SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

FOREWORD

Part One contained the 100 species attributed to subgenus Polyantha at that

time. Part Two contains about another 100 species in four sections of subgenus

Masdevallia and the subgenus Pygmaeia. As one of ten subgenera, subgenus

Masdevallia consists of the majority of the species of the genus. A key to the

subgenera and sections has been given on pages 8 and 9 of Part One. Eight sections

of subgenus Masdevallia are presently accepted. Section Amaluzae has been

removed to subgenus Pygmaeia.

The five species that have been added to subgenus Polyantha are included at the

end of Part Two. To keep the work current, these pages are numbered to place them

in alphabetical sequence within the section; that is, page 105a can be removed, if

desired, and inserted between pages 104 and 105 of Part One. This maneuver is

accomplished simply in the loose leaf edition, but care should be exercised in

removing pages in the glue-bound edition. Further additions are inevitable, hence

the present format with text on the odd-numbered page and the illustration on the

reverse, the even-numbered page. The pages and plates of Part Two are numbered

as continuations of Part One, beginning with page 265 and Plate 133.

Replacement pages with changes in text or keys will eventually be included.

These pages will retain the same number but with an exponent ( ' ) to indicate that

it is the first change to that page. The page it replaces should be discarded. A page

with the exponent ( ” ) will indicate that it is the second change to that page. Most

changes will not be printed until the final part.

Because of the growing number of species described in Masdevallia, it became

evident that a fifth part would be necessary, unless parts two, three and four were

increased to cumbersome volumes one-third heavier and thicker.

Patient proofreaders of Part Two have been Mrs. Amy McPherson, and Mr. and

Mrs. H. Phillips Jesup.

Additional species for Part One:

Masdevallia brachyantha Schltr., sect. Polyantha, page 227a, to precede page 227.

Masdevallia ingridiana Luer & Portilla, sp. nov., sect. Alaticaules, page 105a, to

precede page 105.

Masdevallia mallii Luer, sp. nov., sect. Alaticaules, page 115a, to precede page 115.

Masdevallia prolixa Luer, sect. Alaticaules, page 155a, to precede page 155.

Masdevallia venus Luer & Hirtz, sect. Alaticaules, page 207a, to precede page 207.

New taxa included in Part Two:

Masdevallia polita Luer & Sijm, hybr. nov.

Masdevallia pyknosepala Luer & Cloes, sp. nov.

Abbreviations of the names of authors are in accordance with Authors of Plant

Names, R.K. Brummitt & C.E. Powell, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1992.

Abbreviations of the names of herbaria are in accordance with Index Herbarior-

um, P.K. Holmgren. N.H. Holmgren & L.C. Barnett, New York Botanical Garden,

1990.

Abbreviations of the titles of publications are in accordance with Botanico-

Periodicum-Huntianum (BPH), G.H.M. Lawrence, A.E.G. Buchheim, G.S. Daniels

& H. Dolezal, Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, 1968.

The illustrations are selected from a large accumulation of evolving styles made

over a 25 year period. Some of the earliest illustrations have been discarded. Those

illustrations inked by Stig Dalstrém since 1992 bear his initial-logo beneath my

initials as the illustrator.

Masdevallia misasii

SYSTEMATICS

MASDEVALLIA

PART TWO

CONTENTS

Masdevallia hoeijeri Frontispiece

Subgenus M, lli 265

Key to the sections 266

Section Coriaceae 267-368

Section Dentatae 369-378

Section Durae 379-400

Section Reichenbachianae 401-430

Subgenus Pygmaeia 431-514

Index 515-518

Additional species for Part One follow page 518

Masdevallia hoe

Cordillera de]

photo by Alexander C. Hirtz, four times natural size.

ijeri Luer & Hirtz, Province of Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador,

Condor, altitude 1500 meters above sea level, 28 May 1988,

a re ee Te ee ee ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 265

MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS MASDEVALLIA

Masdevallia subgen. Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 396, 1842.

Type

: Masdevallia uniflora Ruiz & Pav.

Ety.: Named in honor of José Maciinvall. dian St, £ Chact of Spain.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Epes Veith, Man. Orch. PI. 5: 17, ea

Type: Masdevallia uniflora Ruiz & P.

Ety.: From the genus oe sex the Greek eu-, “‘true,”’ indicating the secti taining the

true Masdevallia

Plants very small to large, weak to robust, Since to shortly or long-repent; roots few to many,

slender to coarse or fleshy. Ramicauls ascending to erect, rarely descending, slender to stout, shorter

than the leaf, partially or ciadieinte rice by 2- 3 imbricating see el inflor rescence eme rging

laterally from near ~~ a e or nent the mi id - Leaf erect in relatio e 1, thinly to thickly

coriaceous, elliptical to narrowly elliptic obovate, the ; APEX acute, :_ bien to

rounded, shallowly hone the apex, the base broadly to narrowly Inflores-

cence a solitary flower, or a successively few-flowered raceme, lax or sins longer o1 or + shorter than

the leaf, the peduncle slender to stout, short or long, round in cross section, shaggy-scabrous in one spe-

cies, with 1-3 bracts; eee bract thin; pedicel ectien to stout, —— or shorter than ea floral bract;

ovary smooth, carinate to verrucose, trivalvate with the ribs smooth to carinate: se sepals membranous to

nae ees ioe colored, snot th to weenoee oF pubescent within, ein wid aia Sea to

btuse, vari ually tails

shat are — subelavate petals thin to coatilia heat, sally longitudinally callous, with or iiea

producing a process or tooth on the labellar half or margin, at or above the base: lip thin to thick, simple,

oblong, ovate to sees the apex acute, obtuse to rounded, smooth to verrucose, with or without a

callus, entire or denticulate, the disc smooth or with a pair of fk te calli, the base truncate to

cordate, hinged on the end or beneath; column semiterete, the anther ventral, more or less hooded, the

apical margins of the column entire to lightly toothed, the rostellum in e, the pollinia 2, the —

ventral, the base of the column developed into a column-foot with the apex of the ovary, with an in-

curved extension to which the lip is attached.

Although subgenus Masdevallia is characterized by a variety of combinations of

features, all eight sections share the following characters in common: a single

flower which, in many species, is followed by a second; smooth ovaries that are

more or less shallowly sulcate between the carpels; and sepals connate for varying

distances from above the base to near the apex to form a sepaline cup or tube of

various shapes. The callus on the labellar half of the petals is extremely variable,

even sometimes absent. The lip is simple, commonly with a longitudinal pair of

low calli, and the base is hinged to an extension from the tip of the column-foot.

Vegetatively, the sections are largely inseparable except for the small habit of

section Triotosiphon. The peduncle of sections Coriaceae, Masdevallia, and Trio-

tosiphon is always single-flowered. A second flower often follows the first in the

other sections. The callus along the labellar margin of the petals of sections Denta-

tae, Masdevallia, and Minutae is more or less well-developed, with a protruding or

retrorse process. The petals of sections Coriaceae and Reichenbachianae are cal-

lous in varying degrees, but without a protruding process.

Sections Durae and Racemosae exhibit characters that could place them in

separate categories, but they are retained here until future research suggests other-

wise. Section Durae is retained for its similarity to section Coriaceae, and section

Racemosae is retained for its similarity to subsection Coccineae.

266 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SECTIONS OF

SUBGENUS MASDEVALLIA

1 ee long-repent; inflorescence a loosely flowered raceme; lateral sepals tail-

sect. Racemosae

i Sage abbreviated

2 Inflorescence 1-flowered 3

2’ Inflorescence 2-flowered or successively flowered 7

3 Petals without a protruding process 4

3’ Petals with a protruding process 6

4 Sepals deeply connate into a tube constricted above the middle

sect. Triotosiphon

4’ Sepals not connate into a constricted tube 5

5 Lip thick, verrucose at the apex sect. Coriaceae

5’ Lip thin, smooth or microscopically verrucose at the apex

sect. Reichenbachianae

6 Petals with a small callus above or along the margin between the middle and

basal third sect. Minutae

6’ Petals with a well-developed, protruding, marginal process

sect. Masdevallia

7 Petals with 2 distinct or 2 joined, descending, basal processes.......... sect. Dentatae

7’ Petals without 2 descending, basal processes

8 Sepals thickly rigid; lip thick, verrucose at the apex, with basal concavities............

sect. Durae

8’ Sepals not thickly rigid; lip thin to thick, smooth or microscopically verrucose at

the apex, not with basal concavities 9

9 Petals with a small callus above or along the lower margin between the middle and

basal third

9° Petals simply callous with or without a low, marginal callus

sect. Reichenbachianae

sect. Minutae

See ee ee

) PT A Oe ee ee ae SY

Sty se rt toe) Shae seks een

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 267

Masdevallia subgenus Masdevallia section Coriaceae Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n. $4

1: 240, 1874.

Type: Masdevallia coriacea Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 257, 1845.

Ety.: eae ~ Latin coriaceus, ‘‘leathery,”’ referring to the texture of the leaves and possibly also

the flow

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. nso eee Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 15, 1878.

Type: Masdevallia leontoglossa Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 69, 1855

Ety.: From the Greek eae ‘lion tongue,” referring to the rough, tongue-like lip.

This large group of about 40 interrelated species is treated as one of eight sec-

tions of subgenus Masdevallia. It is characterized by thickly coriaceous leaves that

are more or less similar except for the pendent leaves of M. caesia and long-

petiolate leaves of M. torta. The inflorescence is single-flowered; the flower is

often malodorous; the peduncle is terete; the Ovary is smooth; the sepals are thick,

fleshy, variously connate into a cup or tube, and often verrucose within; and the

petals are cartilaginous without a prominent, descending process, but the labellar

margin is often obtusely angled. The lip is thick, more or less oblong and undivided

by lateral folds (with rare partial exceptions), and the obtuse apex is verrucose (also

with rare exceptions). The base of the lip is more or less cordate with the basal

lobes often concave and possibly nectariferous.

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SECTION CORIACEAE

M. aequatorialis Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. pardina

M. aequiloba Regel = M. civilis

M. angulata Rchb.f. Plate 133.

M. atahualpa Luer Plates 134, 135.

M. atroviolacea Kraenzl. = M. mooreana

M. belua Koniger & D.D’ Alessandro Plate 136.

M. bilabiata (Kraenzl.) Garay = M. platyglossa

M. bogotensis hort. ex Gentil = M. coriacea

M. bonplandii Rchb-f. ......Plates 137, 138.

M. bourdetteana Luer Plate 139.

M. bruckmuelleri Lind. & André = M. coriacea

M. burfordiensis hort. = M. angulata

M. cacodes Luer & Escobar Plate 140.

M. caesia Roezl Plate 141.

M. campyloglossa Rchb.f. Plates 142, 143, 144, 145.

M. campyloglossa subsp. ortgiesiana (Rolfe) Luer = M. campyloglossa

M. civilis Rchb.f. & Warsz. Plate 146.

M. colossus Luer Plates 147, 148.

M. coriacea Lindl. Plates 149, 150.

M. coriacea subsp. ci ee (Rchb.f.) Luer = M. bonplandii

M. deorsum Rolfe =

M. dermatantha Saeed. = = M campyloglossa

M. elephanticeps Rchb.f. & Warsz. Plate 151.

M. elephanticeps var. pachysepala Rchb.f. = M. pachysepala

M. ellipes Rchb.f. = M. peristeria

M. endotrachys Kraenzl. = M. bonplandii

268 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

M. fertilis Kraenzl. = M. campyloglossa

M. foetens Luer & Escobar Plate 152.

M. fractiflexa Lehm. & Kraenzl. Plates 153, 154.

M. fragrans Woolward Plate 155.

M. gargantua Rchb.f Plates 156, 157.

M. gerlachii Kéniger = M. macroglossa

M. haematosticta Rchb.f. = M. peristeria

M. heterotepala Rchb.f. = M. campyloglossa

M. hoppii Schltr. = M. pachyantha

M. hylodes Luer & Escobar Plate 158.

M. hystrix Luer & Hirtz Plate 159.

M. leontoglossa Rchb.f. Plate 160.

M. lilianae Luer Plate 161.

M. macroglossa Rchb.f. Plates 162, 163.

M. macrura Rchb.f. Plate 164.

M. maloi Luer Plate 165.

M. melina Koniger & Meza = M. lilianiae

M. metallica Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. caesia

M. misasii Braas

Plates 166, 167.

M. mooreana Rchb.f.

M. murex Luer

Plates 168, 169.

Plate 170.

M. ochracea Burbidge = M. coriacea

M. ortgiesiana hort. ex Rolfe = M. campyloglossa

M. oscarii Luer & Escoba .Plate 171.

M. pachyantha Rchb Ff. . ..Plate 172.

M. pachyantha var. hoppii (Schitr.) Kraenzl. = M. pachyantha

M. pachysepala (Rchb.f.) Luer....... -Plate 173.

M. pardina Rchb.f. . ...Plate 174.

M. peristeria Rchb,f. ... -Plates 175, 176.

M. peristeria subsp. haematosticta Rchb f. = M. peristeria

M. picea Luer

TUSMCOSEOS EDS Here eenececRseeereceson

M. platyglossa Rchb-f. ...................

...Plate 177.

Plate 1 78.

M. porcelliceps Rchb.f. = M. macroglossa

M. porcelliceps var. sulphurea Kraenzl. = M. bonplandii

. reflexa Misas, not Schltr. = M. misasii

M. rufolutea Lindl. = M. picea

M. sanctae-rosae Kraenzl.

Se eew wrens eee

Tht WE PEOU ECS SEPSIS ENSNE CNN@ kOe e Fee Kedeoae eked Kee eaexa

....Plates 179, 180.

Plate 181.

TEE SORAE CSRS CAEN NRCS CCUR CMOS 6 Sue wenbe beheld beace bes

Plate 182.

M. spilantha Koniger

M. stercorea Kéniger = M. rigens

M. sulphurea Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. bonplandii

M. sumapazensis P Ortiz

M. torta Rchb.f.

M. uniflora H.B.K., not Ruiz & Pav. = M. bonplandii

M. velifera Rchb.f.

URESSMECSVRSD ERS CCC SU DESO F Erb weeteews ey

ENOL I Te nS SSR SE Reena bias Sw esskwushatvesmsi viene slaneeias oovces 2...

Sey Pareto ston te Meh feee HEREC HORROR snus chine ToreWe ies andeneeeal sieae

Foe tee [oer a Teen ee te ONS NP RAGS RON res Gnemigeeenienae eel aia

AKO CPPVOS PENSE Mer Tel eeeensecsabeceeee ce

Wikiekcocs' Plate 183.

danebereesis Plate 184.

Ra eee Plate 185.

eee Plate 186.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 269

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1 Leaves pendent M. caesia

1’ Leaves more or less erect 2

2 Leaves dark green, long-petiolate; sheaths and floral bract inflated............ M. torta

2’ Not the above combination 3

3 Peduncle horizontal or descending 4

3’ Peduncle ascending, suberect, or erect 9

4 Lateral sepals acute or acuminate, more or less tailless 5

4 Lateral sepals contracted into tails 6

5 Lip with basal lobes concave M. macroglossa

5’ Lip with the base convex M. campyloglossa

6 Lateral sepals with tails longer than the blades M. mooreana

6’ Lateral sepals with tails no longer than the blades 7

7 Flower green; lateral sepals with tails ca. 2 mm long M. platyglossa

7 Flower colorful; lateral sepals with tails more than 2 mm long 8

8 Sepals ca. 6 cm long; petals with 3 purple stripes M. angulata

8’ Sepals 4-5 cm long; petals with 1 purple stripe M. leontoglossa

9 Lateral sepals triangular 10

9’ Lateral sepals distinctly or indistinctly narrowed into a thick or thin tail............. 12

10 Lateral sepals semiconnate, spotted M. sumapazensis

10’ Lateral sepals free nearly to the base 11

11 Sepals 5-6 mm long, obtuse M. sanctae-rosae

11’ Sepals 10-22 mm long, acute M. campyloglossa

12 Lip constricted below the middle 13

12’ Lip not constricted below the middle 14

13 Synsepal acutely deflexed beyond the tube M. misasii

13’ Synsepal arcuate beyond the tube M. mooreana

14 Lip constricted below the apex, widened above the middle 15

14’ Lip elliptical, oblong, obovate, ovate 19

15 Lateral sepals obtuse, contracted into tails; lip with apex thickly verrucose..........

M. murex

15’ Lateral sepals acuminate into tails; lip with apex echinate or scabrous............. 16

270 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

16 Sepals with tails ca. 1 cm long

M. cacodes

16’ Sepals with tails more than 3 cm long

17 Sepaline tube small, 6-7 mm wide

M. foetens

17° Sepaline tube large, 14-15 mm wide

18 Petals constricted below middle

M. oscarii

18’ Petals not constricted below middle

19 Lip tricallous or trilobulate at the tip

M. hystrix

19° Lip not tricallous at the tip

20 Sepals less than 6 cm long

20’ Sepals more than 9 cm long

M. fractiflexa

M. colossus

21 Sepals less than 5 cm long including the tail

21’ Sepals more than 5 cm long including the tail

22 Leaves semiterete, less than 10 cm long

M. semiteres

21’ Leaves more than 10 cm long

22 Peduncle more than 10 cm long

22’ Peduncle less than 8 cm long

M. coriacea

23 Sepals with tails shorter than the blades

23° Sepals with tails as long as or longer than the blades

24 Lip twice as long as the column

24° Lip not twice as long as the column

M. macroglossa

25 Lip deeply cleft at base, broadly channeled above

M. lilianiae

25’ Lip not deeply cleft at base .

26 Sepaline tube elongate, constricted above the middle

M. civilis

26’ Sepaline tube broad and short

27 Leaves less than 2 cm wide; lip 4-5 mm wide

27° Leaves more than 2 cm wide; lip 9 mm wide

M. bonplandii

M. bourdetteana

28 Sepals with tails longer than the blade.....

28’ Sepals with tails as long as the blade ..

M. spilantha

29 Sepals straight, thickly rigid; lip deeply concave at the base

29” Sepals with narrow, recurved tails; lip not deeply concave at the base

teers

M. hylodes

30 Peduncle more than 10 cm long

...M. rigens

30° Peduncle less than 10 cm long

Oererereeees

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

31 Sepals 9-10 cm long

afi

M. colossus

M. macrura

31’ Sepals 15-18 cm long

32 Sepals 10-11 cm long

32’ Sepals 5-10 cm long

33 Sepals with slender tails

33’ Sepals with thick tails

M. fractiflexa

34 Sepals deeply connate with tails no longer than the synsepal......

34’ Sepals with broad tails much longer than the synsepal.................

35 Lateral sepals deeply connate, acutely deflexed beyond the tube

35’ Lateral sepals not acutely deflexed

M. elephanticeps

M. pachysepala

kevalitad M. velifera

36 Lateral sepals deeply connate beyond the tube

36’ Lateral sepals not deeply connate beyond the tube

37 Petals with an obtuse callus on lower margin; lip three-striped....

37° Petals without an obtuse callus; lip not with three stripes

suits M. fragrans

38 Sepals connate into a broad, cylindrical tube

M. gargantua

38’ Sepals connate into a short, campanulate tube

39 Lip broadly and deeply sulcate

M. pachyantha

39’ Lip not broadly and deeply sulcate

M. belua

40 Lip with a pair of deep recesses at the base

40’ Lip with narrow recesses above the base

M. atahualpa

M. maloi

41 Leaf rigidly conduplicate basally; sepaline tube narrow

41” Leaf coriaceous, not conduplicate basally; sepaline tube broad

42 Peduncle 5-6 cm long; leaf 2.5-3.5 cm wide

42’ Peduncle less than 3 cm long; leaf 1.5-2.5 cm wide

M. pardina

43 Petals oblique, more or less unguiculate

M. peristeria

43’ Petals elliptical

M. picea

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

272

Masdevallia velifera Rchb £.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 23

Masdevallia angulata Rchb. f., Otia Bot. —— 1: 15, 1878.

Ety.: From the Latin angulatus, “ angled,” referring to the mentum of the sepaline tube.

Syn.: Masdevallia oe hort., Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 28: 346, 1900.

Ety.: Named for Burford Lodge where the plant was cane by Sir Trevor Lawrence.

Plant large, ys ot ei oo or terrestrial, caespitose; roots co Ramicauls stout,

erect, sangre 3-6.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf ae © suberect, mage

coriaceous, 8-18 cm hice — the ri A cm long petiole, the blade ite gor, 2.5-3.5 cm wide,

the sei obtuse to rounded, the base cuneate into the stout, channele d pe ; hadlaaneeeass a mesh

large, fleshy, foul-smelling a es by a suberect to horizontal or descending peduncle 2.5-6 cm

ong, from low ract loose, tubular, 12-15 mm long; pedicel 2-3.5 cm long; ovary

5-8 mm long; dorsal sepal yellow to orange, dotted and suff oe long,

19 mm wide, connate - ane lateral a for 14 mm to form a broad, cylindrical tube, the free portion

triangular with the acute apex contracted into an erect to antrorse, slender ail 20-37 mm long; lateral

—— heavily spotted ~e site 6 with dark red-purple, a vertucose within, ovate, —— 38-

m long, connate 27-30 mm into a lamina 35 mm wide, formi ga a rounded mentum with the

pease foot, the triangular free portions contracted into slender ‘ails 15- 23 mm ies: peta cream

colored with 3 purple veins, elliptical, ng 15 mm long, 5 mm wide, with a low, longit

along the lower margin; lip heavily and diffusely dotted with red-purple, cartilaginous, elliptical, 1 18 mm

long, 8 mm wide, the apex obtuse, verrucose, the disc sc lightly sulcate, the base subcordate with shallowly

concave basal lobes, hinged on the end; column white with purple margins, semiterete, 6 mm long, the

foot equally long with a short, incurved extension.

without pons cultivated vd Sir Trevor Lawrence,

Burford Lodge, England, 6 Nov. 1900, F

5.n. (BM, K, type of M. Hiptaoiets old road

between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. 2000 m, 5

Feb. 1963, C. H. Dodson & L. B. Thien 2232 (GUA,

MO, SEL); terrestrial on the road embankment

os Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. 2100 m, 17

Aug. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 563

ae epiphytic in cloud forest above Mindo, alt.

00 m, 11 Nov. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

4723 (SEL). Imbabura: cloud forest between Otava-

r & A. Hirtz 3939 (SEL). Manabi: summit of

=e alt. 600 m, E. Besse et al. s.n. (SEL).

COLOMBIA: Paice west Andes of Tiiquerres,

28 (K, NY); Junin, above Ricaurte

alt. 1500 m, co ant by R. Seket, cultivated at

Colomborquideas, June 1984, R. Escobar 3213

(MO).

This large, fleshy-leaved species, first

collected by Consul Lehmann over a

century ago, is relatively common and locally abundant on the western slopes of

northwestern Ecuador. It has recently been identified from neighboring southern-

most Colombia. Plants grow well in the soil of steep road embankments as well as

in the loose humus or among rocks beneath the trees on which they also grow.

Plants often aggregate into huge masses and produce simultaneously dozens of

malodorous, meat-colored flowers. The heavy, fleshy flowers are borne more or

less pendently on short peduncles. The rigid, fleshy sepals are connate into a broad,

cylindrical tube, and the free portions are contracted into comparatively slender

tails, those of the lateral sepals being shorter than the blades. The petals are thick

and obtusely angled above the base. The lip is large, oblong and verrucose.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

274

Plate 133. Masdevallia angulata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 275

Masdevallia atahualpa em ati aap 7: 102, 1982.

Ety.: Named in honor of the Inca emperor Atahualpa who died at the hands of the conquistadors in

what is now Cajamarca, Peru

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect to suberect, 3-5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, thic ckly coriaceous, 15-22 cm long includ-

ing the petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade oblong, ao 3-3.7 cm wide, cuneate below into the stout pe-

tiole. Inflorescence a large, solitary, rigidly fleshy flower borne by a stout peduncle 3-4.5 cm long, with

a thin bract at the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 22- 28 mm long; pedicel 25-40 mm long;

igh :

yellow tail 30-35 mm long; lateral sepals green, heavily suffused with dark purple to near the apices,

sometimes to the omni minutely nares within, obliquely obovate, 25- 27 mm 7 connate 16

mm into a lamina 23-25 mm wide expanded, t : w-green tails

a. 25 mm long; petals cream- colored w idvein, 1, cartilaginous, Shiota dad obtuse, 12

long, 4.75 mm wide, obtusely nae on both

thickened margins near the middle; lip thick, deep

purple, obovate, 14 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, the apex

rounded, verrucose, denticulate, the disc broadly

ate ae en oblique calli above the middle and

cee

oa Sa

argins, semiterete, — mm —_— the foot 7 mm long

a an incurved exten

PERU: Amazonas: near “La ee ” collected

by J. Meza, 27 tin 1980,.C. E . Luer, W.

K6éniger & H. Kéniger 5429 (Goines: SEL; ai

type: K); same collection, cultivated at Colombor-

quideas, 11 May 1985, C. Luer 11340 (MO).

This large species was collected by

collector Jorge Meza somewhere in the

department of Amazonas in northern Peru.

The collection was represented by a

number of large plants that produce large

flowers with varying degrees of purple

suffusion on the blades of the lateral se-

pals, reminiscent of the larger flowered M.

elephanticeps of the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia.

Vegetatively indistinguishable from

other large species of the section, M.

atahualpa is characterized by the peduncle

about the same length as the ramicaul and

the stout pedicel it bears. The sepals are

fleshy, glabrous externally, minutely

pubescent or subverrucose within, and

with the blades connate into a cylindrical

tube. The lateral sepals are dark purple

with stout, yellow tails about as long as

the blades. The elliptical petals are fleshy-

thickened along both margins. The large

lip is obovate and deep purple, channeled

centrally to the verrucose apex. Plate 134. Masdevallia atahualpa

276 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 135. Masdevallia atahualpa

‘

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 277

Masdevallia belua Kéniger & D’ Alessandro, Die Orchidee ne 142, 1993.

Ety.: From the Latin belua, ‘“‘a monster,”’ referring to the size of the flow

Plant large, ee So roots coarse. aerogaid oe, crrets to suberect, 4-7 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loo: ore or less inflated, tubular sheaths. thickly coriaceous,

11-17 cm _ iaclodiu an indistinct ‘ome. the blade ae, obtuse to rounded, 3-4 cm wide, cu-

neate below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary, malodorous flower borne by a suberec

peduncle he cm long, with a bract n near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 3 cm fain

m to the lateral sepals to form a broad, cylindrical tube, the free portion triangular, the apex acute,

acuminate into a thick, purple tail ca. 4 cm long, the entire length 66 mm, the lateral sepals purple, ob-

lique, ovate, 18 mm wide, aan tapered into thick tails, the entire length 7 mm, connate 10 mm;

ese ars yellow with purple midvein, more or less oblong, acute, 13 mm long, 6 mm wide, both

argins with a thickened a between the middle si apical thirds; lip thick, i Saved dark pur

“e aie oblong, 15 mm long, 8 mm wide, the obtuse apex obsc scurely trilobed, verrucose, the disc cleft

between thickened halves, the base —— with a ie of deep, rounded recesses, hinged beneath;

—— white with thin purple emiterete, 11 mm long, the foot equally long, with an incurved

extension.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and

Zamora, alt. 2300 m, 16 Aug. 1990, W. — H.

Kéniger & D. D’Alessandro K-211 (Holotype: M;

pe K, QCA, Herb. H. Kéniger); between

Loja and Zamora, collected by E. Sdnchez, cultivated

by A. Andreetta at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer

13657 (MO); same area, alt. 2250 m, 17 Mar. 1990,

E. Dreise, D. D’Alessandro & H. Mendoza s.n.

(MO); same area, alt. 2300 m, 21 Jan. 1992, C. Luer,

J. Luer, P. Jesup & A. Jesup 16086 (MO).

This large species, apparently endemic

in southeastern Ecuador was first collected

y Dr. Eduardo Sanchez of Cuenca, and

cultivated by Padre Andreetta at Paute. It

is superficially similar to the sympatric M.

colossus. The sepaline tails of M. belua

are broad and deep red-purple. The petals

angled on both margins below an acute

apex are similar to those of M. colossus

and the smaller M. fractiflexa. The apex

of the lip of both the latter species is trical-

lous, while the apex of the lip of M. belua

is rounded and obscurely trilobulate. The

base of the lip of M. belua is cordate with

a pair of deeply concave recesses, similar

to those seen in M. bourdetteana.

278 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

¥ il " Pe ere

an awa Wailea b os =

See ee ae, ay el

Pate 136. Masdevallia belua

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 279

bake onan Rchb. f., Bonplandia 3: 69, 1855.

d in honor of Aimé Bonpland, co-discoverer of this species.

Se uniflora H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 361, t. 89, 1816, not = Pav.

Ety.: From the Latin uniflorus, ‘‘one-flowered,” referring to the habit of the plan

Syn.: Masdevallia — Lehm. & Kraenzl., Re epert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. - ca 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin sulphureus, “sulphur-colored,” referring to the color of the fl

Syn.: Masdevallia endotrachys Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 107,

Ety.: From the Greek endotrachys, “rough inside,” referring to oe verrucose lip.

Syn.: Masdevallia porcelliceps Rchb. f. var. sulphurea Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih.

34: 75, 1925.

Syn.: Masdevallia coriacea Lindl. subsp. bonplandii (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri

Bot. Gard. 16: 23, 1986.

edium in size, einen noi! — roots fleshy, coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect,

1.5-8 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loo bular sheaths. Leaf suberect to erect, thickly coriaceous, obo-

vate-linear to apna: (Poste ae 8-15 cm “alle 0. 7-1.5 cm wide, gradually narrowed below to

the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a stout, suberect to erect peduncle 1.5-8

long; pedicel 2.5-5.5 cm long; ovary 6-8 mm long; sepals rigidly fleshy, minutely short-pubescent with-

in, light green, dotted or spotted with purple along the veins, variously suffused with purple, the blade of

the dorsal sepal obovate, 12-15 mm long, 9-13 mm wide, connate 6-10 mm to the lateral sepals to form a

broad, cylindrical, sepaline tube, the apex subacute to obtuse, contracted into a thick, brownish tail 5-10

mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, connate 10-13 into a bifid lamina, 15-18 m m long, 13-18 wide

expanded, the apices acute to subacute, contracted into thick tails 4-10 mm lon ng; petals white with a

purple midvein, ee a= en ms bluntly <= — 4-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the labellar

margin thickened, with an obtuse angle between the middle and lower thirds: lip heavily suffused =

purple, o sbi siesecdeciaae. thick, 0. 16m m long, 3.5-4.5 mm a. shallowly channeled centrally betw

low, ier calli, the apex obtuse to rounded, verrucose, the base subcordate, hinged bseensie

a with purple margins, semiterete, 7-9 mm long, the foot 3-5 mm long, with an incurved

ied

ECUADOR: Carchi: “in subfrigidis regni Quitensis

prope Villa de Ibarra, Tulc4n, pontem Rumichaca et

mp F.C. Lehmann 479 (holotype of M. sulphurea:

W; isotypes: BR, G, W); same area, near San Ga-

briel, alt. 2750 m, 20 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer &

A. Hirtz 2640 (SEL); same area, alt. 2750 m, 13 Jan.

1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. & A. Jesup 15591 (MO).

in volcanic soil, around Tuza, El Puntal, alt. 2500-

2800 m, Jan. 1878, FC. Lehmann 6741 (holotype of

Penland & R.H. Summers 729 (AMES); Mt. Cot

cachi above Lake Ciucocha, alt. 3300 m, 11 Apr.

1956, E. Asplund 20248 (S); Laguna Cuicocha, alt.

pong Lago Cuycocha, alt. 11,200 ft., 23 July

, T. Plowman, C. Sheviak & E.W. Davis CS-830

ane Pichincha: Loma Tablarumi, between

Olmedo and Laguna San Marcos, alt. 3400-3500 m,

18 Dec. 1987, U. Molau & B. Eriksen 209] (GB).

COLOMBIA: Santander: Vetas, above La Baja, alt.

2900 m, 20 May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D.

=, Ee Or eee Salers ey eet gta

Sgege Teese tty aS Ra ON ea?

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

280

Pac

rege Go

a on

Plate 137. Masdevallia bonplandii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 281

Portillo 7879 (SEL). Boyacé: Paéramo Concavo, near de la Virgen de los Tunebos, alt. 3700 m, 6 June

1973, A.M. Cleef 10018 (AAU, COL); Paéramo Concavo above Hda. Esperanza, alt. 3750 m, 30 May

1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 7988 (SEL). Cundinamarca: P4 de Fusagasuga, alt. 2800 m, 31 Jan.

1881, EC. Lehmann 318 (W).

PERU: Cajamarca: near Celendin, collected by J. Meza, cultivated by B. Wiirstle in Spielberg, Germa-

ny, 25 May 1980, C. Luer 5245 (SEL).

Masdevallia bonplandii is little more than a variation of M. coriacea that grows

frequently as a terrestrial in paramos of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, but it is

much more widely distributed. It was first collected by Humboldt and Bonpland

nearly two centuries ago in northern Ecuador where it still grows abundantly in fully

exposed grassy hillsides. It was published as the M. uniflora of Ruiz and

Pavon, one of the few other species known in the genus at that time. Realizing the

difference, Reichenbach described the latter as M. bonplandii.

€ typical M. bonplandii is easily distinguishable from typical M. coriacea, but

intermediate forms are found throughout the range of M. bonplandii from eastern

Colombia to central Peru. Masdevallia bonplandii is usually smaller with narrower,

more or less semiterete, sulcate leaves. The peduncles of M. bonplandii are shorter

and the flowers are smaller, except that the petals and lips of the two taxa are about

the same in size and shape. The sepals of M. bonplandii are usually marked with

purple, either in heavy spots along the veins or in various degrees of suffusion.

Der oy OME beri ia! ee oe n “eee

ene ee, Le een ee Cea

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

282

Plate 138. Masdevallia bonplandii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 283

Masdevallia bourdetteana Luer, Lindleyana 9: 103, 1994.

Ety: Named for Wayne Bourdette of Oyster Bay, NY, who submitted the species for identification.

ant large, robust, presumably <cin caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls ae erect, 2 : : cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to paseo thickly coriaceous, 9-14 cm long

including the 1-2 cm rose petiole, the me ‘lliptical -oblong, 2-3 cm wide, the apex ius to pork

the base cuneate into the aH channeled petiole. Inflorescence a solitary, large, fleshy flower borne by

an erect to suberect peduncle 3 cm — from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tabular, sas m long;

pedicel 3-3.5 cm long; va 10 mm long; sepals thick, fleshy, glabrous externally, minutely ee

— within, the dorsal sepal dull a dotted and suffused with serene ovate, ae ong, 18

wide, connate to the ietexal sepals an 10 mm to oe a broad, cylindrical tube, the ee portion

triangular with the subacute apex contrac into an erect or antrorse, thick tail 20 mm long, the lateral

sepals eo os spotted and suffused with dark red- gino ovate, oblique, 30 mm long, 17 mm wide,

connate 10 mm, forming a deep, rounded mentum with the column- = the triangular free portions

contracted into thick tails 15 mm long; petals cream-colored with a thin le midveins, oblong, obtuse,

12 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, slightly dilated above the middle, slightly ye as centrally between the thick-

ened halves; lip heavily and diffusely marked with red-purple, cellular glandular, thickly cartilaginous

elli iptical, 13 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex broadly obtuse with a low, midline callus, the disc longitu-

equally long with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Without collection data, imported by J

L Sear from an unrecorded source, Sept. 1990,

cultiv n Oyster Bay, NY, Dec. 1993 by W.

Batten (Holotype: MO).

This large, fleshy-leaved species was

obtained from Ecuador with plants la-

belled M. colossus, but collection data are

unknown. Most likely it was collected in

the province of Zamora-Chinchipe where

gigantic specimens similar to M. fracti-

flexa are known. They are so similar to M.

colossus that they probably represent a

geographical variation.

Masdevallia bourdetteana most closely

resembles the well-known M. angulata. It

differs from the latter by the erect pedun-

cle, thick tailed sepals that do not form a

broad synsepal, and a deeply sulcate lip.

From M. belua, M. colossus and variations

of M. fractiflexa, it differs in the smaller

flower with much shorter tails, and the

sulcate lip.

284 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 139, Masdevallia bourdetteana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 285

aa ie cacodes Luer & Escobar, Selbyana 7: 70, 1982.

From the Greek kakodes, ‘“‘stinking,”’ referring to the malodorous flower.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, dark green, thickly coriaceous, 7-14 cm long Lens

an indistinct petiole ca. 2 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 1.4-1.8 cm wide, gradually

narrowed below to the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary, foul-smelling flower ee by a

suberect peduncle ca. 1.5 cm long, with a basal bract, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10-

11 mm long; pedicel 18-20 mm long; ovary 8-10 mm long; sepals fle shy, glabrous, purple with —

dinal, green veins externally, sar = es within, the dorsal scpat oblong, ism m long, 9m

wide, a he to the lateral sepals for 10 mm to broadly cine:

lar, the o apex produced into a stout, green, antrorse tail 15 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong,

connate 10m mm to form a concave, oblong lamina 15 mm long, 12 mm wide une xpanded, forming a

deep, rounded mentum with the column-foot, the a sens it deflexed, the acute apices

camtencisd into thick, green tails 10 mm long; petals crea h 3 prominent, longitudinal, purple

stripes, narrowly oblong, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, atiiecneme jong tories lly concave, the midvein

prominent externally, the apex rounded to truncate, slightly narrowed above the base: lip dark red-pur-

e, thick, verrucose, obovate, 7 mm long, 5 mm wide, the apex ee trilobed, the lobes obtuse,

g, the foot 5S mm long with a short, incurved extensio

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Carolina,

Tenche, Represa de Miraflores, alt. 1950 m, 11 Oct.

a — by O. J. Arango & G. Misas, cultivat-

ango at La Estrella, 25 hi 1977, €.Luer

pr cchaven SEL; Isotype: JAUM); Represa de

Guatapé, alt. 1800-2000 m, 1975, collected by O. J.

Arango & G. Misas, cultivated at La Ceja by M. &

Robledo, 19 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14279 (MO).

This species has been found growing

epiphytically in the thickly forested hills

around dam sites in the Central Cordillera

of Colombia north of Medellin, where it

seems to be restricted. It is accompanied

by M. foetens, also endemic to the area,

and the common and widely distributed M.

platyglossa, as well as numerous other

orchids native to the area. It was discov-

ered by two orchid enthusiasts: O. Arango

and G. Misas of Medellin.

The flowers are foul-smelling, similar

to those of its long-tailed relative M.

foetens. Both species are characterized by

cartilaginous petals with three prominent, longitudinal purple stripes, but lacking

any development of a tooth, and a lip markedly verrucose and three-lobed at the

apex.

286 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Le Ge Cor, ae

Plate 140, Masdevallia cacodes

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 287

Masdevallia caesia Roezl, L’Orchidophile 1: 599, 1881.

Ety.: From the Latin caesius, “lavender blue,” referring to the bluish color of the leaves.

Syn.: Masdevallia deorsum Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 8: 255, 1900; et Gard. Chron ser. 3, 28: 395, 419,

, aS deorsa.

re From the Latin adverb deorsum, “‘downward,” referring to the pendent habit of the plant.

M ll. & Kraenz| adi Spec. at pp Neg. Beih. 34: 70, 1925.

. From the Latin = phils

Plant large, ~~ — roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, descending, 2-3 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf pendent, thickly coriaceous, suffused ne bluish purple, especially

beneath, 12-45 c ice inlaing th = petiole 4-10 cm long, the blade narrowly obovate, subacute to

obtuse, 1.5-3 cm wide, y narrowed to the base. Inflorescence a large, solitary flower, borne by a

descending peduncle 2-5 cm long, ‘domed with purple, with a bract at the base, from near the base of the

ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10-18 mm long; pedicel 3.5-4 cm long; ovary 10-12 mm pe sepals dark

yellow, mottled and spotted with oe brown, the dorsal sepal ovate, 25-30 mm a -14 mm wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for 12 mm to form a cylindrical sepaline cup, the apex acute, poe

attenuated into a slender, orange ho 7-9 cm oe! oe bepiess <— Spreading, ovate, cliiaue e, 40-45 m

long, 14-15 mm wide, connate 16 mm to f men with the column-foot, the acute ain

gradually c contact into slender tails <a 4 cm ce aie coal white, oblong-obovate, acute, 13 mm

long, 5 mm wide, halves with a low, longitudinal Te the labellar margin obtusely angled; lip yellow,

diffusely spotted = purple, oblong, oe 18 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, spiculate-verrucose with den-

ticulate-fimbriate margins above the middle, the ee subcordate, the basal lobes concave, hinged be-

neath; column pale white, semiterete, 10 mm long, the foot 5 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Without locality, ne Soe Se by

F.W. Moore at the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin,

F.C. Lehmann s.n. (holotype of M. for ¢ K).

Cauca: . in humid forest between Quilichao [

Rio , near Cali, alt. 2000 m, 5 Mar. 1883, c "eh ‘5

F.C. Lehmann 2689 (holotype of M. metallica: BR; ; 4 aoe

isotypes: BM, G); Andes west of Popaydn, alt. 1600- Ny

2 ¢

}

bey

Pais

ies]

—

a=35

t=}

—

i2¥)

hes!

‘

—_—

batt

100 ’

Colomborquideas, 6 Apr. 1988, C. 3 13051 (MO). 5 :

Valle del Cauca: Saladito, near Cali, alt. 1700 m, H. a “i ;

Schmidt-Mumm s.n. (AMES). rai ™

Masdevallia caesia, perhaps the most distinct species of the genus, is infrequent

and endemic in the southern parts of the Western Cordillera of Colombia. Benedict

Roezl first found this fabulous species in company with Dracula chimaera (Rchb.f.)

Luer. In his article describing the account published in L’Orchidophile, Roezl de-

scribed the pendent habit with the large, bluish-green leaves, and compared the

plant to a species of Anthurium, and the color of the leaves to Selaginella caesia.

He aptly described the color as ‘‘blue-metallic.’’ Although the article is brief

without a description of the flower, there can be no doubt about the species of

Masdevallia in hand. Although Roezl mentioned that a few of the plants exported

to Europe survived, apparently no type-specimen was deposited in an herbarium

From a collection by Consul Lehmann cultivated at the Royal Botanic Garden in

Glasnevin, Ireland, Rolfe described the species in 1900 as Masdevallia deorsa.

Deorsum is an adverb meaning ‘‘downward”’ and cannot be declined. He failed to

mention the color of the leaves. The binomial was corrected in 1901 to Masdevallia

deorsum in Curtis’ Botanical Magazine, plate 7766.

Also from a collection by Lehmann this species was described by Krianzlin in

1925 as Masdevallia metallica. This time the unique color of the leaves was reflect-

ed in the name. Because the specimen had been mounted on the herbarium sheet

with the leaves erect, the remarkable pendent feature was not noted.

288 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

eee tien

Songs

tte a ee oe

NTP

F F;

if a]

£ >

if:

Plate 141. Masdevallia caesia

ror A

eee oe en ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 289

a campyloglossa Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 10: 588, 1878.

m the Greek oo “a bent tongue,” referring to the arcuate lip.

rie Masdevallia heterotepala Rchb. f., Flora 69: 561, 1886

Ety.: From the Greek her a “a different tepal (petal), ” referring to the petals.

Syn.: Masdevallia ortgiesiana b hort. ex Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 3: 48, 1895.

Ety.: Named in honor of Herr

Syn.: Masdevallia d. K 1., Repert. Spec. N v. Regni Veg. 17: 426, 1921

Ety.: From the Greek pn ag ‘a skinlike a ” referring to a quality of the sepals.

Syn.: Masdevallia sarcophylla Kraenzl., Bull. Misc 925.

Ety.: From the Greek sarcophyllon, ‘‘a fleshy leaf,” bere to the coriaceous leaf.

Syn.: oe fertilis Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 108, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin fertilis, “*fertile.”’ referring

Syn.: Masdevallia c rigiesiana (Rolfe) Luer, Ladienne 3: 21, 1988.

t fa} r fo} 7

Cod

mall to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, often

blackish, ~ " 5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths, often spotted with purple. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, indistinctly petiolate, 4-18 cm long inc luding the petiole 1.5-4.5 cm long, the blad ade narrowly

elliptical, acute to subacute, 0.8-2.3 cm wide, gradua ally narrowed below to the base. Inflorescence a

purple, with a bract near the base, from ea e the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5- “ mm long; pedicel

dotted with purple, 17-30 mm long; ovary d with purple, often blackish, 4-7 mm long; sepals tran a

lucent basen or # splat Mc dotted ik: i or purple along = veins and ete between

veins, ovate with acute, often lightly acuminate apices, 11-22 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, the dorsal we

connate to a tater sea for 3-5 mm to form a broad sepaline tube, the lateral se connate 2.5-4

rming a men with the column-foot; petals white, dotted with purple along the midvein, obo-

obtu

the base truncate to subcordate, inflexibly connate on the end to the pom column greenish

white, semiterete, 4-6 mm long, the foot 4-5 mm long with a stout, incurved extensio

COLOMBIA: without eee cultivated 17

June 1878, by Veitch 47 (Holotype: W); —-

locality, EC. Lehmann 3655 ee of M. hetero-

tepala: W); without locality or collector, sameaet) in

alt. 2200-2600 m, FC. Lehmann 7037 tholoype <i

M. fertilis: K; — BR, HBG); “Antioquia,”

2000-2500 m, F.C. Lehmann 7038 potions

“Medellin,” G. "Wallis 271] (W); near San Clemente,

collected Apr. 1982, cultivated at Colomborquideas 29

( : So ein Corresimient de Granada,

alt. 2200 m, 5 Aug. 1947, M. Schneider rae! (AMES);

oy Miguel near Sibaté, alt. 2800 m, 11 Oct. 1948,

M. Schneider 395 Santandercito, rth 1972, P.

Ortiz 420] (COL). Santander: near Virolin, collect-

ed May 1982, cultivated at Colomborquideas 29 Apr.

1984, C. Luer, R. Escobar et al. 10037 (MO), Putu-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 142. Masdevallia campyloglossa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 291

mayo: Santiago, alt. 2200 m, Nov. 1979, P. Ortiz 978 (COL). sia collection data: painting of M.

oe ssa by Woolward, tab. 12, 1896 (holotype of M. dermatantha).

ADOR: Carchi: epiphytic east of El Carmelo, alt. 2600 m, collected by A. Andreetta & A. Hirtz,

amet in Cuenca, 1 Nov. 1982, C. Luer 8788A (SEL). Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in forest near

Rio Calagras, alt. 1500 m, collected by A. Andreetta, cultivated in Cuenca, 7 Oct. 1979, C. Luer 4695

EL).

PERU: Dept. of Amazonas: near Pomacochas, alt. 2000 m, Aug. 1978, cultivated in Miinchen, W.

Koniger, H. Kéniger, B. Wiirstle & J. Meza K5b (K, M, MO, SEL, USM, W, Herb. H. KGniger), C. Luer

illustr. 5258.

This species is frequent in all three cordilleras of Colombia, becoming infre-

quent in Ecuador and Peru. It is variable in size vegetatively and florally, and also

in the shapes of the petals and lip, but the variations recognized as species are too

similar and intermixed in characters to be maintained. The peduncle with the soli-

tary, whitish, tailless flower speckled with purple may descend or ascend. The

petals are toothless, and the large, simple lip is more or less arcuate.

When Rolfe named a plant cultivated at Glasnevin for Herr Ortgies of Ziirich, he

compared it to M. striatella Rchb.f. (see Systematics of Masdevallia, Part One).

Disbelieving that the plants described by Veitch (Man. Orch. Pl. 5: 27) and

painted by Woolward (Monograph of the Genus Masdevallia) were the same as the

specimen described by Reichenbach as M. campyloglossa, Kranzlin described M.

dermatantha, basing his description upon Woolward’s painting and cultivated

material. An annotation label for M. campyloglossa in his handwriting is attached

to Lehmann 7039 at Kew, a collection of M. platyglossa.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

292

Tee te ee ee aS

<a =

ae eatiteetatr

235, Ss

Gass

“~.

Plate 143. Masdevallia campyloglossa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

293

Plate 144. Masdevallia campyloglossa

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

294

Plate 145. Masdevallia campyloglossa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 295

Masdevallia civilis corse f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2: 1 15. 1854.

Ety.: From the Latin civilis, “civilian

flowers (the color of eat en of M. militaris, which was oublished reed

asdevalli. Gartenflora 9: 82, t. 285, 1860

265 From the Latin ee ceenpeeey referring to the flower.

So e

medium in size, terrestrial or lithophytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-6

cm long, enclo ot a loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf dull green, erect to ape thickly coriaceous to

succulent, narrowly elliptical-linear, obtuse, 6-13 cm long, 0.9-1.3 cm ae ually narrowed below

into an indistinct, he ag oo . ree: base. Inflorescence a A i fleshy, malodorous

flower, borne by a stout, suberect pedu 1.5-2.5 cm ei —— with purple, with a bract at the

— from low on the polar 1; floral — tubular, 13-18 long; pedicel 15-18 mm long; ovary 5

m lon ng; sepals dull orl oie dotted and mottled with dull purple chick, fleshy, glabrous external-

“pe nutely verrucose-pubescent within, the _ of the dorsal sepal oblo g, 27 mm long, 11 mm wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for ie to form a cylindrical, slightly i 4 sepaline tube, the apex

triangular, subacute, contracted into a slender, erect, ye ellow- -green tail 7-14 mm long, the lateral sepals

name eae into o an oblong, bifid lamina ks igs long, 15 mm wide une i ag acmave ve basally an

the api cute

tails 5-12 mm long; petals white, marked wit red ‘purple, cipal 10 mm long, 4 mm wide,

with the apex obtuse, apiculate, both halves co broadly and obtusely angled near = ee lip

pinkish white, spotted with a oblong-obovate, 12 mm 4 59 6 mm wide, the disc heyinoia

the middle with a pair of low, converging calli, the apex broadly rounded, minutely dentclate, des

obtuse, with small ea recesses within elevated margins, hinged on the colum iii.

suffused with rose, semiterete, 8.5 mm long, with the foot nearly as long, with an “eco extension.

PERU: “sources of the Marafion,”” May 1853, J.R.

von Warszewicz s.n. (Holotype: W); ‘‘northern

Peru,” B. Roezl s.n. (W). Piura: terrestrial on rocky

slopes west of Huancabamba, alt. 0 m, Aug

“YW

‘

Dillon, U. Molau & P. Matekaitis 2818 (AMES, F).

This species was among a large shipment of mixed plants sent to England by

Warszewicz in 1853 for sale. Apparently, the flowers of these plants varied in color

and shape. A yellowish flower that was more or less broadly cylindrical in shape

led to the catalogue entry of M. rufolutea. From the same lot a more bulbous flow-

er, purplish below the middle, was described the following year by Reichenbach as

M. civilis. The latter was correctly illustrated and identified in Curtis’ Botanical

Magazine (t. 5476), but it appears that Miss Woolward’s painting in her monograph

is that of M. picea (M. rufolutea).

The yellowish flower alluded to as M. rufolutea was illustrated by Reichenbach,

and the illustration is included on the type-sheet of M. civilis. It is probable that it is

a common color-form of M. picea, but proof is lacking. Regardless, the name

rufolutea is a nomen nudum

Masdevallia civilis is apparently endemic in northern Peru where it grows terres-

trially on semi-arid, grassy, rocky slopes fully exposed to the extremes of heat in the

midday tropical sun, and chilly nights at an altitude of over 2700 meters above sea

level. The rigid, semiterete leaves reflect the habitat, similar to that of M. bonplan-

dii, M. coriacea, and M. rigens. The fleshy, short-tailed, more or less bluish-tinged

flower is borne by a short peduncle. The broad, sepaline tube is constricted above

the middle and dilated above the base with a broad, deep mentum.

296 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 146. Masdevallia Civilis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 297

Masdevallia colossus Luer, Bad nt yes 39: 193, 1978.

Ety.: From the Latin colossus, “ antic statue of antiquity,” in allusion to the size of the flower.

Plant large, epiphytic, rans roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect to suberect, 4-6 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular shea erect to suberect, thickly coriaceous, 10-18 cm long includ-

ing a petiole — 2cm hong, the blade elliptical, obtuse to rounded, 2. 5-4 cm — = below into

the channeled petiole. Inflorescence a solitary peduncle 4-11

cm long, with a fine near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral beast’ 2. 3 cm a sed tr stout, 4-6

cm long; ovary 10-12 mm long; sepals thick, fleshy, yellow _ dotted with brown, glabrous external-

ly, minutely pubescent within, the dorsal I sepal one, » 25° 35 mim | ong, 16mm — connate 12-13 mm to

a broad, cyli ute apex contracted

into a slender, brown tail 6-7 cm ‘long, the lateral

sepals ovate, oblique, 35-40 mm long, 13-15 mm

wide, connate 13 mm, the acute apices contracted

middle; ck ick, cartila os greenish, dotted with

dark purple-brown, the base subcordate with a pair of

shallow ‘‘nectaries,”’ hinged beneath; column light

green, semiterete, 10-11 mm ee the foot 8 mm

long, with an incurved extension

PERU: Amazonas: Molinopampa, collected by J.

Meza, cultivated by D. Richardson at Greentree,

Manhasset, NY, 24 Nov. 1977, C. Luer 2239 (Holo-

type: SEL); purchased by D. Welisch from J. Meza in

1974, cultivated in San Francisco, ms 12 July 1978, C.

Luer 2929 (SEL); Molinopampa, alt. 2200 m, Au

ra-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud

197

forest shee Valladolid, alt. 1700 m, Nov. 9,

collected by W. Teague, cultivated, 6 Dec. 1979, C.

Luer 4809 (SEL); between Loja ora, collect-

ed Jan. 1992, cultivated in Bristol, CT, by P. Jesup

(MO), C. Luer illustr. 19193

This large-flowered species was de-

scribed from a Peruvian collection by

Jorge Meza cultivated by Don Richardson

at Greentree, Manhasset, NY. Nearly

identical plants that resemble a gigantic M.

fractiflexa, with which it is sympatric,

occur in southern Ecuador.

The species is characterized by large,

thickly coriaceous leaves and a huge,

fleshy, light green flower borne by a stout

pedicel and peduncle. The sepals, flecked

with purple, especially along the veins, are

connate into a broad, cylindrical tube,

beyond which the sepals become narrowly

triangular and attenuated into elongated

tails. The petals are obtusely angled on

the lower margin. The lip is large and

verrucose at the tricallous apex. Plate 147. Masdevallia colossus

298 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 148. Masdevallia ioloeme

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 299

Masdevallia coriacea Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 257, 1

1845.

Ety.: From the Latin coriaceous, “‘leathery,”’ in reference to the thickly coriaceous leaves.

Syn.: Masdevallia ochracea Burbidge, Gard. Chron. 1421, 1871, nomen nudum

oe From the Latin ochraceus, ‘“‘ochre-yellow,”’ referring to the color of the flower.

AA. L PA (Lind. & André. Lind Catalog on 1873.

» NI. ee fu L ]

Ety. Of ricit Bruckmiiller 1 d th

Syn.: Masd is hort. ex Gentil, Pl. Cult. — fais Bot. Brux. 118, 1907, nomen.

Ety.: Named for the city of Bogot4, near the site of collectio’

d i l terrestrial, rarely epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots fleshy, coarse.

Ramicauls stout, erect, 4-8 cm long, aa by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coria-

ceous, narro wly obovate, obtuse, 10- 20 cm long including the petiole 2-6 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide,

narrowly: cuneate below into Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a stout,

suberect 0-24 cm long, oe or less spotted with ener with a ple near the base,

from low on the ramicaul; iat bract 1.5-2.5 cm long; pedicel 2: - 5. 5 cm long; ovary 9- 10 mm long;

sepals rigidly fleshy, minutely pubescent cae cream g the veins,

the blade of the dorsal sepal ovate, 20 mm long, 17 mm wide, connate 13 mm tot the lateral - to

selon skate sepaline tube, the apex subacute, contracted into a thick, greenish ta 15

mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, patie ey acute apices, connate 19 into a bifid lamina, 38 mm —

including the hick tails less a 10 mm long, 23 mm wide together; petals bot gem a parte apis

oblong, , 12 mm long, a = wide, the labellar margin thick

between the middle and lower thirds; lip greenish, oblong-obovate, thick, ue mm long, 7 mm wide,

shallowly channeled centrall y between low, regen calli, the apex obtuse to rounded, verrucose, the

gins, semiterete, 10 mm long, the foot 8

mm long, with an incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: ‘‘on rocks, near

Bogotd, at an elevation of 8,900 ft.’’ 1842, Th.

Hartweg s.n. (Holotype: K; Isotype W); an epiphyte

from the forests of Fusagasuga, alt. 7,200 ft.,

1842, J. Linden 1281 (BM, BR, G, K); Bogota,

Volador de Fuquena, alt. 8,400 ft., Karsten s.n. (LE);

without locality, Purdie 92 (K); Monts cee’ near

Bogoté, 8 Feb. 1854, 1.F. Holton s.n. (AM S, G);

2 pm de Bogoté, hills of Chapinero, as 1923,

G.H. Pring 216 (MO); oo east of Bogota,

{

’

een

Pg ~~. J

alt. 3200 m, 26 Nov. 1936, J. Renz 3599 (BAS); CG tt

north of Choconté, alt. 2700 m, 17 Ar 1955, J. Renz — ao

841] (BAS); Figuene, near Bogota, 800 m, June

a ee 7”

m, +" June 1939, J. Cu ine 5623 (AMES);

between Bogota and Usaquén, El Chicé, alt. 3000-

3100 m, H. Garcia-Barriga HIT (AAU, oo

Fosca a Une, alt. 2100-2430 m, 14 July 1962,

Garcia-Barriga 17465 (AMES, COL); Quebrada

Chicé, terrestrial, alt. 2660 m, 24 Apr. 1982, C. Luer,

Pablin, ae Guican, alt. 3550 m, 30 May 1982, C.

Luer, R. om r& D. Portillo 7985 (AMES, ee

Gn above La Baja, alt. 2900 m, |

May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo sae enna SEL); east of Bucaramanga toward Berlin,

alt. 3300 m, 7 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Esc obar & E. Valencia 10171 (MQ). Norte de Santan-

der; ape greens alt. 8,600 ft., Jan. 1847, L. Schlim 1437 (LD); Ocafia, 15 Mar, 1873, Bruckmiill-

er 44 (W). Repressa del Muna, alt. wed aia unknown, i at Colomborquideas, 4 Oct.

1977, C. Luer 1905 (SEL). Putumayo: een Laguna La Cocha and Paramo de Tabano, alt. 2800-

3000 m, 1 June see R. E. Schultes & M. Vilar 7833] (AMES).

ECUADOR: Zamo chipe: terrestrial in sub-paramo, Nudo de Sabanilla, collected by D. D’A-

a-Chin

lessandro, pense at Vilcabamba, 21 i 1986, C. Luer 12032 (MO).

ERU: Cajamarca: terrestrial above Celendin, alt. 2500 m, collected and cultivated in Putte, Holland,

by J. Schoonen, C. Luer 16966A (MO

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 301

This species is a locally frequent, terrestrial herb of grassy paramos of the East-

ern Cordillera of Colombia. It was first recorded by both Hartweg and Linden in

1842. Linden noted that it grew epiphytically in a forest near Fusagasuga, but that

is an uncommon occurrence.

Typically, the plants are large and robust with a stout peduncle nearly as long as

the thickly coriaceous leaves. The large, waxy, pale green flower is dotted with

purple along the veins. The sepals are connate into a broad, sepaline tube. The

petals are obtusely angled on the labellar margin. The large, thick lip is verrucose

at the apex.

A similar but smaller taxon with a much greater distribution has been described

by Reichenbach as M. bonplandii. The latter, possibly little more than a variation

of M. coriacea, is distinguished by narrower, semiterete leaves, usually a much

shorter peduncle, and smaller flowers often colorfully marked with purple.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

302

Plate 150. Masdevallia coriacea

ee ee ay et eS ey ae eet

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 303

Masdevallia elephanticeps Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2: 116, 1854.

Ety.: From the Latin elephanticeps, ‘‘elephant-headed,” in allusion to the immense flower.

Plant large, it caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-11 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, wg Seer 10-30 cm long including the petiole 3-9 cm

Hitec - tig —— obtuse, 2.5-5.5 c Inflores-

e, solitary, fleshy, ie pei flower borne by a stout, erect to suberect pedun uncle, 4-5.5 cm

aay ae a bract near the base, _ a loose, tubular, 3-3.5 cm long;

pedicel stout, 4-6 cm long; ovary 10-12 mm long; sepals fleshy, minutely verrucose within, the dorsal

sepal yellow-green, the blade eins ovate, abe: mm long, 21-26 m m wide, connate to the lateral

sepals for 17-20 mm into a broad, cylindrical, sepaline tube, the free portion triangular, with the acute

apex contracted into an erect, thick. eps sie 7 5-6.5 cm the lateral — ois to yellow-

green, variously einai within with red-brown to purple, connate 30-40 mm into a broadly seaete vas

lamina 40-50 mm , 32-40 mm wide, connate a the base e153 mm to the ep meal foot to form

mentum, the ier a gradually narrowed into thick, “seg tails 3-5 cm long; petals white wih :

purple midvein, cartilaginous, elliptical, acute, 14-16 mm long, 5.5-6 mm wide, oe thickened

on both halves, with an broadly obtuse angle on the he margin above the middle; lip dark purple,

thick, rigid, cane prin 17-20 mm long, a 10 mm wide, the ‘disc sulcate, ae above the

middle, the apex rou —~ spiculate, th recesses, hinged on

the end; column w as a purp argins, semiterete, 12-13 mm long, the foot thick, 11-15 mm long

with a short, stout, incurved La

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander, on oe of

Ocafia: between Ocajia and Pamplon t. 6,500

10,000 ft., 1850, J.R. von Warszewicz s.n. eae

Ocafia, Carder s.n. (W); Ocafia, Bruckmiiller s.n.

(W); kin ice locality, R. ‘Shuttleworth s.n. (W

P4ramo de Jurisdicciones, alt. 2600- m, collect-

ed by R. ou. July 1973, petra by M

Robledo at La Ceja, 28 Sept. 1977, C. Luer 1861

(SEL); same area, alt. 3150 m, 30 Apr. 1982, C.

J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7646 oe vo

de San Francisco, alt. 2900 m, 11 May 1984, C. Luer,

J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10277 (MO).

, Pilla

(

‘yr 4

This giant among the Masdevallias is

known only from high-altitude forests of

the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia where

it was first collected by Warszewicz.

Immense clusters of the huge leaves with

enormous, yellow and red-brown flowers

are still there. Plants reported by Leh-

mann from Santo Domingo near Medellin

in the Central Cordillera are without doubt

M. velifera. A photograph of M. elephan-

ticeps is reproduced on the cover of the

American Orchid Society Bulletin 42,

Sept. 1973.

Later from a different source, Reichenbach stated that he received from Wagener

a painting of a huge flower with long, broad tails and a flower preserved in alcohol,

neither of which are still present in Reichenbach’s herbarium. Assuming the flower

to be a thick-tailed variety of M. elephanticeps, he described it the same year as var.

pachysepala. An illustration of M. elephanticeps made from Warszewicz’s painting

was published on Plate 3 in the first volume of Xenia Orchidaceae in 1858, and an

illustration of var. pachysepala from Wagener’s painting was published on Plate 74.

A painting at K by Lehmann, ¢. 125, of his collection 6507 entitled *“*Masdevallia

megalosoma” most likely represents M. elephanticeps.

Syne.

Plate 151. Masdevallia elephanticeps

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 305

Masdevallia foetens Luer & Escobar, an tet 13: 157, —

Ety.: From the Latin foetens, “stinking the flower.

DI W 4

epiphytic lender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 1-2 cm

long, enclosed y 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, hele

cm oo including the petiole, 1.5-2.1 = wide, narrowly cuneate belo

, borne by a stout, erect to suberect peduncle, i 52

cm nti with a bract near the base, etm low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 12-15 mm long;

pedicel 10-12 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals fleshy, suffused with purple, spotted with purple with-

in, the dorsal sepal naerowly ovals, tha blade ca. 20m a lon ng, in mm wide, a to the lateral _

for 6 thick,

long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, ca. 20 mm long, 6 mm wide, connate 5 mm . the free poh

, acute, attenuate tails Seapiies to the vive of the dorsal “ay a

yellow, marked with purple i in3 rows, oblong, rounded at the apex, 5.5 mm long, 1.5 ongitu

dinally shallowly sulcate with the midrib thickened cxtecnaliy tip i or thick, wien -cruci-

form, obscurely 3-lobed above the middle, 6.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3.5 m rants across the lateral

lobes, the lateral arieiek curved, obtuse, the apical lobe 1.5 mm long jo wide, obtuse, v with the

h; column white, suffused with red, i aie 5mm

long, the foot 4 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Senge Repressa de

oe ‘*Tenche,”’ alt. 1950-2000 m, collected

by G. Misas and O. J Pi sche 11 Oct. 1975, cultivat-

ed by Anaee at La Estrella, R. Escobar 1072 (Holo-

type: JAUM); same as and oe 14 —

1975, cultivated by A o, 25 Sep 7, C. Lue

1842 (SEL); same area, _ eaiaied Eo rai 1988, C

Luer 13278 (MO); Repressa de Troneras, — Guada-

lupe, alt. 1850-1950 m, ree ae G. Misas, O. J.

Arango & C. Toro s.n. (JA EL): ication

“*Zulaibar,’’ alt. 1900- es m, ae Alvarez s.n.

(JAUM); above El Retiro, alt. 2400 m, collected by

Pacho et al., 9 May 1993, C. Luer 16732 (MO)

This unusual species is endemic in the

Central Cordillera of Colombia where it is

occasionally found. Vegetatively it is not

distinctive, but the odor of the flowers,

very unpleasant to humans, is distinctive,

no doubt attracting carrion-seeking flies.

The comparatively small, purple-spotted

flower with long, thick tails is borne by a

short peduncle. The oblong petals are

spotted with purple along the three veins.

The dark purple lip is three-lobed above

the middle with the apex verrucose and

obtuse.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 152. Masdevallia foetens

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 307

Masdevallia fractiflexa Lehm. & Kraenzl. in Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia

tab. 17, 1896.

Ety.: From the Latin fractiflexus, “‘flexuous, or zigzag,” referring to the reflexed tails of the sepals.

Pl ep’ Ramicauls stout, erect to suber-

ys ae cm mong enclosed is 2 3 loose, tui sheaths. Leaf erec erect to suberect, thickly coriaceous, 9-18

g, the blade elliptical, I ebacute to aera 1.5-3.5 cm wide,

| i nce a mal

th 1,

i Tous setae borne

4 ara a cobenect; ee i 2- 6 cm long, aoe a ‘bract near the base, pau k low h i floral bract

1.5-2 cm long; pedicel 3-5 cm lo a le 12 mm long; _— wai lesb light yellow- -brown to

light olive green, flecked with brow tely p within, the dorsal sepal

ovate, 15- mm long, 10 mm mening connate 8-10 mm to the | ties oes . is a broad, cylindrical

tube, the free portion triangular, the acute apex con-

tracted ke a slender, brown, commonly reflexed tail

3-6 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, lines 20-25

mm long, 8-9 mm wide, connate 8-10 mm, the acute f

q apices contracted into commonly reflexed tails simi- \

: lar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white to og 3 “ }

4 white, more or less oblong, acute, 9-10 mm long, 2-

: 2.5 mm wide, the labellar margin with an obtuse,

callous angle above the a ee eres aa

ginous, yellow-green, mar ith dark purple-

brown, oblong, 12-15 mm — ‘4. 5 mm we the

obtuse apex obscurely trilobed, verrucose, dark | ~~

purple-brown, the base subcordate with a pair of ey

shallow ‘‘nectaries,”’ Biase Pe eneath; or tad light ¥ *

green, semiterete, 8-9 mm long, the foot 4 mm long, rl es

with an incurved extension. of f

wae

Br i

“yf

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud c

forest between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1800 m, EC. \

; (MO, SEL); same area, B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui,

5 Feb. 1978, C. Luer 2460 (SEL); same area, alt.

2000 m, 1997, cultivated in Hasselt, Belgium, by P.

Cloes 200617 (M O). Morona-Santiago: forest

above Lim6n, collected by E. Sanchez, cultivated in

Cuenca by A. et 42 (SEL); Rio Calagras, alt.

1500 m, eollec by A. Andreetta and M. Portilla,

cultivated at i. May 1988, C. Luer 13663 (MO).

This large species, endemic in south-

eastern Ecuador, was first collected by

Lehmann. The fleshy, yellowish green

flower is flecked with brown. Typically,

the tails are recurved (not ‘‘fractiflex’’),

and occasionally they point forward. The

. petals are obtusely angled above the

middle of the labellar margin. The large

| lip is verrucose and tricallous at the apex.

Although not considered small, the

flowers of M. fractiflexa are much smaller

| that those of a similar, sympatric plant,

treated as an Ecuadorian population of M.

colossus first described from nearby Peru.

e shape, except for size, and color of the

sepals of the two taxa are similar, as are

the petals and lip as well.

Plate 153. Masdevallia fractiflexa

Plate 154. Masdevallia fractiflexa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 309

Masdevallia fragrans Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia, t. 18, 1896.

Ety.: From the Latin fragrans, “fragrant,” referring to the scent of the flower

Plant large in size, epiphytic, are ieee coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-8 cm long, en-

closed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. L ect, thickly Kanaceous, reset 8-24 cm long including

the petiole 1-5 cm long, the blade a tuse, 2-4 cm wide, cuneate below into the

channeled petiole Pig eee a solitary flower, borne by a stout, parker peduncle, 2-7 cm lon

with a bract at the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 2-2.5 cm long; pedicel fle cked

with purple, 2.5-6 cm long; ane green, 9-10 mm long; sepals light yellow . sa en yellow, dotted

with red-purple along the veins externally, fleshy, glabrous externally, the e of the dorsal sepal

ovate, Ser mm long, 18 mm wide, comnate be the lateral sepals for 14 mm to ae a broad, sepaline tube,

the apex subacute forwardly a yellow tail 4 cm long, the lateral sepals

ovate, ner ne 38 mm long, connate 28 mm to form a lamina 30 mm wide, forming a broad mentum

with the column-foot, the apices cgrinaaie contracted on descending tails 3 c m long, : similar to — of

oa sepal; petals yellow wit , cartilaginous, elliptical

th halves preity the labellar margin n callous, subacutely angled eee the

aie ‘lip yellow, thick, tlie pale aie 7 hapie! wide, the — broadly rounded, verrucose,

denticulate, the disc with 3 lo rown along the veins, the middle

callus thickest and verrucose at her apex, the base subcordate, hinged below; iia yellow with purple

margins, semiterete, 10 mm long, the foot dotted with purple, 7 mm long, with an incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Without collection data, probably

collected with M. elephanticeps in the old depart-

Woolw

same source, cultivated at i tad 1895, by ?

at gos nae 1895, by Sir Trevor Lawrence s.n.

(K) de Santander: between Abrego and Las

Jrisdccones, Cerro Oroque, alt. 3440-3750 m, 22

19 arcia-Barriga & R. Jarramillo

19714, 19827, 19830 (AMES, COL); epiphytic in

subparamo forest, Paramo de ae alt.

3150 m, 30 Apr. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar

& E. Valencia 7644 (AMES, SEL); same area, alt.

3150 m, 10 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar

& E. Valencia 10241 (MO

This species was discovered in the

orchid collection of the Marquess of

Lothian at Newbattle Abbey near Edin-

burgh, Scotland, by Miss Florence Wool-

ward, who, at that time, was painting por-

traits of the orchids as they came into

flower. Among plants of M. elephanticeps

collected near Ocafia and imported by Mr.

Bull, was this hitherto unknown species.

Miss Woolward’s painting and description were published in her monograph of the

genus in 1896.

The species had not been seen again until it was discovered in 1982 growing in

spectacular masses upon low-branching trees below the Paramo de Jurisdicciones in

the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, not far from Ocafia. Accompanying M. fra-

grans was M. elephanticeps, but in far fewer numbers.

Masdevallia fragrans is distinguished by the large, thickly coriaceous leaves

and a large, golden yellow, fleshy flower borne by a short peduncle. The flower is

similar to that of the smaller, usually terrestrial M. coriacea Lindl. Miss Woolward

noted a delicate fragrance, which is not exactly what we would have called it.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

310

Plate 155. Masdevallia fragrans

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 311

Masdevallia ‘gargantua Rchbf., Gard. Chron. .s., 6: 516, 1876.

Ety.: Named for of Gargantua and Pantagruel by

ais.

Plant large, robust, — roots coarse. sige trnd stout, erect, 4-9 cm long, enclosed by 2-3

loose, tubular t, thickly coriaceous, 10-20 cm long including an oe 2- . cm long

petiole, the blade alipteal chase. 2-3.3 cm wide, a apex obtuse to rounded, the base cuneate into the

long, from low on the ser nen floral bract tubular, 3 cm long; pedicel 5-6 cm long, spec with

purple; ovary 10-12 mm long; sepals thick, fleshy, skein externally, microscopically ae win

e dorsal sepal dull ie green, flecked with red-purple along the veins, obovate, the blade ca. 28 m

long, 20 mm wide, 3-veined, sage to the chewed iscsi for 17 mm to form a broad, cylindrical tube, be

t » thick , yellow- green tail 35 mm long,

the total le ength ca. 60 mm long, the lateral il flecked d with red-

purple, connate ovate 30 mm into an art bifid lamina 35 mm long, 30 mm wide, the apices acute,

saan into pie tails 25-30 mm long; petals ivory-colored with a thin purple midvein, ssi

subacute, 14 mm long. 5.5 mm wide, slightly dilated above the base, slightly sulcate centrally betw

je thickened halves; lip heavily and diffusely marked with red-purple on ivory, densely short- aca

bove the middle, thick. rigid, elliptical, 17 mm long, 8 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, the disc

sealievatky sulcate medially between thickened halves, the base subcordate, hinged on the end; column

greenish white with purple margins, semiterete, 10 mm long, the foot equally long with a short, incurved

extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: without locality, possibly

Frontino, 1876, flowered in cultivation by Messrs.

Veitch, G. Wallis s.n. (Holotype: W), C. Luer illustr. f

19399; without collection data, cultivated by Great h

Lakes Orchids, i — ders, Ltd. via Don ae: }

Richardson, flowered 5 Apr. 1979, C. Luer 4053 ‘ Nera,

(SEL); same ea poe ky Colomborquideas, “7

via “A > L Orhids 329-381, via Don Richardson, :

flowered 11 May on. C. Luer 11342 (MO); same 5 ~y

ain pers: by Malcolm Perry, England, flow- {

ered May 1992, C. Luer 16325 (MO). Without col- i = i yh

lection He obtained by Malcolm Perry from in, C

Bromesberrow Place, originally fr from Stuart Low in i he )

Sussex, atch by W. Kéniger, 25 Aug. 1989, C. ae =~ |

Luer 14419 (MO). a fi

The identity of this species has been in

nfusion since it was described in the

Gardners’ Chronicle in 1876 from a plant

cultivated by the Veitch firm in England. ~ A oe

Reichenbach states that ‘‘it was discovered be 7

in New Grenada (no doubt in the Frontino } ae

district) by M. Wallis, and has just flow- )

ered with Messrs. Veitch.”’ He also states &

that it is ‘‘somewhat like old Masdevallia 4

elephanticeps itself, though the flower Z

reaches only two-fifths of the size.” No other collection from the wild is known.

In her monograph The Genus Masdevallia, Miss Woolward treated the name M.

gargantua as a synonym of M. elephanticeps. She states that “‘the plant is now

grown in many collections of Masdevallias under the two names, the flowers being

always identical.’’ No doubt, she is referring to the true M. elephanticeps which

had been collected numerous times by several early collectors, because M. gargan-

tua is not known to have been collected again. A note by Lehmann in her mono-

graph states that the collection from Antioquia attributed to M. gargantua was

found near Santo Domingo. However, the large-flowered, foul-smelling species

found near Santo Domingo is now known to be M. velifera.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

312

- Civilis —

Plate 156. Masdevalli

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 313

Masdevallia gargantua cannot be synonymous with M. elephanticeps, because

the much smaller, dried flower has short tails, very different from the long, broad

tails of M. elephanticeps. Masdevallia gargantua cannot be synonymous with M.

velifera, because a sketch of the profile of M. gargantua reveals the sepals connate

into a straight tube. Although the peduncle of the type-specimen of M. gargantua is

comparatively short, the remaining vegetative and floral parts are compatible with a

plant of unknown origin that has been cultivated under the name ‘Masdevallia

civilis ‘Don.’

In 1957, the late Don Richardson at that time of West Orange, NJ, purchased

plants from Sanders Ltd., St. Albans. One plant was labelled M. gargantua, but

Richardson changed the name to M. elephanticeps. On 24 Feb. 1960, it was exhib-

ited at regional judging in NY and was awarded the clonal name civilis ‘Don.’

Another very similar plant cultivated by Malcolm Perry was obtained from the

nursery Stuart Low which no longer exists. The possibility of a hybrid origin had

been considered.

Vegetatively, the plants are large, similar to that of M. colossus or M. elephan-

ticeps. The fleshy flower is similar to that of M. colossus, although smaller with

much shorter tails. The sepals are dull, light green, more or less suffused with light

purple within, and speckled with purple along the veins externally. The petals are

elliptical without a protruding callus. The lip is also elliptical but densely short-

spiculate toward the rounded apex.

314

ketene ing, <6

Plate 157. Masdevallia gargantua

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 315

Masdevallia hylodes Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 13: 162, 1979.

Ety.: From the Greek hylodes, ‘‘woody,” referring to the texture of the flower.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 4-8 cm — enclosed by 2-

3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, , subpetiolate, arenas cm to inclu ding the petiole

2-3 cm long, ae blade elliptical, subacute to 0 tuse, 3- 3.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the channeled

petiole. Inflorescence a solitary, foul-s pire ieee: borne by phen erect peduncle, 6- er long,

with a bract at the base, from low on the = sci bract tubular, 2-2.3 cm long; pedicel stout,

spotted with purple, 5-5.5 cm long; ovary green, 10-11 mm long; sepals yellow, era doated ith

— in fleshy, rigid, glabrous screanernta ste red-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal

me, 42 mm long, 13 mm wi ide, connate to the lateral sepals for 11 mm to form a broad, sepaline tube

th to a stout forwardly directed, yellow tail ca. 1.5 cm 1 long, the lateral wee

aaeitl, oblique, 38 mm ing, connate 1 spread, 16

hy eet ]

foo t, the < acute apices acuminate coe

thick tails ca. 1.5 cm long; petals re with purple midvein and a oe dots, cartilaginous, elliptical,

obtuse, 9.5 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, both halves thickened, slightly concave centrally, the labellar

margin slightly swollen near the middle; lip yellow with coalescing purple spots, thick, obovate, 12 mm

long, 6 mm wide, the apex obtuse, verrucose, the disc shallowly sulcate, the the base subcordate with a

cavity on each side, hinged below; ae white with purple margins, semiterete, 8 mm long, the foot

equally long, with an incurved extension

COLOMBIA: Cauca: San Sebastian, Piramo de

Lehmann de Sarria & J. Kuhn 1899 (Holotype:

JAUM; Isotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 3055.

Only one large plant of this robust

species was discovered in a cold, subpar-

amo forest in southern Colombia in 1978.

To date it has not been collected again.

Growing nearby in shaded leaf-litter were

many plants of M. racemosa.

Vegetatively, M. hylodes is similar to

other large species of the section Coria-

ceae. The foul-smelling flower is borne

by a stout pedicel and pedicel about

midway the length of the leaf. The thickly

rigid sepals are greenish and flecked with

purple, and connate into a box-like flower.

The thick tails are acuminate continuations

of the apices of the sepals. No part of the

flower can be bent without fracturing. The

lip is obovate and subacute with a pair of

deep cavities at the base.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

316

soe

eek ta ade, F

a, PF a

oe Pete

ot eee Y

eee eet

TN fairs.

= es

Bos,"

is *s"

“ites

2% =

Plate 158. Masdevallia hylodes

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA aig

ee hystrix Luer & Hirtz, Die Orchidee 37: 139, 1986.

From the Latin hystrix, “ta porcupine,”’ referring to the markedly prickly apex of the lip.

Plant large, sea pag caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect to suberect, 3-7 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loo sodas sheaths. Leaf thickly coriaceous, subconduplicate, erect to

suberect, 12-21 cm = inclu neriondi distinct petiole 1-2 cm long, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 1.5-2.2 cm

peony , cuneate ee ee the aatidabe base. Inflorescence a large, solitary sei bome by a suber-

8 cm long, spotted with purple, hee a basal bract, from low on the ramicaul; floral

fost tubular, 2cm ee pedicel 4 cm long; ovary 1.2 cm long; sepals rigidly fleshy, sped green, suf-

o— with ee Seay olive — suffused wih dull brown between the veins internally, the

rsal sepal ov a. 25 mm long, 14 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 10 mm sake a is ad,

perm ik oe free oie teat with the acute tet apne mi a thick, es tail 4cm

long, the | = aera, nnligue, ca. 35 mm lo ong, i3m awe 10 mm, forming a deep

chin with the c n-foo! | cet 2. Scm long; sk white,

cartilaginous, cliptical- oblong, obtuse, 12 mm long, 4.5 mm ee ie labellar margin callous with a

low thirds; lip dark purple, thickly cartilaginous, eine

obscurely 3- lobed, 15 mm long, 7. = mm wide, the margins erose above the middle, ae mre fourth

contracted into a purple-black, thick te, obtuse, , the disc wit ue pair

of low, irregular calli, sulcate mediates te base deeply concave on the end, hinged beneath; column

white with purple margins, semiterete, 8.5 mm long, the thick foot equally long with a short, incurved

extension.

ECUADOR: Loja: epiphytic in tall ee Parqué

ae eon oe Cajanuma Range, alt. 2500 m

21M . Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W.

ei ; me ae MO)

This species is apparently endemic in

the tall forests of the Parqué Nacional

Podocarpus where it grows sympatrically

with M. citrinella and M. triangularis.

The leaves are thickly rigid, relatively

narrow, and subconduplicate. The flower

is borne about half-way by a stout pedicel

and peduncle. The sepals are dull green

with broad, purplish stripes. The sepaline

tube is broadly cylindrical with the apices

of the sepals acuminate into tails about as

long as the blades. The petals are ellipti-

cn and obtusely angled on the lower

gin. The most distinctive feature is the

thick. black, markedly echinate apex of the

lip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

318

Plate 159. Masdevallia hystrix

ame aA) re a et ee I ee ek Pee oe a

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 319

~~ leontoglossa Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 69, 1855.

.: From the Greek leontoglossa, “‘lion-tongued,”’ in allusion to the large, rough labellum.

Plant coarse, medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots thick, wid Ramicauls erect,

stout, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, more or less

mainiaiae or canted with pe cree cm long including the petiole 2-4 cm long, ae blade elliptical,

1.5-3.5 cm wid 1eate below Inflorescence a

solitary flower bome bya ese aaah ascending to desc: ending peduncle 1-2 cm lon ng, with a bract at

the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract lightly spotted with =~ tubular 10-12 mm long;

pedicel = mm long; ovary dark green, spotted with — ie mm long; stapes dull greenish, speck-

led and mottled with purple, glabrous, minutely pubescent- ose within, the blade of the dorsal sepal

aie ites 20-23 mm long, 13 mm wide, connate to cel food sepals for mm to form a broad,

non-ventricose, cylindrical, wes tube, the obtuse apex contracted into an erect, thick, greenish tail 2-

2.5 cm long, the lateral sepals connate 25 mm into a concave, cog, Tapa bifid lamina, — mm

long eae the tails, 20-22 mm wide, the free portions oblique, acute, contracted into thick ardly

directed tails ca. 1 cm long; petals white with hub midvein, parce ous, more or less erie

oblong, acute, 4 mm long, 4. 5 mm pai the labellar margin thickened with a broadly obtuse angle near

the middle; lip white, but 1 ered by red-purple warts oe elliptical-ovate, obtuse to rounded

at the apex, 14mm long, 7 mm w wide. the disc diffusely verrucose, the base thickened, subtruncate,

hinged below; column white, with a om , purple margin, semiterete, 10 mm long, the foot thick, 4 mm

long including a short, incurved extensi

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: near Rio Peri-

cos, H. igi a s.n. (Holotype: W). Without collec-

tion data, cultivated by Messrs. Veitch, W. Bull

(W); witho i tion data, cultivated Apr. 1890, at

Ocafia, gay 3 ~ 1882, New Plant and Bulb

Co., Lion Walk, Colchester, s.n. (W); epiphytic in

tall, dlp forest below Paramo de Jurisdic-

2600 m, 10 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar

& E. Valencia 10221 (MO).

Masdevallia leontoglossa was first

collected by Hermann Wagener, and a few

plants were cultivated in Europe in the

nineteenth century. The first to flower

was recorded by M. Linden in Brussels in

867. It is well illustrated in Veitch’s

Manual of Orchidaceous Plants, on plate

7245 of Curtis’ Botanical Magazine in

1892, and by Florence Woolward in her

Monograph The Genus Masdevallia of

1896

This large, coarse species occurs local-

ly and uncommonly at high altitudes (over 2600 meters above sea level) in primary,

cool to cold, moist forests of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. It grows on the

mossy trunks of large trees, often in company with M. hians, M. tubulosa, and M.

urceolaris, and where M. ignea grows terrestrially nearby in the deep humus.

Masdevallia leontoglossa is characterized by the strong habit, but with an infre-

quent, solitary, fleshy flower borne more or less pendently on a short peduncle. The

large, diffusely warty lip is readily visible within the sepaline tube. Nectar-like

recesses are present at the base.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

320

lcm

resetene MET Steer...

HL de rea.

wey roe a

‘ie

we BApeaees Se

Plate 160. Masdevallia leontoglossa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 321

Masdevallia lilianae Luer, Lindleyana 6: 90, 1991.

“— Named i in honor of Mrs. Li illian ue Severin (Lil Severin) of Cupertino, California, who

AA a Ws Te. éniger or Arcu la 5: 125, 1996.

a From the Greek melinos, “like roti referring to the color of the sepals.

Plant medium in size, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-4

cm a enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly — 8-9 cm long 4 a petiole

m long, the blade elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores-

cence a solitary flower borne by a stout, erect peduncle 1-2 cm i from low on the neat “

bract tubular, 2 cm long; pedicel 3.5 cm long; ovary 7 mm long; ata fleshy, rigid, glabrous, the dors:

sepal rose, lightly mottled with red, the ora obovate, ca. 18 mm long, 11 mm wide, connate to .

lateral sepals for 10 mm to form a broad, cylindrical tube, the apex subacute, — og a forwardly

directed, yellow tail ca. 18 mm long, the ee sepals ee a oblique 20 mm long, 10 mm

wide, connate 14 mm to form a broad, deep mentum with the mn-foot, the a ci triangular,

acute, — ea shenbincp vi os mm long; petals see yellow toward the apex, thick, oblong, 9 mm

long, 4mm dilated near the middle; lip dark purple

thick, bine . mm long, 6 mm w Moe the apex broadly ‘rounded, minutely verrucose and denticulate,

with a midline, verrucose canine the disc with a pair of thick, more or ear longitudinal and diverging

-* Seni) epee near the middle to form a broad, flat channel, nearly approximate at the base to

; column white, semiterete, 9 mm long, the foot

ne es mm ni with a stout, incurved extension.

PERU: Amazonas: without locality, obtained from

lo)

fa)

int

—

‘Oo

in”

clonotypes: K, UNALM, USM, Herb. H. KGniger)

Vegetatively, this species is indistin-

guishable from the other medium-sized

species of the section. Masdevallia lilia-

nae is characterized, however, by the short

peduncle and medium-sized flower with

relatively short tails. Most distinguishing

is the large, oblong lip that is deeply cleft

at the base between a pair of thick calli.

These calli separate toward the middle to

create a broad, flat channel.

Pen pal

322

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 323

Masdevallia macroglossa Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 15, 1878.

Ety.: From the Greek makroglossa, “a larpet ongue,”’ referring to the size of the lip.

Syn.: Masdevallia porcelliceps Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 19: 10, 1883.

Ety.: From the Latin porcelliceps, “like the head of a little pig,” referring to a bud on the plant.

Syn.: Masdevallia gerlachii Kéniger, Arcula 2: 38. 1994.

tv.: N. art Giinter G j L fh he en | = in

, who collected this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic to terrestrial, densely caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect,

stout, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, rigid, thickly coriaceous, 6-15 cm long

including the petiole 1 -3 cm pe the blade pe elena subacute to obtuse, 1.5-2.2 cm wide, cu-

neate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, ‘ascending to suberect

peduncle 2-3.5 cm long, with a pee near the base, fom cae on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 12-15

mm long; eons 20-32 mm long; ovary : s- 7 mm long; sepals pee i eh green, soe and dotted

le, 0-27 mm lon

with purple, minutely st ong

including om sal, 6-8 mm wide, te to the | 1 sepal for 6-9 t

sepaline tube, the apex gradually the f dly directed tail, the lateral id oblong-

ovate, pies 38h 20-25 mm long including the tails, each 7-9 mm wide, connate 8-10 mm to form a lami

m broad, and a de cep mentum with the column- ‘foot, pie fre a acute, acuminate into a

tails; fe white, marked g-obova te, acute, , 7 9 mm long, 2. 5- 3

mm wide, the labellar half thickened, wih an indistinct, b broadly obt

lip sai gece diffusely dotted with purple, thick, oblong, 11-12 aa long, 4. _ 3 ware : He the © apex

obtuse to rounded, verrucose, the disc longitudinally sulcate, the

halves, ene beneath; column ser white with a purple margin, semiterete, 6 mm sn the foot 5

mm long, with a stout, incurved extension

VENEZUELA: Aragua: = Colonia Tovar, 1854-

56, A. Fendler 1373 (Holotype: W, crude sketch;

Isotype K); near Colonia a July 1995, aie

at Tarporley, England, 18 July 1998, S. Manning

950755 (MO). Mérida: cloud forest above Mucuy,

alt. 2550 m, G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 565A (VEN);

betweeen El Molino and Canagua, alt. 2500 m, 6

June 1949, J. Renz 5436 (BAS); Canalejos, between

Edigo and Parama los Gonzales, alt. 3200 m, 2 May

1949, J. Renz 7 it ee de San Favier, alt.

2550 m, 5 June 1997, J. Schneider 616 (FR).

Tachira: sme eae and Bailadores, alt.

2500 m, 8 June 1949, J. Renz 5422 (BAS); between

Paramo Zumbador and Qurninquea, alt. 1800 m, |

July 1951, J. Renz 7224 (BAS); Péramo Zumbador,

toward Michelena, alt. 2600 m, 20 Nov. 1949, J.

Renz 6242 (BAS); Péramo de Tami, alt. 2300-2450

m, 22 May 1967, J.A. Steyermark & G.C.K. Dunster-

ville 98781 (VEN); Fila del Corozo, below Pico de

Naiguaté, alt. 2000 m, 6 Aug. 1966, B. Manara 83

(VEN). Trujillo: between Trujillo and Boconé, alt. oe?

2500 m, 8 May 1948, J. Renz 467] (BAS); above sel ie

Jajé, 2400 m, G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 565B (VEN);

Paramo de Gascamacal, alt. 1800 m, collected by G.

Gerlach, 1981, flowered in cultivation at M, Oct.

1993, W. ered WK29 (holotype of M. gerlachii:

M; isotype: VEN); C. Luer illustr. 19373.

LOMBIA: Norte de Santander: epiphytic in

scrub forest below Péramo de a alt.

— m, 10 May 1984, oe Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia ore (MO). Santander: epiphytic in

b vegetation east of Bucaramanga toward oa alt. 3200 m, 27 Apr. 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar &

" Portillo 7608 poeta SEL). Without collection data, cultivated Jan. 1882 by J. O’Brien s.n. (holo-

pe of M. porcelliceps).

aby is

{

bias

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

324

Plate 162. Masdevallia macroglossa

Pee eee ee SMM eee ee NT AC teoee wes

aki

ye Mie

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 325

This species, rather frequent in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and western

Venezuela, was first discovered in the coastal mountains of Venezuela by A. Fen-

dler about 1855. The holotype (Fendler 1373) at Vienna is merely a sketch without

collection data. An isotype at Kew was identified as M. porcelliceps by Rolfe.

Dunsterville’s illustration of M. macroglossa was erroneously identified as M. civilis

in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated with four valid species [M. fragrans, M. haema-

tosticta (M. peristeria), M. leontoglossa, and M. macroglossa] included in the

synonymy. A collection by Dr. Gerlach was published as M. gerlachii with an

inaccurate illustration.

Masdevallia macroglossa is characterized by thick, leathery leaves; a short,

peduncle that may ascend or descend; and a comparatively small, fleshy, malodor-

ous flower. The petals have an obscure marginal angle. The lip is proportionately

large (twice as long as the column), verrucose, and longutudinally sulcate with a

pair of presumably nectariferous concavities at the base.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

326

Plate 163. Masdevallia macroglossa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA PS |

a macrura Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 1: 240, 1

Ety.: From the Greek makrura, “large- or long-tailed,”’ in reference to the huge, sepaline tails.

Plant large, robust, epiphytic to lithophytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramic auls erect, stout, 8-11

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, inflated, tubular ths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 17-27 cm long

including the age 3-4 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 5-7. 3 cm wide, cuneate below into the

channeled petiole. Inflorescence a huge, solitary, rigidly fleshy flower borne by a stout, erect to suber-

ect peduncle, 18- 59 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from - remnicoul 6-12 cm above the base;

floral bract 2-3 cm long, loose 5-6 cm long; ovary 10-12

mm long; sepals purple, red-brown or yellow-brown, variously s suffused or marked with purple, glabrous

externally, verrucose within with the warts —e _ the dorsal sm oh = cm long, 2.5 cm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 cm into d, gaping, sepaline ree portion narrowl

tri acute, acuminate into a suberect, thick, poe tail 10-15 cm city a lateral sepals with

pantie rows of verrucae, connate 3 cm into a broadly ovate, bifid lamina 4 cm wide, the broad,

acute apices tata ted into leet y thick, ange abe tails ca 15 cm i iat _ ges cin

with purple, cartilaginous, subelliptical, 7 mm long, 2 wide, the apex narrowly tru

ly bilobed, aie and ssnsiasoies angled on the upper margin, ‘ciagiediaatiy: callous way the code

margin ending in an base; lip orange, dotted with purple, thick, rigid,

oblo ong, 73 mm | ong, 3.25 mm n wide, with the apex rounded, papillose, disc shallowly sulcate between a

longitudinal pair of verrucose calli, the base subcordate with nectariferous recesses within elevated

margins, hinged on the end; column yellow-white, semiterete, 7 mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm long with

a short, stout, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: on mossy rocks near

“ee 1871, B. Roezl s.n. (Holotype: W); ‘“‘Medel-

t .n. (W);

lia Alto de las Cruces, alt. 2600 m, collected by R.

Escobar, A. Mejia et al., cultivated by M. & O

Robledo “s La Ceja 21 Sept. 1977, R. Escobar 438

(JAUM, SEL), C. Luer illustr. 1931; Yarumal, road

to El Cedro, alt. 1850 m, 15 Mar. 1989, C. Leer, J.

Luer, S. Dalstrém & W. Teague 14160 (MOQ).

c6: Carmen de Atrato, Dos Quebradas, 1973,

cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 15 Jan.

1979, C. Luer 6373 (SEL).

This gigantic species was first discov-

ered by Benedict Roezl in the Central

Cordillera of Colombia where it is ende-

mic. Although infrequent now, it is re-

ported to have been locally abundant in the

nineteenth century. The huge vegetative

F a oo

habit is more or less equal to that of M. ee

elephanticeps and M. hercules, but the \ ll

flowers are the largest in the genus. A i

distance of 40 centimeters has been &

j measured between the tips of the tails of

the dorsal and lateral sepals. However,

| much smaller flowers are not infrequent.

The petals and lip are not much larger than the average in the genus, those of M.

elephanticeps and its relatives being much larger. The color of the sepals varies

from the usual brownish purple to pure yellow-orange.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLID) UM

im pces

etal:

Sy,

| fae

5 cm

“+ te

~eere

LE sehen:

fts bass:

ARTIS ey ts

ae a 2 CONAN 44.

M ; AbD bb pakece

ae A ge

we ‘ ae

errs

a eit Poa A el ;

ee arte”

pr yer 3

ti “fi

ye ge! wot :

ee ee ae

* Pe ge oes :

Pee

i 42h! =

a ae cae :

ape pee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 329

Masdevallia maloi Luer, Phytologia 39: 211, 1978.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Benigno Malo of Cuenca, Ecuador, who discovered this species.

Plant large, robust, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, channeled, suberect, 6-8

cm fer sgirtie by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. pacino : rigid, linear-ellipti-

cal, acute, 20-30 cm long, 1.7-2.2 cm wide, gradually narrow 0 the co nduplicate, oe e

base. ge hoe a solitary flower borne by a stout, ppaaies Se 4-13 cm long, green with

purple spots, ‘ex a tubular bract aa ba base, from low on the ramicaul; floral a tubular, etkicd

with purple, 1.5-2 cm long; pedicel 6-7 cm long, speckled with purple; ovary 1 cm long, dotted with

purple; a yellowish or light rellowiieh brown with minute, purple-brown date externally, fleshy,

rigid, subverrucose within, the dorsal sepal ovate, 6-9 cm long including the rigid tail, 13 mm w wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for 10 mm into a rigid, cylindrical age the free portion narrowly triangular,

gradually narrowed into the tail, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, 6-8 cm long oe the tail,

12 mm wide, connate 8 mm; petals white with purple nhvela, elliptical oblon g, 9.5 mm long, 4 mm

longitudinal

callus on the opposite half; lip ¢ cream with } multiple, purple, raised spots, oblong, 11 mm long, 5 m

wide above the middle, with , papillose, the base tru sts

hinged below; column yellowish white, semiterete, 8 mm long, the foot stout, 4 mm long, with a short

incurved extensi

ECUADOR: Loja: Cordillera de Sabanilla, alt. 2900

er Sept. 1973, collected by B. wy cultivated at

arqui near Cuenca, 11 July 1977, C. Luer 1685

ro iota SEL; clonotype: i ame collection,

cultivated at Colomborquideas in Colombia, 20 Apr.

1988, C. Luer 13283 (MO)

This large, coarse species is apparently

endemic to the forests of one area of the

Cordillera de Sabanilla in southern

Ecuador, so far, never having been found

elsewhere. The narrow leaves are unusual-

ly thick and rigid. The solitary, hard, dull

yellow-brown flower is characterized by a

short, cylindrical tube and long, attenuated

free parts of the sepals. The petals are

thick with a callus on both halves. The lip

is oblong with a papillose apex, and

covered by tiny, raised purple-black spots.

yyy

eee

of +e,

Grocer ser? ons

ae ey

SNES

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

330

Plate 165. Masdevallia maloi

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 331

Masdevallia misasii Braas, Die Orchidee 33: 148, 1982.

Ety: Named for Dr. Guillermo Misas U. of Medellin, Colombia, who first described this species.

Syn.: Masdevallia reflexa Misas, Orquideologia 12: 149, 1977, non Schltr. ie

Ety.: From the Latin reflexus, “‘reflexed,”’ referring to the tails of the sepal.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-6.5 cm long, enclosed by

= 3 Lago. aie aes ths. Leaf erect, dark green, thickly coriaceous, 10-22 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide, the

to subacute, the base cuneate into a a petiole. Inflorescence a large,

slay flower borne by a suberect, stout peduncle 3-9.5 cm | with a bract near the base, from low on

the caul; floral bract tubular, 32. 5 cm long; pedicel paar "5 5 y spotted with purple,

7- ee mm rape sepals green, variously spotted with purple-brown, rigidly ; fleshy, PS the dorsal

sepal ov. 5-30 mm long, 14- 20 mm n wide, connate hes me = “es for 14-1 to form a broad,

cylin ae mons ibe ect, sle ig veto tail 7-8 cm

long, the lateral sepals suffused with purple-brown or red-brown below the. middle, connate 25-30 mm

over a transverse fold formed by an acute deflexion below the middle, forming : a aeep | menbaum with 8

column-foot, the bl mii more or less flat or with recurved sides,

synsepal 30-40 mm long expanded, 22-25 mm wide, the acute apices contracted into slender tails 4- fe cm

long; petals light — ee ng oblong, acute, 10 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, thicker along the label-

margin and obtusely angled; lip cream, diffusely

dotted with red-purple to light brown suffused with

purple- gp i ay fleshy, arcuate, obovate-

spathulate, 11 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, narrowed with

reflexed a below the middle, ovate, obtuse and

muricate above the middle with denticulate margins,

e subtruncate concave on both halves into nectarif-

erous recesses, hinged beneath; column light green,

mottled with rose, semiterete, 8 mm win the foot

equally long with a stout, incurved extens

COLOMBIA: Santander: near Velez, 1977, Sra.

Berta S. de Laserna s.n. (Holotype: JAUM); same

collection, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Caja,

13 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2014 (SEL); ogee in —

forest between bien and Landaz 2400 m

1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. heer a E. i

cia 10106 (MO).

This species was first discovered by

Sra. Bertha de Laserna, orchid enthusiast

of Bogota, Colombia, and her chauffeur

while on an orchid-collecting trip in the

department of Santander in the Eastern

Cordillera. It was described by Dr. G.

Misas, but the epithet chosen had been

used for a Costa Rican species by

Schlechter, a synonym of M. cupularis.

The species was rediscovered in the

same area in 1984. Plants were found

growing high in tall, mossy, cloud forest

trees. The size and color of the flowers

are variable. Some flowers are nearly pure

green, while others are intensely suffused

and dotted with red-purple or red-brown.

As in M. velifera, the synsepal is acutely

deflexed beyond the tube. The petals are

acute and obtusely angled on the lower

margin. The lip is subunguiculate, broadly

dilated and intensely spiculate-verrucose

above the middle.

Plate 166. Masdevallia misasii

332

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 167. Masdevallia misasii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 333

Masdevallia mooreana Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. N.S., 21: : 408, 1884.

Ety.: Named in honor sj F.W. Moore the R y 1 Botanic

Gardens at Glasnevi

Syn.: si <I Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 2: 713, 1887.

Ety.: From the Latin sororcula, “a little sister,”’ referring to a fanciful relationship with Masdevallia

cusak

Syn.: Masdevallia atroviolacea Kraenzl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 130, 1922.

Ety.: From the Latin atroviolaceus, “dark violet,” referring to the dark color of dried flowers

Plant large, epiphytic to terrestrial, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-6 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, — coriaceous, 12-17 cm long including the

petiole 3-5 cm m long, the blade elliptical, apa .5-3.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the channeled pe-

tiole. nce a large, solitary flower, borne by a pipe rect to suberect peduncle, 4-11 cm long,

speckled with meen with a bract near he efi from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 1.5-2.3

cm long; pedicel 3-6 cm long; ovary 7-8 mm long; se aaa ein verrucose within, the dorsal

sepal green with 3 purple ess broadly obovate, 22 mm long, 18-22 mm wide, connate to the lateral

sepals for 12- 14 _ sae ab si sepaline tube, the free portion scheme hepa with the apex subacute,

slen greenish tail 3.5-5 cm long, the lateral sepals variously ac and

dotted with purple, ovate, yon 30 mm long, connate 12-13 mm to et a angen 28- 30 m mm at wide

pg at the base connate 11 mm to the column-foot to form a deep m

angular, acute, contracted into slender, ae tails 3-4 cm long; petals light mt —_ a od midvein,

oe tah ants bagi acute, 12-13 mm long, 3.5-5.5 mm wide, longitudinally thickened on both

halves, with a e | mig margin above the —— lip dark purple, ae rigid, obo-

vate- “spathlate, 15 mm lon ng, 7-9 mm wide, the apical half markedly verrucose, obtuse to rounded,

narrowed below the middle, 4 mm ria, longitudinally rote channeled, the base nd with

ear margins, hinged on the end; column n with purple margins, semiterete, 10-11 mm long, the

foot 12-14 mm long with a short, stout, incurved extension.

Without collection data, cultivated at the Royal

out collection data, cultivated at Burford Lodge,

England, Sept. 1886, oa Sir Trevor Lawrence s.n.

(holotype of M. sororcula: W).

MBIA: Norte de Santander: Paramo de

Jurisdicciones, alt. 2600-2800 m, collected Gilberto

Escobar et al., cultivated at La Estrella by O.J

Arango, 26 Sept. 1977, C. Luer 1844 (SEL). San

anta, Kalbreyer 1083 (holotype of

(Neotype of M. atroviolacen here desi gnated:

This robust species, endemic in the

Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, was

described by Reichenbach from a plant

received in 1883 from F.W. Moore,

grower at the Royal Botanic Gardens at

Glasnevin. In 1887, Reichenbach de-

scribed M. sororcula from a single flower

cultivated by Sir Trevor Lawrence from an

unknown locality. Woolward was correct

when she listed it as a synonym accompanying her painting of M. mooreana.

However, she also listed M. elephanticeps var. pachysepala, a much larger-flowered

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 168. Masdevallia mooreana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 335

species with a deeply cleft synsepal and broad tails, as asynonym. Following her,

Garay erroneously identified an illustration of the latter as M. mooreana in Venezue-

lan Orchids Illustrated.

Masdevallia mooreana is distinguished by the large, fleshy flower with a green,

purple-striped dorsal sepal and a dark purple synsepal variously suffused and dotted

between darker veins. The tails are long and relatively slender. The petals are

acute with an obtuse angle on the labellar margin above the middle. The thick lip is

distinctive with its spathulate shape, described by Reichenbach as “three-lobed.”’

Above the middle it is broadly obtuse and markedly verrucose. It is narrowed

below the middle and deeply channeled. The bilaterally concave, cordate base,

clearly shown in Miss Woolward’s painting, suggests a nectariferous role.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

336

Plate 169, Masdevallia mooreana

De TT RT Re er eT EN Te are eS ae ee

LP See oe eee BEN Pe IF eo Sia

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 337

Masdevallia Sr i ee. foot 7: 142, 1982.

Ety.: Nam of the extremely verrucose apex of the lip to the warty shell of some

species of Abeer a a wae mollusks.

lant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. ~~ stout, — 2-3 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec = aga

15 cm long including the petiole 1 5-2. - cat long, the me de arom elliptical, 2- 2. 8 cm w

flower borne ee a ae

stout peduncle 1.5-2 cm ‘long, from low on the coaiehotte Aol bract 12- sy mm long; pedicel sa

suffused with purple, 25-32 mm long; Ovary green, 5 mm | g; sepals ri rigid! y fleshy, green w with 3 dark

urple-b

veins on each cellular the middle

within, om —_ sepal obovate, ca. 17 mm long, 12n mm wide, connate to the rene sepals for 10 mm to

form abi rown y direct-

ed oer mm long, ve lateral sepals obliquely ovate, 15 mm long, 10 mm connate 8 mm , the

acute mike contracted into tails 10 mm long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals greenish white

pi ocak oid roa ad, , dark rege, central stripe, cartilaginous, mie eg ne 9.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide,

the middle with low calli; lip thick, yellow-orange, marked with purple-

brown, _ oblong-elliptical, i. 3 mm long, 6 mm wide: the aes obtuse apex deep purple-brown,

markedly verrucose hinged beneath; column — white

with purple margins, semi-terete, 8 mm long, the foot 5 mm long with an incurved extension

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud

forest above Valladolid, Rio Blanco, alt. 1800 m

borquideas in Colombia, 20 Apr. 1988, C. Luer

13273 (MO); ridge west of Zumba, alt. 1800 m, 25

Jan. 1989, S. Dalstrém & T. Héijer 1191 (MO).

his species, rare and endemic in

southeastern Ecuador, was first found by

Walter Teague on a trek by foot across the

Nudo de Sabanilla from Amaluza to

Valladolid.

Masdevallia murex is related to M.

fractiflexa, with which it grows sympatri-

ally. Both species are similar vegetative-

ly to the majority of the species of the

section, but M. murex is easily distin-

guished by the smaller flowers with

prominently purple-striped sepals, and the

thick, markedly verrucose apex of the lip.

338

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 170. Masdevallia murex

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 339

Masdevallia oscarii Luer & Escobar, ah ee 13: 175, 1979.

Ety.: extn in honor of the late Dr. Oscar R of Medellin, Colombia, who, along with his

wife Mart js y for many years

size, epiphytic, it Ramicauls ae stout, 1.5-2.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 ree tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thi ickly coriaceous, ~ 15 cm long including the petiole

= _ 5 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute to po 2. 2.5 cm wide, cunea a below into the petiole.

cenc age QIN 1.5-2.5 cm long, with a a - the base,

fim scsi aed hig the ramicaul; floral bract abla 1.2-1.5 cm long; pedicel 2.5-3 cm lon 7mm

y yellow-green, suffused and dotted with purl, densely

purple-punciate and papillose within, pi ae with a short hair or bristle, the dorsal sepal obovate,

23-25 mm long, 15-17 mm wide expanted, connate to the lateral sepals for 15 mm to form a broad,

lerrepecs pen ea tube, the apex subacute, contracted into a slender, forwardly drooping, greenish tail

a. 4.5 cm long, ean — a ovate, , oblique, = mm long, 13 mm wide, connate i 16-18 mam, the

apices subacute milar to that of the dorsal sepal; thick, white,

mottled with setietes oe “~ 3 veins, oblong-s sdamacherw, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, obliquely elliptical

above the spk et below the middle, the apex obtuse; wns cep — with purple on cream,

oblong, 8.5 mm long, 5 mm wide, the apical portion acu e wi ith rev rev ute margins, obtuse, densely

echinate, the basal three-fourths oblong, shallowly eae de the b column

green marked with purple, semiterete, 8 mm long, the foot 6 mm long, with an incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Chocé: Munic. de San José del Palm-

ar, alt. 1800-2000 m, collected by J. M. Serna in

1967, cultivated by M. & O. Ro bledo at La Ceja, -

Escobar 849 (Holotype JAUM); same collectio

cultivated 14 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2027 (SEL); culti.

vated 17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13234 (MO).

This rare species is known only from

the three plants originally collected in

1967 by the late JM. Serna. Masdevallia

oscarii is indistinguishable vegetatively

from most of the other species of the

section. The large, fleshy flower is borne

by a short peduncle. The interior of the

sepals is densely studded with purple

papillae, and each is topped with a short

hair or bristle. The thick petals are con-

stricted below the middle and marked with

purple spots in three rows. The apex of

the large, thick lip is covered by a mass of

short spicules.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 171. Masdevallia oscarii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 341

Masdevallia pachyantha Rchb.f., Gard, Chron. n.s., - 174, 1884.

Ety.: From the Greek pachyanthos, ‘‘a thick flower,” referring o the texture of the flower.

Se seer tres hoppii Schitr., Repert. sa Nov. Regni me Beih. 27: 24, 1922.

amed in honor of the collector, W. H

ol Masdevallia pachyantha var. hoppii cuanewe Beih. 34: 1-240, 1925.

Pl , epiphyt Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-6 cm

long, enclosed 2 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, dee 10-16 cm long

including the petiole 2-3 cm long -3.cm wide suffused with

le ben

purple beneath, cuneate below into si pote: Inflorescence a a solitary flower, borne by a slender,

ascending to suberect peduncle, 3-4 cm long, with a bract at the base, oo low on the ramicaul; floral

bract tubular, 1.5-2 cm hg n oetns sa cm long; ovary green, 10mm ong; sepals y ello w-green, dense-

ly dotted with red-purple along the vario ously fl veins, especially on

the lateral sepals, fleshy, pe ail melvcaal, minutely verrucose- recov within, the blade of the

dorsal sepal ovate, 20-23 mm long, 15-18 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 5-8 mm to forma

broad, gaping, sepaline tube, the apex subacute, contracted into a stout, forwardly directed, yellow-green

tail 2.5- - 7 _ the lateral — ovate, oblique, 28- fee mm long, connate 24-27 mm to Sas a lamina

28-33 m oad, forming a broad mentum with the mn- -_ the apices obtuse, aes into

paeeeee ony ah 2-2.5 cm long, a to that of the wots sepal; petals white with purple midvein,

cartiiaginows, pee subunguiculate, acute, 9.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, both halves thickened, slightly

abellar margin obtusely ne near the gant lip red-purple to brown, thick,

obovate, 14 mm a 6.5 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded ose, the disc evne sulcate

between low, ieiien toad. verrucose calli, the base more ‘hi inged below; column gre ish white

with purple margins, semiterete, 10 mm long, the foot 7 mm long, with an incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: cultivated by nce collected

near bape 1883, by Cross s.n. (Holotype: W);

western slopes of the Central regine above

Pesayia. alt. 3000-3500 m, 2 Sept. 1881, F.C.

Lehmann 870 (BM, BR, G); Paéramo de Delicias, alt.

de Moras, alt. 3000

29 Oct. 1882, EC. ‘Lehmann 2062 (BM, BR, G).

Paramo de Guanacas, alt. 3000-3600 m, 16 Mar.

1884, F.C. Lehmann 4126, 4205 (G); Alto Obispo, 8

Nov. 1882, F.C. rs ge 4133 Ae Paéramo de

Barbillas, alt. 3150 m, 14 Nov. 1982, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Escobar & z Lehmann de Sarria 3369

(MO, SEL). Nariiio: Daza, northwest of Pasto, alt.

3000 m, Jan. 1922, W. Hopp 141 (holotype of M.

hoppii: presumably destroyed at B); “‘Paletara,”’ alt.

3100-3300 m, 15 June 1922, F. W. Pennell 6990

(AMES, NY).

This species is locally abundant in

subparamo forests of southern Colombia.

Reichenbach first received from Veitch a

flower collected for him by his collector

Cross but without collection data. Its

existence had been communicated to

Reichenbach by letter from Lehmann long

before. Numerous localities around

Popay4n and Pasto are listed by him in Woolward’s monograph. Fresh flowers as

well as living plants gathered by Carder from the Cauca valley near Popayan were

forwarded to Reichenbach by Shuttleworth in 1883.

Masdevallia pachyantha is distinguished by the large, thickly coriaceous leaves

and a large, fleshy flower borne by a short peduncle with a longer pedicel. The

colors and size are variable among the many populations. The sepals are shallowly

connate into a gaping tube; the petals are obtusely swollen on the lower margin; and

the lip is oblong and verrucose at the obtuse apex.

ween,

OO Oe Ret re wag?

‘ eats,

Scie

etary

wow! “

5 cm

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

342

Plate 172. Masdevallia pachyantha

Ai Ni ir RK ISS it eR ae El NN a a porter.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 343

———— pachysepala (Rchb.f.) Luer, Lindleyana 9: 245, 1995.

.: Masdevallia elephanticeps var. pachysepala Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2: 283, 1854.

oa From Greek pachysepalon, “with thick sepals,” referring to the fleshy corolla.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; Toots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3- 5 cm long, pres by 2-

3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, t , Up g g the p 3-5 cm

long, the blade oblong, obtuse, up to4cm wide, iole. Inflores-

cence a huge, solitary, fleshy flower borne by a stout, erect to suberect cache e, 8cm long, with a bract

near the base, from Hel on the Peed floral bract loose, tubular, 3 cm long; pedicel flecked with

maroon, stout, 7 cm long; ovary 12 mm long; sepals rigidly fleshy, —_— verrucose within, the dorsal

sepal pale brown with rose veins, the ace broadly ovate, ca. 30 mm long, 20 mm wide, connate to the

ual sepals for 16 mm into a broad, cylindrical, sepaline tube, nie on portion triangular, with the

€ apex contracted into a thick, erect, yellow tail ca. 9 cm long, the lateral sepals light brown,

a with reddish black below the middle but above the base, connate 30 mm into a deeply bifid

lam 5m e, each sepal ovate, oblique, 110 mm long, 15 mm wide at the bifurcation, acute,

gradually. attenuated to the tip, connate at the base ase ca. 10 mm to the column-foot to form a mentum;

A heal th me |

1 mm lon wide

— ally thickened on both halves; lip dark purple, thick, rigid, oblong-obovate, 14 mm long, 8 mm

e, the ~— sulcate, ‘enen's vermucose, ee apex rounded, minutely denticulate, the base eget

me obsc

terete, 9 mm an the foot thick, equally ‘long, with a short, stout, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Santander de Norte: Old dept. of

Ocajfia: La Cruz, alt. 3170 m, 1851, L. Schlim 410

ne W; Isotypes: B, BR, G, K, P); Pericos, alt.

alt. 2400- 2500 m, May 1967, G.C.K. Dunsterville

57 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 8161.

This huge-flowered species first came

to attention from the preserved flower and

painting Reichenbach had received from

Wagener in 1854, but without a locality.

Although obviously related to M. elephan-

ticeps, it differed in the broad tails of the

lateral sepals that were not deeply connate

into a broad synsepal. Reichenbach de-

scribed it as M. elephanticeps var. pachy-

sepala, and cited Schlim 410, a specimen

from Ocajfia in the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia, as the type

This species has been confused with

M. elephanticeps since its discovery.

Schlim 410, the type of var. pachysepala,

has been identified as M. elephanticeps in several herbaria. Masdevallia pachysepa-

la occurs rarely in the paramo of westernmost Venezuela and the adjoining paramo

of Colombia, and it is not known to have been in cultivation in this century. It has

also been confused with M. mooreana, ripe been identified as such by Woolward

in her monograph of the nineteenth century.

Masdevallia pachysepala is atonal from M. elephanticeps by the deeply

bifid synsepal that terminates with broad, long-tapering tails. The free portions are

much longer than the connate portions. The synsepal of M. elephanticeps is deeply

connate into a wide, conspicuous lamina that terminates in narrower, shorter tails.

The free portions of the lateral sepals are shorter than the connate portions.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 173. Masdevallia pachysepala

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 345

Masdevallia pardina Rchb. oe ines Bot. a eae 15, 1878.

Ety.: From the Latin pardinus, “* panther,” refe the spotted flowers.

Syn.: Masdeval. ieee Lehm. & Kraenzl., Raper ae Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 427, 1921.

Ety.: Named - peaks, th of origin of the specimen.

Plant large, acpe: epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 4-8.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, thickly coriaceous, 15-30 cm long includ-

ne the indistinct petiole 2-4 } cm long, ie blade ewig 4 linear-obovate, obtuse, 2- 3.5 cm wide,

anbeseet peduncle 4-6 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul : floral bract tubular

18-20 mm long; pedicel 3-5 cm long; ovary 8-10 mm long, dotted with purple; sepals fleshy, dull white

to light green, panes with purple along and between the veins, glabrous with the veins prominent exter-

nope minutely verrucose with a short, red pubeavence ' within, the dorsal sepal —— 25 mm long, 10-

wide, con oe to the lateral sepals for Lp iS J the triangular free portion

c phe into a greenish tail 3-4 cm long, the la ] Is ob 135 mm long, connate 25 mm into a

bifid lamina 25 mm wide, the free porti lar, acute 3-3.5 cm long; petals

cartilaginous, white, marked with h dark red- -purple, oblong, foueree a 12 mm long, 4 mm wide, the

apex acute, the lower margin callous ending in a smoo us between the middle and lower

thirds above the claw; lip thick, white, heavily spotted with purple, elliptical, 14 mm long, 6 mm wide,

the apex cose, denticulate, the disc with a low pair of parallel calli near the middle, the

base subcordate, shallowly cleft, with elevated margins, hinged below; cae Psi edged in red-

urple, semiterete, 9 mm long, the foot spotted, equally long with an incurved exte

COLOMBIA: Without locality, goes he a

Chesterton s.n. (Holotype: W). Nar i Se

Cranja de Botana, alt. 2900-3100 m, 3 Mar. 1963, 4

L.E. Mora 2583 (AMES, PSO). Putumayo: Alta de

Cruz above Encano, paramo, alt. 11,000 “ 1 Nov.

1946, M.B. Foster & R. Foster 2035 (AME

ECUADOR: Without ae posers by EC. ay

Lehmann s.n. (holotype of M. aequatorialis: W).

ge — es yee alt. 3400 “ 8 Nov \ ih

1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 8302 (M O, SEL): “

between Tuli Andrade pa El Carmelo, alt. 2900- < iN we

3200 m, 7 Aug. 1989, H. van der Werff & E. Gudifio

10966 (MO); epiphytic in scrub cloud forest south-

. ”"

; 2

23 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 2775

(SEL); same area, alt. 3200 m, 6 April 1985, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 11127 (MO); El Mirador,

alt. 3600 m, Aug. 1990, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz, J. Del

above El Play6n east of San Juan Andrade, alt. 32

i 9, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4677

This large, robust species is locally

abundant in southern Colombia and north-

ernmost Ecuador. A watercolor painting

of this species by F.C. Lehmann, t. 75, is at Kew without an herbarium specimen. It

is probable that Lehmann’s specimen at W (Vienna) was his subject for his t. 75.

The habit of M. pardina is similar to that of M. angulata, although some plants

attain a greater size. The flowers of M. pardina are borne suberect, not descending,

and they are a little smaller than those of M. angulata, with narrower sepals and

tails. Instead of the typical single purple stripe on the petals as seen in M. angulata,

the petals are spotted with purple. The lip is oblong with the obtuse apex verrucose.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 174. Masdevallia pardina

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 347

Masdevallia peristeria Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 1: 500,

1874

Ety.: Named for Peristeria elata Hook. because of the similarity of the white column flanked by

white petals, ‘‘something comparable to the form of a dov

Syn.: Masdevallia ellipes Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 1, 187

Ety.: From the Greek ellipes, ‘‘an omission,’ speak sivting to his thoughts.

Syn.: Masdevallia haematosticta Rchb.f., Flora 69: 559, 1886.

Ety.: From the Greek haematostictos, ‘“‘with blood- red dots,’’ referring to the yellowish flowers

diffusely dotted with red.

Syn.: Masdevalli. j ia Rehb. f. subsp. / icta (Rchb.f.) Luer, Lindleyana 3: 44, 1988.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic to praia caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-6

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 8-16 cm long, 1.5-2.5

cm wide, hi blade iia obtuse, gene narrowed below into an indistinct petiole up to 3

m long. I fleshy, born a Gee t rect pe le 1-2

cm long, from low on the ramicaut floral bract loose, 1-2 cm long; pedicel stout, 2-3.5 cm long; ovary

green, — pied, ke ae mum | g; Sepals thick, rigid, light yellowish, diffusely dotted with ee

or brow minutely verrucose within, the aye sepal ovate, 22-

25 mm fe 14-20 mm wide, connate to the tera sepals for 12-16 mm to form a broad, ene

mea tube, the free portion tri ar, the apex subacute, contracted into a slender, eee yellow-green

angular

2.5-5 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, ee connate 3. 17 mm, 20-25 mm long, 11-30 mm wide,

wie the apices acute, tapered into tails similar to that of the — sepal; petals yotlow- green, herslaned

1 fourth

ginous, oblong, rit sigmoid, obtuse, 10-12 mm long, 3-4 mm wide,

below an obtuse marginal angle; lip thick, cartilaginous, dull dull pe diffusely dotted or flecked with

purple, obovate, 10-13 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, shallowly sulcate centrally between low, longitudinal,

verrucose calli, the apex obtuse, verrucose, the base subcordate with a pair of shallow, nectariferous

angles, hinged beneath; column greenish white, semiterete, 9-10 mm long, the foot nearly as long, with

an incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: without locality, imported by Maxie.

Veitch, wih collected by G. Wallis s.n. (Holoty

); without collection data: imported and cultivated

by F. aay “& Co. AC C. Lehmann s.n. (holotype :

M. haematosticta: W). Antioquia: ‘‘Medellin,”’

Roezl s.n. (holotype of M. ellipes: ae ae

ope alt. 1400-1800 m, Oct. 1891, FC. Lehmann

7015 (AMES, K, LE); Musinga, alt. ‘nD m, Nov.

1975, collected by R. Escobar et al., cultivated by M.

& O. Robledo at La Ceja, 13 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2013

(SEL); Rio Negro, Rio Piedras, alt. 2150 m, 29 Apr.

. Escobar et al. 8863 (SEL);

Luer, R. Escobar et al. 17699 (MO “ ote on

de Cuevas, alt. 1250-1750 m, R. Collejas et al. 6616

(HUA). Risaralda: Pueblo Rico, Cafion de Cuanza,

alt. 2000 m, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La

Ceja, 15 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2030 (SEL). Narifio:

Pasto, near Cucuel and Pusosquer, alt. 1400 m, 31

July 1879, F-C. itaces 150 (W); Ricaurte, on

1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4573 (SEL).

ECUADOR: Carchi: Péramo El Angel between

Sar and Maldonado, alt. 2150 m, 1 Aug. 19

Dodson & A. Embree 16170 (MQ); east of

Godin se “4 1600 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J.

Luer, J. Del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15097 pom

between Maldonado and Chical, alt. oe m, collect-

ed July 1991, cultivated in Chamblee, GA, 15 “9 1993, by FL E> 7 1018-2 (MO). Imbabura:

Selva Alegre, collected July 1991, ota in Chamblee, GA, Jan. 1994, by F L Stevenson 94-0109-6

(MO). Pichincha: west slopes of Pichincha, collected by A. Andreet, pe rallene in Cuenca, 19 July

1977, = joe 1747 (SEL); terrestrial in cloud forest humus abo e Tandapi, alt. 2000 m, 2 Feb. 1 78, C.

Luer, er & A. Hirtz 2440 (SEL); above Tandapi, alt. pais m, collected by A. Andreetta, cultivated

at obs pel 1990. A. Hirtz 5042 (MO).

348 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 175. Masdevallia peristeria

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 349

This species is widely distributed and relatively frequent in the Western and the

Central Cordillera of Colombia, ranging southward through the department of

Narifio and into northwestern Ecuador. It was first collected by Gustav Wallis in

the employ of Messrs. Veitch, and described by Reichenbach in 1874. It has proven

to be variable in size and color. In 1877, Reichenbach described a single flower

collected by Roezl as M. ellipes, and in 1886, he described a larger, darkly colored

form collected by Lehmann as M. haematosticta. The latter is found in the southern

half of the distribution, and intermixed with the smaller, paler form in the northern

part of the Central Cordillera.

The species is characterized by thick, leathery leaves and a fleshy, solitary

flower. The sepals are variously dotted with purple, and connate to near the middle

into a cylindrical tube, beyond which the free portions often reflex with tails. The

petals are obtuse and unguiculate on the basal quarter. The lip is thick, obovate and

markedly verrucose.

Typical M. peristeria from the north is characterized by a smaller, brighter

yellow, narrow sepaline tube with slender tails. Typical M. haematosticta is charac-

terized by a larger and broader sepaline tube and thicker tails. The sepals are diffu-

sely dotted with purple, intensely in M. haematosticta, and lightly in M. peristeria.

An effort has been made to maintain two subspecies, but there are too many varia-

tions to consider.

The species grows commonly as a terrestrial on high grassy slopes. In Ecuador,

it grows sympatrically with the locally abundant M. angulata.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ESE

Plate 176, Masdevallia

(M. haematosticta)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 351

Masdevallia picea Luer, Phytologia 44: 167, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin piceus, “pitch black,” i h d tail

Syn.: Masdevallia rufolutea Lindl., Warsz. Cat., 1853, et ex Gard. Chron. 292 et 528, 1855, nomen

nudum

Ety.: From the Latin rufoluteus, “reddish yellow,” referring to the color of the flower.

Plant robust, medium in size to large, — caespitose; _ coarse. Races: ceeeh, stout, 3-

8.5 cm long, pa d by 2-3 loose, tubular sh . Leaf erect, thickl -oblong,

subpetiolate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, on cm long, L ‘5- 2 cm wide, cuneate Slew into the

channeled subpetiolate base. acinar a solitary, pct ‘ous flower, borne by a stout, suberect,

Loniggtat — 1.5-3 cm long, from low on the ram —— bract tubular, flecked with pur-

ple, 1.5-2 cm long; pedicel ad, phar with purple, 2- a cm von mg; © ary green, = 8 mm long; sepals

thick, fleshy, rigid green, becoming increasingly spotted wi k red

purple-black apices, shiny y-glabrous externally, verrucose within, the blade of the snes sepal obovate,

oo “mg long, 14-16 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 15-17 mm to form a broad, cylindrical

tube apex subacute, bap ae into an erect, darkly colored tail 26-33 mm nae re lateral sepals

ovate; ts 24-28 m g,15m aia connate 17 mm to form a broad, deep mentum with the

column-foot, the apices tae acuta into tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals dull

se marked with red-purple, thick, oblong, 12 mm long, 5 mm wide, the apex obtuse to rounded, both

sides thickened, the ee —— thicker, obtusely angled near the middle; lip white, diffusely spotted

with dark purple, thick, oblong, 15 mm long, 7 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, verrucose and den-

ticulate, the disc a eh between a pair of thick, more or less longitudinal calli, the base

subcordate, hinged beneath; ee greenish white, semiterete, 10 mm long, the foot thick, 8 mm long,

with a stout, incurved extensio

PERU: Amazonas: without locality, exported by R

Stiimpfle of Lima, Peru, cultivated by M. & O.

a, m ?

Luer 1865 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: JAUM); same

origin, cultivated by Black River Orchids, Mich., 8

i te Lae C. Luer 2124 (SEL); ‘‘sources of the

”” May 1853, J.R. von Warsrewicd 5.N.

ce nats of M. rufolutea: K; isotype: W); Huancas,

north of Chachapoyas, rocky cliffs, alt. 8,000 ft.,

collected by D. Welisch 15 June 1975, cultivated in

San Francisco, CA, 21 June 1978, C. Luer 2926

(SEL)

This species was included in a ship-

ment of plants sent to England by Wars-

zewicz in 1853 and offered for sale. In the

sale’s catalog, it was listed as M. rufolu-

tea, attributed to Lindley. From the same

lot, Reichenbach described M. civilis the

following year. Because of the similarity

of the two species, they were considered to

be the same. However, the species with

more or less yellowish, broadly cylindrical

flowers alluded to as M. rufolutea is not

the same as the species with a constricted

tube more or less purplish and inflated above the base and described as M. civilis.

Miss Woolward identified M. picea (M. rufolutea, a nomen nudum) as M. civilis in

her monograph of 1896.

Masdevallia picea, no doubt a deep-purple color form of M. rufolutea, was

described in 1979. Subsequently, yellowish color-forms have proved to be far more

frequent than the deep-purple forms. The species is characterized by large, thick,

coriaceous leaves and a rather large, fleshy flower borne by a short peduncle. The

sepals are connate into a broad cylindrical tube with equally long tails. The petals

are oblong and obtuse and the lip is also oblong with a verrucose apex.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

352

Plate 177. Masdevallia picea

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 353

Masdevallia platyglossa Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 18: 552, 1882.

.: From the Greek platyglossa, ‘“‘a leona ¢ ongue,”’ referring to the large, broad lip.

Syn.: oe bilabiata Kraenzl., ae Se Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 203, 1925.

wie ‘om the Latin bilabiatus

liz hilanh: ay . ny

.. go hie bilabiata (Kraenzl. ) dis "Die Orchidee 30: 22), 1979.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls pu erect, black, 2-3 cm

i pas by 2-3 loose sheaths. Leaf erect dark green, coriaceous, 6-14 cm long including the pe-

e 2-4 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1-2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the

aie Arete petiole. Inflorescence a relatively ~~ rie solitary flower borne by a descending

peduncle 2-8 cm long, slender at the base, thicker t the flower, with 2-3 bracts, from low on the

ramicaul; floral bract 9-13 mm long, loose, enclos ane eee pedicel 5-10 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm long;

sepals dull gray to dull gray-green, often dotted with black, the veins prominent externally, the dorsal

sepal ovate, 22 mm long, 181 mm wide, connate e to the lateral sepals for 8 mm to form a ee, short,

sepaline cup, th 3-4 mm long tail, the lateral

sepals 26 mm long, connate 15 mm e soem a benasily ovate — 26 mm wide, concave basally and

nea es , the ol se apices contracted in into tails 2-3 mm

long; petals light green, elliptical, : 5 mm long, 4mm wide, the labellar margin with an obtusely angled

callus above the middle, the peieat — lip white, s suffused with | green, thick, , elliptical, 16 mm long 9.5

mm wide, the apex rounded, verrucose, the base truncate , erect, involute to form

nectariferous recesses, hinged on ie coil column white, semiterete, 7 mm long, the retrorse foot 10-11

mm long with a short incurved extension

COLOMBIA: Without collection data: cultivated at

R. Es

bar & D. Portillo 8055 (SEL). aan ae

Arcabuco by mag gr alt. 2500 m, 25 Apr. 1982,

C. Luer, r, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7565

(SEL). Candin arca: oop between San

Miguel and Fusagasugi, alt. 1800 m, 8 June 1941, J.

Renz 3586 (BAS). Antioquia: Rio icles, near

a Rosa, alt. 1800-2000 m, Dec. 1891, FC

Pereira and Armenia, 22 July 1965, R. Restrepo M

s.n. (COL). Tolima: Rio Cabrera, alt. 2000 m, 9

Jan. 1888, F.C. Lehmann 2334 (G). Valle del

Cauca: west of Cali, alt. 2000 m, 28 Mar. 1884, F.C.

Lehmann 376] (holotype of Lothiania bilabiata: G).

ECUADOR: Carchi: above Maldonado, alt. 2000 m, March 1983, S. ring S.n. Lae Napo: east

slope of Volcdn Reventador, alt. 1850 m, 11 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A.

Embree 11776 (MO). Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Condor, alt. 1750 m, 21 Ma - 1988, C. Luer, A.

Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13545 (MO). Pastaza: above Rio Negro, collected by F.

ein cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, R. Escobar s.n. (SEL). Zamora-Chinchipe: between

Loja and Zamora, collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 4 May 1981, C. Luer 6091 (SEL).

This “ugly duckling” among the majestic Masdevallias is relatively common in

its wide distribution through Ecuador and all three cordilleras of Colombia.

Although it often grows in the company of other species that may be abundant, it

usually occurs as only a single plant. A painting of Lehmann’s 7039 with the

Proposed name “‘M. macroglossa,” a collection from Antioquia, Colombia, 1s at

Kew. Krianzlin also annotated Lehmann 7039 as M. dermatantha.

Plants in the wild are usually easily recognized when not in flower by the

slender, black-petiolate leaves, and any evidence of old, descending, single-flow-

ered peduncles, that are often present in fascicles. Plants in flower cannot be con-

fused with anything else. The relatively large, gray-green, or dirty-green sepals are

triangular with only minute tails. The petals are obtusely angled above the middle,

and the lip i is — large and verrucose with a pair of nectariferous-

Cavities” at the bas

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

354

seer wre f

gf ne

ri smuntee

Plate 178. Masdevallia platyglossa

Sei le ee iat Sts ic ice ey 2 al

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 355

Masdevallia rigens Luer, eae soni 5: 150, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin rigens, ‘ tati d fl

Syn.: Masdevallia stercorea Cal iger, Die Orchi dee 31: 183, 1980; emend. 36: 87, 1985.

Ety.: From the Latin stercoreus, “‘foul-smelling,” referring to the unpleasant odor of the flower.

nt medium in size, oe epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 5-6

cm on. poe by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf dull n, suberect, more or less — thickly

coriaceous, rigid, eit elliptical: -linear, 15-22 cm long, 1.5- ¥ - cm = the apex wly obtu

eradually narrowed to the subpetiolate or sessile base. rescen solitary flower, Sane ne by a aa

berect mec 2-2. : cm long, — a bract at the base, — lee on fren ramicaul; floral bract tubu

101 13 mm long; pedicel 17-22 mm long; ovary greenish white with purple dots, 7 mm long; sepals light

yellow- a lightly dotted with = thick, _* glabrous externally, minutely pubescent-verrucose

within, the blade of the dorsal sepal oblong-o 16

mm == 7-8 mm wide, connate to the aul prises y od

> pe to form a cylindrical, ne ges pear the ‘

pear contracted into a stout, erec rete,

mca ellow-green tail 18 mm long, An intone

_ ie oblique, ca. 18 mm long, connate 9-10

o form a bifid lamina 11-13 mm broad, forming

an or mentum mi _ ‘se on pss the apices

acute, acuminate into recurving tails similar to that of

the dorsal sepal; ree slits or Sea midvein,

cartilaginous, oblong, obtuse, bluntly apiculate, 7 mm

long, 2 mm wide, both halves thickened, an

concave centrally, the labellar margin ob

angled below the middle; lip ivory, diffusely pane:

“\e'

Oi.

ete, 6 mm long, the foot spotted with purple, 3 mm

long, with an incurved extension

wasn Want collection data: obtained from the

University of California

at Berkeley, oe ye Harold Ripley in San

Francisco, CA, 2 1979, C. Luer 4088 (Holo-

Kéniger in Miinchen, Nov. 1979, C. Luer 4857

(SEL).

This species, apparently endemic in a

semi-arid valley in northern Peru, is close-

ly related to M. bonplandii from

higher altitudes. Both species are charac-

terized by narrow, thickly coriaceous

leaves, and a relatively small flower borne

by a short ramicaul. From M. bonplandii

it is distinguished by the narrow, butters-

cotch-colored, sepaline tube with longer,

narrower tails. The petals and lips of the -

two species are very similar. Plate 179. Masdevallia rigens

(M. stercorea)

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

356

Plate 180. Masdevallia rigens

at et eee ee pe a ae, Saal eS eel eee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 357

Masdevallia sanctae-rosae er aE: Bull. Misc. Inform. 102, 1925.

Ety.: mma for the community of Santa Rosa near where this species was discovered.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sanctae-rosae (Kraenzl.) Garay, Orquideologia 4: 17, 1969.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2.5

cm long, with small, red tial sree by 2-3 short, tubular sheaths, more or less spotted with red or

with red papules. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-9.5 cm long including the petiole about the third of the

length, the blade narrowly clliptical, aan 4-6 mm wide, the base gradually narrowed into the long

ence a single by a horizontal to ascending, slender peduncle 5-7 cm long

spotted with red, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul: floral bract tubular, 5 mm

long; pedicel 10 mm long; g, dotted with purple; sepals translucent pale yellow-green,

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.75 mm into a pn eee sepaline cup, the lateral sepals

i pin subacute, 5.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm; petals translucent white, ellipti-

cal-oblong, acute, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, slightly thickened along the labellar mar argin; lip cream,

elliptical-ovate, re 5 mm mim long, 2 mm i ide, the apex enone lightly concave, oe Trucose, with ser-

rulate margins, the base g ewe 3 mm long, the

foot 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: forests of Savareta, high-

lands of ns aise alt. 2400-2800 m, F.C. Leh-

n pe: K; Isotypes: AMES, LE, NY);

same area, iene nown collector, cultivated by M.

& O. Robledo at La Ceja, 5 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1913

(SEL); forest remnant between Unrao and Betulia, alt.

2. m, 1 June 1995, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar et

al. 17701 (MO).

‘

This species, endemic in a small area

of the Western Cordillera of Colombia, is

related to the widely distributed species-

complex of M. campyloglossa. The

former was first discovered by Consul

Lehmann, whose collection lay unidenti-

fied in Kew until described by Krinzlin

when he described all the left-over scraps

for his monograph of Masdevallia.

Masdevallia sanctae-rosae, one of the

least attractive species of the genus, is

easily identified by the very slender

leaves, and the very small, colorless, tail-

less flowers. Failing to recognize the

generic characters of the petals and lip,

and the obvious affinity to M. campyloglossa, Garay transferred the species to

Pleurothallis.

‘

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PRITSSeOrte. +)

owes thee FAM AAT

ATE

Plate 181. Masdevallia sanctae-rosae

leet

TOT Tbe) PEAS ee en ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 359

Masdevallia semiteres Luer & Escobar, Selbyana 5: 154, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin semiteres, ‘‘semiterete,” referring to the narro wly drical leaves

t small to medium in size, terrestrial to re densely caespitose; roots . Ramicauls

erect, stout, terete, 1.5-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 short, imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to

=o he t, gray-green, fleshy, semiterete, sulcate, narrowly line ear ellipti cal-obovate, acute, 4-12 cm long,

0.7- wide, 0.4-0.5 cm — — narrowed below into the tr meg e base. Inflorescence a

ae flower borne by a stout, suberect peduncle 1-1.5 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low

on the ramicaul; floral eons lcm sae pedicel 1.5-2 cm long; ovary spotted with brown, 6-7 mm long;

sepals thick, fleshy, light brown speckled with purple-brown, glabrous ex ig a minutely aero

within, oe dorsal sepal oblong, 10 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm to form

cylindrical tube, the free portion triangular with acuminate into a short, thick, pm

erect tail, = total length of the dorsal sepal 25 mm, = Jateral = oblong, connate for 11 mm into a

bifid lamina 17 mm wide, the bases forming with the column-foot a deep, rounded mentum, the subacute

apices contracted into thick, yellow tails ca. 5 mm a the sal length of — lateral ee 26 mm;

pe ite with a red midvein, centilageacs, oblong, 9.5 mm I ong, / am Ww apex ith

a short apiculum, both margins cal low the middle; lip

purple, spotted with dark purple, thick, oblong, mm long, £ 75 mm wide, the apex obtuse, Porat

denticulate and subverrucose, the with a pair of low, onc alli above the middle, the subcor-

date base — tial pec ‘wits, catiase: 7.5 mm long, the foot equally long, ce a short,

incurved extensi

PERU: without locality, collected by D. Bennett,

cultivated by D. Richardson 1959, cultivated by M.

Luer 2955 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: JAUM); same

collection, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 18 Mar.

1989, C. Luer 14253 (MO). La Libertad: terrestrial

2818 (AMAZ, F, MO, USM). Caj :

Marcos, Cuenca del rio Shitamalca, ioneals. a

3100 m, 30 Oct. 1982, L. Sanchez & J. Torres 6422

(CPUN, F, MO); lithophytic, between Cajamarca and

(SEL); between Cajamarca and mba, alt

3800 m, 17 Nov. 1983, A. Suetakauhs et wt 1120

(HUT,

This xerophytic species was found

growing on and among rocks fully ex-

posed to the tropical sun by Dr. Werner

Rauh of Heidelberg, but at an altitude of

about 3000 meters above sea level where the nights are chilly and damp. Like the

neighboring cactus, the succulent leaves have assumed a cylindrical shape to con-

serve moisture. The flowers likewise are stout and fleshy, and borne close to the

ground on short peduncles. The fusiform-leaved Platystele rauhii Luer also shares

the same habitat.

Masdevallia semiteres was first discovered by David Bennett of Lima, Peru, and

some of his plants were cultivated by the late Don Richardson of Manhasset, NY.

A division was given to the Robledos in Colombia where the plant was cultivated

without flowering for many years until finally a flower was produced in 1979. The

leaves of these plants are short, no more than ten centimeters long. The leaves of

the plants collected by Dr. Rauh are between eight and twelve centimeters tall.

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

5 cm

Bee

— BEES

Plate 182. Masdevallia i

Wl Pee eS:

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 361

ig once spilantha Koniger, Die Orchidee 36: 84, 1985.

rom the Greek spilanthos, ‘‘a spotted or stained flower,” referring to the color of the flower.

Plant

Ramicauls erect, slender, 2.5-3.5 cm

long, enclosed ~ 2-3 <a ‘ube sheath. Leaf erect, tek coriaceous, petiolate, 7-12.5 cm long

including the petiole 2-3 cm long, t subacu obtuse, 1.8-2.1 cm wide, suffused with

= beneath, cuneate on into the wee Linea. a solitary flower, borne by a slender,

rect peduncle, 1.5-2.5 cm long, with a bract at the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubu-

“sy 13 mm anes pedicel etic with red, 20-28 mm long; ovary purple, 5 mm long; sepals yellow, but

obscured by d and coalescing spots of red-purple, fleshy, shiny = panic

pubescent within, the blade of ie dorsal sepal obovate, 15 mm long, 13 mm wide, connate to the lateral

sepals for 11 mm to form a broad, sepaline tube, the apex obtuse, contracted into a stout, tana di-

tected, eed il _ 2 i. 3 cm song, the ace angeth ovale, obEque, 15 mm long, connate ~ mm to

form a lamina 17 mm broad, forming a foot, the apices obtuse, contracted

into cont Haile 29 mm se similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals yellow-green, acid aie

oblong-ovate, subunguiculate, 7.75 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse, both halves thickened, slight-

ly concave sceenk the labellar margin a — near the middle; lip yellow, — spotted

with dark purple-brown, thick, obovate, 9 m g, 5 mm wide, the a apr roadly rounded, verrucose,

the disc shallowly sulcate, the base tere wick pea hinged b below; column penhaeies white, semiter-

ete, 6 mm long, the foot equally long, with an incurved extension

PERU: Amazonas: between Leimebamba and Bal-

sas, alt. 3100 m, Aug. 1980, W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger,

C. Luer; J. —_ & M. Ariat K-50e (Holotype: M;

clonotype: K); sa , C. Luer 5430 (SEL);

same esta. cultivated by W. Kiniger in Munich,

Germany, 12 Sept. 1981, C. Luer 6494 (SEL

This species is apparently endemic in

northern Peru where several plants were

found in a scrub forest. It is characterized

by the medium-sized habit and a short-

pedunculate flower, the peduncle being

shorter than the pedicel. The glistening

smooth sepaline tube with a deep mentum

is covered by coalescing red-purple flecks

and spots. The oblique petals without a

tooth, and the thick, verrucose, obovate lip

are similar to those of other species of the

section.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

362

Plate 183. Masdevallia spilantha

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 363

ag ae sumapazensis P.Ortiz, Orquideologia 14: 223, 1981.

.: Named for the area of Cundinamarca known as Sumapaz.

Plant medium in size to large, nag caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 4-5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sh . Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 12-17 cm long aa the

duncle 2-3 cm, the blade elliptical, ee 3-4 cm wide

rescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 5-9 cm long, fi

caul; floral bract tubular, 2-2.5 cm long; pedicel 3-5 cm long; ovary green, 7- 10 mm long; Shacay ane

yellow-green, glabrous, the blade of the dorsal sepal with 3 longitudinal, purple lines, ovate, ca. 25 mm

long, 10-12 mm wide, connate to the lateral gai for 7-10 mm to form a cylindrical tube, the apex

acute, acuminate into an erect, yellow tail ca. ong, the lateral sepals with large, purple spots,

ovate, oblique, 40 mm long including the tail-like na 10 mm wide, connate 12 mm, the acute apices

erauniiiiaies S petals white with purple midvein, thick, elliptical-oblong, 11-12 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide,

, apiculate, b i, the ste ar margin ta lip white, diffusely spotted

with euch. i thick, obovate, 14 mm long, 7 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, verrucose and denticu-

late, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of thick, more or less ioigitndiond ¢ calli, the b b

date, hinged beneath; column greenish white, semiterete, 10 mm long, the foot thick, 5 mm long, with an

incurved extension

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Cabrera, “Boca de

Monte,”’ Paéramo de Ollerias (Hoyerias?), alt. 3255

m, 23 Feb. 1970, P. Ortiz V. 314 (Holotype: COL);

same collection, cultivated at Colomborquideas, Oct.

1982, C. Luer 8164 (SEL

This species is apparently endemic in a

subparamo forest of the Eastern Cordillera

of Colombia south of Bogoté where it was

discovered by Father Pedro Ortiz of

Bogota. It is distinguished by the medi-

um-sized, yellowish flower with large

spots covering the lateral sepals. The

apices of the sepals are acuminate into

relatively short tails. The petals and lip

are not remarkably different from most of

the other species of section Coriaceae.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 184, Masdevallia sumapazensis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 365

Masdevallia torta Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 19: 110,

10, 1883.

Ety.: From the po tortus, “twisted, ” referring to a probable distortion of the tails of the lateral

sepals of the holoty

Plant large, presumably epiphytic, pete repent to caespitose; roots coarse, Ramicauls stout,

ascending to erect, spotted with purple, 7-11 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 large, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf

erect, dark green, thickly coriaceous, lightly cape long-petiolate, 11-16 cm long including the petiole

i 5cm — = a elliptical, 2 .5-3.5 cm wide, the apex obtuse, the base cuneate into the purple-

potted i 6-8 cm lon

= ceake, ate a als near the base, from low on pie ramicaul; floral bract white, dotted with red,

inflated, 2.5 cm Jong, pedicel dotted with purple, 3-4 ong; ovary 8 mm long; dorsal sepal light green

with thin red veins, more or less lightly suffused in rose, apse s, broadly obovate, 21 mm long, 18 mm

ao connate te the intemal sepals 1 sl Pr see form a ee linda, sae tbe, tee free portion

green tail 2.5 cm long; sepals li ight

aa veined | in purple, suffused pene with red puri, ineaily glabrous, 35 mm ae connate 33

mm into a broadly ovate lamina 32 mm wide, connate to the onliane-foot to form

the obtuse apices contracted into slender tails 1. 3c cm lon white, veined in purple, span

oblong, 13 mm long, 6 mm wide, the apex broadly obtuse, oblique, lightly retuse, the k abellar argin

thickened, obtusely angled between the broadly P ae

oblong-obovate, 18 mm long, 8 mm ery the a x obtuse, verrucose, the disc with a _— pai of longi-

n ath; column w

long, the foot 10 mm long, spotted with purple, with an -slhaoery extension.

agree without locality or collector, imported

1883 by Mr. Bull s.n. (Holotype; W); without

ved cultivated plant received from Glasnevin,

Apr. 1887, F. oore s.n. (K); without locality,

cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, Colombia,

21 Jan. 1978, C. Luer 2294 (SEL).

Reichenbach described this species

from a cultivated specimen sent to him

from Mr. Bull in England. The plant had

been imported from Colombia, but without

further information. No other collection is

known. All plants presently in cultivation

are divisions from a plant in the possession

of the late Don Richardson of Manhasset,

NY, who had obtained his specimen many

years ago from Europe, as he had many of

his other plants.

In her monograph on the genus Masde-

vallia Miss Woolward quotes Consul

Lehmann as giving a well-known locality

in Antioquia near Medellin for M. torta,

but M. torta has never been seen there.

However, M. caudivolvula Kraenzl. does

grow in this area, and it is possible that Lehmann assumed the latter to be M. torta

because of the truly twisted sepaline tails. Undoubtedly Lehmann never had an

Opportunity to see the true M. torta.

The epithet torta is a misnomer. The tails of the lateral sepals are not normally

twisted. The tails of the dried flowers received by Reichenbach and still cna, -

his herbarium are bent, and possibly twisted only in the process of drying

Vegetatively, M. torta is one of the few species in the genus that can n be easily

recognized. The thick, dark green leaves are long petiolate, the petioles and rami-

cauls being diffusely spotted with purple. The ramicauls, usually engulfed by in-

flated, imbricating sheaths, are produced by a shortly repent, ascending rhizome.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 185. Masdevallia torta

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 367

Masdevallia velifera Rchb.f., ine Chron. n.s., 1: 406, 1874, nomen nudum; et

a Chron. — 2: 98, 1

Ety.: From the Latin elifer, * “cu be ng,”’ in allusion to the broad, descending synsepal.

Syn.: een llia valifer a, sphalm., Gard. Chron. n.s., 10: 364, 1878.

Syn.: Masdevallia vilifera, sphalm., Gard. Chron. n.s., 16: 409, 1881.

Plant large, coarse, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse, fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, purple-black,

3-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly pacar dark green, 12-16

cm long including the petiole 3-4 cm long, the blade elliptical-oblong, subacute to obtuse, 2-2.5 cm wide,

narrowly cuneate below into the blackish petiole. — a large, rah foul-smelling flower,

borne by an erect, stout peduncle 4-5 cm long, with a bract near the base, from near the base of the

ramicaul; floral bract inflated, tubular, 2 cm long; sition el stout, 4-5 cm long; ovary thick, 8-10 mm long;

sepals fleshy, rigid, essentially poe: shiny externally, the dorsal sepal olive green with minute

purple dots within, ovat e, 35 mm lon ong, 23 mm wane, connate to the lateral 8 for 15 mm to form a

broad, cylindrical tube, t he acute apex contracted a slender, green, for-

a rected, 35 mm = the lateral sepals olive green, heavily s wetiused with brown, 40 ee: hie

utely arcuate in the lower , connat

en the base forming a hig deep onan beneath the column- foot, the free portions short, ace

contracted into slender, green tails 25 mm pee petals yellow-green, thickly bliquely

oblong, acute, 13 mm —_ * 5 mm wide, slightly concave seg ae po bas subpetilate; oe sy

a with dark purple elliptical-ovate, subacute, 13 mm long, e, the

ha low pair of toda calli, the base subtruncate, nse beneath; ya on velo aa

ae: te, 9 mm long, the foot 10 mm long with a slender, incurved extension 4 mm lon

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: without locality, 1874,

Patin s.n. (Holotype: K); epiphytic in forest near

Santo Domingo, alt. 2130 m, pero Aug. 1984 by

E. Valencia, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 8 May

1985, C. Luer 11303 (MO). Santander?: reportedly

from near Ocajfia, R. Shuttleworth s.n. (K).

In 1874, the Belgian collector Patin,

who resided in Medellin, Colombia, was

the first to export this species. He sent

living plants to Mr. B.S. Williams of

Victoria and Paradise Nursery in England,

from whence a flower produced the same

year was forwarded to Reichenbach, but

without collection data.

A few years later, Shuttleworth sent

living plants, acne | found in abun-

dance near Ocafia in the Eastern Cordillera

of Colombia, to Mr. Bull. By the last

decade of the nineteenth century, Miss

Woolward noted that the species was rare

in cultivation, no further importations

having been made. Apparently it soon

disappeared from European collections.

“Lost” for nearly a century, this species had been eagerly sought, but in vain,

by collectors. It was not until 1985 that plants discovered near Medellin proved to

be M. velifera. No doubt it was this species to which Lehmann was referring in

Woolward’s monograph when he stated that M. elepanticeps was to be found near

Santo Domingo near Medellin.

The large, dark yellow, fleshy flowers of M. velifera are characterized by the

broad, conspicuous, acutely deflexed synsepal. The strong, disagreeable odor of the

flower, so offensive to the human olfactory sense, must be very attractive to oor

flies. It is the same pungent odor as that of Pleurothallis aphthosa Lindl.

368 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 186. Masdevallia velifera

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 369

MASDEVALLIA SECTION DENTATAE

Masdevallia pin Masdevallia section Dentatae (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst.

Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10, 2000.

Bas.: Masdevalli subgenus Masdevallia section Reichenbachianae subsection Dentatae Luer,

Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. . 16: 48, 1986.

Type: Mackcwithe collina L.O.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. = 93, 1942.

Ety.: From the Latin dentatus, “‘dentate,” referring to toothed petal

Together with section Durae of subgenus Masdevallia and section Polyanthae

of subgenus Polyantha, section Dentatae of Masdevallia is distinguished by a

successively flowered inflorescence, a terete peduncle, and thickly fleshy sepals

variously connate into a sepaline cup or tube. The lip divided by marginal folds

distinguishes subgenus Polyantha, but the two remaining sections of Masdevallia

with an entire lip differ from each other not only in habit, but also in the calli of the

petals and morphology of the lip. The petals of section Dentatae are thickly callous

below the middle with descending processes; the petals of section Durae are with-

out a descending process. The base of the lip of section Dentatae is without cavi-

ties; the base of the lip of section Durae is provided with a pair of concavities.

Only four species meet the above criteria for section Durae. The first to be

described was M. collina from Panama, and the other three are Colombian.

Section Dentatae is distinguished by a caespitose habit; thickly coriaceous

leaves similar to the majority of the genus; a terete peduncle; a successively flow-

ered inflorescence; and fleshy, caudate sepals connate into a tube. The petals are

cartilaginous with thick, descending processes below the middle. The lip is thick,

oblong and subacute or obtuse, with the apex recurved. The disc is shallowly

channeled between callous halves, but without marginal folds.

BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SECTION DENTATAE

M. collina L.O. Williams Plate 187.

M. collina var. macrogenia = M. macrogenia

M. dryada Luer & Escobar Plate 188.

M. macrogenia (Arango) Luer & Escobar ..Plate 189.

M. zapatae Luer & Escobar Plate 190.

370 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1 Sepaline tube cylindrical, more or less arcuate; petals with 2 distinct processes......

M. collina

1’ Sepaline tube sharply deflexed against itself near the middle; petals with 2 con-

fluent 2

2 Lateral sepals with tails longer than the sepaline tube M. dryada

2’ Lateral sepals with tails shorter than the sepaline tube 3

3 Dorsal sepal with the tail subclavate, longer than the sepaline tube

ete M. macrogenia

3’ Dorsal sepal with the tail not subclavate, shorter than the sepaline tube

M. zapatae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 371

Masdevallia collina L.O. Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 11: 95, 1942.

Cc.

Ety.: From the Latin collinus, ‘‘of the hills,” in reference to the area above El Valle where the

species was discovered.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-11 cm long, the blade narrowly obo-

rescence a

gested raceme of 3-5 successive flowers, borne by an erect to suberect peduncle 6-11 cm long, round in

Sains with a bract below the middle and another above the base, from near the base of the rami-

caul; floral bracts oblique, imbricated, 5-10 mm long; pedicels 5-6 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals

glossy deep purple, ies fleshy, apes = dorsal sepal oblong, 17 mm long, 9 mm wide, connate to

the lateral sepals for 14 mm to sepaline tube with a deep mentum, the free portion trans-

versely triangular, ae contracted into a pias reflexed, a tail 16 mm long, the lateral

sepals yellow, connate 15 mm into an ovate synsepal, 18 mm long, 19 mm wide expanded, the free

portions obliquely sea obtuse, 2-3 mm apart, contracted into slender tails 8 mm long; petals

white, marked with rows of minute, transverse, purple bars, oblong, 5 mm long, 15 mm wide, the apex

truncate, shallowly 3-lobulate, both hal a short,

acute, deflexed process near the middle, and another 1 mm long tooth at the base; lip deep ies ovate,

6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, thickened above a middle, broadly concave below the middle, the apex

truncate, recurved, minutely denticulate, the base truncate, — beneath; column white, semiterete, 5

mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a slender, Sebi extensi

PANAMA: Coclé: epiphytic, hills north of El Valle

de Antén, alt. ca. 1000 m, 23 June 1940, PH. Allen

Co)

2158 (Hol MO); s area, 29

June 1946, P.H. Allen 3560 ( ; same area, 2 Se

1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1100 (SE e area,

alt. 900 m, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 17 Apr. 1988,

C. Luer 13244 (MO).

This species, first discovered by Paul

Allen while botanically exploring for the

Flora of Panama, is endemic in central

Panama. It is one of the epiphytic colo-

nizers of cultivated orange groves.

Masdevallia collina is characterized by

a congested, successively flowered raceme

borne by a peduncle round in cross sec-

tion. The rigid flowers with comparative-

ly short tails of the lateral sepals are glossy

deep purple, appearing as if polished.

From a longitudinal callus above the _—

margin of the petal an acute process

present just below the middle, and ose longer, descending process is present at

the base. The ovate lip is with a pair of longitudinal calli above the thickened and

shallowly concave base.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

372

pha ses

sa8 0 = yee

o ease

bien!

BAR ope.

SOP, gates .

Plate 187. Masdevallia collina

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 373

Masdevallia dryada Luer & Escobar, Lindleyana 4: 108, 1989.

Ety.: Named for a Dryad, a wood nymph of Greek mythology.

Plant medium in - caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.5-3 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-10.5 cm long including the peti tiole 1.5-2.5 cm

= the mii elliptical, prmmens to obtuse, 1.2-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflo

ively several-flowered raceme up to 1.5 cm long borne by a slender, erect peduncle 6-10

cm take, wah a bract on the lower third, from low on the ramicaul; floral an tubular, 5-8 mm long;

pedicel 5-8 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm long; sepals white, dotted with purple, the dorsal sepal suboblong,

concave, 8-9 mm long, 6 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a semi-

orbicular, sepaline cup, the apex rounded, contracted into a _ suberect, white tail 20 mm long, the

tera ataseadhy orate, ‘oblique, 7- =n mm re 5 mm wide, co wi mm across an acute, transverse fold

apices nei at 16-17 mm ~~ ie white,

cal with purple, cartilagi nous, more or less ene oeae rene 1-2 mm wide, the apex irregu-

lar, obliquely truncate, the labellar margin thickened with a eae callus ee into a fe

thick, process above the base; lip wii, dotted with purple, 5 mm long ex:

es sera the disc with a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base truncate, notched, hinged

beneath; column white, dotted with purple, = a thin, purple margin, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot

equally long auchitiag a free, incurved extensi

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Yarumal, epi-

phytic in forest between Yarumal and El Cedro, alt.

1850 m, 15 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, S. Dalstrém

& W. Teague 1416] (Holotype: MO; Isotypes:

i oe e same area, collected by W. Kéniger, H.

Koniger & L.C. Vieira, cutiivated in Munich,

Ge “ac 3 Sept. 1988, C. Luer 1374] (MO).

This species was discovered by the

KGnigers in 1988, and in the same area of

forested eastern slopes of the Central

Cordillera it was found to be abundant in

1989. It is closely allied to M. macrogenia,

which occurs on the western slopes of the

Central Cordillera. Both species are

characterized by the sepaline tube acutely

deflexed upon itself, forming a large

mentum with the column-foot. It is distin-

guished from M. macrogenia by the flower

parts of only half the dimensions, but with

longer sepaline tails.

374 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Tan AN, Amn

Aad Dyer She de

Wid Oe, Meh

eae

Plate 188. Masdevallia dryada

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 375

Masdevallia macrogenia Seca Luer & —— peeing ees 13: 79, 1978.

Bas.: Masdevallia collina L.O.Williams var. macro, Arango, Orquideologia 11: 13, 1976.

Ety.: From the Greek ea ‘with a large chin,” referring to the prominent mentum.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1- 2cm long,

enclosed * 2. 3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 7- sis long inclu pada 3

m long petiole, the blade elliptical-obovate, 1.8-2.5 cm wide, with the base cuneate

oe e petiole. Inflorescence an atenesoalent, bopeweed few-flowered raceme bome by a slender, aha

ect to horizontal peduncle 9-14 mm long, with the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral

= of miwstete tubular, 7- mee mm pain oe stag and ovary; ni 4-5 mm long; ovary

with purple spots, 5.5 mm long; sepals shiny bro th darker brown spots, glabrous, carinate

the blade of the dorsal sepal ies 15 mm th 12 mm owe the apex broadly obtuse, contracted into

a slender, Subclavate, green tail 15 mm long, connate to the lateral sepals for 9 mm to form a short,

apices subacute, contracted into slender, green tails 8 mm long; petals light green, spotted with purple,

cblaely —- nel 7m m long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex subtruncate, retuse, the labellar margin ean a low,

callus ending above a larger, thicker callus from the center of the petal and ending in

son ni oe the en lip thick, rose with purple spots, suffused with orange at the apex, cain ng,

2 oy ~ mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex rounded, recurved, stink yoeiet the disc shallowly sulcate

pair of low, heialenstnnst calli, the base subcordate, deflexed, carinate beneath, hinged beneath;

eine mae with purple, semiterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 6 mm long ner an incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Yarumal, La ery

Bodega, Bricejfio, alt. 1400 m, Aug. 1975

Arango 160 (Holotype: JAUM); Valdivia, ‘ tie

zanares,”’ alt. 1200-1500 m, 18 June 1975, collected

by J.M. Serna, cultivated by O.J. Arango at La Estrel-

la, R. Escobar 1623b (JAUM); same collection,

cultivated by O.J. Arango at La Estrella, 24 Jan.

1978, C. Luer 2326 (SEL); ‘‘Frisolera,”’ alt. 1200 m,

Aug. 1974, collected by J.M. Serna, cultivated by M.

& O. Robledo at La Ceja, R. Escobar 1623a (JAUM).

Chocé: Bahia Solano, ‘‘Mecana arriba,”’ alt. 150 m,

24 May 1975, collected and cultivated by G. Misas,

R. Escobar 1626 (JAUM).

This species is endemic in the northern

part of the Western Cordillera of Colom-

bia. It was first described as a variety of

the Panamanian M. collina, which it super-

ficially resembles. Masdevallia macroge-

nia is characterized by a long, more or less

horizontal peduncle that bears an abbrevi-

ated, few-flowered raceme, two flowers

often occurring simultaneously. The

brown-spotted sepals are glossy externally.

A deep transverse cleft across the lateral ;

sepals creates a deep mentum with the column-foot. The petals are thickly callous

with a more or less double process at the base. The oblong lip is arcuate and sulcate

centrally.

376

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 189. Masdevallia macrogenia

=—s

4 Se ie

Pil

oz:

“

\ ade ae de .

=s"s4a% =

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 377

Masdevallia zapatae Luer & Escobar, Novon 1: 175, 1991.

Ety.: Named in honor of Manuel Zapata, a collector, who discovered this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-9.5 cm long including a petiole 1.5-2 cm long,

the blade narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1.6-1.8 cm wide, narrowed below into the petiole.

Inflorescence a congested, parton 4 few-flowered raceme bome by a slender, erect peduncl e 67 cm

long, round in cross section, with Tom low 6

mm long; pedicel 7-8 mm Sei ee 3-4 mm long; sepals red with purple spots, glabrous, the dorsal

sepal obovate, concave, 14 mm | 9 mm wide un esi hat to the lateral sepals for 6 mm to

form a short, cylindrical tube, “a po rounded, contracted into a yellow, f dl narrowly

triangular, acute tail 8 mm long, os lateral sepals broadly ovate, i4 mm 1 long, 10 mm wide, connate 10

mm over a transverse, 180° fold, the fre triangular, descend-

ing tails 4 mm long; petals pink, spotted with purple, — ee 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, 2. 5 mm

wide at the base, the apex obtuse, tridentate, the labellar mar

broad, thick rounded process at the base; lip spotted with purple, oblong, 6 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, the

apex recurved, Sigs witha denticulate margin, th ongitu-

dinal pair of calli, the base thi d, deeply cleft, hinged beneath; “colum n suffused with mse semi-

terete, 3 mm long, the foot thick, 5 mm long, with a slender, incurved sain.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Urrao, ‘‘El

Llavero,”’ alt. 1400-1600 m, collected by M. Zapata

in Nov. 1989, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 4 Nov.

1990, R. Escobar 4054 gia JAUM; Isotype:

MO); C. Luer illustr. 14914

Masdevallia zapatae is closely related

to M. dryada and M. magrogenia, but it is

readily recognized by the short sepaline

tails. The tails are narrowly triangular,

those of the laterals only four millimeters

long. From M. macrogenia, which it

resembles most, it is distinguished by the

less deeply connate dorsal sepal, that is,

connate to the lateral sepals for less than

half its length. The dorsal sepal of M.

macrogenia is connate to the lateral sepals

for far more than half the length.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 190. Masdevallia zapatae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 379

MASDEVALLIA SECTION DURAE

Masdevallia subgenus Masdevallia section Durae (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot.

Polen Bot. Gard. 77: 10, 2000.

Coriaceae subsection Durae Luer, Monogr. Syst.

—n Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 23; 1

Type: Masdevallia dura Luer, Phytologia 39: 197, 1978.

Ety.: From the Latin durus, “hard,” referring to the texture of the flowers.

Although section Durae contains some of the most spectacular species of the

genus, none was known prior to 1978 when M. ayabacana and M. dura were first

recognized. The earliest collection was of M. dura made by Hiibsch around 1884.

Except for the unusual Panamanian M. utriculata that lacks tails of the lateral se-

pals, all are found in southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru

Section Durae is distinguished by thickly coriaceous leaves; a terete, ascending

to horizontal peduncle; a successively flowered inflorescence; long, slender sepaline

tails (except for M. utriculata), and thickly fleshy sepals variously connate into a

sepaline cup or tube. The petals are thick and callous on both halves. The lip is

thick, oblong, and obtuse, with deeply concave, basal lobes. The disc is variously

callous, but without marginal folds.

BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SECTION DURAE

M. ayabacana Luer Plate 191.

M. dura Luer Plate 192.

M. goliath Luer Plate 193.

M. newmaniana Luer Plate 194.

M. panguiénsis Luer & Andreetta Plate 195.

M. princeps Luer Plate 196.

M. regina Luer Plate 197.

M. robusta Luer Plate 198.

M. titan Luer Plate 199.

M. utriculata Luer Plate 200.

380 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1 Dorsal sepal with the tail clavate; lateral POPOIS TAL ESS oc cccsscssscccsns M. utriculata

1’ Sepals with elongate, terete tails é

2 Lateral sepals with the apices more or less conti guous 3

2’ Lateral sepals with the apices diverging .. 8

3 Synsepal ca. 4 cm broad..... 4

3” Synsepal 3 cm or less broad. e 5

4 Synsepal with the tails abruptly reflexed....... M. princeps

4’ Synsepal with the tails extended, not reflexed.. M. regina

5 Sepals with tails more than iZ-em long................ 6

5’ Sepals with tails less than 10 cad long io.....:............ 7

6 Synsepal deeply concave, with the angle between the dorsal sepal and synsepal

a ieee eee evicatbneereesicl fst Relea a ; M. titan

6’ Synsepal shallowly concave, with the angle between the dorsal sepal and synse-

pal icuqo M. goliath

(lesa sraapens et ee ee M. panguiénsis

7° Petals verrucose with a Carina .............. eS oe M. newmaniana

8 Sepals connate into a cylindrical tube... M. dura

8° Sepals connate into # Concave synsepal 9

9 Dorsal sepal shallowly connate to the lateral sepals for less than half its length......

ny ESSE PRE ec eee ae M. ayabacana

9 Dorsal sepal deeply connate to the lateral sepals for more than half its length.........

OFS 998 COS OC twain dy.

HST ogee 3 es a

Peet eeeras

ee eRe M. robusta

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 381

Masdevallia ayabacana Luer, Phytologia 39: a eke

Ety.: Named for the community of Ayabaca near the loc he species P

been collected.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-2 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 10-23

ong, 2.6-3.3 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into an indistinctly petiolate base. a

congested, successively few-flowered raceme borne by a terete, purplish, more or less horizontal to

cite: or eer mar aye, cle 20-35 cm sie pee 2-3 me bracts ime the pil sy from pad on

th 1; floral bract tubular, 15 mm long; pedicel 10-15 mm long; ovary | ong; sepals fle

dark ee nl ha externally, minutely papular pebeacent within, the lade of the dorsal pl

ovate-triangular, 15-20 mm long, 12-15 mm wide , erec

orange to green tail 5-6 cm long, connate to the lateral sepals for 6-9 mm to form a short, conical hl

the lateral as ovate, oblique, 25-35 mm long, connate 17 mm into a a, 26-34 mm wide,

the acute apices aia into tails 4.5-5 cm long; petals — caraginows, anges Ney dotted with

rple, smooth, broadly oblong, shortly unguiculate, 5-5.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the truncate apex

truncate, sub trilobed, aa lves soe shallowly eatin omanilie lip, pclae: orange, dotted with

red-purple, oblong- ligulate, 6.5-7 mm long, 3 mm wide, the omen hid thickened, verrucose, with

recurved margins, the apex rounded with - thick, y continuing to beneath, the disc

shallowly sulcate, the j lumn cream-colored,

stout, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot thick with a very short, incurved extension.

PERU: ?Piura: near Ayabaca, imported by J& L

Orchids from R. Stiimpfle, cultivated 28 Aug. 1976,

C. Luer 2269 (Holotype: SEL). Junin: Chancha- [

mayo, San Ramon, alt. 1200 m, collected by A.

Pizarro, cultivated in Lima, May 1991, by M. Arias S. PS iP F

s.n. (MO), C. Luer illustr. 16330 bea.

This species was first exported from 4

Peru by Rudolf Stiimpfle, apparently with - +

erroneous collection data. The purported a oa

area near the Ecuadorian border has been \

searched for many years by many collec- Ys aa i

tors in vain. It is now known to be locally . # A

abundant in the Chanchamayo valley in Ne a

central Peru.

Masdevallia ayabacana is character-

ized by the long peduncle, which descends a Foe

or ascends to bear successively a large, > \

fleshy, long-tailed flower. The sepals are } :

glabrous externally but minutely papular-

pubescent within. The angle between the &

lateral sepals is broadly obtuse. The thick- A

ly cartilaginous petals are broad, shortly

unguiculate, smooth, and obscurely trilobed at the truncate apex. The lip is oblong,

entire, thickened and verrucose at the apex.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

382

Plate 19], Masdevallia ayabacana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 383

— dura Luer, cers 39: 197, 1978.

From the Latin durus, “hard,”’ in reference to the leaves and flowers.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse, fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-

4 cm long, anal by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, th rigid, 12-28 cm

long including the petiole 2- 5 cm long, the blade linear to narrowly elliptical, obtuse, 2. 3-4 cm wide,

narrowly cuneate below int Inflorescence a successively many-flowered, con-

gested raceme up to 15 cm long, borne by a ‘stout, suberect, transverse to descending peduncle 8-25 cm

long, with 4-5 bracts, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, imbricating, 8-15 mm long; pedicel 5-

15 mm long; ovary thick, 8-9 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, with purple papules; sepals fleshy, thick, rigid,

externally dull yellow, subverrucose, internally verrucose-spiculate, diffusely spotted with purple, the

dorsal sepal ovate, 15 m m long, 11 mm wide, connate hos the lateral nose for 5 mm to form a short,

cylindrical, sepaline tube, the triangular gid, yellow-orange tail ca. ca.

2 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, 15 mm long, 10 mm wi ide, connate 5 m mm,

similar to the dorsal sepal; petals fleshy, cream, marked with purple, clip, a - mm long, 2.5 mm

wide, with a low, curved callus above the lower margin, the apex subtruncate w ick, obtuse tooth

in the middle; lip purple, oblong- -ligulate, 7 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, the apex poi papillose, the

disc papillose with a short pair of curved calli above the middle, the base bilobed with a central sulcus,

hinged below, the basal lobes subhemispherical a concave; column white, semiterete, 6 mm long, the

thick foot 3 mm long with a short, incurved extensio

ECUADOR: Loja: Cordillera de Sabanilla, alt. 2900

m, Sept. 1973, collected by B. Malo & L. Figueroa,

(AMES); epiphytic in cloud forest above Jimbura, Ny

alt. 3150 m, 21 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. :

Héijer & J. Kuijt 9650 (MO) 5

: : a

This coarse species occurs locally and i a

abundantly in cold, cloud forests at 3000 SS '

meters above sea level in southernmost a oe i

Ecuador where it was first collected by f ad

Lehmann. Since in one area it grows a

within sight of Peru, it most certainly will af

eventually be found there. Sometimes

immense accumulations of many hundreds a iy

of plants form on the trunks of old, fallen

trees. i

The unusually hard and rigid, long- ?

lasting flowers are produced successively &

;

in ever-lengthening, more or less pendent

racemes so that the plants remain continu-

ously in flower for years. The sepals are connate into a short, non-dilated, cylindri-

cal tube from which the rigid tails spread. The absence of a tooth at the base of the

petal, and the verrucose lip with a pair of nectaries at the base, hallmarks of the

section, were first noted in this species.

384 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 385

Masdevallia goliath Luer & Andreetta, Novon 2: 6, 1992.

Ety.: Named for the Philistine giant Golyath, because of the i immense size.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, eat roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-2.5 cm oo

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 14-17 ¢

long, 2.5-3.3 cm wide, gradually oral tio into an indistinctly petiolate base. ielbiesatiiiaes a

tubular,

15 mm long; pedicel 10-15 mm long; ovary 101 mm long, sepals fleshy, dark ed pul — exter-

nally, minutely afer ap hpoinaion within, t 0

mm long, 12 mm wide, the acute apex attenuated into a slender, erect, orange to green tail 9-10 cm n long,

nate to the lateral sepals 6 mm to form a short, conical tube, the lateral sepals with elevated veins

within, ip mate 23 mm seine an ovate, broadly and Shallowly T fersien ca. 35 mm long, 28 mm

PE tails 9-10 cm long; petals cartilaginous, yellow,

pens with purple -Vverrucose, broadly o oblong, pede ungiulte, 5.5 mm long, 3.25

mm wide, the tru runcate apex bilobed with a thick, obtuse apiculum in the sinus, both halves callous,

shallowly sulcate centrally; lip, yellow- -orange, dotted with red-purple, thick, blog asa, 6mm

thick inded

pe ng, 2.75 mm wide, the apical ened, VENTION, with reveunte margins ie apex rou! with

a pian callosi ity conti ly sulcate, the base

nian levated hinged beneath; column woh in stout, semiter-

ete, 4mm i the foot thick with a very short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona- -Santiago: epiphytic near

Bomboiza, alt. 1700 m, collected by A. Andreetta,

cultivated at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 13629

pews ype: MO). [

PERU: Amazonas: near Tarapoto, collected by M. xe F

Arias, cultivated by W. Rhodehamel at Hoosier enn,

Orchid Co., Indianapolis, IN, W. Rhodehamel s.n.

(MO).

This large, robust species occurs local- 2

ly in cloud forests of southeastern Ecuador bac ee a

and northeastern Peru. It is most closely 5

allied to M. titan, also from Peru. The two ae .3 i

species are similar, both vegetatively and ae A

florally. Long, ascending peduncles bear f

the flowers in slow succession. The dorsal 7 Reg

sepal and the contiguous lateral sepals, \

each more than twelve centimeters long, ee

Spread in opposite directions. The synse- 5

pal is shallowly concave, presenting a i

more or less flat flower compared to the ;

forwardly held, concave synsepal of M. &

titan. The sepals and petals of the two

Species are very similar.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

386

Plate 193. Masdevallia goliath

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 387

Masdevallia newmaniana Luer & Teague, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

72: 111, 1998.

Ety.: Named for Daniel Newman of San Francisco, California, who cultivates this species.

lant medium in size to large, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls ea

stout, 2-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 13-1 “hs

long including the petiole ca. 3 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 2- 2.5 cm wide, gradual

rowed — into the —— base. Inflorescence a successively few-flowered raceme va by

tere re or less ascending peduncle 27-40 cm long, with 2-3 close bracts below the middle, from ‘be

on the eet floral ae tubular, 12-15 m ribie pedicel 12-15 mm long; ovary 10 mm long; se

fleshy, dark red-purple, glabrous externally, minutely glandular-pubescent a the sine eh wes —

pal wly ovate, acute, attenuated into a eae tail, the total length 95 nnate

to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a short, cylindrical tube, the lateral ane eters ae veins

enge - Comat 15 mm into an ovate, eo and shallowly concave lamina, 20-25 m m long, 20 mm

ated into tails ca. 7 cm long, the | total length $ 9. 5 cm

se ag yellow, dotted with satis aa aspera ng obor at

shortly unguiculate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the sub ate apex retuse, bilobed, both halves callous,

the upper half only at the apex, the lower half eg ia carinate, — et Saige lip,

yellow, sg with red-purple, thick, oblong-obovate, 5.5 mm long, wide, verru minute-

ly irregular margins above the middle, the apex rounded, a smooth, sass callus aes, eee shallow-

ly sulcate eas 3 low veins, the base subcordate, shallowly concave between elevated margins,

~_— —o — greenish white, stout, semiterete, 3 mm long, the foot thick with a very short,

curved exte

ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from

José Portilla, collector, cultivated by Newman in San

Francisco, i ornia, 22 Oct. 1998, C. Luer 18944

(Holotype: MO).

This species is closely related to M.

goliath and M. titan, with which it very

possibly is sympatric in southeastern

Ecuador at a relatively low altitude. It is

distinguished from the latter two by the

smaller habit and smaller flower that

approach those of M. panguiénsis.

rom M. panguiénsis it is distin-

guished by longer, more slender tails and

verrucose petals. From M. goliath and M.

titan it is further distinguished by petals

with a carina above the lower margin, and

an obovate, broadly obtuse lip without the

revolute apex and apical margins.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

388

5 cm

Plate 194. Masdevallia newmaniana

TOTEM Pee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 389

Masdevallia panguiénsis Luer & Andreetta, Phytologia 54: 383, 19

83.

Ety.: Named for the community of El Pangui, near the locality where this species was found.

Pangui from the Shuari panki, ‘‘a boa constrictor.’

nt medium in size, i ng he caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-2.5 cm long,

eviews by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narr owly obovate, 11-14 cm long, 2-2.3

cm wide, the apex obtuse, gradually narrowed below to the subpetiolate ; orescence a succession

solitary flowers borne in a congested raceme 1-1.5 cm long, by an ascending peduncle 11 cm long or

mm long; sepals dark purple, coarsely verrucose within, the dorsal se sepal ovate, ca. 17 mm long, 8 mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 6 mm to form a short, cylindrical tube, the acu i — portion

acuminate into an erect, —— tail ca. 25 mm long, becoming yellow toward the apex, the lateral sepals

ovate, oe ca. 27 mm long, connate 16 mm into a lamina 19 mm wi de, the acute pues acuminate

into rigid tails 1.5-2 cm long; petals dark ip = Beaty, * cuneate, unguiculate, 6m m long, 4 mm wide,

the apex inawie bilobed with an obscure, ob lob tn dark purple,

oblong, flat, 6 mm: long, 2.5 mm wide, the ei use “apex minutely serrulat te, verrucose above the middle,

smooth below the middle itt thin, erect margins above the subcordate base; ports dark purple,

semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the thick foot with a very short, incurved extension,

ECUADOR: Morona- gegen epiphytic in cloud

forest above El Pangui, 1500 m, collected by A.

cultivated at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 13630

(MO).

This species, endemic in southeastern

Ecuador, is related to both M. goliath and

M. titan, but readily distinguished from

them by the much smaller size of the plant

and flowers. In addition, the flowers are

dark purple with shorter tails, verrucose

sepals, smooth petals, and an oblong lip

without decurved margins, and without a

Prominent subapical callus.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 195. Masdevallia panguiénsis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 391

Masdevallia princeps Luer, — 9: 108, 1994.

Ety.: From the Latin princeps, “‘the chief,” referring to the huge, imposing flower.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, -_ 2-2.5 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, , obtuse, 16-25 cm long, 3.5-4 cm

wide, cuneate below into an indstinet petiole ca. 2cm long. Inlorescene a congested, successively

few-flowered raceme borne by a terete, purplish, ascending peduncle up to 38 cm long, 3 mm thick, with

3-4 close bracts below the middle. tes low on the ramicaul; floral ley thin, tubular, 15 mm n long;

pedicel thick, 15-17 mm long; ovary 15 mm long, 5 mm me sepals rigidly fleshy, orange w

purple spots, larger toward the center, glabrous externally, minutely ir ape He within sai

blade of the dorsal sepal narrowly triangular-ovate, ca. 30 mm long, 18 mm wide, the acute apex a

ated into a slender, erect, orange to green tail ca. 15 cm long, connate to the lateral sepals for 7-8 mm a

form a short, conical tube, the lateral sepals connate 35 mm into a semi-orbicular ar synsepal, ca.

long, 45-50 mm broad, deeply concave centrally, with the margins lightly revolute, the apices hea,

— —- attenuated into retroflexed tails ca. 15 cm long; petals a chrig dotted

th purple, minutely subverrucose, oblong, shortly unguiculate, 5.5 mm long, 3.25 m de, the apex

naa bilobed with a thick, obtuse apiculum in the sinus, both halves callous, shallowly sulcate cen-

trally; lip, orange, dotted with red-purple, thick, oblong with the apex defl

8 mm long expanded, 3 mm wide, the apex — tricallous, verrucose, bse ‘eflened the dise ay

sulcate below the middle e, br ‘oadly and shall

to either side of the channel, hinged on the ae column greenish white, stout, semiterete, 3 mm be >

foot thick with a very short, incurved extension.

PERU: San Martin: near Tarapoto, without more

ek collection data, ca. 1980, cultivated by J & L

rchids, Easton, on 12 March 1994, C. Luer 17131

Cale MO); near Tarapoto, obtained from M.

ias, cultivated at =e t Orchid Co., Indianapolis,

IN, W. Rhodehamel s.n. (MO).

This huge species has been in cultiva-

tion since 1980. It was first identified as

M. ayabacana, and it was erroneously

cited as an additional collection of M.

goliath in the description of that species.

It is known to occur near Tarapoto in

Amazonian Peru where it has been found

on a few occasions. It is most closely

allied to M. regina, from which it is readi-

ly distinguished by the acutely reflexed

tails of the lateral sepals.

Masdevallia princeps is characterized

by the thick, leathery leaves; a long,

ascending peduncle; and large, orange,

purple-spotted flowers with long sepaline

tails. The lateral sepals are connate into a

suborbicular, conically concave synsepal wi

abruptly reflexed at their bases. The petals are thick, oblong,

and lobulate at the apex. The apex of the lip is thickly trical

deflexed

ith approximate apices, and the tails are

faintly subverrucose

lous, elongated, and

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

392

DSS

of ’

hye

§ :

a 5%

SS ke

Ee onsets

= Saeed ote!

Pete!

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 393

Masdevallia regina Luer, Siac 3 — Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 113, grb

Ety.: From the Latin regina, “‘que

Plant medium in size to large, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-3 cm itv en-

closed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly — obtuse, 15-20 cm long,

3-3.5 cm wide, gradually cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-

owered raceme borne by a terete, ascending peduncle up to 30 cm long, ae 3-4 close bracts below

middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral cont thin, tubular, 15mm 1 long; pedicel thick, 20 mm long;

ovary 10-12 mm long, 4 mm thick; sepals rigidly fleshy,

cent within, the blade of the dorsal sepal narrowly triangu ular-ovate, ca. 20 mm long, 14 mm wid mm wide i at at the

base, the acute apex attenuated into a slender, erect, green tail 10-11 cm long, connate to the lateral

eck

nate across the convexity for 20 mm into a broadly ovate synsepal, ca. 40 mm long,

apices acute, appro oximate, shortly attenuated into slender, non-retroflexed tails 10-11 cm long; petals

cartilaginous, = dotted with purple, ipa subverrucose, oblong, st shortly v ig , 6 mm long,

3 mm wide, the apex truncate, obscurely trilobed, b Icate centrally; li

range, dotted ma red-purple, thick, oblong, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, th the apex obtuse, verrucose,

po the disc shallowly sulcate on either side of a —s cals above the middle, the base

ma concave to either side of the channel, hinged on ; column greenish white, stout,

semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot thick with a very short, incurved perio sion.

PERU: San Martin: near Tarapoto, obtained from

M. Arias, ca. 1997, cultivated by A. Hirtz in Quito,

Ecuador, 15 Feb. 1998, C. Luer 18701 (Holotype:

MO).

This species is very closely allied to M.

princeps, with which it is reported to have

been collected. It is readily distinguished

from the latter by the acute apices of the

lateral sepals with long, approximate tails

that are not reflexed. In the center of the

Synsepal a well-circumscribed, round

convexity is present. Whether or not this

convexity is peculiar only to this clone is

not possible to say at the present time.

The lip is narrower with the apex obtuse

without a deflexed callus.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 197, Masdevallia regina

—

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 395

Masdevallia robusta Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. nee: Bot. Gard. 72: 113, 1998.

Ety.: From the Latin robustus, “‘robust,”’ referring to the

t large, robust, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 4-5.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 14-21 cm long including the petiole 3-5

cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 2.5-3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into ~ Leos

Inflorescence a loose, i aa few- flo wered raceme borne bya stout, ascending peduncle 22 cm

long, with a bract on the lower quar bove the base.

bract inflated, 15-22 mm long; are 12-15 mm long; ovary 7mm long; sepals dark purple, subcarinate

ong the veins, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, 20 mm long, 16 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the

lateral sepals for 13 mm to form a broad, infundibular, non-gibbous, sepaline tube, the free portion

broadly obtuse, contracted into a slender, purple tail, 5.5-6 cm — the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 35

mm long, connate 18 mm into a lamina 28 mm ea 3-veined, the apices near, acute, contracted into

slender tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals light yellow, dotted with purple, thickly “pyr

ginous, shiny, oblong, irregularly truncate at the apex, broadly short-unguiculate at the base, 6.

long, 3 mm wide, shallowly concave along the central vein, callous on both halves; lip thick, ile,

dotted with purple, oblong with minutely cemculste margins, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex rounded,

with a minutely d 1 beneath, y muricate, shallowly sulcate between a pair of

low, converging calli above the middle, the b rd e, hinged on the end to the

tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 5 mm om the foot thick with the apex of the ovary.

ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from

a collector, cultivated at Orchideeénkwekerij, Ven-

huizen, The Netherlands, 25 July 1998, A.P. Sijm

16520 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 18876

Within the section Durae, this large

species, cultivated without collection data,

but reportedly from Ecuador, is most

Closely allied to M. ayabacana from Peru.

It differs from the latter, as well as from

the other members of the section, by acute,

distinctly petiolate leaves. From M.

ayabacana it also differs in a non-gibbous

Sepaline tube; non-contiguous apices of

the lateral sepals; oblong petals; and a lip

with a keel beneath the apex as well as

with well-developed basal recesses as seen

in M. dura

396 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 198. Masdevallia robusta

fe a

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 397

Masdevallia titan ne Harvard nim in oe 9: 6, 1996. —

Ety.: Named for the T

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots Co —— stout, erect, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, oss nab eect owly obovate, obtuse, 17-20 cm long, 4-4.5 cm

wide, gradually narrowed below into an — a petiolate ie base. Inflorescence a loose, a

few-flowered raceme borne by a terete, purp ji le 30-40 cm long, with

2-3 bracts below the middle, from low o1 nae neon: floral bract tubular, 15 mm long; ado r15-18

mm long; ovary 12 mm long; sepals fleshy, rigid, dark red-brown, glabrous externally,

cent within, the dorsal sepal narrowly triangular, long-attenuate, 12-17 cm long, 15 mm wide, connate to

the lat Ne onical tube, the lateral sepals connate ca. 3 cm into an

ovate lamina, deeply concave centrally and cellular papillose, 4-5 cm long, 27-30 mm wide, the =

2 es approximate and Reais pe into sei 12-13 cm long, the entire length 13-18 cm; petals cartil

us, yellow, dotted with purple, minutely verrucose, broadly oblong, shortly unguiculate, 5 mm oe

alae the trunca shade eaelacan bilobed with a thic £, cltson enieiiees ae esa eh we

callous, shallowly sulcate centrally; lip, yellow-orange, dotted with red-purple, thick oblong-ligulate,

-5 mm long, 3 mm wide, age apical third verrucose, the apex t rounded with thick, revolute margins, the

disc longitudinally sulcate,

en white, ae ‘semiterete, 4mm long, 2 mm thick, the foot thick with a very short, in-

curved extension

rings Amazonas: near Tarapoto, eren by M.

cu 1996, €.

lowe 17967 (Holotype: MO); plant oad ‘tie same

source, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 10

May 1995, C. Luer 17500 (MO)

This large, robust species is closely

allied to Ecuadorian M. goliath, and for

the few years since its introduction, it has

been confused with the latter. Masdevallia

titan is distinguished from the latter by the

somewhat larger habit and larger flowers.

The synsepal projects forward with an

angle of about 90° between the erect dorsal

sepal and the synsepal. The synsepal is

deeply concave centrally, where the sur-

face is covered by papillary cells, larger

than those of the dense, short pubescence

that covers the interior of the sepals. The

Synsepal of the widely spread, flat flower

of M. goliath is shallowly concave. The

apices of the lateral sepals of both species

are approximate and long-attenuate. The

petals and lip of the two species are very similar. When the fl

Species are seen together, the differences are easily recognized.

owers of the two

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

398

(

re:

MS ak oN

—

Sete att ROLY

fees ine * ioe

wie:

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 399

ne utriculata Luer, Phytologia 44: 169, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin utriculatus, “‘with small bladders,” referring to the base of the lip.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5

m long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, close, tubular sheaths. erect, coriaceous, 6-8.5 cm long including an

indistinet petiole 1-1.5 cm long, auanes oblong-obovate, 1.2-1.5 cm wide, subacute to obtuse at the

on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 4 mm long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary subverru-

cose with joie ribs, 3-4 mm long; sepals fleshy, rigid, the dorsal sepal yellow-green, with a few

purple verrucosities within, obovate, 8 8 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral s for 5mm

into a cylindrical tube, the apex subacute, contracted into an erect, thick, subclavate, laterally compressed

yellow-green tail ca. 11 mm long, the lateral sepals yellowish, studded with multiple red excrescences

within, connate 15 mm to form an obovate, coarsely verrucose, bifid lamina 18-20 mm long, 13-15 mm

wide expanded, with the apices subacute; petals yellow, spotted oblong

5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex truncate-retuse, with a itudinal call both borders, the

upper overhanging the apex, the callus a the labellar margin ‘distinct, nant between the basal and

middle thirds; lip dull yellow, diffusely dotted with purple, | thick, obovate, minutely verrucose, 6.5 mm

long, 3 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, verrucose, tudinal

= of oblique calli obtusely angled above the middle, the base bilobed-cordate, each lobe deeply sac-

te, hinged beneath; column yellow, marked with purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot equally long,

with purple, with an incurved extension.

PANAMA: Chiriqui: epiphytic in cloud forest on

Cerro Pate Macho, alt. ca. 2200 m, 27 Feb. 1979, R.

L. Dressler & J. Kuhn s.n. (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer

ustr. 4073; northeast of Boquete, Rio Palo Alto, 19

Nov. 1978, B. Hammel 5758 (MO).

Although this Panamanian species

meets all criteria for section Durae: a

successively flowered inflorescence, a

terete peduncle, and an undivided lip with

a pair of basal ‘‘nectaries,”’ it varies in

several respects from the other species. It

is superficially similar to section Coria-

ceae, but it is excluded because of the

successively flowered raceme.

Masdevallia utriculata is characterized

by a relatively small habit; a short, hori-

oc peduncle; a short, successively

Owered raceme; and a broadly cylindrical

sepaline tube with the widely expanded,

ted-verrucose lateral sepals tailless. The tail of the do

Petals are oblong with a callous lower margin. The lip is 0b

folds, but with a pair of deep concavities at the base.

rsal sepal is clavate. The

long without marginal

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

on we 8 55

is eS,

Ss,

ies

Plate 200. Masdevallia utricularia

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 401

MASDEVALLIA SECTION REICHENBACHIANAE

Masdevallia subgenus Masdevallia section Reichenbachianae Woolward, The

Genus Masdevallia sect. X, 1896.

Type: Masdevallia reichenbachiana Endres ex Rchb.f., Gard. Chron n.s., 4: 257, 1875.

Ety.: Named in honor of Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach d orchidologist and prof

Hamburg Botanic Garden, son of H.G.L. Reichenbach.

Syn.: Masdevallia subsect. Reichenbachianae (Woolward) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Garden 16: 48, 1986.

This section was proposed by Florence Woolward in her Monograph of the

Genus Masdevallia in 1896. It brings together a closely allied group of Central

American species, some of which are difficult to distinguish from each other be-

cause of their similarity and intermediate forms. Woolward included seven species,

to which five are added. The section is closely allied to section Minutae, differing

mostly in the absence of a protruding callus of the petals. Superficially, M. lankes-

teriana appears to belong within section Minutae, but the petals are without a pro-

truding callus. In Icones Pleurothallidinae II (Luer, 1986) the section was divided

into two subsections, but the two species assigned to subsection Dentatae have now

been transfered to section Dentatae.

Section Reichenbachianae is the Central American counterpart of the Andean

section Coriaceae. Only one Andean species, M. mejiana from nearby Colombia, is

included. No species of section Coriaceae is known from Central America, but one

species each of sections Dentatae and Durae occur in Panama.

Vegetatively, the species of section Reichenbachianae are not remarkably dis-

tinct from many other medium-sized species of the genus. The peduncles are terete

and either successively or singly flowered. Species of section Coriaceae are single-

flowered. The sepals are slender-tailed and not usually as fleshy as in section

Coriaceae, and the sepaline tube is often more or less laterally compressed. As im

section Coriaceae, the petals are thick and callous along the labellar margin without

forming a distinct process. The lip, not as thick and verrucose as in section Coria-

ceae, is also more or less oblong and shallowly sulcate centrally between a longitu-

dinal pair of low calli that do not form marginal folds, but occasionally the calli

converge.

BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE

TO SECTION REICHENBACHIANAE

M.calura Rchb fc ccananassnesursunaanscenssenueennssinanenneneniets zi om i

M. chasei Luer... cacilaccduanecenanconesreeneneeemRenee tir ry)

Coe a

Ee ceessssessescnsneccnnnesennnnnnsennnnnnnanmnsssss set TT Plate 204.

M. enallax Koniger ASM. epallax.........c.vssnccorssncseceneennseeeenne tne) e205 706.

M. fullvescens Rolfe...........<......cc..<cccuseccssssssesannnvssesecsnncoesesnnnnnmnsnnmennantet ,

M. funebris Endres ex Kraenzl. = M. reichenbachiana Plate 207.

§ lankesteriana Luer oe conedi nas ereneenenpeen ete marae ue 208.

M. Mmarginella Rchbf. vin et TI TI ga a

M. mejiana Garay «snc aideuasbpbevse soy manneenmeenmneamne tee ail ey

M. normanii hort. = M. reichenbachiana Plate 210.

M. polita Luer & SUFI ses sineoveoceeennnsivecrconierendeseonnimrennenrmn cme x

402 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

M. reichenbachiana Endres ex RCHD.f..........ccccccssessssesssscssessssseesess... Plates 211, 212.

M. reichenbachiana var. aurantiaca Rchb f. = M. reichenbachiana

M. reichenbachiana var. funebris (Endres ex Kraenzl.) Kraenzl.=M. reichenbachiana

M. rolfeana Kraenzl. ...... Plate 213.

M. schroederiana Sander ex Veitch .... Plate 214,

M. schroederiana var. fulvescens (Rolfe) Kraenzl. = M. fulvescens

vith whesad; ot a

Plate 215.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SECTION REICHENBACHIANAE

1 Inflorescence simultaneously 2-flowered; flowers yellow-white.......M. marginella

" Inflorescence singly or successively flowered......... 2

2 Peduncle less than 3 cm long; lip triangular; flower purple-brown........M. demissa

2’ Peduncle more than 3 cm long; lip oblong 3

Pee eeseeenes

3 Sepals deeply connate into a cylindrical, ventricose tube 4

3° Sepals variously connate, but not into a tube as above. 5

4 Sepaline tube constricted in distal third... M. polita

4 Sepaline tube only slightly constricted at the gaping orifice M. enallax

a Flowers sm: Il; sepals less than 4 cm long including the tail 6

Flowers large; sepals more than 5 cm long including the tail 7

vs ine tube yellow, striped in oe i M. lankesteriana

6 — tube white or yellowish, or variously suffused with purple, not with

HE Ylanee* airs; en 8

7 Sepaline tube arcuate with the lateral sepals compressed, white with yellow tails...

a re rite M. chasei

Sepaline tube neither arcuate nor compressed, yellow-orange M. walteri

SHEVO PSUS T ecb wenueLL

! ria oe Pressed; dorsal sepal with the apex and tail recurved......... 9

Bihar: ee > dorsal Sepal decurved before the tail ascends 10

9F :

9’ Sie re the syn Sepal more than 3 cm broad.............. M. reichenbachiana

Wer small with the Synsepal ca. 1 em broad M. mejiana

OOO Otte ee eee ee

10 Peduncle less than 4 cm Ion

; 8; flower dark ie. M. rolfeana

10° Peduncle More than 5 cm long re age aes : ll

1 ;

e — = Slender, arcuate, colors often pale......... M. fulvescens

me tube conical, more or less dilated above the middle .12

12 Sepaline ta;

i se tails less than 4 cm long; sepals dark purple... M. calura

ine tails more than 6-8 cm lo

RES ese cees.

Ng; sepals white, suffused with bright purple...

eee M. schroederiana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 403

Masdevallia calura Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 19: 230, 1883.

Ety.: From the Greek calura, “beautiful tail,” referring to the sepaline tails.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, 8-12 cm long including a pe-

tiole 2-5 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 1.2-2.2 cm wide,

gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-flowered

raceme 1-2 cm long, borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle, 6-10 cm long, with a bract

base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10 mm long; pedicel 10-15 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm

long; sepals deep purple, glabrous, minutely subverrucose within, the dorsal sepal oblong, 15-17 mm

long, 7 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 15 mm into an arcuate, conical sepaline tube, the free

portion triangular, obtuse, contracted into a slender, ascending, yellow-green tail 3-4 cm long, the lateral

sepals convex, connate 15-20 mm into an elliptical, bifid lamina, 20 mm long, 12-14 mm wide

the apices adjacent, subacute, contracted into tails 2.5-3 cm long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal;

petals dull white, diffusely flecked and suffused with purple, thick, oblong, obtuse to rounded at the

apex, 5.5-6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the labellar half with a low, thick call ding i bt gh

above the unguiculate base; lip diffusely flecked and suffused with purple, suboblong, 5.5 mm long, 2.5

i the di i ically sub ith ir of erect, longitudinal calli

used

mm wide, the apex obtuse, /p y rucose th a p

in the middle two-thirds, the base cordate with erect margins, hinged beneath; column white, suffi

with purple, semiterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: Without locality, collected by

Lehmann, imported in 1882 by Messrs. F. Sander &

Co. at St. Albans, flowered in 1883, EC. Lehmann

s.n. (Holotype: W). Cartago: Cartago, alt. 6,000-

7,000 ft., 1923, C.H. Lankester 374 (AMES); Jicaril-

la Irazu, alt. 6,000 ft., CH. Lankester 969 (AMES);

road to Palmital, alt. 1800-2000 m, 14 Nov. 1979, K.

Walter 79418 (CR); Volc4n Turrialba, alt. 2000 m,

Mar. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, T. Linder & W.

Rhodehamel 12130 (MO). Puntarenas: Rincén de

Osa, alt. 200-300 m, 6 Feb. 1974, R. Liesner 1760

(MO); Peninsula de Osa, Rio Sierpe, alt. 100 m, 31

Mar. 1991, B. Hammel 18182 (MO); Monteverde,

Cerro Amigos, alt. 1700-1800 m, 23 May 1977, VJ.

Dryer 1374 (CR). San José: Cerro Zurqui, alt. 1600

m, 13 Sept. 1978, C Todzia 438 (CR); San Cristébal

Norte, alt. 1900 m, 8 Oct. 1978, C. Todzia 460 (CR).

Guanacaste: road to San Gerardo, alt. 1600 m, 9

ann; 1989, W. Morris & J.T. Atwood 4031 (CR,

UVYeL

_ This species was exported from Costa

Rica by Lehmann to F. Sander & Co. in

England. A flowering plant was forward-

ed to Reichenbach, and he received anoth- : :

er from Mr. Bull. Although he chose to name this species for a beautiful tail .

maked no reference to the sepaline tails other than that they “surpass the length 0

the floral body.”

Although vegetatively similar to most of the other medium-s!

Senus, M. calura is distinguished by the peduncle nearly as long

a congested, successively few-flowered raceme of deep purple flowers.

Sepaline tube is conical with an obsolescent chin. The lateral sepals are eee

“onvex within, nearly in apposition. The purple petals are oblong po

oblong, obtuse lip bears an elevated, longitudinal callus.

zed species of the

as the leaf, and

The

ave,

the

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 201, Masdevallia calura

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 405

Masdevallia chasei Luer, Phytologia 46: 394, 1980.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Mark Chase of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, who with Dr. Kerry

Walter first discovered this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-3 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-13 cm long ae the petiole

2- 5 cm long, the blade narrowly obovate, _— to obtuse, 1-1.4 cm wide, gradually narrowed below

to the slender petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, usually followed by a sssaak borne by an erect

to suberect peduncle, 4-8 cm long, witha ata near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract

tubular, 10-12 mm long; pedicel 18-20 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals light yellow, veined in

purple toward the base, glabrous, the dorsal rng oblong 17 mm long, 7 mm wide, connate to the lateral

with the apex obtuse, contracted into a forwardly divecti, sender, yellow tail ca. 1.5 cm na the lateral

sepals connate 18 mm into an Sp ene wy letters: lamina 22 mm long, 15 mm wide ex bifid

into subacute apices, contracted into tails m long; sicial dark rose, oblong-elliptical, both halves

longitudinally thickened, 4.5 mm long, oe mm phe the apex obtuse to rounded, the labellar margin

li . : :

semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot stout, 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: epiphytic near Monte-

verde Forest Preserve, alt. eno 1700 m, 15 Aug.

1979, K.S. Walter & M. Chase 79306 (Holotype:

SEL; Isotype: CR); Aimliesecde, Pacific watershed,

alt. 1450-1650 m, 11 Oct. 1975, W. Burger & R.

Baker 9665 (CR, F): Monteverde, Cerro Amigos, alt.

1700-1800 m, 23 May 1977, VJ. Dryer 1390 (CR);

along path leading to the entrance of the Forest

Preserve, alt. 1400 m, 24 June 1981, C. Luer & A.

prciid oa EL); Monteverde, alt. 1700 m, 24 Aug.

1985, W. Haber 2334 4 (MO); Pefias Blancas, 27 July

1986, W. Haber & E. Bello 5780 (MO); Upper San

1500 m, 12 Oct. 1989, W. Haber & W. Zucho mre

9551 (CR, MO): ae north on Monteverde,

alt. 1500 m, 12 Oct. 1989, W. Haber & W. Zuchowski

9551 (CR, ee road to ie alt. 1660 m, 9 Dec.

1989, W. Morris & J. T. Atwood 4032 (CR, SEL);

Tilaran, Miarecosit, alt. 1500 m, 15 Aug. 1995, D.

Penneys 653 (INB, MO)

This species is endemic to the forests

within and Surrounding the Monteverde a ‘oes

Forest Preserve where it is not uncommon. Vegetatively, it is similar to mos aid

medium-sized species. The inflorescence is basically similar to most of ace

in the section: a more or less laterally compressed, light yellow, acume tively

usually followed by a second; thick, obtuse, toothless petals; and a compara

simple, oblong lip.

406 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 202. Masdevallia chasei

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 407

Masdevallia demissa Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 2: 9, 1887.

Ety.: From the Latin demissus, “drooping, humble,” referring to the habit of the plant.

Plant medium in size, _— caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-13 cm long including the petiole 2-3.5

cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, obtuse, 1.2-1.7 em wide, narrowly Cantal below into the peti

Inflo sin a —. flower born e by a slender, 2-3 cm long, with

above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 7-10 mm long; pedicel 10-15 mm long;

ovary 5 mm an ong; hes sepal dull yellow within, suffused with red-brown externally, glabrous, obovate

13 mm long, 6 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 10 mm to forma cylindrical. sepaline tube, the

— triangular, free portion contracted into a slender, orange, up-curved tail 20-22 mm petting lateral

s dull reddish purple- brown, lightly verrucose within, ovate, oblique, 20 mm lon 6

aa amina 13 mm wide with a shallow secondary mentum, the acute apices ceimed into slender,

sitio, recurved tails 10-15 mm long; petals purple, elliptical, obtuse, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the label-

lar margin thickened, with an obtuse angle above the base; lip covered with confluent, red- purple dots,

narrowly triangular, the apex acute, orange, the disc witha

calli above the middle, the b : h hite, semiterete, 5 mm long, the

foot 2 mm long with an incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: without locality or collector, import-

ed, 1887, by Messrs. Shuttleworth and Carder s.n.

alt. 1425 m, 28 Mar. 1924, P.C. poe 39247

(AMES). Without locality or collector, obtained

from J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, cultivated at

Colomborquideas, El Retiro, Colombia, 9 May 1985,

C. Luer 11313 (M

The firm of Shuttleworth & Carder of

Clapham, England, first imported this

species from Costa Rica, but without

collection data. It was soon widely culti-

vated. It is apparently seldomly collected,

but nevertheless, it is still well represented

in collections today.

Vegetatively, M. demissa is average in

Size, and distinguished by a small, brown-

ish flower borne by a short peduncle. The

sepals are lightly verrucose within with

slender, recurving tails about as long as

the blades, and the lip is narrowly triangu-

lar.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 203. Masdevallia demissa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 409

Masdevallia enallax K6niger, Arcula 2: 33, 1994, as M. epallax.

Ety.: From a mistaken word, there being no epallax known in Greek. However, the Greek enallax,

“crosswise,” referring to the crossed tails, was no doubt intended.

Plant medium in size, in cultivation only, cae pit lender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 9-12 em long including the

petiole 2-2.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1.5-2 cm wide, the base narrow! into

slender petiole. Inflorescence a soli flower, usually followed by a second, borne by a slender, suber-

ect peduncle 5-7 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 10 mm

long; pedicel 12 mm long; ovary 6-8 mm long; sepals suffused with purple, more darkly along the veins,

orange at the b glabrous externally, mi pically pubescent within, the blade of the dorsal

obovate, 23 mm long, 11 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 18 mm into a cylindrical tube, the

free portion triangular, obtuse, contracted into an erect, slender, yellow-green tail 15 mm lon lateral

sepals connate 24 mm into a broadly elliptical, ventricose lamina 28 mm long, 18 mm wide expanded,

the apices obtuse, contracted into tails similar to that of th pal; p pale y , oblong, 8.5

mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, obscurely bilobed, with a low, longitudinal callus along the

labellar half terminating in a low, rounded callus at the base; lip yellow-green, suffused and dotted with

purple, oblong, obtuse, 9.5 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, the disc with a pair of low, smooth, longitudinal

calli near the middle, the base very shallowly concave, subtruncate, hinged beneath; column pale green

with purple margins, semiterete, 6.5 mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm long with a thin, incurved extension.

Without collection data, cultivated in Munich, Germany, by W. Kéniger WK-1 (Holotype: M; clonotypes

K, Herb. Helga K6niger); cultivated by A.P. Sijm in Venhuizen, the Netherlands, Mar. 1999, C. Luer

19078 (MO)

This plant was reported to have been in cultivation in Munich, Germany, by

Willibald Koniger for about ten years at the time it was described in 1994. There

are no collection data, the plant apparently having appeared spontaneously in a pot

with M. marginella. Therefore, it was thought that the country of origin might have

been Costa Rica. However, a single, cultivated plant with a strange flower and

without collection data is usually a spontaneous hybrid, or an artificial hybrid of

forgotten origin. Masdevallia ligiae and M. senghasii immediately come to mind.

ybrids, sometimes of recognizable parentage, but more often not, continually

appear in the open greenhouses of Colomborquideas in Colombia, but much less

commonly in closed greenhouses. :

Although the deeply connate sepaline tube would suggest subsection Saltatrices,

4 successive flower, and petals without a protruding, callous process, suggest a

relationship with the Costa Rican species of section Reichenbachianae. Vegetative-

ly similar to species of section Reichenbachianae, this plant is distinguished by a

purple, broadly cylindrical flower with a ventricose dilatation, much greater or

that of M. rolfeana. The toothless petals and entire lip also are in agreement =

the Reichenbachianae. Therefore, this taxon is included here for its similarities and

€ ease of identification. tee

A similar plant with a similar story has also appeared in the large em

A.P. Sijm in the Netherlands. It differs mostly in the shape of the sepetine (ave.

Merely for the sake of identification of these two taxa, they are included here.

410 _ ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 204. Masdevallia enallax

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 4]]

Masdevallia fulvescens Rolfe, Gard. Chron. ser. 7 8: 325, 1890.

Ety.: From the Latin fulvescens, “tawny.

Syn.; Masdevallia schroederiana var. perniic (Rolfe) Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.

Beih. 34: 83, 1925.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.5

= fing enclosed by 2- 3 = ular ein Leaf crec rect, coriaceous, 6-11 cm long including the petiole 1.5-

subacut btuse, 1-1.7 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the

rid Ty Aetowcemes a single ees borne successively in a few-flowered raceme by a slender, erect

pecuncle 7-10 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10-15

mm long; Sen 12-20 mm long; ovary 4- 7 mm long; sepals light yellow, suffused with dull purple-

brown mostly on the lateral sepals, glabrous , 20 mm long, 8 mm wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for 15-18 mm to form a narrowly cylindrical, slightly arcuate, slightly later-

ally tenis sepaline tube, the free Portion triangular, acute, contracted into a slender, forwardly

ted, yellow-green tail, 5-7 cm m long, th z te, oblique, 25-27 mm long, connate 18-

23 mm to i orm a lamina 14-16 mm m wide, the free portions narrowly ovate, eee acute,

into slender tails 4-5.5 cm long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, more or less

lightly dotted with purple, 5-6 mm long, 2.5 mm as

wide, the apex obtuse, the labellar half with a broad,

longitudinal callus; lip white, dotted with purple,

oblong-subpandurate, subacute, the tip recurved, 6

mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the disc with a pair of low,

longitudinal calli, the base subcordate, hinged be-

neath; white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot

1 mm long with an incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: without locality, imported by F.

Horsman s.n. (Holotype: K); without locality, col-

lected by L. Glicenstein, cultivated by P. Jesup in

Bristol, CT, 24 Nov. 1977 , C. Luer 2240 (SEL);

without locality, cultivated at Sasa Soe Apr.

1991, C. Luer — 6 (MO). San José: cloud forest

between Casamata and Sierra, alt. 1500-2000 m,

in Munich by W. Kéniger s.n. (M: Herb. H —

same a cultivated 10 Sept. 1986, C. Lue

11601 (MO).

The specimen, originally described by

Rolfe, had been imported by Messrs. F.

Horsman and Co. of Colchester, England,

Supposedly from Colombia, but there is no

doubt that its true origin was Costa Rica.

It has never been collected in Colombia;

its affinity is with the Costa Rican species,

and it has been found growing there on

Several occasions.

Masdevallia fulvescens seems most

Closely allied to M. schroederiana, and it

seems to be little more than a depauperate

°r a poor form of the latter. It is rec-

ognized by the pale yellowish flower

Variously suffused with purple, and with a

“ompressed, narrowly cylindrical, arcuate

€ tube with long, slender tails. The

Petals and lip are similar to those of M.

Schroederiana and its close allies. Plate 205. Masdevallia fulvescens

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

412

Plate 206. Masdevallia fulvescens

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 413

Masdevallia lankesteriana Luer, Lindleyana 10: 20, 1995,

Ety.: Named in honor of Charles Lankester whose ga

o B et WILT

at Cartago, Costa Rica.

Plant medium in size, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3

loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-12 cm long including the petiole 2.5-3 cm long, the

blade narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1.2-1.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole.

Inflorescence a single flower produced successively in a congested, few-flowered raceme by a slender,

erect peduncle 9-11 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular.

10 mm long; pedicel 15 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals fleshy, glabrous, dull rose with dark

mm to form a cylindrical, sepaline tube, the apex subacute or obtuse, contracted into an antrorse,

tail 23 mm long, 1.5 mm thick, the lateral sepals rose, each 3-striped with dark purple, connate 14 mm

into an obovate, bifid lamina, 18 mm long, 18 mm wide, th pi b contracted into thick tails

15 mm long; petals white with purple midvein, oblong, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex rounded, the

labellar margin with a low, longitudinal callus ending in a thicl gle below the middle, the base subun-

guiculate; lip pale rose, dotted with purple above and below the middle, oblong-subpandurate, 6 mm

long, 3 mm wide, the apex rounded. acutely decurved, the disc with a pair of low, longitudinal calli,

obtusely angled above the middle, the base cordate, each sid ith thi t margins, hinged

neath; column white, semiterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with an incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: Without collection data, flowered in

cultivation at Lankester Gardens, Cartago, Costa

Rica, 7 May 1995, C. Luer 17383 (Holotype: CR;

: MO).

With the yellowish, cylindrical, sepa-

line tube prominently striped with purple,

this species superficially resembles the

frequent, morphologically variable M.

striatella. From the latter it is distin-

guished by the larger habit; much longer,

terete peduncles; and longer sepaline tails

as long as or longer than the blades. The

petals are obtusely callous on the labellar

Margin. The lip is oblong with a recurved

— and with a pair of low, longitudinal

calli.

ot ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 207. Masdevallia lankesteriana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 415

Masdevallia marginella Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 20: 38, 1883.

Ety.: From the Latin diminutive of margin, “a little margin,”’ possibly in reference to the minutely

toothed margin of the apex of the lip.

Syn.: Masdevallia costaricensis Rolfe, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 8: 183, 1890.

Ety.: Named for Costa Rica, the country of origin of the plant.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, Caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 1.5-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceousa, 5.5-10 cm long including a pe-

tiole 1.5-3 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 2-2.5 cm wide, the base cuneate into the led pe-

tiole. Infl rescence a 2- owered, sublax raceme, the 2 fl ly iE imulta occa-

sionally 1-flowered, produced by a slender, suberect peduncle 5.5-9 cm long, with a bract above the

base € ramicaul; floral bracts thin, tubular, 9-11 mm long; pedicels 9-12 mm long, ca. 5

apart; 5 mm long; sepals yellowish white, with yellow or green veins, glabrous, the

sepal oblong, 15-17 mm long, 6 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 12-14 mm to form a funnel-

shaped, lightly compressed, sepaline tube, the short free portion bi yo , contracted into a sub-

erect, slender, orange tail 30-35 mm long, the lateral sepals connate 12-14 mm into an obovate, bifid

amina 20-23 mm long, 14-16 mm wide together, the free porti te, subacute, contracted into t

23-27 mm long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, more or less oblong, obtuse, 6 mm long,

3 mm wide, the labellar margin callous, obtusely angled in the lower third; lip white, faintly suffused

with rose, oblong-pandurate, 7 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, constricted above the middle, oe third

yellow, obovate, subtruncat d retuse with denticulat gins, the b beordat

base shallowly concave, hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long

with an incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: without locality or collector, import-

ed by Messrs. Sander of St. Albans, England, ca.

1882 F. Sander s.n. (Holotype: W); without locality

or collector, imported by Messrs. Sander of St.

Albans, England, cultivated 1890 by S. Courtauld

5.n. (holotype of M. costaricensis: K). Cartago:

epiphytic in cloud forest near San Cristébal, alt. 1800

m, June 1980, L.D. Gémez 7271 (CR); same area, alt.

1800 m, 22 June 1981, C. Luer, A. Luer & L.D.

Gémez 6397 (SEL). San José: above Concepcién,

collected by R. Escobar, 1983, cultivated at Colom-

tquideas, 20 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13264 (MO).

Although having been collected late in

the nineteenth century near centers of

Population, M. marginella remained lost

Tom cultivation until recently. Other

Species had been in the trade under that

name (e.g. M. verecunda). Masdevallia

marginella was first imported with plants

of M. reichenbachiana from Costa Rica

about 1882 by Messrs. Sander of St.

Albans, England. A flowering specimen ntly from the same

Was forwarded to Reichenbach in Hamburg. gp ci aide iad in

Source were cultivated by S. Courtauld, Esq. of Bocking P ny shell t again.

1890, a flowering specimen was submitted to Rolfe at a . :

Although Reichenbach’s herbarium had been sealed pt in ieee existed in the

Cording to his will, his clear description of M. marginella 1

Gardeners’ Chronicl

é. : led to the re-

__ A painting of this species by the late Dr. Rafael Ley pe omen semen}

Introduction of this species into cultivation when Dr ae .

ered where he had seen it. It grows intermixed at M. marginella is distin-

chiana, and M. rolfeana. Although vegetatively gouge ckened labellar margin

8ulshed by the two yellowish, simultaneous sateen saricidide.

Of the petals is dilated, and the apex of the lip is minutely

416 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

“IN

ean oe 4 ve

Plate 208. Masdevallia marginella

5 cm

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 417

Masdevallia mejiana Garay, Orquideologia 6: 17, 1970.

Ety: — in honor of Alvaro Mejia of Medellin, Colombia, in whose orchid collection this species

was discovered.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheat vo Laat erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 7-12 cm long including the

1.5-3.5 cm long, the blade ellip , 1.8-2.5 cm wide, gradually

below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary Hower, occasionally followed Pa a second, borne by a

slender, erect to suberect peduncle 4.5-7 cm long, w

floral bract tubular, 6-8 mm long; eg 11-16 mm long; ovary greenish ed 5- 8 mi mm m long: sepals sepals

white, the dorsal sepal suffused with yellow along the sides, obovate, 16 mm long, 12 mm wide, connate

to the lateral sepals for 10-12 mm to form a cylindrical, slightly arcuate, — ne tube, the apex obtuse,

contracted into an erect, thick, orange tail 3.5-5.5 cm long, 2 mm broad, the lateral sepals lightly suffused

with pink, stray gan — purple near the middle, connate 16 mm oe an obovate lamina, 20 mm

long, 18 mm wide, with a short but distinct mentum below the column-foot, the obtuse,

contracted

_ Coe tls similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 7-8 mm long, 2. 25 mm

cate, obscurely tridentate, the labellar margin with a low, longitudinal callus, di

piesa the riddle: lip white, oblong, 5.5- “ mm long, 2.5- 3. 25 mm wide, the apex broadly obtuse or

rounded, revolute, the disc with a low, lon inal, ll te, hinged be-

neath; column white with purple margins, caine, 5.5-6 mm long, the foot 3 mm long, with an in-

curved extension

OLOMBIA: Antioquia: without collection data,

by E. Valencia, cultivated by R. Escobar, ‘Medellin,

11 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14119 (MO).

This species occurs at a relatively low

altitude, less than 1000 meters above sea

level, in the northern part of the Western

Cordillera of Colombia. It is reported to

grow in high branches of tall trees in

considerable sunlight, flowering profusely

during the dry season between December

and February. In cultivation, plants flower

intermittently through the year.

Masdevallia mejiana, a South Ameri-

can ally of the Central American species

of section Reichenbachianae, is distin-

guished by the white flowers with the

lateral sepals deeply connate into a broad synsepal and with broad, oran

Second flower often follows the first. The petals are callous ont

Without a protruding process. The lip is oblong with the trunca

recurved.

he an fae

te apex shortly

418 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 209. Masdevallia mejiana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 419

Masdevallia polita Luer & Sijm, hybr. n

Ety.: From the Latin politus, ‘‘polished,”’ referring to the reer eins of the iets tube,

— haec M. enallaci Koniger affinis, sed

medium in size, in cultivati it ts slender. Ramica' uls slender, erect, 1.5

cm long, poet by 2-3 shih tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8 cm long incl petiole

2 cm long, the blade a elliptical, subacute, 1.5 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the pe-

iole. Inflo’ litary flower, followed by d slender, suberect 7om

long, with a bract — _ base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts 5-7 mm long; cna 12-18

mm long; ovary

the blade of the dorsal spa oblong, 21 1 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, » connate to = lateral sepals for for 19 mm

triangular, broadly contract-

ed into a slender, net tai Crceaet directed tail 9 mm long, the lateral oath connate 18 mm into an

oblong, ventricose lamina 20 mm long, 13 mm wide expanded

similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals pale aon oblong, a mm 1 long, fa 15 mm wide, the apex ob-

tuse, Aare bilobed, with a low, longitudinal c

rouni us at the base; lip yellow, dotted wi nice nao ovate, obtuse, 8 mm long, 3,75 ram

wide, with , the disc with a pair of low, smooth, longitudinal calli

above the middle, the base very shallowly concave, anenea A

with purple margins, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot thick, 2 mm ive ‘with a short, incurved extension.

Without collection data, cultivated at Orchideeénkwekerij, Venhuizen, the Netherlands, August 2000, by

A.P. Sijm 200329 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19387.

This plant has been in cultivation by A.P. Sijm in Venhuizen, the Netherlands,

without collection data. It is similar to M. enallax, which he also cultivates without

collection data. Most likely these two taxa are spontaneous hybrids of mixed paren-

tage. One parent of each probably belongs to subsection Saltatrices, because of the

elongated, sepaline tube, but the other parent is obscure. These taxa key out to

section Reichenbachianae, because of the successively flowered raceme, petals

without a protruding process, and an entire lip without marginal folds.

Masdevallia polita is distinguished from M. enallax by the glossy brown sepa-

line tube which is ventricose and constricted above the middle. The tube of the

latter is broadly cylindrical and less ventricose. The sepaline tails of M. polita are

directed forward from a non-dilated orifice, while the tails of the latter are recurved

from a dilated orifice. The petals are similar, but the lips differ in minor degrees.

The plant is included in this work simply because it exists. Its recognition will

assist persons who will eventually meet and deal with this taxon in the future.

420 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 210. Masdevallia polita

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 421

Masdevallia reichenbachiana Endres ex Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 4: 257, 1875.

Ety.: Named for Professor Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (1823-1889), renowned orchidologist

and professor of botany and director of the Botanic Gardens at Hamburg University.

Syn.: Masdevallia normanii hort., sec. Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 16: 230, 1881.

Ety.: Named for the Rev. J.B. Norman in whose collection the species flowered.

Syn.: “a alg reichenbachiana var. aurantiaca Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 20: 360, 1883.

Ety.: From the Latin setiiaines, “orange-c ae referring to the color-form

Syn.: Masdevallia funebris Endres ex Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1 = be 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin funebris, “pertaining to a funeral,” in vata to the dark co}

Syn.: Masdevallia reichenbachiana var. funebris (Endres ex Kraenzl.) Kraenzl., a. Spec. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 83, 1925.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec t, coriaceous, 8-12 cm long including a opment 2-

3 cm long, the blade elliptical- obovate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 1.8-2.3 cm wide, gradually nar.

rowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a congested, oS few-flowered raceme 1-2 cm

long, borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle, 10-14 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low

on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 12-18 mm long; pedicel 15-20 mm long; ovary 6-7 mm long; sepals

pale green, variously suffused with purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal suffused with orange within, ob-

long, 35 mm lon “5 10-13 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 24 mm to — a funnel-shaped,

sepaline tube, the free portion acute, recurved, Serene into a eaenaie, recurved, tail 3-4 cm long,

lateral sepals rose to yellow-white above the ly, white suffused sas purple along the

veins externally, 33 mm long, connate 30 mm into a convex, ovate, bi fi ina 24 mm wide ex

4 narrow, longitudinal mentum, with the acute apices mite sone nit slender tails 2-3 cm

long; ng wie, elliptical, Gptane to obanurely bilobed att apex, 6 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the

“ite i base; big white, oblong, 6 mm

2.5 mm acy i apex obtuse with a recurved tip, the ‘disc longitudinally thickened, the

hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a short extension.

COSTA RICA: Without he 1875, A. Endres II-

257 (Holotype: W). rtago: Tablazo, south of

irtago, A. a car, (645) (holotype of M. fune-

bris: W): collected by Endres via Veitch, cultivated

‘a K.S. Walter 79416 (CR); epiphytic in cloud

Ps "ed San Cristébal, alt. 1800 m, 22 June 1981,

ips 7 A. Luer & L.D. Gomez 6398 (SEL). Hered-

ig oo Central de i alt. 1600-1700 m, 27

os 929,C.W.D odge, J. Valerio et el. 6145

S); Santa Maree 15 oki ay 1928, H.E. Stork

= Aca - Without collection data, cultivated r

. Gniger in Munich, Germany, 24 Aug. 1994,

r 10429 (MO).

a handsome Costa Rican species

Irst discovered by Endres who sent friend,

living plants to eae with the request that it be named in port si a ,

Ofessor Reichenbach. Reichenbach obliged. Plants, B. Norman became

from Endres via Messrs. Veitch in the collection: of the Rev. J- ‘osta Rica, this species

known horticulturally as M. normanii. Endemic i — M. marginella,

is un ncommon, een occurring with M. calura, the i

and M. rolfean

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

422

Plate 211. Masdevallia reichenbachiana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 423

Vegetatively, M. reichenbachiana is indistinguishable from the above related

compatriots. A large, showy flower is borne successively near the tips of the

leaves. In varying intensity of colors, the sepals are usually whitish and delicately

suffused with orange within and purple externally. An orange-colored form was

recognized by Reichenbach as var. aurantiaca, and a dark-purple form was de-

scribed by Kranzlin as var. funebris. The slightly arcuate, sepaline tube is conical.

The free portion of the dorsal sepal and its tail are recurved. The mostly white

synsepal is expanded beyond the tube with decurved tails. The petals are white and

oblong with a smooth callus on the lower half. The lip is oblong and obtuse with a

low, longitudinal, central thickening.

424 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 212. Masdevallia reichenbachiana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 425

Masdevallia rolfeana Kraenzl., Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 9: 488, 1891.

Ety.: Dedicated to Robert Allen Rolfe, orchidologist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-2.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, 5-10 cm long including a pe-

tiole 1-2 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1.3-1.6 cm wide, gradually

narrowed below into the indistinct petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, sometimes followed bya

second flower, borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle, 3-4 cm long, wi near the base,

from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 12-13 mm long; pedicel 12-13 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm

long; sepals dark reddish purple, yellowish toward the base, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, 22 mm

+, “4 1 bg 4 he free .

portion

long, 11 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 15 fF a portion

decurved, triangular, obtuse, contracted into a slender, ascending, yellow tail 4 cm long, the lateral sepals

obovate, oblique, 25 mm long, 10 mm wide, connate 15 mm, the api b , contracted into tails 3

cm long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals purple, thick, elliptical-oblong, 5.25 mm long, 2.5 mm

wide, the labellar half with an indistinct, low, thick callus, the apex obtuse-truncate; lip cream, flecked

with red-purple, oblong, lightly arcuate, 6 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the apex obtuse with a low callus,

minutely apiculate, the disc with a pair of low calli above the middle, shallowly sulcate ;

subcordate, hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a short,

incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: Without collection data, imported by

Messrs. F. Sander & Co. at St. Albans, flowered July,

1890 (Holotype: K). Alajuela: Palmira, Alfaro Ruiz,

alt. 2000 m, 27 May, 1938, A. Smith H665 (AMES,

9063 (CR, MO). Heredia: south of Volc4n Barba,

Rancho Flores, alt. 2100 m, 5 July 1888, H. Pittier

Isidro, alt. 2000-2400 m, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio

52215 (AMES); Vara Blanca, alt. 1745 m, 22 June

1700 m, 27 June 1979, C. Todzia 626 (CR); Vara Blanca, alt. 2000 m, 19 June 1991, — -" =

kester Gardens, D. Mora de Retana s.n. (USJ). Puntarenas: Reserva Biolégica emagepe a Pe

alt. 1700 m, 6 Mar. 1990, E. Bello 2121 (MO). San José: Zurquf, alt. 2000-2500 m, 13 nati ig

Standley & J, Valerio 48234 (AMES); Rio Pard Blanca on provincial border with aggro poet iy

J. & K. Utley 937 (MO); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Vasquez de Coronado, cig ce

1700 m, 29 Oct. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell 647 (CR, MO, SEL). Without locality, June ‘

Lankester 338 (K).

: : i t no

This species was imported by Messrs. F. Sander & Co. from Costa Rica, one

Collection data are known. A flowering plant was exhibited at a pe aie

Royal Horticultural Society in 1891, and named in honor of Robert A . ; Pai

orchidologist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It has proved to be widely

buted and relatively frequent in much of CostaRicas Jase oe

Although vegetatively similar to most of the other medium-siz hae! tha

ge nus, M. rolfeana is distinguished by the peduncle shorter than the es ise cab

S1onally Producing a second flower. The deep purple flower ts yee am

Pressed and conical in shape with an inconspicuous, short eae then slightly

= of the dorsal sepal is commonly deflexed with the slender tai lip is shallow-

sing. The purple petals are elliptical and obtuse; the oblong, obtuse ‘A nena OP

ly Sulcate with a low, apical callus. Masdevallia odontochila is ; a se

“upularis, not M. rolfeana as stated by Krinzlin in his monograph 0

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

426

Plate 213. Masdevallia rolfeana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 427

Masdevallia schroederiana Sander ex Veitch, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 8: 51, 1890.

Ety.: Named by Messrs. Sander & Co. in honor of Baron Schréder who cultivated this species.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-2.5

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 7-12 cm long including a petiole

2-4 cm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 1.3-2 cm wide, gradually nar-

rowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme 1-2 cm

long, borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle, 8-10 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low

on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6-7 mm long; pedicel 13-15 mm long; ovary 9-10 mm long; sepals

white or greenish white, variously suffused with purple, glabrous, the dorsal pal suffused with orange

within, obovate, 22 mm long, 15 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 15 mm to form a gaping,

campanulate, sepaline tube, the free portion transversely ovate, obtuse, con into a slender, erect to

recurved, white tail 6-8 cm long, the lateral sepals white, suffused with purple medially, 35 mm long,

connate 25 mm into a convex, ovate, bifid lamina 33 mm wide expanded, with a narrow, longitudinal

mentum, each sepal concave externally, convex within, with the acute apices close, contracted into

slender tails 5-6 cm long; petals rose, elliptical, obtuse to obscurely bilobed at the apex, 6.5 mm long,

2.5 mm wide, the labellar half with a low callus dilated in the middle third; lip white, oblong-subpandu-

rate, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex obtuse, microscopically erose, the disc shallowly channeled

between a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base subtruncate, hinged beneath; column rose-white,

semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

“PERU:” Without collection data, imported in 1884 a

by Messrs. Sander & Co., St. Albans, England, ee

Hiibsch s.n. (Holotype: W).

COSTA RICA: San José: crest of the Cordillera de =

Talamanca, south of San Cristobal del Norte, alt. :

1850-1900 m, ca. 1977, imported by R. Jenny, Bern, ‘

Switzerland, cultivated by W. Kéniger in Munich,

ermany, C. Horich s.n. (SEL, Herb. H. K6niger).

Without collection data, cultivated by Don Richard-

son at Greentree, Manhasset, NY, 30 Apr. 1979, C.

Luer 4060 (SEL); without locallty, cultivated by M. {

& O. Robledo at La Ceja, 19 Mar. 1989, C. Luer ,

14280 (MO) ,

This species was imported by Sander

& Co. of St. Albans, England, from their

collector Hiibsch in 1884, but with the

mistaken origin of Peru. Reichenbach

declined to describe it, but it was pub-

lished the year after his death in a report

by the Orchid Committee of the Royal sans

Horticultural Society, chaired by H.J. Cot

neg Only in the latter half of the twen-

century were plants discovered growing in Costa Rica. :

Masdevallia schroederiana is cunate related to the other species of the aaa

but it is the most showy. It is distinguished by the white flowers suffused wit

bright purple and orange, and longer, white tails. The convexities of the synsepa

are clearly visible within the orifice of the tube, and beyond the tube the $} es

nied expanded before the bifurcation. The petals and lip are very similar to

Others,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

428

Plate 214. Masdevallia schroederiana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 429

Masdevallia walteri Luer, Selbyana 5: 151, 1979.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Kerry Walter who discovered this species.

Plant medium in size, vag en caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, thickly coriaceous, shiny dark green, 7-13

cm long = a petiole 2-4 cm long, the — oo subacute to obtuse, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, cu-

neate into the sulcate petiole. Inflorese solitary, yellow-orange flower, commont

a Sake, pa by a slender, suberect peduncle 69. 5 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low

on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 7-9 mm long; pedicel 14-18 mm long; ovary 5 mm mm long, lengthen-

ing in older flowers; se sepals yellow-orange, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, 13 mm long, 5 mm wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for 7 mm to form a curved, sepaline tube, the triangular free portion names

eerie into a slender, orange tail ca. 17 mm long, the lateral sepals 12 mm long, connate 8 mm

form an arcuate, oblong, bifid lamina 9 mm wide, the acute apices contracted into tails ca. 14 mm og

similar to nae of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, : a mm 1 long, 2 mm wide, the obtuse apex bluntly

short-apiculate, the labellar half pans dilated below ite half; lip

yellow, oblong-ovate, obtuse, 4.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, with marginal folds above the middle, the disc

with a high, grooved callus from the subtruncate base to above the middle, hinged beneath; column

white, stout, semiterete 5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long

COSTA RICA: San José: epiphytic in nee cloud

forest between Cartago and Division, alt. 2850 m, 21

July 1979, K.S. Walter 79199 (Holotype: SEL; Iso-

type: CR); east of La Georgina, alt. 2800 m, 20 Sept.

Mack 14 (USJ); Villa Mills, Soa La Suerte, 22 Apr

1992, Dora Mora de Retana s.n., (USJ); Cordillera

de Talamanca, Villa Mills, alt. 3000 m, May 1993

Dora Mora de Retana s.n. (USJ)

This species was first discovered by

Dr. Kerry Walter who at that time was a

research fellow in the Department of

Botany of the National Museum in San

José, Costa Rica. While looking in the

cool wet forests of Cerro del Muerte for a

plant later to be described as Masdevallia

rafaeliana, he discovered this species

growing with it along with several species

of Lepanthes.

Although vegetatively similar to the

other medium-sized species of the genus, M. walteri is recognized by the slender

peduncle bearing a small, yellowish orange flower that is commonly self-fertilized.

The slender sepaline tails are a little longer than the blades. The petals are oblong

with a thickening along the labellar margin. The lip is narrowly ovate with a pair 0

marginal folds above the middle.

430 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 215. Masdevallia walteri

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 431

MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS PYGMAEIA

Subgenus Masdevallia sections Amaluzae and Aphanes, and subgenus Amanda

section Pygmaeae (Luer, 1986) are united here to form subgenus Pygmaeia. Treat-

ing these as three sections in a single, loosely related, more easily recognized taxon,

seems preferable to maintaining several to many small subgenera. Although all the

species included in this proposed subgenus probably are not closely related, they are

brought together by their small, caespitose habit. The few species of the well-

defined section Triotosiphon as well as small members of other well-defined sub-

genera and sections are exclude

The first species to be described and referable to this conglomerate subgenus

was collected in Peru by Poeppig and published by Poeppig and Endlicher as Speck-

linia plantaginea in 1835. Lindley transferred it to Pleurothallis in 1842, and

Cogniaux transferred it to Masdevallia in 1896. Subsequent authors remained

uncertain as to which of the latter two genera the species really belonged, because

the habit is similar to that of small species of either Masdevallia or Pleurothallis.

Reichenbach described the next two species attributable to this subgenus, M. erina-

cea and M. anachaeta, in 1877 and 1878 respectively, the only other species to be

recognized in the nineteenth century. Although M. pygmaea had been collected by

both Endres and Lehmann in the nineteenth century, it was not published until 1925

by Kranzlin. Most of the remaining species have been described in the twentieth

century. All 34 species occur in the neotropics from Costa Rica through the Andes.

SUBGENUS PYGMAEIA

Masdevallia subgenus Pygmaeia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77:

10, 2000.

Type: Masdevallia pygmaea Kraenz

Ety.: From the Greek pygmaeus, “like a = EEeey referring to the minute habit.

Bas.: Masdevallia sect. Pygmaeae Lue

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Amaluzae Luer.

pe: Masdevallia amaluzae Luer & Malo.

Ety.: Named for the community of Amaluza in the province of Azuay,

where the species was discovered.

Ecuador, near the locality

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Aphanes Luer.

Type: Masdevallia —— Koniger.

Ety.: From the Greek aphanes, “obscure, ” referring to the diminutive habit.

erect, abbreviated. Leaf

mall to very small, epiphytic, — ne slender. Ramicauls erect, solitary flower, or fol-

bietceen « erect, narrowly elliptical-obovate to lin

y anoth i i

long-papillose, spiculate, crested, or lacerate-winged; sepals 0

Onto the basal portions, the sepals more less fleshy, connate to form with ta

apices tailless or with short, thickened tails; petals callous with or withou bat not dividing the lip

ng, obtuse, with a pair of carinae from below the middle to or near = it foot nearly as Jong as the

into two distinct portions; column semiterete, the anther and stigma ven

mium with a short extension.

The flowers are

The subgenus is characterized by a small, caespitose mer ic ueudien ee

Produced singly or successively, and laterally from the ghar spiculate, with the

variable, from smooth to costate or ribbed, verrucose, cres f the coils are with or

Processes often extending onto the sepals. The eee ding process. The lip

Without tails. The petals are callous with or without a protru a are defined.

is oblong with variations of a pair of longitudinal calli. Four sec

432 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PYGMAEIA SECTION AMALUZAE

Masdevallia subgen. Pygmaeia sect. Amaluzae Luer.

Bas.: Masdevallia sect. Amaluzae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 18, 1986.

Type: Masdevallia amaluzae Luer & Malo.

Section Amaluzae is distinguished by a small to very small, caespitose habit

with a successively flowered raceme borne by a slender, ascending, horizontal to

descending, terete peduncle. The ovaries are smooth with low ribs that are

sometimes undulate. The sepals are contracted into slender tails. The petals are

callous mostly without a protruding process. The lips are more or less oblong with

variations of a pair of longitudinal calli.

PYGMAEIA SECTION APHANES

Masdevallia subgen. Pygmaeia sect. Aphanes Luer.

Bas.: Masdevallia sect. Aphanes Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 18, 1986.

Type: Masdevallia aphanes Koniger.

ye sg voc Masdevallia subsect. Pterygiophorae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

Type: Pleurothallis pterygiophora Luer & Escobar.

Section Aphanes is distinguished by a small to very small, caespitose habit with

a successively flowered raceme borne by a slender, ascending, horizontal to de-

ng; terete peduncle. The ovaries are costate, crested or verrucose. The apices

of the lateral sepals are acute to obtuse without contracting a tail, but in a few spe-

cles the apices are thickened into Short tails. The petals are callous on the labellar

neha lips are more or less oblong with the disc featureless or sulcate bet-

PYGMAEIA SECTION PYGMAEAE

Macdevallia subgenus Pygmaeia section Pygmaeae Luer.

Pamper = “ace "Ri Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 15, 1986.

infloreaoen ons distinguished by a small to very small, caespitose habit and an

second. The ovar; bya slender, terete peduncle. The flower is often followed by a

are thickened —. Papillose or spiculate. The sepals are caudate. The petals

less oblong with epengg margin with an angle at the base. The lips are more or

a pair of longitudinal calli.

PYGMAEIA SECTION ZAHLBRUCKNERAE

& subgen. Pypmaeia sect

Bas.: Masdevallia sut . cknerae Luer, stat. nov.

2 me Z Zahlbrucknerae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot, Gard. 77: 10,

Type: Masdevailia zahlbruck bites

Section :

be retained ang oe ms sufficiently distinct from to section Amaluzae to

tose habit with a on. It is distinguished by a small to medium-sized, caespi-

descending, terete cessively flowered raceme borne by an ascending, horizontal to

are contracted into slen * kad Ovaries are smooth or slightly costate. The sepals

Process at the base. The li tails. The petals are callous with a distinct, retrorse

longitudinal calli PS are more or less oblong with variations of a pair of

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 433

BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA

ATTRIBUTED TO SUBGENUS PYGMAEIA

M. amaluzae Luer & Malo Plate 216

M. anachaeta Rchb.f. Plates 217, 218

M. aphanes K6niger Plate 219

M. audax Kéniger Plate 220.

M. aurorae Luer & M.W.Chase Plate 221

M. berthae Luer & Andreetta Plate 222

M. capillaris Luer = M. plantaginea

M. carmenensis Luer & Malo Plate 223

M. chimboénsis Kraenz. Plate 224.

M. collantesii D.E.Benn. & Christenson Plate 225.

M. echinocarpa Schltr. = M. erinacea

M. erinacea Rchb.f. Plates 226, 227

M. exigua Ames & C.Schweinf. = M. pygmaea

M. expers Luer & Andreetta Plate 228.

M. glossacles Luer = M. mentosa

iae Luer & Dalstrém Plate 229.

M. hoeijeri Luer & Hirt Plate 230.

M. horrida Teuscher & Garay = M. erinacea

M. humilis Luer = M. zahlbruckneri

M. indecora Luer & ESCODAP oeocecscccccocouscovcceessscsverostemeeun an Plate 231

M. manchinazae Luer & Andreetta...........cccccosseseccsccsssensscsscsevenssennssennenenneree Plate 232.

M. mataxa Koniger & H.Mend. .........sscssssessssssssssssssessecesssssnsnsnnnnnnnennanansnnt Plate 233

we. Mientoss Lucr.........ccvceiestannticeree eee Plates 234, 235

M. merinoi Luer & Portilla ..........ccccccecoccocsssssssucsessseservsssseesenssseennsnneesnnnnnnannes Plate 2

3 morenoi Luer = M. schizopetala

- muriculata Kraenzl. = M. ea

M. naranjapatae Luer a Plate 237

M. nutans Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. anachaeta Plate 238

M. paquishae Luer & Hirtz ..ccccccsscccssssssscscsuesseeececessesensssecsseneensennenennnneeenn oo re

M. patulla Luer & Malo .cccccccccsssessccssssssssseeossessevevevsssoneessosaneeennnennneennennae sma

M. plantaginea (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. ....ssss-ssssstsesssnnesnernnereenensnente “se

M. Plerygiophora Luer & Escobar .......c:.scscccsessvesseeseeneeneeressnnssnsnnnnsennnssee™ i a

M. pygmaea Kracn]. ....-ccccccssssssccccscsscccsssssseseesvenvvsssseeennssenenenevenenennsnee rice

M. pykmosepala Luer & C10CS...<cccccccccsssssseesseseeseusnssesesensrsseenenenneennennte noe

M. Sanchezii Luer & Andreetta hernia entie aene a ro

vy Scalpellifera Luer neni TR ag

SChizopetala Kraenzl. ................c:cceccsssssvecsovesssstsesnvvesenssnnsnennscsensee A

M. Schhizostignag Ler ...........-.....o.-cc-.ccsccreccoovsoonnonieennnssseesessnteecenenteeniitee= wot a

M. Scopaea Luer & VESCUET, cecccscsecescnsansansuesunstienstiatenden treet aaa sia

A OMI SCNT. cccnnecsscesevevneeeerecemeererernnernn ee a

M. trifurcata DE vos bvvsncvereddcksccdcccsimuniiomin er 7. “

M. irivenia K6niger = M. paquishae Plate 252.

M. vieirana Luter & Escobar .....-..ccc.-c<ssesecevessonestsocobonnearseasn nnn):

M. vulcanica Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. anachaeta Plates 253, 254 255, 256.

eoeee

scuvesasevecesseesse*

434 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SECTIONS

1 Ovaries smooth, ribbed or low-costate; OTIS CONAC oo ciscssondssesncearatccee am 2

1’ Ovaries carinate, crested, verrucose, papillose or spiculate; sepals with or without

tails

2 Petals usually without a marginal process (sect. Amaluzae) 4

2’ Petals with a retrorse, basal process (sect. Zahlbrucknerae) 15

3 Ovaries carinate, crested or vertucose; sepals tailless, rarely contracted into a

short, thick tail; petals without a retrorse, basal process........... (sect. Aphanes) 18

3’ Ovaries spiculate to long-papillose; sepals with terete or clavate tails; petals with

a retrorse, basal process... (sect. Pygmaeae) 32

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SECTION AMALUZAE

4 Lateral sepals with tails shorter than the blades M. chimboénsis

4 Lateral sepals with tails as long as or longer than the blades 5

7 Synsepal with incurved margins beyond the tube, sulcate within........... M. mataxa

5’ Synsepal not as above 6

TTL Pt Pete RP POSS bee Set senbdccéseeces

6 Lateral sepals connate 20 mm or more :

Pete e twee eee

6 Lateral sepals connate 15 mm or less 8

SPO wee ee eres esseees

7 Dorsal sepal connate above the middle to the lateral sepal for more than 10 mm....

HORS rs cin acs: ne M. carmenensis

TOO Cee Deere ey

oe we eeees

AiG Apidae at Corer eee

POR e eee eeseeees

M. patula

: Lateral : abn = €ntous, approximate tails longer than the synsepal......... 9

Sepals with tails about as long as the blades 10

9 Lateral can}

: I bove the middle, ca. 7 mm broad.............. M. manchinazae

% Lateral sepals connate near the middle, ca. 14 mm broad M. merinoi

10 Petals and lip acute toacuminate..... II

10" Petals and lip eons. 13

Il Liptn :

HY is ieee MONE Wo the base of the col. schizostigma

P attached to an €xtension from the column-foot. 2

nf rau subulate; dem ee M. sanchezii

Petals acute: Mp einiie M. audax

13 Lees

the anes Date 10 Rear the middle, with the tails thick; lip thick, round at

17° eS tae aes Ue id eign ceaiaa teen Naam aah aps fea M. aurorae

’ the middle with slender tails: lip thin, subacute...14

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 435

14 Lateral sepals yellow, lightly veined i

é ; y veined in brown M. amal

14’ Lateral sepals white, prominently veined in purple M. ani hae

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SECTION ZAHLBRUCKNERZAE

A Lateral sepals connate into an ovate synsepal with acute apices...............+- 16

£5 Lateral sepals connate into a narrowly scaminaie ba ManaNE ests 17

16 Lateral sepals connate below the middle M. schizopetala

16’ Lateral sepals connate above the middle M. zahlbruckneri

17 Sepals intensely speckled with purple M. naranjapatae

17’ Sepals white M. vieirana

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SECTION APHANES

= Lateral sepals not contracted into tails .......-.:-+-ssssesessesesteensnnennennennnnnrencnnsensensnnns 19

18° Lateral sepals contracted into short, thick tails..........s-s--sssssssrsssssermeensstsesnnennens 30

19 Lateral sepals oblong, ODtUSE..........::.csssecseereeseeneenseenenennennnennnennancnnncnnnacannnsnenenet 20

19’ Lateral sepals triangular, acute to SUDACULE........-.-.+-+eresrereererrertesrententerner ener 22

20 Petals apiculate; lip shallowly sulcate between longitudinal Calli..........--++++-ss+se0

cebacd vies cbpecagrethetsoeseess senses

co pccipanduepaedieacnekarmmnreeeancentaePerres <tr.

PPE cca ceucanevisenussereecioonaernensconunsutedbangs shuenantonpettvrtaeegrener mya MEryS collantesii

22. Lip unguiicnlate.cxdeciveecnsdnseososse<tanrbarsnenn eet ene enemy Ro 23

22° Lip not unguicullatic .o:ccvisscos-s-csociiner tee ORI eae 24

2 Lip with the claw formed by revolute SideS.......------eerrrerrrrr M. aphanes

3’ Lip with the claw formed by lateral COMPFESSION.....-+---------rrr——" M. trifurcata

foe

low, longitudinal Calle pieces

24 Lip shallowly sulcate between a pair of long,

low, longitudinal calli..........- 26

24’ Lip not shallowly sulcate between a pair of long,

seeeeeeenem

25 Raceme distantly flowered; petals with a broadly rounded, margin

i era

Epencesbunerscerserent®

23° Hadas: congested; petals with an obtuse, retrorse callus above the ae ee

ie a nae M. scopaea

26 Lip with a pair of calli near or above ithe “

26" Lin witheiat Calli .x<soscoec-ncnee eee

436 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

27 Lip with a longitudinal, midline carina M. scalpellifera

27’ Lip without a longitudinal, midline carina M. indecora

28 Lip with acute, marginal angles near the middle M. berthae

28” Lip without marginal MOOG soo scc ci, 29

29 Lip diffusely papillose ................- M. henniae

Asa. halen e aaa a aa M. mentosa

30 Sepals with the apices thick with indistinct tails... M. pterygiophora

30’ Sepals with short, thick, terete tails... 3]

31 Petals acute, unguiculate occ M. setipes

31’ Petals obtuse, subtruncate, not unguiculate............ M. hoeijeri

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SECTION PYGMAEAE

32 Sepals with carinae Spiculate throughout............... M. erinacea

32’ Sepals with carinae spiculate basally

FSeSdeesenereoncsseseses

33 Petals acute; ovary spiculate...... M. anachaeta

33’ Petals uregularly truncate; Ovary long-papillose........ M. pygmaea

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 437

Masdevallia amaluzae Luer & - Malo, fpr 3% 185, bechlrs

.: Named for the region near A

first discovered.

pth Wa

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; apes & slender. _Ramicauls meoret peegacesres 8-10 mm Jong. cn-

closed by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths.

the petiole 1 - cm — the blade lpia acute, 0.9-1. 1 cm wide, cuneate below into the slender pe-

tiole. Inflor e a few-flowered

eee. odes ailiede 4-5 cm lon ng, with a bract rye the middle, from low on the ramicaul: : floral

bract tubular, 4 mm long; pedicel 6 mm long; o 3-4 mm long, with low, lightly undulating ribs;

vary

sepals yellow, with veins more or less Jape extemal cellular- -g' landular within, the dorsal sepal

obovate, 15 mm long, 5 mm wide, with 3 brow: S,

cylindrical tube, the free portion narrowly t esi gradually narrowed i into a slender, brown tail, ca,

20 mm long, the lateral sepals 20 mm long, connate 12 mm n into an oblong, bifurcated lamina 8 mm

wide, the free portions ovate-triangular, th der, brown tails ca. 17 mm

long; yeas trans lucent white with a purple midvein, subfalcate-oblong, 3.5 mm long, | mm wide, the

acute, a pie broadly obtuse angle in in the eae third of

the labellar margin; lip white w ith 3 red veins down the c ter, oblong, 5 mm erp ck 1.25 mm tery the

apex subacute, the disc with a low, ig 8 pair of slightly ti ge calli, the

date, with elevated, rounded m on ins d beneath; column green, semiterete, Sas hag. au fest

mm long with an incurved extensio

ECUADOR: Azuay: epiphytic near Amaluza, a

2000 m, May 1973, collected by B. Malo avd: *

Tarqui near Cuenca, 8 July 1977, C. r 1655 (

rs clonotype: K). Zamo effe Wa he eeigivtie

cloud forest ee of Yangana, alt. 2450 m, 17 2 3 }

May 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim, T. Héijer, J. Kuijt & fee, ae

D.D Silessandr’ 9587 (MO); same area, alt. 2450 m, /

23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores et

10938 (MO).

This species occurs infrequently in the ay

wet forests of southern Ecuador. It is A,

characterized by the small, yellow flowers uf

at are large for the size of the plant. The or

flowers are borne in a successively few- be Poa

flowered, horizontal raceme. The dorsal 5

Sepal is prominently three-striped. The .

free portion of the synsepal, somewhat LA ion

longer than the sepaline tube, protrudes :

before dividing into the caudate apices. It }

is lightly marked with brown. The petals 5

are narrowly acute at the apex and un- &

Suiculate at the base. The lip is narrowly

oblong with three prominent veins.

438 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 216. Masdevallia amaluzae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 439

Masdevallia anachaeta Rchb-f., Otia ne Hamburgensia 1: 17, 1878.

ovary

Ety.: From the Greek anachaete, “‘strong hair,” referring to the fringed o

Syn.: Masdevallia vulcanica Lehm. & Kearns, , Repert. Spec. Nov. Pes tin io 17: 413, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin vulcanicus, “volcanic,” referring to the area o

Syn.: Masdevallia nutans Lehm. & Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. re ee 17: 431, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin nutans, “nodding,” referring to the nutant

Plant very small, epiphytic, Pr Se roots slender, Ramicauls erect, abbreviated, 3-13 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf coriaceous, erect, 10-33 cm long including a petiole 5-15 mm

long, the blade narrowly tise pene 4-5 mm wide, gradually n — blow i ‘o the petiole.

Inflorescence a small, solitary flower facing pepe to downwards, bome by

10-45 mm long, with a thin bract above the cane ¢ from low te, 3-35

mm long; pedicel 0.5-5 mm long, with a we fil

we dorsal sepal white or yellow-white, mie with purple, i ie 5-7 7 mn mm long, 3 mm wide,

nnate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm to form a cylindrical tube, the acute apex con! a thick,

Scsiteally slightly clavate, yellow, recurved tail 3-5 mm long; pte sepals purple with greenish

white margins, ovate-elliptical, 4-7 mm long, 2.5- ii wide, connate 2 mm, the acute apices

into yellow tails 3-5 mm aaah se — oblong-sub ibsigmoid, acute, 2 mm gure 0 5 ea wide, - a st

tudinal callus along the label

half with a callus along the pet third: ve deep wae blog spends, acute, 25m om nog, 1

mm wide, with a pair of marginal folds

half as a pair of calli, the base obtuse- nia come poets column purple, semiterete, the apex

minutely toothed, the foot 1.5 mm long with a minimal extensi

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Santo Domingo de los ee

omega in volcanic soil (‘‘Lavaboden’’), alt.

7,500 ft., Mar. 1877, F.C. Lehmann 32 (Holotype:

hace

m, 14 4. cai 1, FC. Lehmann 306 (holotype of M.

pe: G); El Cuello, between Quito and

(MO); same area, 30 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer &

A. Hirtz 1102] (MO). Carchi: between the paramo

and Saeppen Sn 2500 m, 16 Feb. 1989, S. Dal-

(SEL); Cordillera de Guacamayo, al 1950 m, 13

north of the pass, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, alt. 9

: seek sexe of Yongana, ah 2

J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10888 (MO). Zamora-Chinchii ee between Loja and Zamora,

m, 3 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém & D. D'Alessandro 7105 - a weil

COLOMBIA IA: Norte de de Santander: Toledo, Alto de Santa Inés, a 2150 23 May 1983, ;

alt. 2100 m, 11 May mn R

Que 2500 m, 26 Aug > shea

cael ee 16776 Agee Cauca: between Uribe and sary * alt. 2200 m, ane

C pha I tees. R Saar et al. 3134 (SEL).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 217. Masdevallia anachaeta

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 44)

PERU: Hudnuco: Hudnuco, Carpish, alt. 2900 m, 20 Apr. 1984, W. Kéniger, H. Koniger & M. Arias K-

108a (K, M, SEL, USM, W, Herb. H. Kéniger).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, west of Coroico, alt. 2550 m, 27 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.

Vasquez 8613 (SEL). Cochabamba: Chapare, t Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2500 m, 22

Jan. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 4931 (SEL); same area, alt. 1750 m, 15 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Vasquez, T. & D. Mulder 12830 (MO); old road from Villa Tunari to alt. 1650 m,

30 Jan. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague 18334 (MO); Carrasco, Sehuencas, allt.

2100 m, P. Ibisch 94.0182 (MO).

This tiny species occurs frequently from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia to

central Bolivia at altitudes between 1500 and 3500 meters above sea level.

Reichenbach described it from a collection by Lehmann from the western slopes of

Pichincha where it is relatively common. It grows equally well on tiny branches of

small, cloud forest trees, on the trunks of large trees, or on wet, mossy embank-

ments. It is infrequently collected because the minute plants are easily overlooked.

The species is characterized by very small, narrowly obovate leaves, and single-

flowered peduncles. The ovaries are carinate and spiculate, and the flowers are

often deflexed. The sepals are whitish or yellowish and variously mottled and

suffused with purple, and they terminate in more or less thickened, yellow tails

about as long as the blade. The petals are narrow and acute, with an acute,

retrorse, basal process. The lip possesses a pair of lamellate calli above the middle.

442 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 218. Masdevallia anachaeta

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 443

Masdevallia aphanes Koniger, Die Orchidee 30: 196, 1979; emend. 36: at, 1985,

Ety.: From the Greek aged ‘obscure,” referring to the inconspicuous, tiny, rare plan

t small is aig ts slender. Ramicauls blackish, 5-10 mm long, conned 1-

2 short ths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 2- “3. 5S cm long including the 0. 5- 1. 5 cm long petiole, the

blade pil oan 0.5-0.6 cm wide, narrow Inflores-

e flower, usually followed by a second flower, borne by as slender, suberect peduncle 3-5 cm

long, ater a brat near the ~~ fru ow pedicel 3-5 mm

long; ovary 3-4 mm long, verru sepals thick, more or less verrucose externally, especially along the

rominent veins, dull a haar pean, diffusely spotted and suffused with brown, the the dorsal sepal ovate,

13-14 mm long, 5 mm wide, connate 4-5 mm to the | lateral sepals to form a short, broad, sepaline tube,

the free portion forward, tri eee narrowly obtuse at the fleshy apex, the lateral sepals ovate, 14 mm

long, 6 mm wide, connate 6 mm, connate 5 mm to the column- foot to form a deep — um, the —

portions forward, obliquely triangular, narrowly obtuse; petals yellow-green,

elliptical, 6 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, acute, with a low callus along the lower margin; lip heavily spotted

with dark nica spatula, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, oblong ar 1 verr

ird, th of the blade undulate and irregular, the apex obtuse to rounded, with a longitudinal

pair of central calli from the base to near the apex where a midline pits develops, the base

retuse, hinge =i ; column yellow, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot equally long, with a short, in-

curv ed extensi

PERU: Amazonas: epiphytic in cloud forest between

Chachapoyas and gemced ng alt. 2000 m, Aug.

1978, W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger, B. Wiirstle & J. Meza

K-3j (Holotype: SEL; peamae K, M, USM, W,

Herb. H. Kéniger); same collection, cultivated in

Munich, Germany, by W. Kéniger, Mar. 1979, C.

Luer 4068

ECUADOR: Carchi: epiphytic in cloud forest be-

tween Tulcdn and Maldonado, alt. ca. 2000 m, July

1975, collected by Walter Teague, cultivated in San

Francisco, CA, Aug. 1979, C. Luer 4118 (SEL); same

area, alt m, 15 Feb. 1989, : Dae &

Héijer 1228 (MO); same area, alt. 1700 m, collected

Sucumbios: near La Bonita, Nov. 1991, collected by

A. Hirtz, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Eaton, CT, 12

Mar. 1994, C. Luer 17122 (MO).

A painting of this species by Consul

F.C. Lehmann, 1/28, labeled with the

intended name ‘“‘M. trifurcata’’, is deposit-

ed at Kew. Apparently neither collection

data nor herbarium specimen exists.

Masdevallia aphanes is found sporadically

ugh the Andes of Ecuador into Peru.

Tiny caespitose plants with narrow y

elliptical leaves produce a small brown flower that is slo

The ovary is crested and verrucose. The narrowly ce ie

apices are lightly verrucose with prominent veins € calli,

ened along ma tabellar margin. The lip is traversed by @ pair of f ow undulate

and the unguiculate is formed by revolute margins.

an followed by a second.

lar sepals with thickened

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

cate he ici ee)

+ hace epg arse?

Plate 219. Masdevallia aphanes

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 445

Masdevallia audax Koniger, sk — 37: 106, 1986.

Ety.: From the Latin audax, “‘aud .”’ referring to the outstretched labellum.

Plant small to medium in size, ee pierre bes slender. ruta blackish, slender,

erect, 2-4 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, close, tubula aths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrow

me oe, raceme, borne by a slender, erect peduncle, 3-4 cm long, with a

from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8-9 mm long; pedicel 12 mm long; ovary 5-7 mm ares

aio nish white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal biceps! 30 mnt leaig including the attenuated apex, 3.5

mm wide, oneal to the lateral sepals for 9 y triangu-

lar, acute, attenuate, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, acute, 30 mm long including the attenuated apex,

connate 9 mm to form the concave lower half of the sepaline tube, 8 mm wide expanded, the free por-

erose, 8-9 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the apex aber narrowly acute; lip white, protruding, narrowly

elliptical- eel 17-20 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex acute, long-attenuate, sear disc featureless,

shallowly concave toward the base, the base ee ae hinged on ; te, semiterete,

mm long, the apex tridentate-erose, the foot 1 mm long with an incurved extension.

PERU: Amazonas: Bongard, near Pomacochas, alt.

2200 m, Aug. 1979, W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger & J.

Meza K-21h (Holotype: M); same collection, culti-

vated by W. Kéniger in Munich, 15 Aug. 1984, C.

Luer 10408 (MO).

This species, apparently endemic in

Amazonian Peru, is known only from the

type-collection by the Kénigers in 1979.

All plants currently in cultivation stem

from the original collection.

Vegetatively, the species is character-

ized by very slender leaves and short,

successively flowered peduncles. The

greenish white sepals are long-acuminate

and recurving beyond the narrow, sepaline

tube. The petals also are long-acuminate,

but too short to protrude from the tube.

The lip is also long-attenuate and it pro-

trudes conspicuously from the sepaline

tube between the lateral sepals.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 220. Masdevallia audax

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 447

Masdevallia aurorae Luer & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 8: 39, 1993.

Ety.: Named in honor of = Bennett of Lima, Peru, who with her husband David and Mark

Chase, discovered this speci

Plant er epiphytic, pati caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls ome posse 4-8 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 25-3 jong including a

petiole ca. iG mm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 3-5 mm wide, narrow aa Sax below into

the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a slender, suberect to ascending peduncle 5-7 cm

long, with a thin bract on ree lower third, from the base of a ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 4-5 mm long;

pedicel 4 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals m membranous, over whit suffused with rose, each with 3

purple stripes, glabrous, the hae sepal ovate, 18 mm | tail ca. 9 mm long, 4.5 mm

ht ene tot the lateral sepals for 3 mm to forma cylindrical tube, the ee: portion triangular, acute,

slender tail, bak = sepals ovate, acute, oblique, 18 mm long including the tail ca.

mm long, connate 4 mm; petals with red-purple midvein, elliptical, acute, 3.9 mm long, 1.25 mm

wide, the labellar margin slightly aul with a ee carina ending above the basal fourth; lip

striped in red-purple, thick, elliptical-oblong, 4.75 mm long, 2.4 mm wide, the apex to rounded,

the disc with a low pair of longitudinal calli in the sees third, the base subcordate, hinged beneath;

column white with purple margin, semiterete, 2.75 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a short, incurved

extension.

PERU: Pasco: epiphytic in elfin forest on road to

Cacasu, alt. 1800 m, collected 16 Nov. 1987, by M.

Hill, NC, M. Chase 87223 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer

illustr. 15517.

This little species from central Peru is

most closely related to M. paquishae

described from southeastern Ecuador. It is

distinguished from M. paquishae by the

much smaller, narrower leaves; possibly

only a single flower; thicker sepaline tails;

and a thick lip with the apex rounded.

Although a second or more flowers are

eventually produced in a raceme in all the

other members of the section, only one is

produced by the plants of M. aurorae in

cultivation. A very immature bud was ob-

Served within the floral bract of the flower

dissected. All the peduncles produced by

the plant cultivated by Chase wither with

the passing of the first flower. It is possi-

ble that other clones produce a second

ower. was

lant known as the “‘pink amaluzae’’ from Peru bec so et

illustrated 24 Oct. 1979 from a plant in cultivation by the ~ Pie

olombia. At that time it was deemed too close to amaluzae

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 221. Masdevallia aurorae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 449

eon berthae Luer & Andreetta, Lindleyana 4: 105, 1989.

Named in honor of Sra. Bertha de Portilla, wife of Mario Portilla, who discovered this species.

Plant small, a caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 5-6 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubul eaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 25-48 mm long including the petiole 5-10 mm

long, the blade Sumas pees obtuse to SDRC 10-13 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole,

Inflorescence a succession of solitary flowers 15 mm

long, by a slender, descending, pendent peduncle 25-35 mm long, with a bract near the middle and at the

base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 23: mm long; pedicel = 7 mm long; ovary costate, 5

mm long; sepals fleshy, =n green, ovate acute I finely dotted

with purple externally, 18-21 <_ Tong. 8 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for od vend Wee = a

short, cylindrical, sepaline tube, t suffused wi .

with dark purple at the base co tg oblique, 18-20 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate 5 mm; on re

ss oblong, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, twisted above the middle, the apex obtuse,

pubescent and dotted with brown below the middle, 7 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, the si

the middle from marginal folds, the acne halt deflexed, — bat disc essentially featureless,

base subcordate, si: a beneath; column white, semiterete, ong, the foot 4 mm long i

free, incurved extensi

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Rio Calagras, alt.

1600 m, collected by Bertha and Mario Portilla, 5

Aug. 1988, cultivated by A. Andreetta at Paute, 12

Jan. 1989, C. Luer 13853 (Holotype: M

This species is known only from the

original collection by Mario Portilla and

his wife in southeastern Ecuador. Itis

easily distinguished by the pendent raceme

that bears successively a comparatively

large, greenish flower with a short, sepa-

line tube and acute, tailless sepals. The

petals, twisted above the middle, bear a

thick callus along the labellar margin. The

lip is simple except for a pair of acute

angles at the middle of both sides created

by the revolute margins. It is similar to

the lip seen in several species of subsec-

tion Saltatrices (e.g., M. ampullacea and

M. constricta).

450 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 222. Masdevallia berthae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 451

Masdevallia carmenensis Luer & Malo, Phytologia 39: 191, 1978.

Ety.: Named for the village of El Carmen, where this species was cultivated by Malo.

Plant small, epiphytic, a roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enc

by 2-3 short, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 5-8 cm i including the petiole 1-2.5

cm long, the blade atid elliptical, acute, 1.4-1.7 cm wide, the base cuneate into the slender petiole

Inflorescence a subdense, successively few-flowered raceme borne by a s pear more or less

peduncle 5-6 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5

mm ops pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 3 mm long, 6-ribbed; sepals greenish white, prominently striped in

urple, with zones of purple suffusion between the stripes, su ubcarinate along the veins externally,

dorsal sepal obovate, 18 mm long, 6 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 12 mm to forma

cylindrical tube, the free portion narrowly triangular, microsc oscopically erose, 3-veined, the acute apex

produced into a slender white tail 30 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, 30 mm long, connate 20 mm into

a bifid lamina 17 mm wide, forming at the base a small mentum with the column-foot, 6-veined, cellular-

glandular within, the free portions triangular, white, the acute apices s acuminate into slender, white

similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, marked with red-purple, oblong, 6 mm long, 1.75 mm

lip white, oblong-obovate,

x ob

low, converging ee the base thickened, truncate, with erect, broadly rounded margins, hinged

beneath; column green, marked with purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot thick, 6 mm long including

the incurved extension

Pp UADOR: oe ee epiphytic in cloud

forest on t e Andes, alt. 2200 m,

April 1975, collected by B. er ge at

Tarqui near Cuenca, 4 Feb. 1978, C. Luer 2455

(Holotype: SEL); epiphytic in wet hens east of the

pass east of Sigsig, alt. 2700 m, 15 May 1988, C.

er, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andre etta & W. Teague

13356 (MO); between Sigsig and Chiguinda, alt.

2600 m, 11 Aug. 1990, A. Hirtz 505] (MO).

This species occurs locally, sometimes

abundantly, in cloud forests of southeast-

ern Ecuador. The site of the original

collection by B. Malo had been forgotten.

Masdevallia carmenensis is most

Similar to M. patula from which it is

distinguished by the more deeply connate,

white, purple-veined sepaline tube, and the

smaller, non-expanded blade of the synse-

pal. Flowers in cultivation become con-

Siderably smaller than the flowers found in

the wild. The petals are acute and the lip

is obovate with erect, broadly rounded

margins of the basal third

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

452

Ce ee

NE PON Rey ae 5 Wed

nett

aoa wa”

een Eee

Plate 223. Masdevallia carmenensis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 453

ee hoon chimboénsis pera Bull. Misc. Inform. 106, 1925.

.: Named for Rio Chimbo, wh

t small, —— caespitose; roots slender. Raunicaats erect, slender, 0.5-1 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, shortly petiolate, 3-5.5 cm long including the petiole ca. |

cm long, the blade elliptical, —— to —_—_ 1- LS cm wile, the base coneate into the petiole.

florescence a succession of single, y a slender,

ascending peduncle 3.5-4.5 c ig po, speckled with he with a bracts below the middle and

near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract thin, tubular, 5 mm long; pedicel 8 mm long; ov

4 mm long; sepals greenish, sparsely short-pubescent interwally, the dorsal sepal dotted with i

along the veins, ovate, 10 mm long, 6 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm into a se

tube, the apex acute, contracted into a thick, forw ardly directed, oe tail 6-7 mm long, the ater

al sepals mottled with purple below the middle, suffused witl g veins ab

ovate, oblique, 10-11 mm long, 7 mm wide, cor fe g go veneer

apices acute, contracted into tails 6-7 mm f the di tals yellow,

ovate, acute, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, thickened along both margins, the base su subunguiculate; lip aul

ake, ipoelied with rose, Spon 8 mm lon ng, S mm wide, the apex shipoptiee faintly subverrucose, with

a central callus beneath, the disc shallowly chann pair of I calli, with an

indistinct fold near the mid le, le, the base qaboantaie: hinged beneath to te piece foot; column green,

with purple margins, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot slender, 3 mm long, with a short, incurved exten-

sion.

ih) |

siege a

COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: [in error: “Ecuador:

forests of Puente de Chimbo, Western Andes of

Milagro, 200-300 m,’’] Rio Dagua, ca. 1883, EC.

Lehmann 6748 (Holotype: K); Buenaventura, Baja

Anchicay4, Rio Tatabro, alt. 60 m, collected by E.

Costantino, 10 May 1989, C. Luer 14447 (MO, herb.

H. Koniger).

This species has been one of the most

intriguing mysteries of the Masdevallias.

It was described by Kranzlin from a single

specimen collected by Lehmann with his

number 6748 in his handwriting. The data

added to the label in a different handwrit-

ing state: ‘“‘Ecuador: Forest of Puente de

Chimbo, W. Andes of Milagro, 200-300

m, Bl. April & May.”

A watercolor painting at Kew by

Lehmann, labeled ‘‘Masdevallia daguen-

sis” Lehm., appears to be this species, and

in the upper corner Lehmann had written

“Herb. No. 6748.”’ It then became appar-

ent that this plant had been found near ae

Dagua in the present-day department of

Valle del Cauca, Colombia, where, indeed, it was recently

Vegetatively, it is a small, caespitose plant with =

and successively in a loose raceme borne by a slender,

rediscovered.

flowers produced slowly

more or less horizontal

the sepals are about as

peduncle that gradually ascends. The yellow-green tal tails of toes co

long as the purple-mottled blades; the petals are acute with

the oblong lip is longitudinally callous.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

454

Plate 224. Masdevallia chimboénsis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 455

Masdevallia collantesii D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Lindleyana 13: 55, 1998.

Ety.: Named for Benjamin Collantes, avid orchid enthusiast, who culti ivated this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-7 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute, 3-3.5 cm long including the

petiole ca. 5 mm long, 5 mm wide, the base narrowly ies into the petiole. a single

flower, probably followed by another, borne by a slender, suberect, peduncle, 2 cm long, with a bract

the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 3 mm long; pedicel 2.5 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm

long with low-crested, undulate carinae; — fleshy, glabrous, lemon yellow, the dorsal | oblong,

flecked with gout. 11 mm lon nag, 3 mm wide, 3- veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 4 mm to form a

cylindrical tube, free portion trorse, oblong d with purple

below the middle, oblong- ciety bligbe: 11 mm long, 5 mm mr connate to each other for 5 mm,

forming a shallow mentum with the column-foot; petals green, suffused with purple, oblong-obovate,

caaegem bulate, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with a broad, *

narrov ve the base; lip orange, spotted with dark purple, thick, oblong, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, the

apex aety saci, with the margin rounded, minutely serrate, the disc wi

ly sige longitudinal calli from the basal angles to above the middle, the

column semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the foot thick, 2 mm long, with an incurved ex

RU: Cajamarca: San Ignacio, Jaen, La Palma

Sahel ng 1450 m, Aug. 1993, collected by M.

B. & M. Leon M., Aug. 1993, flowered in

Sieetion by B. Collantes, Sept. i. 994, D. Bennett

6780 (Holotype: MOL; Isotypes: USM, MO), C.

Luer illustr. 18843.

This little species is apparently ende-

mic in northeastern Peru. It is most close-

ly allied to M. expers of neighboring south-

eastern Ecuador. It is distinguished by the

small, caespitose habit; a slender peduncle

shorter than the leaf that bears a propor-

tionately large flower; fleshy sepals with

thick, obtuse, free portions; petals obtusely

callous on the labellar margin; and a thick,

oblong, spotted lip with a minutely spicu-

late apex and a distinct pair of flattened

Carinae extending from the basal angles to

above the middle.

An immature bud is present within the

floral bract beside the pedicel of the only

flower seen. It does not appear to be a

Sterile filament.

456

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Dek at segs ented pettiness ae rye oct OOD " =~

airemse seaman nuannnenmmnnerseeinins SS La Ng

acnees ee mere UMS

Plate 225. Masdevallia collantesii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 457

Masdevallia erinacea Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 11, 1877.

Ety.: From the Latin erinaceus, “the European parahes in allusion to the spiny exterior of the

flower

Syn.: Madea echinocarpa Schltr., Repett. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 78, 1920.

Ety.: From the Greek echinos, “hedgehog,” and karpos, “fruit,” referring to the capsules.

Syn.: S (Rchb.f.) Schltr., Repert Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 219, 1920.

Syn.: Masdevallia horrida Teuscher & Garay, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 29: 23, 1960.

Ety.: From the Latin horridus, “prickly,” referring to the echinate sepals and capsules.

small, epiphyt ts slend cauls erect, slender, 2-13 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 die tubular chain. Leaf erect to suberect, ek coriaceous, narrow wly ¢ obovate to narrowly

semiterete, acute, 2-6 cm long, 0.15-0.5 cm wide, gradual

rescence a slowly successive, few-flowered raceme, ioe by a slender suberect peduncle 3-6 cm

long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, imbricating, 3-6 mm

long; pedicel 3-5 mm long; ovary echinate, 1.5-2 mm long, 2mm thick; sepals greenish white to yellow-

ish white, mottled with red or purple, echinate pager the margins and carinate \ vom externally, th the 2 domme

sepal broadly ovate, 4-7 mm long, 5-7 mm wi

cup, the free portion broadly rounded, erates contracted into an orange, clavate tail 5-10 mm long, the

lateral sepals transversely ovate, oblique, 5-9 mm long, connate 4-8 mm to form a transverse synsepé

with a broad mentum, of the

dorsal sepal; petals greenish or translucent white, obovate, 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, the

rounded apex minutely and distantly toot! thed, or minutely apiculate and pages Fees serrate, the

labellar half with a rounded, finlike carina near the base; lip yellow to ‘0 orange, fl th purple, thick, ve"

elipical-oblong, is - 5.5 mm long, 1.75-2.4 mm wide, the apex pinasbiahp to obtuse, apr disc with magne

g the margin below the middle, becoming verrucose

cordate with het concave basal lobes; column green, anil. 2.5-3 mm long, the foot equally

long with a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: “Medellin,” B. ae 5.N.

1891, F.C. Lehmann 7252 (K); San Luis, Rfo Dormi-

16n, alt. 1650 m, flowered in cultivation by M. & O.

Paige F.C. Lehmann 2634 (G). Chocé: Bahia Sola-

alt. 200 m, collected by G. ws. flowered in

se ieetica 7 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1944, 1945 (SEL).

ECUADOR: El Oro: El Cuiho above Santa Rosa, alt.

Dodson, H.H. eens n&R. 7 8467 Gare Cc.

owered

in Colombia, 20 Apr., 1988, C. ~~ pare +5 raat

PANAMA: eae Fortuna, alt. 1150 m, 24 Oct. 1985, G. McPherson Ss Cab oe

Los Planes de Hornito, alt 1100 m, 7 June 1982, S. Knapp & M. Vodicke _ Panama: Altos Pacers cond,

b, Rio Gatun, alt. 1600-1800 m, 13 Mar. 1980, 7. Antonio 3844 (MO 14 (SEL). Kranzlin

Ciara RICA: Without locality, alt. 3,500 ft., 1867, End alg , WD. Stevens ee hcos es

Alajuela: between San Ram6n and Balsa, alt. 1200 m a an Ramén

Ramén, alt. 1350-1500 m, 18 Feb. 1983, A. Ca heen es (EL) Rio Pefias Blancas. an. 110 .

alt. 1000-1200 m, 27 July 1983, R. Escobar & Perez 3093 (SEL); > CH. Lankester 1601 (K, SEL);

Nov. 1988, E. Bello 545 (CR, MO). Heredia: La Hondura, 26 July 199

458 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 226. Masdevallia erinacea

(Costa Rica)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 459

La Palma, alt. 1550 m, 9 June 1960, Cl. Horich s.n. (holotype of M. horrida: AMES; isotypes: K, MO,

UC); El Alto de La Palma, alt. 1550 m, cultivated at UC, 18 Sept. 1862, Cl. Horich s.n. (AMES, K, MO,

UC); La Honda, July 1952, C.H. Lankester 160] (K); San Geronimo, alt. 1800 m, 18 Sept. 1979, C.

Luer, J. Luer, K. Walter & L. Glicenstein 4221A (SEL). Puntarenas: Monteverde, Valle Pefias B 4

alt. 900 m, 1 Aug. 1988, E. Bello 220 (CR, MO). Without locality, C_H. Lankester K332 (K). San José:

La Montura, alt. 1050 m, 1 July 1980, C. Todzia 1472 (CR).

This grotesque, little species is relatively frequent in Central America and adja-

cent Colombia, but only one disjunct area has been discovered in southwestern

cuador. Paintings at Kew by Lehmann bear the names ‘‘M. antennifera,” and

“M. torulosa,”’ and an early collection by Lehmann at G (Geneva) bears the inte

ed name ‘‘M. heteromorpha.” A collection by Endres was annotated ‘*M. hystrix”

by Krianzlin. The leaves of plants from Costa Rica are narrowly semiterete, less

than two millimeters wide, while the leaves of plants from Panama and the

are narrowly obovate, up to five millimeters wide, but the flowers from the two

extremes are indistinguishable, or some distinguishable only by trivialities.

Masdevallia erinacea is easily recognized by the proportionately large flower

usually borne a little distance above the leaves. A second or third flower slowly

follows successively. The rose-mottled, subglobular, gaping, sepaline cup is sup-

ported by an echinate ovary. The sepals are spiculate externally along the veins.

The tails, about as long as the blades, are clavate, possibly adapted as osmophores.

The petals are rounded at the apex, sometimes apiculate, with the margins distantly

or microscopically denticulate; and an obtuse, marginal callus is present at the base.

The lip is oblong, minutely verrucose, with a pair of low, longitudinal calli on the

middle third, from the margins below the middle, converging above the middle, and

with recesses at the base.

460 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 227. Masdevallia erinacea

(Ecuador)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 461

Masdevallia expers Luer & Andreetta, —— 3: ~ 1988.

Ety: From the Latin expers, “‘without,” or “free g to the absence of sepaline tails.

Plant very — ee densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls s erect, blackish, 2-

3 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erec rect, coriaceous, narrowly ces subacute, 15-25

mm long — we a 3- “5 mm long, 5-6 mm wi Pe

saa ;

nce a solitary flowe few-flowered, congested raceme by a slender,

suberect, NE 2-3.5 cm ‘ois, with a bract near ‘the base, from low on mn the 1 ramicaul; floral bracts 2

mm long; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long, th ll white,

densely suffused and spotted with dark purple, glabrous, elliptical, obtuse without forming a tail, the

dorsal sepal 7.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, snc to nr eon eral sepals for 2.5 mm to form

sepaline cup, the lateral sepals oblique,7.5 mm long, 4 wide, connate to each other for re mm, form-

ing a mentum with the column-foot; peta sey aioe with purple, oblong-obovate, obtuse, 2 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, with a broad, obtuse callus on the mid-labellar margin; lip yellow-white, spotted

with dark purple, thick, oblong, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the disc with a a pair of of I low, longitudinal calli

below the middle, the apex rounded, the t mn yellow, semiterete

2.5 mm long, the foot thick, suffused with dark purple, 2 mm long, with an incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera de

Cutuci, alt. 1500 m, collected by Padre Andreetta

and Mario Portillo, and cultivated by Padre Angel

Andreetta at Paute, flowered 8 Feb. 1987, C. Luer

12735 (Holotype: MO)

This little species is apparently ende-

mic in southeastern Ecuador where it was

first discovered by Padre Andreetta. It is

distinguished by the tiny, densely caespi-

tose habit; slender peduncles that slightly

exceed the leaves in length, and produce a

few flowers successively in a congested

inraceme; totally tailless, purple-spotted

sepals; broad petals obtusely callous on

the labellar margin; and a thick, oblong,

Spotted lip. A very similar species, M.

collantesii, occurs in neighboring Peru.

462

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

5 mm

Plate 228. Masdevallia expers

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 463

Masdevallia henniae Luer & Dalstrém, Lindleyana 9: 108, 1

Ety.: Named for Dr. Henni Wanntorp, director of the Stockholm Botanical Garden, co-discoverer of

this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-5 cm long including the 1-2 cm long petiole, the blade

narrowly a 8-9 mm wide, with the apex subacute, the ee ase Cuneate into the slender

nce a loose, successively flowered raceme borne by a slender, prostrate peduncle up to 11 cm

<i from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5- 8 mm long: pedicel 7-12 mm long; ovary costate,

2 ong; sepals dark yellow with a large, purple spot near the base,

bins externally, Ueermas pubescent t within, mostly below the middie; the dorsal sepal ovate, acute,

16 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, connate nelbiger ee eee cy

the lateral sepals scan hs og ute, 16 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, connate 3 mm, forming a deep,

rounded mentum with the c shiek petals pei purple toward the base, obliquely ovate, oe

obtuse at the apex, 8 mm ee vo 2.5 mm wide below the middle across the slightly thickened, dil

margin, 1 mm wide above the middle; lip yellow, purple toward the base, diffusely car oil

thickly cartilaginous, ovate, 11 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, the apex broadly rane: the disc shallowly

sulcate, the base decurved below broadly rounded, basal angles, hinged on the end; column green with

purple margins, narrowly semiterete, 7.5 mm long, the foot 4.5 mm long with a short extension

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del

Condor, south of Paquisha, on trees along Rio

r& H. Wanntorp 1884 (Holotype: MO),

ae illustr. 1658

This small species recently discovered

in southern Ecuador is characterized by a

small, caespitose habit with narrow, pe-

tiolate leaves. The inflorescence is a lax,

successively flowered raceme of compara-

tively large flowers borne by a slender,

elongate, prostrate peduncle. The sepals

are Ovate and tailless; the labellar margins

of the petals are obtusely swollen above

the base; and the lip is large, obtusely

Ovate and diffusely papillose.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

dete ay

CaP ities

Plate 229. Masdevallia henniae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 465

Masdevallia hoeijeri Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 1: 184, 1986.

.: Named in honor of Thomas Héijer of the Botanical Garden of Stockholm, Sweden, who first

discovered this species.

Plant very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots sl : , Suberect, 2-6 mm

long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths, Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 7-12

mm long, 2- i Inflorescence a solitary

wide, gradually narrowed below to the subpetiolate base a

flower borne by a slender, weak, suberect, peduncle, 10-15 mm long, with a bract the from

low on the ramicaul; fl ract thin, infundibular, 2 ; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long, 3-

crested, the crests overlapping the bases of the sepals; sepals brown with darker veins, glabrous, micro-

scopically ciliate on the free margins, the dorsal sepal obovate, 9 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, connate to the

lateral sepals for 4.5 mm to form a broad, cylindrical sepaline tube, the free portion triangular with the

btuse apex contracted into a terete, yellow tail 2.5 mm long, the lateral sepals oblique, obovate, 11 mm

long, 5 mm wide, connate to each other for 4 mm above the d p tum fi i with the column-foot,

the obtuse, free portions contracted into terete, yellow tails 3.5 mm long; petals translucent white with a

purple midvein, oblong, the apex truncate, subapiculate, 4.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the labellar margin

callous; lip red-brown, thick, oblong, 5.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the disc shallowly sulcate, the apex

rounded, minutely verrucose and denticulate, the b bcordate, shallowly cleft ab i

column green, semiterete, without teeth, 4 mm long, the foot 3 mm long, with an incurved extension.

MO); north of Gualaquiza, alt. 1600 m, Feb. 1984, S. ‘

Dalstrém & T. Héijer 879 (MO). Zamora-Chin- /

chipe: east of the pass between Loja and Zamora, alt.

2600 m, collected by W. Teague, 22 May 1988, e (

cultivated in San Francisco, CA, 6 July 1989, C. Luer ss

14389 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Urrao, alt. 1600-1800 m,

collected by E. Valencia, Apr. 1989, cultivated at =

Colomborquideas, R. Escobar 4064 (MO).

This little species was first discovered ant

in southeastern Ecuador by the Swedish a

team of Dalstrém and Héijer in 1984. The /

following year it was discovered in the i

Cordillera del Condor. Plants form tiny, leg

dense tufts of leaves, usually on the small- eee

er branches of short trees in the wet forest. .

The flowers are large for the size of the {

Plant. The short, brownish sepaline tube is 5

Bai

i=)

is}

= oS

‘oO

-~-_-~

He >}

an TN

inflated, and the short, yellow tails are

thick. Masdevallia hoeijeri is related to

M. erinacea and M. pygmaea, both charac-

terized by their crested ovary and long

column-foot,

466 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

t fs

# f

it he

suners etree

ped fet nd

Ysse5:

%, ahs

“erzarsa tent ett

Plate 230. Masdevallia hoeijeri

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 467

Masdevallia indecora Luer & Escobar, Novon 1: 170, 1991.

Ety. From the Latin indecorus, ‘not beautiful,” in allusion to the flower.

Plant small, — caespitose, more or less ascending; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender,

7-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous

acute to subacute, 20-30 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, gradual b

nflorescence a single, more or less downward-facing Pst borne ch a slender, erect ies 30-35

mm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract oblique, 3.5 mm long;

pedicel 2 mm long, with an equally long filament; ovary 1.5 mm long, carinate, the carinae minimally

denticulate; sepals yellow, suffused with red-brown, glabrous, the Gorse sepa ovate, — = dees

long, 4.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 3

acute, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 10 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate 3. 5 mm to create a prominent

secondary mentum and a deep pri mentum with the column-foot, the free portions triangular,

petals white, membranous, obliquely oblong, 3.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the apex acute, the labellar

margin very slightly thickened, the upper margin obtusely angled near the middle; lip yellow-brows,

oblong, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex broad}

tudinal carinae, the base subtruncate, semi beneath; column semiterete, 3.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm

long, with a short, incurved extensi

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Jardin, epiphytic

in forest near Cinfuentes, alt. 2600 m, collected by

M. Zapata, flowered in cultivation at spicing 8

deas, 24 Mar. 1991, C. Luer

Isotype: MO).

This little species is apparently rare

and endemic in the Central Cordillera of

Colombia where it is known by only a

single collection. It is most closely allied

to the frequent and widely distributed M.

anachaeta. In habit it is larger than M.

anachaeta, but with a similar, small,

nodding flower. Instead of spiculate, the

Ovaries are simply crested. Instead of

caudate, the sepals are acute without

forming tails. The characteristic tooth at

the base of the petals of M. anachaeta is

lacking, The lip of both species is bicar-

inate above the middle.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

. MRR?

ee VPA

Bes}

peat

Se ee a en eye eT tee enn eae

Plate 231. Masdevallia indecora

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 469

shea Ch

Masdevallia manchinazae Luer & ——— presen 3: 201, 1988.

Ety.: Named for the area of Manchi inaza where t ccurs

manchinaza, meaning “‘cricket river.’

lant small, epiphytic, TS roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 5-10 mim long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf er ect, coriaceous, 2.5-5 cm long including the 1-2.5 em

long, the blade elliptical, acute, a uneate below into the blackish petiole. Inflorescence a

small, solitary (? always) flower borne by a slender, reclining to sube le 3-7.5 cm long, with a

bract near = _ from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular 4-5 mm long; pedicel 4-6 mm long;

ovary 3- ; sepals translucent light green, finely veined in purple, the primary veins carinate

externally, pn ous, the dorsal sepal ovate, the entire length 40 mm, nearly 5 mm wide, 3-veined, con

nate to the aa dice for 3 mm to form a short, cylindrical, sepaline tube, th

iangular, the a apex contracted into a tan en light green tail, the lateral vent narrowly eh

a beatae the ‘entire length 45 mm, connate 14 mm to form a lamina 7 mm wi each lateral +

contracted fil t tails; petals translucent white with

idvei ee acute, obliq b late mm lo ong, 1 mm wide, the labellar margin with

a small, obtuse nits ei the pert and basal x in lip pale green, obovate ve the

base, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the disc longitudinally bicarinate, with light brown ea the base

subcordate, ~~ on the mits column white, semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a short,

incurved extensio

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Con-

dor, epiphytic in forest east of Chuchumbletza, alt.

1750 m, 21 May 1988, C. iw uer, A. Hirtz W. Flores,

A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13544 (Holotype: MO).

This little species is found infrequently

in the forests of the Cordillera del Condor

within a few meters of the disputed Peru-

vian border. It is closely allied to M.

amaluzae, M. paquishae, and M. sanche-

zii, but it is readily distinguished from

them by the small flower with proportion-

ately large, elongate, deeply connate later-

al sepals with long, filamentous tails; and

an obtuse, obovate, bicarinate lip.

470

Se ae oe ee ry eee

fe a ia alll ia Ak

eittieea nade atten pope

CE CA AD NE pee SEER REE AAMED cen mene = i.

. Wet sare acsomare

AAO tte tacomn oy

ie paninneonmatiemen ee tema seasonal

OS eT AEE awa

Plate 232. Masdevallia manchinazae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 471

Masdevallia mataxa KGniger & H.Mend., Die Orchidee 44: 178, 1993.

Ety.: From the Greek mataxa, “a silk worm cocoon,” referring to the

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by

= 3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 5-9 cm long including the petiole 1.5-3 a

ong, the blade elliptical, acute, 1-1.7 cm wide, th cuneate into the slender petiole

ses few-flowered, isemeotine raceme baie me a slender, more or less horizontal le 61

cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5-6 mm long;

pedic cel 11 mm long; ovary 4 mm long, low-costate; sepals white with 3 dark purple stripes along the

veins, subcarinate externally, the dorsal sepal ee ca. 18 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate to the later-

al sepals 9 mm to form a broad tube, the fre with th ted int

slender, white tail 35 mm long, the lateral ideals bere: yellow. hee at the base, connate 22 mm into

an elliptical, concave, bifurcated, 6-veined lamina ca. 28 m g, 19 mm wide, with the margins in-

volute, rit channeled in the center, sie eae with a pair a loagiediiall convex rows, sulcate bet-

ween, pubescent on outer thirds, the base ing a mentum with the column-foot, the apices acute,

nearly approximate, contracted into nde white tails ca. 25 mm long; petals white with a a purple

midvein, ie Se acute, 6.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with a low

lip white, suffused with purple toward the base, elliptical, microscopic oe serrulate, with the apex broad-

ly Aceartars arcuate above the base, concave in basal third between erec rounded margins, 9 mm long,

3.75 mm wide, the disc with a pair of low, longitudinal calli, minutely gic with purple, the base

broadly flattened, hinged beneath; column arnch with purple margins, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot

thick, equally long with a thick, incurved extensi

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Numbala, La

Table, alt. 2200 m, collected by Hartman Mendoza,

Dec. 1990, cultivated in Munich, Germany by W.

in. Easton, CT. 10 May 1995, C. Luer 17499

This species is apparently endemic in

southeastern Ecuador. It is related to the

equally large-flowered M. patula of this

section. Vegetatively similar with acute,

petiolate leaves, the large flower is also

borne on a more or less horizontal pedun-

cle. The concave synsepal is white and

thinly striped and dotted with purple. The

interior is longitudinally furrowed and

with long, villous, white hairs. The petals

are acute and the lip is oblong with erect,

rounded margins on the basal quarter.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

“ hele enh di De pl blige i) ein oa ola a Rian a ie

Plate 233. Masdevallia mataxa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 473

Masdevallia a rn Phytologia 39: 212, 1978.

Ety.: From the Latin us, “with a chin,

Syn.: Masdevallia baile Luer, pone 4:1

Ety.: From the Greek pee a great tongue,’ eae to the large, ligulate labellum.

Plant small, epiphytic lender. R auls erect, slender, 3-8 mm long, enclosed by

2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 2-5 cm long including a petiole 0.5-1 cm long, the blade

narrowly elliptical, a 0.7-0.9 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole succes-

sion of single flowers borne in a congested raceme up to 7 mm long, by a slender, more or less erect

peduncle 4.5-7 cm be, more or less slightly triquetrous toward the apex, with a bract above the base,

from the base of a ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 4-5 mm long; pedicel 4-5 mm long; ovary 235 mm

long, slightly costate; sepals fleshy, yellow-green with a few markings of red or on the

margins, sparsely short-pubescent within below the middle, the dorsal sepal ovate, 11-12 mm am 45-6

mm wide, connate to the lateral pia for 2-3 mm to form a broad, gaping, cylindrical, sepaline tube, the

apex thickened, triangular, acute, the lateral sepals

ovate, oblique, 11-12 mm long, 5-6.5 mm wide,

connate 3 mm, connate to the column-foot for 4.5

mm to form a deep mentum, the apices triangular,

acute; petals yellow-green, narrowly suboblong,

oblique, 6.5 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, the apex

dine, acute, the labellar half with a longitudinal

callus ending in an obtuse, rounded, descending

between a pair of] low calli caries be middle, ct

apex rounded, th

2 mm long, channeled claw, ‘oni at the end;

column semiterete, winged above the middle, 4.5

mm long with the foot 4.5 mm lon

ECUADOR: Pastaza: epiphytic in rain forest 20 km

east of Puyo, alt. ca. 900 m, 3 Aug. 1977, C. Luer, J.

Luer & J. Brenner 1814 (Holotype: SEL}. Without

collection data, obtained from Roberto Estrada of

Guayaquil, Ecuador, by oS aoa in November

1988, cultivated at J & L Orchids in Easton, CT, 289-

313, Feb. 1989, C. Luer tee (holotype of M.

glossacles: MO).

This uncommon, little species, appar-

ently endemic in lowland, eastern Ecuador,

is characterized by a caespitose habit with

elliptical leaves exceeded by a suberect,

Slender peduncle. Toward the raceme the

peduncle becomes slightly angled on cross

section, a finding occasionally seen in

Species not noted for a triquetrous pedun-

cle. For this reason, this species was

Originally placed in a unispecific section

(Luer, 1986) now deemed inseparable

from subgenus Pygmaeia. The raceme is

successively flowered, the surfaces of the

Ovaries are low-costate, and the sepals are

'tlangular and tailless. Related to M.

henniae, the petals are similarly swollen

above the base and the elliptical lip is also

Proportionately large.

474 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Ae eee ee ee

Plate 235. Masdevallia mentosa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 475

Masdevallia merinoi Luer & Portilla, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76:

151, 1999.

Ety.: Named for Gilberto Merino of Gualaceo, Ecuador, who collected this Lew

Plant small, epiphytic, slen erect, 0.8-1 cm long, enclosed

by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, pleases 4-5. 5 cm eps nciding ihe petiole 1.5 cm

long, the blade elliptical, acute, 1-1.2 cm wide, Inflorescence

a successive, few-flowered raceme, borne by a slender, suberect to horizontal peduncle 7-8 mm long,

the base and another on the lower quarter, from low on the ramicaul; bract :

5-7 mm long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; sepals dull white, striped with 1 red-purple, glabrous,

the dorsal sepal oblong, 15 mm long, 7 mm wide,

drical tube, the apex acute, acuminate into a slender, i tail 4cm long, the entire length 5.5 cm, the

lateral sepals broadly subovate, oblique, 6 cm long, connate 12 mm into a lamina 13 mm wide, the apices

acute, attenuated into slender tails; petals white, elliptical, acute, 6.5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, callous on

the lower half on the middle third; lip suffused with red-purple, oblong, 8. 3 mm long, 3 mm wide, ts the

apex rounded, minutely erosé, disc longitudinal

esata _— beneath; column white, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long including the

urved extens

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: above Valladolid,

600 m, kon June 1998 by Gilberto Merino,

cultivated at Ecu era, Gualaceo, Ecuador, Oct.

1 J. Portilla id Gian: MO), C. Luer illustr.

19254.

Among the species of this section, this

Species is most closely allied to M.

manchinazae, but differs in the larger

flower with the sepaline tube thrice as

long, and the lateral sepals are free a short

distance beyond the tube. The lateral

sepals of M. manchinazae are deeply

connate far beyond the tube. Except for

being larger, the petals and lip are basical-

ly similar. The lip of M. merinoi is

minutely verrucose with the verrucae low

and elongate, and with the apex round and

minutely erose. The lip of M. manchina-

Zae is smooth and entire.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

476

ON nO Nieniaeon cogent

eee rhe meas aes one ance ee

Plate 236. Masdevallia merinoi

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 477

an ee ns dere 375, 1978.

Ety.: N. re the species occurs

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 1-1.5 cm

prices ger d a a 3 short, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to ‘Suberect, » coriaceous, narrowly obovate,

1.8¢

subac’ e, 5-12 cm g, 1.2-1 m wide, gradually +P

base. pc ihn te ly few-flowered, congested raceme borne jer hori It

descending peduncle 5-8 cm long, from rr on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, close, 4 mm long;

pedicel light green, speckled with purple, 11 mm long; ovary ye llow, suffused and dotted with purple, 5

mm long; sepals yellow, lightly spotted with purple, pically p the middle, the

dorsal sepal obovate, 10 mm long, 5 mm wide, lateral sep lindri

cal tube, t lar, the apex i into a filifi teflexed tail 3-4 om long, the

lateral s sepals connate 20 mm y ovate, bifid lamina verrucae,

microscopic ally pubescent, ey pt: attenuated into slender, recurving tails, the total length 4-5 cm, |

across the expanded synsepal; petals white, strongly marked with purple on the labellar half,

variably marked with purple on the opposite half, oblong, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex

aca, die niperains bifid, obtusely angled on the upper m argin n above the narrow, ungui :

e the base; lip white,

speckled with purple, oblong-subp ibpandurate, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm: wide, the apex subacute, the base

subcordate, hinged to the column- fot column white, marked with purple, semiterete, the foot 2mm

long with a minute, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Chimborazo: epiphytic near Naranja-

pata, Km 100 along the railroad from Guayaquil to

Quito, alt. 550 m, June 1977, collected by Walter

m, 10 Feb. 1958, C. H. Dodson 125 (MO); same

epiphytic in coffee trees, alt. 556 m, cultivated by by.

Hutchinson, specimen prepared 23 Nov. 1960,

C.H. Dodson & G. Frymire 92 (AMES, JEPS).

This species is related to the variable

M. zahlbruckneri, which is distributed

from Central America to Bolivia, but M.

naranjapatae is endemic ina small,

remote area of lowland western Ecuador.

Here it grows in old orange trees with

Dracula mopsus (Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Luer.

Masdevallia naranjapatae is character-

ized by the small, caespitose habit and a

long, slender, more or less horizontal,

successively flowered peduncle. From a

short sepaline tube the long-tailed dorsal

sepal recurves while the laterals are deeply

sane roe 1 se cieodieal

ing tails. The petals are oblong with an acute apex and = sd seas (ie

callus along the labellar margin ending in an ee re pot calli.

unguiculate base. The lip is oblong and subacute with a pair dinal

478

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 237. Masdevallia naranjapatae

isl

ey Cay eer ge

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 479

— paquishae Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 3: 204, 1988.

ty.: Named for the area of Paquisha where this species occurs. Paquisha from the Shuari pakkintza,

ig aioe “‘peccary creek.”

Syn. Masdevallia trivenia Kéniger, Arcula 7: 205, 1997.

Ety.: From an invented word referring to the Latin rrivenosus, “three-veined,” in allusion to the

promine ently three-veined sepals.

ant small, epiph 1 r. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 5-10 mm long,

Bet by 2- 3 abel: teeter Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-7 cm long including the petiole 1.5-2.5 cm

long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 0.8-1 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflor-

escence a small, solitary (? always) an borne by a slender, reclining to suberect peduncle 3-6 cm

long, with a bract near the base, from lo As the ramicaul; floral bract tubular 3-4 mm long; pedicel 45

mm long; ovary purple, 3-4 mm long, li li ] he rib Is whi greenish white,

striped in purple, the primary veins pers spits glabrous, the dorsal | sepal ovate, ca. 10 mm long,

4 mm wide, 3-veined, hg to the a sepals for 45 mm Jha oy a short, cylindrical, sepaline tube,

th s triangu white tail 12-13 mm long, the entire

length 35 mm, the late vets sepals ovate, pote ca. 13 mm long, connate 6-8 mm to to form a lamina 8 mm

wide expanded, each lateral sepal 5-(6-)striped Hie 2 prominent, purple veins and stripes of lighter

purple between, the free portions triangular, acut , contracted into slender, white tails 12-15 mm long;

tals translucent white with a purple m midvein, uae acute, oblique, 3.75-5 so long.

1-1.2 mm wide, the labellar margin lightly callous with a small, obtuse angle between the m

basal thirds; lip purple, elliptical, acute, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the disc with 3 darker purple, longi 3

tudinal veins, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column white with thin, margins, semiterete,

mm long, the foot 2 mm long including a short, incurved extension.

CUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Con- eee ee et

dor, epiphytic in forest east of Chuchumbletza, alt.

Condor, epiphytic in forest east of Los Encuentros,

alt. 1500 m, 20 May 1988, collected by B. Malo, C:

Luer 13513 (M

ERU: Junin: Chanchamayo valley, collector

unknown, exported by M. Arias, 1993, cultivated in

Munich, Germany, by W. Kéniger WK-74 (holotype

of M. trivenia: M; clonotypes: K, UNALM, USM,

Herb. H. Koni niger).

This little species occurs in southeast-

ern Ecuador and northern Peru. A photo-

graph by Walter Teague and identified as

M. chiquindensis was published in the

article The Masdevallias of Kilometer X by

Hawley and Teague in the American

Orchid Society Bulletin in 1976. It was

first collected by José Strobel in August

1954, and a plant cultivated by Henry

Scardefield was awarded an AM/AOS as

Masdevallia chiquindensis ‘Spyhill’.

Masdevallia paquishae is similar to Jar to M. amaluzae,

sanchezii, but the petals of the latter are subulate. It is shoe brown aaa and

but the lateral sepals of the latter are yellow a sepaline t

connate a proportionately greater distan ce beyo ith dark purple and with ion of

Sepals on M. — are prominently tly striped w!

lighter purple betwee

The Peruvian soltesiien is slightl

Ecuadorian collections.

y larger vegetatively and florally than the

eee MA Ona eT erg) at

PSY Nees Reet Rope eB es

Plate 238. Masdevallia paquishae

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 481

aabpomne patula Luer & Malo, —— 39: 220,1978.

.: From the Latin patulus, “‘outspread,” referring to the large, widespread

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 10-13 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 5-9 cm long including the petiole 2-3 cm

long, the blade elliptical, acute, 1-1.6 cm wide, the base cuneate into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a

few-flowered, congested raceme of successive flowers borne by a slender, more or less horizontal

peduncle 10-15 cm long, with a bract oe the middle, from low in the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6

mm long; pedicel 8 mm long; ovary 4 mm ong, subverrucose with low ribs; with red:

brown to red-purple stripes along the lly, the dorsal 60-70 mm

long, 8 mm wide, connate to the aah sepals for 7 mm to create a cylindrical tube, the free portion

narrowly triangular with the acute apex

an oblong, convex, bifurcated, 6-veined lamina ca ca. 35 mm ok 15-18 rm wide, the acute apices con con-

tracted into slender green tails ca. 25 mm long; a white P

acute, 6 mm long, mm wide, both halves | ith

the lower third; lip rose-red, obovate, arcuate, 7. 5 mm nm Long, 4 mm wide, the apex obtuse, — disc binges a

pair o of low, ioopitndinnt calli,

end; column — with purple margins, semiterete, 4 mm am long, the foot equally long with a rented =

curved exte

ECUADOR: ee a in cloud

east of Cuenca, alt. 2200 m, April 1975, col-

ected by B. Malo ee at se: near Cuenca,

: July 1977, C. Luer 1656 (SEL); epiphytic in cloud

forest east of Paute, 1978, A. Andreetta 60 (SEL);

Ong new road between Macas and Guamote, alt.

tol, CT, 5 May 1990, C. Luer 14739A (MO). Za-

mora-Chinchipe: epiphytic along Rio Jamboe,

collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 25 May

1988, C. Luer 13689 (MO); same area, along new

road to Zamora, alt. 1400 m, Feb. 1995, A. Hirtz

6184 (MO).

This species is uncommon and local in

southeastern Ecuador. The flower is large

for the size of the plant, and is borne

successively on a slender, horizontal,

sometimes descending peduncle. Most

conspicuous is the huge, yellowish, pur-

Plish-striped synsepal and the long, white,

filiform tails. The acute petals and obo-

vate lip are similar to those of M. carme-

nensis.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

482

5 mm

Plate 239. Masdevallia patula

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 483

materia plantaginea (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): ~ 1896.

as.: Specklinia plantaginea Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 51, t. 89A, 183

a From the Latin — “like a plantain,”’ in allusion to similarities 2 a species of Plan-

tago of the family Plantagina

ee Pleurothallis aa rae & Endl.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27: Misc. 82, 1842.

Syn.: (P & Endl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891.

\ if ¢

Syn.: Masdevallia coprillaets Luer, Selbyana 7: 104, 1982.

Ety.: From the Latin capillaris, “hairlike,” referring to the thin, elongated peduncle.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, blackish, 4-5 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, ribbed sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute, 18-50 mm long,

mm wide, gradually narrowed below into a slender, subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a gradually

elongating, more or less reclining, loose, score few-flowered raceme up to 15 cm long including

the ei sle ie — — low on pen 1; floral bract 1 5-3 mm long; pedicel - 3-10 ary tong:

ov ong, with 3 pai

sepals Eten acta, dolicaiely i PF ‘purple with yellow apices, connate to each other for 3

mm to form a short, cylindrical tube, the dorsal sepal oblong, the free portion , narrowly oblong,

obtuse, the entire length 12.5 mm, the width 3 mm, the lateral sepals subfalcate, 12.5 on long, 2.5 mm

wide, the free portions similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals yellow, subfalcate, 3. mm long, 1.5

mm wide, dilated on a labellar margin between the middle and lower thirds, , short-

ly apiculate; lip pu obovate-oblong, arcuate, 3.75 mm long expanded, I. 3 mm wide, the apex any

etubet-colintas. nes erose, thickened below the middle to the truncate base, dean

neath, the disc with a pair of low, a calli; column yellow, semiterete, 3 mm long, the slender

foot 2 mm long, with a thin, incurved extensi

PERU: Hudnuco: near —— Aug. 1829, E.

Poeppig s.n. (Holotype: W; Isotype: K), C. Luer

illustr. 16983; Cuchero, 1830, E. Poeppig 1514 (W).

ECUADOR: Zam

ra :

forest below fog se alt. 1400 m, near Valladolid, 20

Feb. 1982, D. D’Alessandro 163 (holotype of M.

capillaris: les C. Luer illustr. 8074; epiphytic in

loud forest between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1500 m,

Nov. 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D. D’Alessandro

P. Jesup, A. Jesup & A. Hirtz 16111 (MO); Cordil-

lera del Condor, Packicutes collected by A. Hirtz,

cultivated in Quito, 10 Jan. 1992, C. Luer 15545

vi O); Cordillera del Condor, Napintza, alt. 1000 m,

ne 1991, A. Hirtz 5548 (MO).

This little species was first collected in

1829 by Poeppig during his sojourn in

Peru. His published description and illus-

tration are so vague that no relationship

with other species could be determined.

Lindley transferred it from Specklinia to

Pleurothallis in 1842, and Cogniaux trans-

ferred it to Masdevallia in 1896. pee

cially, the type-specimen appears to

small, successively flowered vleuredille th

flower proves the species to be the same as M. ¢ capilta: ak

Southeastern Ecuador where it has been occasio onally aaals

The tiny tuft of narrow leaves is indistinguishable from tal —_— bears in slow

Pleurothallids. The long, slender, more oF less horizon are

Succession a few, distant, fleshy flowers with broad, iliptical with a pair of low,

longitudinal calli.

; A hydrated

bles P, grobyi. A

at ene ss wens described

multitude of other

484 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 240. Masdevallia plantaginea

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 485

Masdevallia pterygiophora Luer & Escobar, Lindleyana 3: 50, 1988.

Ety.: From the Greek pterygiophoros, “bearing a little wing,” referring to the winged ovary.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 3-4 mm long, enclosed

2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate-linear, subacute to obtuse, 15-25 mm

long, 2-3 mm wide, gradually narrowed below to the base. Inflorescence a single flower borne by @

slender, weak, suberect peduncle 15-25 mm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul;

floral bract thin, tubular, 3 mm long, enclosing the pedicel 1 part of th ae wih a

vary 2 mm long, 6-winged, the wing lapping the t of

green, veined in red-purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, :

lateral sepals for 3 mm to ne a broad, cylindrical tube, the free portion triangular, the coreg

thickened, minutely apiculate, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 7.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate }.

mm above the deep mentum formed with the column-foot, the free porti ‘ triangular with sagt ted

obtuse and thickened; petals translucent yellow-green with a purple midvein, oblong. obtuse, 4.9 mm

fel, 1

7 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate to the

long, 1.25 mm wide, the labellar margin slightly thickened; lip . ~_ 8 age soe

semiterete, 3.5 mm long,

cal-oblong, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex thicken A

ly cleft above, hinged beneath; column green, marked with purple, bidentate,

the foot 2.5 mm long with a short, i ed extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Vereda, El Viaho, Nov.

1975, alt. 2000 m, collected by R. Escobar, J. Kuhn

et al., cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 20

Jan. 1978, C. Luer 2288 (Holotype: SEL); Cocorné,

El Viaho, alt. 1600 m, Dec. 1974, P. Ortiz 4266

(Herb, P. Ortiz).

This tiny species is rare and difficult to

find, having been found growing on twigs

of small trees in one valley. Consul Leh-

mann’s painting 106 at K of this species

bears the intended name M. pterygiophora.

Lehmann’s herbarium number 7275 with

the collection data: Antioquia, San Gre-

gorio, alt. 2000 m, are given, but the

specimen apparently does not exist.

The solitary flower, large for the size

of the plant, is borne by a short, slender

peduncle. The ovary is winged with the

margins overlapping the bases of the

sepals. The apices of the sepals are thick-

ened and obtuse. The lip is elliptical,

verrucose and entire. It is apparently

related to M. hoeijeri from Ecuador, but

the latter is distinguished by the thick but

short, well-formed, sepaline tails.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

486

Plate 241. Masdevallia pterygiophora

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 487

Masdevallia pygmaea Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. ena Veg. Beih. 34: 92, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin pygmaeus, “pygmy,” referring to the dwarf

Syn.: Masdevallia eeepc Kise, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni we Beih. 34: 99, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin muriculatus, “‘muriculate,” in reference to the spiny exterior of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia exigua Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orchid. 10: 17, 1930.

Ety.: From the Latin exiguus, “little, feeble,”’ referring to the habit of the plant.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-8 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, sulcate, narrowly linear, narrowly

obtuse, si 40 mm ae ra the indistinct petiole 3-5 mm ‘long, | 1-21 mm wite, | Inflorescence a

small, solitary, white r, borne by as suberect, slender P ar the

base, emgnlcbvi kag floral t b 2 mm | cel 15-4 mm long, ovary

thick, densely muriculate, 1-1.5 mm long: sepals white a ae carinate eater the dorsal spa

suborbicular, concave, 2.5 mm long, pie mm

form a cylindrical tube, th to a thickened, forwardly directed, white tail

st mm- os ee lateral sepals ovate, ‘oblique, 3mm nde, connate 2.5 mm into a : lamina § mm wide

anded, forming a deep mentum beneath the column-foot, obtuse free portions contracted into

thick, —_— te, wpture ed tails 3-7 mm long; petals white, oblong, 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the apex

trunc arly erose-dentate, th wi .

ciuenis pets at or base; lip white, suffused with purple, elliptical-oblong, 2-2.5 mm long, ean

mm wide, the disc with a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the apex x rounded, the base truncate _—

beneath; column white, more or less marked with purple along the margin, semiterete, 1.5 mm

foot 1 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: Quebrada Verde, ca. 1867, A. Endres Min, tee te

289 (Holotype: W). San José: above San Isidro, alt.

1600 m, 29 Dec. 1881, F.C. Lehmann 1073 (BR, G);

La Palma, Bo su e de Aguilio, alt. 1190 m, Nov.

pa A. M. Brenes (75) 405 (holotype of M. exigua:

MES); La Palma, alt. 1600 m, 17 Mar. 1924, P-C.

Srandley 38057 (AMES); Parqué Nacional hai

803 (AMES, CR, MO, SEL). Heredia: epiphy tic

near pee alt. 1500 m, 4 Nov. 1978, C.

Todzia 517 eS

COLOMBIA : Antioquia: Dabeiba, Alto del Aguila,

27 Sept. 1974, collected by A. Arango, cultivated by

M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 24 Sept. 1977, C. Luer

1835 (SEL); nee ee alt. 1400-1800 m, 7 Nov.

1884, FC. Lehm 43 (G). Cauca: epiphytic in

humid forest cier emesis at Rio Dagua, alt.

1800 m, 10 Mar. pie EC. Lehmann 2734 (holotype

of M. muriculata: K G).

ECUADOR: Pichincha: epiphytic in forest above

Toachi, alt. 1500 m, A. Hirtz O).

This minute species is relatively infre-

quent in Costa Rica, and the Western collected but once. It

Cordillera of Colombia, but rare in Ecuador where : pice first collected in Costa

has not yet been recorded from intervening gare” with the name he

Rica by Endres who sent a specimen n to Reichen 1g81 and 1884 by Lehmann, th

microscopica.”” It was collected in Colombia in ne A wetercol0r painting .

latter collection with the suggested name ame M. intended name M. pusillissima.

Lehmann of another collection at Kew bears : ae collected by Lehmann in

Both Endres’ Costa Rican specimen and the firs

Colombia were described later as two species Dy ‘terete leaves resembles some

Vegetatively, this tiny species with narrow, he flower with a densely papil-

species of the genus Trisetella Luer. The min iy Je shorter than

lose ovary and thickened, upturned tails is t and the simple lip is bicallous.

the leaves. The petals bear a tooth at the base, and

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 242. Masdevallia pygmaea

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 489

ee pyknosepala Luer & Cloes, sp. n

.: From the Greek. pyknosepalum, “‘thick sepal,” pe to the sepals.

Seis haec M. pterygiophorae Luer & Escobar similis, sed petalis callosis argute apiculatis,

Plant very small, epiphytic, wong roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 5 mm long, enclosed by

1-2 thin, a. sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, a 12-20 mm long, 4-5 mm

wide, gradually narrowed below to a seins 5-8 mm long. single flower, by

another, ca. 5 mm apart, borne by a slender, le 20-30 mm ing, with a bract near the base,

from low on the ramicaul; floral bract thin, ‘tubular, 2.5 mm long, enc the pedicel; pedicel 3 mm

long; ovary 2 mm long, 6-winged, subfimbriate; sepals light yellow, with apices yellow, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal onl rounded and thickened at the € Apex, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral

sepals — opine, 7 mm long,

sepals for 3 m ;

3.5mm thon connat aE ee ese

obtuse, thick; sneer siden nen te green, obliquely ovate, obtuse, minutely apiculate, 3 3mm —

1.5 mm wide, the la callous ab

obovate, arcuate, rye mm 5 lone 1.5 mm per the apex x obtuse, with a minutely nyse ss ah

the disc shallowly channeled between a pair of thick, longitudinal calli, the ee

— column lig shallowly iy semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a

rved extensi

PERU: Hudnuco: Carpish, Pointe Duran, alt. 1

m, collected by Saul Ruiz Perez of Lima, Peru, i

000, P. Cloes s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr.

19386.

This tiny species is known only from

the recent collection made by Saul Ruiz.

Apparently it is rare with a very limited

distribution, as occurs with its closest

relatives, such as the Colombian M. ptery-

giophora

The flower, large for the size of the

plant, is borne by a slender peduncle. A

second, distant flower follows the first.

The ovary is winged with the margins

slightly fringed. The apices of the sepals

are thickened and obtuse. The petals are

minutely apiculate. The lip is oblong-

obovate, obtuse and arcuate with a thick

pair of longitudinal calli.

Se ee ee re Fe

Py ee ee ee eee

5 mm

mremanes ity et

Siredamener sana e.taargiee :

Powe,

NCEP IMT

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 243. Masdevallia pyknosepala

490

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 491

Masdevallia sanchezii Luer & Andreetta, Phytologia 47: 68, 1980.

inh f Eduardo Sanch fC Ecuador. di f th

Ety.: Named in

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. _Ramicauls slender , erect, blackish, 2-5 mm long,

eines by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 2-4.3 cm long including the 0.8-

m long eae the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 5-9 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the

facie petiole. Inflorescence a single flower borne by .

3.5 cm long, ih a bract near the base, from low on th icaul; floral bract 4 mm | 8: dicel 5 Aes

mm long; ovary green, 3 mm long Is dull green veins, the

nae dark purple, the pute sepal ovate, 251 mm long i cluding the tail, 5 mm wide, connate to the ben

sepals for r 3.5 mm to form the acute apex attenuated into

a slender, antrorse * brown, becoming ie toward the apex, the lateral “et east 25 mm long

including the tails, each 5 mm wide, connate 5 mm to form an elon gated, shallo

h tails; pena mech white,

ened along the

rose, the apices cates eee into slender, seater petals

marked with purple along the midvein, ovate, 7.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, —_, thick ;

labellar margin, both margins cellular-erose, the apex yellow, acuminate, acute, mm long; lip light

green, marked with 5 longitudinal stri of dark purple, elliptical, acute, 7.5 mm “ich 2.5 mm wide, the

disc with a pair of low, longitudinal carinae, the base cordate, hinged beneath to the column-foot;

column green, semiterete, 2.5 mm oe ng, pel winged at either side of the apex, the foot 2 mm long

with a very short, incurved extens

ADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in forest

pt.

. 1500

lected by A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated at

Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 13639 (MO).

This little species, apparently endemic

in southeastern Ecuador, was first collect-

ed and cultivated by Eduardo Sanchez in

1977, as well as Father Angel Andreetta in

Cuenca.

Among the species in section Amalu-

zae, this species is probably most closely

related to M. amaluzae, but it is easily

distinguished from the latter by the unu-

sual, long-acuminate petals and acute lip.

492 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 4

Plate 244. Masdevallia sanchezii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 493

Masdevallia scalpellifera Luer, Harvard Papers in Botany 2: be 1997.

Ety.: From the Latin scalpellifer, “bearing a lancet, or scalpel,” referring to the lip.

Plant small, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, ca. 0.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3

loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf e — — mi re 2.8-4.2 cm long including the petiole ca. 1 cm

long, the blade is obova tuse, 5-6 mm Ww wide, the bi base ase narrowly cuneate into the

petiole. Tt y

a suberect, slender ye eg 5 cm long, from low on the —— floral bract tubular, 4 mm long; pedi-

cel 5 mm long; ovary crested, 1.5 mm long; sepals greenish, suffused and veined in purple, glabrous,

each tricarinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, 12 mm soe 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the

hecssi sepals for 3 mm to form a short, cylindrical, sepaline tube, the apex acute, narrowly ——

forwardly directed, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 12 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 4mm,

shallowly concave above the middle, the apices narrowly acute; petals white, elliptical, gi 3.5 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, with the labellar margin thic kened; lip purp pipragce ag epinsiils mm long, 2

mm niddle with obtusely middle, coy subacute, micro-

scopic calls eabreecnscune , the disc with a central, fl the middle,

becoming 3 parallel crests above the middle, the base subcordate te with obtuse lobes, hinged beneath;

column semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long, with a thick, incurved extension.

5s aia Zamora-Chinchipe: road between Loja

d Zamora, alt. 2700 m, July 1992, P. Cloes & H.

ri Borch 85/2100 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr.

26.

This species, known only from a col-

lection in southeastern Ecuador by Patrick

Cloes, is closely related to M. aphanes, but

differs in narrowly acute, more or less

subcaudate apices of the sepals, instead of

broadly triangular. The petals are similar

to those of M. aphanes. Instead of oblong

and distinctly unguiculate, the lip is

subpandurate and subacute, the shape

reminiscent of the blade of a lancet. In-

stead of a bicarinate claw, a flat callus is

present below the middle, and it becomes

three-crested above the middle.

494 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

‘ 5s Pea eet eee

iin une Pte Soe tl eee -.

Plate 245. Masdevallia scalpellifera

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 495

Masdevallia schizopetala Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 101, 1925.

Ety.: From the Greek schizopetalon, ‘‘a split petal,” exaggeratedly referring to the apex of the petal.

Syn.: Masdevallia morenoi Luer, Phytologia 39: 213, 1978.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Luis Moreno of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, who reportedly collected this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-10 mm 1 long, enclosed

by 2-3 ribbed, tubular sheaths iaceous, 2 tiole 5-10

mm long, the blade wath elliptical, subacute, 4-6 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole.

rescence a small flower, produced successively in a distantly 3- to 4-flowered raceme, 2-3 cm long,

by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle up to 11 cm long, with 2-3 distant bracts, from near the

of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 3-6 mm long; ovary green, with 6

etutnting ribs, 2.5-4 mm long; sepals membranous, subcarinate, light yellow-green, lightly dotted,

mottled or suffused with purple below the middle, glabrous, the sepal ovate, ovate, 14- 4-20 mm long

including the tail, 4 mm wide, connate to the sensed ical tube, the

rtion narrowly triangular, acute, graduall

— sepals cellular-glandular \ within, ovate, oblique, 15-20 ma man

nate 3-4 mm.

te, gradually contracted into slender, —— directed tails magia greenish white, ovate, oblique,

unguicult, 3.5-4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, x acute, Pebag the labellar margin aes

acute angle or tooth near or shortly below - middle above the base; Foie ccs i

ibe with red- shir rhomboid with decurved sides, 4.5-5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the ae a purple

disc shallowly sulcate dep 8 the base subcordate, hinged ; column white

margin, semiterete, 3 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long, with a short, i extension.

and Anserma Vieja, alt.

Benalcazér t 4 illustr. 17740.

HBG), «. Lver illustr. |

- K; Isotypes: BR, “i 9320.

1200-1600 m, June 1883. EC. Lehmann 3 “9836 (Holotype C. Luer illustr. 1

Valle del Cauca: collected near Cali, Feb. 2000, Scatter" Endres 381 (W); El Socorro de

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Cuesta de la Calera, ers, San Rae, es. epiphytic on Pods, —

M. Brenes 2242 ( ° 978, C. Luer 3638 (SEL)

COLOMBI A: Caldas

San Ramén, alt. 1050 m, 25 July 1924, A. A., 14 Dec. I

by R. L. Stone, Nov. 1976, cultivated at Los ses Set 178 , collected by L. eae nen

Cartago: epiphytic on Volcan Irazé, alt. 2000 m, 2 Las Nubes, alt. 1450 m,

4247 (SEL). Guanacaste: Montev verde, Finca $m MO) oso9 rangares, road 10 LAS :

1 Ski

0 Nov. 1988, W. Haber & hag CR, MO). _ cultivated by R. Escobar in Medel-

28 Jan. 1989, W. Haber & W. Zuchowski 9025 (CR.

PAN. : Chiriquf: Fortuna site, collected by R- by L. Moreno,

- Colombia, 1 ng Sed sh sa baer 2927 (SEL) 450 m, July 1975, reportedly collected M. wat SEL).

BOLIVIA: of Caranda, ate 1977, Caer 1606 (holotype of

cultivated by E. Marshall i in + Oriani: FL, 26

ee eT

ae et TONE rp mrae \

— |

ore abel

Plate 246. Masdevallia schizopetala

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 497

This species was first collected in 1869 in Costa Rica by Endres, who sent de-

tailed illustrations with specimens to Reichenbach, but no action was taken. In

1925, it was described by Krinzlin from a collection by Lehmann from the Central

Cordillera of Colombia. Although relatively frequent in Costa Rica and western

Panama, it apparently is seldomly collected in Colombia. The type-locality has

been reduced to farm land. The species was redescribed in 1978 from a cultivated

plant that was reportedly collected by Dr. Moreno in Bolivia.

Vegetatively, M. schizopetala is similar to other small, caespitose plants of the

genus. An elongating, weak peduncle bears a flower successively in a distantly

two- or three-flowered raceme. The peduncle stands erect until the weight of the

lengthening raceme causes it to bend. The pale green sepals are lightly marked with

purple; the unguiculate petals bear an acute, callous angle on the seperti

and the smooth, lightly sulcate lip is rhomboid in outline with d

TPES Tacs Ue Se URS oa Fh comm USL Ca SRE ha pee Ree Ma

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

498

5 mm

Plate 247. Masdevallia schizopetala

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 499

Masdevallia schizostigma Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 72: 114, 1998.

Ety.: From the Greek schizostigma, “a split stigma,” referring to the divided stigma

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 0.5-1 em long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 4-6 cm long including the seit 1.5-

2 cm long petiole, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 0.8-1 cm wide, rary ie

the blackish petiole. Inflorescence a single € flov borne t by

with a bract near the base, from low 1; floral bract 4

mm long, carinate; sepals yellow, tricarinate along | the veins, the dorsal tote ovate, 25 mm ogi includ

— geet ned 2 scarlett

free portion triangular apex acute d int lender, antrorse tail,

ovate, 25 mm one ine the tails, each 3 mm wide, ieee connate 6 mm without forming a

shallow mentum, rose, the apices attenuated into slender, yellowish tails; petals white, glabrous, narrow-

ly elliptical, sharply acute, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, l-veined, mshi thickened — the labellar

margin; lip yellow, smooth, narrowly — sharply acute mm long, 1.5 mm wide, I-veined veined,

the disc ing ap the base truncate

panne

z: i a

L iy '

PERU: Amazonas: El Mirador, alt. 2000 m, July

1998, Patrick Cloes s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer

illustr. 18886

This little species, apparently endemic

in northeastern Peru, was collected by

Patrick and Martine Cloes of Hasselt,

Belgium. Superficially, the small, yellow,

slender-tailed flower appears similar to

Ecuadorian M. amaluzae or M. sanchezii

with the acute tips of the petals and lip

visible peeking out the sepaline tube. The

petals and lip are similar to each other:

narrowly elliptical and sharply acute. The

single-veined lip is smooth and feature-

less. The truncate base is inflexibly

connate to the base of the column. The

anther is operculate and nondeciduous.

The stigma is shallowly cleft between two

short, pedicellate, stigmatic lobes, a fea-

ture heretofore unknown in the genus.

1 an aoe

500 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

rte) Binet a We

Plate 248. Masdevallia schizostigma

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 501

Masdevallia scopaea Luer & ——— debacangr wi 199, 1984.

Ety.: From the Greek skopaios, ‘‘dwarf,”

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 15-23 mm long including the 1-2 mm long pe-

tiole, the blade elliptical, 3.5-5 mm wide, with the € apex subacute, the base cuneate into petiole.

up to 20 mm long, from low een ramicaul; acai ract tubular, 3 mm long; pedicel 2 mm long: ovary

‘ ong, with undulatin ai s; sepals yellow, striped with purple-brown along the veins, glabrous,

the dorsal rite nage spale oo ‘Bm mm a 3 25 mm w wide, the a apex narrowly | obtuse, connate to to the

eral sepal r 1,

lat

middle, oi oblige, porch eo mm long, 4 mm wide, connate 4 mm, forming a small mentum

below the column-foot; petals yellow with purple midvein, eine oh acute, unguiculate, 4.5 mm long, 1.5

mm wide, the labellar margin with a low, longitudinal callus rounded, retrorse process

above the base; lip yellow, suffused | with sae elie, 35 mm n long, 2 riots the _

Seas with a low callus, th o

arrowly subcordate, deflexed, hinged beneath; column yellow with ‘at margins, semiterete, 25 mm -_

oo the foot 2 mm long with an Hes serch oc

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, — in cloud

forest west of Coroico, alt. 1800 m, 22 1984, C.

Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 9425 paca SEL ).

This minute, caespitose species is

known by only one plant discovered by

Roberto VAsquez in the Nor Yungas of

Bolivia. This immediate area has been

searched repeatedly without another plant

being found. As of this date, the original

plant continues to thrive in cultivation at

Colomborquideas in Colombia.

Masdevallia scopaea is characterized

by an abbreviated raceme borne by a short

peduncle, but still longer than the tiny

leaves; a lightly crested ovary; a propor-

tionately large flower with purple-striped,

acute, tailless sepals; petals with a short,

obtuse process above an unguiculate base;

and an elliptical, obtuse lip sulcate central-

ly between a pair of low longitudinal calli.

Sie ae oo. so OATS be eS ee eee ee ee Pe

seer ey # Y Si a a =

Plate 249. Masdevallia scopea

502

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 503

Masdevallia setipes Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 38, 1929.

Ety.: From the Latin setipes, “a bristle-like foot,” referring to the long, slender peduncle.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 7-8 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 25-35 mm long including a petiole ca. 10

mm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 4-5 mm wide, narrowly cuneate b into the petiole.

Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a slender, more or less horizontal peduncle 45-5 cm long, with a

¢. 1

thin bract near the middle and another near the base, from near the

lar, 3 mm long; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary minutely crested, 2 mm long; sepals translucent, diffusely

mottled with purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal with 3 purple stripes, ovate, 8 mm long including the

ick tai ng, 3 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm to form an inflated the free

portion triangular, acute, contracted into the tail, the lateral sepals ovate, subacute, oblique, 8 mm long

including the thick tail 2 mm long, connate 3 mm into a ventricose lamina; petals white, ovate, oblique,

acute, unguiculate, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, the labellar margin dilated, slightly thickened; lip elliptical-

oblong, 4 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the apex obtuse to rounded, lightly verrucose, the disc with i

pair of longitudinal calli in the middle third, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column

terete, 3 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Larecaja: epiphytic, Hacienda

Simaco, above the way to Tipuani, alt. 1400 m,

S); abo i , alt. ca.

1991, cultivated in San Francisco, CA, Apr. 1992, by

W. Teague 135 (MO); Nor Yungas, epiphytic in

forest west of Coroico, alt. 2000 m, collected 27 Aug.

1991, cultivated by A. Hirtz in Quito, Ecuador, 29

Jan. 1992, C. Luer 16196 (MO).

This little species was first collected by

Otto Buchtien in the remote Bolivian

valley between Sorata and Tipuani in

1920, and it had not been seen again until

1991. Collected out-of-flower in nearby

forested valleys, it flowered in cultivation

by Walter Teague the following year. It is

distinguished by the very small, purplish

flower borne successively by an elongated,

slender peduncle. The sepals form a tube

prominently inflated on its bottom half.

The apices are contracted into short, thick

tails. The petals are acute with the labellar

margin dilated and callous above the

unguiculate base. The lip is elliptical and

obtuse with a low pair of central calli.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

a setipes

Plate 250. Masdev.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 505

Masdevallia trifurcata Luer, Laden 11: 190, 1996. _

Ety.: From the Latin trifurcatus, “three-fork refe

+ oh, anale

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 5-8 mm long,

enclosed by 2 tubular ths. Leaf erect, thickly co oriaceous, 3-4.5 cm long including the 1- “15 cm cm long

petiole, the nef io acute, 5-8 mm wide,

Inflorescen t

horizontal to ascending peduncle

up 06cm long, om Low 1; fl + tubular, 3 mm long; pedicel 4 mm long; ovary 2

long, with undulating ribs; ak yellow, pecs the dorsal sepal ovate, 17 mm long, 6 mm wide,

Scere to the lateral sepals for 7 mm to form a cylindrical, — tube, the free portion narrowly

triangular, acute, thickened, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 19 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate 10 mm,

the free portions triangular, acute; petals yellow, oblong, iii unguiculate, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm

wide, the labellar margin longitudinally thickened, flattened along the margin, with @ above

the claw; lip yellow, oblong, 6.5 mm long, 2 mm wide,

disc minutely verrucose, laterally compressed above the base, hi

long, the foot 2 mm long with an int extension 1 mm long.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del

Condor, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected ca. Feb. 1994,

obtained by D. D’ Alessandro from J. Portilla, culti-

vated at Beaver, PA, C. Luer 17170 (Holotype: MO).

is small species is probably endemic

in the Cordillera del Condor of southeast-

ern Ecuador. It is distinguished by a

successively flowered raceme borne by a

slender, ascending peduncle, and a propor-

tionately large, yellow flower with triangu-

lar, tailless sepals. The oblong, unguicu-

late petals are flattened along the thick-

ened, labellar margin. The oblong lip is

minutely verrucose with a laterally com-

pressed base.

506 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 251. Masdevallia trifurcata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 507

Masdevallia vieirana Luer & Escobar, , Lindleyana oh ah 1a.

Ety.: Named in honor of Sr. Luis Carlos \

the knowledge of the orchids “ Colombia.

PI li in size, epiph der. Rami ct, slender, 0.5-1.5 cm

the

rs enclosed by 2-3 thin, ibaa prratins Leaf erect, presi oe rhe inchaag rigwsed 1-

m long, the blade elliptical-oblong, subacute, 1.4-1.9 cm the petiole.

haeecen solitary flower, followed by a second flower, “a by a slender, pele

peduncle 4-6 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular 7 mm

~ pedicel 10 mm long; ere 6 mm long; sepals dull white, glabrous, the dorsal py re

, 10 mm long, 4 mm wide,

a apex acute, gradually — into a more or less reflexed, filiform tail ca. Som long, the agreptoe

— with a purple spot at the base within, the spot light brown externally, vsapity ovate, oblique,

te 23 form an elliptical lamina 12 mm wide expanded, the narrow free portions, sy acute,

contracted into filiform tails ca. 2 cm long, th f th

re or less oblong, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex acute, the labellar hal half with a red, flat, longitu

dinal callus with a roun

a broad, cag the base; lip white, oblong, acute, eral asl 1.5 mm wide, the dise

with a pair of erect, nou byw near the middle, the base truncate, hinged beneath; column

terete, 4 mm lon foo’ ion

a5. os

COLOMBIA: scans Rio Nechi, alt. 500 m,

collected by Manuel Zapata, Dec. 1987, cultivated at

Colomborqutdess, 6 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13055

(Holotype: MO).

This species is apparently endemic in a

low altitude forest of northern Colombia.

It is s related to M. naranjapatae and M.

zahlbruckneri, both also found at low

altitudes. Masdevallia vieirana is charac-

terized by narrowly oblanceolate leaves

that are similar to those of many other

species of the section. The flowers are

borne successively on a horizontal to

descending peduncle. The sepals are

white and delicate white with long,

slender, fragile tails held forward in appo-

sition. The retrorse, basal callus of the lip

is reminiscent of that seen in M. zahl-

bruckneri. Most unusual in the section, a

short portion of the calli near the middle of

the lip is erect and acute.

508 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 252. Masdevallia vieirana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 509

ec zahibruckneri Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 413, 1921.

.: Named in honor of Councilman Dr. AL. Zahlbruckner of Vienna, Austria, who supplied Fritz

gy ders with many of Reichenbach’s herbarium specimens.

Syn.: Masdevallia humilis Luer, Phytologia 46: 350, 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin humilis, “humble, or low,” referring to qualities of the plant.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, 4-10 cm long including an indistinct

petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade ine a tle: obtuse, 1. 2-2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below is into

the sub-petiolate base. Inflorescence a loose, successively few J

to horizontal peduncle 3-7 cm long, “with a ics below the middle, from low on a ramicaul; floral bract-

cle

tubular, 4-6 mm long; pedicel 5-12 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm long; sepals externally, the dorsal

eal yellow, often flecked with red or 9k mirseopicl celular, , obovate, 6-10 mm long, 4.5-6

m wide, conmate to the lateral sepals for 3-5 € - iy 7

triangular, t ct ionally thickened dist yellow tail

Pe ee Sa arnie

at :

8- 22 mm long; the lateral sepals pedeniye” aitusely 3 spotted

raised, sometimes with tufts of red hairs, cellular-pubesce

mm into an ovate, bifid lamina 10-18 mm long. 8 8.5-14 mm wide, the acute apices ss contracted into

slender, yellow tails 3-15 mm long; petals white , dark red-purple le on the labellar half, elliptical-oblong,

5-6 mm long, 1.75-3.3 mm wide, t i or retuse, the labellar half callous, ending in

an obtuse sae, or 1 or 2 retrorse teeth above the unguiculate base base; lip rose or white , diffusely sey

a purple, the dots sometimes raised, bo 5-7 mm long, 15- 3mm wide, very S

tos

aha subtruncate, disc ligh

ed near the middle, the apex s low-white to green, ~

‘scared :

ithin, connate 7-12

a ie longitudinal pair of calli, ‘the base proc hinged below; column yel

margin usually purple, semiterete, 4-5.5 mm long, the foot stout with a short, incurv

463 (Holotype: wg

din 1870 by A. Endres

piel Se without pater agereg ie and ea nonlghg R. Liesner 5104 (MO); Leenaege _

: near Rincén de la

A 8 sate Grande. alt. 700 m, 7 July 1978, C. Todsia 351 (CR) na

m, 27 June 1981, milled: Luer 6525 (SEL). ted by R.L. Dressler, enbhivate

Dracula,

ed at SEL, 17 Mar.

PANAMA: Bocas d 0: Chorro de Tife, collec Punin, Nov. 1998,

1983, C. Luer 8696 otis Pend ie Olmos, c

C. Luer 18956 (MO). a, 1700 , 20 Sept 1974

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Dabeiba, Alto del Aguila, N

cultivated by G. dinte, 30 Sept. 1977, C. Luer 1875 ag ei rig oo A. Cogollo . J.G. Ramirez 271

Sector Venados, peat: a Rio Venados, alt. 7 785-880 m, 9 4 de Sarria in Popayén, 25 July

(JAUM). Nariiio: 9 Tumaco, cultivated by Sra. ra. Amalia Lehmann de

ulti os at Finca Dracu

fe Agudelo 5.n. -_

510 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ee —

Plate 253. Masdevallia zahlbruckneri

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 511

1978, C. Luer 2971 (SEL). Valle de Cauca: Rio Dagua, alt. 1500 m, cultivated by Sra. Amalia Leh-

mann de Sarria in Popay4n, 21 Oct. 1982, C. Luer 8177 (SEL).

ECUADOR: Cobopent: — in cloud forest west of El Corazon, alt. 1200 m, 18 Feb. 1979, C Late

J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4031 acre L). Manabi:

alt. 200 m, C.H. Dodson & G. Frymire 176 (AMES); same locality, C.H. Dodson 382 (MO, SEL); near

Manta, alt. 400 m, cfteten by R. Estrada, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 6 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13046

(MO).

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: os epiphytic in forest near Villa Tunari, alt. ca. 400 m, Dec. 1978,

cultivated at SEL 15 Jan. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer et al. 4844 (SEL). La Paz: N

co, collected Aug. 1991, flowered j in San Francisco, CA, by W. Teague 259 (MO).

This species is widely but locally distributed in low-altitude forests from Central

America to coastal Ecuador and central Bolivia. It was first collected by Endres in

Costa Rica in 1870 and dutifully forwarded with a superb, detailed illustration to

Professor Reichenbach, who, possibly for no other reason than that he simply forgot

about it, did nothing with it. It lay unnamed in his herbarium until Kranzlin named

it in 1921 for one of his friends. :

Masdevallia zahlbruckneri is characterized by the caespitose habit and a more OF

less horizontal to descending, successively flowered peduncle. The flowers ary

variable in size, in the lengths of the tails (the tail of the dorsal sepal sage

being clavate in Central America), and in the shape of the nh le calli of the

petals. Some populations can be recognized as distinct from

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

512

Plate 254. Masdevallia zahlbruckneri

513

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Plate 255. Masdevallia zahlbruckner!

514 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 256. Masdevallia zahlbruckneri

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

515

CUMULATIVE INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

for PART ONE and PART TWO

Dracula 2

Dracula chimaera 287

mopsus 477

Dryadella 2

Humboldtia plantaginea 483

thes 1

Lothiania jae a

Luerella gai 6

Masdevallia * 2, 6. 1, oe vt 401, 431, 483

ang E3,4

subgen. oe 4 2 1, _ 0

subgen. Fissia 1, 3, 7,9, 10

subgen. oe 3, 7, 10, 12, 147, 235, 265,

266, qe

subgen. wats 3, 7, 8, 10

subgen. sean 1, 7, 9.. 19

subgen. Polyantha 1,7, 10, 11, 127, 235, 245, 369

n. Pygmaeia foe 10, 431, 433, 473

sect. Alaticaules 3, 3 iv * 10, 11, 12, 13, 105a,

a 207a, oo 245, 249

t. Amaluzae 7,9, 10, 237, 431, nea 491

sect. pore 7, 8, 10, 431, 432, 434,

sect. Coriaceae 3, : 7, 8, 10, 73, 235, sy 266, 267,

315, 363, 399, 40

sect. Dentatae 1, “4 9, 10, 265, 266, 369, 401

sect. Durae 1,4,7,9,1 10, 265, 266, 369, 379, 395,

sect. Eumasdevallia 265

sect. Leontoglossae 267

sect. Masdevallia 6, 7, 8, 10, 265, 266,

sect. Minutae 7, 8, 9, 10, 265, 266, 401

sect. Polyanthae 7,9, 10, 11, 12, 73, 223, 224, 227a,

237, 249, 369

sect. Pygmaeae 7, 8, 10, 431, 432, 434

t. Racemosae 3, 7, 8, 10, 265, 266

ne Reichenbachianae 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 265, 266, 401,

409, 417,

sect. Triotosiphon 7, 8, 10, 265, 266

sect. Zahlbruckneri 432, 434, 435,

subsect. Alaticaules 7, 12, 13, 17, 127, 223

subsect. Amaluzae 7, 10

subsect. Polyanthae 7, 12, 223, 224

subsect. Pterygiopho orae 1,7, 10,432

i 401

subsect. Saltatrices 1, 7, 409, 419, 449

subsect. S TAZ

subsect. Zahlbrucknerae 1, 7, 10, 431

Masdevallia acrochordonia 14,

adrianae 14, 18, 23, Plate 1.

4, 195

aenigma 14, 20, 25, Plates 2, 3., 85

iali Page , 345

aequiloba 2

ea - eo Plate 4., 105a

psa a 7, ee 433, 435, 437, Plate 216., 447,

469, 479, 491,

amanda 7

amplexa 14, 20, 29, Plate 5.

449

hacta 431, 433, 436, 439, Plates 217, 218,

467

anfracta 14, 20, 31,

angulata 107, 267, 269, os 27s Pas 135, 283,

345,

“antennifera” 459

aphanes 7, 431, 433, 435, 433, Plate 219., 493

aristata 14, 101

asperrima 14, 123

ass 2

267, 271, 275, Plates 134, 135,

14, 25, 35 i

aurorae 433, 434, 447, Plate

mange” 379, 380, 381, Plate 191., 391, 395

gii 3,7

nae 267, 271, Aliya 283

bennettii 14,

berthae (3336, 48, Pe 22 :

bicolor 14, 15, 16, 20, 22, 25, 31, 35, Plates

10, 11., 37, 41, 59, 61, 79, cae ‘115, 181, 183,

243, 245, 24

3,7

, Plates 137, 138.

281, 295, 301, 355

borucana 224,

267, 270, 277, a

brachyantha ep

brenneri he ‘18, 19.83, Plate 13.

i 267,299

14, 16, 22, 45, Plate

ee 1 18,72. 2

: iy 169, 219

buccinator = Pate

144, 145., 291, 397

143, MA See 257, 289

516

a 433, 483

candida 14, 193

cardiantha 14, 19, 51, Plate 17., 109

carmenensis 433, 434, 451, Plate 223.,481

carruthersiana 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 51, 53, Plates 18,

Mat ti ei 199

calli A 181

chasei 402, 405,

esata oS. 434, pers Plate 224.

chiquendensis

chloracra 224, 255, 257

chry: ta 4

cinnamomea 14, 22, 57, Plate 21., 125, 159

citrinella 317

civilis 267, te 295, Plate 146., 295, 325, 351

civilis ‘Don’ 313

cocapatae 14, 20, 59, Plate 22.

coccinea 7

colibri 14, 195

collantesii 433, 435, 455, Plate 225.,

collina 7, 369, 370, 371, Plate 187., Pon

var.macrogenia 369, 375

colossus 267, 270, 271, 277, 283, 297, Plates 147,

148., 307,

concinna 14, 22, 61, Plates 23, 24.

coriacea 7, 267, 268, 270, 281, 295, 299, Plates 149,

.. 301

ious 17, 18, 27, 63, Plates 25, 26, 27, 28.,

“Bh 143, 191, 213

. hepatica 14, 63

Pach 224, 225, 229, Plate 115., 331, 425

curtipes 224, 225, 231, Plates 116, 117., 233

deceptrix 14, 19, 69, Plates 29, 30., 187

missa 401 Plate 203.

page 224, 25

discoidea Cover, 224, 225, 233, Plate 118.

9, 73, Plate 32.

dorisiae 14, 19, 75, Plate 3 33.

draconis 14, 18, 77, Plate 34., 115a

—— 369, 370, 373, Plate 188., 3

36.

4, 267, 271, 303, Plate 151., 311, 313,

var. pachys 303, 333, 343

ellipes 267, 347, 349

empusa - 15, 18, te ia ig ge

1, 409,

epallax 401, 409

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

— ephippium 14, 195, 197

rocho:

erinacea ae, 433, 436, 457, Plates 226, 227., 459,

465

eumeces 224, 225, vos sin 119.

excelsior 14, = 85, P

exigua 433, 4

expers 433, pal 455, 461, Plate 228.

fertilis 267,28

foeda 224, 227,

foetens 268, 270, oe. 305, Plate 152.

forgetiana 14, 101, 103

fosterae 14, 21, 87, Plate 39.

fractiflexa 268, e 283, 297, 307,

Plates 153, 1

fragrans 268, ai :e Plate 155., 325

fulvescens 401, 402, 411, Plates 205, 206.

funebris 401, 421

garciae 12, 15, 20, 89, Plate 40., 224, 225

gargantua 268, 271, 311, Plates 156, 157.,

gerlachii 268, ris

glossacles 433,4

goliath 379, 380, oat Plate 193., 387, 389,

nore

guerrieroi 15, 18, 49, 91, Plate 41.

guttulata 1s 17, 20, 93, Plates 42, 43.,

131

haematosticta 268, =i 347, 349

tka 15, 17, 97, Plat

henniae 433, 436, 463, "Plate 229., 473

“he

heterotepala 268, 289

hians 319

hoeijeri Frontispiece of Part Two, 433, 436,

465, 230., 485

hoppii 268, 341

horrida 433, 457

humilis 433, 5

hylodes 268, 270, 315, Plate 158.

hystrix 268, 270, 317, Plate 159.

“hystrix”’

impostor 15, 19, 73, 99, Plate 45., 187

indecora ‘ee 436, 467, Plate 231.

infracta 3, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 81, 101,

eps a. 133, 139, 163, 189, 224, 225, 231,

233, 2

var. cots 15, 101

as 224, 225, 237, Plate 120.

= 3

15, 8

NT BS; 17, 71,107, yowies 221

esteriana 401, 402, 413.

487

lata 7, gt i 224, 225, 239, Plate 121., 241

lawrencei

lenae 15, pm Plates 51, 52.

leontoglossa 267, 268, “en "319, Plate 160., 325

ie aN ag se ie

Pm 2 ous fz Jui eae te Tease oh ide.

LESSEN TM: PO SS ey PNT De de ee te Mee CR I eee

orale

7a een

PRR Oa Piet

et Ra ee es aaah: cok

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Masdevallia ligiae 409

lilianae 268, 270, 321, Plate 161.

lintricula 15, 17, a ees Plates 53, 54.

longicaudata 15,

esac 369, mh 373, 375, Plate 189., 377

ossa 268, 269, 270, 323, Plates 162, 163.,

ss lossa”’

macrura 268, 271, 327, Plate 164.

maculata 15, 19, 69, 99, 113, Plate 55., 187, 189

var. flava 15 co

ar. popayanen s 99

224, 225, 241, Plate 122.

azae 433, 434, 469, pes 232., 475

margaretae

marginella 401 1, 402, 409, 415, Plate 208., 421

ataxa

mayaycu 109, 224, 225, 243, Plate 123.

med 15, 22, 121, Plate 59., 261

megaloglossa 15, 201

mejiana 401, 402, 417, Plate 209.

melanoxantha 7, 13, 14, 15, 18, 77, 123, Plate 60.,

melea

si Nin eg

menatoi 224, a 227, 245, Plates 124, 125., 247,

249

mentosa 433, 436, 473, Plates 234, 735.

merinoi — — 475, Plate 236.

metallica

mezae 15, 22 125, Plate 61.

minuta 7

misasii 268, 269, 331, Plates 166, 167.

monogona_ 15, 20, 127, Plate 62.

ooreana 267, 268, 269, 333, Plates 168, 169., 335,

morenoi 433, ie

moyobambae 15,

murex 268, 269, ay. Plate 170.

muriculata 433, 4

naranj 433, - 477, Plate 237., 507

oo. a hip 17, 129, Plate 63.

380, 387, Plate 194.

nidifica 7

norae 15, 18, 93, 131, Plate 64.

normanii be

nutans 433,

obscurans ‘is, a 133, Plate 65.

penne 224, 229, 425

odontopetala 15, a 135, Plate 66.

7, Plate 67.

ortgies 89

oscarii "268, 270, 339, Plate 171.

oscitans 15, 22, 139, Plate 68.

pachyantha 268, 271, 1, 341, Plate 172.

var, sow 268, 341

517

Masdevallia pachysepala 268, 271, 343, Plate 173.

paiva

pandurilabia

emer 7 380, 387, 389, Plate 195.

paquishae 433, 435, 447, 469, 479, Plate 238.

pardina 267, 268, 271, 345, Plate 174.

pastinata 15, 20, 141, Plate 69.

pate: ¥ i 43, Plate 70.

patula 433, 434, 451, 471, 481, Plate 239.

pelecaniceps

peristeria 267, 268, 271, 325, 347, Plates 175, 176. 349

347

subsp. haematosticta

peruviana 15, 35, 183

phoenix 15, 18, 145, Plate 71.

a? 268, 271, 295, 351, Plate 177.

a 17, 147, Plate 72.

portillae 15,1 49, Plate 73.

posadae 15, ie 2 sg Plates 74, 75.

princeps 379, 380, 391, Plate 196., 393

prolixa age oe

prosartema |

155, Pl ate 76.

peor Pe re 433, "436. 485, Plate 241., 489

Basses ie "231, 433, 436, 465, fe oa 242.

pyxis 224, 225, 251, Plate

racemosa 2,7, 315

ii 15, 125

aeesceeenies 7, 401, 402, 415, 421, Plates 211, 212., 423

var. a

regina 379, 380. ‘sh, bet

16, 18, ;

psn 2, 16, 21, 163, Plate 80., 224, 225

richteri 16, 20

rigens 268, me 295, 355, Plates 179, 180.

robusta 379, 380, 395, Plate

rolfeana 229, 402, 409, 415, 421,

ot 268, 295, 351

paca ims 434, 469, 491,

sanctae-fidei 14, 16, 21, 79, a

82., 239

-rosae 268, 269, 357, Plate 181.

garcia . 17, 19, 97, 167, Plate 83.

secophy”

scalpellifera

425, Plate 213.

499

ee ni Plates 81,

168, 289

= 436, 493, Plate 245.

scandens 2

scapha 29

ees. 13, 16, 22, 69, 121, 169, Plates 84, 85.,

sceptrum

171, 219, 253

schizopetala

433, 435, 495, Plates 246, 247., 497

518 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Masdevallia schizostigma 433,

schlimii 7, 11, 171, 223, 224, 253, Plate

ae , 253

war. sceptum 1

schroederiana ie 411, 427, Plate 214.

var. fulvescens 1

schudelii 16, 19, 173, Plate 86.

scitula 16, 21, 175, Plate 87.

scobina 16, 18, 77, 177, Plate 88.

er 433, 435, 501, Plate 249.

270, 359, Plate 182.

scaghael

serendipita 16,21, 179, Plate 89.

sernae 14, 16, 21, 22, “oN Plates 90, 91.

setipes = a 503, Plate 250.

183.

sprucei 12, 16, eA Mk ‘163, "183, Plate 92., 224, 225

stenorhynchos 16, 20, 185, Plate 93.

stercorea 268, 355

stirpis 1 sinpis 16. 19, 187, Plate 94.

striatella 12, 89, 224, 225, 255, Plates 129, 130.,

257, 291, 413

sumapazensis 268, 269, 363, Plate 184.

superflua 224, 255

synthesis 16, 21, 189, Plate 95.

theletira 16, 17, 191, —.

thienii 224, 225, 241, 259, Pl

titan 379, 380, 385, 387, Sa ae lee a

torta — 269, 365, Plate 185.

torulosa

cate

tovarensis 14, * 22, 189, 193, Plate 97.

trechsliniana 16, 45

triangularis 31

tridentata 16, 101

trifurcata 433, oO 505, Plate 251.

triquetra 16, si

trivenia 433,

trochilus 14, bs 141, 151, 155, 195,

98, 99.,

tsubotae sige lon Plate 100.

434, 499, Plate 248. Masdevalliatubulosa 319

128.

uniflora H.B.K. 268,279

niece a 7, 175, 265, 281

urceolaris 319

scaiental 16

utriculata 379, 380, 399, Plate

vargasii 15, 16, 18, 19,71, ie te 167, 199,

201, Plates 101, 102, 103, 104.,

anes 268, 271, 272, 311, a 331, 367,

186.

venus = oom Plate 261.

verecunda 415

vieirana 433, 435, 507, Plate 252.

virens 16, 17, 207, bine 105.

irgo-cuencae 20, et Plate 106.

vomeris 16, 21, hey Plate

vulcanica 433, 4

ageneriana 7

walteri 402, 429, Plate 215.

goin - 16, 17, 131, 191, 213,

Plate , 110.

pine ah 261, Plate 132.

— 16, 18, 217, Plate 111.

anthura 16, 35, 37

wae 16, 20, 219, Plate 1

7, 119, 432, 2 ers 477, 507,

509, Plates 253, 254, 255, 2

zapatae 369, 370, 377, Plate

zumbae 16, 18, 20, 199, 221, vec

Ophidion 129

Peristeriaelata 347

Platystele rauhii 359

Pleurothallis 1,6, 129, 357, 431, 483

Rodrigoa bilabiata 353

Scaphosepalum 2

um erinaceum 457

Scaphose —

Specklinia

Seep Pina 431, 483

Stelis

hcain 2, 487

ion 129

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 227a

Masdevallia brachyantha Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. po i Veg. 27: 37, 1929.

Ety.: From the Greek brachyanthos, “short-flowered,” referring to short peduncle.

t small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 0.5-1 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 7-9 cm long

including an indistinct petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 0.9-1.2 ¢ cm wide, gradually narro narrowed below into the subpe-

tiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary flower, foll | , erect

peduncle, 2-3 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular,

imbricating, 10 mm long; pedicels 12 mm long; ovary 3mm g; Sepals dull on we suffused with

red-brown, green at the muri tailless, fleshy with the

es & within, the d sal sepal ov Re 21 mm

Gngtie poh forwardly directed, the lateral spa oblong:

ovate, oblique, 21 mm sae 5 mm oe connate 7 mr

foot, the free portions triangular, acute; petals yellow- white, ‘subovate, thick, 51 mm long, 2. St mm » wide a at

the broad base, the apex sic obscurely ines ieee the labellar half thickened;lip brownish,

oblong-subpandurate, 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, shallowly constricted above the middle, overlain by

winglike, marginal folds, be apex broadly meee with a low, midline callus, the disc broadly and

shallowly sulcate between the longitudinal folds, the base truncate, concav:

peti aaa yellow- bel semiterete, 4.5 mm long,

extens

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Larecaja, Hacienda Casana, pees ert re a

along the way to Tipuani, alt. 1400 m, Jan. 1923, O.

Buchtien 7218 (Holotype lost at B); epiphytic in

forest remnant in a valley along Rio Tipuani, west of

a | , 1, Imm

erect margins,

the foot 2 mm long with a short, incurved

(Neotype here designated: MO), C. Luer illustr.

28.

This species of subgenus Polyantha

section Polyanthae is apparently endemic

along the remote Tipuani river northeast of

La Paz where it was first collected by Otto

Buchtien in 1923. Never having been in

cultivation, it was known only from the

description of the original collection until

plants were collected in 1991. Identifica-

tion was made the following year when

they flowered in cultivation.

Masdevallia brachyantha is distin-

guished by the short peduncle, round in

cross section, and much shorter than the

narrow leaf. Two to three reddish brown,

tailless flowers are produced in succes- i okt tat

sion. The sepals are minutely verrucose within; the pe

finlike, margin-

without a protruding callus; and the broadly oblong se a pair of fink

al folds that overlie a slight constriction above the mi

228a ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

| Ot terete see cseatntens page etree

* WTRE Gene Borers naan

* - a

A SSRs

Plate 257. Masdevallia brachyantha

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 105a

Masdevallia ingridiana Luer & Portilla, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Ingrid de Portilla, wife of José Portilla, of — —

<3. . aok. hl. Cy ee ic labello obi

= species aanpeetis ecatniaytice Luer, f

go sup supra medium plicato dingo

Is slender, erect, 2-2.5 cm

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. “Se erect, coriaceous, o gaa 11- 14 cm long including the 2-3 cm long pe-

tiole, the blade narrowly obovate, obtuse, 2-2.5 cm sg the base the petiole. Inflorescence

a single flower borne successively in a congested, fe' raceme, peduncle erect, slender, trique-

trous, 15-17 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, imbricating, 10-12 mm long;

pedicels 13-15 mm long; ovary 5 mm ly sub-

verrucose within, the dorsal sepal ~~ the blade 16-171 mm n long, 10mm wide, connate to the jateral

Se uitorie ace sepaline e tube, the apex X acute, acuminate into an erect, slender,

orange tail 3 cm lo ng, ft dopo prea 40 mm long, 21 mm

wide, — h f th i foot, the api

6-7 mm — petals white, gid ovate, 9 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, with a low carina along labellar

margin ending in sanded callus Som ee subapiculate; lip orange, oblong,

obtuse, oneal folds near the middle, 9 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the epichile ovate, longitudinally

callous, with the apex round, recurved, abruptly apiculate, the hypochile oblong, shallowly c! ong pa:

base pie a — beneath: column white, semiterete, 7 mm long, the foot 4 mm long,

ecaeney extensi

CUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del

Condor, Chinapintza, alt. 1000 m, Oct. 2000, culti-

vated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, by J. Portilla 1130

(Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19425.

Masdevallia ingridiana is apparently

endemic in southeastern Ecuador in the

Cordillera del Condor. Among the species

of section Alaticaules, it is most similar to

Colombian M. aguirrei, but it differs in

the larger, orange flower. Vegetatively,

the two are indistinguishable, the trique-

trous peduncle of M. ger being

shorter, but still longer than the le

The raceme is congested and succes-

sively few-flowered. Beyond the sepaline

tube, the synsepal is expanded, ending in a

pair of close, short tails. Common to the

other species in the section, the petals are

oblong with a marginal callus without a

protruding process. The oblong lip is also

similar with marginal folds between the

epichile and the hypochile. The apex is

rounded, recurved and abruptly apiculate.

106a ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 258. Masdevallia ingridiana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 115a

Masdevallia mallii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Malli Rau of Wilmington, Delaware, who cultivates this paca!

pte ences subgeneris Polyanthae Luce, planta grandis

iy 7

173. 4 a oe. ey

subpetio

connato, Se lunaribus liberis, a oblongis, labello valde recurvato corinne

Plant medium phytic, caespitose; fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 0.7-1.5 cm

long, rn fugacious, tubular eet at the base. Leaf erec thickly coriaceous, 8-14 cm long i

an indistinct petiole barely 1 cm long, the blade cliptcal, subacute to obtuse, 2-3 cm wide, —

pall into the base. Inflorescence a pay flower t

m long, by a stout peduncle 12 cm long, with a tubular sheath at the base, base, from the base of the sauke

floral bracts thin, imbricating, os _ long pale 20-22 mm long; ovary 5- 6 mm long; sepals white

with the lateral sepals suffused w xternally, cellular-

pubescent within, the dorsal ae aaa 28 mm long, 11 mm wide, 3-veined, pee to the lateral

sepals for 14 mm into an infundibular sepaline tube be, the dese x acute, contracted into

light yellow tail ca. 30 mm long, th olute sides 27 mm long, 11

wide expanded, 3-veined, free to the base, with the apices ces acute, contracted into slender, light yellow

tails 12 mm long; petals white, cartilaginous, oblong, retuse at the broadly obtuse apex, with both halves

callous, 6.75 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip white, suboblong, strongly arcuate, with marginal

folds below the middle, 3.5 mm long unexpanded, 5.5 mm long expanded (fractured), 2.5 mm wide, the

= acutely recurved, obtuse, apiculate, minutely verrucose with minutely verrucose,

i, the hypochile ovate, convex centrally, the base rounded, thickened beneath, hinged to the seca

oes snareres semiterete, white, 4 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with an incurved extension, the

and stigma ventral

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: without data, col-

lected with M. draconis Luer & Andreetta by José

Portillo and cultivated in Wilmington, DE, flowered

15 Aug. 2000, by M. Rao 31 (Holotype: MO), C.

Luer illustr. 19395.

This species is apparently endemic in

southeastern Ecuador where it was collect-

ed out of flower with plants of M. draco-

nis. As an unidentified specimen it flow-

ered in the collection of Malli Rao in

Wilmington, DE.

Vegetatively, the species is remarkable

for the thickly rigid, obtuse, elliptical leaf

that contracts below into a stout, subpe-

tiolate base. The triquetrous peduncle

bears a congested, successively flowe

long-pedicellate raceme. The more or less

conical flowers are relatively large and

white with purple suffusion on the inner-

half of the lateral sepals. The tail of the

dorsal sepal points forward. Although

connate to the dorsal sepal for more the From each other to the base

half its length, the crescent- -shaped lateral sepals are 2 of the lip is acutely

beneath the column-foot. The petals are oblong. i ep!

reflexed above marginal folds.

116a ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

i ee

Sree ce erwen a

Plate 259. Masdevallia mallii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 155a

Masdevallia prolixa Luer, grees ~~ Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: %: 125, 2000.

Ety.: From = Latin prolixus, ‘drawn g ncle, pedicel

and sepaline tails.

Plant large, epiphytic, ining roots thick, fleshy. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-4 cm long, with a

1-2 tubular sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, aaa 16 cm long including a slender petiole 4-5 cm

long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 2 cm wide, peti: cuneate below into the petiole. In-

peduncle up to 26 cm long, with a tubular she ith at the base, from the b f th I; floral bracts

ge 2. SC m apart, 1.5 cm long; pedicel 4-4.5 cm long; ovary green, 6 mm long; sf. sgmiras external-

ent within, the dorsal sepal yellow, ovate, acute, long-attenuate, 7 cm

Se including the ioe vantly ‘directed tail, 7 mm wide, 3- veined, connate fo the lateral rok for 4mm

into a short, cylindrical, sepaline cup f dly oblong = cere

synsepal, 30 ong, 18 mm wide, 6-ve ined, with the api te d into slend , yellow tails

4 cm long; petals yellowish \ white, cartilaginous ] bl t the apex

labellar margin thick ae al broad, rounded base, 6 mm long, 1.5

mm wide, 2.5 mm wide a e base, 1-veined; Skee th oagiar kak tle, te on aT

6.5 mm long, the cpichile longi channeled, 1.25 mm wide, with the sides revolute and verru-

cose, the apex long-apiculate, the hypochile oblong, 2 mm wide, the base truncate, flat on the end, thick-

— beneath, hinged to the column- foot; column s¢: miterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a

PERU: sage set without specific locality, alt. 2500

m, obtain m M. Arias by J. Portilla, cultivated at

eta Ecuador, Jan. 2000, C. Luer 19363

(Holotype: M

This sae apparently endemic in

central Peru, is distinguished by the long,

slender, triquetrous peduncle, and a long-

pedicellate, remotely few-flowered raceme.

The dorsal sepal is yellow with a long-

attenuated tail. Beyond the short sepaline

tube, the lateral sepals are connate into a

broad, bifid lamina with narrow tails. The

petals are acute with a broad, basal callus.

The hypochile of the lip is oblong, about

as long as the epichile but wider, and the

epichile is channeled and narrow with

revolute, verrucose sides. The apex is

acuminate-apiculate.

teeny ee,

156a

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

—

a eet NLM FOOTER

Plate 260. Masdevallia prolixa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 207a

Masdevallia venus Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 125

2000.

Ety.: Named for Venus, goddess of love and beauty.

mts t medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2- 2.5 cm $8

with a loose, tubular sheath at the base. erect, coriaceous, 10 cm long including an

tiole 2- . cm long, — sre sec Ha subacute, 2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into va

solitary flow

7 Pi r ©

h fn hi Bi fob. 1 4. he 2°

to 26 cm long, mers , imbri-

cating, 15-20 mm ong ait 20-25 mm ar ovary green, 7 mm long; sepals yellow but suffused

with red-brown mostly above the middle, glabrous externally, with a small dark spot at the base, micro-

es stipes within, the dorsal sepal ovate, 45 mm long oe the tail, 16 mm wide, 3-

veined, the apex long- ~acuminate in a forward! y directed, yellow tail, co’ to the lateral sepals for 9

mm into a shallow, g, connate 17 mm into a ssrehgiowed

expanded, ovate synsepal, 30 mm wide, '6-veined, with the apices obtuse, contracted into slender, yellow

tails 16 mm long; petals yellowish white, cartilaginous, more or less oberg. minutely tridentate at the

truncate apex, with both halves callous, t gitudinal callous terminating

in a low, rounded callus at the base, 6. 5 mm mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip dark hie subpandurate,

with thick marginal folds above the middle, 7.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the epichile minutely verrucose,

with the sides recurved and undulate, apex recurved, long-apiculate, the hypochile oblong, = longer

than the epichile, the base truncate, thickened beneath, hinged to the column- foot; coleman sc

mm long, the foot 5 mm long

ve ite Without locality, collected and cultivat-

ed in Quito by A. Hirtz 7110 (Holotype: MO), C.

Luer illustr. 19323.

This lovely species is cultivated in

Quito, Ecuador, by Alexander Hirtz.

Unfortunately, the collection data have

disappeared. Among the members of

section Alaticaules, this species is distin-

guished by the long, stout peduncle, and a

congested, long-pedicellate, successively

flowered raceme. The sepals are yellow

but generously suffused with red-brown.

They are connate into a shallow, gaping

cup with the synsepal broadly expanded.

The petals are oblong and tridentate. The

hypochile of the lip is oblong, twice longer

than the epichile with revolute margins

and long-apiculate apex.