SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA i

PREFACE

Part One contains the species attributed to subgenus Polyantha at that time.

Part Two contains about another 100 species in four sections of subgenus Masde-

vallia and the subgenus Pygmaeia. Part Three contains subsection Masdevallia

and section Minutae, together for about another 100 species.

The two species that have been added recently to subgenus Polyantha are

included at the end of Part Three. To keep the work current, these pages are

numbered to place them in alphabetical sequence within the section; that is, page

89a can be removed, if desired, and inserted between pages 88 and 89 of Part

One. This maneuver is accomplished simply in the loose leaf edition, but care

should be exercised in removing pages in the glue-bound edition. Further addi-

tions are inevitable, hence the present format with text on the odd-numbered page

and the illustration on the reverse, the even-numbered page. The pages and plates

of Part Three are numbered as continuations of Part Two, beginning with page

519 and Plate 262.

Replacement pages with changes in text or keys will eventually be included.

(The first for Masdevallia virgo-cuencae follows the index.) These pages will

retain the same number but with an exponent ( ') to indicate that it is the first

change to that page. The page it replaces should be discarded. A page with the

exponent ( 2’) will indicate that it is the second change to that page. Most changes

will not be printed until the final part.

Indefatigable proofreaders of Part Three have been Mrs. Amy McPherson and

Mr. and Mrs. H. Phillips Jesup.

Additional species for Part One:

Masdevallia acrochordonia Rchb.f., sect. Alaticaules, page 23a, to precede page

Masdevallia frilehmannii Luer & Vasquez, sect. Alaticaules, page 89a, to precede

page 89.

Masdevallia luziae-mariae Luer & Vasquez, sect. Alaticaules, page 113a, to pre-

cede page 113.

Replacement page for M. virgo-cuencae, Part One.

Appendix: Masdevallia idae Luer & Arias, sp. nov.

Abbreviations of the names of authors are in accordance with the recommenda-

tions in Authors of Plant Names, R.K. Brummit and C.E. Powell, Royal Botanic

Gardens, Kew, 1992.

Acronyms of the names of herbaria are in accordance with Index Herbariorum,

Part I: Herbaria of the World, Eighth Edition, PK. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren,

and Lisa C. Barnett, New York Botanical Garden, 1990.

Abbreviations of the names of publications follow the recommendations in

Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum (BPH), G.H.M. Lawrence, A.F.G. Buchheim,

G.S. Daniels, and H. Dolezal, Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, PA, 1968.

The illustrations are selected from a large accumulation of evolving styles made

over a 25-year period. The illustrations inked by Stig Dalstrém since 1992 bear his

initial-logo beneath my initials as the illustrator.

SYSTEMATICS

MASDEVALLIA

PART THREE

CONTENTS

Masdevallia laevis Lindl.

Masdevallia Sect. Masdevalli

519

Masdevallia Sect. Masdevallia subsect. Masdevalli

520-718

Key to the species

523-528

Masdevallia Sect. Minutae

519-774

Key to the species

721-723

Cumulative Index

775-780

Additional species follow the index.

Masdevallia laevis Lindl.

altitude 3200 meters abov

» Province of Imbabura, Ecuador. Mariano Acosta,

€ sea level, January 1979, photo by Carlyle A. Luer.

A he

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 519

MASDEVALLIA SECTION MASDEVALLIA

yg ore subgenus a section Masdevallia

pype asdevallia uniflora Ruiz

f José ante hysi h f Charles III of Spain

This section consists of a large canst of interrelated species characterized by

single-flowered peduncles. The often colorful sepals are not usually as thick and

fleshy, nor as rigid as those in section Coriaceae, or subgenus Polyanthae. The

depth of connation of the sepals varies from a shallow, widely expanded sepaline

cup to a long, cylindrical or inflated, sepaline tube. Simple key characters, such as

the degrees of connation of the sepals, are used to define some subsections. Be-

cause of a gradual transition, some species are difficult to assign to a subsection.

They should be sought in either of the two possibilities. Subsection Coccineae is

identified by the synsepal broadly expanded beyond the tube. Subsection Oscil-

lantes is similar to subsection Caudatae, but difffers in the motile lip hinged into a

cavity on the underside of the base of the lip.

The petals of most species of the section are callous along the margin, many

with a well-developed, retrorse process near or at the base. The lip is relatively

thin, but with exceptions. Compared to the thick, verrucose lip of section Coria-

ceae, the lip is thin and smooth. It is also without marginal folds, but a longitudinal

pair of calli commonly are present on the disc. The tip is variously callous. The

species are widely distributed in the Andes and across South America into the

Guyanas; none is known from Central America or southern Brazil. Five subsec-

tions are defined.

KEY TO THE SUBSECTIONS OF SECTION MASDEVALLIA

1 Lip convex and thickened basally, balanced by a thin, delicate extension from the

column-foot that is inserted into a cavity beneath the base of the lip; sepals

variously connate subsect. Oscillantes

1’ Lip not prominently convex basally and concave beneath with a thin extension

from the column-foot 2

2 Sepals connate basally to form a short, gaping, sepaline cup, with the free por-

tions widely spread, exposing the column, petals and lip............ subsect. Caudatae

2’ Sepals connate above the base to form a sepaline cup or tube 3

3 Sepals connate into a cylindrical tube with the lateral sepals abruptly and broadly

expanded beyond the tu subsect. Coccineae

3’ Sepals variously connate into a cup or tube with the lateral sepals not broadly

expanded beyond the tube 4

4 Sepals connate into a cup or a cylindrical tube subsect. Masdevallia

4’ Sepals deeply connate into a narrowly cylindrical tube subsect. Saltatrices

520 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SUBSECTION MASDEVALLIA

Macd llia section Masd Ilia subsection Masdevallia.

Macd The subgenus

Type: idestevti uniflora Ruiz &

Sh : From age Latin eee Ta ek referring to the inflorescence.

Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 4: 388, 1875.

The ere ee: Rehb-f.

U; K 1., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 43, 1925.

“ans Masdevallia urceolaris Kraenz.

Syn.: Masdevallia subsect. Tubulosae (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16:

38, 1986, in part.

Type: Masdevallia tubulosa Lindl.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Eumasdevallia Veitch, Man. Orch. P\. 5: 17, 1889.

Type: Masdevallia uniflora Ruiz & Pav.

of this subsection are those most closely allied to M. uniflora, the

first species described in the genus. Except for a few shortly repent species, the

habit is caespitose, with small to large, petiolate to subpetiolate leaves and a single-

flowered peduncle. The sepals are connate from about midway into a cup or farther

into a tube, with all degrees of connation present.

Subsection Masdevallia lies between two extremes. The sepals of subsection

Caudatae are shallowly connate into a widely expanded cup with exposed lip and

column flanked by the petals. The sepals of meh Saltatrices are deeply

connate into a more or less arcuate, often constric

In subsection Masdevallia, the sepaline cup or tube i is broad, funnel-shaped,

cylindrical, or sometimes inflated. Masdevallia tubulosa is included here because

the narrow, cylindrical tube is neither arcuate nor constricted, and otherwise, it is

similar to species clearly belonging to subsection Masdevallia. As in the other two

subsections, the petals are callous on the lower margin, and form a small to con-

Spicuous process at or above the base, and the lip is simple with an apical callus.

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SUBSECTION MASDEVALLIA

M. affinis Lindl. = M. laevis

M. affinis subsp. maculigera (Schltr.) Luer = M. laevis

M. affinis subsp. petiolaris (Schltr.) Luer = ti a

M. aspera Rchb.f. ex —. = M. paiva

M. assurgens Luer & Escoba

Plates 262, 263.

Plate 264.

M. calocodon Luer & Vasquez = M. yungasensis

M. casta Kraenzl. = M. tubulosa ane

M. ¢ aparensis Hashimoto P

late 266.

M. chiquindensis Kraenzl. = M. a on

M. chlorotica Kraenzl. = M. laevi

M. clandestina Luer & Escob. COSC ee merece ccerccaseeeeseopades ae late 26 ] .

Sa —— Luer SSRN aS AeHine eee Sei enn ene Geek evRarieba eRe psnbsnasewaracsadieeuupcarvecedancel late 268

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

M. corderoana Lehm. & Kraenzl.

§21

Plate 270.

M. cranion Luer

Plate 271.

M. crassicaulis Luer & J.Portilla

Plate 272.

M. datura Luer & Vasquez

Plate 273.

M. deniseana Luer & J.Portilla

Plate 274.

Plate 275.

Plate 276.

Plate 277.

M. elegans Luer & Escobar

Plates 278, 279.

Plate 280

M. oe Luer & Escobar

M. ensata Rchb.f.

Plate 281.

M.e ae T= & Hirtz

Plate 282.

M. falcago Rchb.f.

e 283.

M. figueroae Luer

Plat

Plates 284, 285, 286.

M. filamentosa Kraenzl. = M. pumila

— flaccida Kraenzl. = M. uncifera

M. gilbertoi Luer & Escobar Plate 287.

M. glandulosa K6niger Plate 288.

M. glomerosa Luer & Andreetta Plate 289.

M. gomeziana Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. laevis

M. grandiflora C.Schweinf. = = —s

M. guayanensis Lindl. ex Plate 290.

M. hartmanii Luer Plate 291.

M. hajekii Luer = M. chaparensis

M. heid dniger Plate 292.

M. helenae Luer Plate 293.

M. hians Linden & Rchb.f. Plate 294.

M. hieroglyphica Rchb.f Plate 295.

M. hymenantha Rchb.f. Plate 296.

M. ionocharis Rchb.f. Plate 297.

M. ionocharis var. approviata hort. ex Woolward = M. ionocharis

M. ishikoi Luer Plate 298.

M. juan-albertoi Luer & Arias Plate 299.

M. kalbreyeri (Rchb.f.) ex Kraenzl. = M. urceolaris

M. karineae Nauray ex Luer Plate 300.

M. laevis Lindl. Plates 301, 302, 303, 304, 305.

M. lamprotyria K6niger Plate 306.

M. leonardoi Luer Plate 307.

M. lepida Rchb.f. = M. laevis

M. leucantha Lehm. & Kraenzl Plate 308.

wisii Luer & Vasquez Plate 309.

M. lilacina Koniger Plate 310.

M. lineolata K6niger Plate 311.

M. lucernula K6niger Plate 312.

M. macropt hm. & jane Plate 313.

M. sane ier Schltr. = M. lae

M. a Carnevali & ee a = M. guayenensis

M. cami ul & Arias Plate 314.

M. mastodon R Plate 315.

M. masilariorms Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. strumifera

M. medinae Luer & Portilla Plate 316.

M. pt in Luer Plate 317.

M. midas Luer Plate 318.

M. nebulina Luer Plate 319.

M. nitens Luer

Plate 320.

522 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

. horops Andreett Plate 321.

M. eieae & oabee Plate 322.

M. os-viperae Luer & Andreetta Plates 323, 324.

M. paivaéana Rchb.f a2

Vines & Mala Plate 326.

j ltr. = M. laevis

rotaynaubitiy pon eae tia Plate 327.

M. picta Luer Plate 328.

M. popowiana Koniger & J.G.Weinm. ---Plate 329.

M. quasimodo Luer & Teague Plate 331.

M. rana-aurea —. mee

BP a Plate 332.

M. roseola Luer : Plate 333.

M. scandens Rolfe Plate 334.

M_ ech i Luer Plate 335.

M. selenites Kéniger Plate 336.

M. soennemarkii Luer & Dalstrém Plate 337.

M. Luer & Vasquez Plate 338.

M. stenantha Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. tubulosa

Xstrumella Luer Plate 339.

M. strumifera Robb Plates 340, 341.

M. Luer Plate 342.

M. irae Lver & Andreetta = M. tubulosa

Ak severe Plate 343.

M. tinekeae hag & Viasq Plate 344.

M. trautmanniana Luer a Ponti Plate 345.

M. trigonopetala Kraen Plate 346.

M. trionyx Kraenzl. = M. falcago

M. truncata Luer Plate 347.

M. tubulosa Lindl. Plates 348, 349, 350, 351.

M. tubulosa Lindl. subsp. syringodes (Luer & Andreetta) Luer = M. tubulosa

M. uncifera Rchb.f. Plate 352.

M. uniflora Ruiz & Pav. Plate 353.

M. urceolaris Kraenzl. Plate 354.

M. ustulata | uer Plates 355, 356.

M. vasquezii Luer Plate 357.

M. verecunda Luer Plate 358

M. xiphium Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. = M. ensata

- yungasensis Hashimoto Plates 359, ros 362.

M. yungasensis ai calocodon (Luer & Vasquez) Luer = M. yungas

M. zebracea Lue

" Plate 363.

a ka ak th ae i ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 523

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBSECTION MASDEVALLIA

to the acer of a homogeneous taxon based rily upon m 10rph — features i = diffi-

cult to pot struct an t f th datio res

ee. this key is jaca pial upon | nee pare of a, colors will pace in different parts

of th logy

1 a whitish (white, cream, yellowish white or aguee white, without ok

L* Sepals [oor eet distinctly colored ro

(sepals whitish)

2 Plant repent 3

2’ Plant caespitose 4

3 Peduncle shorter than the leaf; sepals with tails about as long as the blades............

M. paivaéana

3’ Peduncle longer than the leaf; sepals with tails longer than the blades

scandens

4 Lateral sepals narrowly acute, gradually attenuated into tails 5

4’ Lateral sepals obtuse to acute, with a noticeable contraction into tails 12

5 Dorsal sepal connate to the lateral sepals more than 10 mm into a narrow, cylin-

drical tube 6

5’ Dorsal sepal connate to the lateral sepals less than 10 mm 7

6 Lateral sepals with the tails widely spreading M. tubulosa

6’ Flowers not open, g M. cleistogama

7 Lateral sepals with the tails longer than the blade 8

7’ Lateral sepals with the tails shorter than the blade 10

8 Lateral sepals with a prominent mentum at the base M. Xstrumella

8’ Lateral sepals without a prominent mentum at the base 9

9 Lateral sepals slender, acumina M. pumila

9’ Lateral sepals ovate, acute, neon into tails M. leucantha

10 Petals broad, “triangular,” with a retrorse process from a thick, marginal carina

M. veils

10’ Petals oblong with a small process from a low, marginal carina 11

11 Sepaline tube cylindrical, slightly arcuate M. syringodes

11’ Sepaline tube narrowly funnel-shaped M. guayanensis

12 Lateral sepals acute, tapered into a tail 13

12’ Lateral sepals obtuse, more or less abruptly caudate 16

13 Lateral sepals acutely falcate M. verecunda

13’ Lateral sepals not acutely falcate 14

14 Lip black M. melanoglossa

14’ Lip not black

15 reo sepals with tails curved downward, with a conspicuous mentum at the

M. strumifera

is i poe sepals with tails curved upward, with a small mentum at the base............

M. clandestina

524 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lateral sepals connate to the dorsal sepal more than 3 cm M. datura

vi pra pased te to the d. | p l less than 2 cm 17

17 Lateral sepal te to the dorsal sepal 1-2 cm 18

17° Lateral sepals connate less than 1 cm 20

18 Sepals connate about midway into a gaping, campanulate cup............M. uniflora

18” Sepals connate above the middle 19

19 Sepals deeply te into a subglobose cur M. selenites

19° Sepals connate into a cylindrical tube M. terborchii

20 Sepaline tails thick; petals with a minute, uncinate, basal process

spatnevddseaionebtiseloess skscneessssbsinboesessesssesleesecoes M. crassicaulis

20° Sepaline tails slender; petals without a minute, uncinate, basal process

Peer wesereee

21 Lip fringed at the apex; petals obtusely angled above the base................ M. hians

21’ Lip entire; petals with a large, retrorse, basal process M. nebulina

(sepals yellow to green, yellow-orange or orange, sometimes minutely flecked)

Similar species in subsect. )

rices (not yet treated

22 Sepals yellow, yellow-orange, orange or red-orange, without suffusion, stripes

DE NOE sseseeteremeopeseessthhitiel assist ca cert ee 23

22" Sepals colored other than the above..." 36

23 Plant long-scandent Bate erarenener etre 1 akaN todas nic snauenteru acces M. assurgens

Bah cd aro. Reames 24

26 Sepals with trond tails. cccsceseccss 25

24° Sepals with slender tails Pee 26

25 Sepals connate into a short cup with decury; i

: u RVI TU on occsee case ctveasas, M. falcago

25” Sepals connate into a tube with the tails directed forward.................. e mi ie

26" Sepals connate into an inflated tube wc 27

26° Sepals not connate into an inflated cg. ae aS 30

27 Sepaline tube bright red-orange, with short tails more or less connivent...............

See eet - lucernul

27’ Sepaline tube subspherical without commivent tails... ‘< ne

28 Lateral sepals neither arcuate nor concave, forming a broad mentum

28" Lateral : race Ba avai gy sirtesbses tie cotrageeacomaauen M. glomerosa

29 Sepals with tails longer than the bl

. ades......

29° Sepals with tails shoeter than dhe tac Otome eden. M. cranion

hate 8 Na M. medinae

30 Lateral sepal deep i

Fae em Pa lamina beyond the bee.

30° Lateral se pals tt deeply connate beyond the igi isis ianteepesir thea M. os-viperae

31 Lateral Sepals attenuate falcate-sigmoj pes

SI” Lata! seipal ont Silcate-aigacan Wii oe Oe M. norops

32 Lateral wpubfonine scotia oo eee

32° Lateral sepals not forerig ee ee M seen

tum. 7

S not forming a a ceigg. oo - een:

PPA Ceresien,y.

Ringe et aE

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 525

33 Lateral sepals connate to the dorsal sepal less than one third the length................

M. uncifera

33’ Lateral sepals connate to the dorsal sepal at least half the length......... 34

34 Peduncle shorter than the leaf; sepaline 5 narrowly cylindrical....M. —-

34’ Peduncle as long as, or longer than the le

35 Sepaline tube lat M. truncata

35’ Sepaline tube broadly cylindrical M. dreisei

(whitish, suffused with yellow, orange, purple, or brown)

36 Lateral sepals white, suffused basally or apically with yellow, orange, brown or

purple 37

36° Dorsal sepal and lateral sepals differently colored 46

37 Plant shortly repent; sepals white, suffused with purple or orange.M. paivaéana

37° Plant caespitose

38 = white, suffused with orange basally, with thick tails yi pee than the

cmhaneniat

38’ Sepak not with long, thick tails

39 Sepals white, suffused with purple centrally and orange basally, with tails

the blades

39” Sepals not colored as above, with tails shorter to about as long as the blades...43

40 Lateral sepals obtuse, abruptly contracted into tails 41

40’ Lateral sepals long-attenuate into tails 42

41 Sepals deeply connate into a cup, with a broad, rounded mentum...M. rs scien iana

41’ Sepals expanded beyond the cup M. exquisita

42 Lateral sepals falcate, recurved M. gilbertoi

42’ Lateral sepals directed forward 44

43 Leaves less than 1 cm wide; peduncle less than 2 cm long............ M. condorensis

43’ Leaves more than 1 cm wide; peduncle 6-10 cm long M. picta

44 Sepals connate into a cylindrical tube, suffused with brown basally....M. elachys

44’ Sepals connate into a broad cup or tube, not suffused with brown basally........ 45

45 Lateral sepals connate to dorsal sepal less than 1 cm, suffused with —— basal-

ly or centrally ionocharis

(sepals yellow and purple, or orange and purple)

46 Sepals yellow and purple, or orange and purple, with or without darker stripes...

46’ Sepals not yellow or orange and purple 51

47 Plant long-scandent M. assurgens

47’ Plant caespitose 48

48 ee deeply connate into an inflated, suborbicular tube, constricted at the

M. encephala

48° Gewaie semiconnate, not constricted at the ostium

526 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

49 S Is Ue Ee | +} 32cm long M. lewisii

49° Sepals a oy lesc than PA cm long 50

50 Petals with a descending, basal process; lip not bicallous............ M. soennemarkii

50” Petals with a retrorse, basal callus; lip longitudinally bicarinate

M. trautmanniana

(sepals tan, brown, or red-brown)

51 Sepals tan, brown, or red-brown 52

5] °c f 1 I T 1 54

52 Sepals tan, diffusely dotted and suffused with dark brown........... M. juan-albertoi

52” Sepals redish brown 53

53 Lateral sepals connate deeply into an expanded lamina beyond the tube................

‘ M. os-viperae

53 Lateral sepals not deeply connate beyond the tube .. M. carpishica

(sepals all purple)

54 Sepals purple, without spots or stripes ..... mi

54° Sepals mottled, spotted, or 2: 61

55, Lateral sepals Acute.....ecscssusssssesssssisssisteseeeeecseccc. 56

55° Lateral sepals ObIUSE .....ececcessssenneo 59

56 Lateral sepals narrowly acute, long-attenuate, curved u

i ; q pward... 57

56” Lateral sepals acute, with noticeable contraction into tails, curved do\ d..58

57 Leaves more than 1 cm wide: petals with a low, margi

, vide; F ginal callus..........M. roseola

57° Leaves less than 1 cm wide; petals with an erect, marginal callus........ M. lilacina

_ scivecuacasinaestanst trainee aes een ra . hymenantha

58” Lateral sepals with tails longer than the blade; petals without a tooth .

INAV Ni Sakina ete Sore M. lamprotyria

59 Sepals prominently cellular. glandular withi

j - a

59” Sepals shortly pubescent WN Seisisisibietscitcry sin “i a

60 rae sepal with the tail clavate, lateral sepals with tails in apposition.................

$0 Dorsal spa withthe taint cava, lateral spas wi als so

OEE AON tia tiie ita M. heideri

61 Sepals mottled various]

: , y suffused and i

Re a Callus at the base of the ic. ee aha +e

WOE Re een enntncataece M. hieroglyphica

Wein kicaanseeaeen ee 62

62 Sepals striped... nite pcx,

G2 Sepille qpeticd oper sent sec iets 63

FG nae rt ter ener nent lixaias | 83

63 Sepals white cream i ;

; Y white or ite wi ‘

63° C F greenish white with le stri

Sepals not white, creamy white or greenish white cathe pays arate nes ps

64 Sepals with Me tietateie

: tn tau. an the bl.

64'S with tails longer thn eb a Siete caerg ee 65

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 527

65 Sepaline tube cylindrical and curved M. lineolata

65’ Sepaline tube bell-shaped, inflated M. rimarima-al

66 Lip markedly arcuate : M. yungasensis

66’ Lip flat to slightly curved 67

67 Flower large; lip more than 10 mm long M. corderoana

67’ Flower small; lip ca. 6 mm long 68

68 Sepals creamy white with reddish stripes, connate into a short, — tube...

M. ensata

68” Sepals white with dark purple stripes, connate into an infundibular oe Lanai tale

M. zebracea

69 Sepals yellow, yellow-orange, or tan with purple or brown stripes 70

69” Lateral sepals rose to dark purple with purple stripes 76

70 Lateral sepals broadly obtuse, abruptly caudate M. yungasensis

70’ Lateral sepals obtuse, subacute, acute to acuminate 71

71 Sepals connate into a se cup with a prominent, conical mentum 72

71’ Sepals connate into a tt 73

72 Sepals with the apices in apposition M. manoloi

72’ Sepals with the apices not in apposition M. solomonii

73 Sepals connate into a broadly campanulate tube; lip more a 10 mm long.....74

73’ Sepals connate into a narrow tube; lip less than 7 mm lon 75

74 Peduncle arising high on the ramicaul; lateral sepals 3-veined.......M. corderoana

74’ Peduncle arising low on the ramicaul; lateral sepals 5-veined M. suinii

75 Sepals falcate, connate into a tube with a secondary mentum M —

75’ Sepals not falcate, connate into a tube with only a Een basal mentum...........

M. ge eee

76 Lateral sepals broadly obtuse, abruptly caudate M. yungasensis

76’ Lateral sepals not broadly obtuse and abruptly caudate TT

7 Lateral sepals acute, long-acuminate 78

Ae Lateral sepals obtuse, subacute, to acute, contracted into tails 80

78 Lateral sepals rose with purple stripes, with tails about as long as the blade.........

M. odontocera

78’ Lateral sepals dark purple with darker stripes, long-acuminate with tails much

longer than the blade 79

79 Dorsal sepal connate to the lateral sepals for most of its length........ M. mastodon

79’ Dorsal sepal connate to the lateral sepals for about half its length....M. macropus

80 Flower very small, the blades of the sepals less than 10 mm long.....M. vasquezii

80’ Flower not very small, the blades of the sepals more than 11 mm long 81

81 Lip 12-13 mm long M. elegans

81’ Lip less than 7 mm long 82

82 Sepals with tails subclavate; lip with — margin M. hartmanii

82’ Sepals with tails slender; lip narrowly oblo M. nitens

528 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

(sepals spotted) 84

83 Sepals white and spotted ..........-...- 89

7 Sepals Varswuoly .

84 Lateral sepals white with purple-black, marginal, spots and warts, and with a

mentum M. popowiana

b 85

84’ Sepals +

$ connate into a cylindrical tube, lightly spotted with rose, tails of the

o pie d a : M. clandestina

85’ Sepals connate into a sepaline cup

86 Lateral sepals connate to dorsal sepal for more than half the length into a subor-

bicular cup with a prominent mentum M. tinekeae

86” Lateral sepals connate to dorsal sepal for less than half the length into a gaping

cup

87 t ip Po a tth I M. dudleyi

87° Lip with the apex rounded and 1 88

88 Leaf with the blade 2.5-3.5 cm wide, with the petiole 4-9 cm long

eres M. laevis (M. petiolaris)

88° Leaf with the blade 1.5-2 cm wide, with the petiole 2-3 cm long

pier neaWereritiars cheniatvaeainaeiedrasnpvesiscvisansontsdvusecaarsioendsieasos. M. aevis ( M. maculigera)

89 Sepaline tube yellow with brown Spot at the base................. bite <ei M. schoonenii

89° Sepaline tube variously oo ac oe a 90

90 Dorsal sepal yellow with purple spots, the lateral sepals rose with purple dots,

apices with thickened tips... ishikoi

OF RN MN RNG ewicsiciincinuman ce 91

91 Sepals yellow, or orange, variously spotted with

» OF 0 ‘ purple or brown 92

91” Sepals purple, variously Spotted with brown......... st aici, 97

92 Plant and flower small sepals connate into a tube less th

: , an 10 mm long........... 93

92° Plant and flower large, sepals connate into a gaping cup.............. : 94

93 Peduncle horizontal; sepals with tails as lon

q » Sepals wi g as the blades... M. urceolaris

93° Peduncle erect: sepals with tails shorter than the aCe aCe M. phacopsis

94 Lateral sepals falcate, abruptly caudate; lip arcuate, more than 10 mm long.........

4" Lateral sepals oblique, acuminate; lip not arcuate 7777777777" M- chaparensis

ne third the length into a

. uncifera

about half the length into a distinct

Soe Re tereeesess

PP eter e we,

Pe Pe PRE SEs a dinetivinicieadetvess se

These ete cerese ss

tO PO eres essences

PP eee vesscens

teres

*Peereccercececcce PCOS SEED OFEFCEe

TTT Stew eeee

MUI ND IREEN Shen beunienhesvuctaciasy 4

: : > pa ee i

i WNW Ventas heieiesneenckelciecocnpew WA.

eaten eee

ew eer ce retecesre ens.

PM eae ete re mn

Pee eters eseres

Per eeceresees

SENG EAGER ORNS WB eh 6 Ween eek

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 529

aa ee assurgens Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 13: 153, 1979.

.: From the Latin assurgens, “ascending,” referring to the habit of the plant.

Plant large, terrestrial to epiphytic, scandent with the rhizomes erect to i ype 6 cm long

between ramicauls; roots slender, from nodes along the rhizome. Ramicauls oo ding, erect, to

suberect, 5-14 cm long, with a loose tubular sheath near the middle and 1-2 sheaths at ibe base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, — 10-17 cm long inclu = the petiole 3-5 cm

long, 3-3.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, borne “he a sem

erect peduncle, 12-24 cm long, with a tubular ‘a below the middle, from low on the ramicaul]; floral

bract tubular, 17-25 mm long; pedicel 20-33 mm — se 9 mm long; sepals yellow or rl, micro-

scopically pubescent within, the dorsal sepal obovate, te below the middle, 20-23 mm long, 17 mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 15 mm into a iad. “cylindrical tube, the apex obtuse, oe

into an erect, slender tail 5-5.5 cm long, the lateral sepals oblong-subfalcate, oblique, 22-26 mm long, 15

ide, connate 5-7 mm to form a deep mentum simon the column-foot, the apices acute, oe

pe e I

wide, the apex narrowly obtuse-subapiculate, the

labellar margin with a. low, someeudinel callus along

between the middle and ‘basal thirds above a broad

claw; lip yellow or suffused with purple, oblong, 14-

17 mm long, 5.5-7.5 mm wide expanded, the apex

obtuse, trilobulate, the base subtruncate, narrowly

cleft, hinged benea wt a pee suffused with

rose, semiterete, 9 mm long, the foot also 9 mm long,

with a slender, hr extension

COLOMBIA: Tolima: between Calarca and Ibagué,

Alto de =e —— alt. 3400-3600 m, collected 21

Dec. 1977 E. Valencia, R. Escobar et ig oc

Pdramo de las Delicias, alt. 3380 m, 17 - 1982. c.

er & R. eck 8482 (SEL

This large, robust mihi is uncom-

Cauca. It produces long-scandent rhi-

zomes that climb in the loose humus

around the bases of shrubby vegetation. A

single large flower is borne by a long,

erect peduncle. The basic color is yellow,

but heavy suffusions of bright purple often

occur on the lateral sepals. The sepaline

tube is broad with the free portions of the

lateral sepals oblong with obliquely falcate

apices. The tails are slender. The petals

are triangular with the marginal callus

ending in a narrow retrorse apex above an

unguiculate base. The lip is trilobulate at

the apex.

Masdevallia assurgens has been a

problem for horticulturists for it resists all

attempts at cultivation beyond a year or

two. What seem to be ideal greenhouse

conditions (cool, moist, well-ventilated)

have failed to provide exactly the neces-

sary combinations for its survival.

PR NT eS a ee ee Ree ee ae aS

Ly Mat,

Rg SERRE ne

Plate 262. Masdevallia assurgens

OR ee reenter ara ry eat es

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

530

Plate 263. Masdevallia assurgens

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 531

Masdevallia burianii Luer & Dalstrém, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

73:

Ety.: Named for Rick Burian, of Portland, OR, co-collector of this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls oie — erect, 2.5-3.5

cm _ enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath and aie at the base. Leaf ere s, long-pe-

tiolate, pies 4-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, a ‘6 cabanas, 1.5-2

cm cer te below into the petiole. ‘Inflorescence a soli itary flower borne by a peduncle 9 cm long,

= a beaded above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 12 mm long; pedicel 20 mm long;

ary 5 mm long; sepals white, —— with vt ee ee inate, glabrous externally, shortly pubescent

veiitin, the <a sepal oblong, concave, 13 ong, 1 wide, 3-veined, the apex obtuse, contract-

x into a slender tail 4- = cm ong, its lateral I sepals Sblong -ovate, sini Dt mm long, 9 mm wide, 3-

eined, conn oe ca. 5 mm over at tails similar to

that of the dorsal sepal; petals cartilaginous, more ah r less oblong, obliquely acute at ne — the label-

, 2.5 mm

side 1-veined; lip oblong, arcuate cohow bg middle, 7.5 mm long, ~ mm wide, se apex broadly bie

cate, Se disc with a pair 0 m base to apex,

cordate, thickened beneath and os ‘hinged to the —— “foot column stout, 6 mm long, the

foot ame long

BOLIVIA: age — to — = ea

m, Dec. 1999, S. Dalst , J. Sénne

Burian 2415 ee MO: Isotype: SEL). e cave

illustr. 1928

Intermixed with numerous plants of M.

yungasensis, several plants of this closely

allied M. burianii were found. The leaves

are long-petiolate and the flowers are

smaller. The pubescence within the flow-

ers varies in length and color, from purple

to white. The basal process of the petals is

thick, obtuse, retrorse and incurved, while

in M. yungasensis, the process is triangular

and retrorse. The lip of M. burianii is

recurved from the basal third while the lip

of M. yungasensis is arcuate.

Masdevallia burianii is also similar to

M. tinekae, which also occurs nearby, but the mentum with the column-foot is much

larger in the latter and the process of the petal is slender and antrorse.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

532

Plate 264. Masdevallia burianii

ee ee eT ee ee ee a es Fe ee ae res

;

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 533

Masdevallia carpishica Luer & Cloes, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76:

148, 1999.

Ety.: Named for the Carpish Mountains, Hudnuco, Peru, where the species was collected.

Plant large, Sgt ~~ roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 5-8 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 10-17 cm long including the blackish

petiole 4-6 cm long, oe ‘blade onal. acute, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole.

Inflorescence a single flower borne by a ak erect ena 6-10 cm long, from near the middle of

the ramicaul; floral bract tubular 10-13 mm long; pedic 10 mm — ovary 7-9 mm

long; sepals fleshy,

glabrous, =e n, the = sepal ee 14 mm long, 7 mm wide, obtuse, contracted into a stout,

forwardly directed, orange tail 11-14 mm long, con wer to the label sepals fo for 11 mm into a slightly

arcuate, cylindrical tube, “the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 28-34 mm _— 8 mm wide, connate 8 mm,

the apices acute, acuminate into stout, orange — ca. 1 cm long; peta oblon a mm long, 3

mm wide, the apex obtuse-subtruncate, minute — with a ong aie cas the labellar

margin, terminating a atthe has na minu meee incurved process; lip orange, oblong, 9 mm long, 3

mm wane , the apex obtuse, the disc shallowly concave between n a pair of low, longitudinal calli, with a

lo apex, th hallowly cleft, hinged beneath; column semiter

ete, =: mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a short extension.

PERU: ype ie a h Mountains, alt. 2700

re 1998 ah = — 990118 sb

MO), C. io ee f

This species is — endemic in

the Carpish Mountains of central Peru. It

does not have close relatives, but it seems

most similar to Ecuadorian M. picta. It is

characterized by an elliptical leaf acute at

both ends with a black petiole and rami-

cau ul. The peduncle arises from near the

flower is proportionately small. The

reddish brown sepals are contracted into

stout, orange tails. The petals are oblong

with a NE, RIEU toath at the base.

low, longitu-

dinal pair of calli for nearly the entire

length

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

534

Plate 265. Masdevallia Carpishica

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 535

Masdevallia chaparensis Hashimoto, — Natl. Sci. om ser. B, 4: 5, Apr. 1978.

— Named kot the province of Chapare ocha bamba, Bolivia, where this

Sn Masdevallia hajekii Luer, Phytologia a 205, May 1978.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Carlos Haj ck, 0 Cochabamba, Bolivia, who had been familiar with this

species for mally y

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic lender. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 2.5-4.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-13 c

long including the petiole 2-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, neers 1.2-2 cm wide, cuneate below am

the channeled petiole. Inflorescence a showy, solitary flower, borne by a slender, teak to suberect

peduncle, 7-12 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from ion on the _ _ bract —

1.5-2 cm long; pedicel 3-5 mm long; ovary spotted with purple, 5-7 mm long; sepals rose, spotted with

free portion sore Ni gular, with the apex obtuse, contracted i: a suberect, slender, greenish tail 3-4

cm long, the lateral I sepals oblong, pian 23 mm long, "3 mm wide, connate oe mm and to the column-

foot for 9 mm to fi he apices subacute deflexed tails 2.5-3

cm long; petals w wii te, spotted with bi purple, eines , 8.5 mm bine 2- 3 mm wide, ‘wma = =

obtuse, bluntly subapiculate, the labellar margin wu icaariatinal

process above the base; lip rose, nk ai es dark 8 eon recurve ed, 12 mm long ak

ed, 5 mm wide, narrowed toward the truncate a with a , thick, yellow- nat marginal

callus, the disc shallowly sant between a parallel pair of sores calli, the base truncate, hinged

beneath; ears white, flecked with purple, aa 7 mm long, the foot equally long, with an in-

curved extens

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare, Pampatambo, 72

Km northeast of Cochabamba, alt. 2440 m, 5 Dec.

1974, Nashida, Ono, Hashimoto & Ohga 01003

io)

Tal

| dl

Nov. 1977, C. Luer 2114 (holotype of M. hajekii:

SEL); same area, alt. 2600 m, 27 Nov. 1978, hae i .

purple, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez et al. 3473 (M S \

— — yellow, C. Luer et al., 3473B Aes a ® i

t. 2800 m, 18 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer ‘. ponents,

Pa % ine 12872 (MO). 7 }

This species is endemic in one humid, vor

forested valley on the north slope of the F °

Andes in central Bolivia. It had been

well-known to Dr. Carlos Hajek and other

amateur orchidophiles of Cochabamba for many years before the new road eer

this valley was opened in 1974. Although abundant in a well-botanized area near a

metropolis, no collection of this species is known to have been made by the early

botanists. It was described independently and nearly simultaneously by two authors

in 1978.

Masdevallia chaparensis is distinguished by the large, white, purple-spotted

flower. Occasional plants bear yellow flowers with brown markings, or rarely, pure

yellow. The tail of the dorsal sepal points forward while the tails of the laterals are

deflexed. The petals are spotted with a blunt tooth above the base. The lip is ar-

cuate with an orange callus at the end of the recurved apex.

536

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

of PEAS =<

iE Pace MB

ete at

~— St_s 5% * —

car

jhe. SYST eee

Plate 266. Masdevallia chaparensis

eS HH ALS oe Pg Me a Le

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 537

caso allia clandestina Luer & repens Selbyana 7: T1, 1982.

Ety.: From the Latin clandestinus, “secret, concealed,” in allusion to the rarity of the small, incon-

spicuous plant.

Plant net —. ig roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-3 cm long, ona

by 2-3 loose, tubular . Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, long-petiolate, 6-9.5 cm long including the

petiole 2- 3. 5 cm ae ie — narrowly elliptical, acute, 0.9-1.3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate dow rie

nee with a tubular bract below the middle, from near the base of the ramicaul; floral bract thin, 8 mm

long; pedicel 12 mm long; ovary green, 5 mm long; sepals white, light green toward the base, lightly

dotted with = a the dorsal sepal engine oblong, concave, 12 mm lon ng, 3 mm wide, connate to

the lateral sepals for 10 mm t curved lar, the apex acute,

attenuated into a a upcurved, white tail 4 cm long, yellow toward the apex, the lateral ite

roti 5 obli ique, 17 mm long, Ui mm witie, crinat e 8 mm to form a shallow mentum, shortly pubesc

, upcurved, white tails 3.5 cm long; petals yellow,

ed “i purple, oblong. : —- long, 1.5 mm wide, the bapen ninignes with a blunt apiculum, the oe

dinal tuse process p light

alte ve a = ae. spots, oblong, arcuate, 4 mm | ong, 1.75 mm wide, the apex orange, oun nded,

the act _— a ‘es of low, longitudinal calli, the base subcordate, acutely revolute, aalloake cleft,

hinged beneath; column white, spotted semiterete, 3.25 mm long, the foot equally long with

a = on le extension.

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Munic. of

Portillo 7975 (Holotype: SEL); same locality, col-

lected by E. Valencia, | t Colom

quideas, Dec. 1989, R. en (JAUM, MO).

VENEZUELA: Tachira: Munic. of Cérdoba, El

Chorrerén, alt. 2740 m, 26 July 2001, C. Fernandez

318 (MO, VEN)

This little species is known from the

Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and adja-

cent Venezuela. It was first discovered by

Rodrigo Escobar in 1982 in a forest where

M. laevis was abundant.

Masdevallia clandestina is character-

ized by the narrow, long-petiolate leaves; a

small, white, cylindrical flower lightly

spotted with pale purple; long, slender,

upcurved tails; and yellow, purple-spotted

petals and lip. In common with some other

species from cool, high-altitude habitats,

this species does not grow well in cultiva-

tion, even with the best cool conditions.

538 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 267,

Masdevallia Clandestina

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 539

Masdevallia cleist Luer, Lindleyana 4: 105, 1989.

Ety.: From the Latin cleistogamus, “cleistogamous, ” referring to the unopened flowers that produce

capsules

nt medium in size, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots — Ramicauls blackish, erect,

slender, ‘L 5- 2.5 cm _ enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erec » ConINES ‘ous, 8- os cm long includ-

_ - petiole 4-5 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacut e, 0.8-1 wide, gradually

wed below into - slender, blackened petiole. Inflorescence a siattany flower a ki erect by a

iad, erect peduncle 5-6 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract

tubular, 9-10 mm long; pedicel 12-15 mm long; ovary 8-20 mm long; sepals white, glabrous, carinate,

connivent, free above the tube but non-spreading, the dorsal sepal oblong, 35 mm long including the tail

ca. 20 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral “igs for 12 mm to form a narrow, cylindrical,

sepaline tube, the apex long-acuminate to the slender tail, the lateral sepals narrowly obovate, oblate, 35

mm long including the tails ca. 15 mm long, connate 12 mm, 7 mm wlan together expanded, the apices

acute, slender tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, narrowly linear-ovate,

12 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, without a callus, the apex thickened, acute, the margins cellular-erose; lip

white, as 11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide sotto me middle, = pical portion acute with revolute

margins, the disc without a callus, the base trunca ae column white, semiterete, 4.5

mm long, the foot 0.5 mm long, the extension taeda

PERU: Amazonas(?): Without locality, obtained by

the San Francisco Conservatory from Bergstrom

cultivated 7 — 1989, C. Luer 14396 (Holotype: f

ype: K

Although “‘ugly”’ by the standards of

many, this taxon is extremely interesting.

It is undoubtedly related to Masdevallia

tubulosa, but some might argue that it is

not even a Masdevallia. Vegetatively, M.

cleistogama is indistinguishable from

numerous other medium-sized species of

the genus with narrow leaves and slender,

blackish petioles, but the cleistogamous

flowers immediately distinguish it. To

date, it is the only known species of the

genus with this exclusive character. Given

optimal conditions, the plant flowers

continuously, and every flower produces a

capsule.

The tubular, white flowers are held

upright with the connivent tails pointing

skyward. The sepals are free above the

narrow, sepaline tube. Within the tube the long, narrow petals are nearly three

times as long as the column. The petals are devoid of any callus, but the pointed

apex is thickened. The margins are cellular-erose in the middle third. The lip is

basically similar to that of M. tubulosa, but it is longer and narrower with the

margins revolute at the acute apex.

540 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 268, Masdevallia cleistogama

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 541

Etaatevalle ammaras Luer ¢ & Hirtz, ee 1: 180, 1986.

Ety. d

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 7-8 mm —

enclosed te 2-3 closely fitting, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, _ wly linear-obovate, sub-

e, 30-50 mm long se an tate blackish petiole 5-10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, coats

ena to the base. Infloresce solitary, long-tailed, colorful oa borne by a slender, suberect

peduncle 10-12 mm long, with a prob at the base, Peis low on the ramicaul; floral bract 5 mm long;

pedicel 5 ong; ovary 4 mm long; l the middle, white above the middle, suffused

with purple centrally, glabrous — the free margins microscopically erose-ciliate near their junction, the

dorsal ee obovate, 10-11 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, connate to the —— sepals for 7 mm to form a

cylindri , the free portion pie pene into a i — ca. 30 mm long, the lateral

eas more or less ovate, the blades ca. 20 mm long, 6 mm wide, mn 6 mm to form a shallow,

‘he oon mentum, the free portions gradually aed into sian light yellow tails, the total

ength of the I teral sepals ca. 50 mm; petals white, oblong, 4.5 mm ? ng, 2. seo mm w — the apex obtuse,

oe er om nes notched, the labellar margin = aie ing in rrow, incurved process

above and extending beyond the — ms once a ue pa diaee ees slightly nar-

rowed above the middle, 4.5 mm long, 2.25 m le, the apex truncate, with a thick, revolute, purple-

brown callus on a marginal lo ae the truncate base a beneath; column white, semiterete, 3.5 mm

long, the foot 2 mm long with the incurved extensio

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: oF in tall

forest east of Paquisha, alt. 1450 m, 19 Feb. 1986, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Embree, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11932

(Holotype: MO).

To date, this colorful, long-tailed

species has been found in only one small

area of the isolated Cordillera del Condor

in southeastern Ecuador. Vegetatively, it

is characterized by small, narrow leaves up

to five centimeters long. The equally

long, slender flower is borne by a short

peduncle less than one and a half cen-

timeters long, so that the tails of the sepals

extend from below the base of the plant to

beyond the tips of the leaves.

The color of the sepals is a combina-

tion reminiscent of that of M. picta: white

with suffusions of orange and purple. The

petals are remarkable for their long, in-

curved basal tooth. The lip is remarkable

for a revolute, apical lobule with the

marginal callus at the apex.

542 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 269. Masdevallia condorensis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 543

a" corderoana Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 103, 1925.

.: Named in honor Luis Cordero, President of Reuador between 1892 and 1895.

ender, 4-11 cmlong,

ain by 2-3 loose, tubular he ‘Leaf erect, —- sip ei 6- sec cm cae including the

tiole 2-4 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1.7-3 c uneate below into the slender petiole.

Inflorescence a 1 solitary, sney flower borne by a slender, me ct peduncle 612 cm long, with a bract

t tubular, 7-20 mm long; pedicel 10-40 mm

long; ovary 5- 8 mm long; sepals yellow to pale yellow or et white, each with 3 prominent, purple

veins, microscopically pubescent within, the dorsal sepal obovate, the blade 20-30 mm seg 12 mm

wide, connate ssa the lateral | sepals fi or males mm to form a broad, ine tube, the free angu-

lar wit nder tail 18-25 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, a 22-

32 mm long, 11- 131 mm bya connate 5-10 mm, forming a broad mentum —— a ea the free

portions acute, gradually narrowed into slender tails 12-22 mm long; petals w th purple midvein,

the carina marked with purple, 0 onlong. 9 mm | ong, 4 mm wide, the obtuse airs “obscurely bilobed, the

lower margin with a lip dark purple

or yellow, marked with purple, ins 11mm long, 5 mm wide, the obtuse apex w ith a marginal, mid-

line callus, the base subcordate, deeply cleft; column white with a purple margin, semiterete, 8-9 mm

long, the foot 4 mm long with a long, incurved exten:

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Churrucos, “East

Andes of Sigsig,”’ alt. 3000-3200 m, Sept.-Oct. 1887,

F.C. Lehmann 6561 (Holotype: K, t. 440; Isotype:

AMES); eastern flank of the Andes, alt. 11,000 ft.,

W. Jameson 28 (K); without ae nigga’ west

slopes of the Andes, alt. 9,000-10,000 ft., Oct.

R. Pierce s.n (BM); Churrucos near Sigsig, coleted

alo, alt. ca. 3000 m, cultivated at Tarqui

vated i in Cuenca, 18 Aug. 1 978, Ec fuer 3317 (SEL).

Carchi: epiphytic in forested valley above Maldona-

do, alt. 3900 m, 21 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

SN 2685 (SEL); same area, alt. 3300 m, 2 Apr.

84, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém & T. Hiéijer 9887 (MO);

en of the pass “enero "Tulcén and Maldonado, alt.

3400 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. Del

Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15072 (MOQ); at the pass

El mae 16 4-9 1%, J.D. Boeke & J. Jaramillo

(SEL); same ee collected by A. Andreet

Portilla, sailed at Paute, 16 May 1988, C. ae — (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud

forest south of the os south of Jimbura, alt. 3050 m, 21 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores

& A. Embree 12000 (M

Consul Lehmann’s watercolor painting of this species, made in 1887 and with-

out indication of a name, is at Kew. The species was not published until 1925.

Masdevallia corderoana occurs in scattered localities at altitudes usually over 3000

meters above sea level. Sometimes it is locally abundant. It seems to replace M.

laevis in Ecuador. In northern Ecuador variatiopns intermediate between M. laevis

and M. corderoana occur. The peduncle of M. corderoana emerges from high on

the ramicaul. The large, solitary, yellowish flower with three prominent purple

stripes on each sepal is characteristic. The sepaline cup is deeper than that of M.

laevis, but the petals and lip are similar

In cultivation, these plants from high altitudes become progressively smaller and

produce flowers only about half the size of those produced in the wild.

544 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 270. Masdevallia corderoana

Sh eee ee SD SP See SOE ES Ge OR RE RT ETE eget Para tee ene RET Ie ee eee eR oe a!

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 545

Masdevallia a Luer, Lindleyana 4: 108, 1989.

Ety.: From the Greek kranion, ‘‘a skull,” referring to the shape of the sepaline cup.

medium in size, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. — erect, slender, =

1.5 cm ca enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-7 c the

neon : ms: “ cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.7-2.1 cm wide, <re below into the petiole. .. In-

solitary flow er borne by a slender, subhorizontal peduncle m long, with a bract near

a base — low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8 mm long; ete 2 mm long; ovary 4mm

long; sepals Sagres ten eae me dors sepa orange lightly dotted with rose, see ie

concave-inflated, 18 mm long, 1 the lateral sepals for 10 mm to form

semi-orbicular, sepaline cup, the apex ceiel abrupt onivacied’ into a reflexed, slender, in ap

tail 20 mm long, the lateral sepals rose, suborbicu Se compressed, 15 mm long, connate 8 mm,

15 mm wide together expanded, the apices cbse eo e, abruptly contracted into ee aE tails

similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, cartilaginous, more or less ovate, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm

ide obtuse, irregularly minutely notched the labellar margin thickened ders a onda

carina ante into a large, thick, incurved process above the base; lip a ovate, 6 mm long, 3 mm

wide, minutely erose above the middle, the apex ms a small, brown, midline callus, the disc essentially

— the ase — eed sii beneath; column white, isteate with a thin, purple

long, the foo

PERU: Amazonas: Bongard, Progreso, collected by

. Arias, cultivated by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT,

27 Dec. 1988, C. Luer 13839 (Holotype: MO); same

locality, epiphytic in cloud forest near El Oso, alt.

000 m, collected by M. Arias A-588, cultivated by

W. Koniger in Munich, Germany, W. Kéniger WK-12

(M, USM, W, Herb. H. Kéniger); Bongaré, Yam-

brasbamba, alt. 1860-2000 m, 2 Mar. 1967, S.S. Til-

lett 673-241 (AMES).

This species was first discovered in

Amazonian Peru by S.S. Tillett in 1967,

the specimen lying unidentified at AMES.

Manuel Arias of Lima made collections

more recently. The leaves of M. cranion

are broadly elliptical, obtuse and petiolate.

The peduncle is held more or less horizon-

tally. The sepals are deeply connate into a

suborbicular sepaline tube with an orange,

ee 5

H ee ;

arcuate, inflated dorsal sepal. The rose- ‘ nod

colored lateral sepals are more or less 5

laterally compressed or convex within

without forming a mentum. The petals rd

—————

and lip are hidden deep within the tube.

ARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDIN.

546

Plate 271. Masdevallia cranion

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 547

asdevallia crassicaulis Luer & J.Portilla, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

76: 148, 1999

Ety.: From the Latin crassicaulis, “‘thick-tail,”’ referring to the sepaline tails.

Syn.: Masdevallia blanda Kéniger, Arcula 10: 266, 2000.

Ety.: From the Latin blandus, “‘pleasant,”’ referring to the flower.

Plant medium in size for the subsection, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender; ramicauls ig

erect, 1.5-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, black, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 8-9

cm long including the slender petiole ca ca. 2. 5 cm 1 Jong, t the blade narrowly elliptical, acute to ruber, 1.2

cm wide flower borne by a slender,

erect pedun ncle 4-5 cm long, with a en at the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 9 mm

long; pedicel 9 mm long; ovary 7 mm long; sepals wis — suffused with pale prac aap the

base, with a small, dark spot above the a glabrous sepal — g, 12mm wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for 9 mm to form a penne tu = cs a aechi See into an

orange, suberect tail 2 te cm a 1 mm thick, the se sepals elliptical, commute . mm into a bifid

lamina 13 mm long, m wi 2 cm long, 1.5

mm thick; petals ca peg 4. 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex “ed subtruncate, the lower

ty ag a sen ein callus ending i in a very small, uncinate process at the base > lip white, aed

pandurate, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, | thirds, the apex

ies on disc kate 4 with very slight elevations along the lateral veins, the base truncate, hinged

beneath; column white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a short extension.

ECUADOR eta Pangui, al

collected 10 May 1997 by J. Portilla, =abvated at

Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Ecuador, Oct. 1999, J. Portil-

la 102 (Holotype: MO), Cc: Luer illustr. 19250; same

collection, cultivated in Munich, Germany, by W.

Kéniger WK-101 (holotype of M. blanda: M).

Apparently endemic in southern

Ecuador, this small species with narrow,

petiolate leaves is similar to many others

of the genus. The single flower is borne

near the middle of the blade of the leaf. It

is distinguished by white sepals lightly

suffused with yellow toward the base, and

thick, orange, more or less straight tails.

The basal tooth of the petals is minute and

uncinate. The lip is white and pandurate,

briefly narrowed between the lower two

thirds and the rounded apical third. The

disc is practically smooth, with barely

visible elevations along the lateral veins.

Plate 272. Masdevallia crass;

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 549

Masdevallia datura Luer & Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 380, 1983.

= Named for the similarity of the flower to “pe flower of the genus Datura of the nightshade

amily. Datura from the Hindu dhatura, “‘a g

mee in — pondered Giri roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-4.5 cm long,

ouceatt y 2-3 thi bular sheaths. L rect, coriaceous, dark Lr agente a elliptical, pay ia

en i. 16 cm na ‘nine the ebie 3-4 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, acute at the apex, the base

owly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a large, solitary Gases ge “ a slender, mr be

eile 6-9 mm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the rantenl: floral bract tubular, 13 mm

long; paar 13- 15 mm long; 0 vary 8-9 mm long; sepals white, lightly veined in yellow toward the

with a either side, membranous, subcarinate, glabrous, the blade of the dorsal sepal

ee obovate, 37 mm lon ng, 13 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 34 mm to form a a long,

horizontal, trumpet-shaped, sepaline tube, the apex ace rene into an erect, slender, yellow tail

5.5-6.5 cm sak the lateral sepals obovate, oblique ong, connate 42 mm, dilated above the tube, 35

mm wide, the obtuse apices contracted into descending — tails 4.5-5.5 cm long; petals white,

narrowly oblong, — nguiculate, 7.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex iets oe i minutely

erose, with a low, rounded oe ae. a yale margin with a longit ending ina

ene: Sg son re trorse process at the base; lip white, ovate, ee 5 mm long, 2. 75 mm sry on APEX i acute,

two low, | d, flat-

oe on ihe end, hinged on the bottom; column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long in-

duiiag the slender, incurved extension.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Inquisivi, epiphytic in cloud

988, C. Luer 13243 (MO); Yungas, alt. 6,000 ft.,

tas H.H. Rusby 2795 (NY).

This showy species was first collected

in the Yungas of Bolivia by Rusby about a

century before its formal description. The

site of the type-collection is now totally

destroyed by the expansion of a small

community. Masdevallia datura is distin-

guished by long, narrow leaves and

peduncles about half as long. The spec-

tacular flower consists of a large, white,

funnel-shaped, sepaline tube with equally long, slender tails. The petals are narrow

with a thick, retrorse process beyond the base, and the lip is ovate and acute, all

deep within the tube out of sight. The species grows easily in cultivation, and well-

grown plants produce numerous flowers simultaneously.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

550

Plate 273. Masdevallia datura

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 551

Masdevallia deniseana Luer & J.Portilla, sp. no

Ety.: Named for Denise Barrow of Royden Orchids, sn Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England.

a haec M. glomerosae Luer & Andreetia ; aitiaste, sed habitu minore, sepalis infra medium

connatis

Plant small, epip lender. Ramicauls yp slender, blackish, 1-1.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 AL ci seach: Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3.5-4.5 cm lo ong hacludding a petiole 1-1.5 cm

_ the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below arts thee petiole. nce a solitary,

ge flower borne by a slender, pee peduncle 4-5.5 cm long, with a bract above the base, from

si om the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8 mm long; pedicel 8 mm psn ary 5-6 mm long; nf ae

yellow-orange t at th glabrous, the dorsal sep vate, curved, ning 14m

long, 8 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a gaping, tu e

rounded, abruptly contracted “ee a slender, eee tail 25 mm long, | the lateral sepals sobquarate 10

mm long, 15 mm wide, connate 3.5 mm, 30 mr tusely

conical mentum, the free oadnk subfalcate. obtuse, contracted into slender tails 25 mm — a to

that of the dorsal sepal; petals none apie thick, : eebobiong, .) mm Lamia - ae wide, the ai x subtrun-

cate, bilobed, the labellar margin

cess above the base; lip light pont evi brown at the apex, picid 5 mm ne: 2.8 mm wide, the apex

rounded, recurved, the disc superficially channeled, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column light

yellow, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long, with a slender, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: between Paute an

Mendez, near Amaluza, alt. 2000 m, collected =.

Gilberto Merino, ee at Ecuagenera in Guala-

ceo, 5 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19669 (Holotype: MO);

cultivated Jan. 2001, by Roy Barrow at Royden

Orchids, Great Missenden, UK, C. Luer 19495 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in

southeastern Ecuador. It is one of several

small vegetatively similar species with a

single, relatively large, yellow or yellow-

orange flower, the others being M. cran-

ion, M. glomerosa and M. medinae.

asdevallia deniseana is distin-

guished by long, slender, sepaline tails, a

concave dorsal sepal, and a conical

mentum formed by the lateral sepals. The

petals are longitudinally callous with a

thick, retrorse process curving inward at

the base. The lip is oblong with thin

margins.

552 ey

Plate 274, Masdevallia deniseana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 553

Masdevallia dreisei Luer, Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. 3: 37, 2001.

Ety.: Named in honor Egon Dreise of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, who collected this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-3 cm long,

a y 2-3 tubular sheaths. erect, coriaceous, helen, 8-9 cm long including the petiole 3.5

ong, the blade elliptical bacute to obtuse, 1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the slender petiole. In-

ieee a solitary, yellow flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 10 cm long, with a bract os

ne _— kets low on the rarnicanl: floral bract tubular, 10 mm long; pedicel 30 mm long; ovary 5 m

y pubescent within, me dorsal meh obovate, 191 mm

ae 141 mm wide, connate to he lateral sepals fo for 14 mm to form a broad, sepaline tube

triangular, obtuse, contracted into a slender tail 10 mm long, the lateral we ovat e, oblique, ca. 22 mm

ong, 11. voi I connate 10 mm, forming a broad mentum with the column- foot, the free portions

acute, contracted into tails ca. 8 mm long; petals i ong, 9 mm long, 4 <i wi ide, t btuse apex ob

1 Ai ve the

base; lip yellow, ovate, 11.5 mm long, 5.5 mm w wide, the apex subacute with a central, midline callus, the

oer hr pont cleft; column white semiterete, 7.5 mm long, the foot 5 mm long with an in-

rved extension 3 mm long.

ECUADOR: Azuay: south of ae! collected Nov.

1988 eo E. Dreise and D. D’ Alessandro, cultivated

by E. Dreise in Calgary, en Ta, 1991, C. Luer

I 4928 are MO).

This species, apparently endemic in the

mountains of southern Ecuador, and

known from a single collection by Dreise

and D’ Alessandro, is related to M. corder-

oana. From the latter, it differs in the

broadly cylindrical, yellow, non-striped,

sepaline tube with tails much shorter than

the blades. The petals are broadly oblong

with the marginal callus ending in a very

short process above the base. The lip is

ovate, broadest in the lower third, with the

apex subacute. The base is cleft and

hinged beneath, 3 mm from the basal

margin.

ee ee

See,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

554

Plate 275, Masdevallia dreisej

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 555

Masdevallia dudleyi Luer, Novon 1: 165, 1991.

Ety.: Named in honor of T.R. Dudley who discovered this species.

it e. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-4.5 cm long,

enclosed 8 2-3 inflated, one sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 10-17 cm long — the

petiole 3-5 cm long, the blade ~~ acute, 2-2. Son cm n wide, cracate ecg to the “am Inflores-

cence a solitary showy flower, born a slender, 9-11 ong, with ab

te from low on the ramicaul; mer bract oblique, 10-12 mm long; veitien! 15-20 ei ovary 7 mm

sepals white, sparsely dotted with purple, suffused with yellow toward the base, pubescent above

te Taek ha Te sepal obovate, concave, 17 mm long, 10 mm w wide, connate to the lateral sepals for

1 mm to ‘oad, sepaline cup, = apex obtuse, c ontracted into a slender tail 29-31 mm long, the

lateral “aa ae oblique, 17 mm long, 10 mm wide, connate 10 mm to create a broad, shallow,

ondary m m and a shallow mentum with the column- foot, the apices obtuse, contracted into

yond the base; lip o blong, 8 mm long, 3: 25 mm ' wide, the apex et unded, decurved, with three

smooth, rounded calli, th x, the bas ahcoas slighty c concave, hinged

beneath; column semiterete, 7 mm long, the foot 3. cm ai peer sac ieitia an incurved ex

RU: Ayacucho: Prov. La Mar, eastern Massif of

i Cordillera Central opposing the Cordillera Vilca-

oe epiphytic in hepatic forest, along Inca tra il

een Huanhuachayo and Punccu, alt. 2920-3400

m, 33 Aug. 1968, 7.R. Dudley 11975 (Holotype: US;

Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 12984.

This species is apparently endemic in

southeastern Peru where it is probably not

rare, but, nevertheless, known only from

the original collection by Dudley in 1968.

It is similar to M. laevis and allied species.

Vegetatively, M. dudleyi is not re-

markably different: the leaves are elliptical

and distinctly petiolate, and the peduncle

carries the flower to the middle of large

leaves, or beyond small leaves. Mostly

white with purple dots, the gaping flowers

are shortly pubescent within. The petals

are narrowly oblong with a slender mar-

ginal carina terminating in a retrorse

process that projects beyond the base of

the petal. The lip is oblong, shallowly

concave at the cordate base, and tricallous

at the apex.

ava

‘

;

556 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 276, Masdevallia dudleyi

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA oof

Masdevallia elachys Luer, Selbyana 2: 373, 1978.

Ety.: From the Greek elachys, “‘small, short, or low,” in reference to the stature of the plant.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls ere slender, 8-15 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, loose, pe sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 3-7 cm long including

the petiole 1. 5-4 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, eve cm wide, narrow

iole. Inflo

middle, the dorsal sepal narrowly obovate, 14 mm long, 4.5 mm met connate to ateral sepals for 9

mm into a cylindrical sepaline sie the irae postion | triangular, wee cute apex co ontracted into a slender,

wan tail 13 mm long, the 1 with a mentum

ow the column-foot, the triangular free portions and tails similar to those of the dorsal sepal; pe

van oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex truncate, minutely trilobed, with a callus on the in

lar margin below the middle +7 roduced a a thick, blunt, retrorse tooth; lip light yellow, speckled w

red- eae oblong- i ht .25 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex obtusely short-acuminate, in wale

oe ot epee prices a low pair of flog ona calli, the base subcordate,

th; column red erete ng y long with an incurved antl

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: near Siberia, collected out of

flower by Helen Kuhn, Aug. 1976, cultivated by J & as

L Orchids, Easton, CT, 20 Apr. 1978, C. Luer 2893 as

(Holotype: SEL); same area, alt. 2500 m, 4 Dec. x

1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, F. Fuchs et al. 3600 (SEL).

This small, not too handsome member ak ae

of subsection Masdevallia was discovered , cig

in 1978 at J & L Orchids, Easton, Connec- 5 Hy

ticut, growing among the roots of a culti- ;

vated plant of M. yungasensis that had

been collected in Bolivia by Helen Kuhn en

in 1976. For two years the stowaway A i

persisted nameless until it was recognized ‘ie a

in April 1978. Later the same year, flow-

ering plants were discovered in the origi-

nal locality, also growing in the proximity

of M. yungasensis near the tiny community of Siberia in the department of Santa

ruz.

Masdevallia elachys is distinguished by the small, long-petiolate leaves, and a

short peduncle bearing a small, whitish, tubular flower slightly suffused with

brown, with slender tails spreading from the shortly pubescent interior. The petals

have a basal tooth, and the yellow, ligulate lip is marked with red-purple.

558 — sane

Plate 277. Masdevallia elachys

fim oo

aiid iere iat ie dt) | AS bee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 559

Masdevallia elegans Luer & Escobar, Selbyana 5: 153, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin elegans, ‘‘elegant,” referring to the fine qualities of the species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots were ro wneege blackish, slender, erect, 2.5-6

Leaf erec’

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. aceous, Ape olate, 7-15 cm long ee

ing the petiole 2.5- Ss. 5 cm long, the blade elliptical, 1.8-3. “ie cm fees the

cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a ihaeg showy flower borne by an erect, slender pare en

m long, with a bract near es base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract aches 10-14 mm long;

pedal 10-28 mm oe 6-9 m a iene sepal white, lightly suffused in rose, more or less

veined in purple, glabrous, mel 18 mm “pie 14

mm wide, connate to oe lateral sepals for to

forma cylindrical, sepaline tube, the om par

triangular with the subacute apex contracted into

nder, forwardly directed, yellowish tail 2-3 cm

long al se white, generously suffused, dott

or veined with rose, m a. —

= slender tails 1.5-2.5 cm long; petals white,

ong,9m mm wide, the apex broadly

obuse, Shacertly apiculate to retuse, the labellar margin

ith a Ss; s, obtusely angled between

vn unguiculate ne third and the middle on lip

rose h purple dots, oblong, 13 mm long, 6 mm

wide, tte apex obtuse, lightly reflexed, the base

tet pine hinged beneath; column white with the

margins purple, semiterete, 9 mm long, the apex

oe daniels, the foot 4 mm long, with an

incurved extension

PERU: Cajamarca: San err — by R.

Stiimpfle, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja,

Colombia, 21 Oct. 1979, C. Luer 4083 (Holotype:

SEL; Isotype: JAUM); same collection, cultivated by

Colomborquideas, 16 May 1993, C. Lue r 16873

jura: Huancabamba, alt. 3000 m, Oct. 1984,

collected by M. Arias A-366, ee Munich,

Peng Seg = Kéniger s.n. (K, M, SEL, USM,

erb. H. Kéniger); same collection, ieuaed 22

a 1985, C Let 11401 (MO).

This pretty species is known from two

localities in northern Peru, the two popula-

tions varying slightly in floral details.

Masdevallia elegans is characterized by

relatively large, long-petiolate leaves and a

large, showy flower borne by a compara-

tively short peduncle. The dorsal sepal is

mostly white while the lateral sepals are

diffusely suffused with rose, with the three

veins usually darker. As in many species,

the purple color varies in intensity from

very pale to dark. The white petals are

broadly unguiculate, and the large lip is

oblong with a dark callus a short distance

from the margin.

Plate 278. Masdevallia elegans

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

560

Plate 279. Masdevallia elegans

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 561

a encephala Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 13: 56, 1978.

m the Greek encephalos, “the brain,”’ in fancied allusion to the appearance of the flower.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 2-3

cm _ pe by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 7-14 cm long including the

petiole ole ats Scm coe the blade elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1 3. 1.8 cm wide, the base cu-

t , blackish petiole. Inflo OneaneNCe & single flower bore by an erect, slender pedun-

cle 5- sn in with a bract near 9 mm long;

pedicel 10-12 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm con: wok connate into a globose flower, the dorsal sepal

yellow-green, suffused with rose, oblong, arcuate, concave, 18 mm long, 7 mm wide unexpanded, con-

nate to the lateral i vo —— 9mm —— the middle = loo oosely adherent above the middle to

within a of th , the apex truncate, abruptly contracted into as ee ee reflexed,

yellow-green tail 20 mm sates the sed sepals purple, why inflated , oblique, connate 9 mm int

deeply s saceate synscpal, 9 mm long, 11 mm wide caneapeantiel, with a broad, deep, s aites ute, posteriorly

, closely parallel a similar to that of the

dorsal sepal; “ego a waite ‘oblong, oe = mm long, Zz me wae ian a neonesien oy na —

late, the labellar with a em at lip rose

purple dots, eine! re mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex subtruncate with a nan dso eo black

callus at the center, the ‘margins microscopically erose, ed we with an dering t pair of low, gee

al calli, t t ; colum

terete, 4mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm long, with a soi acauaree extension.

COLOMBIA: ee es Munic. of Charala, bet-

ween Virolin and Péramo de la Rusia, alt. 2200-2600

m, 1975, collected by J a evara, cultivated by M. &

we obledo at La Ceja, R. Escobar 1682 (Holotype:

AUM); same collection, cultivated 12 Oct. 1977, C.

ae 2005 (SEL); El Taladro near Virolin, alt. 2400

m, ee ted by E. Valencia Nov. 1986, cultivated at

Colomborquideas, 17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13245

(MO): cloud forest west of Velez toward Landazuri,

pnt and at Rio Pémeca, alt. 2500 m,

Portillo 7568 (SEL).

This species is known fondly as “the

brain.’’ The inflated flower was first

thought to be a monstrous form of some

species related to M. caudata, but it is now

known to occur abundantly in several

localities in the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia.

Vegetatively similar to many other

species of the genus, it can be immediately

identified by the distinctive flower. The

inflated sepals, deeply connate into a suborbicular flower, converge at the apices to

form a small, rounded aperture only three to four millimeters wide. It is surrounded

by three slender, bristle-like tails. The upper tail reflexes acutely against the bulg-

ing ‘forehead’ of the flower, while the other two tails point forward. The petals,

lip and column are out of view deep within the flower. The petals have a short,

blunt process at the base. The lip is oblong with the apical callus a short distance

from the edge as in M. caudata.

562 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 280. Masdevallia encephala

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 563

Masdevallia ensata Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 818, 1850.

Ety.: From the Latin ensatus, “‘sword-shaped,” i to the shape of the leaves.

Syn.: Masdevallia xiphium Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl., rt. Spec Nov. Regni oe. Beih. 34: 78, 1925.

Ety.: From the Greek xiphos, “‘a sword,” moet niin to the shape of the leaf.

medium in size, oe caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-3 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 10-15 cm long including

the slender, 3-5 cm long p petiole, the blad 2 cm nie cuneate below into

the slender petio! le. li y flower borne by a slender, exect pedunc e 7-9 cm lon ng, with

a bract near the base, from low on th i ng; pedicel 0-13 soe long; —

4 mm long; sepals creamy white, each with 3 red veins, slabrous, ‘the dorsal sepal obovate, 26-40 m

long including the blade, mn os mm wide, commen to = lateral sepals for 7-10 mm to =e a ‘cyli indrical

tube, the free portion into a suberect, slender, yellow-green tail

15-25 mm long, the lateral sepals eee i0-18 mm m long, evens 7-10 mm “on o a lamina 8-14

mm wide, th 15-20 mm long; petals white,

— with purple > along the center a on the labellar half, oblong, € s: 7 mm as, cs 3 mm wide, » the

cate apex shortly pee bluntly apiculate to tuse, the labellar marg

ina pete retrorse too base; lip cromnceiacell; suffused with red ee the 3

veins and at the valiar sme n at the apex, oblo oe oa ong, 3.25-3.5 mm a =

broadly obtuse, recurved, with a central, marginal ca callus, the base cordate, deeply retu aaa

hinged beneath; column white with purple margins, semiterete, 6-7 mm long, the stout ay 3mm nes

with a slender, incurved extension 2 mm long.

VENEZUELA: Mérida: La Culata, alt. 7,000-8,000

ft., May-June 1847, L. gt 1543 (Holotype: W;

Isotypes: BM, BR, G, K, LD, P), C. Luer illustr.

2700 m, 12 Apr. 1949, J. Renz 5349 (BAS); Canale-

jos, alt. 2800 m, 30 Apr. 1949, J. Renz 5239 (BAS);

M d El Molino, alt. 28 1 949, J. a!

Renz 5433 (BAS); Fundacién, Rio Quinimari, alt he

m, 16 May 1, J. Renz 7018 (BAS); same a

Renz 6100 (BAS); La Aguada, between Mérida and

os Nevados, alt. 3200 m, ca. 1950, J. Renz aie

(BAS); Mérida, from El Valle toward Cordillera d

Norte, alt. 2500 m, 19 July 1951, J. Renz 7297 (B AS): Sierra del Norte, alt. 2900 m, 6-8 Oct. 1953, H.

Humbert 26757 (P); hea Feb. 1969, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1107 (SEL), . Luer illustr. 8162; La

Mu i & F. Pannier 1351 (VEN); El Valle, sing 98 of Mérida, alt. ca, 2700

m, 8 Apr 1969, H. Hertel, B. “d F eee 15541 (M); Mérida, Finca Las Nieves alt. 3000 m, Apr.

1980, F. Delastio & E. Mondolfi 9121 (VEN); Péramo de Tam4, above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m, 15

July 1944, J.A. Steyermark 57311 (AMES); Paramo de Tamé, alt. 2750-2950 m, 20 May 1967, J.A.

Steyermark, G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 98516 (AMES, VEN);

This species occurs in westernmost Venezuela, where it was first collected near

Mérida by Louis Schlim. It is most closely related to M. laevis, from which it diff-

ers in creamy white sepals striped with red or purple instead of yellow or tan and

variously spotted with purple or brown. The profile of the flower differs in that the

sepaline tube is more cylindrical instead of funnel-shaped or triangular. Masdeval-

lia ensata differs from the rusty-brown-flowered M. ustulata with a longer sepaline

tube with more deeply connate sepals. From both the above, M. ensara is further

i Sp by the short process at the base of the petals, a deeply incised base of

ip, and a slender, two-millimeter-long extension of the column-foot.

eetesieath also had a single flower and two buds of a collection of unknown

origin. Krinzlin described these scraps as M. xiphium for Reichenbach 35 years

after his death. A rehydrated flower confirms M. ensata. Masdevallia ustulata was

erroneously identified as M. ensata in Thesaurus Masdevalliarum-15.

564 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 281. Masdevallia ensata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 565

Masdevallia exquisita Luer & Hirtz, Li indleyana 8: 44, 1993.

Ety.: From the Latin exquisitus, “‘choice, excellent,” in reference to the flower.

Plant medi epiphytic Ramicauls slender, sen ae 1.5-

2.5 cm long, enclosed vo 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 6-11.5 cm

long including a petiole 2-4 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1.1-1.6 cm wide, narrowly cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a slender, t peduncle 4-4. am cm long,

with a thin bract near the base, from near the base of a ramicaul; floral bract tubul ar, 10-11 mm long;

pedicel 10-15 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm long; sepals membranous, snow white, suffused with bright

dorsal sepal eset ae vee i Tomy, 13 mm wide at the junction with the lateral — — to the

lateral sepals for bruptly con-

tracted into a slender, yellow-green tail. 5 cm long, the lateral sepals ent, obtuse, a 15 mm long,

connate 9 mm into a lamina 20 mm broad foot, the apices contract-

ed into ses tails peer to that of the — sepal; petals white, oblong, with the apes trunca ate and

—— y 3-1 ste mm wid

an i aes ‘ocess at the base; lip ye a. oblong-subpandurat e, 7 mm long expanded, 3 mm wide, the

mere acute, shinee, black, the disc essentially featureless, the base subtruncate, a? beneath;

column white, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a short, incurved extens

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Prov. of Nor Yungas, epiphytic

in trees along a quebrada west of Coroico, alt. ca.

1800 m, collected 27 Aug. 1991, cultivated by A.

Hirtz in Quito, Ecuador, 29 Jan. 1992, C. Luer 16193

(Holotype: MO)

Masdevallia exquisita is apparently

endemic in the forested valleys east of La

Paz in north-central Bolivia. The ellipti-

cal, petiolate leaves of this species are

indistinguishable from those of the majori-

ty of the medium-sized species of subsec-

tion Masdevallia.

Although the medium-sized, bell-

shaped to shallow-bowl-shaped flower is

basically similar to many of the other

members of the subsection, it is easily

pi a8 by the snow white sepals

ith a brilliant crimson suffusion on the

middle third or half, and orange toward the

base. The sepals are sparsely long-pubes-

cent above the middle within. The sepa-

line tails are long and slender. The black

tip of the lip is acute and deflexed.

566 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 282. Masdevallia exquisita

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 567

Masdevallia falcago Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensis 1: 16, 1878.

uit From the Latin nett “sickle. -shaped,”’ and the suffix -ago, ae to the falcate sepals.

, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 131, 1922.

= From the Greek trionyx, “three-clawed, ” referring to the three, ao "curved, sepaline tails.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots ocoryae Ramicauls blackish,

a slender, 0.5-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, more or less

led with black dorsally, narrowly elliptical- -linear, acute, 5-9 cm long, 0. 4.0. 6 cm wide, gradually

wed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne "mn a slender, erect

peduncle, 5- 6. 5 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6-7

m long; pedicel 7-19 mm long; ovary black, 3 mm long; sepals light green to yellow, glabrous, the

re orsal sepal saceinls ovate, 27 mm inn long, 5 mm wide, connate io te lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a

ss sepaline tube, th flattened we te eee ots

arrow us obtuse apex, the | lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 20 mm long, 5 mm wide, co o form

an abru n-foot, the it portions triangular, cobs ae nar-

rowed into tails similar to that of | the dorsal ser white, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide,

with the apex rounded, the labellar half longitudinally retina lip greenish white, ee 5 mm ee

mm wide, minutely erose above the middle, with the apex truncate, shortly recurved, the base geo

a beneath; column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a long, incurved ex ten-

sion

COLOMBIA: Without oe nse Purdie s.n. (Holo-

type: W; Isotype K). Norte de Santander: Sierr

a ray 738 (holotype of M. te i

stroy aramo

“ aa ‘alt 2500 m, 30 Apr. 1982, C. Lu

J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. oe 7684 (SEL); owe

de Pozo, alt. 2400 m, 5 May , C. Luer, J. Luer,

R. Escobar & D. Portillo ae (AMES, MO, SEL).

Santander: east of Bucaramanga toward Berlin, alt.

, 7 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar &

E. Valencia 10193 (MO).

This species is endemic in the Eastern

Cordillera of Colombia where it was first

collected independently by Purdie and

Kalbreyer over a century ago. It is charac-

terized by a dense clump of narrowly ellip-

tical leaves that are more or less mottled

with gray or black. Often many of the

single, yellow-green flowers are produced

simultaneously. The sepals are connate

midway into a shallow, sepaline

cup. The tails are thickened, flattened and

recurved, the tail of the dorsal sepal more

or less decurved between the tails of the laterals. The oblong petals are merely

thickened along the labellar margin without forming a process. The lip is oblong

with a broadly obtuse, recurved apex.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 283. Masdevallia falcago

eee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 569

ae figueroae Luer, ah a soe = Feces 1978.

Named in honor of Sr. Luis Figueroa of ador, co-discoverer of this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. pees erect, stout, Pa 7cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, imbricating, tubular sheaths. erect, coriaceous with prominent lateral veins,

petiolate, 8- li cm song! including the petiole 1-3 cm long, the blade eihipeeal, ps 1 ot 5 cm wide,

the b nflorescence a solitary, showy flower borne by an erect,

| peduncle “! : cm long, with a — near the base, from high on aes ramicaul Sige bey annulus,

often —— vi ous pedunc es; floral pane nncny ailaghie thie ca greens 15 mm long;

ovary 5. “" aos ite to li d ses lavender

to purple, ee Scuiiie shortly ee within, the | pubescence white to red, the dorsal =

often purple, obovate, 16 mm long, 6.5-8 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 8-14 mm to form

cylindrical, slightly curved tube, portion triangular, acute, contracted into a slender, erect, pati

tail 15-30 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 18-22 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, connate 7-13 mm,

the acute apices narrowed into orange tails 15-25 mm long; petals white, marked with purple, oblong, 5-

i us, sometimes minutel

ecu ae 5.5-6.5 mm long, 2.75-3.5 mm wide | below he ‘middle, the apical portion white, obtuse,

often callous at the obtuse apex, the disc with a pair of low, thick, longitudinal calli, the base subcordate,

cleft, hinged mee iW; rai Se white, marked with purple, semiterete, 4-5 mm long, the foot stout with an

elongate, incurved exten

ECUADOR: a epiphytic in cloud

forest south of Yangana near Valladolid, alt. 2600 m,

July 1975, ears. by W. — L. Figueroa & D

bhai cultivated by O. Arango near Medellin,

Colombia, 24 Jan. 1978, Cc. Luer 2325 (Holotype:

D’ Alessandro 7120 (S ee same area, alt. 2600 m, 23

Mar. 1985, uer, J. L . Hirtz & W. Flores

10918 (MO); s same area, celia by A. Andreetta &

M. Portilla, flowered at Paute, 24 md 988, C. Luer

13667 (MO); same area, collected by B. Malo

oo cultivated at Tarqui near Cuenca by Malo,

26 Oct. 1982, (small-flowered form) C. Luer 8196

(SEL): "Nudo de Sabanilla, between Yangana and

a alt. 2700 m, 4 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L.

er. pp 6 ).

mazonas: Without locality, obtained from

dh Meza 7 cultivated by Maduro’s Tropical Orchids,

Cerro Punta, Chiriqui, Panama, 15 Nov. 1998, C.

Luer 18994 (MO).

This uncommon species is variable in

size and color in its distribution in south-

ern Ecuador and northern Peru. The large-

flowered variation was first discovered by

Walter Teague, Luis Figuero and David

elisch.

Vegetatively, plants are distinguished by petiolate leaves and elongated rami-

cauls that produce single-flowered peduncles from near the middle, between the

base and the abscission layer. The pale rose, purple-flecked sepals are connate into

a cylindrical tube. The sepals also are variously suffused and striped in purple

along the midveins. The petals are broad, speckled with purple, and callous on the

labellar half with an obtuse, basal tooth. The lip is slightly pandurate, shallowly

channeled between a pair of longitudinal calli, and with an apical callus and cleft

A smaller-flowered variation (Plate 285) grows within the Ecuadorian distribu-

tion, and an even smaller-flowered variation (Plate 286) occurs in northern Peru.

eh Ae noe

bane

oe Masdevallia figueroae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 571

Plate 285. Masdevallia figueroae

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 573

a gilbertoi Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 13: 75, 1978.

.: Named in honor of Sr. Gilberto — R. of Medellin, Colombia, who was the first Masde-

pete to cultivate this specie

Pl , epiphyt ts slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, ae ‘ 2

cm long, enclosed by 2- 3 loose, par sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, toot petiolate, 7-13 cm long

including the petiole 2-5 cm long, the blade soy subacute to obtuse, 2-3 cm wide, narrowly can

below “a - peti iole deeming a solitary, showy flower born by a sle a ep rect peduncle 6-10 cm

long, w b apa ow on pri ramicaul; floral sack se tubular, 8-9 mm long;

pedicel 5. ey mm ovary ae g; sepals white, suffused with orange toward the base, variously

spotted or suffused with purple, lars, a dorsal cape obovate, — a mm fee 8 mm wide, connate

to the lateral sepals for 9 mm to form a conical, sepali be, the rounded free portion contracted into a

slender, orange, forwardly directed tail 4. 3. 5. 5c es he coe ary decussate, meine to 7 or 8cm

long including the long, attenuated apices and tails, 5-6 mm es “rail : mm to form a secon

mentum, the contracted base forming a short primary mentum with the mn- en petals te

pri —- 6 aes re ng, 3 — wide, the labellar margin ers a btn callus terminating in

slend ; lip white, suffused and dotted with rose, oblong-subpandu-

rate, 6 mm a , 2.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, reflexed, the disc with a low pair

the base po Semler hinged on the end; column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 21 mm long with

a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Risaralda: Anserma, alt. 2000 m,

vated at La Ceja, Oct.1977, C. Luer 1927 (SEL); west

slopes of Tatamé, in the Arraganel, alt. 2000 m,

without date, F.C. Lehmann t. 276 (K, W); Pueblo

Rico, Cerro Tatamé, alt. 2300 m, collected by G

ach 1987, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 17 Apr.

1988, C. Luer 13248 (MO).

One plant of this spectacular species

was collected near Anserma in the de-

partment of Risaralda, and cultivated near

Medellin, Colombia, by Sr. Gilberto

Escobar, for whom it was named. For

years, other plants were sought, but in

vain. In 1987, the species was finally re-

discovered on the slopes of Cerro Tatama

in Risaralda.

In Reichenbach’s herbarium an uniden-

tified watercolor painting of a flower,

made by Consul Lehmann in the nine-

teenth century, was believed to be this species, but with no data. Using obscure

clues, it was recently united with an unidentified herbarium ei now with

collection data. Lehmann’s collection is also from Cerro Tatam

The flowers are distinctive with the long, forwardly adil tail of the dorsal

sepal and the long, crossed, reflexed tails of the lateral sepals.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

574

Plate 287. Masdevallia gilbertoi

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 575

Masdevallia glandulosa K6niger, on Orchidee 30: 76, 1979; emend. 36: 87, a

Ety.: From the Latin glandulosus, “bearing glands,” referring to the integument of the

medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 1-3

cm act eee by 2-3 dark, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 7-12 cm long including the pe-

tiole 3-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1.5-2.2 cm wise, ae base narrowly cuneate into the

a ae Inflorescence a single flower borne ~ a slender e 4-5 cm long, with a bract near

e base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 9-10 mm long; pedicel white, 12 mm long; ovary

I pals

sepaline tube, the free portion rounded with the apex contracted into a slender tail 3.5 cm long, orange

above the middle, al lateral se ab obovate, oblique, 2. 25 mm long, 10-14 mm wide, connate to each

other for 12 mm, the apices subacute, contracted into tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals

white, oblong, 5. . mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the — si pba obscurely bilobed, the | iabellar

margin with a longitudinal carina ending in an oblon ; lip

white, suffused with rose, cunea te-obovate, 5. 5 mm eo 3h mm es the broadly obtuse apex c contracted

into a short, narrow segment t with a unig d

nent, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long, with an incurved extension.

PERU: Amazonas: epiphytic on thick, mossy trunks,

between n Bab and cs. alt. 1200 m, Aug.

1978, niger, H. Kéniger, B. Wiirstle & E.

Lopez olor SEL; clonotypes: K, M); sa

collection, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 20 Apr.

1988, C. Luer 13280 (MO).

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud

forest above Zumba, alt. 1800 m, collected by D

D’ Alessandro, Jan. 1988, cultivated by B. Malo at

Tarqui, 25 May 1988, C. Luer 13682 (MO)

This handsome species occurs locally

in southeastern Ecuador and northern

Peru. Vegetatively similar to many other

species of the genus, M. glandulosa is

easily identified by the bright rose-colored

flowers. They are highly fragrant of

cinnamon. The sepals are connate about

midway into a tube, and the free portions

are conspicuously glandular-pubescent

within. An oblong process descends from

the base of the petals. The lip is cuneate

with the broadly obtuse apex contracted

into a short, decurved segment with a dark

callus.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 288. Masdevallia glandulosa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA S71

Masdevallia glomerosa Luer & Andreetta, Lindleyana 6: 87, 1991.

Ety.: From the Latin glomerosus, “‘like a ball,”’ referring to the orbicular shape of the flower.

medium in size, epiphytic, oo roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.5-2 cm long,

enc diseat y 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-6 c cm —_ —_ a petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long,

wd blade ee sari 1.5-1.8 cm eas cuneate below

bose orange flower borne by a slender, erect nissan 4. ney cm long, with a bract above

me base, rs ie on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10 mm long; pedicel 10-12 mm long; ovary 3

; sepals orange with a Page porple spot at the base, glabrous, the dors al sepal obovate, curved,

concave, 14 mm long, 9 mm um to form a subglobose,

tube, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into a slender, erect, yellow tail 20 mm long, the lateral

sepals oe oblong, 12mm long, 7 mm wide, connate 6 mm into . inflated lamina 16 mm broad

Pp d, abruptly contacted into slender tails 18 mm long, similar to that of

the Tees sepal; petals white, thick, subtrian angular, 5 mm long, 2 mm poy 3 mm wide above the base,

the apex subtruncate, tridentate, the labellar margin pa a longitudinal callus ending in a thick, retrorse

process at the base; lip orange with the apex dark purple, oblong, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the sides

obtusely angled above the middle, the apex truncate, — recurved, with a midline callus, the disc

aemeie channeled, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the

foot 3 mm long, with a slender, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic i a

of Paute, alt. ca. 1800 m

Andreetta, cultivated at Paute, Feb. 1990, = ley

strém 1477 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 14913.

This species was discovered by Padre

Angel Andreetta and cultivated by him at

Paute in southern Ecuador. The orange,

subglobose flower is most similar to that

of the Peruvian M. cranion, but the orange

color is similar to that of M. limax with

which it is sympatric. The sepals are

deeply connate into an inflated flower with

the rounded apices of the sepals contracted

into slender tails. Together, the latera

sepals form a broad, shallow mentum.

The petals are longitudinally callous with

a thick, retrorse process at the base. The

lip is thin with the margins slightly de-

flexed above obtuse, marginal angles.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 579

Masdevallia guayanensis Lindl. ex ines J. Bot. 2: 673, 1843.

Pina Named for nea the —- of ori

li& ae Ernstia 44; 15, 1987.

= Named for the illustrator, Bruno José Manara

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 1,5-2

cm iat oe by 2-3 thin, close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, , acute,

6-12 ¢ ng including an indistinct petiole 1.5-3 cm long, 1.3-1.8 cm wide, gradually narrowed below

into a aoe base. iabmeceies a single flower borne by a slender, suberect peduncle, 10-13

cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 7 mm long;

et 12 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals white, glabrous, the blade of the dorsal sepal obovate, 13

ong, 6 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 8 mm into a cylindrical tube, the free portion

aecee acute, contracted into an erect, slender, greenish white tail ca. . cm dhiews the lateral sepals

obovate, oblique, ere a 16 mm long, 7 mm wide, connate 5 mm, the apices acute, contracted into

tails similar to but er than that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, pat rae mm long, 2.25 mm wide,

the x stains ater the labellar margin with a low, longitudinal callus in in a short, obtuse

tooth bei n the middle and lower thirds; lip white, oblong, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex yellowish

white, va tuse, with microscopically erose margins, with a low callus in the phn the disc shallowly

sulcate between a low, longitudinal pair of calli,the base subtrui truncate, ‘ue: z beneath; column white,

semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with an incurved extensi

GUYANA: “Interior of British Guayana,’’ Roraima

expedition, 1839, R. Cow 1026 (Holotype: K;

Isotypes: AMES, BM, B

VENEZUELA: Guyana hen collected by Mark

Chase, cultivated at Great econ eis 15 Dec.

1986, C. Luer 11646 (MO). Amazonas: Rio Negro,

ig de La Neblina, alt. 1850 m, 1, 29 N Nov. 1984, W.

R. Anderson 13415 (holotype of M. manarana: VEN

isotype: MICH).

This species was first collected by

Richard Schomburgk, German botanist

and explorer, while on the Roraima expe-

dition in British Guyana in 1839. It is

rarely collected today because of the

remoteness of its habitat in the highlands

of Guyana and neighboring Venezuela. Its

identity was confused with the Costa

Rican M. attenuata when the type of the

latter in the Reichenbach herbarium was annotated by Krianzlin as M. guayanensis.

Masdevallia guayanensis is characterized by a single, white, tubular flower pro-

duced on a long, weak peduncle. The acute apices of the sepals are contracted into

slender, greenish tails. The petals are truncate with an obtuse tooth between the

middle and lower thirds. The apex of the oblong lip is obtuse with a low callus, and

the disc is free of longitudinal calli.

Piste 290. Masdevalia guayanensis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 581

Masdevallia hartmanii Luer, Lindleyana 9: 106, 1994.

Ety: Named in ae of the late Hartman Eudaldo sineioun of Vilcabamba, Ecuador, who discov-

ered this specie

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls sine blackish, erect, 8-10 mm long,

enclosed oo 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf ne coriaceous, long-pe e, 3.5-5 cm long including the

1.5-2 cm ne petiole, the blade pale sets pe speckle ed with ren ‘elliptical, subacute, 8-10 mm

wide, th d with black. ge vane go a single race sg ey

a slender, suberect — . te 10-12 mm | cag, feo low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubu

long; pedicel 6 mm long mm long; sepals rose- i a yellow toward the base “ae 3 dae

purple stripes on the Pint nei glabrous, ie blade of the dorsal s sepal ag 11 mm long, 7 mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 8 a broad the apex broadly rounded,

abruptly contracted into a yellow, reflexed tail 15 mm long, thickened in ney distal half, the lateral sepals

more or ss ovate, aan obli mie, 10 bossa long, 6 mm wide, connate 4 mm, the apices obtuse, con-

, Similar to that of the ie sepal; petals yellow, scone

ovate-triangular, narrowed t an irregularly acute apex, fe mm ek 25 mm wide above the base, the

sec —- with a longit nac wee nr

peckled with brown, elliptcal-ablong, 4mm a koe = mm n wide, the sides with rounded expansions on the

middle sak: ne apex rounded, recurved, v sulcate, the base sub-

truncate, hinged ccecsiie apereniae ah ike with pete margins, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 3

mm long with an incurved extension

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in forest

east of Palanda, alt. ca. 2000 m, collected by Hart-

man Mendoza, 1993, cultivated Feb. 1994, obtained

from M. Portilla via J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, C.

Luer 17118 (Holotype: MO)

This little species was one of the last

discoveries of Hartman Mendoza who was

lost in a tragic accident in a bus. After his

death, the single plant was cared for short-

ly by the Portilla brothers until it was

given at the request of Dennis D’ Alessan-

dro to J & L Orchids for cultivation and

identification.

Masdevallia hartmanii is distinguished

by the small, broadly cylindrical flower

borne by a short peduncle. The sepals are

rose-colored, the dorsal with three purple

stripes. The bright yellow tails are slightly

longer than the blades and thickened

above the middle. The petals are triangular

and acute. The oblong lip is dilated on the

middle third of each side into a rounded

expansion.

582 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 291. Masdevallia hartmanii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 583

Masdevallia heideri K6niger, Die Orchidee 42: 8, 1991.

Ety.: N: dinh f Hel Heid ho first collected thi

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, — caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls blackish, slender,

erect, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, — iolate, 4-8 cm

long including the petiole 1.5-3 cm long, ‘te on narrowly —_— subacute, 1.5-2 cm wide, the base

cuneate into the blackish petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flo wer, ae bya slender, ndaine peduncle

i ; floral bract 7-8 mm long; pedicels

7-1 mm long; aveny om a long; Sinko — brownish sistas intensely spotted and su with

bro ternally, pubescent abo

erb

wi ve the middle, the trichomes simple or

espitose, the do orsal ia narrowly cbovate, concave, ei 17 mm long, 8 mm wide e expanded, connate

as the lateral sepals for 10-11 mm to form an arcuate, ine tube, the apex broadly obtuse, abruptly

ontracted into a forwardly directed, 1 mm thick, olive-colored tail 8- 10 mm long, the | lateral wis s 12-

7m m long, connate 9-10 mm into a bifid, m m wide,

obtuse, contracted into tails similar to that 2 ‘ dorsal sepal; petals translucent, marked with dark

purple, ee 10 mm long, 4 mm wide, the apex obscurely bi- or tridentate, with a longitudinal

carina along the labellar margin terminating at the base in a broad, thick, descending, dark

cess, with the tip incurved; lip tan, marked with purple, the spots confluent below the middle, oblong, 5

mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex obtuse, apiculate, hag the disc - shallowly channeled, the base thick

and deep

terete, 4mm long, with a foot equally long including a slender extension 2 mm long.

white, stout, semi-

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Samaipata, Rio Bermejo, alt.

1700 m, collected by H. Heider, P. Horn & R.

date unknown, cultivated by W. Kéniger in Munich, Ai

Germany, date unkno

090 m, 8 Sept. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & a al

D. Ric 15415 (MO). —

This species occurs in cool moist for- } .

ests of central Bolivia where it grows S a

abundantly. Unfortunately, these forests K

are currently in the process of being cut ‘ —_ one

and burned. Much less frequent in the 1 ng t.

same forest M. ricii also is to be found. y, Thing L

Although this species appears superficially 4 > J

to belong to section Coriaceae, itis a

member of subsection Masdevallia of ta hii

section Masdevallia by virtue of the non-ventricose, sepaline tube; a large, inflexed

process at the base of the petals; and a thin, non-verrucose lip. Although closely

related to M. ricii with which it grows, this species is obviously distinct in the

shorter peduncles, shorter sepaline tube intensely spotted and suffused with dark

brownish purple, and short, thick tails. The morphology of the petals and lip is

similar.

tee,

bas

584

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

arr oaN

ree, a ten

Plate 292. Masdevallia heideri

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 585

sag ON RR helenae Luer, Selbyana 2: 374, 1978.

amed in honor of Helen Kuhn, formerly of Easton, CT, who first collected this species.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls er erect,

slender, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-9 cm long includ-

ing an indistinct petiole 2- 3 cm long, the blade - narrowly obovate, subacute to mang r. 2 1.8 cm wide,

gradual Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne = a slender,

erect to sabecnct peduncle, 4-5 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from joe on the rami ral

bract tubular, - 6 mm ares ie 6-8 mm long; ovary 7-8 mm long; sepals light aie pom: ‘below

the middle, f: , each sepal with 3 purple veins, glabrous.

the dorsal _— obovate, 14 mm n long, 61 mm wide, connate t to the lateral akg: ae a mm as a eylindri-

cal, sepaline tu r, yello

18 mm long, the lateral ni oblong, oblique, 15 mm long, 5 mm wide, comnate ry mm to form a —

low mentum, the apices subacute, to that of rsal sepal; petals w

marked with ey vines ©: ee i BO me 7 mm benece with the — comet lobed, the abetinn

margin with a thick, lon thick, obtu

above the base; lip red-orange, peo with darker eo tae 6mm io ong g, 2.5 mm wide, with the apex

yellow, subacute, the disc shallowly sulcate between a low, parallel pair of longitudinal calli, the base

ag hinged beneath; column aay with the margin purple, semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 3

m long, with a slender, incurved extens

without more specific locali- a

Cochabamba e, Rio Panteén Mayu, 1100 a

m, 12 Dec. oe «i Wee pr (Herb. aoe

num).

This species, endemic on the northern ‘ en,

slopes of central Bolivia, is superficially j {

similar to the Central American M. atten-

uata, but the two species are not closely A ® }

related. Vegetatively they are indistin- ot a

guishable. Both are characterized by a 1.

small, tubular flower with three purple We ys i

stripes on each sepal, and sepaline tails f —

only slightly longer than the blades. i Pgs

Masdevallia helenae is single-flowered;

the petals have a thick marginal callus ending in a thick, retrorse process, and an

oblong, simply shallowly channeled lip with a featureless, subacute apex. Masde-

vallia attenuata is successively flowered; the petals have a minute process between

the middle and basal thirds; and a verrucose callus occupies the apex.

Plate 293. Masdevallia helenae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 587

Masdevallia hians Linden & Rchb.f., Senin z it 1854.

Ety: From the Latin hians, “‘gaping,” referring to the sepaline cu

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thi morale arate Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 3-9 cm long including the petiole

0.5-2.5 cm long, the bl ly elliptical-obovate, acute to subacute, 0.8-1.3 cm wide, the base

narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, pions eee

6.5 cm long, with a bract above the nee from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 6 mm long; pedicel 8-14

mm long; ovary blackish, 5 mm long; sepals creamy white, suffused with yellow ae the middle, ci-

liate, pubescent within above the cia, glabrous externally, the dorsal sepal obovate, 6-8 mm long,

5.5-7 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 4-6 mm to form a

rounded, abruptly contracted into an erect, slender, ae yellow tail 1. 5. 2 cm long, the lateral Rigi

the

obovate, i “i lo mm long, “ 6 mm wide, connate 2.5-3.5 mm, forming a wees mentum w

column-foo contracted a sle on descending tails 1-1.5 cm long; pe sciaiiak

white with ae midvein, xc unguiculate, 3-3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the ret obtuse to rounded,

obscurely lobulate, the labellar margin eo with a shallow, oval concavity above an obtuse angle

above the psu base; lip yellow with 3 purple stripes along 3 longitudinal calli, obovate- pao

ide

durate, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, neni ire — at the middle, 1.5 mm

obtuse, with ~ engi minutely —_ ged-u ate, the sc shallowly sulcate below the mile beween

a pair of longitu idd

pex, the bas

deeply retuse- deh. hinged eck eae white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot iis mm long, wake a

short, incurved exte

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Ocaiia, alt. 8,000

ft., 1846-1852, L. Schlim 1163 pega W);

Paramo San Pedro, alt. 8,000 ft., H. Wagener 574

(W); Ocafia, 15 Mar. 1873, R. Shuttleworth 40 (W);

epiphytic in forest below Paramo de Jurisdicciones,

alt. —— m, 11 Nov. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.

Escobar & D. Portillo na a Alto de San

Francisco, alt. 2600 m, 11 May 1984, C. Luer, J.

nls . Escobar & E. Sada 10254 (MO).

a: El Merei, Vereda Minas, 6 May 1937 J.

anga, 25

Nov. 1981, C. L J. Luer, R. Brcobar & D. Portil-

lo 6573 (SED).

This little species is endemic in forests

of high altitudes in the Eastern Cordillera

of Colombia where it is not uncommon. It

was first collected independently by both

the celebrated collectors Schlim and

Wagener. Although frequent, it had not

been in cultivation until it was rediscov-

ered in 1981. Vegetatively it is indistin-

guishable from most small species. The

single, yellowish flower, however, has

petals and a lip distinct from any other.

The broad, unguiculate petals possess an oval cavity near the marginal angle above

the base that was not noted in the original description. Reichenbach’s sketch of the

lip is accurate. The tricarinate lip is pandurate with the margins at the middle

recurved, and with the apical portion dilated with minutely fringed and undulate

margins.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 294, Masdevallia hians

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 589

Masdevallia hieroglyphica Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 18: 230, 1882.

Ety.: From the Greek oe “hieroglyphic,” referring to the purple mottling of the sepals

which resembles cryptic charac

Plant m

m ze Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-3 cm long,

enclosed bok 2-3 close, iababee set 5 Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, petiolate, 7-13 cm long in-

cluding the petiole 2.5-5 cm long, the blade dig shot obtuse, 2-4 cm wide, cuneate below into the

slender petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, cnt | pe 5-11 cm long, with a

bract near the base, from low on the eee floral sn tubular, 8 ong; pedicel 10-12 mm

long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals white to cream-colored, irregularly “*e panies. i ean

tled with dusky purple iti purple veins, light a the base, glabrous, the d sepal aon

14-18 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 9-13 mm to form a saaae sepaline cup,

the free it ea concave, Mice haga —— bc a slender, orange-brown, usalipe: 3 directed

and decurved tail 5-6.5 c of the tail, the

lateral se cone seh ee me a 3 om ais a mm wide, connate 3-4 mm, on apices obtuse,

7 contracted into deflexed tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals Cn oblong,

obtuse, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the labellar margin below the middle with a thick, , acute,

uncinate 2 Hp above the base; ~ og diffusely a with red-purple, flat, pre 35 5 mm long,

2.5 mm wide, the apex broadly truncate, the base subtru: e, hinged below; column white, marked with

purple, a 4 mm long, with broadly angled, snc wings below the middle, the foot stout, 1

mm long, with a short, incurved extension

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander, old department

P 1882, imported by F Tt

Co., collected by Arnold 82 (Holotype: W); epiphytic

ins = ud forest, Paramo urisdicciones,

Portillo 7628 (SEL); same Pie alt. 2550 m, 7 May

1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia

10197 (MO).

Masdevallia hieroglyphica is endemic

in the high, cool forests of the Eastern

Cordillera of Colombia where it is infre-

quently encountered. The purple-mottled

and purple-striped sepaline cup is shallow

with the lateral sepals transversely oblong

and diverging with long, obliquely insert-

ed tails. The dorsal sepal is concave with

the long, slender tail curving downward.

In the genus it is unique in possessing a

dark purple, finlike callus at the base of

the tail. A rounded, but not finlike callus

is seen at the bases of the sepaline tails of

Dracula levii Luer. The petals possess a large, uncinate process above the base; the

lip is thin, flat and oblong; and the column is prominently winged on the lower

Margin.

590 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 295. Masdevallia hieroglyphica

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 591

Masdevallia hymenantha Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 224, 1855.

Ety.: From the Greek hymenanthos, ‘‘a membranous flower,”’ referring to the thin, translucent

sepals of the dried specimens

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, seg oa slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-9 cm long including the a. 2-

3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, genom 1-1. 5 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the ad

tiole. lower 7 by an erect, slender peduncle ts cm — vor a veal brac!

ree the middle, from low on the rami 1; floral bract tubular, 9-10 mm long; pedicel 17-18 mm ns

ovary 6m g; sepals bright purple, glabrous, the oa sepal obovate, 20 mm shi 10 mm wide,

connate to a ican sepals for 11-12 mmt , cylindrical, sepaline tube, the free portion

aes subacute, contracted into a greenish brown tail 14-15 mm long, the lateral sepals elliptical, 22 mm

ong, 9 mm wide, connate 10 mm, the acute apices contracted into greenish tails 9-10 mm long; petals

oc oblong, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, the truncate apex irregularly toothed, the labellar — witha

longitudinal callus, swollen below the middle, terminating in an acute, retrorse tooth; lip white, dotted

with purple, oblong, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm m wide, the subtruncate apex perpie, 1 cevelies, ‘ith a sense Ww,

marginal callus, the disc lightly sulcate, t

mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a slender, incurved extension.

PERU: Amazonas: cen 1846, A. Matthews

s.n. (Holotype: W; dig ee K); between Bagua

and Chachapoyas, alt. 1800 m, ret by J. Meza,

1981, C. Luer 6780 (SEL). Cajamarca: La Palma,

northwest of Chirinos, 5 Feb. 1988, A. Gentry, C.

Diaz & C. Blaney 61194 (MO).

This pretty species was first found

nearly a century and a half ago in the

region around Chachapoyas in northern

Peru by the collector Matthews, well-

known for his many Andean discoveries.

Reichenbach described the species from

the dried material sent to him. No living

material had been exported. Apparently it

had not been seen again until it was ex-

ported by Jorge Meza in 1981, also from

the region near Chachapoyas.

Apparently M. hymenantha is confined

to the lush valleys of a few tributaries of

the Rio Marafion. Vegetatively, the habit

is similar to that of many other species of

the genus. The flower is borne near the

top of the leaves. The shiny, bright purple sepals are smooth inside and out, and

when dried, seem transparent, a quality noticed by Reichenbach. The petals have a

pointed tooth at the base, and the lip is oblong with a dark purple callus at the tip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 296, Masdevallia hymenantha

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 593

Masdevallia ionocharis Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 3: 788, 1875.

Ety.: From the Greek ion, ‘‘a violet’”’ and charis, ‘‘a grace,”’ in allusion to the pretty, graceful, vio-

let-suffused flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia ionocharis var. approviata hort. ex Woolward, Genus Masdevallia, 1896.

Ety.: Probably from the Latin approbiatus, ei ” referring to the quality of the flower.

Plant medium i ie h tic to t trial Ramicauls erect, slender,

1.5-4 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 | loose, tubular sh eaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-11 cm long including

the petiole 2-4 cm long, me blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 1-1.8 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below

into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower produced b ~ a slender, erect peduncle 6-10 cm long, with

a tans near = base, frond the low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10-12 mm long; pedicel 15-25

m long; ovary 5-7 mm eae sepals glabrous to ae microeopialy pubescent sage white,

pat ae rose-purple from above the middle to near ™ bas the be dorsal sepal obovate

ng, 8-10 mm wide, connate vs the lateral sepals for 9-12 mm = apex

lon

broadly obtuse, abruptly contracted into a forwardly directed, slender, sees tail 11-13 mm soy the

lateral sepals gir oman —_ ' purple within below the middle, , elliptical-obovate, oblique, — mm

long, 9-10 mm

into tails 9-10 mm long; oe whi te, triangular, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide above the base, the isin acute

to shallowly n ae the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in a broad, triangular tooth at

the base; lip white, diffusely dotted with red-purple, ese arcuate, 8-9.5 mm long, 5 mm wide, the

apex obtuse wi itha central, orange- -brown ae, ane sh roadly sulcate between a low pair of converg-

ing calli, th ite, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long,

spotted with purple, with a long, incurved extension.

PERU: Puno: Prov. of Caravaya, valley of Sandia,

alt. 3000 m, collected in 1874, flowe o by M. Veitch

in the Royal Exotic Nursery, Aug. 1875, W. Davis

383 (Holotype: W, Isotype: AMES); same area,

terrestrial on rocky slopes between Sandia and Cuyo-

Cuyo, alt. 3300 m, collected in Aug. 1982, by W. &

H. meng & M. Arias, cultivated in Munich,

Germany, os Kén niger K-66a (K, M, SEL, USM, W,

ed at Colomborquideas, 15 ‘May 1993, C. Luer 16713

(MO).

Masdevallia ionocharis was first dis-

covered in a remote area of southeastern

Peru by Walter Davis who was collecting

plants for the firm of Messrs. Veitch. In

spite of the difficult task of transporting

living plants by horseback over the Andes,

they were successfully imported by

Messrs. Veitch where they flowered in the

Royal Exotic Nursery at Chelsea, England,

the following year in August 1875. Flow-

ering specimens were dutifully forwarded

to Professor Reichenbach in Hamburg.

Some of Veitch’s plants survived for at least 20 years for Florence Woolward was

able to reproduce a faithful painting for her monograph. Eventually all the plants

went the way of all living things in captivity, and the species was not seen again for

nearly a hundred years. The species was rediscove ered by Willibald and Helga

K6niger, and Manuel Arias in 1982, and plants were brought into cultivation after a

century’s absence.

594 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 297. Masdevallia ionocharis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 595

Masdevallia ishikoi Luer, Lindleyana 10: 117, 1995.

Ety.: Named in honor of Toshiyuki Ishiko of Japan, co-discoverer of this species.

Dlant di +,

Ramicauls erect, stout, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Lent erect, eae coriaceous, 6-9.5 cm si qanse: ~ petiole 2-3 cm

long, the blade narrowly obovate, obtuse, 1.5-2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. In

florescence a single flower produced od a fey erect peduncle 1.5-2 cm nity ies a bract at the base,

from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5 mm long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals

fleshy, the dorsal sepal yellow, spotted with dark purple toward the base, broadly ovate, ear con-

cave, arcuate-cucullate, with sumniety © compan haaieaged 11 mm fot 11mm

nate to the lateral sepals for 4 ted into a deflexed,

yellowish, clavate tail 7 mm long, 2. 25 mm ei . lateral sepals rose, dotted pubescent,

connate 12 mm into a broadly expanded, oblong-obovate lamina, 20 mm long, 20 mm w wide, ‘* apices

obtuse, contracted into — obtuse apicula; petals white, oblong, 6. 50 oma lon heck ~ wide, the apex

obtuse, oblique, the labellar margin with a |

= iow big lip light rose-brown, ovate, 5 mm long, 2. 15 mm wide, the — acute, agente the disc

miterete, 5 mm long, the foot

ri mm on with the incurved extension.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Murillo, mE “8 i Rio Zongo, 5:

alt. ca. 1500 m, 9 Oct. y D. D’Aless- Trae

andro and T. Ishiko, cultivated at Benet PA, 10 Jan a

1995, C. Luer 17337 (Holotype: MO). i

This species is apparently endemic in Ly

the Rio Zongo valley of north-central te

Bolivia. Although the tailless lateral ral

sepals strongly suggest section Aphanes,

this species is a member of section Masde-

vallia subsection Masdevallia because of

the short, erect, single-flowered peduncle,

a caudate dorsal sepal, petals with a thick,

retrorse process at the base and a simple

lip. The colorful, fleshy sepals form a

short tube with the coarsely pubescent

lateral sepals that are deeply connate into a

broad synsepal spread beneath the deflexed, clavate tail of the dorsal sepal. The lip

is ovate with the acute apex deflexed.

596 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 298, Masdevallia ishikoi

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 597

Masdevallia juan-albertoi Luer & Arias, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

79: 122, 2000.

Ety.: Named for Juan Alberto Arias, son of Manuel Arias of Lima, Peru.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots — Ramicauls stout, erect, 5-7 cm long, enclosed by a

loose, tubular sheath and 2 others at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 13-14.5 cm long

including the petiole 4-4.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 2-3 cm wide, Sra below into the

petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a peduncle 10-14 cm long, with a sheath — the

base, from low on the ramicaul; : focal bract 12 mm nee pedicel 18-19 mm long; ei 7 mm long;

sepals tan, diffusely dotted and suffused with brown, glabrous externally, shortly pubescent within bc

the middle, the dorsal sepal obovate, ESTE, 261 mm long, 3 mm ~— hier connate 14 mm into a

gaping sepaline tube, the apex tail 3.5 cm long, the lateral

a oblong, connate 12 mm into a broad synsepal, 25 mm a bes saree. 6-veined with a —_

below the column-foot, the apices obtuse, contracted into slender tails 3 cm lon, cartila-

pony more or less oblong, we ted atte: at a. yal we labellar margin callou: s, ending i in a thick,

obtuse, retrorse process, 12 mm long, 5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip suboblong, mm rite ng exp

mm wide, the apex broadly truncate with the inca tip acutely recurved, wer a NOTES, - base

truncate, thickened beneath lumn stou

and loosely

long, the foot equally long with an soaieels extension, the anther and stigma ventral.

ERU: Ayacucho: Huanta, Chuyas, alt. 2300 m,

collected by Silvano Flores, cultivated in Lima, Oct.

9, by M. Arias s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer il-

lustr. 19360

This rare species, apparently endemic

in central Peru, is another related to the

variable M. laevis, which had been identi-

fied in Thesaurus Masdevalliarum-15 as

M. affinis, one of its synonyms.

The large leaf of M. juan-albertoi is

long-petiolate, and the flower is borne near

the top of the leaves. It is a comparatively

large flower distinguished by a broad,

brown-flecked sepaline tube with a promi-

nent mentum. The slender tails are slight-

ly longer than the blades; the petals are

large with a thick, retrorse process at the

base; and the lip is also large with a con-

striction below the acutely recurved apex.

598 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 299. Masdevallia juan-albertoi

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 599

Masdevallia karineae Nauray ex Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79:

123, 2000.

Ety.: Named for Karine, daughter of Abel Rodriguez, of Cuzco, Peru.

Di re a* x + +

size oo

t ney = erect, 2.5-3.5 cm long,

enclosed by a loose, tubular s shea d another at the base. Leaf erec rig i eget 12.5

cm _ including the peti tiole ca. ‘ cm long, oe blade narrowly elliptical “bina 2cm narrowly

into the petiole. Inflorescen solitary flower borne by a peduncle 5.5 cm long, with a

cuneate below

sheath above the base, from low on the cational: floral bract 8 mm long; pedicel 14 mm long; ovary 5

m long, green, spotted with gt sepals rosy white, intensely spotted with purple below the middle

ie. glabrous externally with a large orange area externally below the middle, with purple hairs near

meen the dorsal se

= margin, either apiculate f in rosetes or club dorsal sepal obovate, 13 mm long, 8 mm wide, 3-

ined, th n, purple-spotted tail 16-18 mm nig connate to the

omer sepals for 7 mm, the lateral sepals oblong-0 ovate, oblique, obtuse, 14 mm long, 8 mm wide, 3-

vei nnate 7 mm, th similar to that of the Pinte sepal; petals

a Care aE ORS, more or rless onions. ERE sublobulate at the truncate apex, the labellar margin

dinal , 6.5 mm long, 2.5-4 mm

eo 1- veined; 4 wal 7.5 mm ‘long, 4 mm wide, the apex obtuse but acutely recurved, the disc

shallowly sulcate, the base truncate, thickened beneath, hinged to the column-foot; column stout, 6

long, the foot equally long “a an incurved extension, the anther and stigma ve: jar

PERU: Cuzco: Urubamba, Wifiay Wayna, alt. 2700

1999, flowered in cultivation by A. Alfieri in Wil-

mington, DE, 19 Jan. 2000, C. Luer 1931] (Paratype:

MO).

This species was first collected by

William Nauray and Abel Rodriquez on

Winlay Wayna peak opposite Machu

Picchu. Growing both terrestrially and

epiphytically it is locally abundant.

Although the flower is small for subsec-

tion Masdevallia, it is intensely colored. It

is borne on a peduncle about as long as the

long petiole of the leaf. The sepals are

rosy white and connate about midway into

a broad sepaline tube with a broadly

rounded mentum. A large, orange area is

present below the middle externally.

Within, the sepals are pubescent, and

intensely and irregularly spotted with

purple below the middle. Above the

middle and near the margins, four kinds o

purple hairs are present. Some are protruding, glandular cells; some are erect,

slender hairs; sometimes the hairs are arranged in rosettes, and sometimes the hairs

are markedly clubbed. An uncinate callus is present at the base of the petals. The

lip is simply oblong with an acutely recurved apex.

Plate 300. Masdevallia karineae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 601

Masdevallia laevis Lindl., Ann. gs Nat. Hist. Ser. I, i: 257, 1845,

Ety.: From the Latin laevis, * “smoo pared to th

rough tip of the lip of M. coriacea.

Syn. Masdevallia affinis Lindl., Orch. Linden. 5, 1846, subs

Ety.: From the Latin affinis, “similar to,” referring to the simi to M. laevis.

Syn.: Masdevallia lepida Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 69, 185

Ety.: From the Latin lepidus, “pretty,” referring to the pa of the flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia pantherina Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 454, 1899.

Ety.: From the Latin pantherinus, “like a panther,”’ i to the many spots on the sepals.

Syn.: Masdevallia ae Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 80, 1920.

Ety.: From the Latin petiolaris, ‘‘petiolar,”’ referring to the long-petiolate leaves.

Syn.: Masdevallia gomeziana Lehm. & Krecazl., » Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 434, 1921.

Ety.: Named for Dr. José Gémez, f f Lehmann.

Syn.: Masdevallia maculigera Sch. nn Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. pate 24, 1924.

Ety.: From the culiger, “‘spot-bearer,”’ referring to the mac flow

Syn.: — chlorotica Kraenz a Bull. Misc. Inform. 107, 1

Ety.: From reek chloros, ‘‘yellow-green,” referring to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia confusa —— Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 161, 1925, nomen novum

Ety.: From the Latin confusus, “‘confused,” referring to Prof. Reichenbach whom Krinzlin thought

had erred by giving a second species (in this case, wad species? the same opens a as ‘another, M 4

velutina. Reichenbach’s ‘“‘second”’

velutina, a species of Dracula. It was af ss was ‘confused in thinking that the “second”

description was this species. He gave it a nomen novum and cited a new oi

Syn.: Masdevallia affinis subsp. petiolaris (Schitr.) Luer, Lindley

Syn.: Masdevallia affinis subsp. maculigera (Schitr.) Luer, posi ma ‘* ih a

it small to large, a caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, eee often blackish,

2-9 cm a, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, eale cm long

including a petiole 2-9 - long, ie blade elliptical, obtuse to subacute, 1.5-4. Py cm ager cuneate below

petiole. Inflorescence 1-4 simultaneous, solitary, s showy flo wers | borne by slender, erect

peduncles 5-13 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low t tubular 7-15

mm long; pedicel 10-25 mm long; ovary 5-9 mm

long; sepals white to rose, more or less spotted with

purple, occasionally yellowish, spotted with brown,

ent

ish tail 2.5-4 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, ob-

lique, 14-20 mm long, 7-13 mm wide, connate 4-7

te t Cte é £, ees, hk,

a deep mentum with the column-foot, the obtuse

apices contracted into slender tails 2-3.5 cm long;

lobulate, the labella margin with a longitudinal

obtuse, more or less incurved process above the base

] pe te, wi callus,

the disc shallowly sulcate, the base subcordate and

shortly cleft, hinged beneath; column white, marked

with purple, semiterete, 5.5-7 mm long, the foot 3-5

mm long with a long, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: on trees, Rio Blanco, near

2204 (G); Paramo de Guanacas above Popayén, alt.

3300-3500 m, F.C. men 6752 (holotype of M.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 301, Masdevallia laevis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 603

pantherina: K, isotypes: AMES, G, NY, US, W trial in damp forests on both slopes

the P4ramo de Moras, alt. 2900-3400 m, 3 Mar. 1883, F.C. Lehmann 2700 tholotype o of M. gomeziana:

; isotypes: AMES, BM, G, LE, MO, NY, W); Paéramo de las Delicias, 3300-3600 m, F.C. Lehmann

8506 (holotype of M. chlorotica: K; isotypes: AMES, G, HBG, NY, W); Paramo de ie Delicias, F.C.

Lehmann B.T.180 (AMES); Péramo de las Delicias, alt. 3380 m, 17 Nov. 1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar

8481 (AMES, JAUM, SEL); without locality, M. Madero s.n. (holotype of M. petiolaris destroyed at B).

Norte de Santander: Alto de San Francisco, alt. 8, xg? ft., H. Wagener 575 (holotype of M. lepida: W;

: K); old prov. of Ocafia, Paramo de San Pedro t. 8 000-10,000 ft., 1845-52, L. Schlim 731 (BR,

G, K, MO, P, W), C. Luer illustr. 19267; old prov. of contin July 1844, Purdie s.n. (K); Perico, we

2600 m, May 1851, L. Schlim 1017 (K); Toledo, epiphytic in cloud forest, Alto de Mefué, alt. 2600 m,

May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7798 (AMES, MO, SEL); same locality, 12 May 1984, :

Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10292 (MO). Arauca: Sierra Nevada de ] — Monte El

Tovo, alt. 3000 m, 10 4 = pnt ie pe 10148 (AAU, COL); same area, alt. 2900 m, 30 May 1982,

ai near Pasto, alt. 3000 m, 11 Fe b. 1 1880, F-C. Lehmann 522 leben of M. confusa: W; isotype:

G); same area, alt. 3100 m, 29 July 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 3080 (SEL); same area, alt.

3150 m, 27 te 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & C.H. Dodson 12550 (MO); Paramo del Tabano between Pasto

and El Encano, alt. 3200 m, 11 Jan. 1941, J. Cuatrecasas 11916 (AMES, COL, F, S, US); between Pasto

and Mocoa, alt. 3000 m, Sept. 1922, W. Hopp 168 (holotype of M. ma culigera destroyed at B); Paramo

del T4bano between Pasto and La Cocha, alt. 3100 m, 27 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & C.H. Dodson

12551 (Neotype of M. maculigera here designated: MO); same area, 21 Tan: 1979, C. Luer & J. Luer

3772 (SEL); Volcan oe alt. 3200 m, 21 Jan. 1979, C. Luer & J. Luer 3 nets (SEL); ae in

cloud forest between I Ipial d La Victoria, alt. 3200 m, ‘ Nov. rhe C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4

(K, SEL). Putumayo: a Cocha and Sibundoy, * "3000 m,

26 Jan. = C. Luer, ry Luer, R. Escobar, C. H. Dodson & O. ae 12527 (K, MO).

: R: Carchi: scrub cloud forest east of Tulcan, alt. 3200 m, 23 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 2749 (SEL); scrub cloud forest above San Gabriel, alt. 3400 m, 8 Nov. 1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar

Mari seem near Neuva America, alt. 3300 m, 12 Mar. 1996, S. Dalstrém, S. Inder & K. Ingram-

Ferrell 2109 (M

This species is variable in its wide distribution through all three cordilleras of

Colombia into northern Ecuador. It was first described from a collection by Hart-

weg above Popaydn in the Western Cordillera, where it is still frequent today in

several subpdéramo forests. Lindley described it in 1845 beside the warty-lipped M.

coriacea along with three other species (M. meleagris, M. racemosa, and M. rosea).

He described the sepals as pubescent within, and the lip as oblong with the tip round

and smooth, in contrast to the thick, verrucose lip of M. coriacea.

Mh ae year, Lindley described M. affinis from a collection by Linden

olima in the Central Cordillera of Colombia, noting that it was very

— to M. laevis, but differing with the sepals pubescent within. Obviously, he

wae sare the fact that he described the sepals of M. laevis also as pubescent

pee 0 sai he thought he had implied that the sepals were smooth, perhaps

ma as the lip. Numerous living specimens from above Popay4n as well as a

ing specimen from Mt. Tolima have been examined and illustrated, and found to

variations of what appear to be the same species

Sine Reichenbach described M. lepida from a collection by Wagener in the

ec, a I find no specific feature to distinguish it from M. laevis. A

pith y Schlim (Schlim 731) from Ocaiia, also in the Eastern Cordillera, was

aa. eae M. ensata by Reichenbach, but I am certain that this collection is

laevis. Although closely allied, M. ensata is distinguished by a cylin-

Plate 302. Masdevallia laevis

(M. lepida)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 605

drical, red- or purple-striped flower, while M. laevis is distinguished by a funnel-

shaped, variously spotted flower.

At the other extreme of its distribution in southernmost Colombia and bordering

Ecuador, M. laevis is abundant and variable where it has acquired several additional

specific epithets, some of which have been treated as subspecies. The most distinct

variations are illustrated on the following pages.

Masdevallia laevis is a frequent epiphyte of moss-laden trees of cool, wet cloud

forests at altitudes over 3000 meters above sea level. In some areas it is the most

predominant epiphyte. Vegetatively and florally variable through its wide range,

some populations are larger and more colorful than others. The species is character-

ized by the relatively large, long-petiolate leaves, and relatively large, long-tailed

flowers. The sepals, densely short-pubescent within, vary from white to pink to

yellow, and spotted or dotted with purple or brown. The size of the spots is variable

and sometimes the spots are almost lacking.

The distinct variation described as M. maculigera is distinguished by the smaller

habit, usually with two or three or occasionally four single flowers produced simul-

taneously from the same node. The white, purple-spotted flowers are barely micro-

scopically pubescent within. They are smaller and are borne no higher than the

leaves. Except for their smaller size, the petals and lip of the two concepts are

similar.

The distinct variation described as M. petiolaris is distinguished by the larger

habit with a long, distinct petiole. Usually only one flower is produced at a time.

The comparatively large, white, purple-spotted flower is densely pubescent within,

and is borne by a peduncle as long as the leaves. The petals and lip of these con-

cepts are similar. In some areas, this variation grows intermixed with the previous

variation.

In Thesaurus Masdevalliarum-14, M. alismifolia was erroneously identified as

M. laevis.

Plate 303. Masdevallia laevis

(M. pantherina)

607

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Plate 304. Masdevallia laevis

(subsp. petiolaris)

608 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 305. Masdevallia laevis

(subsp. maculigera)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 609

Masdevallia lamprotyria Kéniger, Die Orchidee 31: 178, 1980; emend. 36: 87,

a J

Ety.: From the Greek lamprotyrius, “‘a shiny purple,” referring to the color of the flower.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. eyes slender, erect, 1-2. 5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-11 ¢ g the petiole 1-3 =

long, the blade narrowly elliptical, — 0.5-0.7 ¢ ids, the ato narrowly cuneate into the petio

Inflorescence a single, showy ower borne by vende erect peduncle 8-9 cm long, with a bract near

the base, from low on the ramica i floral bract ‘tien 8 mm long; pedicel white, 14-16 mm long; ovary

5 mm long; sepals bright shiny ph glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, 16 mm long, 6 mm wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for 7 mm to form a cylindrical, sepaline tube, the free ovate with the

acute apex contracted into a slender tail 3 cm long, the lateral eee elliptical, oblique, 22 mm long, 7

mm wide, connate to each other for 6 mm, the apices acute, contracted into tails similar to that of the

dorsal se sepal; petals white, etions, 7mm Jace aa mm v wide, the obtuse apex obscurely bilobed, the label-

lar margin with a | the bs b s Hip white, suffused with

orange at the —- oblong, 6.25 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, slightly 1

with a small marginal callus, the base truncate, hinged beneath, the disc a. channeled between a pair

of low, longitudi a calli; column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long, with an incurved

extension 1 mm long.

PERU: Amazonas: epiphytic in cloud forest between

Chachapoyas and Pomacochas, alt. 2000 m, Aug.

1978, B. Wiirstle, W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger, J. Meza et

al. W-4a (Holotype: SEL; clonotypes: K, M, USM,

W, Herb. H. Kéniger); same collection, cultivated by

W. Koniger in Munich, Germany, Oct. 1986, C. Luer

(MO).

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud

forest above Zumba, alt. 1800 m, collected by S.

Dalstrém, 25 Jan. 1989, cultivated by Boras at Bjérn

Gillbrand, Sweden, Dec. 1989, S. Dalstrém 1311

(MO).

This species occurs locally in Amazo-

nian Peru and adjacent, southernmost

Ecuador. The habit with slender leaves

and a single-flowered peduncle nearly as

long is indistinguishable from many others

in the section Masdevallia. The small,

delicate flower is distinguished by the

shiny, purple surface of the sepals. The

slender tails are slightly longer than the

blades, the blades of the lateral sepals

being noticeably longer than the blade of

the dorsal sepal. They are connate about :

half their length into a sepaline tube. A low callus courses along the labellar margin

of the petals and forms only an obtuse angle above the base. The oblong lip is

slightly constricted near the subtruncate apex.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

610

Plate 306. Masdevallia lamprotyria

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 611

eee leonardoi Luer, sp. nov.

.: Named for Sr. Leonardo Bustamante of Loja, Ecuador, who collected this species.

cn haec M. pumilae Poepp. & Endl. affinis, sed floribus luteo-aurantiacis, sepalorum lateralium

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. beccansing pone, erect, slender, 5-10 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-5 cm long including a slender petiole ca

1 cm long, the blade narrowly ge ets subacute to hes 0.8- e cm ae gradually narrowed below

into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower borne by an erect, slender peduncle 1.5-2.5 cm long, with

a thin sheath near the reat from ee on aie ramicaul; floral bract tubular, thin, hides man long; pedicel 6mm

long; ovary 3-4 mm long; sepals ye -pubescent

aise with cellular-eos edges, - ene sepal obovate, 11 mm ‘long, 6 mm wide, “connate to the later-

sepals for 7 mm to form a cylindrical tube, the free portion triangular with the obtuse apex contracted

tas a slender tail 127 mm long, the lateral sepals narrowly obovate, 13 mm long, connate 7 — 11 mm

wide together, th ils 28 mm long, similar to that of the

dorsal Ce ‘petals yellow, Seine. 5 nan long, ¥, 6 mm wire - apex obtuse, minutely obscurely

itha

lobed, the margi g

the base; “i yellow, oblong, ' mm tons, 2 2 mm wide, ith ides, shallowly

sulcate column pe hag semiterete, 4 mm ssi the foot 2 mm long,

with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: beyond the pass

tween Loja and Zamora, alt. 1800 m, collected and

cultivated by Leonardo Bustamante, flowered in /

cultivation 20 Feb. 2001, C. Luer 19517 (Holotype: iL

MO). .

This small species is superficially {

similar to the frequent and widely distrib- \ Bo,

uted M. pumila, but M. leonardoi is appar- _—

ently confined to a small area in southeast- a a A

ern Ecuador. Instead of white, the flowers a »

are yellow and suffused with orange YA Pee

toward the base of the cylindrical, sepaline 4 ef A

tube. The tails of the lateral sepals de-

curve, while those of M. pumila common-

ly curve upward. The most distinguishing

feature is the callus of the petals, the end :

of which extends as a point hehind the ‘. a

base. The callus of M. pumila terminates }

between the middle and basal thirds.

612

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 613

Masdevallia leucantha Lehm. & Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 417,

1921.

Ety.: From the Greek leucanthos, ‘a white flower,” referring to the white flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia chiquindensis Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 104, 1925.

Ety.: Named for the community of Chiguinda where the species was collected.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, very narrowly elliptical-obovate,

acute, 7-11.5 cm long, 0.6-0.8 cm wide, gradually 1 below i indistinctly petiolate base.

Inflorescence a relatively large, solitary flower borne by a slender, suberect peduncle 5-7 cm long, with

a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 10-11 mm long; pedicel 15-19 mm long;

ovary 5 mm long; sepals white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, 20 mm long, 9 mm wide, connate to

the lateral sepals for 10 mm to form a cylindrical sepaline tube, the free portion triangular, acute, con-

ted into a slender, erect, orange tail ca. 4.5 cm long, the lateral sepals bright orange at the base, ovate,

28 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate 8 mm to form a shallow mentum, the acute apices contracted into

slender, orange tails ca. 3.5 cm long; petals white, oblong, subacute, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, Har

margin longitudinally callous, ending in bt gle above the base; lip white, elliptical, 6 mm long,

3 mm wide, shallowly channeled longitudinally, suffused with orange at the rounded apex, the base

subcordate, hinged on the end to the column-foot; column light green, semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 3

mm long with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: ‘‘Forest of Chi-

guinda, East Andes of Sigsig,’’ alt. 1600-1900 m,

May 1887, F.C. Lehmann 6528 (Lectotype: K; Iso-

lectotypee: HBG, LE; holotype of M. chiquindensis:

isotype: HBG); near Chiguinda, alt. 1600-1800 m,

collected by B. Malo, cultivated by O. Arango, at La

trella, Colombia, 2 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1886 (SEL);

epiphytic in cloud forest east of Paute, alt. 1750 m,

Feb. 1976, cultivated in 1978, A. Andreetta 67 (SEL);

Two collections of Lehmann (257 and

6528) were cited by Kranzlin as types of

M. leucantha in the original description in ;

1921. Although the description does not wholly apply to Lehmann 6528, it has

been designated the lectotype of the species, because Lehmann 257 at W is M.

uncifera.

In 1925, Kranzlin described M. chiquindensis and cited Lehmann 6528 from the

eastern slopes of southeastern Ecuador as the holotype. In his treatment of M.

leucantha in his infamous monograph in 1925, Kranzlin cited still another Lehmann

collection (230), this time from the western slopes of Pichincha, omitting the peers.

ous two. The whereabouts of Lehmann 230 is unknown. A watercolor painting (7.

116 of herb. spec. 6528) is at Kew. .

Masdevallia leucantha is distinguished by the solitary, white flower, ere

Produced in profusion, with a narrow, sepaline tube and deflexed, ovate, free por-

tions of the lateral sepals that are indistinctly contracted into slender tails. Superfi-

cially, it is similar to the small-flowered, widely distributed M. pumila with slender,

widely spread, tapering, lateral sepals.

614 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 308. Masdevallia leucantha

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 615

= lewisii Luer & Vasquez, Lindleyana 8: 47, 1993.

Named in honor of its discoverer, Marko Lewis, formerly of Quimé, Bolivia.

+ ll ¢. = +.

it Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2.5

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, tbl sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, spt 4-8 cm long

including a petiole 1-1.5 cm sg the blade elliptical, subacute, 1-1.8 cm narrowly cuneate

into the petiole. Inflorescenc a single, ropmtoasl very large f toe Ke y "

peduncle 2-2.5 cm long, oie icaul Ib

lar, 14 mm long; pedicel 15 mm ee ovary 5 mm long; sepals membranous, shortly ea within

above the middle, the dorsal sepal red-purple, obovate, _ ~ wt 18 mm wi yim at the junction with the

lateral sepals, connate to the lateral sepals for 19 mm a gaping, conical tube,

below

apex obtuse,

abruptly contracted into a slender tail 4 cm long, the sri —_ orange-ereen with purple stripes,

obtuse, ea spa tuse, oblique mm long, connate 22 mm into a lamina 34 mm broad,

forming an

m with the column- foot, the apices ponloanac ee ho slender tails 3 cm long;

petals subaleate meals 10 mm long, 3. 5 mm ee the curved, labellar margin with a longitudinal callus

p large, oblong-ovate, 14 mm long, 8 mm wide, minutely

short-pubescent with | minutely erose margins, ‘* apex obtuse to subtruncate with a midline callus, the

disc with a pair , erect calli near the middle, the base see hinged beneath; column semiter-

ete, 7 mm long, the foot 8 mm long including the incurved extens:

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Prov. of Inquisivi, Serrania de =

Lulini above Aguilani, epiphytic in a tree by a lake ilies

called Wichu Pruha, alt. 3350 m, 8 Dec. 1991, M. Si

Lewis 40824 cai LPB; Isotype: MO); C. Luer ‘i

illustr. 165)

Several plants of this species, from a hat o

high altitude where freezing temperatures .

are not uncommon, were discovered \ .

growing on a stunted, moss-covered tree S on

by Marko Lewis. Although the plants are

somewhat below average in size for the ‘ i

subsection Masdevallia, the flowers are 4 i

immense. oa. ~

The sepals are deeply connate into a / a

gaping, conical tube. The dorsal sepal is i = ms,

described as being red-purple, and the a

laterals as being orange-green with purple stripes. The saat are large, falcate and

acute. The oblong, shortly pubescent lip is exceptionally large for the subsection.

Also unusual for the subsection is the pair of erect, obtuse calli near the center of

the lip. The large, funnel-shaped flowers are suggestive of M. datura, a species that

grows at a lower altitude in an area nearby.

Plate 309. Masdevallia lewisii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 617

evallia lilacina K6niger, Die Orchidee 36: 80, 1985.

a From the Latin Jilacinus, “lilac,” referring to the color of the flower.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 3-4

cm te say et by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, very narrowly obovate, acute, 5-

15cm 0.5-0.9 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into an ill-defined petiole 1.5-2 cm pri In-

flo alam a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle, 2-5 cm long, with a bract above the

base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5-10 mm long; pedicel 8-12 mm long; ovary green,

3-4 mm — sepals rose-lilac to red-purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal 35-62 mm long, the blade ovate,

10-12 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 5-6 mm to form a short, cylindrical tube,

the apex — attenuated into a slender, suberect tail 2-5 cm long, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate,

m lon

oblique, 30-60 m ng, 5-7 mm wide, connate 4-5 mm, the apices acute, — into forwardly

directed, more or less up-curved tails about half the length of the sepal; petals w! nip — — —

long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the apex rounded, obscurely lobulate ate, rarely minutely dentcale

margin with an erect, oblique, truncate, winglike callus on the middle ; lip rose, s

toward the base, sa with orange eae me Caper, or entirely brown, , elliptical-obovate, sis mm

long, 1.5-2.75 mm wide, the apex obtuse midline callus, ulcate

hinged below; iene white, semiterete, 3-5 mm long, ~ foot 1-1.5 mm long, with a slender, incurv

extension.

PERU: Huanuco: between Tingo Maria and Pucall-

collection, ig ing by W. Kéniger in Munich,

oe Aug. 1984, C. Luer 10424 (MO).

oe ie aré, Yambrasbamba, alt. 1860-2000

S.S. Tillett 673-240 —_— without

ne eae data, cultivated by W. Kéniger “ unich

Germany, 21 Sept. 1985, C. Luer 11412 (M

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: es del

Condor, east of Guisme, alt. 1500 m, 18 Feb. 1986,

. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. 27 ie

11899 (MO); nig Be del age east of Pa-

quisha, alt. 1600 m 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer &

A. Hirtz 12632 me, Corer ie re east of

Los Encuentros, alt. 1500 m, 21 Jan. 1989, C. Luer,

J. Luer, P. & A. Jesup pre same area, alt. 1800 m,

20 Jan. 1989, S. Dalstrém & T. Héijer 1183 (MO).

This species is found in northern Peru

and southeasternmost Ecuador in the

Cordillera del Condor. It is very similar to

M. roseola, which is apparently restricted

to southern Ecuador. From M. roseola, M.

lilacina is distinguished by the

Slender leaves, less than one centimeter

wide, and petals with an erect, winglike callus along the lower margin.

Masdevallia lilacina is characterized by the cluster of slender leaves and single,

rose or rose-purple flowers. The sepals are narrowly attenuate into long, slender,

up-curved tails. The petals have a distinct, marginal callus that is absent in M.

roseola. The lips are similar. Both species are related to the sympatric but smaller,

white-flowered P. pumila.

618 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

q i]

F /

4 ij

E i

\ i

Plate 310. Masdevallia lilacina

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 619

Masdevallia lineolata Kéniger, Die Orchidee 33: 104, 1982; rere hes, ae 1985.

Ety.: From the Latin lineolatus, “‘with little lines,”’ in reference to the striped flo

— ium in size, terrestrial, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-7 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 8-12 cm long including the

petiole 2.5- 1 5 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1.8-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the slender

tiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 8-10 cm long, with a bract

near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular 15 mm long; pedicel 20 mm long; pri

light green, 6 mm long; sepals greenish white with narrow, purple line ~ the veins, glabrous exter-

nally, minutely — within, the dorsal sepal oblong, 16-17 mm long, 8 mm wide, cena to

2m an arcuate, cylindrical, sepaline tube, the apex obtuse, con

into a suberect to fcudentie directed, slender, yellow-green tail 11-12 mm long, the vere sepals oblong-

obovate, oblique, connate 11 mm to form a lamina 15 mm expanded, forming with

= 8

“A

the column-foot, the free portions oblique, subacute, contracted into slender tails cy mm long, similar to

that of the dorsal sepal; petals white with a few purple flecks, more or less oblong, unguiculate, 7 mm

long, 3.5 mm wide, the apex broad, — wmeqroes re labellar margin with a longitudinal cari

produced into a large, broadly acute, process below the middle; lip buff-colored, diffusely flecked with

brown, oblong, 9 mm lon g, 4. i mm wide, the apex x truncate, recurved, with a midline callus, the disc with

colu white with the margin

purple, semiterete, 7mm long, the foot 3

o >

PERU: Cuzco: near Laris, alt. 2850 m, May 1981, M.

Arias S. A-26 (Holotype: ae beara K); same

collection, cultivated niger in Munich,

Germany, 5 Sept. 1981, Ww. tere n. (SEL, K, M,

USM, W, Herb. H. Kéniger), C. Luer illustr. 6452.

This species, apparently rare and

endemic in the mountains of southeastern

Peru, was discovered by Dr. César Vargas

C. of Cuzco. Collections were made by

Sr. Manuel — and forwarded to the

K6nigers in Muni

Although M. Sinevibit appears similar

to M. coriacea and its numerous relatives

in subsection Coriaceae, it probably is

more closely allied to the species identi-

fied with subsection Masdevallia. The

white sepaline tube is striped with thin,

purple lines along the veins, compatible

with both subsections, but the substance is

finer than that usually seen in subsection

Coriaceae. The petal, however, with the

Sharp marginal angle below the middle

Suggests subsection Coriaceae, but the lip is thin and flat, suggesting subsection

Masdevallia. The lines dividing all the subsections become blurred as the assign-

ment of intermediate species is attempted.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

‘

aed

424%

fies

SRE ANA

iat

Plate 311. Masdevallia lineolata

—

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 621

Masdevallia lucernula KGniger, Die Orchidee 32: 65, 1981; , emend. 36: 87, 1985.

Ety.: From the Latin lucernula, ‘‘a small lamp,

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; ae = Ramicauls blackish, slender,

erect, 1.5-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 blackish, loose, tubular eaf erect, coriaceous, 5-9 cm

long including the pose 1.5-4 cm long, the blade elliptical- die mee to obtuse, 1. 42 lcm

wide, the the black petiole. Inflorescence a drooping, solitary flower borne by an

erect, Ta peduncle 6.5-10 cm long, with a bract below the middle, os low on the ramicaul; floral

bract tubular, 8-10 mm long; pedicel 10-13 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; a bright red to red-purple

toward sige apex, Pea toward the base, shortly pubescent within, the dorsal sepal oblong, _—

dinally concave, 30 mm long, 10 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 25 mm to form

cylindrical tube with a a rounded apex ture, the apex round ed, abruptly contracted into a slender, re:

purp! il g the lat ]

mm long, 25 mm wide expanded, the rounded : apices contracted into slender tails 7 mm long, more or

less connivent with the tail of the dorsal sepal; petals re oblong, 7 mm long, 2.75 mm wide,

the apex obliquely subtruncate, faintly apiculate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus terminat-

ing above the base in a broad, thick, incurve = rocess; lip aa, lightly dotted with purple, oblong-

ovate, constricted above the middle, 6.75 mm long, 3 mm w wide, the apex round with a midline, marginal

callus, — disc longitudinally Jeena th btn h; column white with a thin,

purple margin, semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 4 mm long with a thin incurved extension

PERU: Amazonas: Bongar4, between Pomacochas

Moyabamba, alt. 2100 m, 1979, J. Meza T. s.n.

(Holotype: SEL); same collection, cultivated in

unich, Germany, May 1980, W. Kéniger 8] (K, M,

SEL), C. Luer illustr. 5283; same collection, cultivat-

ed at Colomborquideas in Colombia, 25 Apr. 1988,

C. Luer 13302 (MO)

This species has been imported only

once from a collection from Amazonian

Peru by Jorge Meza Torres. Apparently, it

has not been discovered again. Vegeta-

tively, the leaves vary from short and

nearly round to long and elliptical. The

peduncle carries the nodding flower at

least as high as, if not higher than the

leaves.

The color of the inflated, tubular

flower is bright red, orangish toward the

base and purplish toward the small, round

apical opening. The short, slender sepa-

line tails of the type-clone are connivent,

but they are more or less free on other

plants. Out of sight, the oblong lip has a

thick, retrorse process at the base, and the

lip is constricted in the apical third.

622 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 312. Masdevallia lucernula

Bs ait hkl a a ai Tai Fyi|l\alal ill) ace Lg ncaa

ao PS

PN ay eed PO

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 623

Masdevallia macropus Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. a 26: 454, 1899.

— the Greek makropus, “‘large-footed.

Plant large, epiphytic to terrestrial, pr He a roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 4-10

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec isp ss 12-20 cm long

including the petiole 3-9 cm long, the blade clipe preity 3. 5-5 c¢ ide,

channeled petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, 1-3 produced simultanously, borne by an erect

peduncle 11-18 cm long, from high or near the middle of the ramicaul, seat a brac’ evr the middle;

floral bract tubular, 13-20 mm long; pedicel 20-23 mm long; ovary 7-9 mm long; sepals yellow, ae

with red-purple above the middle, glabrous, the dorsal sepal elliptical, ca. 35 a long, 9-10 mm

connate to the lateral sepals for 17 mm to form a pres tube, sep arrowly triangular free an

acute, gradually attenuated into a slender, erect to reflexed, greenish tail 5-7 cm long, the lateral sepals

ovate, oblique, ca. 35 mm long, 10-11 mm wide, connate 10 mm t form a shallow, secondary mentum

above the mentum with the column-foot, th ails similar to

that of the dorsal sepal; erie wine obiong, ul 5mm long, 3 one hese a truncate apex irregularly

lobed, the lower margin with inal e tooth above the base; lip

diffusely mottled with re Hyena ge oblong, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, a apex obtuse, revolute, the disc

with a parallel pair of low calli, the base truncate, hisged below; column white with a purple margin,

semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot stout, 4 mm long with a short extension.

ECUADOR: Loja: Paéramo de Matanga, alt. 3000-

3200 m, - Cc. vat 6562 ee K; ~aetinss

Ss, do de Sabanilla, between

Yangana oe Malicdand alt. ppryre m, 28 Feb.

1985, B. Ollegaard et al., 58430 (AAU, MO, QCA);

scrub vegetation south of Yangana north of the pass,

alt. 2700 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz

& bes rinse Paco (MO). Morona-Santiago:

Cc Miguel east of Sigsig, alt. 3000 m,

8 Apr. 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strém 8031

(AMES, GB); ‘“‘Andes east of Cuenca,” alt. 2800 m,

collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui near

Cuenca, 20 Aug. 1978, C. Luer 3451 (SEL); epiphy-

es in scrub forest east of te alt. 2950 m, 15 May

1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W.

— 13343 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic

n scrub forest between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2800

2 collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 14 July

977, C. Luer 1700 (SEL); cviphyiic in cloud forest

oak of Yangana, alt. 2700 m, 3 Mar. 1982, C. Luer,

A. Andreetta, D. D’Alessandro & S. Dalstrém 7110

(MO, SEL); same area, alt. 2700 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10895 (MO);

Zumba, alt. 2800 m, 24 Jan. 1986, S. Dalstrém & T.

Héijer 1092 (MO)

This handsome, robust species, first found by Consul Lehmann, is infrequent

and local in cold, wet, cloud forests of southern Ecuador. It grows epiphytically in

the scrubby, mossy trees and terrestrially in the loose humus beneath them. The

leaves are large and long-petiolate. The large, red- purple, solitary, long- -tailed

flower is produced from a peduncle, or a cluster of two or three peduncles, arising

from above the middle of the ramicaul. The tails are often 10 centimeters long.

The basal process of the petal is an incurved hook. The lip is oblong with an in-

curved, purple apex.

Matdbadis acieie is very similar to M. mastodon of the Eastern Cordillera

of Colombia. The free portion of the dorsal sepal of M. macropus is acute and

longer than the short, obtuse apex of M. mastodon.

624 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 313. Masdevallia macropus

LOSE ae TO) Nt EE eS MN Me eS el |S [eye ee a any ea

‘ = an i ee Si aad | ae et

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 625

Masdevallia manoloi Luer & Arias, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65:

108, 1998.

Ety.: Named for Victor Manuel Arias, ‘‘Manolo,” son of Manuel Arias Silva of Lima, Peru.

Plant ene aa in size, aa, roots slender. a blackish, stout, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 5-8.5 cm long ———

the petiole 2-3 cm “one the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.3- 22 2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole

orescence a single flower, borne by a slender, erect to suberect on up to in ~ long, with a

bract near the base, from near the middle. of the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 12-1 ; pedicel

12-15 mm long; ovary 7 mm long; sepals yellow, bis borders oa veins blackish rca the dorsal

sepal erect, shallowly concave, so och mm lo ong, | va mm wide, connate to to the E lateral sepals for 5 mm to

form a short, shallow, sepaline ‘ lender tail 7.5 om tong, © the lateral

sepals ovate, oblique, 24 mm eam connate 13-14 into ad below the colum t, 22 mm

wide together, with the sides above the middle incurved, with the apices acute, in apposition, ‘contracted

into slender tails ca. 7 cm long; aon white, cartilaginous, ovate-triangular, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, a

apex acute with the upper margin incurved,

process extending beyond the base: Hp subobovate, erect, arcuate, Mdhes mm long, 3.5 mm n wide, with the

margins thin, irregular above a narrow lobule 1.5 mm

long with a minute, rounded callus at the tip, the disc thickened to ward the truncate base, hi

to the column-foot; column thick, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot equally long eee the slender,

incurved extension.

PERU: Hudnuco: Hudnuco, Acomayo, Zingo M

alt. 2500 m, collected by Saul Ruiz Pérez, 13 sou

1997, flowered in cultivation at Vivero Manuel Arias

Silva, Lima, Peru, Nov. 1997, C. Luer 18671 (Holo-

type: MO).

Although this spectacular species was

described in subsection Caudatae, it sits

on the border between subsection Cauda-

tae and subsection Masdevallia. The

dorsal sepal is indeed shallowly connate to

the lateral sepals, but the lateral sepals are

connate above the middle into a gaping,

sepaline cup with the apices in apposition.

For this reason, it is treated here in subsec-

tion Masdevallia.

The leaves, surpassed by the slender

peduncle, are elliptical with distinct, elon-

gate, blackish petioles and ramicauls. The

flower is distinguished by the brownish

stripes on yellow, with very long, slender

tails. The proportionately large dorsal

sepal stands erect above the synsepal with

a deep mentum below the column-foot.

The petals are acute at the apex with a thick, basal proc ;

trudes from the tip of a long, incurved column-foot to which it is loosely hinged.

Above the middle, the lip is contracted with irregular margins into a narrow lobule

with a minute, rounded callus at the tip.

ess. The arcuate lip pro-

626 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 627

gg a/fre mastodon Rchb.f., eal gic 3: Sajepoacn 1855.

Named for the mastodon, an exti with long, curved tusks, reminis-

ee of the long, curved, sepaline tail his species

Plant large, cf ag shortly repent to caespitose; roots coarse Prcmapee more or less blackish,

stout, erect, 3-8 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec coriaceous, 10-19 cm long

including the petiole 4-9 cm long, the blade litical subacute to ot 34 cm wide, cuneate below

into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary, showy flower, borne bya er, le 6-13 cm long,

with a tubular bract below the middle, from 2-5.5 cm h 1; floral bract 10-1

mm long; pedicel 12-22 mm long; ovary 8 mm long; sepals dark etn to orange at the base, or pale

rose to white at the base, glabrous, the dorsal sepal apse concave, 20-23 mm long, 10-11 mm wide

expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 15-18 mm curved, sepaline tube, the apex acute,

contracted into a slender, erect to more or less reflexed sail he cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique,

acute, 25-28 mm long, 10-11 mm wide, connate for 10 mm t o form both a primary

a secon’

mentum; petals yellow-white, often marked with purple, oblong, 6-7 mm long, 2. 75-3 mm wide, the

apex oblique, obscurely bi bilobed, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus a. in a long,

process above the base; lip cream, diffusely suffused with purple, oblong, 7 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide,

the apex subtruncate, decurved, the disc shallowly channeled between a pair ‘of low, longitudinal calli,

the base subcordate, hinged beneath; acc — with a purple margin, semiterete, 4-5 mm long, the

foot 3 mm long with a short, incurved extens

COLOMBIA: Santander del Norte, old hearer

of Ocaiia: Alto de San Francisco, alt. “6,000

m, 5 May 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & D.

‘ged 7763 ee SEL); same area, alt. 2850 m,

1984, er, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E.

Valent 10270 ee ieee W. Koniger in

Germany, 3 Oct. 1 1985, C. Luer 11417

0. m, 19 May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D.

Portillo 7885 (SEL).

sath

Reichenbach described Masdevallia

mastodon from a single flower collected

by Wagener at a place called ‘‘Alto de San

Francisco” in the province of Ocafia in

New Granada. He briefly compared the

flower to M. schlimii, but he knew nothing

about the rest of the inflorescence or vege-

tative parts. This species had not been

recognized again since the original flower

was collected.

To locate this particular Alto de San Francisco after more than a lapsed ,

required some detective work on the part of Rodrigo Escobar, because this eee we

was not included on any modern map. Onan old map in a library ee scat a

found the name at a pass about midway between the towns of Ocafia se

na. Plotting this area onto a modern road map placed it north of Villacaro, a

where the old trail would have gone between the two towns wns. Then, finding 2 st -

able road to this area became our next problem. Our choice ae Aaah

treacherous, steep and muddy road that was in the process of — skeen os

tainside. The trip proved worth the risk because M. mast sow, serubby

hoped it would be, and in full flower. The plants were 8% vidoe ni shad M.

subparamo trees in company with many other species of orchids !

elephanticeps.

century

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 315. Masdevallia mastodon

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 629

Masdevallia medinae Luer & Portilla, sp. n

Ety.: Named for Hugo Medina of Gualaceo, femten, who with Ivan Acaro, collected this om

d , petalis

_ eee mae a Peraeiniied Laer x om,

Lied

edium in size, — caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.5 cm lo

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-7 cm long including the petiole 1- tom

long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, ce 1.7 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary

flower borne by a slender, suberect to subhorizontal peduncle 4-4.5 cm long, with a bract near the base,

from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10 mm long; pedicel 13 mm long; ovary 5 mm long;

sepals orange, cellular-pubescent within, with minutely erose edges, the dorsal sepal pee con-

cave-inflated, 28 mm long, 10 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 12

rounded, abruptly contracted = slender, orange tails 15 mm long; petals whi te, cartila;

dinal carina produced into. a tas thick, incurved proc yon p white, finely raed with

oblong, 6 mm long, 2.75 mm wid

apiculate, the disc essentially featureless, the base obtuse, hinged beneath; column white, semiterete,

with a thin, purple margin, 5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long including a free, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del

Condor, oe aed alt. ca. 1500 m, collected by

Hugo Medi a and Iva ai Decitves, cultivated by Ecua-

genera in Pu eeh. 7 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19862

(Holotype: MO).

This species, recently discovered in

southeastern Ecuador, is related to the

Peruvian M. cranion with similar, ellipti-

cal, petiolate leaves. The more or less

suberect peduncle is shorter than the

leaves, and bears a considerably larger

flower. The sepals are semiconnate into

an orange, ovoid sepaline tube with an

inflated dorsal sepal. The lateral sepals

are rounded without forming a mentum.

The slender tails are shorter than the

blades. The petals are tridentate at the

apex, and with a large, knuckle-like callus

at the base. The lip is oblong and minute-

ly apiculate.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

630

Plate 316. Masdevallia me linae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 631

Masdevallia melanoglossa Luer, ne ena 4: 114, 1989.

Ety.: From the Greek melanoglossa, “a black ” referring to the purple-black lip.

Plant small, eign caespitose; — ee Ramicauls erect, — blackish, 0.5-1 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubul —— aths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, te, 4-7 cm long including

an sii petiole, wide, gradual d Inflor-

escen olitary coe ome by a en erect peduncle 2.5-3.5 cm log with a bract above the base,

from aa on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, Neha mm nae pedicel 6-7 mm long; ovary 3 mm long;

sepals white, glabrous, ie coves eget obl long-o ade 8 iO mm long, 4 mm wide, connate to

the lateral sepals for 7 mm t line tu obtuse

light a tail 9-11 mm long, the lateral sepals ‘obovate, perth the blades 8- * mm long, 5-6 mm

etc onnate 6 mm, the free portions obtuse, contracted into slender tails similar to that of the dorsal

: pares white, oblong, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, — apex obeuse, obscurely bilobulate, the label-

sons margin with a longitudinal callus ending in an acute, i ; lip purple-

black, elliptical-oblong, 4 mm long expanded, 1.5 mm ser the apex obtuse, recurved, the disc lightly

channeled, the base thickened, subcordate, —_— beneath; column white, semiterete, 3 mm long, the

oot 2.5 mm long, with a long, incurved extensi

a | Paes;

ECUADOR: Loja: gee in — forest west of

the pass cag Loja and Zamora, alt. 2600 m

collected by W. eats oe ril 1988, cultivated in

an Francisco, 8 July 1989, C. Luer 14388 (Holo-

type: MO).

This small species with narrow leaves

and a small, white flower with pale yellow

tails about as long as the sepaline tube

appears similar to M. minuta and its rela-

tives. However, the entire lip and the petal

with a marginal callus ending in an acute,

incurved process at the base place this

species in section Masdevallia instead of

section Minutae. The deep purple-black

lip is in marked contrast to the white

sepals, petals and column. It is visible

through the thin sepals

Masdevallia melanoglossa was discov-

ered by Walter Teague in 1988 without

flowers. A few sterile plants were culti-

vated and flowered the following year.

632 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 317, Masdevallia melanoglossa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 633

Masdevallia midas Luer, Selbyana 5: 394, a

Ety.: Named for

uy thes —s lA

& e o

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, Pi erect,

. 2.5 cm ye enclosed by 2-3 loose, blackish, tubular pot sae sagem coriaceous, dark green,

peckled and mottled with black beneath, petiolate, 2.5-9 cm long including the 0.5-3. 5 = long blackish

neces the ‘tied elliptical, acute, 1- 3 hy cm wide, the base ceo into be petiole.

yoeecirai er borne by an erect, blackish peduncle 1.5-4 cm lo vee na floral bract

m long, enclosing the 1.5-2 mm ao pedicel and part of the 2.5-4 mm long ovary; sepals fleshy,

wy green turning to yellow, then orange with age, dotted with black, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate,

mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex truncate, minutely apiculate, thickened along the labellar margin and

ending in an obtuse angle above the shortly unguiculate base; lip yellow-green, eee 7mm

long, 3 mm wide, slightly dilated above the middle to the thickened, obtuse, orange apex, the thickened

ish white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot short with an incurved exte

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud

et he 6208 (SEL). Loja: eetirties in cloud forest

uth of Yangana north of the pass, alt. 2700 m, 23

Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores

10894 (MO)

This species is known from only one

region in southeastern Ecuador where it

grows abundantly near a cold, windswept

pass with M. macropus and M. parvula

The section of Masdevallia to which this

species and its relative, M. tubulosa,

should be assigned, is not obvious. The

absence of a well-developed process at the

base of the petals and the presence of a

simple lip suggest the Central American

section Reichenbachianae.

A fresh flower of M. midas is green,

gradually turning to orange. The sepaline

tube is narrow with the apices thickened

and narrowly triangular (‘‘tailless’’); they

are narrowly attenuate in M. tubulosa. In

both species, the marginal callus of the petals ends in an obtuse angle above the

base, and the lip is oblong and shallowly channeled between a pair of low, longitu-

dinal calli.

634

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 318. Masdevallia midas

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 635

Masdevallia nebulina Luer, Phytologia 42: 465, re

Ety.: From the Latin nebulinus, “foggy,” referring to the habita

Plant small, epiphytic, — roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 3-6.5 cm long including the

petiole 1.5-2 cm long, the blade lpia acute, 0.9-1.3 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the

ls Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, suberect peduncle, 4-6.5 cm long, with a bract

~or the middle, vf low on Ge fakin tad bract tubular, 6 mm long; pedicel 7-14 mm long;

ov .5-3.5 mm long; sepals white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, carinate, 9 mm long, 4 mm

wide, lesnceigu to the lateral sepals for 6 mm into a broad, sepaline tube, the free portion roun con-

into an erect, slender, yellow tail 9-13 mm long, the lateral sepals suffused with orange-brown

basally, oblong, oblique, ide mm aa Tei * 5mm wide, conna’ te 2. 5 mm » forming a conspicuous mentum

with the column-foot, t tails similar to f the dorsal sepal; petals

white, eblane. 4 mm long, 1. 7 mm wide, ith th irregularly and obscurely bilobed, the labellar

half a broad, triangular, ti at the base; lip white, suffused

and flecked with t rose, oblong, 4. 5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, vobecuely cneaticte above the oo ie, with

the apex rose, rounded, the disc shallowly sulcate, g in white,

semiterete, 3.5 mm long, the foot 2.5 mm long, with ai an n incurved extension.

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic on

mossy trees northeast of Cochabamba toward Villa “sf

Tunari, alt. 2600 m, 26 Nov. 1978, C, Luer, J. Luer et

ee 472 tae ory same area, alt. 2900 m, 22 ‘a

MO). La Paz: Sud Yungas: cloud forest east of — ‘

Unduavi, alt. 3100 m, 21 Jan. 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer ae

& R. Vasquez 9416 (AMES, SEL); Nor Yungas, road

to Coroico, Aug. 1991, cultivated in Quito, Dec. é ‘

1991, A. Hirtz 5673 (MO).

This species is found relatively fre-

quently in the high-altitude, moss-laden

cloud forests on the northern slopes of the

Andes of northern and central Bolivia

where it is endemic. It grows saa

with M. scandens and M. yunga

Masdevallia nebulina is Tistingiished by the small, white flower suffused with

brown at the base. A conspicuous mentum is formed with the column foot. The

slender, yellowish tails are about as long as the sepaline tube.

636 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 319, Masdevallia nebulina

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 637

Masdevallia nitens Luer, ori ie 2: 376, 1978.

Ety: From the Latin nitens, “shin lished f the fl

PP Mw LOWES,

edium in size, epiphytic, = ae roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 5-8.5 cm long ri the

petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade — elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 1-1.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescen a solitary, co colorful flower, borne by an erect, slender puncte 5-8

m long, with a bract near the base, ie near t 8 mm long

pedicel 13-15 mm long; ovary greenish white, dotted with black, 5 mm long; sepals fleshy, rigid, gla-

brous, shining, the dorsal sepal yellow with 3 red-purple veins, narrowly oblong-cymbiform, ‘0

mm Tage ie mm _— a a ny maison to the lateral sepate wel = mm ~~ — a curved, cylindrical

y directed and

angu

ae pel tail 15. 17 mm n long, ihe lateral sepals ss with darker purple veins, oblong,

oblique, 15 mm long, 6 mm w foo!

the ia portions ovate alate, = acute apices contracted into slender, decurved tails 15 mm long;

y tride the upper

petals white, oblong, 6.5 mm | 1.5 mm wide, the apex truncate, irregular

tooth incurved, the le margin. with a longitudinal carina, produc ced ‘into at thick, incurved, uncinate

a the base cesses of the 2 lip; lip red-

S$ at

urple, narrowly oblong-ligulate, 7mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the apex acute, minutely verrucose central-

a the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column white, marked with red, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot

3 mm long, with a slender, incurved extension.

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in Meg

cloud forest nage Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, +7,

alt. ca. 2500 m, Feb. 1973, collected by Janet Kuhn, a

cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 7 June 1978, 2

C. Luer 2925 (Holotype: SEL); between Cochabamba tf

an Villa — alt. 2500 m, 26-30 Nov. 1979, C. L

Luer, J. Luer, F. Fuchs et al. 3547 (AMES, _ ae ge a

ane area, an 2700 m, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasque ae

Ric & W. Teague 16424 (MO). } i

This species occurs uncommonly in the

same habitat of cool, moist cloud forest on

the northern slope of the Andes in central

Bolivia as the locally abundant M. chapar-

ensis. Although vegetatively similar to

many of the medium-sized species of the

genus, the small flowers of M. nitens are

easily distinguished. The rigid, curved,

sepaline tube is purple-brown and glossy, as if varnished, with the top portion occu-

pied by the dorsal sepal yellowish and striped in purple. The three, slender, orang-

ish tails are decurved. Deep within the sepaline tube the hooklike processes of the

two petals meet over the base of the narrowly oblong, acute lip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

638

Plate 320. Masdevallia nitens

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 639

Masdevallia norops Luer & Andreetta, oo 39: 214, 1978.

Ety.: From the Greek norops, “bright, gleaming

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, angen, blackish, 2-4

, coriaceous, petiolate, 6-16 cm long including the

cm wide,

cg.

i=]

ing

baa |

cna

channeled petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower produced by an erect, slender peduncle ure cm pe

with a bract below the middle. from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 12-14 mm long; pedicel 20-22 m

long; ovary dark brown, pitted, 7-10 mm long; sepals i cp sa, suffused with bright reo de

glabrous ciesilie shortly pubescent withi ciliate-erose, chan-

neled along the midvein, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, deflexed, 17- 18 mm long, 11 mm wide, con-

nate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a broad, shallow w cup, the acute apex produced into's an erect,

green tail ca. 3 cm long, the lateral _ strongly falcate

40 mm long ‘including the tails, 5-6 mm wide, connate 5 mm to form a shallow secondary mentum, th

lateral margins incurved; petals ten oblong, 7. 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the one cniiige, econ

with a small apical lobule, the labellar half with a ite, retrorse

at the base; lip orange, oblong, 7 mm long, 3 mm wi de, the apex acute, minutely pubescent above the

middle, the disc with a pair of low, parallel calli, the base truncate, —_ nay ow; column light yellow,

semiterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a short, incurved extens

ECUADOR: Napo: epiphytic in Valle de Quichos

near Rio Solada, alt. 1500 m, Jan. 1976, collected by

etta and A.

Feb. 1978, C. Luer 2469 (Holotype: SEL; clonotype:

K); epiphytic in forests north of Baeza, alt. ca. 1500

m, 10 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A.

Andreetta 3212 (SEL). co yenp anges Cordil-

lera ie a oe it. 17 Nov.-5 Dec. 1944,

W.H

lid, a 1900 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A

PE onas: Bongar4, Venceremos, epiphytic

in tall trees, alt. 1500 m, Aug. 1983, iger, H

Koni M. Arias K-90a (K, M, MO, SEL, USM,

W., USM, Herb. H. Koniger).

This spectacular species is distributed

locally in the cloud forests of eastern

Ecuador and northern Peru. It is one of

many discoveries of Father Andreetta. It

is characterized by an elliptical, long- :

petiolate leaf and a unique, bright orange flower held somewhere near the middle of

the leaf. The sepals are comparatively fleshy and rigid for the section. The blade of

the dorsal sepal is convex and more or less horizontal with the acute apex reflecting

the long tail upward. The lateral sepals are rigidly concave, narrow and falcate,

more or less crossing. The petals are callous above the lower margin with a short,

blunt tooth at the base. The lip is oblong, acute, and arcuate.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 321. Masdevallia norops

‘

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 641

Masdevallia odontocera Luer & Escobar, Selbyana 7: 73, 1982.

Ety.: From the Greek odontoceras, ‘‘a tusk

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots _ set slender, blackish, 1.5-3.5 cm

long, Pee by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, 6-15 cm long including

the petiole 2-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, acute, 1. Ps 2.5 cm wide, previo below into the slender,

Seki petiole. Inflorescence a solitary, showy flower borne by a suberect, slender peduncle 1.5-4.5

duced simultaneously; floral bract 4-7 mm long; pedicel 4-7 mm long; ovary 5 ong; dorsal sepal

yellow with 3 prominent, i a stripes — — veins, red- mera within, cbovate, 15 mm m long, 9

mm wide, connate 12 mm to the lateral sepal orm a sepaline tube

slender, antrorse, yellow tail I. “eh 2 cm long; coed epee white, s sed wi th purple above the orange

base, with 3 darker purple stripes along the veins, red-pubescent witie: = —— 25 mm long, 9

mm wide, connate 8 mm to form a shallow secondary mentum, the acute attenuated into diverg-

ing, lightly upcurved, slender, white tails i je “ om long, petals white, oblong, 6: 5 mm lon g.3 mm wide,

tro:

the truncate apex bilobed, with a longitu retrorse

tooth longer than the unguiculate base om the petal lip white, flecked with purple, 7.5 mm _ - . mm

wide, ovate, truncate at the apex eon

the end, hinged beneath, the disc very shallowly channeled: column white had purple cies gene:

semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a slender, incurved extensio

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: epiphytic in

cloud forest, ig de Santa Inés, alt. 2050 m, 23 May

r, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7933 ;

(Holotype: SEL: Isotypes AAU, COL, JAUM); enn i

area, alt. 2100 m, 13 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Lue ae }

Escobar & E. Valencia ae (MO); Region rs = % ors

Sarare, between Alto de El] Oro and Alto de Santa

Inés, alt. 1800-2200 m, (941. J. Cuatrecasas, R.E.

Schultes & E. Smith 12400 (COL).

Although locally abundant, this species ;

is apparently endemic in the Eastern SN %

Cordillera of Colombia where it was first x aN

collected in 1941 by the team of J. Cuatre- 4 A

casas, Richard Schultes, and Elmer Smith, Ms e

noted botanical illustrator. Plants grow on P

mossy branches and trunks of small trees \

in dense, moist forests. a a.

Vegetatively indistinguishable from

numerous other small species of Masde-

vallias, M. odontocera is characterized by

the single, short-pedunculate, showy

flower with prominent purple stripes on a A

yellow dorsal sepal and rose-purple lateral

sepals. The lateral sepals are narrowly acute and acuminate into white, upswept

tails that are longer than the decurved tail of the dorsal sepal.

642 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 322. Masdevallia odontocera

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 643

Masdevallia os-viperae Luer & Andreetta, Lindleyana 4: 119, 1989.

Ety.: From the Latin os viperae, “the mouth of a snake,”’ in fancied allusion to the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia rana-aurea Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. eee 76: 151, 1999.

Ety.: From the Latin rana aurea, “golden frog,” as called by Andrés M:

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 1-2

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-9 cm long including the petiole 1-2.5

cm long, the blade elliptical-ovate, acute, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

solitary flower borne by a slender, suberect peduncle 3-5 cm long, with a bract above the base, from the

i bra m long; pedicel 6-8 mm long; ovary 4-6 mm long; sepals

red-brown to golden yellow, nearly gla sev to densely short-pubescent, the dorsal sepal oblong-

obovate, 14-19 m ax hone, 9 mm wide, the apex obtuse, contracted into a slender tail 25-30 mm long,

connate to the lateral sepals for 11-15 mm into a slightly compressed, horizontal, infundibular tube, the

lateral sepals suboblong, oblique connate 15 mm into

wi es Sempre AP

re)

fe)

)

o +

ji]

(°)

Ly |

a ©

pie

ons

PL, ee aN ee Oe Pe

24 mm

slender tails 15 mm long; petals white, cartilaginous,

reba 6-8 mm long, 2.5 mm w wide, the apex sub-

callus that forks into a subparallel, longitudinal pair

of calli, shallowly sulcate between, the base truncate,

: hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 5-6 mm

4 long, the foot “ mm long including a slender, in-

’ curved extensio’

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del

Condor, Rio Tuntaime, collected by A

Portillo & L. Morocho 1710, collected Apr. 1987,

cultivated by A. Andreetta at Paute, 24 Jan. 1989, C.

Luer 14058 (Holotype: MO); Cordillera del Condor,

600 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Oct.

2000, J. Portilla 1131 (MO).

PERU: Without collection data, obtained from J.

ae , cultivated by Maduro’s Tropical Flowers,

Cerr nta, Panama, 16 November 1998, C. Luer

13976 anne of M. rana-aurea: MO).

This species occurs uncommonly in

southeastern Ecuador and nearby Peru,

varying in details not deemed significant.

The leaves are acute and petiolate. The

color of the flowers varies from golden

yellow to red-brown. The sepaline tube

with a shallow ventricosity is held trans-

versely, similar to M. strobelii. The lateral

sepals are broadly expanded beyond the

tube with forwardly directed tails. The

Marginal callus of the petals ends in an

acute, retrorse process. The lip is narrow-

ly oblong and channeled between longitu-

dinal calli.

The specific epithet is a misnomer as

Padre Andreetta points out, because the

flower is beautiful and does not resemble

the head of a snake. I offer my apologies.

Plate 323. Masdevallia os-viperae

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ia OS-Viperae

Plate 324. Masdevall

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 645

—— ——— Rchb.f., Xenia Orchidaceae 3: 25, 1881.

Ety.: onor of Sr. Castello de Paiva of Bolivia at the request of Mandon in gratitude for

his ain in ee plants in Bolivia.

Masdevallia aspera Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 82, 1925.

=e From the Latin asper, “rough,” referring to the verrucose lip.

t. Ramicauls stout, ascending to erect, 2.5-4.5 cm

pg enclosed 7 2-3 tu si aa Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-10 cm eggs including the petiole 1.5-4

m lon ng, the blade narrowly elliptical, obtuse to subacute, 1.5-2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into

with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract thin, tubular, 7-10 mm long; pedi-

cel 12-15 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals white, suffused with yellow, or orange, suffused with

purple, densely oem! iia, the blade of | the dorsal sepal a obovate, 14 mm long, 6 mm bsg sina?

to the lateral sepals fe mm to form tracted

into a slender, ine tn vail 9- 16 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 13 mm long, pe mm aiid

connate for 7 mm, the ovate, subacute free portions contracted into slender tails 8-14 mm long; petals

white, oblong, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the truncate apex lobulate, notched or erose, the labellar half

with a longitudinal callus ending in a thick, antrorse a retrorse, descending process at the base; lip

yellow, suffused fa od en oblong, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the disc with a low pair of

cat calli, t obtuse, with a low callus in the middle, the base truncate, hinged below;

umn yellow- x ol $ mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a slender, incurved extension

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Larecaja, near Sorata, Cerro

Iminapi, alt. 2650-2750 m, Mar.-July ny G.

Mandon 1150 (Holotype: W; i s: AMES,

, K, LE, NY, P, S); same area, E. ae 24

5676, 5683 (SEL); Cerro eee along Rio

(MO); Charazani, below La Playa, alt. 2600 m, 5

May 1993, P. Gutte & B. Herzog 715 (LZ); without

locality, ‘‘Yungas,’’ Roezl s.n. (holotype of M.

aspera: W).

For many years the identity of this

species had been in confusion, several

other Bolivian species having been re-

duced to its synonymy. Masdevallia

paivaéana grows abundantly in the forests

of Bolivia north of La Paz. It is a shortly

repent species with relatively small flow-

ers, about the size of those of M. floribunda, as Reichenbach wrote in his original

description. The pleasantly fragrant flowers are white to rose-c colored and con-

spicuously pubescent within, but not mentioned in his original description made

from dried specimens. The densely pilose sepals are mentioned in the description

of M. aspera. Reichenbach apparently had realized that this was the same species,

but it was published by Kranzlin after Reichenbach’s death.

646 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 325. Masdevallia paivaéana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 647

Masdevallia patriciana Luer, Phytologia 39: 219, 1978.

Ety.: Named in honor of Sra. ——— Cevallos de Malo of Cuenca, Ecuador, wife of Dr. Benigno

Malo who discovered this speci

Plant _— epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-6 we ea ea

by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 2.5-3 cm long including the e 1-2 ong,

the blade alliptical- -obovate, obtuse, 0.8-1 cm wide, cuneate below into the slender, eee aoe

Inflorescence a solitary, — — borne by a slender, = to suberect peduncle 1.5-2 cm

long, with a = the base, from on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular 4 mm long; pedicel 6 mm

ate ovary 2:5 wen long; sepals membranots, the ee sepal ae orange below the middle, suf-

fus cept for a small area of microscopic pubescence within

near the apex, subquadrate, concave, , subcarin ahs 6 mm long, 5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals

for 5 mm to form a short, broad, gaping, suborbicular cup, the apices transversely obtuse, abruptly con-

tracted into a slender, erect, yellow tail ca. 2 cm long, the lateral og: white, suffused with purple later-

ally _ rose an teriorly, connate 5 mm into a concave, oblong lamina, 7 mm long, 6 mm wide unexpand-

ing a broad, deep mentum, the apices obtuse, contracted he slender tails ca. 2 cm long; petals

oa i: white, oblong, 4 sete kane. 2mm wi de, the apex truncate, tridenticulate, the labellar margin

with a longitudinal callus, p nate, incurved process above the base; lip white, a

with purple, ovate, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, narrowed above the middle to the acute, white apex,

disc with a pair of indistinct, longitudinal calli, column yellowish

d beneath;

white with purple margins, semiterete, 4mm long, the foot 3 mm long with an incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in cloud

forest of the eastern — of the Andes, alt. 2300 m,

collected by B. Malo, 1974, cultivated at Tarqui, 15

July 1977, C. erg 1710 (Holotype: oe same

collection, cultivated at Tarqui, 25 May 1988, C.

Luer 13681 (MO); Saraguro trail to J cae alt. 2800

m, collected and cultivated 1995, A. Hirtz 6136

(MO).

This dainty little species with multi-

colored flowers was discovered on the

slopes of the Andes east of Cuenca by

Benigno Malo. The exact locality has not

been revealed lest collectors deplete the

population.

Vegetatively, M. patriciana is not

distinct from most of the other small

species in the genus. The little flowers are

subglobose, formed by deeply connate,

inflated sepals. The laterals form a broad,

prominent, white mentum that contrasts

with the purples and orange above.

Although not as distinctly encephaloid as

some of the other species, the inflated tube

with a somewhat narrower orifice is surrounded by the obtuse apices of the sepals

that are abruptly contracted into slender tails longer than the tube.

648 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 326. Masdevallia patriciana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 649

— phacopsis Luer & Dalstrom, Lindleyana 9: 245, 1994.

.: From the Greek phakopsis, ‘freckled

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 10-13 mm

-_ enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 2-4 cm long

ncluding a petiole 1-2 cm long, ie blade elliptical, oo .8-1 cm wide, cuneate below into the

denis, blackish petiole. Inflorescence a single flow r, borne by a slender, a peduncle 10-15 mm

long, with a thin bract near the base, from near the meeps ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 4-5 mm long;

pedicel 5-7 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals fleshy, subcarinate along the midveins, dull orange with

multiple small spots, glabrous, the eu sepal oblong, concave, the blade 7 mm long, 3 mm wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a cylindrical tube, the free portion transversely subacute,

contracted into a stout, forwardly directed, orange tail oa - mm long, the lateral sepals obovate, obtuse,

oblique, 6 mm long, 4 mm broad, connate 4 mm into a concave | , forming a prominent mentum

av ina

below the column-foot, the apices contracted into eng forwardly directed tails similar to that of the

dorsal sepal; petals white, more or less oblong, with the apex acute, obliquely notched, 4 mm long, |

mm wide, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in an obliquely descending process at the

a lip dark purple, oblong, rigidly arcuate, 4.5 mm long expanded, 1.8 mm wide, the apex acute,

exed, the disc shallowly sulcate, the base notched, hinged beneath; column white, stout, semiterete, 3

mm — the foot 1.5 mm long with a slender, incurved extension.

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: epiphytic in moist forest

near Karahuasi, alt. 2250 m, collected Jan. 1994 by S.

Dalstr6m aa 7 S6nnemark, caltivated by Sdnne-

mark in Halmstad, Sweden, hese ug. 1994, C. Luer

17237 (Holotype: MO); between a apa and

aon alt. 2600 m, liens 2 June 1996, cultivat-

ed by J. Sénnemark in Halmstad, Sweden, S. Dal-

pn 2271 (MO).

This small species is locally abundant

and apparently endemic in the southern-

most part of the range of the genus in

central Bolivia. It occurs in cool, wet,

virgin forests at a moderately high altitude.

It is distinguished by short, elliptical

blades of long-petiolate leaves. The little,

dull orange flowers, diffusely covered

with tiny dots, are produced singly on

short peduncles. The petals are acute and

the deep purple lip is rigidly arcuate.

650 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 327. Masdevallia phacopsis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 651

Masdevallia picta — prawn ot 39: 223, 1978.

Ety.: From the Latin pictus, “painted, colored,”’ in reference to the multicolored flowers.

Plant small t dium in size, epiphytic, pit ts slend Ramic cauls blackish, slender,

erect, 3-8 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 5-18 cm

long including the petiole 2-6 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1.5-3.2 cm wide, the base cuneate

into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a single pases me by a slender, erect t peduncle 5- 10 cm long,

2-4 often appearing simultaneously, with a bract n e base, from

tubular, 8-10 mm long; pedicel 10-16 mm long; ars e mm long; dered oe white, suffused with

orange toward the base, suffused with bright rose on either side of idvein, obovate, 10

long, 4-5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 6-7 mm to ft i the free portion

triangular, the acute apex contracted into a bright orange, slender tail 2.5-3.5 cm ee lateral : sepals

white above <on middle, : tage perple below the middle, oe ovate, 30-45 mm long including the

tails, 5 mm w secondary mentum, the acute free portions ly

oe into aoreaeinn orange tails; petals white, marked with st along the callus, oblong, 4.5 mm

long, 2 mm wide, the truncate apex shallowly tridentate, the lower — — a a thick

callus ending in a short, acute tooth at the base; lip aa —_— speckled purple, oblong-sub-

pandurate, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex rounded, th with a pair of tas sn ae calli, the

base truncate, shallowly retuse, hinged be nee column pee marked with purple, semiterete, 4 mm

long, the foot short with a short, incurved extens

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud

forest east of Loja, alt. 2800 m, —_ — collected

by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui nca, 13 July

1977, C. Luer 1694 (SEL). ae cpp in cloud

forest east of Yangana, alt. 2850 m, 4 Mar. 1982, C.

Luer, A. Andreetta, S. Dalstrém & D. D’Alessandro

7158 a Cerro Toledo, southeast of Yangana, alt.

00 m, 6 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Ander-

son 23803 (AMES, _ 2 Cajanuma Range, alt. 2750

m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, fi Luer, A. Hirtz & W.

F Flores 10755 (MO); Chuguiribamba, silt 2800 m, ¥

May 1882, E. André 449 (K, P); *‘Saraguro,”’ alt.

2800 m, Feb. 1995, A. Hirtz 6178 (MO); Chuquiri-

bamba, alt. 2800 m, 7 May 1882, Poortmann 449 (P).

PERU: Cajamarca: Jaen, Rio Tabaconas, collected

by J. Campoverde, 1984, exported by M. Arias A-

318a, cultivated “id My jee WK-23 (K, M, USM,

W, Herb. H. Koni

This species is locally abundant, but

confined to high, cool, moist, cloud forests

of southeastern Ecuador and northern

Peru. In common with some other species

from high altitudes (near 3000 meters

above sea level) Masdevallia picta refuses

to grow and flower well, if at all, in green-

house conditions. ‘

In natural conditions, usually several, single, multicolored flowers with —

Sepaline tubes are borne simultaneously on slender peduncles from high .

ramicaul. The flowers are white, but suffused with orange and purple. ipa ik

of the oblong lip ends with a short point at the base, and the lip is oblong an

lowly channeled.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

652

Plate 328. Masdevallia picta

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 653

Masdevallia popowiana K6niger & J.G. Weinm., Bigger 5: 127, 1996.

Ety: Named for Nebojscha Popow who imported this spec

mall to medium in size, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish,

slender, hao 1-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Rr Coriaceous, » petiolate, 5-9 cm

long including the petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, the bl obovat obtuse, 1.75-2.5 cm

wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne byas pedunc’

5-6.5 cm long, with a ae above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral ral 13 8 mm long; pedicel

8-12 mm long; ovary green, 3-4 mm anes anyels ie, , with blackish spots and | verrucae along the

margins and apices of fie: aa sepals , deeply con

cave, 8 mm long, 7 mm wide unexp; anded, PEPSI te to the lateral Is for 2-3 mm to

form a subglobose, sepaline tube, ~ apex ne ronnie — contracted into an erect, stout,

yellow tail 13 mm long, the lateral aepals ¢ conn eS mm i borbicular, deeply concave © synsepal, 7

mm ape 10 mm wide unexpanded conic tr the column

obtuse = siege uapitia into stout, aac tails mm long; petals white, triangular, 4 mm

ine 1.25-2.5 mm wide, the ap tridenticulate, labellar margin callous with a triangular

wing ending at ie base; lip yellow with purple dots, obovate-oblong, with the apex obtuse, decurved, 5

mm long expanded, 3 mm wide, the sides oe dilated and convex near the middle, the disc feature-

less, the base truncate, hinged benea d the margin; column white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the

foot 4 mm long including a long, slender ul ion

PERU: Amazonas: without locality, imported by N.

Popow, flowered in cultivation Dec. 1995, by J.G.

Weinmann & E.B. Pfeifer, W. ae WK-58

(Holotype: M; nae K, UNALM, USM); without

locality, receiv m M. Arias by J & L Orchids,

flowered in ee 1996, C. Luer 17826 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in

Amazonian Peru, from whence, without

further information, it was imported and

sold to the trade. It is characterized by

elliptical, petiolate leaves and a solitary

flower borne about as high as the tops of

the leaves. The flower is subglobose, the

dorsal sepal being deeply concave, and the

ss also being deeply concave, but

a large, conspicuous, conical, retrorse

mentum. The sepals are white with raised,

blackish spots and warts along the mar-

gins. The tails are thick and about as long

as the blades

654 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 329. Masdevallia popowiana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 655

Masdevallia pumila Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. et Spec. 2: 6, t. . 1838.

Ety.: From the Latin pumilus, “dwarf,” referring to the small habit of the plant.

Syn.: Masdevallia filamentosa Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 105

Ety.: From the Latin filamentosus, Se ” referring to the coa tails.

Syn.: Masdevallia grandiflora C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 15: 26, t. 14, 1951.

Ety.: From the Latin grandiflorus, “with large flowers,” referring to the proportionately large flowers.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 5-15 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, cies cm long peas seygheene

a blackish petiole 2- : cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 0.7 wide, gradually

narrow

below into the petio rescence a single flower bome by a pporlinae nder peduncle 2-

4.5cm ce, with a thin as near the base, from low on the cage = bract tubular, thin, 7 mm

long; pedicel 9-12 mm long; ovary blackish, 3-4 mm long; gray-white, sometimes lightly

with ro

sepals

rose, glabrous, the dorsal i narrowly obovate, 10-12 mm ig +6 mm w wide, connate to the

sepal lindric , the fi

ally contracted see a filiform tail 20- 35 mm Tong, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, 12- 18 mm long, 5

mm wide, connate 3-5 mm, th

aol the dorsal sae petals w white, occasionally marked with purple, rm, 3. 5-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm

e truncate ibe entire to shallowly trilobed, the lower margin wi callus ending in

an pron angle or a short, free tooth ito the 7 and lower one lip red to light brown,

sometimes white, siioly esata Brio purp: ong, 3-4 mm lon ong, 1 Bs mm wi ide, the apex

sometimes cellular-glandu er e disc a a ir of | ord inged

on the end; = white, edged i in sant semiterete, 3-4 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with a aod

incurved extensio

PERU: Hudanuco: epiphytic dine forest

files 1830, Peaeia ton jess otype: W); Cuzco:

‘aucartambo, San Pedro to Santa Isabal, alt. 1350 m,

5 Dec. 1947, C. Vargas 006778 (holotype of

grandiflora: AMES; isotype: CUZ). Pasco: ne

xapampa, alt. 1800 m, 30-31 Jan. 1979, C. Luer ;

J. Luer (AMES, SEL).

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Monte Redondo, alt.

1600-1700 m, 15 Dec. 1950, M. Schneider 535 (S).

Putumayo: Valle de Sibundoy, collected by O.

Ospina. cultivated on Colomborquideas, 8 May 1985,

C. Luer 11305 (M

ECUADOR: pia epiphytic in forest 20 km east

19 Mar. 1

P. Taylor 1023 (SEL). Mervin -Santiago: in forests

F.C. Lehmann 6520 (holotype of M. filamentosa:

Ki: north - Gualaquiza, alt. 1600 m, 17 _ 1988,

C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W.

Teague 13416 (MO, QCNE); north of ‘Gualguia

near Rio Calagras, alt. 1400 m, 4 Nov. 1982, C. Luer,

" 8288 (SEL);

R. Escobar & D. D ‘Alessandro

85, G. Harling & L. Andersson 24366 (GB);

FW pest between San Juan Bosco and Gualaceo, alt. vai 1900 : Feb 1987, C. Luer. J. Luer

& W. Flores 10994 (MO); new road from Macas to Guamo

& A. Hirtz 12710 (MO); Cordillera del Cutucd, east of

Luer & A. Hirtz 12660 (K, MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: 19662 (MO).

collected by H. Medina, cultivated at Ecuagenera, 5 Mar 2001, C- See LC. Solomon 9536 (MO).

BOLIVIA: ne Paz: Nor Yungas, northwest of San Pedro, 24 Feb. 1983, 17 Jan. 1988, C. Luer. J.

habamba: Chapare, va ‘Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1200 m.

r&R. leo 12857 (M

e Andes from

This small species is locally abundant on me: eastern slopes of doa

central Colombia to central Bolivia. Lehmann’s Ao “M. pimcamearer

t. 117, herb. 6520, the type of M. filamentosa and aia The little, whitish

deposited at Kew. The clump of slender leaves is not pea eel peduncle. The

ower, occasionally faintly suffused with rose, i Oe a sepal, all three

free Portions of the lateral sepals are longer than that oO tr developed.

g filiform tails. The tooth of the petal is som J

b. ne c. = EA

656

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 330, Masdevallia pumila

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 657

Masdevallia quasimodo Luer & Teague, a 8: _— dt

Ety.: Named for Victor Hugo’s Quasimodo, the humpback o

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, indistinctly petiolate, 6-11 cm long

including a petiole 1- 2 cm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 2 1.6 cm wide, narrowly

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 1-1.5

cm long, with a thin bract near the a from near the base of a ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6 mm

long; pedicel 6 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; sepals purple, short-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal

bovate, 11 mm long, 5 mm wide, cee to the lateral sepals for 8 mm to form a broad, campanulate

tube, the free portion transversely obtuse, contracted into a subclavate, yellowish tail 7 mm long, the

lateral sepals oblong, oblique, obtuse, connate 7 mm into a bifid lamina 10 mm long, 9 mm broad, the

apices oblique with the thick tails 6 mm long and closely parallel; petals white, oblong, with the apex

truncate and ——— 3-lobed, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the labellar tomrgin we ‘ longitudinal callus

ending in an incurved yes at the —_ lip heavily marked long, arcuate,

mm long, 2 mm wide, argins minutely denticulate, the apex “obtus , abru en poemepasens

deflexed, the disc aus vaniia. the base subtruncate, tenes on hoon end, hi beneath;

column white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a free ex’

LIVIA: La Paz: Prov. of Nor Yungas, epiphytic

(Holotype: MO); northeast of Caranavi, alt. 1300 m,

July 1996, P. Cloes s.n. (MO).

Apparently endemic in the forests of

the northern slopes of the Andes of north-

ern Bolivia, this species is indistinguish-

able vegetatively from the majority of the

medium-sized species of the subsection. It

is easily recognized by the short peduncle

bearing a small purple flower with short,

thick tails.

It is reminiscent of two other Bolivian

species with a small, purple flower borne

by a short peduncle. From M. brachy-

antha, M. quasimodo is distinguished by a

single, non-successive flower with distinct

sepaline tails and an incurved process at

the base of the petals. From M. heideri,

M. quasimodo is distinguished by the

smaller flower, subclavate tail of the

—_ sepal, closely parallel tails of the lateral sepals, and the minu

1p.

tely denticulate

658 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 331. Masdevallia quasimodo

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 659

Masdevallia rimarima-alba aes — 42: 466, 1979.

Ety: From the local Indian name, —_— to M. uniflora Ruiz & Pav., plus the Latin

albus, ‘“‘white,” referring to the * herr unifl

Plant medium in size to large, tri Ramicauls slender,

erect, 2-7 cm long, enclosed by 7 33 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, c eous, petiolate, 7-13 cm

long including the petiole 4-5 cm long, the blade narrowly irri subacute, 1-2 cm wide,

gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect

peduncle, 4-24 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the st floral bract tubular,

11-14 mm long; pedicel 20-27 mm long; ovary 6-10 mm long; sepals white, often per thin, purple

stripes along the veins, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, 16-17 mm long, 11-14 mm , connate to

the lateral sepals for 10-11 mm to a broad, gaping, conical tul e apex goers: into a more

or less erect, thickened, green tail ca. 1 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, connate 10 mm into a

es 20- im mm wide, the apices obtuse, contracted into thick, , deflexed, green tails 6-8 mm long;

e, ob ong, 3 mm wide, ghtly

a ae neti callus endin a short. owly ob

fused with bright rose, ellptical-oblong, 7 “ mm nfo, 4 bine wide, with the margins more or reflexed

above the middle, the apex rounded with a bro

low, longitudinal calli, the base truncate, hinged beneath; column vig white with rose margins,

miterete, 6.5 mm long, the foot 4.5 mm long, with an incurved extens

PERU: Without locality, imported by J & L Orchids,

Easton, CT, sy R. Stiimpfle of Lima, Peru, culti-

vated 17 Nov. 1977, C. Luer 2210 (Holotype: SEL). ‘

h b li suf-

scrubby cloud forest above Huasa Huasi, alt. 2500 m,

25 Aug. 1983, W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger rs M. Arias

,M, ‘ , Herb. niger).

Without —— Tqui-

er 7 a ean at Coluohe q ¥ 5 mae ee

This species had been in cultivation as ,) 5

the ‘‘white uniflora,’’ the common name # at 8: i

distinguishing it from the “pink uniflora,” | 7 ¢ A

the M. uniflora of Ruiz and Pavén. Both “MS ai

of these closely allied species occur in the

damp, scrubby vegetation high above the

ancient community of Huasa Huasi in ca Mea:

central Peru. It was from this locality in \ =

1778 that Ruiz and Pavon made their j

collection of M. uniflora, which was des- ;

tined to become the type of the genus. %

Apparently endemic in this area, M. A

rimarima-alba is distinguished by the .

white, bell-shaped flower nai in purple with short, thick, green tails, and —

with a short basal tooth.

660 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 332. Masdevallia rimarima-alba

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 661

Masdevallia roseola Luer, Phytologia 47: 67, 1980.

Ety.: From a Latin roseolus, the diminutive of roseus, “rosy,” referring to one of the purple colors

of the flowe

all, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 2-3.5 cm long,

enclosed be E: 3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, eos — subacute, 5- cae

e base.

long, 1.1-1.2 cm wide, grad way eames igre into the indistinctly petiolat

solitary flower borne by a ender peduncle 3.4 cm long, with a bract near the ee,

from low on the ramicaul; floral bract wihaier, es 9m a pedicel 8-9 mm long; ovary olive-green,

pitted, 4 mm long; sepals dull white, lightly suffused with rose, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, 11-13

098 long, 7 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 8 mm to form cylindrical tube, the free portion

angular, subacute, contracted into a slender tail 22-25 mm long, the total length 36 mm

spal Lnngercesely ovate, oblique, 20 mm long, 6 mm wide, connate 6 mm, the acute apices gradually

up-curved tails 18-20 mm long, the total length ca. 38 mm; petals whi te, oblong, 5

mm long, 1.75 mm wide, nig apex rounded, the labellar margin longitudinally callous, terminating in an

eg angle above the mupuicuiate hase, Hp white, , suffused with rose, obovate, 5 mm —_ 2.25 mm

ordat

WEI &

semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot short with an sacnreen extension.

ECUADOR SE peicanpena et ae in cloud

forest between Loja and Zamora, alt. c

oc by R. iewies. cultivated in Mill Valley,

15 Dec. 1978, C. Luer 3643 (Holotype: SEL).

This species was collected by Ron

Hawley on the eastern declivity of the

Andes between Loja and Zamora, where it

has not been re-collected. The species

became confused with the very similar M.

lilacina, which was subsequently de-

scribed from Peru. Similar plants from the

Cordillera del Condor in southeasternmost

cuador were mistakenly identified as M.

roseola. Although the apices of the petals

of these later collections lack the minutely

denticulate edges of the apices of the

petals of M. lilacina, the narrower leaves

and the distinct marginal callus of the

petals indicate that these collections are M.

lilacina instead of M. roseola.

Masdevallia roseola is also related to

M. pumila, but it is distinguished from the

latter by the rose-colored sepals (the grayish white sepals of M. pumila are occa-

sionally oan pinkish), and the broader, ascending, lateral sepals with ascending

s. Although M. roseola has not been seen again, variations intermediate between

itand M. pumila exist.

662 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 333. Masdevallia roseola

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 663

evallia scandens Rolfe, Bull. New York Bot. ame a 453, 1907.

Ety.: From the Latin scandens, “scandens,”’ in reference to the

Syn.: Masdevallia buchtienii Schltr., ae Spec. Nov. — cig 10: 450, 1912.

Ety.: Named in h of Otto Buchtien who collected thi i

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, repent, with the rhizome 1-3 cm wee between ramicauls;

roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, long-petiolate, 8-14 cm long including the petiole 2-5 cm long, the blade gee obovate,

subacute, 1.5-2.2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. In solitary

borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle, 10-14 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low

on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 12-15 mm long; se 12-20 mm long; ovary 451 mm long; sepals

white to light yellow, suffused with — along th

shortly ent within, the blade of the sepal obovate, I1- 15 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, connate

to the lateral eaahte for 10 into a ooee sepaline

contracted into an erect, slender, yellow-green tail - x cm = log the blades of the lateral epee <1 ovate,

oblique, 15-22 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, connate ‘oot, the

apices subacute, contracted into tails similar to <A of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong ovate, 6-7

_ lap = 3 mm wide, with the ne subacute, obscurely lobed, the labellar r margin w a thick, longi-

a thick,

and speckled with brown, elliptical, re 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, with the apex thickened, acute, the disc

shallowly sulcate betw parallel pair of longitudinal calli, the base subcordate, hinged

column white, “ae dere me ie semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a long, slender,

incurved extensio

BOLIVIA: Without locality, ca. 1893, M. Bang 1797

(Holotype: NY; Isotype: AMES, BM, G, K, MO,

US). Without locality, B. Roezi s.n. (W). La Paz: f

Larecaja, near Sorata, E. Giinther 23 (HBG); Nor

Yungas, lithophytic near —— alt. 3200 m, Nov “t> ;

1910, O. Buchtien 2615 (holotype of M. buchtienii haps et

destroyed at B; lectotype: ces isolectotypes: G, f

HB, K, NY, US); Murillo, Unduavi, alt. 8,000 ft., t

Oct. 1885, H.H. Rusby 2736 (AMES, BM, G, K, LE,

NY, US); epiphytic i in cloud forest between Unduavi

aia ra alt. 3000 m, 27 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. f SY 5

7, R. Vasquez et al. 15360 (MO). a temny H

This species is endemic and locally

abundant in the cold, wet forests near high Y

Passes in the Yungas of Bolivia. It has £

been collected by most, if not all the ped

botanists who have visited the area. ee }

Masdevallia scandens is characterized \

by the elongated, climbing rhizome that i

Produces ramicauls in apposition for a ‘

more or less caespitose appearance. The .

long-petiolate leaves seem weak. They are j

usually surpassed by the long, slender,

single-flowered peduncle. The flower is pale yello

lightly suffused with rose or purple, with slender tails

The marginal callus of the petals end ina thick, retrorse proc

is elliptical and acute.

ae | p

vi * i

wish, sometimes variously but

three to five centimeters long.

ess at the base. The lip

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 334, Masdevallia scandens

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 665

Masdevallia schoonenii Luer, Lindleyana 8: 53, 1993.

Ety.: Named for Jan A.C. Schoonen of Putte, the Netherlands, who discovered this species.

Plant small, — caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, black, 0.5-1 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, age ae , dark green, petiolate, 2.5-4 cm too

including a blackish t se ole 0.5-1.3 cm long, the blade elliptical, ‘obtuse, 1-1.5 cm wide, cuneate be!

into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, | borne by a slender, T, erect peduncle 4 3-5. 5 cm long, | vt

a thin bract near the base, from near th

20 mm long; ovary thick, 6 mm long; sepals slightly fleshy, yellowish, with a spot of brown at the ae

of the lateral sepals, subcarinate pe along the veins, minutely pubescent within, the dorsal sepal

obovate, concave below the apex, 11 mm se 8 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 4 mm to

anulate tub ic , abrupt! tracted i an acute! pg

wide, exmaute 5 mm into a hen shallow — th

truncate

cess above the base; lip yellow, erect, rhombic, 4 mm long, 3 3. 5 yee wide, the apex opnens Sm wen a 8 ick

deflexed callus, the disc superficially channeled, t

semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot with a thin 1 mm ‘ong, incurved extension. —

PERU: Amazonas: epiphytic near Pomacochas, alt.

2100 m, July 1991, cultivated at Putte, the Nether-

lands, Nov. 1991, J. Schoonen 9203 (Holotype: MO),

C. Luer illustr. 16232

This species is about midway between

subsections Caudatae and Masdevalliae,

but because of the deeper than usual

connation between the dorsal sepal and

concave lateral sepals it is treated here in

subsection Masdevallia. The small, pe-

tiolate leaves are broad with black pe-

tioles. The somewhat fleshy, campanulate

flower is yellow with thick, recurved tails

about as long as the blades of the sepals.

The water-content is probably high be-

cause the tails become thin when dried.

The petals are rounded at the apex and the

labellar margin is thickly callous with a

blunt, basal process. The lip, erect in the

natural position, is rhombic with a thick,

recurved callus at the narrowed apex.

}

666 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 335. Masdevallia schoonenii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 667

Masdevallia selenites K6niger, Die Orchidee 31: 119, 1980; emend. 36: 87, 1985.

Ety.: img the Greek selenites, “in the form of the moon,”’ referring to the subspherical, white

flowe

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-4.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 10-14 cm long including the petiole 2-4 cm

long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 2.5-3.7 cm wide, cuneate below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence

a solitary, snow white flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 5-6 cm long, with a bract near the base,

from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10-13 mm long; pedicel 16-21 mm long; ovary green, 7-8

mm long; sepals white, faintly yellowish toward the base with a small red spot glabrous series,

shortly pubescent within, the dorsal sepal obovate, 7 12 mm long, 11 mm

nate to the lateral sepals for 11 mm to form a suborbicular, sepaline cup, the transverse apex poor

contracted into an erect, slender, light yellow tail 2-2. Se cm long, thickened above the middle, the lateral

sepals + sei obavate, oblique, concave, 10 mm long, 10 mm wide, connate 9 mm, forming a

: tracted into

Sdeider tails: 2. 2.5 cm long; petals white, more or less oblong, 6 mm long, | 1. 5-2. 15 mm wide, the apex

tridentate, the labellar margin with a

y unguiculate base; lip yellow, elliptical-ovate, 6.25 mm lon ong, 2.5 mm wide, the margins

ular and revolute above the middle, the apex obtuse, apiculate, the base eee Ane sosd tosaiiia

umn white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a short, incurved

PERU: Junin: near Huasa Huasi, alt. 3000 m, 1978,

I Meza Tr. 5.n. (Holotype: SEL; clonotypes: K, M);

same

Germany, Nov / 1978, C. Luer 4854 (SEL); same

collection, cultivated by Colomborquideas, Colom-

bia, 20 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13289 (MO).

This species, along with M. cyclotega,

M. parvula and M. scitula, was exported to

Germany from Peru in 1978 by Jorge

Meza Torres of Chachapoyas. The locali-

ty given was a narrow valley within the

Chanchamayo valley above Huasa Huasi.

Vegetatively similar to many other

species of the section, M. selenites is readi-

ly identified by the snow white, globose,

Sepaline cup with a tiny red dot at the

ase. The opening to the pubescent interior

of the flower is small, so that the petals,

lip and column cannot be seen. The tails

of the sepals emerge abruptly from the

blunt apices of the sepals. The erect,

Orange tail of the dorsal sepal is clavate-

ickened.

668 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

“ae nESm eater

(pe UIA,

Plate 336. Masdevallia selenites

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 669

aa soennemarkii Luer & ns Presiden 9: 252, 1994.

.: Named in honor of Jan S6nnemark of Hal. Sweden, co-discoverer of this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, ta roots coarse. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 1.5-

2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, cori acooms; long peteiats —

long including a petiole 2.5-3.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, acute, 2-2. reat cm w

the slender, blackish petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 1 pope cm

long, with a bract near the base, from near the base of a ramicaul; floral bract Pane 6-7 mm long;

pedicel 9-14 mm long; ovary 5 mm long, subtricarinate; sepals fleshy, subcarinate alon veins,

yellow-orange, pubescent within, the dorsal se sepal purple alo ong the midvein, obovate, Sancti the blade

13 mm long, 8 8mm 10 mm to form a cylindrical tube, the

free portion transversely obtuse, contracted into an orange, forw rwardly directed tail 10 mm long, the later-

al sepals heavily suffused with purple, obovate, obtuse, oblique, 15 mm long, 6 mm broad, connate 7.5

mm into a concave lamina, with a shallow mentum below the column-foot, » the apices ray eHod

descending tails 6 mm long; petals hewnee> samira tely mn eg,

1.5 mm wide, the labellar margin with slender, d

mm long at the base; lip dark purple, sy rigidly arcuate, 6. 5 mm Tong pron 2. 5 mm am wide, he

we acute, decurved, the disc shallowly sulcate, the b

miterete, 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long with an incurved extension.

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: epiphytic in moist forest

Karahuasi, alt. 2300 m, collected Jan. 1994 by S.

Dalstrém and J. Sénnemark, cultivated by Sénne-

mark in Halmstad, Sweden, 13 Aug. 1994, C. Luer

17238 (Holotype: MO).

This species, locally abundant in wet

forests at moderately high altitudes in the

southernmost part of the range of the

genus in central Bolivia, is distinguished

by elliptical, long-petiolate leaves. The

flowers are borne singly on short, more or

less horizontal peduncles no longer than

the petioles of the leaves. The sepals are

rigid and orange with suffusion of purple

along the midvein of the dorsal sepal,

while the laterals are intensely suffused

with purple, shiny, and shortly pubescent and spiculate within. The petals are

minutely tridenticulate. The deep purple lip is arcuate, sulcate, and acute at the

apex.

670

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 337. Masdevallia soennemarkii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 671

Masdevallia solomonii Luer & Vasquez, Learns 3: 204, 1988.

the Missouri Botan

Ety.: Named in ag of James C. Solomon, curator ical Garden, co-discoverer

of this specie

Plant s t trial lativel amicauls erect, slender,

1.5-2 cm sg ee oe 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, re cm long including the

= 1-2 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 0.7-1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into we

petiole aig en a seta — borne by a slender, erect peduncle 5-6 cm long, with a

m low aul; floral bract tubular 6-9 mm long; pedicel 7-18 mm long; am

3-5 mm lo ong: bates soon vith 3 brown stripes along the veins, cari densely short pubes-

cent within, the dorsal sepal obovate, concave, it mm long, 10 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral

sepals for 7 mm to form a broad, sepaline cup t flexed.

— orange tail 2.5 cm long, the itera sepals oblong, oblique, ad mm long, 6 mm wide, connate 7-8

‘nics orange tails 2 cm long; ry light yellow-brown, more or Nee oblong, 6mm long, 2 mm wide,

the apex acute, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in a long, slender, incurved, truncate

process from = se ~ = yellow-brown, — arcuate, broadly obhiae, 7 mm long, 4 = _

expanded, the ongitudinal pair of lo

rounded, sen suleate, haged beneath; column ig yellow, ‘semiterete, 5mm n long, the ott roe mm

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Prov. of Murillo: valley of the >}

Rio Zongo, alt. 2650 m, pene es ited road cut, eae |

30 Jan. 1988, C. Lue r, J. Solomon, T. & D. a

Mulder & A. Vogel es ee aie MO: faeces if

K, LPB). (

This species is apparently endemic in

the Zongo Valley north of La Paz where it

has been found on a few occasions. The

brown-striped, yellow-orange, suborbicu-

lar flowers are very distinct with a large,

deep mentum of the sepaline tube. The

long, incurved extension from the column-

foot fits into this mentum. The oblong,

arcuate lip is similar to but much smaller

than that of M. yungasensis, which is also

found in the same valley.

672

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 338. Masdevallia solomonii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 673

Masdevallia Xstrumella Luer, por epiten a ee 9, 1988.

Ety.: From the Latin strumella, “a little pali

as compared to that of M. strumifera.

Plant medium in size, — caespitose; ace ms ats erect, slender, blackish, 2.5-3

cm hom enclosed by 2-3 tu heaths. Leaf erec games ie 9-12 cm long including

the petiole 3-5 cm long, pers — pact silica ee 1-1.2 cm wide, gradually nar-

rowed below into the slender, blackish petiole. Infloresce mee a solitary, white flower borne by a

slender, erect, peduncle 12-15 cm long, with the middle, from low on the ; floral

bract tubular 8-9 mm long; pedicel 13-16 mm long; ovary black, 5 mm long; sepals white, microscopi-

cally pubescent within, the dorsal sepal obovate, a Pci ree ng, 6.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals

for 8.5 mm to form a cylindrical, sepaline cup, the te apex contracted into an erect, slender, light

yellow tail 28-35 mm long, the lateral e's oblong bie 18 mm long, 6 mm wide, connate 6.5 mm,

forming a mentum with the column-f il

the dorsal sepal; petals white, more or re hoy 4. 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the truncate

ly lobulate, the lower margin with a longitudinal carina, produced into an incurved soa above the

unguiculate base; lip yellow, oblong, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the margins lightly erose above the

middle, the apex round with a decurved, marginal callus, the base truncate, meee beneath; column

white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with an incurved extension

COLOMBIA: Santander: epiphytic in cloud forest

ae of Bucaramanga, alt. 2950 m, 7 May 1984, C.

er, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10180

ice: MO).

Several plants answering the above

description were found in an area of cool,

moist, cloud forest inhabited by the white-

flowered M. tubulosa characterized by a

long, narrow, chinless, cylindrical sepaline

tube. The free portions of the lateral

sepals and the sepaline tubes of the strange

plants were broader, and a definite but

small mentum was formed at the base, but

not as prominently as that of the smaller

white-flowered M. strumifera character-

ized by a shorter, broader sepaline tube

with a deep mentum. Masdevallia strumi-

fera was abundant in scrubby cloud forest

at an altitude about 200 hundred meters

higher. The petals of the strange flower

were broad, resembling more closely those

of M. strumifera. The oblong lip of either

Species is not distinctive.

Most likely the above described taxon represents a natural sta ages

tubulosa and M. strumifera, but no attempts at hybridization 25a

parents has been carried out to prove or disprove the supposition.

674

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 339. Masdevallia Xstrumella

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 675

Masdevallia strumifera Rchb.f., Flora 69: 560, 1886.

Ety.: From the Latin strumifer, “bearing a goiter,” referring to the prominent mentum.

Pa Masdevallia chrysochaete Lehm., Bot. Jahrb. a 26: 452, 1899, nom. nud.; Lehm. &

nzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Re gni Veg. Beih. 34: 159, 1

Se From the Greek sie ge “orange hair,”’ probably referring to the tails.

Syn.: Masdevallia of etapa Lehm. yi Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 433, 1921.

ity * From As say Ried id . e: +h L £ eh 41 kK > “1. AMaviliasia

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect, coriaceous, 1-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf dark green often mottled with black, erect, coriaceous, pe-

tiolate, 2-12 cm long including = petiole 1-5.5 cm long, the blade narrowly ee acute, 1-1.7 cm

oe gradually narrowed below into nes slender, blackish ‘petiole. I

by a slender, erect peduncle 2.5- 1 1 cm long,

bract 6-12 mm long; pedicel 4-12 mm nla ovary 3-5 mm long; pat ite, niche toward the base

and mentum, the dorsal sepal obovate, 10-12 mm long, 4.5-5.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for

7-10 mm to form an arcuate, pee tube, the free portion triangular with microscopically erose

margins, the apex acute to obtuse contracted into a slender, yellow tail 16-18 mm long, the sepals

ent within, ovate, Saye 11-16 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, connate 6-10

mm, forming at the base a deep, x narrow mentum with the column-foot, the acute apices contracted into

slender tails 15-18 mm long; petals white, oblong, 5 mm long, ee 25-3 mm wide, the obtuse she various-

ty lightly bilobed, with a short, obtuse apiculum to shallowly 3-lobed, the labellar margin callous, ending

an obtuse tooth above the base; lip orange, oblong, 7T- 8 mm ee a. 25-3 mm wide, _— —_

belie the rounded apex with a low, midline callus, oft

below; column white, semiterete, 4-5 mm long, the foot 4-5 mm long

COLOMBIA: Without locality, F.C. Lehmann 2720

(Holotype: W). Norte de Santander, old department

Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7575 (AMES, MO,

SEL); east ‘a Bucaramanga, alt. 2950 m, 7 May

4, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia

2600 m, 1854-57, J. Triana s.n. (P); _ rén de San

(BAS), between Bogoté and Choachi, alt. 3200 m, 5

Aug. 1955, J. Renz 8450 (BAS); between Sub-

Chicé, alt. 2700-3200 m, 2 Jan. 1944, M. Schneider

148 (AMES); above Gutierrez south of Bogoté, alt.

700 m, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 10379 (MO). An

= 1952, M. Schneider 148 (S). Valle del Cauca meres

m. iy le Sauer 20214 (AMES, US); Buena ista,

(US). Cauca: P4ramo de Moras, alt. 3000 m, 3 Mar. 1883, FC. Lehmann 2673 papi somone IE

anit alt. 2900-3200 m, 20 Feb. 1884, FC. Lehmann 3720 (BM, BR, K); Laguna de

m, 7-12 Oct. 1958, hirobo, Pinto & Kischier 3893 (P). ‘ 9 May 1951. J.

ELA: TAchira: between La Revanche and Las De Delicias, Miralejos, alt. 2000 m,

alt. $200

676 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 340. Masdevallia strumifera

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 677

Renz 6922 a te Péramo de La ea alt. 2700-2900 m, 29 Aug. hepsi of - pied & M. Rabe

96917 (AM EN); mossy fi alt. 3000 m, Sept. 1974,

oe C.K. Sekine 1327.

UADOR: Carchi: epiphytic in cloud forest above Maldonado, alt. 2500 m, 25 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J.

oe a A. Hirtz 3410 (SEL). Sucumbios: below La Bonita, alt. 2000 m, Oct. 1996, §. Dalstrém, S.

Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 2276 (MO). leans eastern slopes of Volcdén Cayambe, Naranjito, alt.

9,700 ft., 7 May 1944, W.B. Drew E-167 (AMES). Tungurabua: Cordillera de Llanganates, El Triunfo,

alt. 2800 m, Feb. 1991, A. Hirtz 5146 (MO).

Masdevallia strumifera grows epiphytically or terrestrially, commonly at al-

titudes over 3000 meters above sea level in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela. In

common with other species from high altitudes, M. strumifera usually resists suc-

cessful cultivation. The plant is characterized by narrowly elliptical, petiolate

leaves borne by slender ramicauls that are often blackened as seen in numerous

species of the genus.

The small, white flower is borne above the middle of the leaf by a slender

peduncle, even when the leaf is only a few centimeters high. The flower is easily

identified by the long, narrow mentum (the goiter) formed by the bases of the lateral

sepals and the elongated column-foot. The marginal callus of the petals ends in a

short, blunt process. The lip is oblong with an obscure pair of longitudinal calli.

678 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 341. Masdevallia Strumifera

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 679

Masdevallia suinii Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named in honor Linder Suin of Gima, Ecuador, who caeine this —

Species haec M. corderoanae Lehm. & Kraenzl affinis, d ioribus peduncul

basali, sepalis lateralibus quinque-nervis, et p joribus distinguity

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-4.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ‘petiolate, 8-14 cm long including

the petiole 3-4 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 2-3.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole.

co. a solitary flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 8-9 cm long, with a bract above the

base, node low on the ina: floral bract tubular, 12 mm long; pedicel 15 mm long; ovary 7

mm long; | eal dirty white to tan, wi e veins striped with purple-brown, microscopically

pubescent within, the dorsal <n pete, the blade 27 mm long, 16m n wide, connate to to the lateral

sepals for 17 mm to form a broad, sepaline tube, th

tracted into a stout tail 23 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 50 mm long, each 16 mm wide,

connate 11 mm, forming a broad mentum with the column-foot, the free portions acute, gradually nar-

rowed into slender tails ca. 15 mm long; petals white se purple midvein, marked with 1 purple, «

11 mm long, 6 m salen the obtuse apex obscurely | peer: the lower margin with a

ip da

rk purple, bpandurate, 15 mm

carina ending in

long, 8 7." n wide, wes ‘apex truncate, recurved, with a nari ‘midline callus, the base subcordate,

deeply cl semiterete, 11 mm long,

the foot “i mm long with a3 mm long, incurved exteasion,

ECU. R: Azuay: Near Gima, collected b

Suin, alt. ca. 2500 m, Feb.2001, C. Luer 1979] poe

type: MO).

This species, apparently confined to

southeastern Ecuador, was recently dis-

covered by Linder Suin. It is closely relat-

ed to M. corderoana, which is scattered

through much of Ecuador. Vegetatively, it

differs from the latter by a shorter, stout

ramicaul that bears the peduncle from near

the base. The ramicaul of M. corderoana

is more slender, bearing the peduncle from

near the middle or higher.

The darkly colored flowers are large

with the sepals striped in purple or brown

along the veins. The laterals are promi-

nently five-veined. The petals, lip and

column are basically similar to those of M.

corderoana, but significantly larger. The

lip is narrowed below the truncate apex.

The floral dimensions quoted above are

from a single, but average-sized flower.

Both larger and smaller flowers were

present on other plants.

680 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 342. Masdevallia suinii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 681

aig col pok-iaieet Luer, Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. 3: 41, ce

— this —

ant edium in size to large, ep iphytic, lend cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 paeien = sheaths. ‘Leaf erect, coriaceous, ounsetaiee tea 12-17 em k cm i a depo

the petiole 5-8 cm the blade elliptical, acute to subacu te, 2-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the

petiole. » a single flower borne bya slender peduncle 10-12 cm ee with a tubular sheath

above the base, from a node 2-4 cm above ee ee ee bract thin, tubular, th

long; pedicel 2-3.5 cm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals white, lightly suffused with rose,

nally, densely but finely pubescent able above the middle, the dorsal sepal obovate, 18 mm long, 10

wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals | for 11- 13 mm into a cylindrical, sli arcuate, sepa-

be, the apex obtuse to rounded, light yellow tail 13-15 mm

long, the lateral ais connate oe 13 mm Ps ge into

an obovate, bifid lamina, 18 mm wide, 3-ve

}

the apices ‘subacute, pacers so ther light

yellow tails 10-12 mm long; petals white, cartila-

ginous, oblong, obscurely lobed at the broadly obtuse

t m

white, oblong, 7-11 mm long, 4.5-5.5 mm wide,

apex obtuse to truncate, recurved, the disc with 3 aw

low, longitudinal calli, m ost prominent at the apex, aes

‘. :

column-foot; column semiterete, white, 6.5-9 mm

long, the foot 3 mm long with an incurved extension,

the anther and stigma ventral.

PERU: Ayacucho: road to pay oir ted by

Silvano in the employ of M. Ari red in culti-

vation in Ein ilies “ite Netherbouti, BA ug. 2000,

S. Dalstrom ses (MO), C. Luer illustr. 19382.

This species is apparently endemic in

central Peru. Vegetatively, the leaves are

remarkable for the slender, elongated

petiole about half the length of the acute,

elliptical blade. The peduncle rises from

the ramicaul above the base and reaches

about as long as the petiole. The flower is

borne by an elongated pedicel to near the

middle of the leaf.

The shapes of the sepaline tubes of the

Several clones that have been seen are

variable in color, in pubescence, and in

Proportions. The color is whitish and

variously suffused with pale rose. The

pubescence varies from nil, to densely

short-pubescent. The callus of the petals

is produced into a thick process protruding

beyond the base. The lip is comparatively

constant, being oblong and tricallous with

a broad, recurved apex.

Plate 343a. Masdevallia terborchii

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

682

Plate 343. Masdevallia terborchii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 683

Masdevallia tinekeae Luer & Vasquez, Lindleyana 3: 207, 1988.

Ety.: Named in a of Tineke Rolfsema Mulder of Wageningen, The Netherlands, who first

discovered this speci

Plant small, epiphytic to terrestrial, caespitose; roots slender. a erect, slender, 1-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-7.5 cm long including the petiole

2- = cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 1-1.2 cm wide, narrow = cuneate below into the petiole.

solitary flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 6-6.5 cm long, with a bract near the

a from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular 8-10 mm long; pedicel 10-15 mm long; ovary, 3-5

mm ties sepals white, dotted within with purple, suffused with light yellow at the base, carinate,

ly short pubescent within above the middle, the dorsal sepal obovate, concave, 11 mm long, 8 mm wide

cepa connate to the lateral sepals for 7 mm to form a broad, sepaline cup, the rounded apex con-

tracted into an erect or reflexed, wear: yellowish tail 3 cm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, 10

mm ‘hei 5 mm wide, connate 4 into a prominen 2 mm deep.

oblique, subacute, contracted into ee seleiet tails 2.5 cm oe petals light yellow, more or less

oblong, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex acute, th

long, slender, incurved, pointed process from ‘ie base; na ellen cli, arcuate, broadly obtuse, 6mm

long, 4 mm wide expanded, the disc with a longitudinal pair of low calli, with a central callus ending at

the apex, the a wounded, beak sulcate, hinged beneath, column ah yellow, semiterete, 5 mm long,

the foot 7 m

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Prov. of Chapare: epiphy-

tic in cloud forest northeast of Cochabamba, alt. 2800 aaa

m, 18 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, T. Mulder, D. cS

Mulder & 2 Vogel 12885 (Holotype: MO); same Z

area, alt. 2850 m, 6 Jan. 1994, S. Dalstrém & J.

Sénnemark 2011 (MO). :

This species, apparently endemic in nf %,

central Bolivia, was first discovered in i }

1988 by Tineke Mulder in a forest that had :

been visited by botanists repeatedly for the

past century. Masdevallia tinekeae is very

closely related to M. solomonii, but it is

readily distinguished from the latter by

white flowers spotted with purple instead

of orange and striped in brown; a sparse

instead of a dense pubescence; anda

Sharply pointed labellar tooth instead of a

Narrowly truncate tooth.

684 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 344. Masdevallia tinekeae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 685

Masdevallia trautmanniana Luer & Portilla, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

G 1

’

Ety.: Named for Giinter Trautmann of Stuttgart, Germany.

kh a , epip ic, 1 : ge ee ee

Plant medium in size f

slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm ty enclosed by 2 3 loose, black, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec

obtuse, 1.5 cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. orescence a solitary flower borne by a

slender, erect peduncle 3 cm long, with a bract ai ae Bese from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular,

7 mm long; pedicel 5-7 mm long; ovary 4.5 mm long; sepals pale dull yellow, woe suffused with ea

rosy orange, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, 16 mm long, § 8 mm wi ide, connate lateral sepals for

12 mm to form a cylindrical tube, th directed, slender, yellow-

ish tail 18 mm long, the lateral sepals roa 25 mm long, 10 mm wide, connate 15 mm, the free por-

tions rounded, contracted into tails 11-12 mm g; petals white, oblong, 7 = tong, 2.5 mm wide, the

apex subtruncate, obscurely bilobed, the lowe

retrorse tooth b ee rose, narrowly oblong, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex subacute,

rigs recurved, the disc with a pair of low, | dinal

the base truncate, — beneath; elise white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with the

extension 1 mm lon

ECUADOR: Bed Cordillera del

Condor, alt. 2000 m, collected Feb. 1997 by Hugo

Medina, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Guckeans,

Ecuador, Oct. 1999, J. Portilla 17 (Holotype: MO),

C. Luer illustr. 19245.

This species is apparently endemic in

southeastern Ecuador. Vegetatively, it is

characterized by small, elliptical, petiolate

leaves borne by short, blackish ramicauls.

The short peduncle reaches about the

length of the petiole and bears a pale,

salmon-colored flower with relatively

short, forwardly directed tails. The basal

tooth of the petals is acute and elongated

beyond the base. Most distinctive is the

narrowly oblong lip with a pair of calli

along nearly the entire length.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 345. Masdevallia trautmanniana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 687

oes trigonopetala Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 105, 1925.

Ety.: From the Greek trigonopetalon, ‘‘a triangularly shaped petal,” * referring to the petals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish slender, erect, 0.5-1 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect coriaceous, 3-6 cm long including the — 1-1.5cm long,

the slender,

near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 5 long; pedicel 6 mm — itis mm long;

sepals white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal 8-13 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 7-8

mm to form a cylindrical sepaline tube, the acute, prc free portion acamianty into s thick, yellow

tail 5-10 mm long, ie lateral sepals oblong, 18- 20

lamina 9 mm wide, t wile imilar to ht of the dra sp: petals white,

subtriangular, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, the broadly i

lar margin with a thick, lon tudinal carina ending in t , unguiculate,

lower third; lip white, sted with yellow at the ; apex and base, et 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, the

obtuse apex recurved, w ow medial callus, the sides recurved, the disc with a low, thick pair of

longitudinal calli, the Ah sbeordate, hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 3 mm long, the foot 2

mm long with an incurved extensi

COLOMBIA: on locality: collected by F.C.

Lehmann 345 (Holotype: K). Putum mayo: near San

Francisco, = ca. 1700 m, Jan. 1981, P. Ortiz 988

(herb. P.

ECUADOR: ( ro below La Bonita, alt. 17

(SEL); Valle de Zamora, alt. 1000 m, collected by A.

Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated at ‘Sou 24 May

1988, C. Luer 13623 (MO).

This species was collected by Consul

Lehmann, without locality or number, but

his painting of this species, t. 724, is at

Kew. Masdevallia trigonopetala occurs

infrequently on the eastern slopes of the

Andes of Ecuador and southern Colombia.

Vegetatively similar to the majority of

the small or medium-sized species of the

section, this species is related to M. tubu-

losa. The small white, tubular flower is

superficially similar to that of M. minuta d

or M. tubulosa, but the triangular petal of this species is diagnostic. The a

callus along the labellar margin ends in a subacute tooth well above the ungu!

- The oblong lip appears pandurate because of reflection of the sides.

688 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 346. Masdevallia trigonopetala

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 689

— truncata Luer, beep 8: 55, 1993,

Ety.: From the Latin truncatus, “truncate,” referring to the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicaul , erect, 0.5-1.5 em long, en-

closed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 5-7 cm kag including the petiole 1.5-2.5

cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 0.7-0.9 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the pe-

tiole. Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 6-6.5 cm long, with a bract

the base, from near the base of a ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6 mm long; pedicel 10-12 mm long; ovary

5 mm long; sepals yellow, flecked with orange-brown, especially along the veins, glabrous, mem-

branous, the dorsal sepal — shallcowly concave i, ae ama long, 6mm wide, connate to the lateral

sepals for 6.5 mm to form a short, sepaline contract t der, yellow, for-

wardly directed tail ca. ols mm ng, the lateral ae ovate, oblique, acute, 11 mm long, 5 mm wide,

connate 4 mm, the api ails similar t the dorsal sepal; petals yellow,

oblong, 4.5 mm lon ng, 2 mm wide, the apex o' ere decd lobed, the labellar margin with a -

dinal callus ae pl In a small process above the base; lip yellow, suffused with brown at the apex,

oblong, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex nance, » Highly revolute, wi ithout an obvious callus, the disc

shallowly channeled between a low pair of lo

_— beneath; column yellow, semiterete, 4. Fx mm long, the foot with a slender, incurved extension, on, |

mm long.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: without ac a

data, purchased in Germany from a lot of u nti-

fied, i ts, cultivated at Putte, The Nether- :

lands, Feb. 1992, J. Schoonen 920] (Holotype: MO), 4

C. Luer illustr. 16231 5 "US }

This apparently rare, small species,

was purchased among a collection of

plants from southeastern Ecuador. Unfor-

tunately, no collection data are known. 3

It is related to several species with

short, sepaline tubes such as the white M. ‘

leucantha, the purple M. hymenantha, or a 2

the black-lipped M. melanoglossa. Mas-

devallia truncata is distinguished by the

yellow sepals that are flecked with orange-

brown, especially along the veins, slender A

tails longer than the blades, a lip with a 7

very small tooth above the base, and an f

oblong, truncate lip. :

—“

ror

a j

SSR ci

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 347. Masdevallia truncata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 691

Masdevallia tubulosa Lindl., Orch. Linden. 4, 1846.

Ety.: From the Latin tubulosus, eile referring the slender, sepaline tube.

Syn.: Masdevallia stenantha Le & Kreenal., Bot. Jahrb. erie 26: 455, 1899,

Ety.: From the Greek secon * “with narro Ww flowers,” referring to the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia casta se inag ie Roteel, Bos. Gart. ae: 128, 1922.

Ety.: From the Latin “‘pure. HOF OF the flowers.

Syn.: neces arin Luer ee Aileen: Phytologia 42: 467, 1979.

Ety.: From syringodes, “like a pipe,” referring to the sl slender sepaline tube.

Syn.: a, tubulosa Lindl. subsp. syringodes (Luer & Andreetta) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot.

Missouri Bot. Gard. 16; 38, 1986.

Plant small to medium in size, ig acl caespitose; roots slender. et blackish, erect,

slender, 1-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, 4-12

cm long including the blackish petiole 1 5-4 5 cm long, the bine pea Had elliptical, acute, 7-17 mm

wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Infloresce solitary flower borne by an erect,

slender peduncle 7-11 cm long, with a bract below the mesa fi . act

tubular, 5-8 mm long; pedicel 8-11 mm long; ovary 5-10 mm long; ra white, glabrous, the blade

the dorsal sepal 15-25 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, connate to ne lateral sepals for 12-19 mm to form a

cylindrical, sepaline tube, the triangular free € portion gradually narrowed into a slender, white to to yellow-

ish tail 1.5-3 cm long, the lateral sepals connate 12-18 mm into a i narrowly oblong lamina, 8-10

ide, forming a very shallow mentum with the column- foot, the o tri portions con

tracted into slender tails similar to that of the dorsal se sepal; petals white, oblong, 4-6 mm long, 1.5-1. 5

= wide, the apex teuneate, tridentate, the labellar boa with a low, longitudinal callus ending in a

rt, blunt process ner 5-6 mm long, 2-2.5 mm

Ww a the apex obtuse to rounded, the disc with a ie pair of longitudinal calli, the base

hinged rpecnie “ci white, semiterete, 4-5 mm long, the stout foot 1-1. $ mm long with a short,

incurved exten

VENEZUELA: Mérida: epiphytic in Péramo de la

Culata, “i 11,000 ft., July-Aug. 1842, J. Linden 685

(Holotype: K); “*Mérida,”’ alt. 6,000 ft., 1846, L.

Schlim | 1246 (K); Mérida, Mucujun Valley near E]

Valle, alt. 2100 m, 17 Nov. 1953, J. Renz 8098

(BAS). Aragua: og Colonia Tovar, 1854-55, A.

Fendler 1370 (AM S, K, MO). Tachira: Rio Copas,

Piramo de Tama, alt. 2300-2450 m, 22 May 1967,

with Aragua, alt 2000- 2200 m, 12 July, 1963, J.A.

Steyermark 91546 (AMES, VEN).

COLOMBIA: Norte de Sautander: epiphytic in

Paéramo de Mefué, alt. 2500 m, 12 May 1982, C.

Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 7797 (AMES. SEL);

“ni area, alt. 2500 m, 12 May 1984, C. Luer, J.

rR. Escobar & E. Valencia 10285 (MO); Alto de

Sian Inéz, alt. 2100 m, 13 May 1984, C. Luer, J.

~C. Lehmann 7 3 (K): FC.

i 11382 (MO). Cauca: epiphytic near Hacienda de Sotar4, near Popaydn, alt. 2000 m,

740 (holotype of M. stenantha: K; isotypes: AMES, NY).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

5 cm

Plate 348. Masdevallia tubulosa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 693

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: near Cuyes, alt. 1500-1800 m, Mar. 1978, cultivated by A. Andreetta in

Cuenca, 11 Feb. 1979, C. Luer 3968 (holotype of M. syringodes: SEL) :

ja and Zamora, alt. 1500 m, collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 22 Sept. 1980, C. Luer 5572

(SEL); between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2250 m, 22 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A, etta

& W. Teague 13588 (MO); north of Valladolid, below Cruz Chica, alt. 2100 m, 18 May 1986, D. D’A-

lessandro 678 (MO).

ERU: Amazonas: Bongar4, near Pomacochas, alt. 2000 m, 10 Aug. 1979, W. Koniger, H. Kéniger & J.

Meza K-20c & K-20-e (K, M, SEL, USM, W); Bongara, collected by M. Arias, cultivated in Munich by

W. Koniger, 28 Oct. 1985, C. Luer 11451 (MO). Hudnuco: Muna, alt. 6,600 ft., 20 Mar. 1959, F

Woytkowski 5244 (AMES, MO); Tingo Maria, Huaguin, alt. 2700 m, 1984, cultivated Feb, 1991, W.

K6niger, H. Kéniger & M. Arias K-110a (M); Carpish Mountains, alt. 2900 m, cultivated in Munich by

W. K6niger, 25 Oct. 1985, C. Luer 11452 (MO). Junin: Puente Yanango, alt. 1900 m, 1982, cultivated

June 1989, W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger & M. Arias K-73b (M).

Masdevallia tubulosa is relatively common in the forests of the Eastern Cordil-

lera of Colombia and adjacent Venezuela, but it becomes less frequent and local in

southern Colombia. In Ecuador and Pern it is represented by a variation with short-

er, thicker tails that was recognized as M. syringodes. Here more typical variations

with the longer, slender tails are outnumbered.

The snow white flowers held about as high as the tips of the leaves by a slender

peduncle are characterized by a narrow sepaline tube with the narrowly oblong-

ovate, free portions contracted into slender tails of varying length. Lehmann’s

beautiful and accurate watercolor painting (6740) with his intended name ‘‘M.

cyphosolenium”’ is at Kew.

€ petals are variable from oblong to narrowly oblong and curved. The mar-

ginal callus often terminates with an obtuse process above the base, but more fre-

quently, no process is developed. The lip is simply oblong with an obscure pair of

longitudinal calli.

694 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 349. Masdevallia tubulosa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 695

Plate 350. Masdevallia tubulosa

696 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Ce eee eee aa eee eT ee

Plate 351. Masdevallia tubulosa

(subsp. syringodes)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 697

Masdevallia uncifera Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 16, 1878.

Ety.: From the Latin uncifer, “‘hook-bearing,”’ referring to the tooth on the petals,

Syn.: Masdevallia chrysoneura Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 453, 1899.

Ety.: From the Greek chrysoneuron “golden nerved,” referring to orange veining on the sepals.

Syn.: Masdevallia flaccida Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 425, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin flaccidus, “flaccid,” referring to the habit of the plant described.

Syn.: Masdevallia pastensis Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 424, 1921.

Ety.: Named for the city of Pasto, near where the specimen was discovered.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, often blackish,

2-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 8-15 cm long

including the petiole 2-6 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1-2 cm wide, gradually nar-

rowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 9-16

long, with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 7-8 mm long; pedicel 8-13 mm

long; ovary blackish, 6-8 mm long; sepals white to bright yellow, sometimes dotted with red, glabrous,

the dorsal sepal ovate, 14-16 mm long, 7-10 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a

gaping cup, the free portion triangular, th te apex attenuate i lender, d d yellow to orange

tail 30-50 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 14-15 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, connate 5 mm

across an acute, transverse fold, forming tum at the base t h the col foot below the fold,

the acute apices attenuated into slender tails 30-45 mm long; petals white, so ith purple,

oblong, 5-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the truncate apex lig

ite, sometimes dotted

htly bilobulate, sometimes with a small,

obtuse apiculum, the lower margin long y g

base; lip white, marked with purple, especially at the apex, oblong, slightly subpandurate, 5.5 mm long,

2.5-3 mm wide, the apex truncate-obtuse, the apical margin revolute and callous centrally, the base

truncate, hinged beneath; column white, dotted with purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long

with a long, incurved extensio

COLOMBIA: Narifio: near Pasto, W. Jameson s.n.

above Encano, paramo, alt. 11,000 ft., 1 Nov.

1946, M.B. Foster & R. Foster 2036 (AMES);

between La Cocha and Sibundoy, alt. 3000 m, 12 F oe A

Nov. 1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 8337 (AMES, i... A 7

ap alt. 3430 m, 25 Mar. 1994, F. Silverstone & ie

- Paz 6658 (CUVC, MO). hmann ; epiphy-

C LADOR: Carchi: eastern slopes of Tulcén, alt. 3200 m, 4 Feb. 1881, FC. Lehmann 257 (W): epipty

tic in scrub cloud forest east of Tulc4n, alt. 3200 m, 23 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. mace U. Molau & M.

(SEL); between Tulcdn and El Carmelo, alt. 3150-3300 m, 15 Apr. 1979, B. Lojtnant, 3200 m, 6 Apr.

Madison 1255] (AAU, GB); epiphytic at the pass between Tulcan and El Carmelo, yh San Francisco,

mo85, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 11082 (MO). Sucumbfos: El Mirador above Play6n de San Francisco

no alt., 16 Aug. 1978, J.D. Boeke & J. Jaramillo 2686 (MO); epiphy . ; El

Playén east of San Juan Andrade, alt. 3200 m, 5 Nov. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. ae ar oo

Mirador, alt. 3600 m, Aug. 1990, A. Hirtz et al. 4945 (MO); cloud forest between El Play

Barbara, alt. 3400 m, 20 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 15219 (MO). th

* * . 7 ne $

This species is frequent and locally abundant in southern epee - allied

‘mmost Ecuador at altitudes over 3000 meters above sea level. It ae lia unci-

'o the complex known as M. laevis with which it often grows. Mas acacia:

fera is recognized by the usually taller peduncle, and smaller ae oe cuslionste

glabrous, pale yellow sepals often veined in yellow. The sepats concepts are

fonnate. The petals with the uncinate process, and lips of the two

Similar,

milan b bith arene is ihe ei A ar eA A i Oh a i ee tcc a Se oe TN

ee ee, eT ee

SE ee ae ee Pe ee ee ee ee ee

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 699

Masdevallia uniflora Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. et Chil. Prodr. ed. 1: 122, 1794.

Ety: From the Latin uniflorus, “‘one- flowered,” referring the single-flowered inflorescence.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic to terrestrial, shortly repent to caespitose; roots coarse.

sale slender, erect, 3-8 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular shea’ erect,

petiolate, 7-22 cm long including the petiole 3-11 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 2-4 cm wide,

gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect

peduncle, 15-30 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular,

i mm long; pedicel 22-45 mm long; ovary 5-14 mm long; sepals white, light green toward the base,

with bright rose in varying intensities above the middle, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, 18-

ing, conical tube,

gaping,

the apex round, contracted into an erect, slender, green to maroon tail 8-17 mm long, the lateral sepals

ovate, oblique, connate 10-16 mm into a lamina 20-25 mm wide, the apices obtuse, contracted into

slender tails 6-1 “es mm long, similar to that of the dorsal bie petals w hite, Baan sy P11 mm long, 22

wide, 6 mm wide above the base, th ed to sub z

with a longi callus with a purple s tripe, ending i ina a broad, oblique, te process above

ase; lip creamy white tliveale -oblong, 9-11 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, slighty rarowed below the

truncate, decurved sca with a marginal c2 calles, with li lightly

between low, longitudinal calli, t h: column white, semiterete, 8 mm long,

the foot 5-6 mm long, with a slender, incurved extension.

PERU: Junin: Tarma, *Hasen Pagid, | in rocky

places,” alt. ca. 2900 m, ca. 1779, Pavén s.n. (Holo-

alt. 2900 m, 1 Feb. 1979, C. Luer & J. Luer 3843

(AMES, MO, SEL); mountains east of Palca, road to

Illic, alt. 3000 m, 13 Jan. 1987, B. Stein, J. Kallunki

& C. Diaz 3820 (M

Masdevallia utiheta is the first species

of the genus to be discovered by Euro-

peans, and it is the type upon which the

genus was based by Ruiz & Pavén in

1794. For nearly two centuries this spe-

cies had not been seen again by foreigners

until local collectors began to export it

about 1975. Woolward’s illustration in

her monograph of 1896 was made from

dry specimens from the original collection.

Masdevallia uniflora is endemic in the

mountains coreounding Huasa Huasi,

where it is still known as “‘rima-rima” =

the local inhabitants. Several other specie

of Masdevallia (i.e., M. cyclotega, M. ont and M. rimarima-

endemic in these high-altitude, scrub forests.

The showy, usually rose-suffused flowers of M. u

long-petiolate leaves by slender peduncles. Occasiona portions

seen. The sepals are connate into a broad, sepaline tube with broad, retro-

terminated by short, slender tails. The petals are provided with a sree the broad,

Se process at the base. The oblong lip can be seen held erect within

8aping tube.

alba) are also

niflora are held above the

lly pure white flowers are

free

a A a a a i i SS a eS Oy,

Oe er Oe Oe Pe eS ey

ee Ne ea eS

Plate 353. Masdevallia uniflora

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 701

Masdevallia urceolaris Kraenzl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 132, 1922.

Ety: From the Latin urceolaris, “pitcher-shaped,” referring the shape of the sepaline tube.

Syn.: Masdevallia kalbreyeri Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 169,

1925.

rn +, ¢

Ety.: Named for the HH Kalbreyer t ll d thi

ant small, oe ai, roots —e Ramicauls short, stout, 7-18 mm long,

er by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, cori — gare ate, 6-9.5 cm shes

hee the petiole 2 4 5 cm te 5 the blade elliptical, obtuse, | 15- 2.5 cm ide,

a a solitary flower, borne by duncl 435 Sem

long, with a simian ar the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 7 mm long; pedicel 8-9

lon, ins mm long; napa dull yellow, diffusely s

minutely aie within above the middle, the dorsal sepal pobre concave, curved, 15 mm long, 5

connate to the lateral als fo hae mm to a slightly arc the apex trans-

sepals connate 10 mm sate an oblong, dant — lamina 15 mm long, 12 mm ue forming a broad,

nara mentum above the mentum with the column-foot, the apices acute, contracted into tails similar

of the dorsal sepal; petals yellow, spotted with purple, oblong, 6 mm long, 2.8 mm wide, the

lacie act dentate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in an acute, uncinate,

incurved process at the base; lip diffusely dotted and suffused with red-purple, elliptical, smooth, 6mm

long, 3.5 mm ars with the apex oa rounded, the disc shallow] middle, the

base narrowly subtruncate, hinged on end; a white, dotted with purple, sciniterete, 5 mm long,

the foot 3 mm long, with a short, stele extensio

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Ocaiia, “La

Rosa,”’ alt. 3000 m, Kalbreyer 545 (Holotype oe

obledo at La Ceja, 29 Sept. 1977, C. Luer

1863 (SEL); sciehye in cloud forest —- P4ramo

de Jurisdicciones, alt. 2600 m, 10 Nov.

Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo pote (SEL);

same area, alt. 2300 m, 30 Apr. 1982, C. Luer et al.

7657 (SEL); s same collection, cultivated at Colom-

borquideas, 10 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R

Escobar & E. Valencia 10222 (MO).

This species was first collected by

Kalbreyer in the mountains around Ocafia

in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia

where it is endemic. Kranzlin described

the specimen Kalbreyer 545 at B as M.

urceolaris in 1922. He described another

specimen of Kalbreyer 545 at W as M.

kalbreyeri in 1925. Although his descrip-

tions of the two agree with each other, in

his monograph he placed the former in his

section Urceolares and the latter in his

section Triangulares.

Masdevallia urceolaris grows in thick moss on the trunks of trees. east seed in

tal peduncle pushes through the substrate to bear the little flower ne od, sepaline

the moss. The sepals are deeply connate into a diffusely gry a geen

tube with a shallow, ventral dilation of the tube, and very short, ”

Slender tails.

702

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 354. Masdevallia urceolaris

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 703

Masdevallia ustulata Luer, Phytologia 54: 384, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin _—- “singed, or scorched,” referring to the yellowish flowers, suffused

and veined in brow

size,

4.5 cm long, eornaes by 2 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, reg oe, 8:17 cm paar

including the slender, 3 ti btuse, 2-3.2 cm wide, cu-

below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary | flower borne by é a: slender, erect peduncle ie Sem cm

long, with a bract near the base, from low on

long; ovary 6-9 mm long; sepals yellow or brown, veined in purple-brown, glabrous, the pad yee

obovate, 20-23 mm long, T- en mm wide, connate to the | lateral sepals for for jesares to form a cylindrical

tube, 2.5-4.5 cm long, the

lateral sepals oblong-falcate, ca. ae mm long, connate 13-17 mm into a poet yree mm wide, with a

ais but sng 00 secondary mentum above the short primary men tum, the free Ee gradually

owed into slender, ean tals 2.5-4 cm long; petals light yellow, daly ae with purple on

the ie tnbedior half, oblong, 6-7 mm long, 2-2. pe i the truncate apex bilobed, the the labellar margin

with a longitudinal callus ending in an acute F

marked with purple, oblong, 6.5-7 ee 3. pay mm ae the apex truncate or broadly obtuse, the base

truncate, shallowly retuse, hinged on the end; column white with purple margins, semiterete, 6 mm long,

the stout foot 3 mm long with a short, pee extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in cloud

forest east of Paute, alt. 1700 m, 10 July 1977, C.

Luer, J. Luer, G. Luer & A. Andreetta 1660 (Holo-

type: SEL); new road west of Macas to Guamote, alt.

2300 m, 2 Mar. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

19618 (MO). Carchi: epiphytic in cloud forest

above Maldonado, alt. 2300 m, 2 April 1984, C.

Luer, S. Dalstrém & T. Héijer 9939 yO): same

area, alt. 2500 m, 24 Feb. 1992, S. Dalstrém 1550

Andreetta 3214 (SEL). Pastaza: wet forest along

Rio Zufiag, alt. 1900 m, 26 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrém ‘im &

Arby 1422 (MO). Bolivar: epiphytic in cloud forest

north of Chillanes, alt. 2650 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C.

(MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera de Nanguipa.

north of ee alt. 1400 m, June 1991, A. Hirtz

5511 (M

Conant: Santander: west of Velez toward

Landazuri, alt. 2400 m, 5 May 1984, cultivated at

utu Ospina, cultivated at

cloud forest between La Cocha and Sibundoy, aL 7700 m, collected Oy ccakeeaeliiak 11 May oa.

doy, 5 Aug. 1978, C. Luer 3093 (SEL); same collection, cultivated at

C. si 11339 (MO). P. Barbour 4097 (MO);

PERU: Amazonas: Bagua, Cordillera Colén, alt. 7,750-8,079 ft, renter Ang 1978, W. Kéniger

between Chachapoyas and Rodriguez de Mendoza, Moli H. Koni Luya, betw

een Chac

H. Koniger, B. Wiirstle & J. Meza K-5b (M, USM, W, Herb. H r gor Ww. x r ao Konige a

and Leimebamba, near Samanga, San Antonio, alt. 2500 m, 10 Aug. onige

Wiirstle et al. K-7b (M, USM, W, Herb. H. ibe (MO copes s wc iad le “Rica

m, 10 Aug. 1987, C. Dias S. & H. Osores 2 t

100-2500 m, 1 May 1982, A. Gentry & D. Smit h 35890 (F, MO, SEL, SMF).

704 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 355. Masdevallia ustulata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 705

This species is relatively frequent and widely distributed in mountainous for-

ests from eastern Colombia through Ecuador into northern Peru at moderately high

altitudes between 1500 and 3000 meters above sea level. It was familiar to F.C.

Lehmann whose unnamed colored painting, ¢. 183, is at Kew. It was misidentified

as the Venezuelan M. ensata in Thesaurus Masdevalliarum-15.

The color of the solitary flower is usually tan or light brownish with purple or

darker brown stripes along the veins. A population with pure yellow flowers (Plate

356) is known from a locality at a high altitude. The slender tails are longer

than the blades. The sepaline tube has a prominent secondary mentum (the mentum

near the middle of the synsepal, separated from the primary mentum with the

column-foot by a constriction). The petals have a sharp process above the base.

The lip is oblong, truncate at the base, and with a low, central callus at the truncate

apex.

706 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 356. Masdevallia ustulata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 707

Masdevallia vasquezii Luer, Phytologia 46: 352, 1980.

Ety: Named in honor of Roberto V4squez Ch. of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, who discovered this species.

nt very small, epiphytic, em roots aes BT Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 0.5-1 cm

long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, minutely dotted with ere se

lon * ee tiolate, 3- 3. a cm long including the - petiole | 1- 7 3¢ si long, the blade elliptical,

0.9-1 cm wide, e. Inflorescence a solitary flower, As ty a

ramicaul; floral

slender, P eeheuct t peduncle 13 mm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the

brac mm long; pedicel 6 mm long; ovary purple, 4 mm long; sepals translucent rose,

dark le glabrous, the dorsal sepal ate, , 10 to

al sepals for 5 mm to form an infundibular, a tube, the apex acute, contracted into a forwardly

directed, slender, i tail 8 mm long, the lateral sepals obovate, porcine 8 mm long, 5 mm wide,

connate 3 mm, forming a mentum with ae column-foot, the apices oe con into tails 9 mm

long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, marked wi the labellar half, arpa 35

mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex rene ene the labellar sc vith a low, longitudinal callus

ending in a short, narrowly obtuse, process at the base; lip rose, with dark purple, espe-

cially i in 2 “jongitudinal stripes, ovate-oblong, por 5.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the apex acute, the

". base concave with thin, erect margins, hinged on the end;

short, incurved extension.

column white, semiterete, 3 mm long, the “hs 2.5 mm long, with a

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare, i a in

a Tunari,

Vasquez 4909 (Holotype: SEL); same area, alt. 2550

m, 26 Nov. 1999, S. Dalstrém, J. Sdnnemark & R.

Burian 2414 (MO).

This little species is rare in forests

northeast of Cochabamba. In 1980, a

cite plant was found growing on a small

ee by Roberto Vasquez. In spite of

ales searches, no other plant had not

been seen again until 1999. It is obviously

related to M. yungasensis which grows

abundantly in the same area along with the

less closely allied M. chaparensis and M.

nebulina

Masilevaltia vasquezii is characterized ots

by the very small se a purple-striped flower; oblong, pnagees a tn

short, retrorse, basal process, and an arcuate lip with an acute ape

base.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 357. Masdevallia vasquezii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 709

Masdevallia verecunda Luer, Phytologia 42: 469, 1979.

Ety: From the Latin verecundus, “bashful,” in allusion to the drooping flowers.

Plant medium in size, —— caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 15-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf suberect, coriaceous, 5-8.5 cm long including the vedi 2-3

cm me the blade sieteabainsshe, obtuse, 1.5-2.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the

solitary, nutant flower, borne by a slender, suberect to nearly horizontal peduncle, 45 cm payed

with a tect above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6 mm long, pedicel 6 mm

long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals greenish white, lightly veined in Rapti glabrous, the dorsal sepal obo-

_ 20 mm long, 11mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals Fer for 12 mm to form a

r, yellow to maroon tail , the

ata sepals oblong, oblique, 15 mm long, 10 m wide, connate 9 mm, forming a broad, shallow

m above e, the apices subacute, contracted into reflexed tails — to that of | the dorsal

se ‘aay ieee white, awk 5.5 mm long, 2 mm w trider

with a longitudinal callus ending in a lear ‘obtuse, retrorse process apr ‘the base; lip white,

flecked with rose, cuneate-oblong, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, dilated above the middle into to obtuse, oblique,

lobe-like wings, with minutely irregular om the ‘apex ovate, obtuse, deflexed, with a purple

midline callus, t tudinal calli, hinged beneath;

with a slender, in-

subtruncate,

aver — suffused with rose, semiterete, 4. 5 mm long, the foot 2.5 mm long,

rved extension.

VENEZUELA: Aragua: near Choroni, received by

Don Richardson 2851 from G.C.K. Dunsterville,

cultivated by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 21 Apr

Luer 13216 (MO). Without collection data, Jan.

1969, Apr. 1976, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1116.

This species is apparently endemic in

coastal Venezuela. Dunsterville illustrated

itin 1969, ten years before its formal

description. It seems allied to M. triangu-

laris of subsection Caudatae with which it

IS sympatric, but the campanulate sepaline

tube brings it into subsection Masdevallia.

Masdevallia verecunda is distin-

guished by the light greenish sepals deeply

connate into a drooping, bell-shaped

flower that faces more or less downward

On suberect to subhorizontal peduncles.

The apex of the lip is trilobed with the

apical lobe deflexed, similar to the de-

flexed apical lobe of M. triangularis.

710

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 358. Masdevallia verecunda

“ 5

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 711

Masdevallia yungasensis Hashimoto, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Ser. B, 4:7, epi

Ety.: Named for the Bolivian provinces of the Yungas where the species was disco

Syn.: Masdevallia calocodon Luer & Vasquez, Selbyana 5: 391, 1981.

Ety.: From the Greek calocodon, ‘‘a beautiful bell,”’ referring to the appearance of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia yungasensis subsp. calocodon (Luer & Vasquez) Luer, epee 3: 70, 1988.

all to medium in size

Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-6 cm long, , enclosed ee 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect coriaceous,

rae! — e, 5-12 cm long including the petiole 1.5-6 cm .

m wide, cuneate below into the slender petiole. stent single, showy flower borne by

i. 6.5 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the rami-

caul; floral bract tubular, 8-12 mm long: pedicel 15-24 mm long; beter 4-7 mm long; sepals white or

rose with purple veins, to yellow with brown veins, glabrous, the d orsal sepal obovate, 12-16 mm long,

12-15 mm wide, connate to the lateral fag fo r 9- 10 mm to form a gaping, subglobose, sepaline tube,

portion transversely tri angular p lender, yellow or

green tail 35-40 mm long, the lat dly ovate to broadly obovate, 20-22 mm long, 14-17 mn mm

wide, connate 9-10 to fi b d, bifid tamniie he b fe J

foot, often dilated above to form a sec ondary m b

similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, ne with a purple ‘midvein, ous 5-9 mm long,

2. 75- 3m mm wide, the apex acute, — toothed, with the lower tooth longer, the | with

ending in gular p lig ig ae

ns flecked with purple, peiebes gone arcua ded, 8 ded

6.5 mm wide, the ee apex acutely recurved, re a low, midline, marginal cal us, the disc with alow

pair of longitudinal calli on the middle third, the base broadly subtruncate, 0 past ot cleft, hinged

beneath; column ivory, flecked purple, semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 7 mm long with a long,

extension

har s 1, A, parle

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Sud Yungas: 7 km from Sacra-

mento Alto to Unduavi, 23 sass 1974, Fukimo

Maeda for Nishida, Ono, <r oto & Ohga As -

(Holotype: TNS); ‘‘La Paz,”’ Davis s.n. (W); Y

gas, alt. 6,000 ft., 1885, “tL H. Rusby 2805 (NY):

Unduavi, alt. 8, 000 fi t., Oct. 1885, H.H. Rusby 2736

(AMES); above Unduavi, alt. 2950 m, a a

flowers white GC. Lab

Vasquez & R. Lara 5005 (SEL); above Rio ao

- 2800 m, 4 Feb. 1980, flowers gael with brown

tripes, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasqu cS R. Lara 5127

(SEL), Nor Yungas, between Undua and Caranavi,

alt. 2000 m, 27 Nov. 1980, T.B. Coal 51552 (MO);

east of Cotapata, alt. 3250 m, 11 Nov. 1987, J.C.

SEL; clonotype

tivated at J & L L Orchids, Eas

alt. 2500

ar Siber-

ia, alt. 2500 m, 2 Dec. 1978, C. Luer, F. Fuchs et al. 3529 (holotype of P. calocodon: S

; Same area, collected by Janet Kuhn et al., Mar. 1975, cul

Ape 1978, C. Luer 292] (SEL); near Siberia above Co

F. Fuchs et al. 3592 (AMES, MO, SEL); same area, 1, M. Cardenas 3999

Barnett 7054 (NY); Cumbre de San Mateo-Vallegrande, alt. 2700 got oe 1978, C. Luer, F

(AMES). Cochabamba: between Cochabamba and Vil pee ae abamba toward Villa Tunati,

uchs et al. 3501, 3508 (SEL); terrestrial in a no! Sehuencas, moist

2800 m, 14 Nov. 1992, Lie : r, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague I a

forest, alt. 2630 m, 13 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez et al. | declivity

northern

This showy species is locally abundant in the Yungas aR collectors in

of the Andes north and east of La Paz. Among the nu and Rusby apparently only

Bolivia, such as Bang, Bridges, Buchtien, Mandon,

712 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 359. Masdevallia yungasensis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 713

Rusby had made a collection of this species in 1885. It was collected in 1974 by

Japanese botanists and described in 1978.

In habit, this species is similar to the majority of medium-sized species of the

section: elliptical long-petiolate leaves, and a single-flowered peduncle about half

as long. The flowers are variable in size, shape and color. A population of small

plants with small, pale-colored flowers is known.

The color of the glabrous, sepaline tube with tails significantly longer than the

blades varies from white or rose with purple stripes along the veins, to yellow with

brown stripes. A pure yellow color-form has been seen. The sepals within are

variously short-pubescent. They are usually connate into a “‘funnel-shaped” flower

with a distinct mentum with the column-foot. A variation from the eastern portion

of the distribution with gaping, ‘‘bell-shaped” flowers with a red pubescence was

described as M. calocodon.

The petals possess a retrorse process at the base. The lip is oblong-subpandu-

rate, and often markedly arcuate with a very broad, truncate, non-cleft base, and

with a recurved, obtuse apex.

Plate 359a. Masdevallia yungasensis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

714

Plate 360. Masdevallia yungasensis

715

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Plate 361. Masdevallia yungasensis

(subsp- calocodon)

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

716

Plate 362. Masdevallia yungasensis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 717

Masdevallia zebracea Luer, Lindleyana 4: 126, 1989.

Ety.: From the Latin zebraceus, “like a zebra,” in allus malades board 6 USE

edium in size, epip! d

, blackish, 4-

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 se ae sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-8. 5 cm ng including epi

1.5-2.5 cm long, the iladle _— subacute, 1.5-1.9 cm wide, into the petiole. Inflor-

by a slender, erect peduncle 9-11 cm long, with a bract above the base,

from near the middle of a ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8 mm long + pedicel 8 mm long; ovary : 5 mm

ovale, B mm long, 6 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 7 mm to forma cylindrical sepaline

tube, the apex subacute, contracted into a thick, terete, bright yellow tail 20 mm long, the lateral sepals

ovate, oblique, 15 mm long, 6 mm wide, Aa te 5 mm, the free portions acute, ly contracted into

thick, terete tails 15 mm long; petals white, cartilaginous oblong, 6 mm long, 2.25 va wide, the apex

obtuse, bilobulate, the Sabellar margin or a longitudinal callus ending in a short, acute, retrorse process

above the base; lip oblong, 6 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded without a callus, the

disc with a low, broad, longitudinal pair of calli, the base subcordate, shallowly notched, hinged beneath;

column white, semiterete, 5. 5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

PERU: bare locality (probably Amazonas):

obtained from M. Arias who had obtained the plant

from J. Meza, cultivated at J & L Orchids, 689-328,

Easton, CT, June 1989, C. Luer 14387 (Holotype:

deas, 16 May, 1993, C. Luer 16882 (MO); also ob-

tained from J. Meza, cultivated by Maduro’s Tropi

Orchids, Cerro Punta, Panama, 16 Nov. 1998, C.

Luer 18994a (MO).

The solitary-flowered peduncle of this

species is produced near the mid-portion

of an elongated ramicaul. The white

flower with dark purple stripes resembles

that of the Ecuadorian M. corderoana,

except that the former is considerably

smaller. (The flowers produced by M.

corderoana in cultivation are smaller than

those found in the wild.) The tails of the

sepals of M. zebracea are shorter, thick,

terete and bright yellow; the sepals are

densely short-pubescent within; and the

apex of the oblong lip is broadly rounded

without a callus so often seen in the spe-

cies of subsection Masdevallia.

718 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 363. Masdevallia zebracea

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 719

MASDEVALLIA SECTION MINUTAE

Masdevallia subgenus Masdevallia section Minutae Rchb.f. ex Woolward, The

Genus Masdevallia sect. VI, 1896.

Type: Masdevallia minuta Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 396, 1842.

Ety.: From the Latin minutus, “minute,” referring to th ll size of the fl

A halie

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Floribundae Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 84, 1925.

Type: Masdevallia floribunda Lindl., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 29: Misc. 72, 1843.

Ety.: From the Latin floribundus, “‘free-flowering,”’ referring to the floriferous habit of the plant.

Reichenbach simply indicated the subgeneric category Minutae for Masdevallia

minuta. In her Monograph of the Genus Masdevallia in 1896, Florence Woolward

proposed section Minutae, ‘‘a somewhat miscell secti taini all

species which cannot correctly be classed in any other group.”’ She included twelve

species, seven of which are now dispersed into other sections. Twenty species from

Mexico to Bolivia with morphological characters that relate them to M. minuta now

constitute the section. Most species are found in Central America where the section

merges with section Reichenbachianae. Masdevallia lankesteriana, M. mejiana,

and even M. striatella have intermediate characters. ; :

Vegetatively, the section is characterized by a caespitose habit that is not dis-

tinct from many other small species of the genus. The peduncles are terete, and

usually more than one flower is produced successively, although two flowers are

produced simultaneously in two species. The petals are distinguished by a protru-

sion from a callus between the middle and lower thirds above or along the paar

margin. The lip is more or less oblong with a longitudinal pair of myers. OF se

converging calli on or above the middle third of the disc. In some species (e.g., M.

floribunda), the calli approach those of subgenus Polyantha.

hon

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SECTION MINUTAE

= adamsii “a a ener st

+ AFANgOI Luer & Escobar ..........sssseseesecsenessesneennsensenennsennennesnseees wa

M. attenuata RCHD.f. .o.cccccscssscssssccsssssvsseceecovsrsnnssnnnsnannnnnneensnen Plates 366, 367,

M. burzlaffiana Koniger = M. floribunda Plates 369, 370.

M. chontalemsis RCHD-f. ...sccsovsosscsseeneenenienennenteetnee en a

M. crescenticola Lehm. & Kraemzl. .....sso-ssssessssnseneemeenemnrne ee

M. diantha Schitr. = M. chontalensis

M. ecaudata Schitr.=M.tubuliflora Plate 372.

M. flaveola ROBB. ooo. cccccccesccacsrcenet eens sant 3. 374, 375,3 76.

M. floribunda Lindl. .............cscssussssssssesseeseceesssenenesseeete™

M. floribunda ssp. tuerckheimii (Ames) Luer = M. floribunda

M. fonsecae K6niger = M. attenuata

M. frontinoénsis Kraenzl. = M. herradurae

M. galeottiana A.Rich. & Galeotti=M. floribunda = Plate 377.

M. LEminiflora P Ortiz................cecceeceeoceroeeeenseseeseenessteee aes

720 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

M. guti Luer Plate 378.

M. herradurae Lehm. & Kraenzl Plate 379.

M. laucheana Kraenzl. Plate 380.

sh lindeniana A.Rich. & Galeotti = M. floribunda

Rchb.f. & Roezl Plate 381.

livingstoneana Schltr. sensu Ames = M. livingstoneana

M. minuta Lindl.

Plates 382, 383.

M. myriostigma piggy = M. floribunda

M. Plate 384.

M. panamensis acai ) Ames = M. livingstoneana

M. pescadoénsis Luer & Escobar. Plate 385.

M. rodrigueziana Mansf. = M. wendlandiana

M. scabrilinguis Luer Plate 386.

M. surinamensis Focke = M. minuta

M. tenuipes Schltr. = M. herradurae

M. tokachiorum Luer Plate 387.

M. tonduzii Woolward Plate 388.

M. tubuliflora Ames Plate 389.

M. tuerckheimii Ames = M. floribunda

M. ulei Schltr. = M. wendlandiana

M. wendlandiana Rchb‘f. Plate 390.

M. yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr. = M. wendlandiana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 721

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1 Peduncle horizontal to descending; lateral sepals rounded at the apex with minute

tail M. crescenticola

1’ Peduncle erect or suberect; lateral sepals acute, with or without tails 2

Abe ee eee ee eer een eee

2 Inflorescence simultaneously 2-flowered 3

2’ Inflorescence 1-flowered, usually followed by a second flOWET........--.-cnsesvessnrsees 7

3 Sepals less than 20 mm long including the tail; flowers white.......M. chontalensis

3° Sepals more than 23 mm long including the tail; flowers mottled with brown.......

M. geminiflora

4 Sepaline tails thicker above the middle, more or less Clavate..........++++ M. ~

4’ Sepaline tails not thicker above the middle

5 Sepals broad, with the laterals more or less broadly triangular, tailless..........-..++ 6

5 Sepals with tails ..........s.s-rssssecisssadeiecnyesnssebesarstsonnashnsnenvnpeenteanemetneninest 7a mr ey 8

6 Lateral sepals with the apices diverging; flower snow while........... M. nicaraguae

6’ Lateral sepals subfalcate, more or less TMCULVER .....cssesesessesesscersnenennsnennenennsnnensnnenes 7

7 Flower with large purple spots; dorsal sepal reflexed............--- M. livingstoneana

7’ Flower white or suffused with pale red or brown; dorsal sepal forwatd.......-sve+++

—cameamucsuvad sincriwsreslionnesteei neat Oe? M. tubuliflora

8 Sepals yellow, heavily suffused with purplish brOWD........ses M. sae

8 Sepals not heavily suffused with purplish brown. ......-------se-rrrr

9 Sepaline tails thick, broadly linear, or narrowly triangular.......-.----eeerrsrssreereerr 4

9 Sepaline tails slender..............+sc-ssversssnseenesenesrntenneensne terre cadiensivboundvencporinn

: ‘ the tails longer than the blade......-...-

10 Sepals suffused or striped with purple, with ii Ke OF weindiondions

cnasshisdecenioe arenes “i

10° betes white to greenish or yellowish white, with the tails about as long ” "

ithout a

11 Petals with an acute process between the middle and basal thirds; i? wi

callus beneath the tip ......cscssssssssssessserssseeseeseeemnnnnesrsmeen ye sh . ‘ph ;

11’ Petals without an acute process between the middle and basal thir 3 P

callus beneath the tipp ..........sssssssecseeeessneseesecennnenrnsnmnss nT

hei M. tokachiorum

12 Lateral sepals free beyond the ColUMN-fOOE......--recceererereerte

bi Noll aanaanemecaaeeennennenestn st

12 Lateral sepals connate at least the length of the tube

722 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

13 Lateral sepals free at the orifice of the tube 14

13’ Lateral sepals connate beyond the sepaline tube 16

14 Peduncle longer than the leaf; flower snow white M. gutierrezii

14’ Peduncle shorter than the leaf 15

15 Peduncles usually produced in profusion, less than 3 cm long; flowers purple or

yellow M. herradurae

15’ Peduncles produced singly, more than 4 cm long; flowers mottled with light

brown pescadoénsis

16 Tail of the dorsal sepal longer than the tails of the lateral sepals......!@. floribunda

16’ Sepaline tails equally long 17

17 Sepaline tube conical, dilated with a secondary mentum 18

17° Sepaline tube cylindrical, without a secondary mentum 19

18 Lip with a pair of longitudinal calli medially, and a callus at the tip

M. laucheana

18” Lip without calli M. tonduzii

19 Sepals white with 3 purple stripes; lip with an apical callus.............. M. attenuata

19° Sepals white; lip verrucose-denticulate above the middle............ M. scabrilinguis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 723

Masdevallia adamsii Luer, Lindleyana 9: 243, 1994.

Ety.: Named in honor of B.R. Adams, of Ipswich, England, who discovered this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 7-9 mm Arepshating enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 25-45 mm long, 5-6

mm wide, gradually narrowed below to the narrow, indistinctly petiolate base. base. Inflorescence a solitary

flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 2-2.5 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the

ramicaul; floral bract 4-5 mm long; pedicel 6-7 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals whi hite, glabrous, the the

dorsal sepal oblong, 11 mm long, 2 mm wi ide, f y

tube, the free portion broad, d into a thickened il 5 le g th the

lateral sepals connate 5 mm into an oblong, bifid synsepal, 11 mm i 5 mm

broad, thick, terete tails 4 mm long; petals white, shlong 3:25 neg tm le

apex minutely apiculate-tridentate, the labellar half with a low, longitudinal callus within the margin of

the middle third; lip light yellow, oblong, subpandurate, 3.5 mm long, | mm wide, the disc with a pair of

low, longitudinal calli above the ee concave between, with the shallow concavity extending onto

the apex; : the apex obtuse, minutely denticulate-erose, thickened beneath with 2 broad, | simone conical ~

lus, the base subcordate, hinged g

mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

BELIZE: Cayo district, below summit of Baldy

evergreen forest, alt. 1000 m, 22 Apr. 1979, cultivat-

ed 31 Jan. 1980, B.R. Adams 226 (Holotype: K), C.

Luer illustr. 17235.

In appearance, this small species is

indistinguishable from M. minuta which is

widely distributed in South America at

relatively low altitudes from the Guyanas

and along the Amazonian slopes of the

Andes from Venezuela into Bolivia. No

locality is known from north or west of the

Andes.

Similar to M. minuta, the small, white

flowers of M. adamsii are produced singly

among narrow leaves. The sepals are

connate nearly half their lengths into a

narrow, cylindrical tube, with the free

portions contracted into thickened, terete,

slightly recurving tails. The petals also are

similar to those of M. serge the distinctive, pointed call De eo ot

and lower thirds is absent. A low, longitudinal callus courses — Oeste

the middle third. The lip is also similar to the lip of M. gee broad, conical

thickened, shallowly concave above and callous beneath with @ ae

callus similar to that seen in M. attenuata. The margins of the sae from its known

The occurrence of a disjunct population of a species far Cail isolation of a

distribution is infrequent, but not rare. In this instance, the dis morphological

population would be extreme. Coupled with at least two en a

features (the absent, pointed callus of the petal, and the pee soos sd apecifically

apex of the lip), the population found in Belize is recogn ald conceivably De

distinct. Were the habit not so similar to that of M. minuta, it ¢

treated in section Coriaceae.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

724

Ne Oe ee eee ee

Plate 364. Masdevallia adamsii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 725

Pe van arangoi Luer & Escobar, mo of Medlin, Col S Iie side

Named in iamion of Dr. Octa vio J. deans: f Medellin, ardent Masdevallia-

sane

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish,

1.5-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, ga 7-10.5 cm re nig

tiole 1.5-3 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.8-2.3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below

channeled petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a slender, erect ep wes 6-8.5 cm caren

with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8-10 mm long; pedicel 11-12

mm long; ovary 6-7 mm long, minutely pitted; sepals fleshy, yellow below the middle, suffused with

purple-brown above the middle, the dorsal sepal obovate, 15 mm long, 7 mm sa connate to the lateral

sepals for 10 mm to form a cylindrical, sepaline tube, the subacute, trian contracted into

a thick, —— forwardly directed tail 20-22 mm ae the lateral sso obovate, 15 mm long,

5 mm wide, connate 11 mm to form a lamina with a sh w, secondary men subacute apices

contracted into thik. decurved, orange tails 15-17 mm hag contracted at the tan to form a ae

mentum with the sapperin petals white with a few ‘purple le dots at the su ubtruncate ape: x, elliptical-

oblong, 4.5 mm long, | 8m bare wee low,

small, mi and eae thirds: lip dull white, diffusely dotted with red, oblong,

5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex perc denticulate, VerTNEONS. the ¢ disc v wis a Lowbeet of pp apa

calli above the middle, the base subcordate, I

the foot 2 mm long with an incurved extension.

eae Antioquia: Dabeiba, “El Ciguero,”

nia de Urama, alt. 1800-2000 m, 5 Jan. 1975,

altected by L. Agudelo, cultivated by M. &O

Robledo at La Ceja, 6 Dec. 1975, R. Escobar 1391

ieee: JAUM); same peop _— 29

Sept. 1977, C. Luer 1864 (SEL); Alto de Aguila,

Serrania de Urama, alt. 1700-2000 m ‘= Sept. 1974,

L. Agudela s.n. (JAUM); Dabeiba, a

collected by H. Angarito Aug. 1985, cultivated by M.

oO. Robledo at La Ceja, 19 Mar. 1989, C. Luer

14287 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in a

small area of the northern part of the

Western Cordillera of Colombia. It was

first discovered in 1974, and it has been

collected in the same area on only a very

few subsequent occasions.

Masdevallia arangoi is unusual in the

section and without close relatives, stand-

ing somewhere between two large, easily

recognized groups (sect. Minutae and sect.

Coriaceae). However, it seems more

closely allied to the species related to M.

minuta, because of the labellar callus cai The broad '

ending in a small, acute tooth above the margin in the one lip “esemble those of

line tube of the solitary flower and the verrucose apex 0! ie

the malodorous flowers of the species related to M. coriac

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

726

Plate 365. Masdevallia arangoi

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 727

—— attenuata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 834, 1871.

Ety.: From the Latin attenuatus, “attenuate,” referring to the leaves.

Syn.: ee fonsecae Koniger, pam 2: 35, 1994.

Ety.: Named for Walter Fonseca of San José, Costa Rica, who collected this species.

o medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-

2.5cm long, enclosed by x 3 thin, close, tubular shea ths. Leaf erect to suberect,

obovate, 8-15 cm 5 cm long, 1.4-2.3 cm wide,

gradually n narrowed sane below ‘into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single flower, often

followed by a second flower, borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle, 5-8 cm long, with a bract

below the middle, from low on ap ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6-10 mm long; pedicel 13-20 mm long;

ovary 4-5 mm long; sepals white to pale e green, usually stri triped with purple along the 3 veins, veins, and with a

small, purple spot at the base, cniceeucnpacely eT wane the dorsal sepal obovate, 12-14 mm

long, 6 mm wide, oe to the lateral sepals for 7-8 mm into a cylindrical tube, the free triangu-

“a ceoie nal callus ending in a short, pointed tooth between the middle lower thirds above the

w; lip white, brown at the apex, oblong, slightly subpandurate, 5. 5-6 mm long, sco 25 mm wide, the

bacute e with microscopically erose margins, with a verrucose callus callus inside the

th, th sulcate between a longitudinal pair of oblique calli sien waged near the

middle, the base ieee hinged beneath; column white with purple margins, ca 4-5 mm

long, the foot 1.5 mm long with an incurved extension.

(Holotype: W; Isotype: K); earth by Veitch 71

(W); without locality, ca. 1867, A, Endres 285 (W);

without locality, collected by L. Glicenstein, cultivat-

Nov

Puntarenas: Peninsula de Osa, alt. 100 m, 31

Mar. 1991, B. Hammel & R. Aguilar 18182 (MO);

north of San Vito, alt. 900-1000 m er by W.

Koniger WK-34 (holotype of M. fonse e: M,

(AMES, MO); Rfo Caldera below Boquete, alt. ca.

, Sept. 1976, cultivated Nov. 1977, C. Luer &

Butcher ott (SEL

R: Tungurahua: Cerro Los Llanganates,

Leito to Triunfo, alt. 2400 m, collected by Hirtz et

al., cultivated in Quito, Nov. 1991. A. Hirtz 5607

(MO), C. Luer illustr. 16199.

Veitch from Costa Rica

This d by Messrs.

S species was imported by 5 aie knew The type-

Reichenbach. No details of its Pee

attenuata in the Reichenbach herbart mata aR osel!

zlin as M. guayanensis Lindl. paren attenua : come

with a disjunct population of M. attenuata in Ecu site tubular flower usually with

asdevallia attenuata is ae ee piesiis ften followed by 4 second

e thin, purple stripes on each sepal. The — the blades. The

flower. The sepaline tails are ye ellow of ome” base, and with a minute process

petals are acute at the apex, unguiculate at the vie cbtons tip subacute with a

between the middle and lower thirds. The apex 0 F calli on the disc are obtusely

verrucose callus inside the margins. The pair 0

angled near the middle.

728 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 366. Masdevallia attenuata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 729

Plate 367. Masdevallia attenuata

730

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 368. Intermediate between

M. attenuata and M. scabrilinguis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 731

a chontalensis Rchb. f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 17, 1878.

amed for the Nicaraguan

ee: Masdevallia diantha Schl _, Beih, Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 384

Ety.: From the Greek mic, “*two-flowered, ” referring to the pita two-flowered inflores-

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slende r. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-10 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3-7.5 cm long including an indistinct petiole, the

blade narrowly obovate, subacute 0.5-0.9 cm wide, gradually narrowed below the middle to the eh

tiolate base. Infloi rescence a congested, simultaneously hy Leen raceme (occasionally |-flowered

occasionally one flower follo peduncle 4-7.5 cm so

with a bract below the mnaddie, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts see thin, imbricating, 5-6 mm long;

pedicels 3-5 mm long; ovary green, smooth to subverrucose, 2-3 mm long; > a aan

blade of the dorsal sepal 7-9 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 5-7 mm into a

cylindrical tube, the free portion broadly triangu obtuse apex into a tail 3-

7 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong, 7-8 mm jong, 2.5-3 mm wide, connate 6-7 mm, the subacute apices

contracted into thick, yellow tails 3-5 mm long similar to that of | the dorsal sepal; petals white, 7

3- 3.3 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide, t leas Gnthel carina along the label

ar in ending ina short, acute iddl

sionally lightly speckled th n oblong. pracy’: wider above the middle, 3.75-4 mm long, 1. 152

mm wide, the apex brown, 1, obtuse to rounded, the margins minutely erose, the the disc with a pair of low,

= ig calli converging above the middle, the base subcordate, hinged below; column white, semi-

e, 3 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

NICARAGUA: Chontales: Feb. 1867, Dr. Seemann

180 (Holotype: W; Isotype: K). Granada: summit ummit of

Mt. Mombacho, alt. 1600 m, 18 Dec. 1940, V. Grant

791 (AMES); Volcan Mombacho, alt. 1300 m, 5 Jan.

1967, A. Molina 2000] (LE, W). Matagalpa: Sta.

Maria Ostuma, alt. £1500 m, 20 Feb. 1963, Ld.

Williams et a 24684 (SE

ATEMALA: Izabal: Cerro San Gil, J.A. Steyer-

mark 41957 cen

COSTA RICA: without locality, 1867, A. Endres 82

(W). Alajuela: Cerro de San Isidro de San Ramén,

alt. 1300 m, 6 June 1901, A.M. Brenes 14290 (holo-

type of M. diantha ee destroyed at B, lecto-

type: US; isotypes: AMES, CR, K); Los Angeles de

an n,

Zarcero, alt. 1450 m, 24 Aug. 1938, A. Smith aii

(AMES); between San Ra nd Balsa, alt. 1150

m, 10 Sept. 1977, W.D. Stevens 14087 (MO). Ri

85 i 989, E. Bello

Mar. 1924, P.C. Standley 39083 (AMES); Cerro

ges alt. 1500-1850 m, Be 1924, re as

tandley 34242, 34244 (AMES); Carpintera, nee

5,000 ft., 23 May 1928, Stork 2138 (AMES): a ie - PC. ore ps AMES

nado, 22 Dec. 1935, C.H. Lankester s.n. AMES);

1804 (SEL); Paraiso, Rio Grande . bin ge alt. 1250 m,

2885 CR, _ Gu ana nacaste: cee rada Se rena, sou! southeast 0

& G. Carney

25 robe

of Tilarén, alt. 700 m, 27 Jan . 1926, P.-C.

_K). Heredia: San Ge arnt

(AMES); La Palma, alt. 1290 m, 18 Nov. 1922, A.M. Bree (AMES BR, K); ene San

Palma, alt. 1500-1600 m, 20 Dec. 1881, EC. Lehmann Es to Pej, alt. 600 ™,

1800 m, 18 Sept. 1979, C. Luer et al. 4197 (SEL): api as: Monteverde, alt. 1600-1750

S. Ingram & K. Ferrell 756 (AMES, CR, K, SEL). Pantarel’' 59 on, 2 Sept. 1988, &

1986, W. Haber & E. Bello 5313 (MO); Rio Pefias Blanc

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

732

Plate 369. Masdevallia chontalensis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 733

MO). San José: near = Palma, road to La Hondura, alt. 1500-1700 m, 17 July 1923, W.R. Maxon &

. Harvey 8117 (AMES); La Hondura, alt. 1300-17 1700 m, 2-4 Mar. 1924, PC. Standley 36159, 36184,

36239, 36373, 36380, 36423, 36439, 36444, 36478, 36523, 36611 (AMES); La omens alt. ca. 1600 m,

17 Mar ely PC. Standley 38284, 38310 (AMES); Cerro El Espino, alt. 1800 m, 31 May 1985, M.

Chavarria & A. & L. Chacén 7 (CR); old road to Bajo La Hondura, alt. 1500 m, 17 June 1993, l E

“sae et al. 1537 (MO).

PANAMA: Chiriqui: Cerro cerns: Rio San Felix, alt. 1400 m, 15 July 1976, 7.B. Croat 37201

(MO); vicinity of Fortuna dam, alt. 1 m, 4 Dec. 1987, G. McPherson 11777 (MO); Veraguas: Near

anta Fe, 5 May 1977, J.P. Folsom see (MO): trail to Cerro Tute, west of Santa Fe, alt. 800-1350 m, 5

above El Valle, alt. 06 a m, 6 Mar ae, C. ioe et al. 750 (SEL); Alto Calvario, alt. 800-900 m,

77, J.P. Folsom & A. Jasion _ eres El Valle, La Mesa, 28 Apr. 1977, LP. Folsom & H.

Butcher 2817 (MO); east of El ges 200 ft., 21 June 1978, B. Hammel 3576 (MO). Panama:

Azul, alt. 700 m, 18 May 1941, i. - B. Fairchild 2532 (SEL); railroad crossing and Guillard

aie, 21 June 1994, T.B. Croat & G. Zhu 76293 (MO). Darien: Parqué N: eae Danie apoio

Sapo, alt. 800 m, 25 May 1991, H. Herrera et al. 1005 (MO).

VENEZUELA: near Colonia Tovar, 1967, coll lected and cultivated by L. Severin, 5.n. (MO).

This species is common in Central America at moderately low altitudes. A

painting of this species from Costa Rica by F.C. Lehmann is deposited at Kew. An

illustration and a description by Endres (Endres 82) made about 1867 with the pro-

posed name ‘‘Masdevallia geminiflora”’ is among Reichenbach’s specimens at

Vienna. About the same nay Reichenbach described the species from a Nicara-

guan collection by Seeman be

Masdevallia aires is easily recognized by the small habit with a peduncle

about as long as the narrowly obovate leaves, that bears a pair of small, simultane-

ous, white flowers. The sepaline tails are short and thick. The petals are oblong

with the truncate apex obscurely tridentate. A tiny, , pointed tooth is present cones

the middle and lower thirds. The lip is oblong, slightly dilated above the mi

and a pair of low calli are present on the disc

Masdevallia geminiflora, a close relative from low, western veel pe

Andes, is distinguished by larger flowers; longer, more re s a #7

with the apex obtuse and obscurely bilobulate; and the lip with a pair ae myer

lamellae near the constricted middle above which the lip is dilated tow epee.

734

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 370. Masdevallia chontalensis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 735

Masdevalli ticola Lehm. & Kraenzl , Repert. Spec. Nov Regni Veg. 17: 428,

1921.

Ety.: From the — Crescentia, a tree, and -icola, “dwelling upon,” referring to the habitat of the

plants discovered.

Pl Ramicauls erect to suberect, slender,

1-1.5 cm og. ore iy 33 pone sheaths. "Leal re coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate, sub-

acute, 9-14 c , 1.7-1.9 cm wide, ally In-

florescence a ae flower borne by a slender, bordssaeil i: Hess. poles 4-5 cm long, dotted

with purple, with two distant bracts below the middle, from won the ramicaul; floral bract thin, tubu-

lar, 6 mm long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 5 mm long, with patches

glabrous, minutely vesrsioxion decane. the dorsal sepal obovate, 13 ‘mm ae 6 mm wide, connate to the

lateral sepals for 7-8 m P y

1 aft , % Fh ry

ed into a decurved ilics ca. 10 mm lon

with purple ara below the middle, obovate, 16 mm long, 8mm mm wide, connate 11 mm, the free

portions rounded, al bruptly contracted into tails 1. 5 mm long; ; petals whi hite, i ann 5 mm long, 2.25

, the apex subtruncate PP

We + oh bs At. — |

ra the lower half with a longitu em i

between the middle and lower thirds; lip rose, diffusely dotted with purple, prov 5 mm on nk

175 mm wide, the apex obtuse, the disc with a low pair of slightly onanpug Ua the base

hinged on the end; column “aig with purple margins, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot thick, raga mm

long with an incurved extensi

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: common in Crescentia

ba,”’ alt. 200-300 m, aie and cultivated by G.

Misas, 12 Aug. 1975, R. Escobar 1459 (JAUM);

same collection, flowered in cultivation by M. & O

Robledo at La Ceja, 15 Oct. poke C. ~_ 2047

ay Quebrada Resaquita, alt. 150-200 m, collected

an rh L.C. Nees et al., 25 July 1975, ‘ Escobar 3591

This species is rare but locally abund-

ant in the Pacific lowlands from Bahia

Solano in Colombia into Esmeraldas in

Ecuador. The type locality was erroneous-

ly cited as in Colombia, probably because

of the name of the river, Rio Bogota.

Lehmann’s unlabeled watercolor painting,

t. 84, presumably of the type of this spe-

Cies, is at Kew.

The inflorescence is more or less

pendent, the peduncle bearing a flower

with a broadly expanded synsepal dotted

with purple. The rounded apices are ooth is present between the

abruptly contracted into minute tails. A small, acute t rf om aay

middle and lower third of the petal as seen in M. minuta ane't

736 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 371. Masdevallia crescenticola

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 737

Masdevallia flaveola Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 21: 638, 1884.

Ety.: From the Latin saints “‘a little bit ae — to the size and color.

Plant s Ramicauls slender, erect, |- re

cm long, eoctated by: 2- 3 ‘thins close, ar sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous,

obovate, 4-9 cm fe 1-25 em long, 1.2-1.7 em wide,

gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base _ Inflorescence a loose, few-flowered

raceme, up to 3 cm long, borne by a slender, erect peduncle, 7-10 cm long, ' with a bract below the | py

dle, from low on the ramicaul; floral brac ts tul tubul ar, 5- i ng; y

long; as. white to light yellow-gr -green ly pubescent ithin, the dorsal | obovate 8

mm lon wide, co nnate 1 ee eo be Vales, Il mhe the free portion

casas with the apex obtuse, contracted into an erect, thickened, subclavate, orange tail 10-12 mm

long. we meee cepai —— icy brown below the middle, , oblong, oblique, 7-8 mm ee. 35-4 mm

ices ob ontracte basally for 3-4

mm to form a mentum vith he oie petals yellow-white, ovate, sobunguiclte, 5 mm long, 2.5 2.5

mm wide, the rown, obtuse, obscurely

callus at the angle between middle third and the claw; lip yellow to greenish, oblong, 6 ma fonm thong, 2 2 -

wide, the apex acute, thick, verrucose

disc shallowly sulcate between a longivadine’ pair of oblique calli with angles near the middle, ‘the “a

subcordate, hinged beneath; column he ae with the margins purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, the

5 mm long with a short, incurved extensio

COSTA RICA: Without locality, collected by

Hiibsch for F. Sander, rae cultivated by F Sander

Limén: eastern Atlantic range, between Orosi and

Rio Macho, alt. 1250 m, ah alee by Cl. Horich,

1982, cultivated by W. Kéniger s.n. (M, MO, SEL),

Rio Macho, collected by R. Escobar, July 1983,

cultivated at Colomborquideas, 7 May 1993, C. Luer

16714 (MO). Without collection data, cultivated by

D. Richardson 3082, 14 Nov. 1977, C. Luer 21

(SEL).

PANAMA: Chiriquf: northeast of Boquete, Rio

Palo Alto, 19 Nov. 1978, B. Hammel 5757 (MO).

This species is uncommon in Costa

Rica and adjacent Panama. It is related to

M. attenuata and M. laucheana, but dis-

tinguished from them by the loose raceme

of successive, small, yellowish flowers

with the sepaline tube constricted above a

mentum formed with the column-foot.

Most distinctive are the orange, clavate,

Sepaline tails.

The petals are provided with

subunguiculate base. The apex of the

an obtuse callus at the — angle with the

lip bears a verrucose callus

738 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 372. Masdevallia flaveola

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 739

Masdevallia floribunda Lindl., Bot. Reg. 29: Misc. 72, 1843.

Ety.: cory the Latin floribundus, “with many flowers,” referring to the free-flowering habit of the

specie

Syn.: Masdevallia galeottiana A.Rich. & Galeotti, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 3: 17, 1845.

Ety.: Named in honor of H. Galeotti, Italian botanist, who collected extensively in Mexico.

Syn.: Masdevall leniana A.Rich. & Galeotti, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 3: 17, 1845.

.: Named in a “te Jean Linden, Belgi

Syn.: Masdevallia myriostigma Morren > webgiaat Hort. 25: 361, 1875, as myriosigma.

Ety.: From the Greek myriostigma, ‘myriad eye-spots,” referring to the numerous, tiny dots.

Syn.: Masdevallia tuerckheimii Ames, Orchidaceae pa 265, 1908.

Ety.: Named in honor of Hans von Tiirckheim who ies in Guatemala

Syn.: M ib jit Liedlevenn 3 32, 1988.

Syn.: aan ‘beorcdafenae Koniger, Arcula 3: 65, 1995.

Ety.: N. for Ingrid Burzlaff of Graasten, Denmark, who cultivates this species.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender,

bular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, comaceous, 5-13

floral bract tubular, 5-8 mm long; pedicel 5-15 mm long, ovary 3-4 mm long, more or

purple; sepals white to pale pies: or pale rose, variously dotted or p with purple, as suf-

fused with purple toward the base, microscopically pubescent w ithi dorsal sepal obovate, 8-1 se

long, 5-6 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to - cepa I sepals for 5- 7mm sa a so aeyledea tube, the

portion broadly triangular, with microscopically erose margins, contracted into an erect, — ,

green to brown tail 10-15 mm —e the ti wre obovate, oblique, connate 9-15 mm rhe

lamina 10-18 mm long, 12-15 m 6-veined, the tuse apices contracted slender

tails 4-10 mm long; petals white elliptical -oblon, 4.5-5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex truncate,

minutely tridentate, the labellar margin n with a longitudinal callus pare rh 5-5.5 mm long, 2 mm

between the — and lower thirds: lip aes esl cone itudinal of oblique calli

wide, the apex rounded, microscopically ve se, the disc with a ake, dng chs margins,

above the idle, the base subc rc» » hinged bem ;

semiterete, 4-5 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long with an incurved extension.

MEXICO: without collection data (possibly collected

by H. Galeotti in Vera Cruz in 1840), cultivated in

(Holotype: K). Vera Cruz: alt. 3,000 ft., 1840, H.

Galeotti 5075 (holotype of M. galeottiana: isotypes:

2, ); Mirador, J. Linden 193 (W, type of M.

lindeniana), without a locality, ca. 1840, FE.

Leibold s.n. ( itica in nays umbrosis

of M. myriostigma: W); apparently same collection,

ex ete MeEsq 1876, (W) 2962; Orizaba, 1904, C.

Purpus s.n. (AMES, BR). near Zacuap mae ee asunhewe

1 July 1936, C.A. Purpus 2935 (AMES); Coréo 1971, Neviing &

2432 (AMES). Cordova, Jan. 1890, H. Finch s.n. (K)s EIN a9 Noy. 1980, C. Laer 5000

Ventura A. 8690 (MEX, P); ries by RL Dee Tens SEL, 17 June 1977, C- uh eo

autlap4n, collected by R. McDiarmid, flowered in 29 Apr. 1939, R- E. Freeh & BP. oe AL

) a: Tuxtepec, Cerro Frijol alt. 550 m, Flena, alt. 1170 m, 15 Dec. 1981, =

varia, NE O artinez S. 13518,

nitaria, m, 10 U,

t. 150-m, 10 Sept. 198% so4i

oie 1986, E. Martinez 0 16147

AMES).

Breedlove 56225 (AMES); Ocos

130 m, 12 Jan. 1986, E. Ma

ingo, road tc

13611 (MEXU, MO); Ocosingo, road

MO); Rio Chixoy above Boca Lacantum Chajul

(MEXU, MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 373. Masdevallia floribunda

(M. galeottiana)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 741

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: San Juan de Chamelco, 1 May 1882, FC. Hpieege 1405 (G); Cubil-

quitz, alt. 350 m, Aug. 1903, H. von Tiirckheim II 464 (holotype of

BR, E, G, W); Cobén, alt. 1350 m, Dec. 1912, H. von Tiirckheim AMES, LD): Cc collected

O. Tinschert, cultivated 6 Jan. 1983, C. Luer 8517 (SEL). Izabal: along Rio oe alt. 75 m, 17 Dec.

1941, J.A. Steyermark 39966 (AMES). Without collection data, cultivated by I. & H. Burzlaff in Gris-

; .

ten, Denmark, W. Kéniger WK-39 (holotype of M. burzlaffiana: M; isotype: USCG: pha MO), C.

Luer illustr, 1

BELIZE: Toledo District, Union Camp, alt. 720 m, 28 Sept. 1980, B.R. Adams 277 (K); near Belize

collected by G. Pfister, cultivated by B. Wirstle at Spielberg, Germany, 6 Sept. 1981, C. Luer 6457

(SEL); along river west of Rio Frio Caves, near Augustine, Dec. 1984, P.M. Catling & V.R. Brownell

B35 (AMES); southern Maya Mountains, alt. 420 m, dpa or G. Davidse & D.L. Holland 36634

(MO); Cayo, 8 Km. from Las Cuevas, alt. 455 m, without da ins 1210 (MO).

HONDURAS: Comayagua: Siguetepegue, alt. 3,700 ft., ii fe 1932, J.B. Edwards 312 (AMES).

Cortes: Santa Cruz de Yojoa, alt. 2,000 ft., 16 N ov. 1933, J.B. Edwards 596 (AMES, K). Without locali-

ty, collected by F. Fuchs, Jr., cultivated 14 Feb. 1981, C. Luer (SEL).

COSTA eine without locality, A. Endres 25 (W); near Agua Caliente, alt. 1500 m, 5 Jan. 1882, FC.

Lehmann 1076 (W).

POLOMULA. ‘‘Nova Granada,” cultivated at St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, I Nov. 1889, as M.

myriostigma (LE).

This species is relatively frequent in its distribution through southern Mexico

and Guatemala into Honduras, but rarely, as far as Costa Rica. It is the only s

of Masdevallia known from Mexico where it has the northernmost distribution of

any species in the genus. It was collected independently by Galeotti and Leibold in

Vera Cruz in 1840, and described by Lindle ey in 1843 from a cultivated specimen.

In 1845, A. Richard and Galeotti published two color-forms, the purple-spotted

color-form as M. galeottiana and the pale yellow color-form as M. lindeniana. A

larger-flowered, densely purple-spotted color-form from Guatemala was published

by Ames as M. tuerckheimii. The sepals of flowers from Honduras are pale, nearly

white, and smaller-flowered. ; ‘

Masdevallia floribunda is a medium-sized, caespitose plant characterized by

narrowly obovate leaves borne by short ramicauls. The inflorescence is a succes-

Sively few-flowered raceme borne by a slender peduncle of varying lengths. o

lateral sepals are connate into a broad synsepal that is variously dotted or soap

with purple, and with tails much shorter than that of the dorsal sepal. The s ae

minutely tridentate at the apex, and callous along the labellar margin ee aE

a minute point between the middle and lower thirds. The lip is 5g ” :

less oblique, longitudinal calli that are similar to those of subgenus Polyant

cles about as long as the leaves,

Typical M. floribunda is characterized by pedun cA eastaslcas

and smaller than average flowers with pale yellow, dotted sepals. soit basi

considered to be M. tuerckheimii is distinguished by shorter is eet ou

than average flowers with densely purple-spotted sepals. Even wi

t to recognize any of the above

too many intermediates between the extremes exis

between veins of the lateral sepals

Synonymous names. The longitudinal convexity t, especially in M.

noted on a clone described as M. burzlaffiana are often present, espe

tuerckheimii, but to a lesser degree, in other clones.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

742

Plate 374. Masdevallia floribunda

(M. tuerckheimii)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 743

Plate 376. Masdevallia floribunda

(M. lindeniana)

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

(M. tuerckheimii)

Plate 375. Masdevallia floribunda

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 745

Masdevallia geminiflora P. Ortiz, Orquideologia 14: 14: 2 1981.

Ety.: From wei Latin geminiflorus, “‘twin-flowered,” referring to the simultaneously two-flowered

inflorescen

Plant small, epiphytic i ts slend Ramicauls slender, erect, 0.5-1 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. ‘Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-6 cm long including an indistinct petiole 1-1.5 cm long,

the blade narrowly ~~ CRE: 0.7-1 cm wide, gradually narrowed below to the subpetiolate

base. Inflorescence ously 2-flowered, congested raceme, occasionally 1-flowered, borne by

an erect peduncle 5- 7 cm longs round in cross- meres with a bract above the base, from low on the

cating, 5-8 mm long; pedicel 5-7 mm long; ovary a Aes

carinate; ‘sepals pale yellow to whit, ones the dorsal sepal obovate, 12m long, 5.5-6.5 mm a wide,

<a to ‘the Ia lateral sepals for 9-10 mm dl

t ll ntrorse tail 12-15 mm ol the lateral sepals white 0 or

on nei pale cnange -brown spots, obovate, 161 ma long, connate 10- 12 mm into a broad lamina

13-14 m an

tails

9-10 mm long; g; petals white oblong, 4-4. 5 mm long 1. 5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, unequally bilo-

bulate, roe Tabellar half with

third; lip white, oblon vag phate "4-4. s mm long, 1.5 5-2 mm wide ab 1 constriction, the apex

subacute to obtuse, with minutely erose margins th f obtuse, lamellate calli near the

eishie, the base chess, —— me column white, : semiterete, a 31 mm long, the foot 1 mm

long, with a short, incurved exten

COLOMBIA: Valle del meee epiphytic in forest

near the Calima dam, alt. 1500 m, P. Ortiz 607

Ortiz 4359 (JAUM, SEL), cultivated by R. Escobar,

. Luer illustr. 6436; same locality, cultivated Jan.

1981, P. Ortiz 4392 (Herb. Ortiz, SEL); Repressa de

Calima, Rio Bravo, alt. 1500 m, collected by M.

Robledo, cultivated at La Ceja, 9 Apr. 1988, C. Luer

alt. 1600-1800 m, cultivated by Amalia Lehmann de

Sarria in Popayan, 21 Oct. 1982, C. tae 8175 (SEL).

Antioquia: Parqué Nacional Natural ‘Las oO sage

deas” Sector Calles, Rio Calles, alt. 1280-1320 m, 2

June 1988, A. Cogollo & J.P. Ramirez <r a

| Lehmann 1

Clark 3071 (MO, QCNE); same area, Lae de los

lpg: west of Quinindé, alt. 700 m Mar.

L. Clark 4038 (NO, QCNE). EI tive epi-

ryt, eu forest between Pifias and Sta. Rosa, alt.

00 m, 9 Oct. 1979, C.H. Dodson et al. 9203 (SEL).

This comparatively rare, close relative of the

chontalensis occurs in wet forests at relatively low Pad Ortiz

lera of Colombia and western Ecuador. It was first discovered . 1 oem co-

Valdivieso, S.J., of the Universidad Javeriana in syst oa on and illus-

incidence, the epithet ** geminiflora” had vee > aaa on a descripti

tration by Endres for M. chontalensis about 18 ond

The simultaneous pair of pale yellow flowers with faint SE baleen

borne by a terete peduncle are characters that distinguish : re jarger caches

to M. chontalensis, but distinguished from the latter by shgntty at cmacuceld

sepals with longer, more slender tails; petals with i pes hich the slip becomes

bilobed; and a lip with prominent lamellate calli beyon #2 als of plants from

dilated toward the tip. The faint orange a oir gan the white flowers

Colombia is not present in the plants from Ecuador, whic

to resemble M. chontalensis.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

746

Plate 377. Masdevallia geminiflora

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 747

_— gadeee Luer, Phytologia 42: “61, heigela

ty.: Named in honor of Jorge f thi

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. ig ol coriaceous, 4-6.5 cm long including the petiole ca. 1 cm long.

the blade narrowly obovate, obtuse, 5-9 mm wide, gradually narrowed below

Inflorescence a solitary, white flower sored bya slender, erect peduncle 6-10 cm long, with a bract

below the middle, from al on the rami ca aul; floral bract tubular, 5-7 7 mm long; pedicel 8-12 mm iy

ovary greenish white, 2-4 m

mm long, 2-3 mm wide, plone to 5 the lateral sepals for 6-7 mm to form a cylindrical, sepaline tube, rd

apex gradually contracted into a suberect, white tail 10-12 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique,

connate 6 mm into an oblong lamina ca. 10 long, 4-6 mm wide, forming a a shallow mentum w with ti the

column-foot, the 7 a nar

oblong, 3-4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex tridentate, th iddle tooth the long tp awd eves fi

with a low itudinal carina d h . oh

thirds; lip white, oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex pe reaper Sk caaenlaie ans

the disc with a pair of low, a folds near the middle, the base subcordate, ee beneath; column

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: epiphytic in seasonally dry

forest near Caranda, 50 Km northwest of Santa Cruz,

00 m, collected by L. Moreno & J. pgs

cultivated = J & L Orchids, Easton, CT., 25 N

1978, C. Luer 3623 (Holotype: SEL); same pt

nia de Huauchaea, alt. 600 m, 3 Feb. 1988, R. Vas-

quez, & O. Moreno s.n. (MO).

This ae white-flowered species is

most similar to M. minuta, which

also is known from the northern lowlands

of Amazonian Bolivia. Masdevallia gu-

tierrezii, apparently endemic in central

Bolivia, was first collected in the seasonal-

ly dry forests surrounding Santa Cruz by

Dr. Luis Moreno and Jorge Gutierrez, both

of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

The species is distinguished from M. minuta by the lon

cles and larger flowers with a longer sepaline tube. The

species hidden within the sepaline tube are very similar.

ger leaves, longer pedun-

748 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 378. Masdevallia gutierrezii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 749

ee herradurae Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. _ mers 26: = 1899,

d for the vicinity of Rio ‘Herradura (Spanish ) near Frontino in

UlliCia LVIUIIDIa

niet — sepaieh page ores Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. pion 7: 81, 1920.

Ety.: From the Latin ooted,” referring to the short,

Syn.: apt fra Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. a 17: 421, 1921,

Ety. : Named for the f Frontino near

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly bbe ye acute, sete, 7-12

cm long including an indistinct petiole 2-4 cm long, 0.7-1.1 cm wide, gradually narrowed into the

indistinctly “eno base. Inflorescence a single flower, usually produced i in profusion, mboame by: a

slender, erect a rect peduncle, 2.5-4 cm long,

caul; floral brac ae 6 mm long; pedicel 4-6 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals aeour of purple or

yellow, aioe the dorsal sepal pears ay 7-8 mm long, 3 mm wie, Sonor the lateral sepals

for 3-4 mm into a short, cylindrical tube, the free

acpi a ca. 2 cm long, the lateral sepas oblong-obovate, oblique, 3.9 mm long, ‘ 4.5 mm wide, con-

pode rs mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, apiculate, the labellar margin wi low, longitudinal

callus ending in a short pda high etl

oblong-obovate, 3.75 mm long, 1 75 mm wide, with ot g iddle

tuse, the disc shallowly sulcate between a low, | 1 bcordate haga

ross column greenish white with the margin preci semiterete, 3.5 mm sete the foot 2 mm long

with a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: along Rio Herradura near

ed by F. Sander s.n. (holotype of M. frontinoénsis:

1978, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja,

McCullough 1939 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 1090C;

Apia, alt. 800 m, collected by J.M. Serna, cultivated

at Spigge acer May 1980, R. Escobar s.n.

(SEL). ‘‘Cauca:” without gees M. Madero s.n.

(holotype of M. xine destroy B).

This species is relatively frequent in

the Western Cordillera and the Central

Cordillera of Colombia. It was described

from one of the many collections of F.C.

Lehmann. Although small, the plants

usually produce an abundance of small,

Proportionately long-tailed flowers on s

commonly dark purple, but yellow forms occur. jc eae

the tube; the petals possess a small, pointed eS cis

third; and the lip possesses a pair of oblique, marginal call!

flowers are most

hort peduncles. The

are free bey’

The slender sepals of the lower

750 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 379. Masdevallia herradurae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 751

RA Al rs | L

Kraenzl., Gard. World 11: 134, 1894, nomen: etin Woolward,

in Genus Masdevallia t. 19, 1E96.

Named in honor of Herr L ustria, a friend of Krii

PL in size, epiphytic, it lend Ramicauls cauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, t, coriaceous, 7-14 cm long including the petiole 2-4 cm long,

the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1.3-2.1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into

the ys Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, suberect peduncle 4-6 cm long, with a

brac! the base, fi , 7-9 mm long; pedicel 11-25 mm long;

steep ct reen, 4-5 mm long; on white, ap to partially marked pe purple along the veins,

glabrous, the dorsal sepal obo vbr 8- ‘9 mm ong, z mm w ide, connate to the lateral Sepals for 6 =" to

form a campanulate, sepaline tu

flexed, orange tail 2.5-3 cm ae 1. 25 mm thick, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, ‘obovate, 13-14 <_

long, 8-9 mm wide, connate 8 9

low, secondary mentum, th btuse t ded, contracted into d d

of the dorsal ‘Sepal; petals white, , ovate-tri iangular, acute, sh ly ungulate, 5-5.5 mm mong. 2-2. 5 mm

wide, with Il in endi tooth above the

pall at the claw; lip — or yellowish, oblong-ligulate, 6mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex narrowly

tuse, y with a ) minutely be paages purplish callus i = - center of

eo concavity, more or t yap git inae with

obtuse angles near

Ah +h — Init, eh ,

the

semiterete, 5 mm long, ni ae 2.5 mm tp with a very short, incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: San José: epiphytic in forest ca. 10 pace >

Km south of San José, alt. 1500 m, collected by L.

Glicenstein, 5 Jan. 1978, cultivated at J & L Orchids, : acai

a in, CT, i” Oct. 1988, . Luer 13755 oo : SS

“Ise erb. H. Kiniger). Cartago: H

sot 1927, C. H. balate ¥ 060 (AMES). wiiou

locality or collector, cultivated by D. Richardson

1366, 15 Nov. 1977, C. Luer 2197 (SEL); without

risa fog by W. Koniger in Munich, Germany, A

Oct. 1986, C. Luer 11613 (MO). e \

Although easily recognized, this spe-

cies is closely allied to M. attenuata, also

from Costa Rica. In appearance the two

species are very similar. The flowers are

about the same in size and color, but the

conical sepaline tube of M. laucheanais | .. ot,

broadly dilated above the middle intoa Bs. / gy

secondary mentum, and it is only occa- we,

sionally partially marked with i 2 ty

along the veins. The sepaline tube 0

A is narrowly cylindrical without a broad, secondary girs ss aemped

with longitudinal purple stripes along the veins. The tails o : a aes

orange, but those of M. laucheana are noticeably thicker and brig rey san

all dissimilarities cease. The petals, lip and column are essentially identica Legg

species. Some clones of M. laucheana emit a pleasant fragrance not prese

attenuata.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

752

Plate 380. Masdevallia laucheana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 753

‘iéicaitanaliiea chess Rchb.f. & Roezl, Gard. Chron. n.s. 2: 322, 1874, emend.

cee Chron. ns. 4: 290, 1875.

fe (1813-1873), Scotti ized at that time through hi in Africa by the

British explorer Sir Henry steal wap

Syn. Scaphosepalum panamense Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 205, 1913.

Ety.: Named for Panama, the country of i of the specimen.

Syn: Masdevallia livingstoneana Schltr. u Ames, Repert. ~_ Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 15,

1922, emend. Sched. Orchid. 5: 9, 1923, n non mt Rchb.f & Roezl

Syn.: M is (Schltr.) ) Ames, Sched. Orchid. 4: 9, 1923.

# f

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. R Ramicauls erect, 0.5-1.5 cm long, 2

closed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, rather thickly coriaceous, 6-12 cm long including an

defined petiole 1- 13 cm long, the pap dra rie elliptical-obovate, 1-1.8 cm wide, the apex saaes ;

rounded, gradually narrowed below Inflorescence a solitary showy flower, often followed

by a second flower, borne by as

base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6-7 mm ji

long; sepals fleshy, yellowish white or Lariess white, suffused with light purple now on the free,

ic portions, suffused with dark red

of the tube, glabrous externally, minutely pubes

the dorsal sepal more or less oblong, 25 mm sei 4.5 mm

connate 9 a to the lateral sepals to form a — curved, perl saline . tube, the free portion

recurved, linear-oblong, 16 mm long, with revolu margins, narrowly obtuse, , i

falcate, 18 mm long, connate 7 mm, the free seh triangular, acute, 7-8 mm say with - Y re-

curved margins; petals white, <—- obtuse, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm w wide, the labellar half with a low,

ing in a short, acute tooth between the middle and lower thirds; sag eed

flecked with purple on white, be with yellow at the apex and base, oblong-subpandurate, > a

long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, the disc with a low pair o

eel truncate-retuse, Seceid below; column white, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with

a slender, incurved extension.

le 4-6 cm long, ith a tubul: ar bract above the

1c On

331 wl £5, * the

NAMA: Panama: presumably near Culebra

(future Canal Zone), autumn 1873, B. Roezl 74

H. Pittier 2803 (holotype of S. panamense: destroy:

at B); foothills east of Panama City, alt. 100-150 ft.,

Feb. 1919, C.W. Powell 78 (AMES); foothills west of

Gamboa, collected by R.L. Dressler and N.H. wil-

liams, cultivated at SEL 3 Jan. 1979, C. Luer Luer 3650

(SEL). Colén: Santa Rita Ridge, 10 Feb. 1968, R.L-

Dressler 3374 (MO). Los Santos: Loma Prieta

Cerro Grande, alt. 2,400-2,800 ft., 8 June

Lewis et al. 2254 (MO). Darién: Rio Jacque, Flat

River flood plain, alt. 100 m, 29 Jan . 1982, S. Knapp

COSTA RICA: Limé6n: near Panamanian op

cultivated by A. Lepiz in Vancouieets B.C.,

1996, C. Luer 17845 (MO). ta and

COLOMBIA. Chocé: Near Madurex Logging Camp above Teresi

do, 7 Feb. 1967, J.A. Duke 9911 (NY).

below the rapids on Rio Truan-

754 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 381. Masdevallia livingstoneana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 755

Benedict Roezl first discovered this distinctive species in the path of the future

Panama Canal. Only a few of the numerous plants he shipped to London survived

to reach the auction house of F. Sander & Co. Reichenbach’s scanty first descrip-

tion in 1874 was emended the following year when he received fresh flowers from

the collection of Prince Egon von Fiirstenberg. Apparently no plants of M. living-

stoneana survived in cultivation in Europe. By 1896 Woolward had not had the

opportunity to see the species; she excluded it from the genus, suggesting that it

belonged to Pleurothallis.

Masdevallia livingstoneana was next discovered by Pittier in the Canal Zone in

1911 before the completion of the canal. His dried specimens were misinterpreted

by Schlechter who described the species in the genus Scaphosepalum. Schlechter

corrected his error in 1922 after he received more and better material from C.W.

Powell of Balboa. The species had been known only from lowland, central

but more recent collections extend the range to adjacent, Atlantic slopes of Costa

Rica and neighboring Chocé of Colombia.

Masdevallia livingstoneana is easily identified by the broad sepals of the color-

ful flower. The free portions of the lateral sepals are subfalcate, while the free

portion of the dorsal sepal is recurved.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

756

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 757

Masdevallia minuta Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 396, 1843.

Ety.: From the Latin minutus, “‘very small,” referring to the habit of the plant.

Syn.: Masdevallia surinamensis Focke, Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch, 4; 62, 1851.

Ety.: Named for cians the country of origin of the described specimen.

t small to very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, Se

—~ east by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, |

mm wide, gradually narrowed below to the narrow, i sian aeatian Wonenns

a err flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 15-60 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from

low on the ramicaul; floral bract 5-10 mm long; pedicel 3-12 mm long; ovary —_ long; om

‘tail, 2-

white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, 6-2 mm long without the -3 mm i connate 5- mm

wed into a broad, terete, light yellow tail 4-7 mm long, the lateral ‘sepals connate 4-5 mm into an

pear bifid synsepal 8-10 mm long without the tails, 5-6 mm wide expanded, the acute apices nar-

rowed into tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 3-3. 75 mm long, 1- 15 mm wide,

the apex obtuse to subtruncate, hee: 1- to 3 dentate, t h rn tip

above the margin ere t h d

white, eon? with yellow, sc nottled ith purple 3.25-4 mm long, 1-1.5

mm wide, al calli

obtuse to rounded, minutely verrucose, the disc wit pa a a pair ae low, v, longits ”

near the middle, th

margins A ty sain in purple, semiterete,

incurved extension

3-3.5 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long, with a short,

SURINAME: without locality, Mar. 1842, O. Host-

mann 151 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: BM, G, LE, W)

Apr. 1844, A. Kappler 1534 (BR, G, MO, P, W);

Magdeburg. Wullschlaegel 538 (holotype of M.

Paramaribo, May 1846, Kegel s.n.

(Ww). Siaehabees: Surina 538 (BR); Jodensavanne-

Mapane creek area, 23 June 1955, J.P. Schluz 7224

(AMES); road to Patamaca, alt. 110 m, 13 Apr. 1976,

C.H. Dodson & J. Blaser 6033 (SEL); Saut Paloulou

Icholi, Bassin de haut-Maroni, alt. 150 m, 18 Sept.

1994, J.J. De Granville ented S oer

5 m, 15 Ma 81, S. Barrier 2777 (P); Atachi

Bacca io ry River, alt. 100 m, 31 Jan. 1 9,

Leuenb Hagemann s.n (B); D.Z. de Saut

1991, M. Hoff 6940 (CAY); Roche Touatou, Bassin De Granville 14002 (CAY); Face nord de

de L’Oyapock, alt. 120 by 19 May, 1995, G. Cremers & J.J. pies (CAY).

L’inselberg, alt. 220 m, 4 Apr. 1997, G. pei &F Page

G.S. Jenman 2

ary Samak Sah it 1884, “Jan, 1902, E. Ule 6070 (BR. HBG).

Rio Negro 902,

VENEZUELA: as “M. aa without locality, FC. ve Py 1352 (W)-

COLOMBIA: Llanos of San Martin, June ratcpaiprl aig "\, Hirte 3920 (MO); Rio Jatunyacu above

3954 (AMES,

> Killip & A- A.C. Smith 23994

19 Jeat 1929, E.P. Killip & A.C. Smith 24 a

bo, alt. 700 m, operant :

G, K, MO, NY, S, US); Rfo Paucart Meza, cultivated by W.

25320 (US); Chanchamayo, collected by J-

758

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 382. Masdevallia minuta

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 759

Aug. 1982, C. Luer 8120 (SEL). San Martin: Zepelacio near Moyabamba, alt. 1100 m, May 1934, G.

Klug 3616 (AMES, K, MO, NY, S, US); Tarapoto north of Moyabamba, alt. 1000 m, collected by Puch

cultivated by W. Kéniger in Munich, Germany, 25 Oct. 1985, C. Luer 11445 (MO); Lamas, Tangarana,

alt. 700 m, 14 Aug. 1983, W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger & M. Arias K-93a (K, M, SEL, USM, W, Herb. H.

K®6niger).

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare, near Villa Tunari, alt. 500 m, Nov. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer et al. 4051

(SEL).

7 ' eet,

Splittgerben, collecting in what is now Suriname, was apparently the first of the

early collectors to have collected this small species. An intended name written on

the herbarium sheet at W is ‘“‘Specklinia spathulata.” From a collection by Hostmann

in 1842 it was described by Lindley the following year. It is frequent and widely

distributed in the extensive, contiguous forests of mountainous lowlands surround-

ing the Amazon basin from the Guyanas into Bolivia.

Masdevallia minuta is variable in size both vegetatively and florally. The

peduncle may be shorter or longer than the leaves. The thick sepaline tails of the

small, white flower are about as long as the blades; the petals possess a pointed

callus between the middle and lower thirds; and a low pair of calli are present on the

disc of the lip above the middle.

Masdevallia minuta, a single-flowered species of the section, appears similar to

the species of section Triotosiphon, sometimes making a distinction difficult. The

latter, however, lack the pointed callus of the petals.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 383. Masdevallia minuta

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 761

Masdevallia nicaraguae Luer, pitt cel 5: 148, 1979.

Ety.: Named for Nicaragua, the country of origin

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 1-1.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-11 cm long including the petiole 2-4 cm

sa - blade narrowly obovate, obtuse, 1.4-1.7 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the slender

petio rescence a solitary flo flow er borne by an erect | to suberect, slender peduncle 4-6.5 cm ren

ae a cae —. the middle, from low t tubular, 5-6 mm long; pedicel 10-

14 mm long; o —— 6-8 mm long; sepals snow white, faintly s Teed tits iii oat

base, glabrous, oe al sepal veined in rose within, oblong, 13 mm long, 5 mm wide expanded, con-

nate to the lateral ak for 11-12 mm to form a cylindrical tube, the triangular free obtuse,

to an erect.

apiculate, the labellar margin with pra

lip white with purple specks, plane ligelaes4 x oe a 1.5 mm wide, the apex subacute, yellow, with

minutely erose margins, the disc with a pair longitudinal calli above the middle, the base truncate,

a ar column white, semiterete, . mm long, the foot thick, 2 mm long, with an incurved

exten

NICARAGUA: Chontales: near Santo Tomas, alt.

200-500 m, 11 Jan. 1974, collected by J. Atwood s.n.,

cultivated by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 7 Novem-

io 1977, C. Luer 2118 (Holotype: _, route 7,

anto Tomas, alt. 200-500 m, 11 Jan. 1 4, Atwood

é sn 7027 (AMES, MO, SEL). ce Colonia

ruria, alt. 50 m, Pipoly 3888 & 3928 (MO).

This species was first discovered by

Dr. John Atwood while collecting orchids

in Nicaragua. Plants of this species were

obtained by J & L Orchids, but an error

was made in the collection data. Volcan

Mombacho in the department of Granada

was given in the original description as the

locality, but Dr. Atwood’s memory and

records suggest that it was collected at a

low altitude near Santo Tomas in the

department of Chontales

The snow white-flowered peer

nicaraguae, apparently endemic in Nic cbeliflore

agua, is allied to M. floribunda Lindl. co farther north, - va rs : ce - -

Ames, also from Nicaragua, but not from the same aga i a al ,

sepals that are short, triangular and diverging. From Lag the dorsal sepal, and

distinguished by the larger, pure white flowers, the oi

the broadly dilated lateral sepals above the sepaline tu

762 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 384. Masdevallia nicaraguae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 763

Masdevallia pescadoénsis Luer & Escobar, pr er ig r 13: his 1979.

Ety.: Named for “El Pescado,” Rio Cocorn4, where the species w

medium in size, Path caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long,

enclosed % met 3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 10- 0-15 cm long including the petiole 3-6

cm long, the blade narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, gradually narrowed below

into the indistinctly petiolate base. Inflorescence a single flower, sometimes fo followed by a second

flower, borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle, 4-6 cm long, with a bract above the base, from

low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5-6 mm peg pedicel 10-16 mm gf ovary white, subverru-

cose, 7-10 mm long; sepals light green, glabrous, the dorsal esteem” HE mm long, 4-6 mm wide,

ara to the lateral sepals for me mm into a ee aarp tube, the free portion triangular with

the apex acute nish white tail 18-25 mm long, the

ater sepals suffused with light brown below the middle, narrow ly ovate, oblique, ca. 17 mm long, 5

e, connate 4-5 mm, the apices attenuated into tals similar to that of t the Gorsal fede petals

et mies, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, t he label-

lar oon with a longitudinal carina, ending i in a short, acute process be tween en the middle os lower

thirds; lip white, minutely flecked with si oblong, 4-5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the apex obtuse,

ae erose and minutely papillose, with a small, purple callus near the margin, the disc shallow-

ly sulcate between a longi pair of sere verrucose calli near the middle, the base i

hinged beneath; column suffused with rose, semiterete, 3.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with a

short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: penn Cocorn4, ‘El Pescado,”

op Cocorn4, alt. 600-800 m, 10 Sept. 1976, collect-

ed by G. Misas * L. Vieira, cultivated by Vieira in

Medellin, 1 Oct. 1977, R. Esco bar 1092 ctu

JAUM; Isotype: SEL), C. Luer sl

This species, apparently endemic in the

northern part of the Central Cordillera of

Colombia at a low altitude, is related to

some Central American species such as M.

attenuata. Vegetatively and florally, it is

similar, but M. pescadoénsis is distin-

guished by shorter peduncles, and a larger

flower with light green sepals, free beyond

the sepaline tube, suffused with brown

below the middle and with comparatively

thick tails. The petals possess an acute

tooth between the middle and lower thirds,

and the lip possesses a pair of oblique calli

above the middle.

7164 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 385. Masdevallia pescadoénsis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 765

Masdevallia scabrilinguis Luer, Phytologia 44: 168, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin scabrilinguis, “with rough tongue,” referring to the jum.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to

obtuse, 6-10 cm long including an indistinct petiol 0.5-2 cm long, 0 i narrowed

below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single flower, sometimes followed by a second flower,

the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5 mm long; pedicel 9 mm long; ovary a ; white,

brous (microscopically pubescent) within, the -oblong, 10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for 6 t lindrical tube ion triangular with the apex

acute, contracted into an erect, slender, yellow tail 9-11 mm long, the lateral sepals obovate, oblique,

connate 6 form a lamina 9 mm long, 21 mm wide expanded, the apices obtuse, contracted into

tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong-ovate, subunguiculate, 5 mm long, 2 mm

wide, the apex acute to subacute, the labellar margin thickened, ending in a low callus at the

between middle third and the claw; lip yellow-white, yellow at the apex, oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide,

apex obtuse to rounded, thick, verrucose, with dentic i ulcate

between a longitudinal pair of oblique, verrucose calli near the middle, the base subcordate,

n ite, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with an incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: San José:

1936, A. Skutch 2438 (AMES); between Rio Coton

and Rio Negro, 15 Km from Sabalito, alt. 1200-1300

m, 17 Jan. 1967, W. Burger & G. Matta 4515

(AMES, F, MO).

This species, found in Costa Rica and

Western Panama, is closely allied to the

sympatric M. attenuata, and probably has

been identified as such in the past. Except

for slightly smaller flowers, herbarium

specimens are indistinguishable.

Masdevallia scabrilinguis is ee

guished by a single, small, white, tubular ms

flower ah ae and yellowish ine tails about as sts a a

sometimes followed by a second flower. The petals are su ae eS aang

apex, more or less unguiculate at the base, and with the margin Th pair of calli on

acute tooth. The apex of the oblong lip is obtuse and verrRCOne. oo adeeaestiale

the disc are verrucose and obtusely angled near the middle. Specime

between M. attenuata and M. scabrilinguis have been seen.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 386. Masdevallia scabrilinguis

So Ra ee ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 767

Masdevallia tokachiorum Luer, Lindleyana 6: 90, 1991.

Ety.: Named in honor of Robert Tokach, who discovered this species, and Kenneth Tokach of

Tacoma, Washington, who successfully cultivated this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1,5 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, | 6-8. 5 cm yee the blade elliptical,

successively and loosely 2-flowe: aig lend tt Je 6-9 cm long

long; pedicel 7-15 mm long; ovary 4-6 mm aa dorsal ae —— sparsely Spina a within,

ovate, the blade 11-13 mm long, "6-8 mm wi ide, c

broad, cylindrical tube with a deep mentum, acute

directed tail 8-10 mm long; lateral sepals yellow w, suffused with th brown ex except near the margins, densely

cellular- aca oan cellular pubescent within, ovate, oblique, the blades one mm long, eeaye 2 rg

wide, diverging, connate 2-3 mm around the mentum, the apices acute, contracted into tails 8-10 mm

long; petals white, cllipical-oblong, 5.5 mm long, 2.25-2.5 mm wide, the apex retuse or shallowly

bilobed, the labellar onan nt ates page callus, thickest near the middle; lip dark purple-

, oblong, 7.5 mm

the disc cellular glandulr, aneete salcath e between a longitudinal pair of low calli, more distinct

above the middle, the base subtruncate, bin c left, pap a cath; come white, with purple mar-

gins, scab 6 mm lon

PANAMA: Chiriqui: epiphytic in hora: near the

Fortuna dam site, alt. ca. 1000 m, cted March

1985 by R. Tokach, cultivated by “9 “Tokech in

Maduro by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, flowered in

cultivation 23 Mar. 2000, C. Luer 19360 (MO).

This species is uncommon and endem-

ic in western Panama. The first known

collection was made by Robert Tokach

and it was cultivated by Kenneth Tokach

in the state of Washington.

The species is characterized by narrow,

shiny leaves and a slender peduncle that

produces a second flower following the

first. The lateral sepals are only shallowly

connate across a mentum below the long,

curved column-foot. When erect, the

relatively large, dark purple lip is within

the flower, but when deflexed on its hinge,

it protrudes between the bases of the later-

al sepals. The petals are callous along the margin,

The lip is oblong with low, longitudinal calli.

being thickest near the middle.

768

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 387. Masdevallia tokachiorum

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 769

a tonduzii Woolward, Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. ie 6: 82, 1 1906.

Named in honor of Adolphe Tonduz of I’I

vgoreted this 5 species

epiphytic p ts slender. Ramicauls stout erect, 0.5-2 cm

lone, enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, thickly coriaceous, 4.5-9 cm long

including an ill-defined petiole 1-1.5 cm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, 1.4-2.2 cm wide, the apex

obtuse to rounded, cunea te below into the subpeti tiolate base. Inflorescence a single flower, often fol-

lowed by a second flower, borne by tal, slender peduncle 3-6.5 cm long, with a thin

bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 5-8 mm long; ad 5-13 mm

long; ovary 4-5 mm long; sepals white or yellow-white, suffused with yellow toward the base, glabrous

externally, ape witha, thee dorsal sepal sete me, - 17 mm long, 9-12 mm wide, connate to the

lateral sepals for 9-11 ar, the

obtuse apex — ed into an erect, yellow tail 22- 25 mm long, the lateral sepals 15-17 mm 17 mm long,

connate 14 mm into a transversely oblong lamina 15- wide, more or less broadly ventricose,

obtuse, transver seniat tails 19-25 mm long; petals white with

green mid in, ovate, 7-8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex aoe obs the labellar half with a longi-

tudinal carina above g tooth in the lower third; lip white, suf-

fused with on n or yellow, oblong- -obovate, 6.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex subacute, glandular-

cellular, the disc lightly ages sulcate, the base subcordate, also glandular-cellular, hinged

below; column light green, semiterete, 7 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with an tension.

COSTA RICA: without locality, collected in 1894,

cultivated at G, Serres de la Pierriere, 7 Dec. 1900, A.

Tonduz s.n. (Holotype: G). Cartago: near Pejivalle,

alt. 900 m, 7 Feb. 1926, P.-C. Standley & J. Valerio

46813 (AMES); Peralta, alt. 1,000 ft., Sept. 1923,

C.H. Lankester 539 (AMES). Without locality, culti-

vated in Cartago by C.H. Lankester s.n. (BM).

im6n: Reserva Biologia Hiloy Cerere, Valle La

Estrella, alt. 300 m, 24 Oct. 1978, C. Todzia s.n.

(S ; same area, alt. 200 m, 19 Feb. 1989, G.

Kesrvene & A. Chacon 2422 (ce ).

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: Buenavista betwee

collected 1977 ‘ R.L. Dressler,

Jan. 1978, C. Luer 2270 (SEL).

This not-uncommon species inhabits

the warm, moist, tropical forests of the

eastern lowland regions of Costa Rica and

adjacent Panama. The first plants of this

onduz,

species were discovered in Costa Rica in 1894 by =. iv oi

Geneva where they soon flowered. In 1900, a

Florence Woolward, the well-known, contemporary au

and sent to

arded to Miss

on the genus. She

: ly opportunity she

honored the discoverer of the species by weet. si pee herbar-

ever had for seeing and describing a heretofore t ks the plants were still

ium specimen from the same collection at Geneva indica

in cultivation in 1910. ively flowered raceme

. icCessi

Masdevallia tonduzii 1s distinguished by a ine tube is cOv-

The sepali

of handsome white flowers suffused with bright eS ger than the blades.

lon

ered by a mat of white hairs within. The oa ee aie oo

The petals possess a longitudinal, labellar callus

ted above the

obtuse process above the base. The lip is obovate, obtusely dila

middle with the triangular apex narrowly

770 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 388. Masdevallia tonduzii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 771

Masdevallia tubuliflora Ames, Orchidaceae 2: 265 et 3: 48, 1908.

Ety.: From the Latin tubuliflorus, “‘with tubular flowers,” referring to the sepaline tube.

= 8 Masdevallia ecaudata Schitr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34: 384, 1918.

.: From the Latin ecaudatus, “‘tailless,’’ referring to the

Plant small t ium in size, epiphytic i lender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.5

cm lon epee yrrt -3 tubular pis " Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5- 9.5 cm long including the petiole 1-

1.5 cm long, the blade Kae i subacute to obtuse, 1- 1.4cm wide, narrowly ¢ cuneate below into the

petiole. Inflorescence borne by le 4.5-6.5 cm long,

with a bract above the bas, from low on the ramicau |; floral bract tubular, 4-8 mm long; pedicel 8-12

mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals white, pes or microscopically pubescent within, the dorsal

sepal narrowly oblong, 1S. 17 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 7.5-8 mm to

form a lightly arcuate, urged tube, bs bp portion about equally long, greenish white, thickened,

forwardly directed, narrowly oblong, acute, the lateral sepais lightly sutlus dially, obo-

vate, oblique, 13-14 mm long, connate ary mm to form a lamina 6-9 mm wide, the base forming a short

mentum with the colu mn-foot, tf the free portions oblique od falcate, acute; dee white, oblong, 4 mm

long, 1 mm w wide, the ape the labellar half th a narrow, longitudin-

h idd irds; lip light

yellow-orange, more or less dotted with brown, pocsin oblong-ovate, acute, nd mm m long, 1.25 mm

wide, the disc with a pai air of low, lor , hinged be-

neath; column greenish-white, semiterete, 3.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with an incurved extension.

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Cubilqii

m, Jan. 1902, H. von Tiirckheim 512 risus

AMES); Chahaal, alt. 600 m, collected by Peter

Meng, cultivated in Guatemala, 18 Feb. 1981, C.

BELIZE: near Cockscomb Mts. alt. 500 m, June

1930, W.A. Schipp S102 (AMES).

NICARAGUA: Matagalpa: Tuma grade, alt. 1020

m, A.H. Heller 11171 (SEL

COSTA RICA: Heredia: ‘Puerto Viejo de Sierra

Piqui, alt. 100 m, collected by C. Todzia, cultivated

in San José, 24 Sept. 1979, C. Luer 4284 (SEL);

around San José, alt. 1135 m, Nov. 1890, Biolley

3127 (holotype of M. ecaudata destroyed at B).

Alajuela: Tapeseo de Tarcero, alt. 550 m, 1 Sept.

1938, A. Smith H1159 (K).

This little species occurs over a wide

area of lowland Central America. Appat-

ently it had been collected in Costa Rica

long before the first description of the

species from Guatemala by Ames.

Schlechter’s description and wi i.

M. ecaudata with tailless lateral se ;

apply to M. tubuliflora although the altitude and locality around se ae

M. striatella Rchb.f. Since Schlechter *s herbarium s ns were sta nea

bombing of Berlin, i will never be a way to clarify the question pos

isotype has been fou

Masdevallia rms belongs to papa ore see se rig

minute, pointed tooth terminating a narrow, 10 sagen ci te sp s

a thin petal between the middle and lower thirds. , m. = a

striatella are broad and thickened without a narrow, ongitudin

772 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 389. Masdevallia tubuliflora

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 773

SS | Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. ser. I: 174, 1887.

sont: H iT H.

Syn.: Masdevallia yauaperyensis Barb. Rodr., , Vellosia ed. 2, 1: 121, 1891.

Ety.: Named for Rio Yauapery in lected

eens in rongh of its collector, Herr E. Ule.

Syn.: M Mansf. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 397, 1928.

Syn.: Masdevallia ulei Schitr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin- Dahlem 6: 122, 1914.

Ety.:

(oJ

-N Ain t £ Dark

Plant small, epiph der. Ramicauls erect, slender, 0.5-1.5 cm long, en-

closed by 2-3 close, ke sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, obtuse,

cm long, 0.9-1.2 cm wi late b Inflorescence a soli

flower borne by a suberect, slender peduncle 4-7 cm _ with at he middle, from low on

the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6 mm long; pedicel 6-7 mm long; yews . mm long; sepals white or

pale green, lightly suffused with rose, seer EE within, the blade of the dorsal sepal oblong, 9-

11 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, the 3 ve ins often lined wi th purple, conmae to the hea l sepals for 6-8 mm

to form a cylindrical sepaline e tube, gular apex g jually narrowed

white tail 9-14 mm long, often he lateral sepal two purple veins

and suffused with purple between, gre 11-14 mm le 3. 5- 5 mm 1 wide, connate 6-7 mm , forming a

shallow mentum with the column-foot, to broad, white tails 6-11

mm long; pote white, oblong, : 5mm long, 15 mm wide, the apex acute, the labellar half with a —

al |

tudin hite, di

sely dotted with purple, oblong-ligulate, 4-51 mm rage 5mm wide, the disc with a pair of low, oblique

calli near the middle, the apex often orangi y subverrucose the base subcordate,

hinged below; — white with purple besa gest 4-4.5 mm long, the foot stout with an

incurved extensi

LOMBIA: without locality, imported by F,

Sander, cultivated at Herrenhausen by H. Wendland

s.n. (Holotype: W, Isotype: K). sauce: becaerct in

mie by Sra Segoe Leh uly

Puerto Narifio and San Fernando de Atabapo, alt. ca.

120 m, G.C.K. raging 692 (2NY); Rio —

Cajio Baria ei 130 m, 1 Apr. 1984, R. Liesn

17068 (M Y); Rio Negro, alt. 130 m, 29 May

1984, R. eee 17022 (MO). Bolivar : Quebrada

Los Brasileros southeast of preie alt. 480 m, .

Dec. 1978, J.A. Steyermark, V. Carrefio, G.C.K. &

ait neg 117686 (MO, VEN); Rio ;Cauna south a

M Hs 14042 O, i

OLIVIA: La Pe ag ade Tumupasa, road to Exiamas, alt. 1,000- 1,500 ft, 21 Dee. 19?!- pcaits

1112 sone il-

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Yauaperi, B. Rodrigues s.n- phere rt E oes

lustr.); epiphytic, Seringal San Francisco, Alto Acre-Geb: et, allt. oo ans ~ > 24 (hol ope of M M. rodrigue-

type of M. ule: ee at B); Symphatia-Jurua, Jan 1926, iibner 2 cultivated by Campacci

ziana: destroyed at B). Bahia: Rio do Meio, 300 m, collected Sby E. Silva,

s.n. (M . Sucum-

Bro anieee Napo: Rio Guepi, alt. 200 m, 7 May 1980, J: Brandbyge & E. Asanza s.n. (AAU)

bios: Rio Largartococha. alt. 170 m, Mar. 1990, A. Hirtz 471 oa soot ssicecal by

PERU: Madre de Dios: Puerto Maldonado, Rio Madre de 82, C. Luer 8126 mo, eng Herb. H.

a cultivated by W. Koniger in ounces png 2 Sept. 19 77 May "1989, BN O. Phillips & N.

Kiniger); Puerto Maldonado, Rio Madre os, alt. 200 m, 27 rf Dae fe S).

Jaramillo 10486 (MO). San Martin: eoiter! row 25 Mar. 1925, oe ee

Amaz in 0

This species is widely eet : Te fombia, Ecuador and

and at moderately low altitudes in adjacent Venezuela, ~ my described from 2

Peru. The origin of the original collection is unknown. sie M. minuta, but M.

specimen cultivated by Wendland. It is allied to ye eed and suffused in

wendlandiana has larger flowers that are usually broadly

purple, and with broader tails. The petals and lip are very similar.

774 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 390. Masdevallia wendlandiana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 775

CUMULATIVE INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

for PARTS ONE, TWO, and THREE

Dracula 2,589

Humboldtia plantaginea 483

Lepanthes 1

Lothiania covet me

Luerella pelecan

ao i, 2, 6. 7, i. 357, 365, 401, 431, 483,

741

subgen. Amanda 3,7, 9, 10, 431

subgen. Cucullatia 1, ° 9, 10

subgen. Fissia 1, 3,7,9

subgen. Seige 3, 10, 12, 147, 235, 265,

266, er

subgen. ree 3, 7,8; nt

subgen. Nidificia 1, 7,9, 1

a Polyantha 1,7, 10, en 127, 235, 245, 369,

, 719

an en. Pygmaeia 1, 3,7, se 431, 433, 473

i i Of ee

t.Dentatae 1,7, 9, 10, 2 66 , 401

pi Durae 1, ‘ 7, 9, 10, Pin "266, 369, "379, 395,

399, 401

sect. Eumasdevallia 265, 520

ibu 71

ossae 267

sect. Masdevallia 6, 7, 8, 10, 265, 266, 519, 631

sect. Minutae 7, 8, 9, 10, 265, 266, 401, 631, 719,

sect. Polyanthae 7,9, 10, 11, 12, 73, 223, 224, 227a,

7,2

sect. go 7, 8, 10, 431, 432, 434

sect. Racemosae 3,7, 8, 10, 265, 266

sect. Reichenbachianae 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 265, 266, 401,

409

sect. Tews ey 4 10, 265, 266, 759

sect. Urc

sect. eatin 432, 434, 435,

subsect. Alaticaules 7, 12, 43, 17; 127, 223

ect. Amaluzae 7, 10

subsect. Breviscapae 13

subsect. Caudatae 7, 147, 519, 520, 665, 709

ub.

subsect. rete 13, 223

subsect. Masdevallia 7, 8, 519, 520, 523, 583, 595,

619, 665, 709

subsect. Oscillantes 7, 147,519

subsect. Polyanthae 7, 12, 223, 224

subsect. Pterygiophorae 1,7, 10, 432

subsect. Reichenbachianae

subsect. Saltatrices 1, 7, 409, 419, 449, 519, 520,

subsect. Successiviflorae 1,7, 12, 223

subsect. Tubulosae

subsect. Zahlbrucknerae 1, 7, 10, 43

Masde acrochordonia

14, 195, a 391.

364.

: 20, 601

i 14, 18, 27, Plate 4., 105a

albida 14, 101

olia 605

amaluzae 7, 431, 433, 435, 437, Plate 216., 447,

469, 479, 4'

amanda

amplexa 14, je 29, Plate 5.

pullacea

anachaeta foes 433, 436, 439, Plates 217., 218.,

anfracta 14, 20, 31, Plate 6.

ge pe 107, 267, 269, 273, Plate 133., 283,

ered

aphanes 7, i, "as: 435, ee a 219., 493

arangoi 719,721, 725,

101

parte 2520 25, 529, Plates 262., 263.

atahualpa 267, ky i. Fis 134., 135.

jolacea 267, 333

pare 579, 585, 7 719, 722, 727, Plates 366.,

attenuata 579, 5

367., tons 737, 751, 763, 7

audax 433, 434, 445, Plate 220.

aurantiaca 14,

aureo-rosea - ae

auropurpurea

aurorae 433, pes os tel e 221.

<aTeey 379, 380, 381, Plate | 191., 391, 395

naapil

eo mr 271, 277, Plate 136., 283

bennettii 14, 33,

“es "436, 449

lates 8., 9

lor 14, 15, 16, 20, ss opty — Ng

aa 37, 41, 59, 61, 79, me 115, 181, 183,

Joe 245, .

me 14, 35

716

Masdevallia bilabiata 267, 353

blanda 5

bogotensis 267, 299

267, 268, 270, 279, Plates 137, 138.

281, 295, oo 355

4,239

err 267, 27 one Fp mabe

brenneri 14, 18, 19, 43, Plate 13.

bruckmuelleri 267, 299

bryophila 14, 16, 22, 45 45, Plate 14.

i 14, 18, 22, 47, Plate 15., 169,219

buchtienii 520, 663

burfordiensis 267,273

burianii 520, 531, Plate 264.

sien 719, 739, pus

cacodes 267, 270, 285, P;

caesia ai 267, 268, eg a Plate 141.

ee 14, a 49, Plate 16.,91

ae 401, i, a3, Plate 201., 415, 421

campy 3, 267, 268 269, 289, Plates 142,,

143,, 144., 145, 291,

14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 51, 53, Plates 18.,

“19, 20., — 199

caudata 7, 561,

carolloi 14, 181

Casta

cada ‘ 7, 365

ennensis 14, 63,65

chaparenss 520, 521, 528, 535, Plate 266., 637, 707

e 202.

20, 601

— 719, 721, 731, Plates 369., 370., 733,

chrysochaete 520, 675

es ses

plea 14, 22, 57, Plate 21., 125, 159

Citrinella

civilis 267, 295, Plate 146., 295, 325, 351

civilis ‘Don’ 313

clandestina 520, 523, 528, S37, $end 267.

cleistogama 520, 523, 539, PI

cocapatae 14, 20,59, Plate 22

coccinea 7

colibri 14, 195

collantesii 433, 435, 455, Plate 225., 461

collina 7, 369, 370, 371, Plate 187. A 9

var. Macrogenia 369,

colossus a i 271, 277, 283, 297, Plates 147,

148., 307, 3

concinna a Plates 23., 24.

condorensis 520, 525, $41, Plate 269.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Masdevallia “pes 520, 601

constri

stricta

corderoana "eh, 527, 543, Plate 270., 553, 679, 717

coriacea 7, 267, aa 270, 281, 295, 299, Plates 149.

150., 301, 603, 7

subsp. sae; si 279

cosmia 224, 225, oa Plate 114., 247

costaricensis 401, 415

cranion 521,524, 545, Plate 271.,551, 577, 629

crescenticola 719, 721, 735, Plate 371.

—e 520, 521, 524, 525, 547, Plate 272.

cullata

piso * 15, 17, 18, 27, 63, Plates 25., 26., 27., 28.,

131, 143, 191, 213

subsp. hepatica 14, 63

—_— 224, 225, 229, Plate 115., 331, 425

224, 225, 231, Plates 116., 117., 233

699

datura 521, 524, 549, Plate 273., 615

deceptrix 14, 19, 69, Plates ae 30., 187

demissa 401, 402 , Plate 203.

var. superflua 224, 255

deniseana 521, 524, 551, Plate 274.

287

deorsum 267

dermatantha i 9, 35

descendens eo o a Plate 31., 111

diantha 719, 7

discoidea Cover 1, 224, 225, 233, Plate 118.

dispar 14,

rieig 14, 19, 73, Plate 32.

dorisiae 14, 19, 75, Plate 33.

is” 45

dreisei 521, 525, 553,

dudleyi 521, 528, 555, Plate 276.

pnnigeyen 14, 22, 79, Plate 35.

Lng. 380, 383, Plate 192., 395

ia J i

elachys Pir 525, 557, 277.

— 521, 527, 559, Plates 278., 279.

ticeps 4, 267, 271, 303, Plate 151., 311, 313,

a, 343, 367, 627

ee i 333, 343

ge 267, 347,

empusa 14, pon a 22, 83, Plate 37., 141

enallax 401, 402, 409, Plate 204., 419

encephala 89a, 521, 525, 561, Plate 280.

endotrachys 267, 2

ensata 521, 522, 527, 563, Plate 281., 603, 705

ne 401, 409

— 14, 0 ee

r. acrochordoni:

erinacea 431, 433, py er Plates 226., 227., 459,

465

em 225, 235, Plate 119.

eumeliae 6'

excelsior 142 21, 85, Plate 38.

exigua 433,

expers 433, id 455, 461, Plate 228.

exquisita 521, 525, 565, Plate 282.

faleago 521, 522, 524, 567, Plate 283.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 7m

Masdevallia fertilis 267,289

figueroae 521, rie “te Plates 284., 285., 286.

flaveola 719, 721, 737, Plate 372.

floribunda 645, 719, 720, 722, 739, Plates 373.,

fosterae 14, :

fractiflexa 268, 270, mL 283, 297, 307,

Plates 153, 154., 337

fragrans 268, 271, 309, Plate 155., 325

frilehmannii '89a, Plate 392

frontinoénsis 719, 749

fulvescens 401, 402, 411, Plates 205., 206.

1, 42

40, 741

garciae 12, 15, 20, 89, P Plate 40., 224, 225

— 268, 271, 311, Plates 156, 157.,

313

geminiflora 719, le — 745, Plate 377.

“geminiflora” 733,

glossacles 433,

goliath 379, a, 7 Plate 193.,

diflora 521, 6

guayanensis ei = ae 579, Pikes 290., 727

guerrieroi 15, 18, 49, 91, FP

gutierrezii 719, ey 747, doi oe

ee ttulata 15, 17, 20, 93, Plates 42., 43.,

haematosic 268, 325, 347, 349

hartmanii 521, 527, 581, Plate 291.

hajekii ‘S21, 535

heideri 521, 526, 583, Plate 292.

helenae 521,527, — en 293.

helgae 15, 17, 97, P

henniae 433, 436, om ro 229., 473

hepatica 15, 63

hercules 327

rradurae 719, 720, 721, 749, Plate 379.

94.

hieroglyphica 521, 526, 589, Plate 295.

hoeijeri Frontispiece Part-2, 433, 436,

465, Plate 2

509

lodes 268, 270, 315, Plate 158.

hymenantha 521, 526, 591, Plate 296., 689

hystrix 268, 270, 317, Plate 159.

“hystrix” 459

idae Appendix 1.

allia impostor 15, 19, 73, 99, Plate 45., 187

231.

433, 436,

infracta 3, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 81, 101,

Plates 46., 47., 133, 139, 163, 189, 224, 225, 231,

ingridiana 105a, Plat

ionocharis 520, 521, = - Plate 297.

var. approviata 521

ishikoi 521, 528, 595, "Plate 298.

isos 15, 21, 22, 105, Plates 48, 49.

Frontispiece

won os 597, 601, Plates 301., 302., 303.,

305., 603, 605, 697

lamprotyria 521, 526, 609, Plate 306.

lankesteriana 401, 402, 413, Plate 207.

487

lata 7, 165, 223, 224, 4. 225, 239, Plate 121., 241

laucheana 720, 722, 727, 737, 751, Plate 380.

lawrencei 15,93

lenae 15, 21, 109, eeroegeraee _

leonardoi age “ 611, P

, 268, 269, rt aa 160., 325

Ay 1, 603

cantha 520, 521, 523, 613, Plate 308.

lewis 521, 526, 615, Plate 309.

ligiae

lilacina 521, 526, 617, Plate ens 661

lilianae 268, 270, 321, Plate 16

limax 577

lindeniana 720, 739, 740, 741

lineolata 521,527, 619, Plate 311.

lintricula 15, 17, 71, a Plates 53., 54.

i ame mage 1, 753, Plate 381., 755

longicaudata

lucernula 32, my a Plate 312.

I 113a, Plate 393. oe

macrogenia e 370, 373, 375, Plate

— 268, 269, 270, 323, Plates 162., 163.,

macroglossa”” 353

Pvt 655

. §21, 527, 623, Plate 313., 633

268, 271, 327, Plate |

15, 19, 69, 99, 113, Plate 55., 187, 189

yar. flava 15, 113

popayanensis

oasis §21, 601, 605

724, 225, 2A1, Plate 122.

mallii 115a, Plate 259.

maloi 268, 271, 329, Plate 165.

1, 579

aenene mo 434,

manoloi sa, ‘nn. 625, Plate 31

marginella 40

469, Plate 232., 475

409, 415. pet 208., 421

778 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

martineae 15,20, 115, Plate 56. Masdevallia a 379, 380, 387, 389, Plate 195.

martiniana Plate 22, 601

enecacets mT Soil ea ra Sabha ny "435, 447, 469, 479, Plate 238.

mastodon 521, 527, 623, 627, Plate 315. pardina 267, 268, 271, 345, Plate 174.

mataxa 433, 434, 471, Plate 233. parvula 633, 667

, 675 pastensis 522, ee

mayaycu 109, 224, 225, 243, Plate 123. pastinata 15, 20, 141, Plate 69.

: 521, 524, 551, 629, Plate 316. — ng rong Plate —

medusa 15, 22, 121, Plate 59., 261 patriciana

tet 201 patula Ai -. 451, 471, jm Plate 239.

mejiana 401, 2. 417, Plate 209. pelecan

melanoxantha 13, 14, 15, 18, 77, 123, Plate 60., 349

177

p. haematosticta 268, 347

meleagris 7, 603 peruviana 15, 35,1

melina 268, 321 pescadoénsis 720, 721, 763, Plate 385.

menatoi 224, 225, 227, 245, Plates 124, 125, 247, Petiolaris 522, 601, 605

249 phacopsis 522, 528, 649, Plate 327.

mentosa 433, 436, 473, Plates 234, 235. phoenix 15, 18, 145, Plate 71.

merinoi a 434, 475, Plate 236. Picea 268, 271, 295, 351, Plate 177.

metallica tl sag 525, 533, 541, 651, Plate 328.

mezae 15, 22, 125, Plate 61.

“mi ica” 487 es isis” 659

midas 521,524, 633, Plate 318. Pinocchio Frontispiece Part-1, 15, 17, 147, Plate 72.

militaris plantaginea 433, 435, 483, Plate 240.

pase 7, 631, 687, 719, 720, 721, 723, 735, 747, 757, — 267, 268, 269, 353, Plate 178.

Plates 382., 383., 759,773 polita 401,402, 419, Plate 210

misasii 268, 269, 331, Plates 166, 167. polyantha 11, 223, 224, 253

monogona 15, 20, 127, Plate 62. popowiana 522, 528, oo Plate 329.

mooreana 267, 268, 269, 333, Plates 168., 169., 335, Porcelliceps 268, 323,

343 var. sulphurea 268, 8

morenoi 433, 495 portillae 15, 17, 149, P 73.

moyobambae 15, 213 posadae 15, 16, 22, age ie ons 74, 75.

murex 268, 269, 337, Plate 170. princeps 379, 380, 391, Plate 196., 393

muriculata 433, 487 prolixa 15Sa, Plate 260.

myriostigma 720, 739 prosartema 15, 21, 155, Plat

Maranjapatae 433, 435, 477, — 237,, 507 pterygi iophora dL 432, 433, po “a Plate 241., 489

navicularis 15, 16, 17, 129, Plate 63. “pusillissima

nebulina 521, 524, sak Pas. 319. 707 pumila 521, 522, 523, sis — 655, Plate on 661

newmaniana 379, 380, 387, Plate 194. Pygmaea 7, 431, 433, Plate 2

nicaraguae 720,721,761, Plate 384. Pyknosepala 433, 435, 1 teh 243.

nidifica 7 pyxis -224, 225, 251, Plate I

nitens 521, 527, 637, Plate 320. quasimodo 522, 526, 657, Plate 331.

norae 15, 18,93, 131, Plate 64 » 315, 603

401, 421 rana-aurea 522, 643

norops Bich 9 move 15, 125

nutans 433, 439 oe 7,401, 402, 415, 421, Plates 211.,

— 15,21, 133, Plate 65. 212.,4

Ochracea 268, var. ioe 402, 421, 423

odontocera 522, 527, 641, Plate 322 var. funebris 402, 4

odontochila a 229, 425 receptrix 16,21, 157, Plate 77.

5, 22, 135, Plate 66. rechingeriana 16, 69, 169, 171

omorenoi 15, in 137, Plate 67. recurvata 16,21, 159, Plate 78.

Oreas 224, 225, 249, Plate 126. reflexa Schltr. 224, 229

Ortgiesiana 268, 289, 291 reflexa Misas 268, 332

oscarii 268, 270, 339, Plate 17]. regina 379, 380, 391, =. rae 197.

oe a , Plate 68. Ttevoluta 16, 18, eared 224, 225

viperac “i 526, 643, Plates 323., richardsoniana 12, 16, a. oa. Plate 80.,

Pachyantha 268, 271, 341, Plate 172 ae scieert 16, 201

var. hoppii 583

pachysepala 268, 271, 343, Plate 173. a 268, 270, 295, 355, Plates 179., 180.

paivatana 2, 520, 522, 523, 525, 645, Plate 325 timarima-alba 522, 527, csi Ping 332., 699

panamensis robusta 379, 380, 395, P. d

F rilabia 251 rodrigueziana 720 a

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Masdevallia rolfeana 229, 402, 409, 415, 421, 425,

Plate 213

rosea 603

roseola 522, 526, 617, 661, Plate 333.

rufolutea 268, 295, 351

saltatrix

sanchezii 433, 434, 469, 491, Plate 2:

499

sanctae-fidei 14, 16, 21, 79, 119, 137, te Plates 81.,

9 BaD

sanctae-rosae 268, 269, 357, Plate 181.

sanguinea 16, 17, 19, 97, 167, Plate 83.

sarcophylla 268, 289

scabrilinguis 720, 722, 727, — pos 386.

scalpellifera 433, 436, 493, Plat

scandens 2, 520, 522, 523, 635, “ea Plate 334,

scapha

sceptrum 5, 7, 13, 16, 22, 69, 121, 169, Plates 84.,

85., 171, 219, 253

schildhaueri 522, 563

sina 433, oo 495, Plates 246., 247., 497

hizostigma e 2

schlimii 7, 11 169, i. 223, 224, 253, Plate 128.,

627

var. polyantha 224, 253

var. sceptrum

schoonenii 522, 528, 665, Plate 335.

schroederiana 402, 411, 427, Plate 214.

scopaea 433,

selenites 522, A 667, Plate 336.

semiteres 268, 270, 359, Plate 182.

senghasii 409

iecsuligie 16, 21, 179, Plate

mae 14, 16,21, 22, 181, Plates 90., 91.

setipes 433, re 503, Plate 250.

eo 16, 1

526, 669, Plate 337.

ciel 522, 4 671, Plate 338., 683

cula 268, 333

spilantha 268, 270, 361, Plate 183.

sprucei 12, 16, - 163, 183, Plate 92., 224, 225

stenantha 522,

stenorhynchos - "2, 185, Plate 93.

sterc 2

stirpis 16, 19, oe te 94.

Striatella 12, e ety Ds, 255, Plates 129., 130.,

Ka Eagar

ae a 22, 523, 673, Plate 339.

— 520, 521, 522, 523, 673, 675, Plates 340.,

. OF7

scene 16, 35, 37

suinii 522, 527, 679, Plate 342.

sulfurea 268, 279

nsis 268, 269, 363, Plate 184.

OY as

syringodes 5

uipes 720,749

terborchii 522, 524, 681, Plates 343a., 343.

theletira 16, 17, 191, Plate 96

7719

Masdevallia thienii 224, 225, 241, 259, Plate 131.

, 721, 767,

tonduzii 720, 722,

torta 6, 268, 269, 365, "Plate 185.

torulosa 1 3

tovarensis 14, 16, 22, 189, 193, Plate 97.

trautmanniana 522, 526, 685, Plate 345.

trechsliniana 16, 45

triangularis 317, 709

tridentata 16, 101

trigonopetala 522, 523, 687, Plate 346.

trifurcata 433,435, 505, Plate 25

“trifurcata” 443

trivenia 4. 433, 4

trochilus 14, 16, he 141, 151, 155, 195,

subsp. sytingodes 691

tuerckheimii 720, 739, 740, 741

ulei 720,77

ee §20, 521, 522, 525, 528, 697, Plate 352.

cr B.K.

ean av. er — _ a 519, 520,

"522, 2 525, 659, 699, P

ri si 522, ae ‘mA. Plate 354.

rane

ustulata 2, a, 03, Plates 355., 356., 705

380

rer

e 357.

velifera en on 272, Sth etl 331, 367,

Plate

venus 207a, Plat

verecunda 415, a "52, om nappa

507, Plate

ane angen e

weberbaueri 15, 16, M7 a 191, 213,

Plates 108., 109., 110.

ana 720,72

a 1, 773, Plate 390.

ei ms 261, po 132.

“white un 65

whiteana Te 6. 18, 217, Plate 111.

thura 5, 37

, 173

peal §27, 531, 557, 635, 671, 707, 711,

522,7

119, 432, i. 25, wd 507,

Ibruckneri

ug SS eas Bo 254., 255., 256. 5

780 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Porroglossum 2

asdevallia zapatae 37 180. Tog

. ee — Rodrigoa bilabiata 353

zumbae 16, | ye 2 113. osepalum

Ophidion bs * 20, a — oe einaceum 457, 755

Peristeria elata 347 Panamense

Platystele rauhii 359 Specklinia a

Pleurothallis L 6, 129, 357, 431, 483, 755 Specklinia — 431,483

subgen. Specklinia 6 “spathulata

Pearls aphthor 367 Stelis 1

anise 357 Zootrophion 129

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 23a

Masdevalli h Rchb.f., Xenia Orchidaceae 2: 213, "lb

Ety.: From the Greek ae ‘a wart,” referring to the warty interior

Syn.: Masdevallia ephippium var. acrochordonia (Rchb.f.) Woolward, Genus sean ise t. 43,

1892.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-3 cm long, enclosed by

-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 10- 113 cm long including the petiole ca. 2 cm cm long, the

blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 2-2.2 cm wide, narrow rr uneate below into the . Inflores-

cence a subcongested, successively flo flo wered raceme, borne le 20-25 cm long, with a bract at

the base, from low thin, tubular, Ls. 8 cm long; pedicel 2 cm long; ovary

. mm long; dorsal sepal yellow, obovate, 15 mm apr ov soo — 3-veined, connate to the lat lateral

epals for 5 mm to

scares erect tail ca. 5 cm lon g3 1 d Sora connate 33 mm to form a

shallowly concave, not abruptly inflated, lia ssa 35 mm ns 26 mm wide i ia vies

_ veins prominent within, btuse, appro:

g; petals white, i i q mm 1 long, 21 mm wide, Hi ; Apex acute, the ibelier half re pare

pig a ened, with a ly dotted with purple,

oblong-pandurate, 7 mm os ng, 2.5 mm wide, the middle, the epichile

ovate, obtuse, shortly acuminate, with a wet verrucose callus beneath, the hypochile narrowly

oblong, the base subcordate, hinged on the end: column white with purple margins, semiterete, 6mm

long, the foot stout, 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Loja: “Loja,” collected by Dr. Krause,

= 20 April 1874, by Mr. Backhouse s.n.

(holotype: W); “Loja,” cultivated by Sander 1883,

naticcaa J bes Hiibsch s.n. (W). Zamora-

pment ween Loja and Zant alt. 2200 m,

2000, J. Pontifle 1115 (MO), C. Luer 19367.

w* the same time as M. ephippium (M.

trochilus) this species was described by

Reichenbach in 1874. It was treated by

Woolward as a variation of M. ephippium

in her monograph The Genus Masdevallia

in 1896. ‘Iti is indeed similar, and it grows

latter for smaller flowers with narrower,

less involute sepals.

Masdevallia acrochordonia is distin-

guished by a large habit, but not as large

and robust as the average M. trochilus, and

flowers smaller than the average of sae

of M. trochilus. It differs from M. trocht-

lus by shorter peduncles, a shorter sepaline tube, and a ee vanes

synsepal, the bottom of which is not abruptly inflated. The curved si shonend

less erect with the interior exposed. The petals are acute at the apex an y

pochile of the pandurate lip is significantly broader.

2a ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 39]. Masdevallia acrochordonia

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 89a

Masédevallia frilehmannii Luer & Vasquez, Rev. —* - enti 3: 39, 2001.

Ety.: Named for Friedrich Lehmann, we supported orchid

Pl size, epiphytic ts flesh ceasin stout, erect, 1.5-2 cm long,

enclosed ie 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erec t, thickly coriaceous, a N-12 4 cm _ including

petio tiole ca. 2cm long, the | blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1. 5¢ into the base.

ly up to 2 cm long, by a straight,

erect, triquetrous codeatie: 16 cm long, with heath at the base, from the b

flo oral bracts imbricating, 15 mm long; pedicels 15- * mm long; ovary 5-6 mm spade yellow-green

e-purple within, 8 on the dorsal sepal

one. concave, 20: mm rp i: mm 1 wide, 3-veined, connate to to the lateral sepals “ee cig mm into an

recurved, |

5-6 cm long.

the oie sepals deeply connate int bovate lamina vv mm long, 22 mm wide expat 6-veined,

*oh, th ig pi + f ly Z lender. light yellow

up-curved tails 4-5 cm long; petals cartil ginous, elliptical, apicul he ob , with | halves

longitudinally callous, 6.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1-veined; lip oblong, with marginal folds slightly above

middle, 8 mm long, 2 5 mm wide, the epichile ove, pie apiculate, with minutely irregular

ee shallow! y oblong, the base truncate,

col 1 iteret 5 mm long Te hoes honk ean aaa aces delta

Sion, “the anther and stigma ventral.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Prov. Iturralde, Parqué Nacional

Madidi, road betwee — and San José, near

crest of Serrania Mamuque, alt. 750 m, 9 Aug. 2000,

T. Krémer 1409 cane ‘LEB: Isotypes: MO,

VASQ), C. Luer illustr. 19432.

nwmn t

This species is apparently endemic in

northern Bolivia at a low altitude. Vegeta-

tively, the narrow leaf is not remarkable,

nor is the strict, triquetrous peduncle that

is a little longer than the | The flower,

however, is unique. The sepals are deeply

connate into an inflated, ovoid tube with a

constricted aperture, more similar to that

of M. encephala of subgenus Masdevallia

than to the few species of subgenus Poly-

antha with an inflated sepaline tu

At the orifice of the tube, the sepals are

abruptly contracted into slender tails. The

tail of the dorsal sepal recurves, then more

or less curves forward. The tails of the

lateral sepals begin in apposition, then

gracefully curve upward as they separate.

Within the tube the apiculate petals, lip

and column are not remarkable.

90a ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 392. Masdevallia frilehmannii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 113a

Masdevallia luziae-mariae ee Rev. Soc. aon — ie 41, 2001.

Ety. pment bes Boerner, w ae

41. tc #1 =

ae stout, erect, 2-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by an inflated, tubular sheath, and another 1-2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, thickly

coriaceous, g E long, tt blade narrowly obovate,

subacute, 2- 2. : cm wide, fl li

ly in a congested raceme up to 1 or more cm = bee. z, by a mar erect, triquetrous peduncle 7 7-8 cm long,

with a tubular sheath at the base, from the bas g, 15-17 mm

long; pedicels 15-20 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals carinate, yellow-brown, the synsepal intensely

dotted w minutely subverrucose ex’ , sparsely minutely pubescent within, dorsal

sepal elliptical, ie: So — long, 10 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 6 mm into a

the apex acute a slender, erect, light yellow tail 5-6 cm lon,

the lateral <a connate 22 mm into a suborbicular lamina, 27 apt m long. 30 mm wide expanded, 6-

veined, wi = es broadly obtuse, ab contracte ils 2-2.5 cm long;

pe val ab on narrowly oblong, chacicels bilobed at the apex, with the lower half with a low,

Saini’ callus, ending in a rounded callus at the base, 8.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip

eile renee urate, with marginal folds above the middle, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the —

ate, subverrucose, obtuse, with ‘h e, with minutely i irre margins,

ee channeled between a pair of f parallel calli, the hypochile oblong, the base truncate, hinged to the

column-foot; column semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with an incurved extension, the anther

and stigma ventral.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Prov. Nor Yungas, Parqué

Nacional ee alt. 1550 m, 4 Apr. 2000, T.

Kroémer & A. Acebey 985 (Holotype: LPB; Isotypes:

MO, VASQ), C. Luer illustr. 19437.

This species is apparently endemic in

the Nor Yungas of the department of La

Paz of Bolivia at a relatively low altitude.

It is characterized by the large, narrowly

obovate leaf that is about twice as long as

the triquetrous peduncle. The flower is

large with a broadly expanded synsepal

beyond the short, cylindrical sepaline tube.

The tail of the dorsal sepal is elongate and

erect, while the tails of the lateral sepals

are shorter and descending. Narrow,

elongated petals protrude a short distance

from the orifice of the tube. The plicate

lip is narrowed above the middle with the

apex decurved and apiculate.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

114a

Plate 393, Masdevallia luziae-mariae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 209!

Masdevallia virgo-cuencae Luer & Andreetta, Phytologia 39: 232, 1978.

Ety.: From the Latin virgo, ‘‘a maiden,”’ and Cuencae, ‘‘of Cuenca,” a translation of the local

“chola cuencana,” the maiden of Cuenca.

Di. “a t. 1

i t Ramicauls erect, stout, 1-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular gag coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 8-12 cm

thickly

long, 2-3 cm wide, into a poh “indistinctly petiolate base. Inflorescence a congest-

ed, successively sever e by a stout, erect, tri peduncle

vel born t, triquetrous

14-21 cm long, 6 mm wide ai pags su btended by a tubular bract, from the base of a ramicaul; floral

bracts thin, tubular, imbricating 8-17 mm long; pedicel 17-28 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; dorsal sepal

yellow, minutely speckled wi within, obovate, concave, 30 mm long, | 10-11 mm wide, connate to

the lateral sepals for 15 to fi broad, arcuate, sepaline tube deflexed

th ti d d int lend cerecwed orange oo tall ca. 35 mm long; |

: r

darker purpl tripes al Hul ~papill se win comat 30mm os efx ip.

tical, bifid 1 i fiona lon ng, 25 mm w

tails ca. 15 mm long; petals white, thes 15a te the obtuse apex obscurely tootbed

the lower half ith alow, longitudinal callus; lip white, diffusely flecked with purple, yasesnigie

mm long, 2 mm wide, g ovate, acute, den-

ticulate, papillose, the h hile obl thickened hinged below; column white,

edged in purple, semiterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm te with an aga extension.

ECUADOR: IN ERROR: Azuay: reportedly found

s a valley above Machangara northwest of Cuenca,

t. 2700 m, Feb. 1977, by A. Andreetta, cultivated in

ei 12 July 1977, C. Luer 1688 (Holotype:

SEL); same collection, cultivated at Paute, 24 May

1988, C. Luer 13636 (MO). Morona-Santiago:

orth of Macas, near Sinai, alt. ca. m, collected

by J. Portilla and A. Andreetta, F Feb. 1992, peers

at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 7 Mar. 2001, C. Luer

19799 (MO).

Long known only from descendents of

one plant of questionable origin, the true

locality of this showy species has finally

been discovered on the eastern slope of

Ecuador at a relatively low altitude by José

Portilla and Father Andreetta. It had

become widely cultivated following

successful propagation by seed.

The large flower is borne successively

callous without a protuberance. The lip is oblong with obtu

and with the epichile spiculate.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

210!

Fa;

fa fi

Na Rem, Ss

1a Virgo-cuencae

Plate 106. Masdevall

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA A-1

Masdevallia idae Luer & Arias, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named in honor of S Ida Fernandez. fi id f the Cluh Pe A Pn OM

Species haec M. amabilis Rchb.f. & Warsz, affinis d folio longipetiolato, fl

lorum callis hl, sali 1, : rT Aa

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespi ts slend sical Geld sheiek 4 ta

long, puneyone by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, hs abs including the petiole

ca. 4cm g, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1.5-1.8 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into

om “Taflo ith a bract

the base, from low h icaul; floral bract thi tubular, 5 cm long; pedicel 3-4 cm long; ovary 4-7

mm | bescent with ‘ dorsal obovate, shallowly concave,

en 201 mm long, | 12 mm wide, 3-veined, connate ahs md heysrsge ssp. for 7- 10 mm to form a sepaline

"en mm into a broad, | bifid synsepal, ca. 30 ea ey 25 mm oe wae mentum below the column-

foot, t tails 6-8 mm long; petals white, oblong, slightly curved, 6 mm

long, 1.5 mm \ wide, the apex rounded, | the abela ng with a longitudinal carina ending in a thick,

blunt, recurv: f lip = ong, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, pre teenrer

ed, recurved, an the disc featureless, th 5

semiterete, 5.5 mm long, Bi uneven at the apex, eps thick, 2 mm long with the extension.

PERU: Ayacucho: Huanta, Pachamanca, epiphytic,

alt. 2200 m, collected by Silvano Flores, cultivated in

Lima, Sept. 1999, by M. Arias s.n. (MO), C. Luer

illustr. 19362.

Instead of lithophytic or terrestrial as

with most other Peruvian members of the

subsection Coccineae, this species is

epiphytic. Although this subsection has

not yet been treated, this species is includ-

ed here because it is in the trade.

Vegetatively, the plant is distinguished

by long-petiolate leaves that are surp;

by the slender peduncle. Similar to M.

amabilis, the lateral sepals are connate into

a blade beyond the narrow, sepaline tube.

The orange color of the flower is similar to

that of many of the color variations of M.

amabilis. The apices of the lateral sepals

are acute and tapered into short tails. The

marginal callus of the petals terminates

with a thick, retrorse, uncinate process.

The oblong lip is smaller than the petals

and column.