad, foliaceous spathe 3-3^ 1*‘ 2 ? T l™ 8 includin 8 ^ peduncle 4-5 cm

6-7 mm long; pedicels 8-9 mm Iona- ov™ 1 LL, 8 31 Ae base of leaf; floral bracts slender,

ovate, concave, acute, 7 mm long 3 mm wid* i long ;“P* ,s red-purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

deeply concave, cymbifonn, acute synsenaL 6 5 mm'& med , *he lateral sepals completely connate into a

pwpk. glabrous, narrowly linear, acaue^mm hT n"!’ 4 Wde ““P^ded, 6-veined; petals red-

globed. 1-1.5 mm long, 5 mm 3 * Veined 41 base = »P red-purple,

acuminate, the lateral lobes broadly falcate in™ j *** lobes ’ Wlth ^ a P ,cal lobe triangular, acute

base shortly acutely deflexed, coTecSt'rT " "" *-- ‘ ’

long, the foot thick, obsolescent, the anther, rostelhl

COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: I

dehS^^r^ lOTb0n,Uldeas *SWSr, E ' Valencia ’ My 1989 -flowered

I Ca “ C * 0 ?*">. Cerro del Ingles, Serrama’ de ZTv (Holotype: JAUM; Isotype: MO). Valle

T Cabre^TGatlTlTl^ ^ 23 °° ”• 3 Jan ‘ 1987 * PA Sil ^

a turn Uar . cis & A. Henao 2918 (CUVC, MO);

“• 1900 m, 13 h

JGiraldoG.&L

stone.N.Paz.R.TA

between Cali and B

M wov - GiraldoG. & L. Olver A 537(MO,

Although vegetatively this SDeciev ic ■

because of the greatly dilated shemhe* LT™™ of sub 8 enus Crocodeilanthe

this species are typical of those of section pT' foliaceous s P a the, the flowers of

racemes of many flowers are produced in n f Pleu . rothallis - Several simultaneous

which the three-lobed lip is held. The mi^^ synsepal “ concave within

lobes are broadly falcate. ^ d e *°be is acuminate, and the lateral

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

(0, E. Poeppig 1746 (Holotype: W), C. Luer il-

lustr. iojou.

This species is known only from the collection of the type in Peru by Poeppig in

1830. Other collections attributed to this species by Schweinfurth in the Orchids of

Peru are misidentified. Garay erroneously identified P. lindenii as P. secunda ,

which was accepted by Schweinfurth. Dunsterville’s illustration in Venezuelan

Orchids of P. bicomis and P. lindenii is misidentified as P. secunda.

Pleurothallis secunda is characterized by a large, elliptical, acute leaf, and a

few, loosely several-flowered racemes borne from the subsessile base. The racemes

are drawn erect by Poeppig, but they appear to have been arched on the specimen,

and shorter than the leaf. The flower appears similar to those of Bolivian P. demis-

sa, which produces many flowers in a much longer, drooping raceme. The purple-

veined (as described) dorsal sepal and concave synsepal are eight to ten millimeters

long, and the shorter petals are entire and narrowly acute. Although the general

outline of the lip in the drawing by Poeppig is reasonably portrayed, the inclusion of

a long claw is probably a misinterpretation of the still-attached ovary and pedicel

after removal of the sepals and petals. In reality, the lip is transversely cordate and

sharply obtuse with broadly rounded basal lobes to either side of an acutely de-

tlexed base. A low callus lies just within the basal margins.

Pleurothallis suspensa Luer, Selbyana 7:124,1982.

By.. From the Latin suspensus, “hanging.” referring to the flaccid n

In I***'* 3 *"*' ^ G.CX. Dunsterville 564.

dentifiedas P.penduliflorat^eudrni ^ fiddguide ’ this species is misi '

leaves, and flowers distinguished bv a ? C * a larger plant with deepl y cordate

suspensa is characterized hv »v> I P Wldl incur ving lateral lobes. Pleurothallis

overhang more or less horizontaTleaves *** raCemes of purple flowers that

synsepal is concave and the petals are nan- 111 ?°^ mon Wlth most 31116(1 species, the

obtuse with broadly roundedwect sides '^ 7716 lip is broadl y ovate 311(1

^ u con^ve and the petals are r,

obtuse wrth broadly rounded erect sides

80 ' !

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

lip light yellow-brown

VENEZUELA: Zulia: Sierra de Perija, on trail from Pichit

GCK. Dunsterville 1401 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: MO), CI

This species, apparently endemic in the Sierra de Perija between Venezuela and

Colombia, was misidentified in Orchids of Venezuela, Field Guide as P. sanluisii

Foldats. The true P. sanluisii, a species of subsection Pleurothallis , was misidenti¬

fied as the Central American P. longipedicellata Ames & C.Schweinf. These errors

led to P. sanluisii being described as P. stalkyi.

Pleurothallis tenebrosa is distinguished from other species of this subsection by

elliptical, sessile leaves, and shorter racemes of small, light tan flowers with a

prominent, dark purple-brown suffusion across the lower half of the lip and column.

The Up is transversely ovate with broadly rounded lateral margins and apex.

Pleurothallis trifurcata Luer, Lindleyana 11:190,1996.

Ely.: From the Latin trifurcatus, “trifurcate,” referring to the three-pronged lip.

iptical, acute, shortly acuminate, 7-15 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, the base sessile, broadly to nar-

icate. Inflorescence racemose, 1-2 erect to arching, loose, simultaneously several-flowered

lof Z S , ST ra ^Ti ,mCle 1 4 ' 6Cm ^long, subtended by a slender spathe 0.5-1 cm long

oranoTS fl0r i bra ? 3 ' 5 mm long: P edlcel 4 ' 5 mm Ion g; ov ary 2-3 mm long; sepals

orange, with or without brown orpuiple spots, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, shortly

” 940 T. long> 44 nim 3 : vei »ed. the lateral sepals completely connate into an ovate,

in long, 5 mm wide unexpanded, 6-veined; petals yellow

-suburiate, acute,^8-9 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip

2 mm long, the disc featureless, the base acutely deflexed, attached

o umn greenish white, terete, 2-3 mm long, footless, the anther and

dC l0 \ Uan8anates ’ ^ ah. 3100 m, 11 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J.

23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer J iL^A L , < fc b ° Ve Yangana ’ noith of the P ass - alt - 2600 m

tWid, alt 2700 m. 23 Mar 1985 Cr r \ ^ nor »' Ch '“chipe: south of Yangana above Valla

L* Co**- '*1* * c*

relatively^higlf atoMes^^"^ 11 ^ eastera slo P es of the Andes of Ecuador at

flowers are produced from ih k C y s ! vera) ' flow «ed racemes of usually spotted

the 11 is ™ s ‘ closely allied to

loria the lip is tfrlobed with the 8 iJ, 0S , t > , ln lhe dee P*y trifurcate lip. In P. salta-

obntse. In P bo,h s^e tee „'^ e v* 0We> “ 4 bteral

undersurface of a Sess cotaS ” “ refle;led “ d a,,ached 10

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is relatively frequent in northwestern Ecuador. It is vegetatively simi¬

lar to many of its relatives characterized by a long ramicaul, an ovate leaf, and long,

many-flowered racemes with flowers with a concave synsepal and narrowly linear

petals. The lip, however, is distinctive with oblong, convex, lateral lobes and a

broad, concave midlobe with a pointed, spoutlike tip.

Pleurothallis veliformis Luer & Dalstrbm, Lindleyana 11:194,1996.

Ety.: From the Latin veliformis, “foimed like a veil,” in allusion to the pendent, brandling habit.

from 18 cm long above to 6 cm long

e, 9-11 cm long, 2.5-3.25 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 3-5 nun

tong, inflorescence a loose, pendent raceme 7-9 mm long induding the peduncle 3-5 cm long, simulta¬

neously several-flowered, subtended by a spathe 1.5 cm long; floral bracts 3 mm long; pedicels 4 mm

long; ovaiy 3 mm long; sepals pale green with putple spots, glabrous, the middle sepal elliptical-ovate,

acute, 9 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals completely connate into a concave, acute

synsepal, 9 mm long, 5 mm broad expanded, 6-veined; petals pale green, glabrous, thickened, linear,

^^ l0ng, d ^ 9 ^ 1 Wide ’ 1 * veined: U P 8 reen . 3-lobed, 0.75 mm long, 3 mm wide, acutely de-

a bnsUe-hke apiculum, the base shortly but acutely reflexed onto tte flle cotamTstolrt,

terete, 1.5 mm long, the foot obsolescent, the anther, rostellum and stigma apical.

f mbabUI T : ^ p, ; P hytic “ wet , forest > L 0 * Cedros Reseive, alt 1500-1650 m, 25 Mar. 1996, D.

Dalstrom, S. Ingram & K. Ingram-FerreU 2216 (Holotype: MO).

°f i 116 subsection ^ers from aU its relatives by the long, pendent,

hi A MaSS1Ve vegetative curtains of plants hang in the damp, shady

torest. rhe pendent raceme is shorter than the leaf; the sepals bear large, purple

spots; the petal!i are narrowly linear, and die Up is three lobed with the lateral lobes

b^yrounded and concave, and with the middle lobe bearing a slender, bristle-

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

SUBSECTION LONGIRACEMOSAE

Pleurothallis subgen. Pleurothallis sect. Pleurothallls subsect. Longiracemosae

(Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst Bot. 72:4,1998.

Type: Pleurothallis litotes Luer, Selbyana 5: 170,1979.

By.: From die Latin longiracemosus, “with long racemes,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Pleurothallis series Longiracemosae Luer, Monogr. SysL Bot. 20:64,1986.

size, noimally epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

closely fitting tubular sheath

d 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect or suben

ovate to narrowly elliptical-ovate, the apex acute, shallowly notched w

sessile, cuneate. Inflorescence racemose, erect, the flowers usually re: .

by a slender peduncle that emerges from the apex of the ramicaul at the base erf the 1<

spathe; floral bracts thin, infundibular or tubular, acute; pedicels usually about as 1

ovary smooth, trivalvate; sepals glabrous, membranous, acute, subacute or obt

dorsal sepal free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals completely connate into:

cucullate synsepal; petals more or less thickened, expanded, narrowly oblong to m

viscidium, the base of the column thickened with the apex of tl

The first species attributable to subsection Longiracemosae was described from

Suriname by Lindley in 1842 as P. pruinosa , a frequent, widely distributed, small

species. The next species to qualify for the subsection was P. xanthochlora, the

giant of the subsection. The other species of the subsection were added in the

twentieth century. Subsection Longiracemosae is one of the seven closely related

subsections of section Pleurothallis.

Subsection Longiracemosae is characterized by a caespitose habit with well-

developed but slender, non-compressed ramicauls that are about as long as the leaf.

The racemose inflorescence is terminal at the base of a sessile leaf. The flowers are

small or very small and usually resupinate. As in the other subsections, the dorsal

sepal is free from the lateral sepals, and the lateral sepals are connate into a concave

synsepal. The petals are more or less thickened, entire and oblong. The lip is en¬

tire, ovate and concave with the sides lobe-like and rounded, but the undersurface is

flat or convex, there being no reflexion that distinguishes this subsection from

subsection Antenniferae. No glenion is present. The base is transversely thickened,

more or less concave on the end, without being deflexed, and attached to an abbre¬

viated column-foot. The column is semiterete, wingless and toothless with an

apical, unhooded anther and an apical or subapical stigma and an abbreviated,

vestigial or absent column-foot.

At present eight species are brought together by the above criteria; all are super¬

ficially similar in spite of sizes, but not all are closely related. They are widely

distributed in the Andes of South America, with only P. pruinosa occurring in

Central America and the Antilles.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALUS

REFERABLE TO SUBSECTION LONGIRACEMOSAE

Pleurothallis atrorubra Luer & Hirtz = P. leopardina

Pleurothallis divaricans Schltr..Pig. 40.

Pleurothallis dolichocaulon Schltr. = P. xanthochlora

Pleurothallis flavida (HPocke) Lindl. = P. pruinosa

Pleurothallis huanucoensis Schltr. = P. xanthochlora

Pleurothallis leopardina Luer... Pig. 41.

Pleurothallis litotes Luei . . Fig 42

Pleurothallis pauciflora Schltr. = P. pruinosa

Pleurothallis poculifera Luer & Escobar. Fig. 43.

Pleurothallis pruinosa UndL.pig. 44.

Pleurothallis tanyrhina Luer & Escobar. Fig. 45.

Pleurothallis uninervia Luer & Dodson.Pig. 46.

Pleurothallis xanthochlora Rchb.f..Pig. 47.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBSECTION LONGIRACEMOSAE

1 Raraicauls less than 7 cm long--/> pruinosa

1 Ramicauls more than 8 cm long. 2

2 Leaves less than 1 cm wide.

2’ Leaves more than 1 cm wide.

..3

3 Dorsal sepal deeply concave, 3-veined; Up obovate....

3’ Dorsal sepal not deeply concave, 1-veined; lip ovate..

P. divaricans

..P. uninervia

4 Leaves more than 5 cm wide.

4’Leaves between 1 and 4 cm wide

5' 12 e S iPtiCa !’ ^' vei " e<1 - more Ulan 1 mm wide.

5 Petals elliptical, l-veined, less than 1 mm wide.

6' Lto rtt 1 * b “' disli,,c . ,ly acumi »ate; rosteUum elongat

*P use ’ not acuminate : rosteUum not elongate.

»• S 2 tT : ^ raore 0-5 nm.

uiisal sepal acute; petals acute, less than 0.5 mm wid

.P. xanthochlora

. P. poculifera

..6

. P. tanyrhina

.„..7

. P. leopardina

. 8

.. P. divaricans

. P. litotes

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ifundibular, 2-3 mm long; pedicels 3-6 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; sepals

i, or unspotted red-puiple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse,

' 3 mm wide, 1- to obscurely 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an

al 2.5-3.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 2-veined; petals red or spotted red,

d apex, 1.25-2 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, 1-veined; lip red-purple or

spotted with red-puiple, ovate to obovate, concave, obtuse, 1.5-2.25 mm long, 1.5-2.75 mm wide ex¬

panded. the disc with a pair of low, rounded calli above the middle, the base truncate, shallowly concave

on the end. fixed to the base of the column; column terete, stout, thick at the base, 1 -1.5 mm long, the

anther and the stigma apical, the foot obsolescent

ECUADOR: Loja: south of Yangana, alt. 2450 m, 12 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. D’Alessandro

6190 (Holctype: SEL* Cachaco, between Yangana and Valladolid alt. 2450 m, 24 July 1985, C. Dodson,

& DD-Alessandro 16024 (MO), C. Luerillustr. 17202. Napo: epiphytic in forest between

Cw '»»1989. A Him 4 X. Him4254 (holo^e rf P. aaorubra: MO).

3200m, I July 1947. C. Harling 1)54 (SX C 17103.

CULOMBIA. Cauca: Alto de Pesares above Popayan, alt 2400-2800 m, F.C. Lehmann 7142 (K).

This species superficially resembles a Stelis and is closely related to the frequent

and sympatnc P. divaricans. Both vegetatively and florally, the two concepts are

similar, except for P. leopardina being slightly larger. They are characterized by an

elliptical leaf and several, many-flowered racemes of small, dark red or purple-

spotted flowers. The petals are thickened and obtuse. The lips are broadly ovate

™n^r»ir W ^° Ut tl efle ^? n ’ bUt P ' leopardina is distinguished by a pair of low,

rounded calli above the middle. A cleistogamous form has been seen.

Pteurothallis litotes Luer, Selbyana 5:170 1979

Ety.: From the Greek litotes, “simplicity,” in allusion to the simple habit and floral parts.

with^^SS?’Sir* r Slenden Ramicauls slender ’ 7-37 cm long,

dhgicabovate, acute, 7-17 cm Ion™ 1.5-ts cm^eUie bijTessil^, narrowIy

S*? race mes,TnaIi"ongTnduln^

•1 "P* completely "" l0n8 ’ " --i-- ML, — -

long. 2.25-3.25 mm wide expanded- netak^T’ , ° rnarrowly obUi ™ synsepal, 2.6-3.5 i

2.25-4 mm long, 0.5-1 mm ST’vS 2* ° f ^**<*. oblong-elliptical, act

«ely apiculate, 1.2-2 5 m^W P . U ' UaUy bn 8 ht 8 reen > ovate-cordate, concave, subaci

'-* • ■ . 8- mm wide, the disc concave, thickened transvers

ly terete, 0.8-1.5 mm long, the ant

Hierro, A. A X. Hirtc f5062oK).^T E^C ^ T* Maldonado ’ 3400 m > c - Luer, J. Luer,

i a, HirtZ 2747 (SEL > : ^weS’c^Td Fl r 4 ™^ 0 ’ dt ' ca - 3000 m > 23 1978, C. Luer, J.

L i ndenson 12244 (GB). SucumbS^r it^ o ^ 310 °- 3200 2b Feb. 1974, G. Harl-

toTr tin Embree 13071 (SEL, US) ^ Baibara * dt - 230 °-2600 m, July 1982, CU.

jSJS ^-^7. Luer, G.L^rZ^eT ^^ towaid dam ***■ 2ob °

TOLOI^IaPa m^\^ J l ^ r& G.Luermi (SEL) ^ SOUth ofC ™™’ *• ca -

K),C. Luer illustr. 17091.

tAMF^V T? ™ ,n ' (K): Alto de Pesaresahn^ p ^ above Popayan, alt. 2400-2800 m, H.K.

Lehmann, is more commonly fomd° 10 F bWthe nineteenth century by Consul

widely distributed P divaricans II '"a cua<lor ,0<1 oy. It is related to the equally

leaves, and from a small spathe a iT ranucauls bear elliptical-ovate, sessile

flowered racemes sutpass dte lit, ° f,he leaf - °"<= or a few, very small-

acute or subacute and not deeply con e "*?' The dorsal sepal and synsepal are

veumd. The smali lip, '?'** « obl °"S- *="« "* »ne-

"aasvcrse callus at the base. ™ green m color - “ «>niate and concave with a

n taccincs, s-wcm tong including me

ig at the base of the leaf; floral bracts

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

This little species is frequent and widely distributed through the Antilles, Cen¬

tral America and northern South America. Although it varies considerably in size,

the morphology of the flowers remains reasonably constant. There are numerous

illegible collections at W. Narrow, thickly coriaceous leaves are borne by slender

ramicauls. The raceme bears simultaneously two to five small, light yellow-green

flowers in a loose raceme. The petals are narrow, nearly as long as the sepals. The

lip is triangular with obtuse angles.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Sonson, between Sonson and Argelia, alt. 2500-2800 m, 30 Sept.

1973, collected by R. Escobar et al. 1006, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 17 Oct 1977, C.

Luer 2082 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: JAUM); Yarumal, along Rio El Oro, alt. 2700 m, 1 May 1984, C.

Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10066 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in the northern part of the Central Cordillera

of Colombia. It is similar to P. divarivans and relatives, but P. tanyrhina is distin¬

guished by the dorsal sepal and synsepal with recurved tips; acute petals; a concave

lip with a shortly acute, recurved tip; a proportionately large red anther-cap; and a

long, red, protruding rostellum.

Pleurothallis uninervia Luer & Dodson, sp. nov. ^ ^

Species haec P. divaricanti (Barb.Rodr.) Luer affinis, sed habitu graciliore, sepalo dorsali non

concavo, petalis ad apicem incrassatis et labello cordato-ovato differt.

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: between Lita and San Lorenzo, alt. 720-850 m, 13 May 1990, C. Dodson, A.

Gentry, B. Boyle & D. Rubio 18288 (Holotype: MO).

This species is one of the smallest-flowered species of the genus. The flowers

are reminiscent of a species of Platystele. From the similar P. divaricans, this

species is distinguished by the shallowly concave, single-veined dorsal sepal and

two-veined synsepal. The petals are oblong and thickened toward the obtuse apex,

and the lip is broadly cordate and shallowly concave without calli.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

SUBSECTION MACROPHYLLAE-RACEMOSAE

Pleurothallis subgen. Pleurothallis sect. Pleurothallis subsect. Macrophyllae-

Racemosae (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 20: 61,1986.

Type: Pleurothallis lindenii Lindl.

Bas.: Pleurothallis sect. Macrophyllae-Racemosae Lindl., Folia Orchid. Pleuroth. 7,1859.

Ety.: From the Greek makrophyllos, “a large leaf,” and the Latin racemosus, “racemose,” referring

leaf and the inflorescence.

The first species attributable to subsection Macrophyllae-Racemosae was de¬

scribed as Pleuruthallis hartwegii by Lindley in 1842 from an Ecuadorian collec¬

tion by Hartweg. In 1843, Lindley added P. lindenii from a Colombian collection

by Linden. He added three more species (P. archidonae, P. bicornis and P. genicu-

lata , a superfluous, new name for P. hartwegii ) attributable to the subsection in

1859. Reichenbach described none. At present 37 species are known. They are

widely distributed in humid forests of the Andes of South America. None is known

from Central America, the Antilles and Brazil. This subsection and subsection

Antenniferae are similar to each other in many respects, making decisions to which

subsection a few species belong uncertain. Questionable species should be tried in

the keys of both subsections.

Subsection Macrophyllae-Racemosae is characterized by a caespitose or rarely

repent habit with well-developed ramicauls that are usually longer than the leaf,

which is either sessile or petiolate. The inflorescence is either single-flowered or

racemose, borne terminally at the base of a sessile leaf or laterally from the rami-

caul a short distance below the abscission layer. The single flowers as well as the

racemes are usually pendent. The flowers are basically similar and usually non-

resupinate. As in the other subsections, the dorsal sepal is free from the laterals,

and the lateral sepals are connate into a concave or cucullate synsepal. The petals

are oblong to ovate, more or less thickened, and entire to denticulate. The lip is

variously three-lobed with basal lobes flanking or encircling the column, and with a

pair of calli on the disc. A glenion, the rounded structure often found above the

base of the lip of pleurothallids, is not usually developed. The base is attached to a

thickened, abbreviated column-foot. The column is semiterete, usually short, with

the anther and stigma apical or subapical.

Two series were proposed (Luer, 1988): series / nflatae for single-flowered

species and series Macrophyllae-Racemosae for racemose species. They will not be

recognized because most few-flowered species may produce but a single flower.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALUS

REFERABLE TO SUBSECTION MACROPHYLLAE-RACEMOSAE

Pleurothallis amplectens Luer..

Pleurothallis archidonopsis Luer & Hirtz..

Pleurothallis bicornis Lindl.

Pleurothallis cachabensis Luer & Hirtz.

ariola Luer & Esc

.Jig. 49

.Fig. 50

.Jig. 51

.Fig. 52

.Fig. 53

.Jig. 54

.Jig. 55

..Fig. 56

Pleurothallis cornualis Luer..

Pleurothallis decora Luer & Escobar^ P. nutans

Pleurothallis dorrii Luer.

Pleurothallis elvirana Camevali & Ramirez.

Pleurothallis geniculata Lindl. = P. hartwegii

Pleurothallis hartwegii Lindl.

Pleurothallis hemispherica Luer & Escobar.

Pleurothallis henniae Luer & DalstrOm.

Pleurothallis hirtzii Luer = P. colossus

Pleurothallis imber-florum Luer & Escobar.

Pleurothallis inflata Rolfe...

Pleurothallis jaculifera Luer & Escobar

.Jig. 66

.Fig. 67

.Fig. 68

.Jig. 69

Pleurothallis lindenii Lindl.

Pleurothallis lindenii var. gigantea Rchb.f. = P. subreniformis

Pleurothallis lindenii var. pumila Rchb.f. = P. inflata?

Pleurothallis loxensis Luer & Hirtz = P. lamellaris

Pleurothallis magnifica Luer & Escobar. Fig 71

PleurothaUismegalotis Luer & Hirtz. Fig 72

Pleurothallis phratria Luer & Hilte! 1 *!^ 1 .

Pleurothallis praegrandis Ames = P. coiossiis

Pleurothallis pulcherrima Luer..

Pleurothallis saccata Ames = P. colossus

Pleurothallis uvifera Luer & Escobar

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBSECTION MACROPHYLLAE-RACEMOSAE

Leaves broadly cuneate to cordate..

2 Leaves broadly cuneate with the margins at the base at the level of the spathe.3

2’ Leaves cordate with margins at the base curved below the level of the spathe.9

3 Raceme with more than 15 flowers P imber-florum

3’ Raceme with fewer than 10 flowers........4

4 Petals fimbriate; lip with a pair of hornlike basal calli. P. cornualis

4’ Petals not fimbriate; lip not with hornlike basal calli..5

5 Petals minutely papillose; lip verrucose... P. cajamarcae

5’ Petals glabrous; lip not verrucose....6

6 Petals narrowly acute above a lobe below the middle; lip fimbriate. P. bicornis

6’ Petals ovate, acute; lip entire........— .-. 7

7 Leaf narrowly ovate; inflorescence 1-flowered. P. pelex

T Leaf broadly ovate; inflorescence more than 1-flowered..8

8 Sepals less than 8 mm long .....9

8’ Sepals more than 12 mm long.10

9 Petals clavate------......-- p colossus

9’ Petals not clavate...............------- p pulcherrima

10 Petals thickly oblong, adherent to each other.. P. lamellaris

10’ Petals not thickly oblong and adherent to each other.11

11 Petals deeply fringed; lip with a pair of small, hornlike calli. P. cachabensis

11’ Petals minutely serrate; lip without hornlike calli.12

12 Raceme erect; lip concave between round, basal calli. P. orthostachys

12’ Raceme pendent; lip not concave, basal calli, low, obscure. P. torrana

13 Leaf narrowly cuneate...14

13’ Leaf distinctly acuminate into a petiole.23

14 Petals 4- to 6-veined....— ..—....... p capitonis

14’ Petals 3-veined.15

15 Petals thick, hemispherical above the middle and adherent to each other.

.... P. hemispheri

15’ Petals not hemispherical and adherent to each other..

16 Inflorescence 1- to 3-flowered.

16’ Inflorescence 4- or more-flowt

17 Lip with broadly rounded lateral lobes without calli.... P. inflata

IT Lip without broadly rounded lateral lobes, with calli.18

18 Lip with low, rounded calli on the margins of the lateral lobes. P. chuscalica

18’ Lip with erect calli, not marginal. 19

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

19 Lip minutely denticulate, with a pair of rounded calli..—. P. hartwegii

19’ Lip entire, with a pair of hornlike calli. P archidonae

20 Sepals more than 19 mm long; lip acutely recurved at the middle. P. magnified

20’ Sepals less than 15 mm long; lip acutely recurved at the base.21

21 Sepals 10-15 mm long; lip with short, basal lobes. P. lindenii

21 ’ Sepals less than 10 mm long; lip with elongate, basal lobes.22

22 Lip minutely vemicose, with the calli low, pointed. P. henniae

22’ Lip smooth, with the calli low, obscure. P. jaculifera

Plant prolific. . P amplectens

Plant not prolific............24

Inflorescence 1-flowered.25

Inflorescence 2- or more-flowered.28

25 Lip with middle lobe concave, lateral lobes pedunculate. P. megalotis

25’ Lip not with the lateral lobes pedunculate.26

26 Lip concave, truncate at the base without lobes. P. archidonopsis

26’ Lip convex with elongate, basal lobes.....27

27 Petals 1 mm wide; Up with low, rounded calU at the base of the basal lobes.

.......... P. crescentilabia

27 Petals 4-5 mm wide; lip with small, rounded calU on the basal lobes. P. uvifera

28 Plant long-repent.

28’ Plant not long-repent.

29 Lip acutely deflexed against itself above the middle. P. calvariola

29 Up acutely deflexed only at the base..... .30

1% H p *** lobe distinct from obtusely angled basal lobes..,

30 Lip with the middle lobe not distinct from the basal lobes.

.32

31 Lip with the middle lobe longer than the basal lobes...

31 Lip with the middle lobe shorter than the basal lobes..

32 Leaf obovate, obtuse; Up a

32’ Leaf elUptical, acute or acuminate; lip obtuse

33 Lip with basal lobes flanking, not encircUng, the column

33 Lip with basal lobes encircUng the column. 8 ..~

34 Raceme loosely 2- to 3-flowered.

34 Raceme congested, 3-to 4-flowered. .. .

36’ Cm JS* ^ate at the tip.

36 Leaves 2-3 cm wide, acute at the tro F

...P. steyermarkii

.. P. cotyligera

. P. mundula

.33

.34

. 35

. P. phratria

. P. nutans

. P. dorrii

.36

.P. subreniformis

.. P. strobilifera

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This large species is characterized by a long, stout ramicaul; narrowly elliptical,

acute leaf; and at the base of the leaf a fascicle of old inflorescences from which a

single flower that is usually followed by a second in a very short raceme is borne.

The flower is pendent and non-resupinate. The synsepal is cucullate above the

middle sepal and parallel petals. The lip is suborbicular with basal lobes surround¬

ing the column. A pair of hornlike calli protrude from the disc at the base. Lindley

described the pair as “two-lobed humps,” but he is including the basal lobes of the

lip. Closely allied to P. hartwegii , this species differs with calli longer and more

slender, and the apex of the lip rounded.

Pleurothallis archidonopsis Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ely.: Named for a superficial similarity to P. archidonae Lindl.

5, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals completely connate into an ovoid, deeply con-

synsepal, 12 mm long, 7 mm wide unexpanded, 2 mm deep, 6-veined;

mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; lip transversely subquadrate, 3 mm

recurved below the middle

l angles, the base truncate.

ECUADOR: £amora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, epiphytic in forest east of Mayaicu,;

m. C. Luer, A. Him. W. Flores. A. Andreetta. & W. Teague 13518 (Holotype: MO).

This species is apparently endemic in the Cordillera del Condor in southeast-

emmost Ecuador. In habit it is similar to P. archidonae and some other members of

subsection Macrophyllae-Racemosae, but the Up and column suggest subsection

Pleurothallis A very short, two-flowered raceme is borne at the base of a narrowly

peuolate leaf The flowers are non-resupinate and striped with purple. As in both

subsections, the synsepal is broad and deeply concave. The petals are large, elUpti-

r.H no .k^ 16 * The ! ip is transverse 311(1 concave with broad, flat, triangular calli

fining the comers of the lip below the middle. As in subsection Pleurothallis , the

terete column is above and not clasped by basal lobes of the lip.

Pleurothallis 7,1859.

y from the Latin bicorrus, two-homed,” referring to the pair of petals,

yn.: umboldtia bicorms (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 667,1891.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ry, transversely oblong, 5 mm long, 6.5 a

!, acutely reflated, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, terete, 2 n

ECUADOR: Imbabura: epiphytic in wet forest south of Lita toward Cachabi, alL 1250 m, 19 Jan. 1987,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, CH. Dodson, D. Benzing & D. Bermudes 12446 (Holotype: MO); hills by

Santa Ron de Cachaco, south of Lite, alt 1000-1500 m, 20 Jan. 1987, A. Hirtz 3062 (MO).

This large, robust species is allied to Pleurothallis cornualis, which is known

from farther south and at a higher altitude, also on the western declivity of the

Andes but separated by a wide, arid valley. Pleurothallis cachabensis is identified

by the short, drooping raceme of pale rose, non-spotted, translucent flowers. The

synsepal is deeply concave; the large, protruding petals are fimbriate; and the lip is

transversely oblong and minutely fimbriate with a pair of erect basal horns.

Pleurothallis cajamarcae Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 73,

Ely.: Named for the department of Cajamarca where the species was collected.

bJftwEhT 0n ! y from Schlechter ’ s original description and sketch,

a ^ Ve J " P ‘ i0n and foIIowin « “lustration were drawn. The

D^TnZ, H° y f B ? rlin (B) - and no isotypes have been found. A “de-

Ee'ctTri aP ‘ C K e . CaUuS is dcscrib «l as present on the lip, but I beheve

LwnontelXX 8 IX fisintetpreted. Instead of a callus, the structure

shown on the hp appears to be the reflection of the base of the lip.

Bscobar - Orquideobgia , 4:1:

y. turn me Latin calvanola, a little skull,” in allusion to thp ™«™i

uuo a peuoie ca. 1 cm long. Inflorc

8,p ^ 5

___ 4 diverging

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

quia: El Chuscal above Santa Rosa, alt. 2500-2800 m, Nov. 1891, F.C. Lehmann

7134 (Holotype: K), C. Luer illustr. 18691.

This species is known from only the original nineteenth century collection by

Lehmann in the northern part of the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Vegetatively it

is similar to P. lindenii, but the racemes are shorter with smaller, greenish white

flowers. The sepals and petals are not distinctive, but the lip is small with the apex

rounded, concave, minutely crenulate and apiculate. The calli are rounded and

protuberant from the margins of the rounded sides below the middle.

Syn.: Pleurothallis saccata Ames, Sched. Orchid. 4:25,1

i,Sched. Orchid. 5:17,1923,

ay large,” referring to the size of the plant

Syn.: PUurothaUis hirtzii Luer, Phytologia 47:76,1980.

Ely: Named for Alexander C. Hirtz of Quito, Ecuador, who first collected this species in Ecuador.

and thickened; lip cream-colored, peltate, ovate-cordate, obtuse, 2-3 mm long, 1.75-2.25 mm v

acutely deflexed above the base, with the basal lobes flanking the column, the disc with a pair of low

stout'ercie 1 ^ mm l** ^th ^ l ° the base of the column : col*™"

C*ica: West Andes above Cali, F.C. Lehmann 6929 (Lectotype: LE, Isolectotypes

MoMj UC r 0 Cair °’- del h S 16s > dL 2400 m * 30 Dec - 1986, FA. Siherstone e

al.z/'fj (CUVC, MO). Narino: terrestnal m forest north of Ricaurte, alt 1600 m, 3 Nov. 1979, C. Luer

* A f. 4618 (holotype of P. hirtzii : SEL); Monopamba, alt.1600-1800 m, collect

“ “ * Colomborqui'deas, 26 Feb. 1997, R. Escobar 8262 (JAUM, MO).

bZ?AT> 1 *°, LorenZO ’ dt - 70 °- 880 m * 12 Ma y 1990, C. Dodso,

lUUStr - 17177 ‘ Morona-Santiago: Cordillera d

22 , Joly 1993 > A Gentr y WHO (MO).

So^ D lty ' A - Endres s n - 80 W- Alajuela:

.7 uec - “ P. megistrocaulon Schltr., in ed AM Brenr* W11 CNYV

£££

**■ C “ P E * C ° Pe “' *“• 17 °° m ’ 16

“ Pn>bably thc *■*« in the genus. Rivals include P.

flowers Km fT“ Luer - AI,hou * h Ponced in large numbers, the

fromCota ft^ 1 ^ | Vary considerabl >' ^ size - The species occurs locally

^Arnes^Sched^Orchid^:^

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This large species is apparently rare in the mountains of southern Ecuador and

southern Colombia. It is characterized by the stout ramicaul; a long, narrowly

obovate leaf; and a dense fascicle of remnants of old inflorescences at the base of

the leaf. Short, one- or two-flowered racemes appear sporadically. The flowers are

similar to those of P. archidonae, but the lip is concave with a minutely denticulate

margin and a shortly acuminate, incurved tip.

Plant large, terrestrial to epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse, flexuous. Ramicau

30-125 cm tall, with 2-3 tubular, ribbed imbricating sheaths at the base. Leaf erec

cal, acute, 15-25 cm long, 4-8 cm wide, the base cuneate, conduplicate, sessile.

e 3-8 cm long, from a 1.5 cm long, fugacious spai

mpinate; floral bract loose, widely infundibular, 6-10 mm

* M»g; sepals yellow, broadly striped with di

5, concave, 16 mm long, 8 mm. wide expand

a deeply concave, broadly elliptical synsepal, the apex rounded, 16.mn

” A ~~~ A r* L \ obovate, fleshy, thick, hemispherical above the midi

apiculate, the rounded lateral lobes

rsely obovate, 4 mm long, 5 mm w

a long, 4.5

°minure7y

So° M ?<n' A S£?r.*, : M ™ C : 0f E1 Cannen * Partidas de San Lorenzo, terrestrial in cloud forest, alt.

“ 2 ? n m ; 29 ™\ C1 ?* r 'l- \™ r ' & R Escobar 2349 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: JAUM); same local¬

ity, 10 Jan. 1974, R. Escobar, O. Robledo & M. de Robledo 1082 (JAUM).

This immense species is most remarkable in the thick, hemispherical petals that

cling together in front of the lip to form a solid, spherical body. The deeply con-

raw, broadly striped synsepal acts like a roof above while the middle sepal projects

below, me floweis are basically similar to those of P. bicornis and relatives.

Pleurot hallis henniae Luer & Dalstrtm, Lindleyana 11:162,1996.

ty.. m honor of Dr. Henrn Waimtorp, director of the Stockholm Botanicttl Garden, and co-

riant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender erect 14 3S rm

closely fitting, tubular sheath below the middle and 2 other sheaths at th ’ k ’i ^

m long at the base of the leaf; flowers purple, non-resupinate in

““ long: f dlce J 5 l^g; ovary 4-5 mm long; sepais purple,

r»«e^7 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

«g, 4.5 mm wide unexpanded, 4-veined; petals

, 1 mm wide, 3-veined; lip deeply cordate, 3.5

~.. u ..ca,e-apiculate, the margins minutely irregular-erose

«w, nuoacuic WUU at me base the hasearnV^' 1 ^ n § colunm * dis c subverrucose, with a pair of

<*«tocen., the nnhooded tntlitlr, manhunt “ 0 "'' >“««. 1-5 mm long, the foot

atfarrdm,7.^ye*4"'^[^'l^^“™“^‘CedmaRererve,alt. 1850 m, 27 Jan. 1993,5.

2100 m. May 1997, A. Him 6563 (MO). (H1 ^ pe ' M0) ‘ Carch,: sou th of Chical, Cerro Oscuro, alt.

Ec«^tteSs^rr n " y endemiC " Wet fores,s of northwestern

pendemraceme ofseveral ellipticaI - sessile '^ves and a

LecrioT metepC;re^r U K; PUIp ! e « owers -e small for .he

column. The disc is^ubverrucose with a pair^n baSaJ 1 J 0bes lhat embrace the

above the acute deflexion. ^ air ow subacute calli at the base

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLE UROTHALLIDIN ARU M

same area. Paramo de Tinajillas, alt. 2800-3200 m, 9 May 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 14487 (GB);

terrestrial south of Cuenca, Rio Cumbe, alt. 2900-3000 m, 9 June 1979, B. Lpjtnant, A. & U. Molau

14367,14368 (AAU, GB); terrestrial between Jarata and La Paz, south of Cuenca, alt. 3400 m, 6 Mar.

1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 22834 (GB); scrubby forest south of Cuenca, alt. 3000 m, 20 Jan.

1992, C. Liter, J. Liter, P. Jesup & A. Jesup 16051 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: Cajanuma range south of

Loja, alt 2500m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Liter, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10775 (MO).

PERU: Cajamarca: Celendin, terrestrial along road to Celendin, alt. 3055 m, 1 July 1989, D. Bennett

3926 (MO). Huinuco: Rio Llulla Pichas, ascent of Ceiros del Sira, elfin forest, alt. ca. 1950 m, 30 July

1969, TJt. Dudley 13442 (NA). Cuzco: Urubamba, alt. 2800 m, 28 Mar. 1942, C. Vargas 2663 (AMES

CUZ); Yuncapata, Santa Rita, alt 2800 m, C. Vargas 2663 (AMES).

This species was first collected by Linden near Mfrida in western Venezuela. It

is widely distributed from Venezuela into Peru, the same general distribution as a

close ally, P. bicornis, with which it is often identified. The two species are very

similar and often indistinguishable when dried and mounted unless a flower is

rehydrated. Dunsterville placed parts of both species on the same illustration which

was erroneously identified as the Peruvian P. secunda Poepp. & Endl. in the Field

Guide of the Orchids of Venezuela. In Orchids of Venezuela, vol. 1, P. lindenii

alone is misidentified as P. secunda, which led to many enoneous identifications.

Pleurothallis lindenii is variable in size, large forms approaching some of those

of P. bicornis. The former is characterized by a slender to stout ramicaul that bears

an acute, sessile leaf, and one or a few, loosely flowered, arching racemes of purple-

stnped flowers. From beneath the cucullate synsepal the elliptic petals protrude and

diverge. The lip is cordate with the apex subacute to obtuse and entire.

Pleurothallis bicornis is usually larger, the middle sepal is proportionately

narrower, the pointed petals are in apposition or adherent, and the apex of the tip is

broadly rounded and variously fimbriate.

Ple a? t Fm 1Ii f h ,I I a ^ lliriCa i' uer & Escobar * Orquideologia 16:169,1984.

Ely.: From the Latin magnifies, “magnificent ” in L

a pair of low, rounded calli n

cm "** coarse. R^oauls «om, s„bem«, 4<W0

Wth a ^ Iose tuf >ular sheath below the middle and 2 others near the base Leaf more or

less arching, horizontal to pendant, coriaceous obovate , Leal more or

the lateral sepds^S f T* ° Vate ’ nairowl y obtuse . 20 mm long, 7.5 mm wide,

rounded, minutely bifid; petals puiple^th^^IL^ 8 ^ 19 long ’ 16 nim wide ’ the a P ex

““ *P? tmuwac - “b *»c with

column stout, 2.5 mm long, footless, the anther and stigma

to "“- w " m ° de A 3150

0nly fam soattKm Colomb » where it grows in the

Lindl. Several large spotted flowers tiTT Wlth Masdevallia racemosa

over the edge race ™ lie upon or han ^

cucullate over the lm The lin i« 16 eaE uppermost synsepal is deeply

recurved P wiUl ^ sides and a broad.

56 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis nutans Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. IT. 165,1924.

Ely.: From the Latin nutans, “pendent,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Pleurothallis decora Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16:20,1983.

Ety.: From the Latin decorus, “elegant,” in reference to the inflorescence

COLOMBIA: Cundinatnarca: Surroundings of Bogota, alL 2000-2500 m, 192.1, R. Schnitter s.n. Holo-

type destroyed at B). Norte de Santander: Munic. of Toledo, epiphytic in cloud forest, below, Alto de

Santo Ines, alt 2050 m, 24 May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar A D. Portillo 7922 (holotype of P. decora :

SEL; isotype: JAUM; neotype of P. nutans here designated); Alto de Santo Ines after the pass, alt. 2100

m. 25 May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar A D. Portillo 7923 (SEL, COL).

This species, apparently restricted to the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, is

characterized by a tall ramicaul; a large, narrowly obovate, subpetiolate leaf; and a

few, two- to four-flowered racemes of large, rosy white to greenish white flowers.

The uppermost synsepal is deeply cucullate with the petals and middle sepal point¬

ing downward. The Up is ovate, with narrow calU on basal lobes that surround the

column.

Pleurothallis orthostachys Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16:171,1984.

Ely.: From die Greek orthostachys, “a straight spike,” referring to the erect raceme.

with a close, tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ovate,

acute, slightly acuminate, 15-20 cm long, 5-8.5 cm wide, the base sessile, rounded to cordate. Inflores-

cm long, from a spathe 2-2.5 cm long, atthe base ofSeaf.dre^vere^^resupinaleTflordbracts

inflated, infundibular 6 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm long; sepals translucent yellow,

spotted and suffused with red-brown along the veins, glabrous, the middle sepal narrowly ovate, acute,

15 mm long, 5 mm wide, the lateral sepals uppermost, connate into a deeply concave, ovoid, subacute

synsepal, 14 mm long, 9 mm wide unexpanded; petals yellow, spotted with red-brown, narrowly ovate,

oblique, acute, thickened toward the apex, 13 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, with the margins

minutely serrulate; lip yellow-green, broadly ovate to suborbicular, obtuse, 4.5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide,

margins entire, the sides below the middle rounded and erect, each with an obtuse, conical callus, the

disc with a central cavity below a transverse callus, the lip deflexed above the base, attached to the base

of the column; column stout, 2 mm long, footless.

COLOMBIA: Antloqida: Yanimal, above Quebrada El Oro, alL 1850 m, 20 May 1983, R. Escobar A E.

Valencia 2622 (Holotype: SEL); C. Luer illustr. 9144.

2^<MO? R: With ° U ‘ l0Cahty ’ C ° UeCted and CuWvated in San Francisco * California, 1997, by W. Teague

This species is known from only two widely separated localities, one in Colom¬

bia and the other in Ecuador. It is characterized by a large habit and an erect, many-

flowered raceme as long as or longer than the ovate, sessile leaf. The spotted sepals

and petals are not unlike those of several other related species, but the rounded lip is

distinct with a pair of conical calli within the margins below the middle, and a

central cavity below a transverse callus near the middle.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

long, with a close, tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 others at the t

sessile. Inflorescence a single, more or less pendent flower, produced 1 o

peduncles 10 mm long, within the spathe 1.S-2.S cm long at the base of the leaf; floral bracts infundibu¬

lar, 10-15 mm long; pedicels slender, arching, 2-3 cm long; ovary 6-8 mm long; flowers non-resupinate:

sepals yellow, glabrous, the middle sepal elliptical-ovate, subacute, 11 mm long, 5 mm wide, 5-veined,

the lateral sepals completely connate into a deeply concave, ovoid, obtuse, cymbifoim synsepal, 11 mm

long, 8 mm wide unexpanded, 6-veined; petals yellow, glabrous, elliptical, oblique, acute, 9 mm long,

3.5 mm wide, 5-veined; lip yellow, thick, suborbicular-trilobed, 3.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, with the apex

broadly rounded, entire, the basal lobes 1.5 mm long, encircling the column, with an erect, cone-shaped

callus on each basal lobe to either side of the column, the base shortly deflexed, connected to the obso-

long, the foot obsolescent, the anther, rostellum and

ECUADOR; Napo: forest north of Baeza, alt. 1500 m, 10 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Andreetta &

A. Hirtz 3183 (Holotype: SEL).

This species is closely related to P. archidonae , but differs from the latter by

very narrowly ovate leaves that are subcordate at the sessile base, instead of ellipti¬

cal with a narrowly cuneate base. The flowers of P. pelex are single and borne by

long, arching pedicels and peduncles, while the flowers of P. archidonae are borne

by short pedicels, usually in subcongested two-flowered racemes. Except for the

pure yellow color of P. pelex instead of mottled purple, the morphology of the floral

parts are essentially identical.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

close, tubular sheath below the middle and 2 other sheaths at the

narrowly elliptical, acute, petiolate, 15-27 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wi

slender petiole 2-3 cm long. Inflorescence a pendent, loosely few

ing the peduncle ca. 3 cm long, from a spathe 5 mm long with

ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, 7-8 mm long; pedicel 6 mm rung, u>

cent with broad purple stripes, glabrous, the dorsal sepal elliptical, aci

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into a concave, L

3-veined; lip yellow with 3 red st '

margins entire, the disc shallowly concave, wi

but acutely deflexed between obtuse basal ang

unhooded anther, rostellum and stigma apical.

synsepal, 10-13 mm 1

10-12 mm long, 2.S-3.5 mm wide,

coidate-ovate, 4.5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, the

L 1984, d

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: epiphytic in forest along Rio Negro, alt. 1

CM. Dodson 2028 (Holotype: MO); near Volcan Tungurahua, collected and cultivated by J. Brem

Puyo, flowered in cultivation 2 Aug. 1977, C. Luer 1797 (SEL). Mor"’"- 50 "*”'"'" • ,0 * 1

Chiguinda, alt. 2500 m, 11 Aug. 1990, A. Hirtz 5063 (MO). Pastaza:

E. Asplund 20528 (S).

COLOMBIA: Valle de Cauca: Cali, Farafloi

(CUVC).

e Cali, alt. 1500 m, 22 f

r. 1975 ,D. Hartman 115

This large species is related to the widely distributed P lindenii, but it is distin¬

guished by the slender ramicauls, many of which are shorter than the narrowly ellip¬

tical, narrowly petiolate leaves. The striped flowers are similar to those of P. linde¬

nii, but the lip is cordate and entire with small basal calli.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

fascicled racemes at the apex of the ramicaul. The dorsal sepal is held erect from

the subglobose synsepal, and the pair of petals stands erect, side by side in front of

the dorsal sepal. The lip is transversely suborbicular, and with basal lobes encir¬

cling the column. The flowers are either yellow or purple.

Pleurothallis subreniformis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 64,

1921.

ous. rose or yellow, the middle

d, the lateral sepals completely

minate synsepal, 11-12 mm long, 8-9

mediaily, 4.5-5 mm wide expanded, with the apex thick, subtle

vary 3-4 mm long; flowers non-resupinate; sepals

[y ovate, acute, 12 mm long, 4.5-5.5 mm wide, 3-

. deeply concave, cymbiform, obtuse, slightly acu-

xpanded, 6-veined; petals cellular-glandular, thick,

acutely reflexed, connected to the obsoles

obsolescent, the anther, rostellum and stign

tm tauLTlfn' C S*i, in te " pe T foreas °f San Florencio, Sept.

v„,h «“». sept 1*73, a . .w,™<Hoio-

e , S ' en “ ed; A Sodir ° QPLS). c. Luet itlo.tr. 18780; Valley of

uTlT./ f ,™ 6 (holotype of var. gigmua-. AMES; tiotype: LE). Carchl between Tulcan Ltd

rSft^tM 998 -*■ Him6623 WO). Imbatara: tint,iSS.

1482i.°° ’ 3 D ” C ' 1943 ' WB Dr ’'“~ 49 (AMES); Selva Alegre, A. Him 1926 (MO). C. Liter illustr.

spooies occurs infrequently in the mountainous forests of north

WaS ' :oUected by Father Sodiro in the nineteenth century.

and of toe two collections ctted above

than toose published by Schlechter. there can be litUe doubt

^h the lea v 7“ T ^to-"' 0 "" 15 « sometimes "early a meter in

loosely few floweret^ and the few racemes are arehing and

flower Th^takf' eep ' y “ nCave synse P al is uppermost in the pendent

ESLJiSSEr’T n “ hy ' The H P *• horseshoe-shaped wt.h large

oasai lobes surrounding the column. The ape* is broad with a thick, obtuse tip.

1996 _,

isely fasciculate, slender,

on the ramicaul and 2-3 otl

14 cm long, 6.5-7 cm widt

a spathe ca. 8 n

the base. Leaf erect,

l>ase sessile, cordate.

,awc, ' ,c ca - 8 an long including the pedu

loagufebu. o the leaf; florMbntcu 3-4mm tat,

narrowly ovate acute 12~ 3-4

glabrous, JvLe, obliquel’S^c^SU 1 ^^ 1 9?’ 8 T ^ Mpand ^- 6 - veined

lobed-subrhombic, 2 25 mmTjg^T 5 ^* “ " “

[CONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Fig. 4. Pleurothallis bicochlearis

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALUS

Fig. 8. Pleurothallis deraissa

Fig. 7. Pleurothallis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 24. Pleurothallis ptychophora

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pig. 47. Plcurolhallis ;

Fig. 48. Pleurothallis amplectens

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALLIS

P««-55. Plcurothalhs capitonis

Fig. 54. Pleurothallis calvariola

Fig. 56. Pleurothallis chuscaUca

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

SUBSECTION PERPLEXAE

Pleurothallis subsection Perplexae Luer, subsect. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis questionis Luer & Escobar.

Ety.: From the Latin perplexus, “perplexing,” referring to the uncert

Pleurothallis to which the species should be assigned.

The description of the species will suffice for the unispecific subsection.

COLOMBIA: Chocd: San Jose del Palmar, Alto de

Los Galapagos, alt. 2050 m, 13 May 1993, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Escobar, A. De Wilde & J. G6mez 16803

(Holotype: MO); same area, collected by E. Valencia,

flowered in cultivation at Colomboiquideas, 12 Dec.

1992, R. Escobar 5028 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 16626.

This little species, apparently endemic

in the Western Cordillera of Colombia, is

without close relatives. A member of

section Pleurothallis by virtue of the short

column with an exposed, apical anther, a

transverse, apical stigma, and connate

lateral sepals, this species is not accom¬

modated in any of the recognized subsec¬

tions. The small to medium-sized habit

with ovate, subcordate, horizontal, sessile

leaves suggests Acroniae. The morpholo¬

gy of the sepals is found in all subsections.

Differing from the known subsections,

the petals are entire and subfalcate, or

shaped like a scimitar, thickened at the

base, and with acute apices. Also, the

deeply trilobed lip with a large, thick,

erect callus across the lower third of the

disc is foreign to all known subsections.

Pig. 85. Pleurothallis questionis

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

SUBGENUS PSEUDOSTEUS

This subgenus includes species closely related to Pleurothallis R.Br. subgenus

Pleurothallis, but it is distinguished from that subgenus by free lateral sepals. The

subgenus is described, and a key to the species is given. Each species is described

and illustrated with a black and white drawing.

Pleurothallis subgen. Pseudostelis (Schltr.) Luer, stat. nov.

This subgenus contains the few species that are similar to the species of subge¬

nus Pleurothallis with a Pleurothallis-tike column, but it is distinguished from the

latter by free lateral sepals. The first of these species to be described was published

by Lindley in 1835 as Physo siphon spiralis. It should not to be confused with his

transfer in 1830 of the Humboldtia spiralis of Ruiz & Pavdn to Pleurothallis.

Barbosa Rodrigues described the species next as Stelis deregular is in 1882, and

Cogniaux transferred it to Physosiphon beside Lindley’s Physosiphon spiralis in

1896. In 1922, Schlechter proposed the genus Pseudostelis for the preceding two

names and a new one. Stelis deregularis acquired several more names in its wide

distribution through the Andes and Centrla America. In 1978, it was transferred to

Pleurothallis.

This species and its relatives superficially resemble the genus Stelis with their

racemes of small flowers; free, similar sepals; small petals; a small, relatively

simple lip; and a nearly footless column.

SUBGENUS PSEUDOSTEUS

Pleurothallis subgen. Pseudostelis (Schltr.) Luer, stat. nov.

Bas.: Pseudostelis Schltr., Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan, Sece. Bat. 1(4): 38,1922.

Type: Pseudostelis bradei Schltr.

Ety.: From the Greek Pseudo-, “false,” and the genus Stelis, in allusion to the Sulis-Vke flowers.

Plants perennial, small to large in size, normally epiphytic to terrestrial, caespitose to

roots slender. Ramicauls erect to suberect, terete, elongate, non-pseudobulbous, unifoliate

ly fitting, tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, si

ceous, smooth, narrowly obovate to narrowly to broadly elliptical, the apex acute to obtt

notched with a mucro in the sinus, the base sessile, to narrowly cuneate to subpetiolate.

racemose, the flowers usually resupinate, variously colored, borne by a peduncle that emerges from the

apexofthe ramicaul at the base of the leaf, or laterally a short distarce b^>w theab——

trivalvate; ’sepals ^

1, pollinia 2,

The subgenus is characterized by a caespitose or shortly repent habit with we -

developed ramicauls that are usually longer than the leaf. The erect, racemose

inflorescence is terminal at the base of a narrowly cuneate or sessile leaf. The

flowers are basically similar and usually resupinate. Hie dorsal sepal and the lateral

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

sepals are free from each other, at least above the base. The petals are small, simple

and entire. The lip is small, ovate to oblong, and more or less concave. The base of

the lip is truncate, shallowly concave on the end, and attached to an abbreviated

column-foot. The column is semiterete, usually short, without wings or teeth, and

with the anther and stigma apical or subapical.

Most species of the subgenus are locally endemic, scattered from Central

America into the Andes. Pleurothallis deregularis is relatively frequent and widely

distributed from Mexico into Brazil. A total of six species are recognized.

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALLIS

REFERABLE TO SUBGENUS PSEUDOSTEUS

Pleurothallis bracteosa C.Schweinf.__ „ Jig 1

Pleurothallis clausa AJtich. & Galeotti ex Rchb.f. = P. deregularis

Pleurothallis crassipes Rchb.f. non Lindl. = P. deregularis

Pleurothallis deregularis (BarbJtodr.) Luer__ . Fig 2.

Pleurothallis magdalenae Rchb.f.. .Fig. 3.

Pleurothallis melanostele Luer & Vfcquez.. ’....Fig. 4.

Pleurothallis rufobrunnea Lindl. Fig. 5.

Pleurothallis schweinfurthiana L.O.Wmi^s = p"deregularis

Pleurothallis simplex Ames & C.Schweinf... .... . . Jig 6

Pleurothallis stelidioides Schltr. = P. magdalenae

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS

1 Leaf round at the base; lip suborbicula

1’Leaf narrowed

2 Ramicaul less than

2’ Ramicaul more thai

PSEUDOSTEUS

..P. simplex

2 cm long.

3 5 Li P transverse, obscurely trilobed..

3’ Lip oblong to ovate.

..P. rufobrunnea

...P. deregularis

...P. melanostele

4 Up ovate-trilobed, deeply concave centrally, without call!

4 Lip oblong-tnlobed, shallowly concave between calli.

5 e " Cl0Sing 0f ** flower - U P ««*» between a central

y Roralbn^^^liji S^—^

. . magdalenae

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALUS

Xsgssas,

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

of subgenus PSEUDOSTEUS

subgen. Pleurothallis 87

i 88,89

pes 88,89.90

»laris 87,88,93,89,93, Fig. 2.

rufobrunnea 88,92,93, Fig. 5.

, Hg. 6.

stelidioides 88,91

Pseudostelis 87,88,90

87,89

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

SUBGENUS ACUMINATIA

rized by free sepals and ai

The first species attributable to subgenus Acuminatia is Pleurothallis acuminata

(H.B.K.) Lindl., described as Dendrobium acuminatum by Kunth in 1816 from the

collections of Humboldt and Bonpland. Lindley transferred it to Pleurothallis in

1842. It has proved to be frequent and variable in a wide distribution.

The well-circumscribed subgenus Acuminatia was first indicated by Lindley in

his Folia Orchidacea of 1859, when he described it as a section of Pleurothallis.

As section Acuminatae, he noted two subdivisions: Lepanthiformes for four species

with acuminate sepals now treated in Trichosalpinx Luer, and the second without lep-

anthiform sheaths that contained P. acuminata and five other closely related spe¬

cies, as well as many unrelated species with only elongated racemes of flowers with

acuminate sepals in common.

In 1877, Barbosa Rodrigues proposed the genus Anathallis for two of the spe¬

cies: Anathallis fasciculata (= Pleurothallis obovata ) and Anathallis racemosa{-

Pleurothallis acuminata ). By this time, 12 related species had been described when

Barbosa Rodrigues proposed the genus Anathallis for two of them, but with new

names and descriptions. Of the first 12 binomials, five are deemed today synony¬

mous with other species.

In Martius’ Flora Brasiliensis of 1896, Cogniaux treated Anathallis as a section

of Pleurothallis with eight subsections, which included species of Myoxanthus

Poepp. & Endl., Platystele Schltr., and subgenera Acianthera (Scheidw.) Luer,

Effusoria Luer and Specklinia (Lindl.) Garay.

In leones Pleurothallidinarum-m (Luer, 1986), subgenus Acuminatia was treat¬

ed as section Acuminatae in subgenus Specklinia. Subgenus Specklinia , as now

defined with less liberal boundaries, can no longer accommodate this taxon as

section. Subgenus Specklinia is characterized by a small habit, almost always witn

a ramicaul distinctly shorter than the leaf. The floral variations are legion.

Subgenus Acuminatia is widely distributed from southern Mexico into sou

Brazil. Eighty-eight binomials have been attributed to the subgenus, many 0 ^

are treated as synonyms. The 32 species treated here are Andean or ^

farther north (Central America and the Antilles), but five of them also ' <*

Brazil. About 23 species are found in Brazil, including the five thatrangeraru

aorth. These species will be treated in the Pleurothallis of Brazil. See pag

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SUBGENUS ACUMINATIA

Pleurothallis subgen. Acuminatia Luer, subgen. nov.

Type: Dendrobium acuminatum H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 357, 1816. = Pleurothallis a,

(H.B.K.) LindL, Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: Misc. 70,1842.

Ely.: From the Latin acuminatus , “acuminate,” referring to the sepals.

Inflorescentia racemiflora flores simultanei, sepala libera, labellum oblongum.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sect Acuminatae Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 32, 1859.

Syn.: Anathallis Baib.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 1:23,1877.

Lectotype: Anathallisfasciculata BarbRodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 1: 23,1877. (Garay, Orquideolo-

gia 9:122,1974) = Pleurothallis obovata Lindl.

Ely.: From the Greek anathallos, “without branches,” without an obvious object of reference.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sect Anathallis (BaibRodr.) Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(4): 380,1896.

Syn.: PleurothaUis sect Margaritifera Schltr., Notizbl. Bot Bart Beiiin-Dahlem 7:272,1918.

Type: Pleurothallis margaritifera Schltr., Notizbl. Bot. Bart. Berlin-Dahlem 7:272,1918.

Ely.: From the Latin margaritifer, “pearl-bearing,” referring to the beaded callus of the lip.

Plants perennial, s

lose to shortly repent;

. Kamicauls erect, short to elongated, non-pseudobulbous, unifoliate, enclosed by a tubular,

:ath above or below the middle, and other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

pex acute to obtuse, shallowly notched, the base narrowly

cuneale to petiolate. Inflorescence 1 to several, erect to suberect, simultaneously flowered racemes, the

flowers usually resupinate, variously colored, borne by a slender peduncle that emerges laterally with an

annulus below the abscission layer, with an inconspicuous spathe; floral bracts infundibular or tubular;

pubescent o 8 ^ ° r i J horter ?Jjj m ^ floral bract; ovary smooth, trivalvate; sepals membranous, glabrous to

other, petals elliptical to obovate, acute to P obtuse, entire (rarely minutely denticulate), often with a

Subgenus Acuminatia is characterized by a ramicaul about as long as or longer

than a petiolate or subpetiolate leaf that is not sessile. The inflorescence is race¬

mose, the racemes borne laterally either singly and successively or several simulta¬

neously m a fascicle from an annulus a short distance below the abscission layer,

the apex of the ramicaul. The flowers are produced more or less simultaneously in

s ort or elongated racemes. The three sepals are similar and free, the petals are

small and entire, and the Up is oblong or elliptical, usually shallowly concave cen-

. J bCtWeen parallel calli or erect margins below the middle. The column is

are ^ n ™ etimes wia 8& with the anther and stigma ventral. The pair of poUinia

extendi ^ t0 ! S ‘ ngle ’ sma11 viscidium. The column-foot is well-developed,

Th„ n the end of 46 ovar y- The Up is deUcately hinged to the tip.

variable (e ' g * P ‘ acumina *a, P. citrina and P. obovata) are very

Manv rtLfj! m size ’ many variations having been given specific names.

tLosS locany seem sufficiently distinct to be recognized as species,

broad lv nht ™ e genus m recognized. In section Acuminatae , the petals are

winced In r °If n<le<1 at the a Pex, and the column is slender and narrowly

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

Section Acuminatae Lindl., Folia Qrch. Pleurothallis 32,1859.

This section is characterized by sepals that are pubescent within, by petals that

are broadly obtuse to rounded at the apex, and by the column that is slender or with

narrow, longitudinal wings. The lip is variously callous or lobed. Of the 27 species

presently recognized (excluding those species endemic in Brazil), 18 species belong

to this section.

Section Alatae Luer, sect nov.

Type: Pleurothallis obovata (Lindl.) Lindl., Edwaids’ Bot Reg. 28: Misc.: 75,1942.

Ety.: Fran the Latin alatae, “winged,” referring to the column.

This section is characterized by glabrous sepals, petals that are narrowly acute to

long-acuminate at the apex, and by the column with broad, more or less rectangular

wings above the middle. The lip is simple with a shallow, midline channel. Five

species (excluding those species endemic in Brazil), belong to this section.

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALUS

REFERABLE TO SUBGENUS ACUMINATIA

(excluding species endemic in Brazil, see page 123)

Pleurothallis acuminata (H.B.K.) Lindl - -- ...— -- •***

Pleurothallis albida Lindl. = P. obovata

Pleurothallis amblyopetala Schltr. = P. rubens

Pleurothallis anderssonii Luer.. .

Pleurothallis angustilabia Hoehne & Schltr., non Schltr. 1921 = P. citrina

Pleurothallis angustilabia Schltr.*--—

Pleurothallis angustipetala C.Schweinf. = P. acuminata

Pleurothallis ariasii Luer .—---

Pleurothallis asperilinguis Rchb.f. & Warsz.-- --

Pleurothallis aurea Lindl. = P. acuminata

Pleurothallis aurea var. asperilinguis = P. asperilinguis

Pleurothallis brachyantha Schltr. = P. citrina

Pleurothallis brittonii Rolfe = P. acuminata

Pleurothallis Candida Luer & Hirtz

Pleurothallis carnosifolia C.Schwemf • ...

Pleurothallis citrina Schltr....*—*--

Pleurothallis citrina var. elliptica C.Schweinf. = P. angustilabia

Pleurothallis concinna Luer & V&squez.

Pleurothallis coripatae Luer & V&quez.....**

Pleurothallis dendrophila Rchb.f. = P. obovata

Pleurothallis densiflora (BarbUodr.) Cogn. = P. obovata

Pleurothallis densiflora var. parvifolia Cogn. = P. obovata

Pleurothallis dimidia Luer...

Pleurothallis dolichopus Schltr..*****

Pleurothallis dolichopus var. bradeorum = P. dolichopus

...Fig. 1.

..Jig. 2.

...Fig. 3.

..Jig. 4.

..Jig. 5.

...Jig. 6.

...Jig. 7.

...Jig. 8.

...Jig. 9.

..Jig. 10.

...Fig. 11.

...Jig. 12.

100

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis excisa C.Schweinf. = P. rubens

Pleurothallis fasciculata (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. = P. obovata

Pleurothallis gracilenta Luer & VSsquez...Jig. 13.

Pleurothallis guentheri Schltr. = P. citrina

Pleurothallis jesupiorum Luer & Hirtz........Jig. 14.

Pleurothallis lagarophyta Luer...., . . Jig IS.

Pleurothallis lamprophylla Schltr. = P. dolichopus

Pleurothallis listrostachys Rchb.f. = P. sclerophylla

Pleurothallis maguirei Luer.Fig. 16.

Pleurothallis mediocarinata C.Schweinf. ..Fig. 17.

Pleurothallis melanopus Lehm. & Kizl. = P. stenophylla

Pleurothallis meridana Rchb.f..Jig. 18.

Pleurothallis minutiflora Cogn. = P. obovata

Pleurothallis modestiflora Schltr.'= P. obovata

Pleurothallis montserratii Porsch = P. rubens

Pleurothallis nigro-hirsuta Krzl. = P. acuminata

Pleurothallis obovata (Lindl.) Lindl....Fig. 19.

Pleurothallis ochroleuca Schltr. = P. acuminata

Pleurothallis octomeriaeformis Rchb.f. = P. obovata

Pleurothallis osmosperma (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. = P. obovata

Pleurothallis ononis Schltr. = P. sclerophyUa

Pleurothallis peregrina Ames = P. dolichopus

Pleurothallis poasensis Ames = P. dolichopus

Pleurothallis racemosa (BarbRodr.) Krzl. = P. acuminata

Pleurothallis ramulosa Lindl.

_™Jig. 21.

Pleurothallis regalis Luer

Fig. 22.

Pleurothallis rubens Lindl.

Fig. 23.

Pleurothallis rubens var. latifolia Cogn. = P. rubens

Pleurothallis rubens var. longifolia Cogn. = P. rubens

Pleurothallis scariosa (La Llavel Lindl

Fig 24.

Pleurothallis schlimii Luer..

__Jig. 25.

Pleurothallis sclerophyUa Lindl_

.Fig. 26.

Pleurothallis soratana Rchb.f..

Jig. 27.

Pleurothallis spathUabia Schltr

Via 98.

PleurothaUis spathuliformis Luer & V^sduez Fis 29

Pleurothallis stenoglossa Pabst = P. citrina

Pleurothallis stenopetala Lodd. ex Lindl. = P. sclerophyUa

PleurothaUis stenophylla Lehm. •& Krzl..

Fig. 30.

Pleurothallis superposita Schltr. = p. ramulosa

Pleurothallis ienuifolia CSchweinf. = P. acuminata

PleurothaUis Ienuifolia var. iongisepala = P. lagaropbyta

Pleurothallis triura Schltr. = p. sclerophylla ? P

PleurothaUis unduavica Luer & VSsqnez

.Fig. 31.

.Jig. 32.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS ACUMINATIA

1 Petals obtuse to rounded; lip narrowly winged (sect Acuminatae) .2

U Petals narrowly acute to acuminate; column deeply winged (sect Alatae) .30

2 Plant long-repent, the rhizome 3-5 cm long between ramicauls. P. soratana

T Plant shortly repent or caespitose.3

3 Ramicauls prolific. 4

3’ Ramicauls not prolific. 5

4 Leaves elliptical; sepals long-attenuate P ramulosa

4’ Leaves broadly elliptical-oblong; sepals acute. P anderssonii

5 Mature leaves less than 1 cm wide.

5’ Mature leaves more than 1 cm wide. 9

6 Sepals ca. 20 mm long. . lagarophyta

6’ Sepals less than 14 mm long. 7

7 Sepals delicate, 6-9 mm long.

T Sepals 10-14 mm long.

8 Sepals narrowly oblong; lip with tall, marginal calli below the nuddle...^...^.^.-.

8’ Sepais narrowly ovate; Up with iow calii aiong middie third.. P stenophylla

9 Plant descending with curved leaves; raceme half as long as the leaf.../’, vasquezii

9’ Plant erect; raceme as long as or longer than the leaf.

12^ Lip with tall, marginal lamellae below the middle...

12’ Lip with a median pair of calli ....— --—♦

i arcuate, with tall lobes at the middle.

j with low lobes at the middle .

14 Leaf narrowly oblong......_..................

14’ Leaf broadly elliptical.

15 Sepals yellow to orange, more than 1 cm long

15 Sepals greenish white, delicate, 6-7 mm long.

16 Sepals bright orange..

16 Sepals yellow above the middle, purple below the middle..

J7^ Lip with the apex dilated, rounded, smooth.

17’ Lip not with die apex dilated and round.

. P. jesupiorum

. P. ariasii

,.P. spathuliformis

102 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

18 Lip with erect, subacute lobes below the middle. P. concinna

18* Lip without erect, subacute lobes.19

19 Lip with marginal, winglike lobes below the middle.20

19’ Lip without marginal, winglike lobes....21

20 Petals minutely erose..... P. unduavica

20’ Petals entire P coripatae

21 Petals proportionately large, 2/3 as long as the sepals. P. asperilinguis

21’ Petals not proportionately large.22

22 Sepals filiform-attenuate ......23

22’ Sepals not filiform-attenuate.24

23 Lip with a tall carina below the middle.. P. scleropkylla

23’ Lip with 3 carinae. p. dolichopus

24 Lip with erect margins below the middle, without calli.25

24’ Lip with 1 to 3 calH. 26

25 Column with an elongated beak....... p. rubens

25’ Column without an elongated beak . P mendana

26 Lip with 1 tall callus below the middle, the apex coarsely verrucose.

*•;•*—*•**•—.. P. papuligera

26 Lip with 2 or 3 longitudinal calli. .27

27 Lip with 2 parallel calli ....28

27’ Lip with 3 parallel calli.... 29

1 Sepals acuminate; lip oblong...._.......

1 Sepals acute, not acuminate; Up short, broadly pyrifomi" .

\ Lip with 3 caUi above the middle.

r Li P with 3 calU below the middle

30 shoa few-fkiwerS^ 111, *** rhizome 5-10 mm lon S between ramicauls; racemes

30’ Plant caespitose, or rhizome 2-3 mm long betwe

31 Leaves thick; sepals thickly carinate not acumin

31 Leaves cannate; sepals membranous, acuminate,

i wide; Up shallowly sulcate..

* 5 amicau ( s ?"? cm long; leaf ca. 1 cm

carnosifolia

.1.32

....P. gracilenta

/^destroyed at B); Alto Obispo, near Volcan de Porace, alt 4,000 ft., 20 May 1878, F.C. Lehmann

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Coroico and La Paz, alt. 2800 m, cultivated by Dino Menato, 9 Feb. 1980, C. Luer 5193 (SEL); along

RfoLaPaz toward Asunto. alt. 900 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vdsquez 10026 (MO).

COLUMBIA: Narlno: Pasto, La Craz and Rio Iledyo, alt 2000-2400 m, F.C. Lehmann 6288 (K); about

Chacapamba and Meneces near Paste, alt. 1800-2500 m, F.C. Lehmann B.T. 317 (K); Cauca: around

Vangobio and Palace, highlands of Popayan, alt. 1700-2000 m, Jan. 1886, F.C. Lehmann 9076 (AMES, K);

highlands of Popayan, alt 1600-2200 m, F.C. Lehmann sji., HX. 115 (K); Capilla, F.C. Lehmann s.n.,

B.T. 313 (AMES, K).

VENEZUELA: Lara: Selva ariba de Senate, alt. ca. 1500 m, Aug. 1959, L. Aristeguieta 3961 (AMES,

VEN).

ECUADOR: Loja: upriver from Vilcabamba, all. 2000-2400 m. May 1985, D. D’Alessandro 339 (MO);

above San Pedro de Vilcabamba, alt. 2400 m, 23 Apr. 1986, D. D’ Alessandro 627 (MO).

This species occurs within the distribution of both P. citrina and P. obovata, to

which it is closely allied. From P. obovata, P. angustilabia, is easily distinguished

by the caespitose habit. From both the preceding two taxa, this species is distin¬

guished by wider leaves, longer, looser racemes and longer sepals. Although there

arc some intermediate forms, P. angustilabia is usually readily identifiable.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-5 cm long, with 2-3

blackish, tubular sheaths below the middle and at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse to

rounded at the apex, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 1.8-2 cm wide, cuneaie below into a petiole 5 nun long. Inflores¬

cence a loose, secund, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 6-7 cm long including the peduncle 1-2

cm long, subtended by a narrow spathe 5 mm long from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul;

belo 1 ***** 2 d7 l0ng: 2 mm lon ? : ovaiy 15111111 lon 2’ sepais yellow above the middle, purple

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free, oblique, fo rming a small mentum below the column-foot, 10 mm

1°P.S, 1-5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals translucent purple, oblong, rounded at the apex, 2 mm long, 1 mm

PERU: Without collection data, i

6222 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illu

ceived from M. Arias, flc

tr. 17812.

i in Quito by A. Him

This species and P. jesupiorum are closely allied, but P. ariasii is distinguished

by the broader leaves, and twice longer, narrowly oblong sepals that are spiculate-

pubescent within. Instead of bright orange, the sepals of/ 1 , ariasii are yellow above

the middle and purple below the middle. Except for color, the petals and lips of the

two species are similar.

Syn.: Pleurothallis aurea var.

. & Warsc., Bonplandia 2:114,1854.

..asperous apex of the labellum.

& Warsz.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2:667,1891.

asperilinguis (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) Foldats, Act Biol. Venez. 2:373,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS 107

apex obtuse, minutely erase, the disc shallowly concave between a pair of longitudinal calli from below

the middle onto the distal third where they unite into minute, spiculate vemicae, the base narrowly tron-

ratp hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, slender, 4 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, the anther

and the stigma ventral.

PERU: without locality, J. von R. Warscewicx 5202 (holotype of P. asperilinguis: W), C. Lner illnstr.

19068.

I know of no subsequent collection of this species. All collections identified as

P. asperilinguis apparently are variations of the variable P. acuminata. The flowers

of P. asperilinguis are distinguished from all its relatives by broad, non-acuminate

sepals; proportionately large, broadly obtuse petals two-thirds as long as the sepals;

and a small lip half the length of the petals. The lip is narrowly obovate with the

disc shallowly concave between a pair of calli above the middle that merge into a

spiculate-verrucose callus near the apical margin.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Kamicauts

blackish, tubular sheaths below the middle and at the base. Leaf <

obtuse at the apex, 4-6 cm long with a petiole neaiiy 1 cm long, 1.5-1.8

a petiole. Inflorescence a congested, secund, simultaneously miuiy-1

including the peduncle 2-3 cm long, subtended by a narrow spathe 5-7 nun long

the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2.5 mm long; pedicels 2 mm Ion;

obtuse, the dorsal sepal 7.5-10 mm long, 2 mm wid

with the column-foot, 8-10 mi

arinate, elliptical, obtuse, 3.5

i; petals

lip white, oblong-ovate, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the ape:

and broadly rounded below the middle, the '' L *

long, narrowly winged.

PERU: Puno: Sandia, alt. 2500 m, Nov. 1995, A. Him M p^n, alt. 2

ween Pin and Penas, alt 3400 m, 6 Jan. 1964, C. Vargas 15015 (AMES, CUZ),

m, 29 Nov. 1966, C. Vargas 18366 (AMES, CUZ). . .

This species is closely allied to P. acuminata J^^^^oblong,

guished from them by the congested, secund raceme of d by ^ erccl

obtuse sepals that are not at all acuminate. Hie hp afco is di 8 ^ ^ B

sides and midline callus instead of the arcuate bp with a pair ot lo g

seen in P. acuminata.

Pleurothallis carnosifolia C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. L ^ e ^ 8 ^J^ 51 '

Ety.: From the Latin carnosifoUus, “fleshy-leaved,’ referring 4 9 cn long with a

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots siender. Ramtcadsere^ ^dd’y coriaceous.narrow-

tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at wide, narrowly cuneate

ly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, indistinctly petiolate, 5-6 cm lo g,'^_ flower ed raceme, 3-5 cm long

below to the base. Inflorescence a loose, secund, simultaneously m ^ulus near the base of

including the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, subtended by a spathe 5 «ig, _ SC p a is yellow, glabrous,

the leaf; floral bracts 3 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary • ’ 2 ^ wi< j e> 3-veined, the

carinate, ovate, acute, thickened toward the apices, the dorsrd ‘j’jf e 6 column -foot, 5 mm long, 1.75 mm

lateraUepalsJree, oblique, forming a shallcw mentum^telow^tne c^ ^ ^ ^ ^ mm wide^J

yellow, thick, obovate, lightly arcuate, 2 mm long, 1 mm wde, ^^^fcnged to the column-foot;

lowly sulcate between a pair of low, longitudinal ^,*eb«es and the stigma ventral,

column stout, winged, 2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the an ^ ^ (Rolo-

PERU:Cuzco: Urubamba,Salapunco,Uthophytic,alt.2400m,25Mar^ near Caipapata.

type: AMES; Isotype: CUZ). Junta: Taima, litho ^ c ^ W ^ c Luerillustr. 17077.

alt 2400 m, 28 Jan!l984, DM. Smith & J. Cantu 5920 (MO, NY), L. ui

108

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species, known so far only from Peru, differs from those taxa that are close¬

ly related to P. citrina by the narrow, thickly fleshy leaves and a several-flowered

raceme about as long. The flowers are yellow with the conspicuously carinate

sepals also fleshy, especially above the middle. The petals are ovate and sharply

acute. The lip is obovate, thick and shallowly sulcate.

PleurothaUis citrina Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7:103,1920.

Ety.: From the Latin citrinus , “lemon yellow,” referring to the color of the flowers.

Syn.: Pleurothallis brachyantha Schltr., Repert Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 44,1924.

Ety.: From the Greek brachyanihos, “short-flowered," referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Pleurothallis angustilabia Hoehne & Schltr., Arch. Bot Sao Paulo 1: 207,1926, not Schltr.

1921.

Ety.: From the Latin angustilabius, “narrow-lipped,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Pleurothallis stenoglossa Pabst, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 14:19,1956, nom. nov. for

Ety.: From the Greek stenoglossa, “

middle and 2-3 other sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, subpetiolate, 3-6 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below

into a indistinct petiole 1 -1.5 cm long. Inflorescence a loose, subsecund, simultaneously few-flowered

raceme, 2-4 cm long including the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, subtended by a spathe 3 mm long, from an

annulus 2-3 mm below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 1

mm long; sepals pale yellow to pale green, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute,

narrowly acuminate, thickened, 6-8 mm long, 1.25-2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free to near

the base, narrowly ovate, oblique, forming a small mentum below the column-foot, 6-8 mm long, 1-1.5

mm wide, 3-veined; petals translucent light yellow or green, narrowly ovate, acute, minutely serrulate

near the middle, 4-5 mm long, 0.75-1.5 mm wide; lip yellow or green, oblong, 1.75-2.25 mm long, 0.5-

.8 mm wide, the apex round, the disc shallowly sulcate, the base subtruncate, hinged to the column-

ventral )4l,inn W “ ged ’ 15 IBm loo S- foot thi ck, 0.5 mm long, the anther and the stigma

COLUMBU: Nartto: Volcan de Paste, around La Craz and above La Piedra, alt. 2000-2400 m, undat-

6 ? 6 ( ? oloty P e: K - Isot yi»: LE); near Paste, alt. 2400 m, Jan. 1921, W. Hopp 21

***** at B): above Ricaurte, alt. 3000 m, 1 Nov. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer

net Anlil i ( n EL) ' Cauca; WgWands of Popayan, alt. 1600-2200 m, F.C. Lehmann s.n., HK. 115

J7WJ (MO) UrnK> ’ C ° Uected by E - ^ncia, cultivated at Colomborqufdeas, 9 July 1996, C. Luer

iR VAxn,i*r Us ^ : 06110 l minsi P i near Sorata, alt 2700 m, 21 Jan. 1981, C.

Luer J Luer Rv£Zl ■“* ^ d ° ng Rio Chinchine, 2350 m ’ 17Nov - 1992 ’ C

)tTF^mi’rf el H ! e r * w • Tea * ue 16428 <MO). Cochabamba: below

BRAZIL: Sio Paute Alto da W SR U %*- Vdsquez ‘ D Ric & W - Tea « ue 18397

1926: SP; isotypes- HB AMESi r '**■ Hoehne 4465 (holotype of P. angustilabia,

26546 (K, MBMX ’ '‘ P Cuntlba > Rraquara, Rio Irai, 12 Mar. 1971, G. Hatschbach

Hence iS p S r//r!« S obovata are allied with numerous intermediate forms,

extremes o Z 1?" 38 3 synon y m of * ob ^ta. However, when the

Barbosa Rodrigues’ 1 /^ COmpared ’ 1 have no doubt that two species exist,

tinguished by 1 to 3 ^ seems intermediate. Pleurothallis citrina is dis-

middle of the llaf TteSSrfi lo * eredracemes reac h tey™*! ^

disheveled in appearand 0Va,a “* shoner - f™-flowered, and often

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

109

it the base. Leaf erect, c

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots

with a tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 other sheath:

elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 8-11 cm long, 2-2.6 a

cm long. Inflorescence a loose, secund, simultaneously several- to many-tlowered raceme, n-ZJ cm

long including the peduncle 4-5 cm long, subtended by a spathe 7 mm long, from an annulus 5 mm

below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 4 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long;

sepals pale yellow-green, glabrous externally, shortly pubescent within, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal

narrowly ovate, acute, attenuate, 13 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free, narrowly

wide, the midvein purple and carinate externally; li

long, 1.25 mm wide, the lateral lobes obtuse, erect on oasat uura, me apiuai

serrate margins, with longitudinal, intramural lamellae running forward fro

long, the foot

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, between G

Luer & R. Vdsquez 8614 (Holotype: SEL).

This species occurs in the mountainous valleys of the northeastern slopes of the

Andes of central Bolivia. In habit, it is similar to P. sclerophylla with the long,

many-flowered inflorescence far exceeding the elliptical leaf. The sepals are long

and narrow and long-pubescent within, and the petals are short and rounded at the

apex. The lip, however, is distinct with a thin, serrated margin above the middle,

erect, lateral lobes below the middle, and three, longitudinal calli.

Pleurothallis coripatae Luer & VSsquez, Phytologia 46: 362,1980.

Ety.: Named for Coripata, a community near where this species was first collected,

green, thickly coriaceous without a visible midrib, elliptical, subacute to °^se, j*trdale 5-£5anlong,

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free, oblique, forming a shallow mentum 5 ^

long, 2 mm wide. 3-veined; petals translucent yeUow, oblong-obovate. rounded a.; ™

long, 1.25 mm wide; lip yellow, marked with purple, oblong to ^long-subpandu ,

mm wide, the apex expanded, broadly rounded. venucose^cenUally, baJC with the midline

d to the column-foot; column slender, speckled

n long, the anther and the stigma ventral.

e lamella, the base hinged to the column-foot; <

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, cloud forest between Conpata ana corou-u,

C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez & R. Lara 5070 (Holotype: SEL).

This species, apparently endemic in north-central Bolivia, is related to the

widely distributed P rubens, but most closely allied to P ^"heTolumn ha

three are basically similar. From P. rubens it is d.st.ngu.shed by .l« column ^hat

lacks the protruding margin beyond the anther. From .

guished by entire petals and only one central lamella of the lip.

Pleurothallis dimidia Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin dimidius, “half the size,”

Species haec P. acuminatae (H.B.K.) Lindl. i

virescentibus minoribus differt

efcning to titter hat* •ndflo'"**-

sed foBi. enipucii Btaont»< «

ralbo-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

6 cm long, with a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, thickly

coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 3-5 cm long, 0.8-1.3 wide, narrowly

cun cate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, subsecund, simultaneously several-flowered raceme,

4-8 cm long including the peduncle 1-2 cm long, subtended by a spathe 5-8 mm long, from an annulus 1-2

mm below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 1.75-2 mm

long; sepals greenish white, glabrous externally, minutely short-pubescent within, subcarinate, narrowly

oblong-ovate, subacute, the dorsal sepal 6-9 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free,

oblique, forming a mentum below the column-foot, 6-9 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals trans-

along the midvein; lip white, oblong, arcuate, 2.2-3 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide, the apex obtuse to round,

the microscopically venucose and erase, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of longitudinal calli

along the middle two-thirds of the lip, the base subtruncate, hinged to the column-foot; column slender,

longitudinally winged, 1.75-2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther and the stigma ventral.

BOLIVIA: La Paz Inquisivi, Polea, west of Inquisivi, alt 2400 m, 26 Nov. 1992, C. Liter, J. Luer A R.

Vdsquez 16497 (Holotype: MO); Saavedra, below Charazani, alt 2550,19 Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer,

R. Vdsquez et al. 16450 (MO). Cochabamba: Carrasco, Sehuencas, alt 2100 m, 15 Nov. 1993, P. Ibisch

93.1363 (HO).

PERU: Cuzco : Paucartambo, Pillawata, Paso del Aguila, alt. 2800 m, 4 Nov. 1965, C. Vargas 16768

(AMES, CUZ). Hutnuco: below Panao, alt. 2800 m, 7 Aug. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Koniger, H.

Kdniger A hi. Arias 5315 (SEL).

COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Santa Marta, Hda. Cincinnati, alt 7,100 ft., 2 Aug. 1946, MS. Foster, R.

Foster A E. Smith 1332 (AMES). Santander: Paramo de las Puentes, oak forest above La Baja, alt.

3300-3400 m, 25-31 Jan. 1927, EJ>. KiUip A A.C. Smith 18259 (AMES, NY, US).

VENEZUELA: Tichira: near Las Copas cliffs, headwaters of the Rio Quinimari, alt. 2400 m. Sept.

1972, G.CK. Duns tervi lie 1238.

This species, widely distributed in the Andes from northern Colombia to central

Bolivia, is very similar to the relatively common P. acuminata, but it is distin¬

guished from the latter by the smaller habit and smaller, greenish white flowers. It

had been considered merely a smaller variation, but populations of these plants

occur sporadically within the distribution of the larger, yellow-flowered P. acumi¬

nata. The leaves are elliptical, about one centimeter wide, and surpassed by the

raceme of small, delicate flowers with narrowly oblong sepals. Dunsterville’s illus¬

tration erroneously identified as P. asperilinguis in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated

appears to be this species.

Repea Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 394,1912.

r ., Repeit Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15:205,1918.

., ‘shiny leaf,” referring to the foliage.

bradeorum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 106,

Ely.: Named for Volcan Poas where the specimen was collected.

Am “* Schei Orch. 6:67,

der petiole 1.5-2 cm long. Inflores-

18 cm or more long including

1 ““ long ’ trom a node 5-6 mm below the abscis-

iJtr 11,111 l0ng; pedicels 3 ' 51,1111 lon S» ova *y 3 mm long; sepals

. lth “’ subca ™ate, free to the base, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute,

im™Uy;Hp ra e, oilonTarZ;. 3

ly serrulate, with erect

112

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

BOLIVIA: La Paz : Inquisivi, between Inquisivi and Circuata, alt 2550 m, 29 Jan. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer

& R. Vdsquez 5975 (Holotype: SEL).

This small species of section Alatae from the Yungas of central Bolivia is

characterized by the densely caespitose habit with narrowly terete leaves, acuminate

sepals, and long-acuminate petals. Vegetatively, it is similar to P. stenophylla.

Pleurothallis jesupiorum Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 64,1996.

Ety.: Named for Mr. and Mrs. H. Phillips Jesup erf Bristol, CT, co-discoverers of this spe

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, blackish, erect,:

with 2-3 tubular sheaths below the middle and at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptic

1.5-3 cm long, 0.7-1 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 4-6 mm long. Inflorescence

tichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 3-6 an long including the peduncle 1

subtended by a narrow spathe 5-8 mm long from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul:

D - ... -the pass east of Loja, alt. 2500 m, 21

-- i«er, P. Jesup, A. Jesup & A. Hirtz 16080 (Holotype: MO).

This species from southeastern Ecuador is related to the widely distributed and

variable P. acuminata , but most closely to P. mediocarinata of Peru. Besides the

small habit, it is easily distinguished by the small, bright orange sepals that are

papillose-pubescent within. The smooth, external surfaces of the sepals and ova-

nes as well as other vegetative parts, are covered with a web or mesh of black

tiyphae as commonly seen in other species of the subgenus. The petals are obtuse

and cannate The lip is arcuate and oblong, but widest at the rounded apex. On the

disc above the middle only two carinae meet above the apical margin in a low.

^y .^pi” 1 ^ agaro P^ ton ' “ lan lcy”plant,” refining to the very slender habit.

114

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species, found uncommonly the mountains of southern Peru and Bolivia, is

basically similar to most species grouped together in this taxon. It is distinguished

by the elliptical, petiolate leaf surpassed by a secund, several-flowered raceme of

medium-sized flowers. The sepals are obtuse and pubescent within; the petals are

rounded at the apex; and the lip is minutely veirucose at the obtuse apex with thick,

erect margins below the middle. A midline callus is present below the middle.

Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 826,1849.

i slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-6 cm long.

Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly ellip-

into a petiole ca.

_ _ D _tding the peduncle 1-2

n annulus below the apex of the ramicaul;

mm long; sepals orange, glabrous external-

subacute, 6.5-8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-

n below the column-foot, 6.5-8 mm long, 2

-- ----— — concave at the apex, 2.3 mm long, 1.3 mm

, arcuate, oblong-ovate, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide expanded, the apex broad-

wed below the middle, the disc with a nair of ImurittuKnal raring on tha miHHV.

the erect margins 1

wly subtruncate, delicately

fortljf

VENEZUELA: Mtrlda: near Merida, Feb. 1848, M

5466 (MO), C Luer fflustr. 17228.

This species is apparently endemic in the mountains of western Venezuela. It

tz 1063 (Lectotype here designated: W), C. Luer

'L 1600-2000 m, 22 July 1983, H. Vander Werff

“ species is apparently endemic in the mountains of western Venezuela. It

s described by Reichenbach, but another similar species from Colombia (Schlim

; J ’ W f mcluded in the publication. Closely related to P. acuminata, it is charac-

ze by a narrowly elliptical leaf surpassed by a several-flowered raceme; the

sepals are non-acuminate, shorter, and proportionately broader; and the petals are

I * Vate Wlth “* e rounded and concave. As with P. acuminata, the lip is simi¬

larly arcuate, but the carinae merge into the erect margins below the middle.

lay.: From the Latin obovatia, “ob

5"! 2:73 ’ 1882 -

116 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Loma Isabel de la Tone, alt. 1,000 ft., 7 July 1887, Eggers 2799 (BREM).

Sanchez: Samana, Las Cafiitas Mt., alt. 1,000 ft., 21 Oct. 1909, N. Taylor 14 (AMES, NY). Puerto

Plata: along Yaroa River, alt. 500 m, 1 May 1968, AH. Liogier 11044 (AMES, NY). Los Haitises,

Samana Bay, Barracote River, alt. 250 m, 19 Mar. 1969, AM. Liogier 14483 (AMES, NY); Sierra de

Yaroa, alt. 850 m, 28 Jan. 1969, AM. Liogier 13582 (NY); northwest of Santiago, El Pefion, above Las

Lavas, alt. 600 m, 7 May 1968, AM. Liogier 11163 (NY). Dajabdn: Cerro Chacuey, alt. ca. 400 m, 20

Nov. 1984, T. Zanoni et al. 32580 (NY).

HAITI: Marmelade, alt. ca. 3,000 ft., 24 Aug. 1903, G.V. Nash 752 (NY). Dept, du Nord: vicinity of

Dondon, alt. ca. 400 m, 8 Jan. 1926, E.C. Leonard 8668,8742 (AMES, NY, US).

PUERTO RICO: Luqufllo Mountains, 19 Feb. 1935, F.W. Home s.n. (NY).

NICARAGUA: Chontales: Chamorro Mine, alt. 600 m, A. Heller 3974 (SEL).

GUYANA: Demirara, cultivated at Kew, Dec. 1860, from Loddiges s.n. (K).

This species is relatively frequent and widely distributed through the Antilles

and Central America to southern Brazil. It is distinguished by the elliptical leaf that

is sometimes more or less obovate, and a disheveled fascicle of several, short, few-

flowered racemes produced from near the petiolate base. The flowers are small

with ovate-acute sepals and petals and a simple, oblong lip.

Pleurothallis obovata is represented by variable forms that exhibit longer

racemes and larger flowers with long-attenuate apices of the sepals and petals. The

extreme of these forms is so distinctive that it is recognized here as P. citrina.

Intermediate forms have been given specific names, but to try to apply a name to

any one of these forms is too inconclusive. They are listed in the synonymy above.

Pleurothallis papuUgera Schltr., Repert Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10:453,1912.

Ety.: From the Latin papuliger, “bearing papules,” referring to the coarsely pubescent sepals.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender to stout, 8-20

cm long, with a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 6-13 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the

petiole 1-2.5 cm long. Inflorescence 1 to 2 loose, subsecund, simultaneously many-flowered racemes,

12-27 cm long including the peduncle 3-5 cm long, subtended by a spaihe 1-2 cm long, from an annulus

3-5 mm below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 3-5 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 34 mm

tong; sepals bright yellow, subcarinate, glabrous externally, coarsely short-pubescent within, narrowly

elliptical-ovate, narrowly obtuse, the dorsal sepal 12-14 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to

the lateral sepals for 1.5-2 mm, the lateral sepals free, oblique, foiming a shallow mentum below the

column-foot, 11-14 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals translucent yellow, oblong-obovate, obtuse,

..In™ ..7 118 ’ Wide ’ ca f inate externally along the midvein, protruding beyond the apex; lip

s species, endemic but widely distributed in Bolivia, is closely allied to the

wi e y stributed P. acuminata. In their habit with a many-flowered raceme far

urpassing an obtuse, elliptical, petiolate leaf, they are similar, but the sepals of P

ZZ,Z ra ^® coarsely pubesc ent within. The petals are similar. The lip off.

middipU^ dl f erSWUh the UiU ' thicken ed, broadly rounded margins below the

The pm / a ongltudinal ^us between, and a coarsely verrucose, rounded apex,

elliptical lip of P. acuminata is simply longitudinally bicallous.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

120

COLOMBIA: Santander: La Baja, Pomplona, alt 8,000 ft., Jan. 1847, L. Schlim 1441 (Holotype: W;

Isotype: K), C. Luer illustr. 19067.

This species, apparently endemic in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, was

collected by Louis Schlim near the middle of the nineteenth century. Reichenbach

identified it with P. meridana in his publication of the latter. Since that time, it lay

in the herbaria of K and W identified as the smaller P. meridana. Although superfi¬

cially similar to the latter but with twice larger flowers, P. schlimii seems more

closely allied to P. acuminata. Although the latter is treated herein as morphologi¬

cal variable, P. schlimii differs signicantly with oblong, obtuse sepals, instead of

acuminate and acute, and a lip with a tall pair of marginal lamellae below the

middle. The narrow leaves of P. schlimii are very thick, approaching terete.

PleurothaUis sclerophyUa Lindl., BoL Reg. 21: sub 1.1797,1835.

Ety.: From the Grade sclerophyllon , “hard leaf,” referring to the coriaceous foliage.

Syn.: PleurothaUis stenopetala Lodd. ex Lindl, Bot. Reg. 24: raise. 95,1838.

Ety.: From the Greek stenopetalon, “narrow petal” referring to the petals.

Syn.: PleurothaUis listrostachys Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3:71,1855.

Ety.: From the Greek listrostachys, “a smoothing tool,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: AnathaUis secunda Barb. Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orch. Nov. 2:72,1882.

Ety.: From the Latin secundus, “second,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Humboldtia sclerophyUa (lindl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668,1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia stenopetala (Lodd. ex LindL) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI 2:668,1891.

Syn.: PleurothaUis urosepala Lehm. & Kraenzl, Bot Jahrb. SysL 26:442,1899.

Ety.: From the Greek urosepalon, “tail-like sepals,” referring to the narrow sepals.

Syn.: PleurothaUis triura Sdiltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 386,1916.

Ety.: From the Greek triura, “three-tailed,” referring to the free, <0nn g »i«t sepals.

Syn.: PleurothaUis ottonis Schltr., Repert Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 52,1929.

Ety.: Named in honor of Otto Buchtien, collector of the species.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender to stout, 5-20

cm long, with a tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 5-14 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the

petiole 1-2 cm long. Inflorescence a loose, subsecund, simultaneously several- to many-flowered

124

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

COLOMBIA: Cauca: B Pedregal and Inza, Central Andes of Popayan, alL 1500-1800 m, F.C. Lehmann

4515 (Holotype: K; Isotype: US), C. Luer illustr. 17009; Highlands of Popayan, alt. 1600-2000 m, B.T.

324,325 (AMES. K, W), C. Luer illustr. 16394; highlands of Popayan. alt. 1600-2200 m, F.C. Lehmann

7139 (AMES, K); Capilla above Popayan, F.C. Lehmann B.T327 (AMES); near Popayan, alt. 1700 m,

collected and cultivated in Itagfii by B. Pineda, 29 Dec. 1992, R. Escobar 5157 (MO), C. Luer illustr.

16613. Antioquia: Unao, collected and cultivated by Rogelio Londono, 20 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14317

(MO). Risaralda: collected near Pereira, flowered in cultivation by S. Tsubota, 10 May 1993, C. Luer

16762 (MO).

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare, between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m, 15 Jan. 1988,

C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez etal. 12841 (MO)

This species, first collected in southern Colombia, is distinguished by loosely-

floweed racemes about as long as thick leaves that are less than one centimeter

wide. The flowers are smaller but similar to those of P. acuminata with acute,

narrowly acuminate-triangular leaves. Published one page after that of P. ste-

nophylla , the desciption of P. melanopus, from an unknown locality and without an

extant type, can also be applied to this species.

Pleurothallis unduavica Luer & Vdsquez, Phytologia 46: 372,1980.

Ely.: Named for Unduavi, a river and a town near where this species was first collected.

cm long, with a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other si

green, thickly coriaceous without a visible midrib, elliptical, sub

1.3-1.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole 0.5-1.

ed, distichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 10-14

long, subtended by a spathe 5-6 mm long, from an annulus 2-3 mm below the apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent light yellow, glabrous

externally, pubescent within, subcarinate, narrowly ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 6 mm long, 2.2 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free, oblique, forming a shallow mentum below the column-foot, 6 mm

long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals translucent yellow, speckled with purple, oblong-obovate, rounded

* ■**- " n long, 1.5 mm wide, purple along the midvein; lip yellow with a

expanded, broadly rounded, minutely verrucose centrally, thickened below the isthmus with broadly

rounded, erect margins, the disc with a pair of yellow, denticulate crests along the middle third, and a

long, central, purple lamella, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, speckled

with red, the apex non-cucullate, 1.8 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther and the stigma ventral.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Sud Yungas, cloud forest below Unduavi, alt 2450 m, 6 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer,

R. Vdsquez <6 M. Manon 5206 (Holotype: MO).

This species, apparently endemic in north-central Bolivia, is related to the

widely distributed P. rubens , but most closely allied to P. coripatae. The lips of all

three are basically similar. From P. rubens it is distinguished by the column that

lacks the protruding margin beyond the anther. From P. coripatae it is distin¬

guished by the denticulate lamellae within the margins of the lip. From both the

above it is distinguished by the serrulate margins of the petals.

Pleurothallis vasquezii Luer, Phytologia 49:220,1981.

Ely.: Named in honor of Roberto Vasquez Chavez of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, collector of this species.

other shei __

:ar-elliptical, slightly curving upward, acute, 8-13 cm long, 0.7-1 cm wide

sessiie base. Inflorescence pendent, 2-3 subcongested, subflexuous, simulta

— ' m long, subtended by a spathe

5 mm long, from the apex of t

green, speckled with black, 4

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free, oblique, forming

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

125

long, 2.75 mm wide, 3-veined; petals translucent light green, oblong-obovate, rounded

long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, subcarinate externally; lip greenish white, obovate, ara

late, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded with the margin celluiar-g

with a low, longitudinal callus flanked by a pair of parallel, purple stripes, the basa

hinged to the column-foot; column greenish white with thin, purple margins, slender,

foot 3 mm long, the anther and the stigma ventral.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Inquisivi, cloud forest between Inquisivi and Cir

Luer, J. Luer & R. Vdsquez 5971 (Holotype: SEL).

, alt. 2550 m, 29 Jan. 1981, C.

This species, apparently endemic in north-central Bolivia, is unique in the

subgenus with narrow, pendent leaves that curve slightly upward. The short, few-

flowered racemes are also pendent. Although the relatively large green, black-

dotted flowers are basically similar to those of the other species they are distin¬

guished by the obovate, subunguiculate lip with a central carina flanked by a purple

stripe on each side.

BINOMIALS IN SUBGENUS ACUMINATIA ENDEMIC IN BRAZIL

Pleurothallis attenuata Rolfe

Pleurothallis barboselloides Hoehne, non Schltr. 1922 = P. piratiningana

Pleurothallis bocainensis Porto & Brade = P. attenuata Rolfe

Pleurothallis bupleurifolia Porsch = P. depauperata

Pleurothallis convallium Kraenzl. = P. linearifolia

Pleurothallis convergens R.C J.Gerard = P. linearifolia

Pleurothallis depauperata Cogn. = P. linearifolia

Pleurothallis eugenii Pabst = P. linearifolia

Pleurothallis gert-hatschbachii Hoehne

Pleurothallis glossochila Kraenzl. = P. linearifolia

Pleurothallis handroi Pabst = P. piratiningana

Pleurothallis heterophyUa (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn.

Pleurothallis hoehnei Schltr. = P. heterophylla

Pleurothallis linearifolia Cogn.

Pleurothallis malmeana Dutra

Pleurothallis margaritifera Schltr. = P. linearifolia

Pleurothallis nectarifera (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn.

Pleurothallis pabstii Garay

Pleurothallis petersiana Schltr.

Pleurothallis piratiningana Hoehne

Pleurothallis pubipetala Hoehne

Pleurothallis racemosa var. minor Cogn. = ?

Pleurothallis radialis C.Porto & Brade

Pleurothallis rigidula Cogn. = P. linearifolia

Pleurothallis simpliciglossa Loefgren

Pleurothallis spannageliana Hoehne

Pleurothallis vestita Kraenzl., unknown origin

Pleurothallis ypirangae Kraenzl.

126

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Fig. 4. Pleurothallis s

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Fig. 9. Pleurothallis concinna

Fig. 12.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALUS

130

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALUS

131

132

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Fig. 28.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

133

Pig. 31. Pleurothallis unduavica

Fig. 32. Pleurothallis vasquezn

135

ADDENDA TO DRACULA, LEPANTHES,

137

SYSTEMAUCS OF DRACULA

from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, IS mm long; pedicel IS mm long; ovary low-denticulate-

crested, 8 mm long, 4 mm wide, round in cross section; sepals light green, diffusely dotted with purple,

lateral sepals for 10 mm to form a broadly expanded flower, the apex acute, contracted into a slender,

red-brown tail 15 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, connate 25 mm into a broad lamina,

35-40 mm long, 42 mm wide, the apices contracted into equally long, slender tails, similar to that of the

dorsal sepal; petals ivory, marked with dark brown, cartilaginous, oblong, 5 mm long, 25 mm wide, the

minutely erose; Up white, 14 mm long, 11 mm wide, the epichile suborbicular-oblong, concave, rounded,

11 mm long, 11 mm wide, with 3 incomplete, irregular, longitudinal carinae, and 8-10 incomplete

n long, 4.5 n

margins, the base decurved, concave, hinged to the colu

mm long, denticulate at the tip, with a stout foot 3 mm Ion

ECUADOR: Without locality, collected by A. Hirtz, cultivated at Middleburg, FL, 7 May 1999, by G.

Schudel sji. (Holotype: MO), C. Luerillustr. 19157.

A first impression of this plant is that it is a hybrid, and this may be true with

one of the parents being D. vespertilio (Rchb.f.) Luer. However, it was collected

“in the wild,” and is therefore either a natural hybrid or a species deserving recog¬

nition in either case. This taxon is characterized by narrowly elliptical leaves, and a

single, large, expanded flower. The sepals are light green with numerous, small,

purple-brown spots, and with slender tails about 15 centimeters long. The crested

ovary is similar to that of D. vespertilio. The epichile of the lip is large and subor-

bicular with involute margins, and filled with incomplete carinae and fragments.

Dracula terborchii Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Herman Ter Borch of Eindhoven, the Netherlands, who culova

s Draculae, foliis plicatis, floribus magnis.

Plant large,

28 cm long, 3.5-4 cm wide, g

long. Inflorescence

tal to descending peduncle, 12-

long; pedicels 16-20 mm long; <

sepals purplish, densely dotted

carinaeandmanylateiaUy radiating carinae within, the ^extransverse - - - -

mens), the hypochile ovoid, 4 mm long, 4 mm wide, deft centrally.;

with the central carina of the epichile, the base deceived, c

white, stout, semiterete, 5 mm long, denticulate at the top, wi Mjddle-

ECUADOR: Carchl: above Chical alt 1200 m, collected by A. Hjtz, ^ obtained

burg, FL, by G. Schudel 1906 (Hdotype: MOO. C. Lee" • * ^ c . Luer illustr. 18875.

from Ter Borch, cultivated in Venhuizen, the Netherlands, by AS- Xpn

• • tinn a« in the nreceding taxon. It was collect-

Tim status of this taxon is m J^Silar to D. polyphmus

ed in northernmost Ecuador, also by Hirtz. It broader with involute

(Luer) Luer, but the large epichile of D. more widely

ci/ioo Tn orisUtinn thp canals are subacute, less deep y

sides. In addition, the sepals are subacute,

diverging; and the petals are distinctly smaller.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

The following 11 species of subgenus Lepanthes and one species of subgenus

Marsipanthes raise the number of species of subgenus Lepanthes found in Ecuador

to 304, or to a total of 315 for the genus including subgenus Brachycladium.

connate to the lateral sepals for 1

bifid synsepal, 6 ram long, 5.5 mi

microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, --*>; — . , __ a. i^e,

margin between the lobes, the upper lobe quadrate, sharply truncate, 3 mm long, Z ^^ 1 ^ ^

3 25 mm long, 1 mm wide at the base; lip «r“

Among the species of series Wncro/ ^ . to ^ ^

seemingly ubiquitous L. mucronata. The longer peduncles b(J( jj) .

the top of the base of the leaf, but the raceme does ™ ^ flo ^ ers m

stead, it arches to bear the raceme beyond the margin ofthe leal- ^

similar with sharply truncate upper lobes of the petaJs. ^ L ortegar L

membranous, but acutely folded at the base, as seen ^ acutely recurved

pelyx, and L. rhodophylla. rrt -~ is du

beneath the stigma.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Fig. 293.

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANTHES

145

146

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 302. Lepanthes privigna

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR |47

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: Rio Verde, alt. 1450 m, 5 May 1999, L. Jost 1532 (Holotype: MO), C Loer

illustr. 19170.

This small species is similar to the frequent and widely distributed L. wageneri,

but differs with ovate, acute leaves, and ovate, acute, slightly acuminate sepals with

the laterals somewhat spreading. The leaves of L. wageneri are obtuse and the

sepals are subacute with the laterals nearly approximate.

> 15 mm long, borne behind the leaf by

m long; pedicels 2.5-3 mm lc

'ersely ovate, obtuse, shortly

long; floral bracts a<

twisted, 1.5 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, sul

s, the dorsal sepal 4 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 3-vei

This species of series Lepanthes subsection Lepanthes is without immediate

relatives. The broad leaves, abruptly acuminate, and subcordate at the base are

borne by glabrous sheaths. The flower is borne in a congested raceme behind the

leaf. The sepals are very broad and obtuse, and the petals are pubescent and bi-

lobed. The lip is most distinctive with the nearly conduplicate blades with recurved

bases covering the column. The body is broad with an oblong, pubescent appendix.

labeffi laminis oblongis, corporibus o

Plant small to medium in size,

cm long, enclosed by 7-11, dilated, c

rounded, abruptly contracted

sively many-flowered raceme

long; floral bracts 1 mm lonj

into a petiole 3 mm long. Inflorescence a msucuou,. -

, up to 10 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a slender peduncle 8-10 mm

tma . . d : ““s 11 l 75 '^ r 1 —

a» lateral sepakTorlTnmJJte hrarai ^psds ovate, oblique, subacute, a<umuiate,6mm loug.mm

wide, 2-veined, connate 1.5 mm; petals microscopically pubescent, transversely bdot^, ^

mm wide, 1-veined, the upper lobe suffused with red-puiple, narrowly tI j angu !"’" u Effused with

long, the lower lobe golden yellow, broadly triangular, obtuse, 1 mm long. Upye u . ™

red-purple on margins, bilaminate, the blade:

narrowly obtuse, the bases rounded, 2.25

! > forming a broad body.

>r dorsal, the stigma ventraL

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: Rio Blanco watershed, alt. 2600 m, 14 June 1999, L. lost 1696 (Holotype:

MO), C. Luer illustr. 19235.

Vegetatively, the broad leaves abruptly long-acuminate at the tip, resemble

those of L. pelyx Luer & Hirtz, and the broad, sharply acuminate, diverging lateral

sepals resemble those of the large L. actias-luna Luer & Hirtz. The narrowly tri¬

angular upper lobes of the petals are erect and much longer than the lower lobes.

The blades on the lip are oblong, overlying the column. The finely pubescent

appendix is minute, linear and microscopically bifid.

, —«uius along me rower margin ending in a descendi

it the base; Up tan, diffusely dotted with brown, black at the apex n

2.75 mm wide, the dilated near the middle,

le disc broadly and shallowly c

- ~ r , uiuauij aim snanowiy concave bet

1, subcordate, flexibly hinged beneath by a thin

ECUADOR: Without collection data, pure

Venhuizen, The Netherlands, __^ ^_

by P. Clots si SS tlOD d * la ’ pUrchased from Jose PortUk ’ flowered in cultivatkra at Hasselt, Belgium,

®!S r ’, U ’ iS n 6 ?! :tiVe SpeC ' eS is without collecti °n data. Among the

“ iS ^f^bed by acute, petiolate leaves, and

aTwhTe ^,S ve r^Mh°K " toge tor the aabseetion. The sepals

tel pafc r St Z ,he Sepals 316 diffuse| y wadded with

tails The^f a l<f!r? n ^ ap,ccs P^ed into slender, yellow-green

cmius « hS tl • 0b 0n t 8 and * on gitudinally winged with a finger-like

SYSTEMATIC^ OF MASDEVALUA 149

late into stout, orange tails ca. 1 cm long; petals orange, oblong, 8 mm long. 3

ise-subtruncate, minutely notched, with a longitudinal callus along the labellar

he base in a minute, acute, incurved process; lip orange, oblong, 9 mm long. 3

ise, the disc shallowly concave between a pair of low, longitudinal calli, with a

ird the apex, the base truncate, shallow!

PERU: Hu&nuco: Carpish Mountains, alt 2700 m, July 1998, P. Cloes 990118 (Hdotype: MO), C Luer

illustr. 19057.

This species of subsection Masdevallia is apparently endemic in the Carpish

Mountains of central Peru. It is characterized by an elliptical leaf acute at both ends

with a black petiole and ramicaul. The peduncle arises from near the middle, well

above the base. The single flower is proportionately small. The reddish brown

sepals are contracted into stout, orange tails. The petals are oblong with a minute,

incurved tooth at the base. The lip is also oblong with low, longitudinal carinae.

>, et labello albo pandurifoimi distinguitur.

subsection, epiphytic, (

erect, 1.5-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, black, tubular^ ^ ^ m

cm wide, the basf narrowly create into the petiole 8 Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a

erect peduncle 4-5 cm long, with a bract at the base, from low on the ramicaul; flood bract

long; pedicel 9 mm long; ovary 7 mm long; sepals g

connate to the lateral sepals for 9 mm to form a cylindrical tube, the apex subacute, contracted ' n j°“

orange, suberect tail 2.5 cm long, 1 mm thick, the lateral sepals elliptical, connate 8 mm mtoabiftd

lamina 13 mm long, 14 mm wide, the free portions obtuse, contracted into orange tails L cm g. ■

mm thick; petals white, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex br «f y Moas ,.

margin with a longitudinal callus ending in a very small, uncinate processi at Ite

Dandurate. 4.5 mm inno 9 mm wi A* shallowlv constricted between the middle and _

... _ w„. ^-s along the lateral^veins, the base truncare.

beneath; column white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a short extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santlago: Pangui, alt. 900 m, collected 10 May *

Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Ecuador, Oct. 1999, J. Portilla 102 (Holotype: MO), .

This species of sect. Masdevallia is distinguished by the

suffused with yellow toward the base, and thick, straight, orange *

tooth of the petals is minute and uncinate. The lip white and pan .

narrowed between the lower two thirds and the rounded apical

practically smooth, with barely visible elevations along the lateral ve •

Masdevallia dorisiae Luer, sp. nov. , . . . nUnt for identification.

Ety.: Named for Doris Dukes of Dover, FL, who ^ gW>ns.

acutis attenuatis caudatis, sepali dorsalis cauda decurva, synsepalo ad ostium cupulae

caudato, petalis oblongis, et labelloplicato distinguitur. lJ 2an

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots siender Ramcai^b^ mcludmg a

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, peb ^eate into the

Petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1 . 5 - 1.8 wwe, erect, s iender. tnque-

petiole. Inflorescence a subdense, successively few-flowered ra^ue^e y 15 mm long;

trous peduncle 14 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; cellular withm,the

ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals yellow, suffused with rose median*, g* ^ ^ connate tothe lateral

dorsal sepal elliptical, acute, long-attenuate, decuived, 52 ^ m ovate , bifid lamina,

sepals for 12 mm to for

154

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

lasdevallia wuerstlei Luer, sp. nov.

Ely.: Named for Bertfaold Wiirstle of Spielberg, Germany, who cultivated this s]

Species haec Af. medusae Luer & Escobar persimilis, sed pedunculo tereti, rac

)onea wiui purple-brown, minutely vem

s, connate to the lateral sepals for 3.5-5 e

a slender tail green tail 2.5 cm long, the

-u„. gBU , 14-u mm long, 9 mm wide, connate basally for 2

*d into green tails 1-2.2 cm long; petals white, oblong, 6 mm long, 1.5

-—tely bi-apiculate, the labellar margin with a low, longitudinal callus,

subpandurate^6mm Sg^ 25 middl ®’J ,p diffusel y dotted or speckled with red-purple, oblong-

nu at Mi° b ?A’ t^ inUt h^ ap j C ,!f ate With a keel be “ eat i“* minutely verrucose, the hypochile oblong! sub-

ncate at the base, hinged beneath; column white, with purple along the margin, semiterete, 6.5 mm

long, the foot 4 mm long with an incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Without collection data, obtained from Hubein cultivated hv R w.wle

Germany, 29 August 1982, C. Luer 8129 (Holotype: SEL). ’ P 8 ’

This species, obtained from a collector without data except for Colombia, has

been in cultivation by BerthoM WOrsde in Spielberg, Germany, for an unknown

number of years. It has always produced loosely flowered racemes with long,

tortuous pedicels. Except for being smaller with shorter tails, the flowers are simi¬

lar to those of Af. medusa from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.

Masdevallia medusa is characterized by a triquetrous peduncle and a congested

raceme with imbricating floral bracts. The peduncle of Af. wuerstlei is terete

with a tubular bract near the middle, and with a loosely flowered raceme with rachis

vmble between floral bracts. The pedicels of both concepts are elongated, but those

of Af. wuerstlei are conspicuously twisted.

r ‘ hi l2 ant “ abemlion of M "«*« ^ impossible to state for

^ f 6 with a bract is significant The problem is similar to

ouet^ f - kBm “ L,ad1 ' Wlth ,ere,e peduncles and M. sceptrum Rchb.f. with tri¬

quetrous peduncles. Masdevallia infracia, characterized by a triquetrous peduncle,

protos on rare occasions a terete peduncle. However, a terete peduncle, together

‘ ha aceme aad ‘° rtuo,1 s pedicels, suggest a specific difference. If M.

would-be af ? rm ° fM nedusa ’ tor 11,6 ssme reasons M. sceptrum

would be considered a form of Af. schlimii.

SYSTEMAHCS OF MASDEVALUA

155

156 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 8a. Masdevallia ]

SYSTEMAHCS OF MASDEVALLIA 157

Pig-11a. Masdevallia wuelfinghoffia

158

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Pleurothallis mammiUata Luer, Selbyana 3:138,1976.

Ety.: From the Latin mammillatus, “with nipples,” referring to the mammillate calli on the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly creeping to subcaespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending,

slender, 1.5-5 cm long, with a tubular sheaths below the middle, and another at the base. Leaf coria-

Inflorescence a weak, arching, distichous, congested, many-flowered raceme, 8-11 cm long including

the peduncle 1-2 cm long, with up to 30 flowers, from a spathe 4-6 mm long at the base of the leaf; floral

bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals membranous, pale green, ovate,

acuminate, acute, concave, 3-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, free from the laterals, the lateral

sepals connate into an ovate, narrowly obtuse, concave synsepal, 3-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 4-

veined; petals fleshy, oblong, obtuse, curved, 1.25 mm long, 0.4 mm wide; lip thick, obovate, obtuse,

decurved near the middle, 1 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the disc sulcate between a pair of small, mammillate

0.5 mm^ongi with a^’hort, thick focA* 8 ° * e co uran 00 ’ co umn s ou ’ semi er e ’

PANAMA: Panama: epiphytic on Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 2 Mar. 1976, cultivated 12 Apr. 1976, C.

Luer, H. Butcher, J. Luer A P. Taylor 951 (Holotype: SEL); Altos de Pacora road, alt. 650 m, C. Luer,

RL. Dressier, J. Luer A P. Taylor 952 (SEL). Colon: Santa Rita lumber road, 27 Mar. 1968, RL.

Dressier 3464 (SEL).

This little species, apparently endemic in eastern Panama, seems best treated in

subgenus Dracontia, although the habit is unusually small for that subgenus. The

species is not well accommodated in any

of the other subgenera. It had been placed

in subsection Antenniferae, but when the

key was constructed, obvious inconsisten¬

cies became apparent.

Pleurothallis mammillata is character¬

ized by a habit superficially similar to P.

pruinosa Lindl. with which it probably

had been identified in the past. The

narrowly elliptical leaves are about as long

as the ramicaul, and the long, distichous

raceme of small, pale green flowers far

exceeds the leaf. The dorsal sepal and

synsepal are acute; the petals are oblong,

obtuse and thickened at the rounded apex,

best suggesting its affinity with Dracontia.

The lip is thickly ovate and obtuse with a

tiny pair of mammillate calli in the center.

The anther is short and terete with an

apical anther. The column-foot has a pair

of thick calli above the hinge with the lip.

Fig. 13a. Pleurothallis mammillata

SYSTEMATICS OF DRYADELLA

159

MISCELLANEOUS NEW SPECIES OF DRYADELLA,

LEPANTHES AND PLEUROTHALUS

The following new species of Dryadella Luer, several of which are now in

cultivation, had been awaiting publication in a future leones Pleurothallidinarum.

They are described here without the illustrations which will be published in the

revision of the genus.

I Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

linate,” referring to the apices of the sepals.

a in size, epiphytic, densely

i by 2-3 thin, loose, t

i wide, gradually narrowed below to th

me borne by a peduncle 5-6 1

imbricating, 6 mm long; pedicel 6-7 mm long; ova

more or less spotted with purple, subcarinate, the

lateral sepals for 0.5 mm to fomi a sepaline cup, the lateral sepals

long, 2.5 mm wide, connate 1 mm at the base, with a transvers

margins cellular-erose; petals translucent green, multi-angled-oblong, 1.5

apex transverse, obliquely truncate, with an;

lobule on the labeUar margin; lip light bro

wide, the apex broadly rounded, minutely denticulate, the base above the claw with a pair of acute, n

i-foot; column green, 2.25 mm l<

erose-winged on the distal half, denticulate a

ECUADOR: Bolivar: epiphytic in cloud fo

This little species is apparently endemic on the western slopes of the Andes of

central Ecuador. Vegetatively, the ramicauls are produced in dense fascicles with

intertwining, fleshy roots. The leaves are narrowly linear. The sepals are acute and

long-acuminate. The obtuse petals are acutely angled on the upper margin of the

apex, and subacutely angled on the labeUar margin, but the shapes and sizes of the

angles are variable. The blade of the lip is more or less flat with a broadly rounded,

minutely denticulate margin and a pair of erect, triangular calli on the disc.

2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly linear-obovate,

long, 3-3.5 r ' ' —- /JW *

successively

long, enclosed by

.acute, 20-30 mm

Inflorescence a solitary flower borne

,; lip yellow-green, jmguiculate^t^Wade

|^*e daw 0.75mm long, bdobulato«t

itudinally, hinged t<

U the apex, the foot equally long.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF DRYADELLA

161

10 mm long; pedicel 3-6 mm long, vemicose; ovary 1-1.5 mm long, tricristale; sepals yellow-green,

diffusely spotted with purple-brown, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 7-10 mm long

including the thick tail 2-3 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm to form a

sepaline cup, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, 6-9 mm long including the tail 2-3 mm long, 3 mm

cream with purple markings, suboblong, 2-2.75 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, (he apex broadly obtuse, with

the upper margin rounded or with a minute angle, and with a decurved, obliquely angled or truncate lobe

on the lower margin; lip purple, unguiculate, the blade elliptical, 15 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, the apex

rounded, the base above the claw with a pair of acute, retrorse lobules, the disc with a pair of lamellae

below the middle, the claw broad, 1 mm long, bilobulate at the base, concave, hinged to the apex of the

column-foot; column green, 3 mm long, with a marginal pair of descending, narrowly triangular wings

near the middle, the foot nearly equally long.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutucu, epiphytic in forest along the new road between

Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 18 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A. Jesup A A. Him 13977

(Holotype: MO). Napo: Rio Jatunyacu above Shandia, alt. 650 m, A. Him A S. Ortega 5373 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: between Patuca and Santiago, flowered in cultivation 24 Apr. 1990, FL Stevenson

91-424-1 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Putumayo: above Mocoa, alt 600-800 m, collected by J.M. Sema, Aug. 1977, flowered

in cultivation by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 23 July 1978, C. Luer 2957 (SEL).

This species occurs on the lower, eastern slopes of the Andes of southern

Colombia and Ecuador. Superficially, it resembles D. Simula, but D. cuspidata is

distinguished by the crested ovaries with the crests extending onto the carinae of the

lateral sepals; more caudate sepals; petals with an obliquely truncate lobe on the

lower margin of the apex; and the column with a pair of prominent, acute, descend¬

ing, toothlike lobes.

Dryadella dodsonii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named in honor of Calaway H. Dodson who discovered this species.

Inter species generis Dryadellae habitu parvo repenti, rhizomate ascendent!, foliis wgu.tmime

linearibus, pedunculo pedicelloque brevissimis, floribus parvis punctahs cum sepahs ca is e pe

brevissimis latissimis distinguitur.

Plant small in size for the genus, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome ascending, «»**«**•

between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, 2-3 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 th , .

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly linear, canaliculate, acute, 20-25 mm long, 2 1 '

gradually narrowed below to the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary *

peduncle up to 1 mm long, enclosed by a sheath,

red-brown^with the margins and veins ibelareral

sepals forTess thT lLl tofoSTa gaping sepaline cup, the lateralilT.

long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, contracted ^ ^ transversely

lower maigin at the base with a small callus; lip light brown, long-™*““J**’^i^alhbdow the

SSSSETi

column-foot: column slender. 2 mm long, longitudinally winged above in

[lender, 2 i

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: epiphytic in moss in Wo Palenque, 15

m, collected by C.H. Dodson, N.H. Williams & M. Whitten, flow^edm cm ^ ^ m , 2 Jan

Aug. 1991, CH. Dodson 18798 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 15527,

1992, C. Luer, A. Him et al. 15580 (MO). „ ^ M road between Cali and Buena-

COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Buenaventura, Quebrada Y^q^ros, oto roa

venture, alt 50 m, 9 May 1997, J.T. Otero A B. Angulo C. 1003 (CUVC, MO).

s in pluvial forest

ventura, alt 50 m, 9 May 1997, J.T. Otero A B. Angulo C. 1UVJ TV '< *

This little species, superficially resembling Onfall is

found growing in deep moss in lowland n0 J h * e ^™. , b ^ the repeI , ti ascending,

exceedingly great. Dryadella dodsona .s tw0 mllim^rs wide. The

suberect to erect habit with suberect, slender leaves

164

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm tc

long, 2.75 mm wide, the apex obt

above the deflexed base; petals t

d form a sepaline cup, the lateral sepals broadly ovate, oblique, 4.5 mm

--1-- with a few purple spots, obliquely subsagittate, 2 mm long.

suborbicular, 2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, acutely deflexed near the middle.the apex rounded, minutely

denticulate, the base above the claw with a pair of short, retrorse angles, the disc shallowly sulcate, the

daw slender, 1.5 mm long, bilobulate at the base, hinged to the apex of the column-foot; column green¬

ish white, lightly spotted with rose, slender, 2.5 mm long, winged above the middle, the foot slender, 3

nun long.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Enana, Popayan, collected by R. Escobar, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La

Ceja, 5 Oct 1977, R. Escobar 1396 (Hdotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 1920.

This small species is known only from the collection made by Rodrigo Escobar

near Popayan in southern Colombia, and cultivated by Dr. and Sra. Robledo at La

Ceja. The species is identified by the very narrowly semiterete leaves, and broadly

ovate, obtuse sepals with tails about one millimeter long. Most distinctive are the

oblique, narrowly acute petals, obtusely angled on the upper margin, and with a

short, acute apiculum on die labellar margin. Also unusual in the genus is the long,

narrow column and even longer column-foot

Dryadella verrucosa Luer & Escobar, sp. nov.

Ely.: From the Latin verrucosus, “venucose,” referring to the blade of the lip.

Species haec D. simulae (Rchb.f.) Luer similis, sed sepalis late ovatis dense pusticulatis ecaudatis et

labelli lamina dense verrucosa differt

obtuse, obtusely angled on both upper margin below the apex, witl

margin; lip brown, long-unguiculate, rigid, the blade elliptical’, diffusely v

margins, acutely deflexed near the middle, 3.25 mm long 2 5 mm w

c with a low rounded pair of diverging calli

^ 1 . Ant,< ?“ ia: Munic. of Cocoma, epiphytic in cloud forest near Rio Cocoma, alt. 2000 m, 2

May 1984, C. User, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E.Valencia 10091 (Holotype: MO).

This distinctive species is known only from the original collection made in the

Central Cordillera of Colombia. Although related to the variable and widely dis¬

tributed D. Simula , this species is recognized by the pusticulate leaves and sepals.

The sepals are broadly ovate, obtuse, and shortly acuminate but tailless. The petals

of the two species are somewhat similar. The blade of the lip of D verrucosa ,

however, is diffusely and markedly verrucose

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHES

Lepanthes cloesii Luer, sp. no^

Ety.: Named for Patrick Goes of H

Species haec L. nautilus Luer & Escobar similis

anguste elongata differt.

is elongatis negris et appendice

PERU: HuHnuco: Caipish Mountains, alL 2800 m, 1997, flowered in cultivation in Hassell, Belgium, by

P. Cloes 980-929 (Hciotype: MO), C. Luerillustr. 19060.

This Peruvian species of series Elongatae subsection Lepanthes is similar to the

Colombian L. nautilus. Both species are characterized by broadly elliptical, obtuse

leaves far surpassed by a loose raceme of large, concave flowers with acuminate,

tail-like apices of the sepals. The upper lobes of the black petals of L. cloesii are

elongate, narrow and curved forward to protrude from the sepaline cavity. The

blades of the lip are pubescent, oblong and convex. They cover the column above

the middle because the short connectives are connate to the column near the middle.

The slender appendix is in contact with a forked process within the stigmatic cavity.

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, forest at alt. 900 m, collected by E. Olmos, culttv

Cerro Punta, 15 Nov. 1998, C. Luer 18975 (Holotype: MO).

The flower of this species, apparently endermc m iiffers

that of L. confusa, which is known from Costa Rica to Qnnpndix Vegeta-

in glabrous sepals and a nanw My of the by

tively, however, differences are marked. Lepanthes c nf ^ apex 0 f a

the long peduncle that bears the very congested raceme near y

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

167

e close alliance of L. ligulata.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-8 cm long,

enclosed by 5-6 long, tightly fitting, microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 5 cm long, 1 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 5 mm long.

Inflorescence a lax, successively several-flowered raceme, up to 4 cm or more long, borne by a filiform

peduncle 9-20 mm long, in front of the leaf; floral bracts 1.5-2 mm long; pedicel 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5

mm long; sepals light yellow, carinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, 4.5 mm long, 2

PERU: Amazonas, Mirador, collected by Cordelia Head, Oct 1995, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton,

CT, 31 May 1997, C. Luer 18507 (Holotype: MO).

This species, discovered in the northern Peruvian department of Amazonas, is

closely related to L. ligulata of central Bolivia. Lepanthes glossites differs in the

much longer ramicaul with a few, long sheaths, and a larger, narrowly elliptical

leaf. The raceme is laxly flowered instead of congested, and the sepals are merely

acute, not acuminate. The lip and column are very similar except that the gynos-

temium of L. ligulata is proportionally larger and arcuate, protruding beyond the

blades of the lip.

PERU: San Martin: Hnallaga, valley of Rio Apiaoncbo, alt. 3600 m. 12 Aug. 1965. A.C. HamiUon A

r.m. nouigan 1260 (Holotype: MO), C. Lueri

This species, apparently endemic in central Peru, is characterized by a small,

ovate leaf that is conspicuously shorter than the dark, densely cihate-s ea

ramicaul that bears it. The flowers are borne in a short raceme behind the leat-

sepals are acuminate; the lobes of the petals are subquadrate and about equal in

and the lip is circular and incised anteriorly into two lunate lobes.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Lepanthes laevis Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin laevis, “smooth” referring to the sepals, petals and b

Species haec L. fimbria tae Ames & C.Schweinf. affinis, sed petalis et laj

n sheaths. Leaf suberect, coria-

a long, 2-2.2 mm wide, the base

:essively many-flowered raceme, up to

mm long, on top of the leaf; floral bracts 2 mm long;

iiy 3 mm long; sepals yellow, carinate, the dorsal sepal broadly elliptical to

a long, 2.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the

lateral sepals ovate, oblique, subacute, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 1 mm; petals pale

orange, glabrous, transversely bilobed, 1 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the upper lobe broadly

oblong, obtuse to subtruncate, 2.5 mm long, 2.75 n

15 mm long, borne by;

pedicel 2-2.5 mm long; <

suboibicular, obtuse, 3.5

dorsal the stigma ventral

s Maduro, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 1

This species, known only from westernmost Panama, is closely related to L.

fimbriata which is found from Mexico to Panama. Vegetatively and florally they

are similar, but the petals and blades of the lip are smooth and totally glabrous. In

addition, the blades of the lip are adherent over the entire length of the column. The

connectives, body and appendix are similar.

orphology of the floral parts.

_. .. - -------—s slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-8 cm long,

enclosed by 13-15 light brown, minutely ciliate, lepanthifoim sheaths with dilated orifices. Leaf erect,

mr "'™ --- * — ■ :e, 25-43 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, the base

jested, successively few-flowered raceme, up to

a peduncle 10-30 mm long, along the dorsum of the leaf; floral bracts 1.5

orange, purple at the base, glabrous, t _ _ _ _ _

incmverf* 6 rcduce ?. to °' 1 ^ U P orange,*glabrous, widely bilobed, 1.5 re

sinus th u UI70Undmg the column ’ ^ apices free, 0.25 mm long, with a small, spherical appendix in me

e e connate to the base of the column; column 1 mm long, anther dorsal, stigma ventral.

^ l • CT - 19

Vegetativdy, this species does not seem unusual, but each of the floral parts is

unusual. The dorsal sepal is reflexed with the denticulate margins recurved a short

tance above the broad base. The lateral sepals are triangular, denticulate and

-1- V? bel0W middle > 311(1 recurved above the middle whereupon they become

rinv n, KK° nC ^ e ‘ J*? petals stand erect with the lower lobe reduced to a

with Km m ^ similar t0 1,131 of some species of subgenus Brachycladium

shalinu/1 A- e ^ panded lateral lobes surrounding the column. Anteriorly, the Up is

a ^ of ° veriappin8 ***• with a minute ' round -

170

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHES

Fig. 21a. Lepanthes ridicula

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

171

PleurothaUis brighamella Luer, sp. nov.

PANAMA: Without coUection data, cultivated by Maduro’s Tropical Flowers at Cerro Punta, 18 Nov.

1998, C. Luer 19005 (Holotype: MO).

This is very closely related to the frequent and widely distributed P. brighamii.

It is distinguished from the latter by the minute habit; smaller, red-flecked sepals;

and a column devoid of calli.

COLOMBIA: Nariiio: without exact locality, collected by Jose L™ Aguirre, cultivat y

Oidiid. M Eaton, CT. 19 1998. C. Luer 1S824 (HotMype: MO).

This Utile species is apparently endemic in southern Colombia. The Dower is

borne successively in a fascicle by a slender peduncle twice or mote

leaves The shortly acuminate sepals are minutely cannate-denticulate. The petals

are obliquely obtuse with minutely erose margins. The lip is elliptical with i

serrate iLghis. A longitudinal pair of carinae join above the base tofom aThnged

crown-like cavity. A large, pedunculated callus is present on either side of the

column-foot.

172

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis displosa Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek displosus, “spread out,” referring to the elongate 1

a long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly elliptical, acute, 4-6 cm long including an indistinct

petiole 1-1J cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflores-

n long including the

lin, tubular, 2-3 mm

im long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals membranous, glabrous, low-

dorsal sepal obovate, subacute, concave, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide,

. oblong-ovate, bifid lamina with acute

long, 2.75 mm wide, 6-veined; petals translucent light yellow with orange veins, obovate,

oblique, acute, dilated on the labellar margin, 2.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, 2-veined; lip bright orange,

and basal thirds, the apex rounded with the margins cellular, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of

long, fugacious below; pedicel:

carinate,)

3-veined,

apices, 61

PANAMA: Codfe El Valle del Ant6n, alt. ca. 1000 m, collected by George Kennedy, flowered in culti¬

vation, 20 Oct. 1981, C. Luer 6533 (Holotype: SEL).

This species, known only from a Panamanian collection by Dr. George Kenne¬

dy, is closely related to the common and widely distributed P. corniculata. The

habit of the two species is similar, a tuft of elliptical, shortly petiolate leaves. In¬

stead of producing but one long-pedicellate flower (occasionally followed by a

second) as with P. corniculata, the inflorescence reaches 12 centimeters or more in

length, about half the length consisting of an elongating, disheveled, successively

many-flowered raceme. The pedicels are four to five millimeters long, less than

half the length of the pedicels of P. corniculata. The flowers are similar, but the

petals of P. displosa are narrower and acute.

1, epiphytic, long-repent, up to 10 cm long, tl

ramicauls, enclosed try 2 tubular sheaths; roots pr '

long, enclosed by a tubular sheath. Leaf erect, <

long, 4-5 mm wide,» *

1 mm long. Inflorescence a successive, 3- to 4-flowered raceme, ca. 5 mm long including the peduncle

2 mm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract infundibular, 1 mm long; pedicel 1 mm long;

dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, 5.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,

at ^ base, narrowly oblong^vate, acute. 6 mm long, 1.25

long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined,

apex, 3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide,

half, the carina bifurcated above the base, _

purple, minutely ciliate, thickened al

petals oblong, 2 mm

narrowly ovate, narrowly rounde 1 ‘

the disc longitudinally carinate o

Hzirres ’ alon S to San Cristobal, ca. 1867, A. Endres 555 (Holotype: W),

This small species, collected by Endres in the nineteenth century and identified

by someone other than Reichenbach as P. sertularioides (Sw.) Spreng., was found

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

pedicel 8-9 mm long; ovary 3 n

ovate, acute, 5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals <

ovate, oblique, acute, 5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; petals b]

attenuate, 4 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined; Up blackish red, elliptical-oblong, 3.25 m

wide, with the maigins microsc

basal thirds, the apex rounded, 1

hinged U

rostelluu

VENEZUELA: Without collection data, obtained from Dunsterville by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, culti¬

vated in Ludow, VT, by Darrin Morton, 6 Sept. 1999, C. Luer 19229 (Holotype: MO).

This species, obtained by J & L Orchids from Dunsterville, has been cultivated

for many years by Darrin Morton at Mountain Orchids. A member of subgenus

Specklinia section Muscosae, it is distinguished by a well-developed ramicaul, and

a sparsely flowered raceme that slightly surpasses the leaf. The few, successive

flowers are widely separated and borne on long pedicels. The sepals and petals are

acute. The lip is oblong with a thickened, rounded apex, a pair of minute, marginal

lobes, and a pair of basal lobules.

Pleurothallis omissa Luer, sp.

roots slender. Ramicaul

. Leaf erect, coriaceous,--— r

into the base. Inflorescence a congested, 2- to 3-flo

, arching peduncle, 15-20 mm long, slightly thicker tov.-- -------

ong, from the apex of the ramicaul at the base of the leaf; floral bracts 2

-1.25 mm long; sepals fleshy, g

s, the dorsal sepal oblong, obtuse, —— --

connate i mm to the synsepal, the lateral sepals suffused

oblong,obluse, .honl?bifid Wb5-5.1i-long.3.5

brown, elliptical, acute, minutely fimbriate, 3 mm long, 1 mm w » lon g j mm wide,

red-purple, fleshy, ovate-trilobed, unguiculate, broadly rounded * ^ rounded,

with the margins minutely serrate, with the lateral lobes below the miume

retrorse, the disc shallowly concave between a pair of low feng, the foot 1

unguiculate, bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column sieno ,

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Rio Casiquiare, alt. ca. 500 ft, collected by D. Patrek, Aug. 1963. G

Dunsterville 794 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19178.

This species is apparently endemic in lowland,

region of So Casiquiare where the Rfo Orinoco connects

It was illustrated by Dunsterville but it was not mcon» Vegetative iy, the

Orchids Illustrated, possibly because of its sumlarrty raceme by a

two species are similar with a short, crowded few ^ ^ ^ conslder .

considerably longer peduncle. The dorsal sepal of J * omissa is obtuse and as

ably shorter than the synsepal, while the dorsal sepal • decarve d from

long as the synsepal. The margins of the sepals o ^ minutely fun-

near the middle, and the margins of the petals o ll. inde( j sides below the

briate. The lip of P fockei is acute with erect, broa y ^ retrorse ,

middle, while the lip of P omissa is broadly rounded at the apex, an

marginal lobes below the middle above the unguiculate t>ase.

178

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 24a. PleuiDthallis displosa

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALUS

179

Fig. 29a.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Pleurotha llis syringodes

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF ADDENDA

AND MISCELLANEOUS NEW SPECIES

Dracula carlueri 135,138 - Fig. 113.

Dracula olmosii 136,138 - Fig. 114.

Dracula schudelii 136,138 - Fig. 115.

Dracula terborchii 137,138 - Fig. 116.

Diyadella acuminata 159

Dryadella aurca 159

Diyadella butcheri 160

Diyadella cuspidata 160

Diyadella dodsonii 161

Diyadella dressleri 162

Diyadella fudisii 162

Diyadella pachyihiza 163

Diyadella rodrigoi 163

Diyadella vemicosa 164

Lepanthes abitaguae 139,144 - Fig. 293.

Lepanthes aprina 139,144 - Fig. 294.

Lepanthes privigna 143,146 - Fig. 302.

Lepanthes ridicula 168,170 - Fig. 21a.

146,146 -Fig. 303.

146,146-Fig. 304.

148.155 - Fig. la.

148,155-Rg. 2a.

149,155 - Rg. 3a.

Masdevallia doiisiae 149,155 • Fig. 4a.

150,156-Rg. 5a.

150,156-Rg. 6a.

151.156 - Fig. 7a.

nea 151,156 - Rg. 8a.

1,157 -Fig. 9a.

153,157-Fig. 10a.

ma 153,157-Rg. Ill

1,157-Rg. 12a.

s cloesii 165,169 - Rg. 14a.

sconfusoides 165,169 - Fig. 15a.

s dactylina 166,169 - Rg. 16a.

167,170-Rg. 18a.

167,170-Rg. 19a.

141,145-Rg. 297.

Pleurothallis coronula 171,178 - Rg. 23a.

Pleuiothallis displosa 172,178 - Rg. 24a.

Pleurothallis endiesii 172,178 - Rg. 25a.

Pleurothallis fustifera 173,179 - Fig. 26a.

Pleurothallis garciae 173,179 - Rg. 27a.

Pleurothallis manunillata 158,158 - Fig. 13a.

Pleurothallis mexiae 174,179 - Rg. 28a.

Pleurothallis nortonii 174,179 - Rg. 29a.

Lepanthes hydrae 141,145 - Fig. 298.

Lepanthes jostii 142,145 - Fig. 299.

Lepanthes laevis 168,170 - Rg. 20a.

Lepanthes marshana 142,145 - Rg. 300.

Lepanthes portilla 143,146 - Fig. 301.

Pleurothallis omissa 175,180 - Rg. 30a.

Pleurothallis puipurella 176,180 - Rg. 31a.

Pleurothallis syringodes 176,180 - Rg. 32a.

Pleurothallis tomentosa 177,180 - Rg. 33a.