SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA i

FOREWORD

Part-5, with the remaining about 100 species of Masdevallia, completes the

genus as of today. Additional new species will continue to be published in the same

format as in Parts 1 through 4, Icones 19, 21, 22, and 23 respectively. Each species

will be alotted an individual page or pages, which will be numbered in sequence for

insertion into the proper location of the appropriate part

A few pages from previous parts are reprinted where information has signifi-

cantly changed, or to correct errors. Altered pages can be discarded, and reprinted

pages can be inserted. This maneuver is accomplished simply in loose leaf editions,

but care should be taken in removing pages in glue-bound editions. Revisions and

addenda follow the final page of the cumulative index, page 1293.

Revisions:

Part-1, page 7 should be replaced with 7'. Page 8 on the reverse becomes 8'.

Part-1, Masdevallia trochilus Linden & André, page 195’, to replace 195, and

page 197! to replace page 197.

Part-4, Masdevallia saltatrix Rchb.f., page 1031', to replace page 1031; and

Masdevallia ventricularia Rchb.f., page 1039', to replace page 1039.

(Due to an oversight, the illustrations for Masdevallia saltatrix and Masdevallia ventricularia

were transposed.)

New species in the text of Part-5:

Masdevallia milagroi Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Masdevallia segrex Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Additional species for Part-1:

vallia ametroglossa Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov., page 29a, to precede page 29.

Masdevallia loui Luer & Dalstriém, sp. nov., page 113a, to precede page 113.

Masdevallia plynophora Luer, sp. nov., page 149a, to precede page 149.

vallia rechingeriana Kraenzl., page 159a, to precede page 159.

Masdevallia rolandorum Luer & Sijm, sp. nov., page 165a, to precede page 165.

Masdevallia anomala Luer & Sijm, sp. nov., page 227a, to precede page 227.

Additional species for Part-2:

Masdevallia eburnea Luer & Maduro, sp. nov., page 409a, to precede page 410.

Masdevallia gloriae Luer & Maduro, sp. nov., page 413a, to precede page 413.

Additional species for Part-3:

Masdevallia strumosa P.Ortiz & E.Calderén, page 679a, to precede page 679.

Additional species for Part-4:

Masdevallia acaroi Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov., page 789a, to precede page 789.

Masdevallia stigii Luer & Jost, sp. nov., page 895a, to precede page 895.

Abbreviations of the names of authors are in accordance with the recommenda-

tions in Authors of Plant Names, R.K. Brummit and C.E. Powell, Royal Botanic

Gardens, Kew, 1992.

Acronyms of the names of herbaria are in accordance with Index Herbariorum,

Part I: Herbaria of the World, Eighth Edition, P.K. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, and

Lisa C. Bamett, New York Botanical Garden, 1990.

Abbreviations of the names of publications follow the recommendations in

Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum (BPH), G.H.M. Lawrence, A.F.G. Buchheim,

G.S. Daniels, and H. Dolezal, Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, PA, 1968.

All illustrations in all five parts have been selected from a large accumulation of

evolving Styles made over a 28-year period. The illustrations inked by Stig Dal-

strém since 1992 bear his initial-logo beneath my initials as the illustrator.

SYSTEMATICS

MASDEVALLIA

PART FIVE

CONTENTS

Frontispi Masdevallia veitchiana

Masdevallia subgen. Masdevallia

Sect. Masdevallia

Subsect. Coccineae 1049-1096

Sect. Racemosae 1097-1098

Sect. Triotosiph 1099-1112

Masdevallia subgen. Amanda 1113-1184

Masdevallia subgen. Cucullatia 1185-1198

Masdevallia subgen. Fissia 1199-1210

Masdevallia subgen. Meleagris 1211-1240

Masdevallia subgen. Nidificia 1241-1262

Masdevallia subgen. Scabripes 1263-1264

Masdevallia subgen. Teagueia 1265-1266

Masdevallia subgen. Volvula 1267-1268

Epilogue 1269

References 1270

Ack led t 1271

Glossary 1272-1274

Checklist of names in Masdevallia 1275-1283

Species of other genera described in Masdevalli 1284-1285

Cumulative Index to all parts 1286-1293

Revisions and addenda to previous parts

Masdevallia veitchiana growin

Sanctuary

§ among Inca ruins

anc » Cuzco, Peru, altitude

photographed by Stig

above Macchu Pichu

ca. 3000 meters above sea level,

Dalstrém, December 2001.

;

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1049

SUBSECTION COCCINEAE

Masdevallia subgenus Masdevallia section Masdevallia subsection Coccineae

Veitch, Man. Orchid. Pl. 5: 18, 1889.

Type: Masdevallia coccinea Linden ex Lindl., Orch. Lind. 5, 1846.

Ety.: From the Latin coccineus, “deep red to crimson,’ “ere to the color of the flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Coccineae Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia sect. 2, 1896.

Type: Masdevallia coccinea Linden ex Lindl.

The species of this subsection, native to the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and

Peru, are some of the largest and showiest of the genus. From the other subsections

of section Masdevallia, subsection Coccineae is distinguished by single, brightly

colored flowers with a comparatively narrow, sepaline tube, beyond which the

lateral sepals are variously connate into a widely expanded lamina that is longer

than the tube. The petals, lip and column are located deep within the tube. The

petals are callous along the labellar margin with a simple, basal process. The lip is

oblong and simple. Unusual deviations include M. deformis with a spiculate margin

of the lip, and M. rosea subsp. echinata with a spiculate apex of the lip. This sub-

section contains about a dozen species, some of which are not too closely related.

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SUBSECTION COCCINEAE

(excluding “‘subvarieties” and “‘forms”’)

M. amabilis Rchb.f. & Warsz. Plates 540, 541, 542, 543.

M. amabilis var. lineata hort. = M. amabilis

M. barlaeana Rchb.f. Plate 544.

M. boddaertii Linden ex André = M. ignea

M. coccinea Linden ex Lindl. Plates lion 5, 68, 547.

M. coccinea vat. acanthifolia Bull ex Sander= M. coccinea M. coccinea var. lindenii André =

M. coccinea var. jaca Willi coccinea M. coccinea var. longiflora mati not aaa = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. atropurpurea hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea eo-oculata hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea

M. coc vi hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. conchiflora Rchb.f. ex Veitch = M. coccinea M. coccinea var. meteor hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. decora B.S.Williams = M. coccinea M. coccinea var. miniata B.S.Williams = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. niana ex Sander=M. coccinea UM. coccinea var. oc ex Sander = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. denisonii Dombrain = M. coccinea var. purpurea hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. flambeau hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea coccinea var. regalis hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. flammea hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea M. coccinea var. rosea ex Sander = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. formosa hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea M. coccinea var. rotundiflora hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. gemma hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea M. coccinea var. sanguinea hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. gloriosa hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea M. coccinea var. splendens Sander = M. coccinea

M. coccinea vat. grandiflora Linden = M. coccinea var. versicolor Veitch = M. coccinea

M. coccinea var. illustris Linden ex Sander = M. coccinea M. coccinea var. violacea hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea

. lilacina = M. coccinea . coccine: hort. ex Sander = M. coccinea

M. coccinea Regel, not Linden ex Lindl. = M. ignea

M. davisii Rchb.f. Plate 548.

M. deformis Kraenzl. Plate 549.

M. denisonii Dombrain = M. coccinea

M. echinata Luer = M. rosea ge echinata

M. exaltata Luer = M. deform Plate 550.

M. flammula H.Mohr & Braas = M. amabilis

1050

- ica masts M. coccinea

var. acanthifolia Bull = M. coccinea

iar atan alba-maculata hort. ex Warner =

M. coccinea

Ad ho, haceecas) RS Willi M_encrinea

M. herpes vr atrosanguinea B.S.Williams =

ee camea L. Linden = M. coccinea

M. harryana var. coerulescens hort. ex B.S.Williams =

coccinea

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

M. harryana var. illustris Linden = M. coccinea

M. harryana var. imperialis Burbidge = M. coccinea

M. harryana var. kegeljani Linden = M. coccinea

M. harryana var. laeta Rchb.f. = M. coccinea

pe paren tat acne Linden = Lehi

M. harryana var.

BE date sake: vor, iabidada B.S. Wollierss & Moore

=M. coccinea

M. harryana var. regalis Bull = M. coccinea

conchiflora Bull = M. coccinea M. harryana var. reginae Linden = M. coccinea

M. harryana var. decora B.S.Williams = M. coccinea M. harryana vat. rosea hort ex Warner = M. coccinea

M. harryana i = M. harryana var. sanguinea hort. = M. coccinea

M. harryana var. grandiflora B.S.Williams = M. coccinea M. harryana var. splendida hort. = M. coccinea

M. harryana var. gravesiae hort. = M. harryana var. versicolor T.Moore = M. coccinea

M. idae Luer & Arias Plate 551

M. ignea Rchb-. ....... Plates 552, 553.

. ignea var. aurantiaca B.S.Williams = M. M. ignea var. massangeana B.S.Williams = M. ignea

M. ignea var. boddaertii Linden ex André = M. ignea M. ignea var. militaris (Rchb.f.) Sander = M. coccinea

M. ignea var. boddaertiana Linden = M. ignea var. pulchra Vuyisteke ex. Cogn. = M. ignea

M. ignea var. citrina hort. ex Stein = M. ignea M. ignea var. rubescens Linden ex nzl. = M. ignea

M. ignea vat. coccinea hort. ex Stein = M. ignea M. ignea var. hort. ex Stein = M. ignea

M. ignea vat. grandiflora B.S.Williams = M. ignea

hort. ex Gentile = M. ignea

M. ignea var. vuylstekeana Cogn. = M. ignea

M. lindenii var. grandiflora Linden = M. coccinea

M. lindenii var. harryana André, = = M. coccinea

M. longiflora Cogn. = M. coccinea

M. longiflora var. lindenii André ex Kraenzl. = M. coccinea

M. militaris Rchb.f. & Warsz. = M. coccinea

irene ee Plate 554.

M. Xparlatoreana Rchb.f. = M. Xsplendida

M. purpurina Schltr. = M. amabilis

- rosea Lindl.

OES ee is Aegean ne OO Plate 555.

= rosea subsp, Ape (Luer & Andreetta) Luer... Plate 556.

Pruleoneaeeas ee

Masdevallia ante hoyeg tee ee

a een.

M. velchana Rea 22 oo Plate $61

ME welche NireRth? we late 561

M. veltchiana var. grandiflora B.S. Williams = M. veitchiana

ia Memoria Maria Arcila Plate 562

M. venusta napa no illustration We

M. wilischiitna 0 Page 1052

we eeeee

Bin acini ncaas reer he lies

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1051

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBSECTION COCCINEAE

1 Sepaline tube 7-12 mm long 2

1’ Sepaline tube more than 14 mm long 6

2 Lateral sepals red-orange, acute, acuminate, short-tailed 3

2’ Lateral sepals red, with the apices rounded with 1 mm long tails 3

3 Lip constricted in anterior third, barely 7 mm long....................::seeseeee M. venusta

3’ Lip not constricted in anterior third, 4.5 mm long 4

4 Ramicaul 2-5 cm long; petiole of leaf ca. 2 cm long; lateral sepals connate ca. 10

mm stumpflei

4’ Ramicaul 5-7 cm long; petiole of leaf ca. 4 cm long; lateral sepals connate ca. 18

mm M. idae

5 Lip pubescent, shortly lacerate M. deformis

5’ Lip glabrous, not lacerate (subsp. exaltata)

6 Lateral sepals with the apices acuminate or acute, with or without tails a

6’ Lateral sepals more or less obtuse, contracted into short tails 14

7 Lateral sepals tailless, with the apices acute, acuminate 8

7 Lateral sepals caudate, with the apices acute, with tails 9

8 Sepals red-orange, the dorsal sepal with the tail deeply decurved.............. M. ignea

8’ Sepals variously colored, the dorsal sepal with the tail recurved, erect, or directed

forward M. coccinea

9 Sepals usually bright rose, the dorsal sepal with the tail decurved 10

9’ Sepals variously colored, the dorsal sepal with the tail suberect to erect 11

10 Lip with the apex thin, smooth, decurved with a callus M. rosea

10’ Lip with the apex thick, echinate M. rosea subsp. echinata

11 Sepals yellow, the dorsal sepal broadly obtuse M. niesseniae

11’ Sepals variously colored, the dorsal sepal acute

12 Sepals red-orange, with purple capitate hairs M. veitchiana

12’ Sepals variously colored, without capitate hairs

13 Sepals red-orange, often striped M. amabilis

13’ Sepals purple to white (M. purpurina)

14 Sepals bright orange with purple hairs on the dorsal sepal M. welischii

14’ Sepals not bright orange with purple hairs on the dorsal sepal

15 Sepals yellow, with tails of lateral sepals less than 5 mm long............... M. davisii

15’ Sepals crimson, with tails of lateral sepals more than 10 mm long...M. barlaeana

1052 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Masdevallia venusta

One of the reasons that subsection Coccineae had been delayed until Part-5 of

Systematics of Masdevallia was the hope that M. venusta would reappear. It was

described by Schlechter in 1921 from a collection by Weberbauer from the Andean

slopes east of Huancabamba in northern Peru. This specimen was lost in the de-

struction of the Berlin-Dahlem herbarium in 1944. No duplicate material is known,

acerrnnt:

In botanical literature the epithet venusta first appeared merely in a list of plants

made from several sales catalogues. Schlechter used the epithet to describe formal-

ly the beautiful, terrestrial species collected by Weberbauer. In the Orchids of Peru,

Schweinfurth included M. coccinea, listing M. venusta in the synonymy. The

following description was made from Schlechter’ s published description. No illus-

tration is known.

venusta Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 62, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin venustus, “beautiful,” for the beauty of the flowers.

Plant medium in size to large, terrestrial, caespitose. Ramicauls erect, abbreviated, single-leaved,

with a short sheath. Leaf erect, elliptical-oblong, obtuse, with a petiole 3.5-7 cm long, apparently 3-

veined, the blade 6-9 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide near the middle. mce: peduncle solitary, very

rs poten gaia og has long, floral bract closely clasping, half as long as the pedicel; flower

beauti ight cri (coccineus); sepals glabrous, connate into a narrow, bell-

Ma ae te en long, the dorsal sepal lanceolate, very acuminate into the tal, 5 cm long including the

tail, : tal sepals expanded forward, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, subfalcate, very acuminate with

middle; i

at the base dilated into a decurved lobule, 6 mm long:

lightl

b narrowed, with the lateral nerves slightly thick-

ened toward the base, barely 7 mm long; column 5.5 mm long, the clinandrium denti : t

2 mm long; ovary cy’ » glabrous, 5 mm long, the pedicel barely about 1 cm long.

he foot

PERU: Cajamarca: east side of east of

Huancabamba, alt. 2400-2500 m, Apr. 1912, A.

rbauer 6111 (Holotype destroyed at B).

collected since the original collection by

= to M. venusta in many ways, but a few

Screpancies in the descriptions indicate

that probably neither is the same.

In common, the flowers of all] three

could be called “coccineus.”’ Al] three

sas tak ‘

than those of their re]

sepals of all three t acumi

t uminatel

with short tails, and all have sg

Six millimeters long with a thick, incurved

The lo

venusta is slightly constricted in the an-

terior third, while the lips of M. Paes

M. stumpflei are shorter. |

2 oblong, and not

atives, the lateral

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1053

Masdevallia amabilis Rchb.f. & Warsz., cn ret . ee 1854.

Ety.: From the Latin amabilis, ‘‘beautiful,” referring to the the flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia amabilis var. lineata Linden, Rev. Hort. — t. 25, 1883.

Ety.: From the latin lineatus, referring to the yellowish sepals striped with purple.

Syn.: Masdevallia purpurina Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 61, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin purpurinus, “purple,” referring to the flower

Syn.: Masdevallia flammula H.Mohr & Braas, Die Orchidee 35: 141, 1984.

Ety.: From the Latin flammula, “‘a little flame,”’ referring to the color of the flower.

medium in size to large, terrestrial, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, 2-4.5 cm long,

enclosed is 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 5-17 cm long including an samo:

petiole 2-4 cm long, the blade mg | at dence subacute to obtuse, 1.5-2 cm wide, gradually narrowed

below into the aceon petio a solitary, showy flower borne cit : reaively slender,

erect to reclining or horizontal Se "15-40 ¢ cm long, with a bract below the middle, from

ramicaul; floral sho L. 1.5 cm long; pedicel 1.5-6 cm long; ovary 0.5-1.5 cm ‘ene poo yellow -

yellow-orange, white to purple, glabrous, microscopically pubescent within, the dorsal sepal linear-

obovate, acute, acuminate, 2-3 cm long including the acuminate tail t 3 cm long, 5-13 mm wide at the

orifice of the tube, coe 11-28 mm into a narrow, cylindrical, sepaline tube, the lateral sepals more or

less obovate, oblique, acute, 4-6 cm long including the tails, connate oe 10-33 woe into the narrow, sepaline

tube below, expanded above into a bifid lamina, 17-33 mm wide, contracted into slender tails 5-15 mm

long; petals white to light gree often sie at oy — suione, 0 a setie long, 2-3 in wea pois

obtuse apex ee lobed, t abellar

=e oe tab with dark ame at the apex, ao. a "i

8. 5 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wi wide, more or less slightly constricted above the middle, the apex obtuse, with a

low, marginal callus, the base subtruncate, Pig beneath; column white, marked and — with

purple, semiterete, 3.5-7 mm long, the foot stout, 1-3 mm long with a slender, incurved extens

PERU: Cajamarca: sources of the cae May

1853, J.R. von Warszewicz s.n. (Ho W;; Iso-

type: K); collected by Roezl, sat in n Zuirich,

Kaniger, C. Luer, J. ine & M. Arias K-53 (SEL):

Cutervo, between Llama and Huambos, alt. 2600-

2900 m, 21 Apr. 1988, C. Diaz & S. Baldeén 2876

(MO); Ch

; arca

and Chota, alt. 2800 m, 5 Dec. 1990, I. Sanchez 5371

(CPUN, F); between Celendin and Balsas, alt. 2800

m, 14 Apr. 1982, I. Sd4nchez 2780 (CPUN, MO);

Bosque de Llullapuquio, alt. 3150 m, 19 Sept. 1992,

I. Sanchez 6404 (CPUN, F); el Caserio Huacataz, alt.

(CPUN, MO); San Marcos, Cuenca del Rio Shita-

malca, terrestrial, alt. 3100 m, 30 Oct. 1982, J.

Sanchez & J. Torres 6423 (CPUN, F, MO). Amazo-

ar — ed at B); Luya, alt. 3000 m, agra

elisch, tena d in San Francisco, CA, |

rie penny C. Luer 4094 (SEL). Ancash: Yungay, i among rocks beside Lait Llanganuco, alt.

3900 m, 28 Sept. 1975, S.G. Saunders 1292 (AMES); Yungay, Callején de Hoaylas, Quebrada Llanga-

nuco, alt. 12,000 ft., collected by D. Welisch, June 1974, cultivated in San Francisco, CA, 7 Apr. 1978,

C. Luer 2887 (MO); Yungay, Laguna Llanganuco, alt. 3400 m, 10 Nov. 1984, A. Sagdstegui et al. 12316

(HUT, MO); Yungay, Parqué Nacional Huascar4n, Quebrada Ranincuray, alt. 3800 m, 12 Jan. 1985,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1054

a aS ee ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1055

D.N. Smith & H. Vidaurre 9146 (MO); Huaylas, Alpamayo-Cashapampa trail, alt. 3500-3950 m, 13 Mar.

1985, D.N. Smith & R. Valencia 10034 (MO); lithophytic near Huaraz, Callej6n de Huaylas, alt. 4000 m

Aug. 1979, collected by M. Arias, cultivated in Munich, — y, by W. Kéniger s.n. (K, M, MO, SEL,

US ; Huari, terrestrial, alt. 3650 m, collected by M Aug. = ‘pero by W. oe in

Munich, Germany, May 1980, C. Luer 5262 (SEL). a Abanc ma, Quebrad

Guera, alt. 3050 m, 19 Tuly 1940 a Vargas 1995 (AMES); Abancay, og aa "Ol ! Apr. 1953, ‘

Hierting & E. dgchyy 1455 (C). Huancavelica: Andaimarca sti Colcabamba and Sur Hierba, alt.

2900 4 14 Apr. 1954, O. Tovar 1832 (AMES). Libertad: Huam o, Laguna Sausacocha, alt. 3100

m, A. Lépez & onda ui 2867 (AMES, TRUX); Pataz, between mien and Puerta del Monte, alt.

3100 m, 22 May 1961, A. Lépez & Sagdstegui 3456, 3527 (AMES, TRUX); Sanchez Carrion, between

ins and Huamachuco, alt. 3750 m, 14 Feb. 1983, D.N. 7 & R. Lacan M. Sea oy = Lam-

ba rrefiafe, between Marayhuaca and pa, alt. 3000 1992,

S. pe Q. 3237 (F, MO). “‘Ostkordillera,’” without “ae 1983, K. Tiller n. pee of M.

flammula: Herb. Mohr).

This species is frequent and variable in size and color. It grows terrestrially and

lithophytically on exposed, rocky slopes of the semi-arid, high Andes of northern

eru where it was first collected by the venerable Warszewicz about 1850. Roezl,

however, introduced living plants into Europe in 1872. Examples of extremes

placed side by side are indeed remarkable, and superficially appear to be distinct

species. Larger-flowered specimens are more likely to be bright yellow-orange,

while smaller-flowered specimens are more often white or purple, described as M.

purpurina. However, it is impractical to recognize M. purpurina at the specific

level, because it is not possible to distinguish the two taxa from each other among

the multitude of collections with intermediate variations. Large-flowered variations

are the basis for the report of the Colombian M. coccinea in Peru. Possibly distant

hybridization with other species such as M. barlaeana or M. veitchiana could

account for the larger, more colorful variations. Some specimens are intermediate

with M. barlaeana. The specimen painted by Miss Woolward for M. amabilis in

her monograph looks very much like M. splendida, the natural hybrid between M.

barlaeana and M. veitchiana.

The leaves are narrow and thick, typical of species growing terrestrially in

exposed, semi-arid habitats. The long, more or less flexible, slender peduncle usual-

ly reclines with the weight of the flower. Shorter peduncles stand more or less

erect. The flowers vary in size, and the color of the sepals varies through all the

reds, yellows, and oranges. Yellow or yellow-orange sepals are often striped with

red or red-orange. A large, yellow-orange color variation with purple stripes was

described by Linden as var. lineata. Small specimens called M. purpurina vary in

color from purple to white. The sepaline tube is slender, and the free portions of the

lateral sepals expand into a broad, bifid lamina with short tails. Some specimens

appear deceptively similar to the Ecuadorian M. rosea.

The callus along the lower margin of the petals terminates in varying degrees.

A short, more or less acute point is often replaced by a thick, incurved process,

without regard to the size and color of the flower.

“ 2 is aee i aeraices — nae are = as ae ‘

i la PO My a ee

: er ste a a ig Pee,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 541. Masdevallia am bili

1056

1057

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

a ae

Plate 542. Masdevallia amabilis

(Masdevallia purpurina)

iia — — eS ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ees ee Ce ee ee en Tee A Pk NS EE Fa ee ee ee ee a eee ee Se te ON

‘ eee ee sertegis ree wae th eESE Mrs i 3

ala a ls ry canis x a es ‘j ie bah tere San Boe Samia, %

epee ee ee eee rH x :

een eT 7” CNTs.

ae ec SNE er

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

noe EE ES NSS PEE Tn er teste TIO Nas Catal aye Hele MTSE A Sane HES ery MmmerP PPM rp STTOAG ale OU eTE TR Ae SEPT APE PATA IE eieHON] > ct me cre cna a ae | eer oa | es ari at lA aN

? sii cn " EN Sat uty mr ‘

PE TIM, Caen Hee eM ee CR NC MT A eT eT Te

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1059

Masdevallia barlaeana Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 5(1): 170, 1876.

Ety.: Named in honor of J. E. Barla Esa. botanist and orchidologist, Consul of Brazil and director of

the Museum of Natural History, Nice, France.

Plant in size, terrestrial, caespitose to shortl Ramicauls stout, 2-5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 5-13 cm long eines an indis-

tinct petiole 2-4 cm long, the blade — elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 1.5-2.2 cm wide, gradually

narrowed below into the channel ed pe - Inflorescence a solitary, showy flower borne ihe a relatively

slender, , 15-20 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from

low on the ramicaul; floral bract 1-1.5 cm long; pedicel 2-4 cm long; ovary 1-1.5 cm se pont bright

red-purple, to red, suffused or veined in darker red or purple, snag on pubescent within, the

dorsal sepal linear-obovate, 20-22 mm long, 5 mm wide at the orifice of the tube, coat to the Sie

sepals fi mm into a narrow, cylindrical, sepaline tube, the apex rounded, abrup tracted into

slender, Pog ie tail 2. 5- “3 cm long, the lateral | sepals more or less obovate, oblique, 30-35 mm aie

connate 25- fid lamina, 26-28 mm

wide, ae the apices obtuse, contracted into slender tails 12-14 mm long; petals w oblong, 6mm

long, 2 mm wide, the apex truncate, trilobed, the labellar mnargia’ with a ogi a ending ina

short, obtuse process at the base; lip white, suffi i , oblong, thin, 5

mm wide, slightly sulcate centrally, the apex obtuse, with alo lius, the b

pe — column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the rai stout, t, 1-2 mm long with a slender, in-

urved exten:

PERU: Cuzco: without locality, W. Davis s.n.

(Holotype: W): Urubamba, Lemcaypata-Sta. Rita, alt.

2200-2800 m, 28 Mar. 1942, C. Vargas 2658 (CUZ,

and Machu Picchu, C. Vargas s.n. (CUZ); near

Pefias, alt. 3600 m, Jan. — wt by Kéniger

W- ne B. Aig & M. Mai n. (K). Apurimac:

uebrada ame of Clitschexos, sides of

rag cliffs, 12800 m, 27 Feb. 1939, H.E. Stork &

0.B gran ie (UC). hank locality, Don

& O. Robl

La Ceja, Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2287 (SEL).

Masdevallia barlaeana was discovered

around 1875 by Walter Davis while col-

lecting plants of M. veitchiana for Messrs.

Veitch. Apparently limited in distribution

to the high altitudes of southeastern Peru,

it is closely allied to the frequent and

widely distributed M. amabilis that occurs

at high altitudes from northern to southern

Peru. Both species occur in similar,

exposed, rocky habitats. The red-orange

color of the flowers of M. barlaeana is

distinctive, but the two are often difficult to distinguish. The apices of the lateral

sepals are obtuse instead of acute and acuminate as in M. amabilis, and the tails are

shorter. Also, the angle between the blades of the lateral sepals is obtuse instead of

acute. The morphology of the petals and lip of the two species is essentially the

same

Hybdidization between the two must also occur. Where M. barlaeana grows in

company with M. veitchiana, the hybrid M. Xsplendida occurs.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1061

Masdevallia coccinea Linden ex Lindl., Orc Lindeniana 5, 1846.

hidaceae

Ety.: From the Latin coccineus, ‘‘a bright, deep red color,” referring to color of the flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia militaris Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2 eh = 283, 1854.

Ety.: From the Latin militaris, ‘of the military,” in allusion to the bright red flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia lindenii André, Ill. Hort. 17: 226, t. 42, 1870.

Ety.; Named i in honor of Jean Linden of Ghent, B elgium, discoverer of this species, and in

odie Masdevallia coccinea var. lindenii André, Ill. Hort. 17: 266, 1870.

7 Syn.: hb.f., Gard. Chron 1871

Ety.: Named in honor of Sir tens James Veitch ie aches this species.

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. sanguinea hort., Gard. Chron. 1: 751, 1877

Ety.: From the Latin sanguineus, “‘blood red,” referring to the color of the flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana v: ar. coerulescens Bull, Cat. new t. 83, 1

Ety.: From the Latin it cole i “becoming blue,”’ referring to the a of the flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. laeta Rchb.f., Gard. Chron, n.s. 11: 716, a

Ety.: From the Latin /aetus, “bright,” in allusion to the color of the flow

Syn.: Masdevallia lindenii var. harryana André, Ill. Hort. 20: 167, t. et 1873.

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. denisoniana hort., Fl. Serres 19: 129, 1873.

Syn.: Masdevallia denisonii Dombrain, Fl. Mag. n.s. t. ie 1873.

Ety.: Named for a Mr. Denison who cultivated this specie

Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. versicolor Ve h, Gard. C Chron. 16: 306, 1881

Ety.: From the Latin versicolor, “‘of various so in maaan to the colors of the flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. coerulescens B.S. Williams, Orchid Album 1. t. 24, 1882.

Ety.: From the Latin coerulescens, “‘becoming blue,”’ mer to ie color of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana Vat. age Bull, pa be 188

Ety.: P; f robably y of the | mber a the Acanthinae.

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. conch fora oe Cat. 14, 1883

Ety.: From the Latin conchiflora, “conch- or clam-shaped,”’ in allusion to the shape of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. regalis Bull, Cat. 14, 1883.

.: From the Latin regalis, “royal, fine,”’ referring to the choice flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. eee B.S. Williams, Orchid Album 3: t. 105, 1884.

blood-

Ety.: From the Latin atrosanguineus, “‘dark red,” referring to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. miniata a we Willi ams & T.Moore, Orch. Alb. 3: t. 110, 1884.

Ety.: From the Latin miniatus, ‘‘flame- ”’ in allusion to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia lindenii var. est te eo den, Lindenia 1: 73, t. 34, 1885.

Ety.: From the Latin grandiflorus, “large-flowered,”’ referring to the size of the flower.

Syn.: Seep coccinea var. armeniaca B.S. here Orchid Album 5: t. 224, 1886.

Ety.: From the armeniacus, “apricot-colored,” in allusion to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. dois B.S. Williams, Orchid Album 8: t. 344, 1

Ety.: From the Latin decorus, “beautiful, becoming,”’ in allusion to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. conchiflora (Rchb.f.) Veitch, Man. Orch. PI. 5: 34, 1889.

Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. harryana (Rchb.f.) Veitch, Man. Orch. Pl. 5: 34, 1889.

Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. splendens Sander, cen — t. 26, 1891.

Ety.: From the Latin splendens, “‘splendid,”’ in allus

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. imperialis Burbidge, Florist & Pomol 90, 1882.

ty.: From the Latin imperialis, “imperial, regal,” referring to fine qualities of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. kegeljani Linden, Lindenia 8: 95, t. 382, 1893.

Ety.: Probably named for the grower or owner Kegeljan.

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. lilacina Linden, Lindenia 8: 95, t. 382, 1893.

Ety.: From the Latin lilacinus, “lilac-colored,”’ referring to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. carnea Linden, Lindenia 8: 95, t. 382

Ety.: From the Latin carneus, “flesh colored,”’ pores ring to the color of inet toe

Syn.: ee epg Var. Fr reginae Linden, Lindenia 8: 95, t. 382, 1893.

Ety.: From the Latin regina, “queen,” referring to queen-like properties of the flower.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1062

anne tee mnt

aay Se

Tite

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1063

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. illustris Linden, Lindenia 8: 95, t. 382, 1893.

Ety.: From the Latin illustris, “bright, t, lustrous,” anere® to fine — of the mnree.

Additional “varieties” of Masdevalli y Willi (B.S Williams, 1894):

Syn.: M. harryana v: : Grow. Man. 491,

Syn.: M. harryana var. grandiflora B.S.Williams, Orch. Grow. Man. 492, 1894.

Syn.: M. harryana var. gravesiae hott., Grow. Man. 491, 1894.

Syn.: M. harryana var. maculata hort. ex R.Warner, Orch. Grow. Man. 492, 1894.

Syn.: M. harryana var. roseaa hort. ex R.Warner, Orch. Grow. Man. 492, 1894.

Syn.: M. harryana var. versicolor T.Moore, Orch. Grow. Man. 492, 1894

Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. longiflora Cogn., Dict. Icon. Orch. Mas. t. 7a., 1899.

Ety.: From the Latin longiflorus, “‘with long flowers,”’ referring to a variation of the flower.

Additional “‘varieties”’ listed by Sander (Sander, 1901):

Syn.: M. coccinea var. acanthifolia Bull ex Sander, Orch. Guide 110, 1901.

yn.:

Syn

Syn.

Syn.: M. coccinea a hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 110, 1901.

Syn.: M. coccinea var. illustris Linden ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn.: M. coccinea var. iWatiag Linden ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn.: M. coccinea var. luteo-oculata hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn.: M. coccinea var. magnifica — ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn.: M. coccinea var. mars hort. ex Sander, Orch. age 111, 1901.

Syn.: M. coccinea var. maxima eae ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn.: M. a var. meteor hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn.: M. oculata hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn.: ce coccinea vat. ss gieiee hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn.: M. coccinea var. regalis hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn.: M. coccinea var. rosea hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn.: M. coccinea var. rotundiflora hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901.

Syn. S

Syn

.: Masdevallia ignea var. militaris (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) ex Sander Orch. Guide 113, 1901.

.: Masdevallia longiflora (Cogn.) Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. 37: 383. 1906.

Syn.: Masdevallia longiflora var. lindenii André ex Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih.

34: 27. 1925.

Plant large, eae spew repent to eps itose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 5-10 long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubu . Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, ae cm long including the indistinct

petiole 4-8 cm long, ~ ae narrowly Cetned tintin 1.2-3 cm wide, the apex subacute to obtuse,

y narrowed below into the base. Inflorescence a large, solitary, showy flower bore er a stout,

erect peduncle 25. brac

1.5-2.5 cm long; pedicel 1.5-6 cm long; ovary 6-14 mm long;

orange and white, asia glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly obovate, 25-40 mm ange 6-10 mm

wide, connate to lateral sepals for 15-23 curved,

angular, acute, produced tal a a Nperqud reflexed tail 13-5 cm long, the lateral sepals oblique,

broadly falcate, 45-60 m 70 mm , the apices

acute, acuminate, mcenved "petals white, oblong, 6. - 10 mm a lon, 2. 5- 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse,

scurel ng rt, retrorse

at the t base; lip white to yellow, sometimes suffused w bl te, 6-9 mm long,

233 5-3.5 mam | wide, the pwaiihe iy 03 a low pair of pao N pect near the middle, the apex rounded, the

hite, semiterete, 6-9 mm long, the foot 2 mm

long with a short, incurved extension.

I tT i a iS Ss ie

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1065

COLOMBIA: Santander, Old Dept. of seine i

restrial on the southern slopes of the

near Pomplona, alt. . 500 ft., si 1843, 7. Linden

1262 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: W); Cachiri, alt.

9,000 ft., 1846-52, “ Schlim an (W): terrestrial in

woods between Cachiri it. 2500

21 May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo

180 (B, BR, P); sam

; Schlim 1437 (BM, BR R, G, LE, P, W); Ocaiia, B.

Roezl s.n. (W); without locality, Warszewic? 5.n.

(painting, type of M. militaris: Ww); near California,

bankment north of La Laguna, alt. 2850 m, 8 May

1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Vilenein ’ on?

10183 (MO). Boyaca: Paramo de Pisba, 2800-3000

m, 9 May 1937, J. Renz 3606 (BAS); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, 8 Nov. 1957, PJ. Grubb, Curry & Fer-

aaiclad kee 388 (K); terrestrial in thin woods above Guic4n, alt. 3100 m, 27 May 1982, ie Luer, R.

roma & D. Portillo 7980 (SEL); along a stream — San Pablino, alt. 3600 m, 30 May 1982, C.

r, R. Escobar & D. sede pt 7985 (MO, SEL). Cundinamarca: Zipaquiré near sine BArbara,

oa pike anes FE = Seinen ‘65 (G). Without collection ~— cultivated by Harry James Veitch s.n.

(holotype ryana: woke gi a aa on data, peduncle 2-flowered, cultivated in Brandon,

19 ag on ey DI Dukes & W. Thoms s.

Masdevallia coccinea is widely distributed in the Eastern Cordillera of Colom-

bia where it remains locally abundant in spite of a century of relentless exploitation.

It was first discovered by a European in the old department of Ocaiia about 1841

when Jean Linden made one of his voyages to the New World in search of orchids

for the trade. However, it was not until 1870, after plants were rediscovered by

Wallis in 1867, that it flowered for the first time in Europe. This species imme-

diately became a horticultural prize in great demand for the large, colorful flowers,

and for hybridization. Various shapes and color-variations were highly sought by

maohtayiite a horticulturists, and many cultivars were given names as varieties.

“Variety” grandiflora was cultivated in St. Petersburg, Russia, in May 1888.

While ce populations are stable in the color of the flowers, others are ex-

tremely labile, producing numerous shades and tints. The colors vary from bright

red-purple to rose, pale rose, or pure white. Rarely, yellow variations are produced,

and prior to the recent re-introduction of M. davisii, these variations were

sometimes sold for that rare species.

A variation with bright, military-red flowers, collected and painted by Warsze-

wicz, was described by Reichenbach as M. militaris. arid tail of the dorsal sepal

points forward, not sharply reflexed as it is in the typical . However, it is not

decurved between the lateral sepals as it is in the eee wanally bright orange

flowers of M. ignea. Colonies with flowers exactly fitting those in Warszewicz’s

painting have been found at high altitudes in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.

Rarely, a second flower of M. coccinea will be produced simultaneously on a

10-centimeter-long proliferation of the peduncle, and even with a bud beyond that.

During the post World War II years, Helmuth Schmidt-Mumm amassed a great

collection of all variations of colors, shapes and sizes in his growing areas near

Bogota, Colombia. Many plants of this collection are cultivated today by John

rs in cool, coastal California.

1066 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM .

FS Pe a SY ee ee FE es iae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1067

Masdevallia davisii Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 2: 710, 1874.

Ety.: Named in honor of Walter Davis, the collector who discovered this species.

t t Ramicauls stout,

erect, 3-6 cm long, enclosed sr 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, ‘thickly coriaceous, 10-18 cm long in-

uding an indistinct petiole 1-3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, 1.5-2 cm wide, the apex

subacute, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a large, cee showy

flower borne by an erect peduncle 18-25 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from ofa

ramicaul; floral bract 1.5-2 cm long; pedicel 4-5 cm long; ovary 1 cm long; sepals nanbenl yellow or

yellow-orange, with a brown spot at the base, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, 25 mm long, 15 mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 15 fe d, cylindrical tube, the free portion triang'

lar, subacute, contracted into a slender, erect, greenish tail 2 cm long, the lateral sepals connate 30 mm

into a broadly elliptical-oblong, bifid, shallowly concave lamina 45 mm long, 35 mm wide, the apices

subacute to obtuse, contracted into slender tails 4 mm long; petals yellow-white, oblong, 8 mm long, 3

mm wide, the rounded apex obscurely ta the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in

a short, retrorse process : the base; tip yello oblong-sub-

pandurate, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wie b ow pair of longitudinal calli

near the middle, the apex obtuse w , the base subtruncate, eae te ta column

yellow-white, semiterete, 6.5 mm ae the foot 2 mm anes with a short, incurved extens'

U: Cuzco?: without locality, 1873, Gece in

ie 1874 by Messrs. J. \ and,

W. Davis s.n. (Holotype: w: Isotype: ag ngs of

Urubamba, east of Cuzco, alt. ca. 3000 m, collected

by Santiago, Oct. 1978, flowered in ee 15

Aug. 19 79 b y D. Welisch i in San Franc o, CA, C.

Ocobamba, V ica Mts., culti vated by K6niger W-

15a, alt. 3600 m m, he 1980, B. Wiirstle & W. Maier

5.n. ser M, USM, ei Herb. H. Kiniger); same collec-

Wiirstle at Spielberg, Germany,

2 Sat 1981, C. ave (MO).

This prized species is locally abundant

where it grows on fully exposed rocky

slopes at high altitudes in southeastern

Peru. It was first discovered at an undis-

closed locality by Walter Davis, a collec-

tor sent by the firm of Veitch to collect M.

veitchiana for the trade. In spite of many

plants being exported to Europe, they

Koen: disappeared in cultivation, no

further importations having been made. It

species that became increas-

ingly desirable as cultivation of Masdev.

lias became popular once again. Yellow color-variations of M. coccinea were

commonly sold for M. davisii. It was rediscovered in 1978 by David Welisch of

San Francisco and independently in 1980 by Berthold Wiirstle of Spielberg,

The bright yellow flowers are borne high above the thick leaves that betray the

semi-arid habitat. A broad, golden synsepal expands beyond the sepaline tube. The

tail of the dorsal sepal is about as long as the blade, but the tails of the lateral sepals

are very short. The petals and lip are similar to those of the other species of the

subsection Coccineae.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ane ec eee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1069

Masdevallia deformis Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 428, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin pe igen “deformed, misshapen,” for the disproportionately large size of the

plan

flower as compared to the

Syn.: Masdevallia exaltata Luer, ‘Sean 108, 1982.

Ety.: From the Latin exaltatus, * alted,”’ referring to superior qualities of the plant as compared to

the misnomer “‘deformis.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect,

slender, “ 5-4.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf dark green, sometimes mottled

ee Piecewpi purple or black, erect to suberect, « age easy 410. cm long including the

2-4.5 cm long, t 1-2.4

cae petiole. Inflo lorescence a solitary, showy flower borne bya eo ascending, or erect,

slender peduncle 4-10 cm sag with a bract below the middle, from low on pe ramicaul; floral bract

tubular, 6-8 mm long; -11 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals red-vermilion, glabrous, “is

dorsal sepal oblong, 12- 71 mm long, s : nan wide, connate to the lateral sepal for 8 mm ch

tail 15-23 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong-elliptical th ical tut , more or sate

j ith the dorsal sep 1 , 30 40 mm tong, connate 19-30 mm, 20-27 mm wide

together. ded api tracted i 1.5-2.5 mm long; white with a

purple = oblong, 7-8 mm rome 2-2.75 mm wide, aps apex subtruncate, lightly | bilobulate, the

labellar longitudinal carina dotted with

ae narrowly oblong, 7 mm long, 1 25- 1 5 mam wide, laterally compressed below the

middle, shortly pubescent or glabrous, 1S, 2 € apex narrowly

lied t ir of calli, ciliate or glabrous,

the base subcordate, 1.5 mm thick, hese below; column white with a ane margin, semiterete, 5-6

mm long, the foot 3 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: ‘Cordillera

talis lojensis,’’ Hiibsch s.n. (Holotype: W); Cone

del Condor, Jan. 1972, M. Fiske s.n. (AMES); sam f

ramen by M. Fiske, cultivated by M. & O. Roble- i

do at La Ceja, Colombia, 27 Sept. ee ae 9 “¢ }

1848 (SEL); between Loja and Zamora, al ae

eg by E. Sanchez, cultivated by is yoenaiien ——y

a, 19 Nov. 1979, C. Luer 4805 (SEL); i

cco! in cloud forest above ere alt. 2450 5

m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J. =

Kuijt & D. 'D’ Alessandro 9566 (MO); same area, 23 gy 8

Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores oii c

10937 (MO); same area, alt. 2700 m, 4 Apr. 1985, G. ? My

Harling & L. Andersson 23660 (GB). Loja: epiphy- P ;

in cloud forest north of the pass south of Yangana, f }}

alt. 2400 m, 3 Mar. — c Luer, A. Andreetta, D. L. 9 ae

D’Alessandro & S. Dalstrém 7103 (SEL). Morona f

Santiago: Cordillera ad poate east of Chuchom- 7

bletza, alt. 1750 m, 21 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, 4

W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13542 (K, >

MO). a

This species is local, and sometimes

abundant, in the forests of southeastern

Ecuador. It was first collected by the

collector Hiibsch in the ‘eastern cordillera &

of Loja,”’ and described from dry, herbari- -

um material by Kranzlin in 1921. He commacnts that ral Pace ne size of the

flower caused him to choose the “‘ill-sounding’”’ nam n though he assumed the

flower to be beautiful. Living plants were first dieiaed ‘by the late Milan Fiske in

1972 in the Cordillera del Condor where it has proved not to be rare.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1071

oe the plants of M. deformis are not remarkably different from most

medium-sized members of the genus, except that the leaves are usually darker

ihe and sometimes mottled with purple-black, especially in those recognized as

M. exaltata.

The flowers are borne singly, but often several simultaneously on horizontal or

drooping peduncles. The sepaline tube is narrow with broadly expanded, bright red

or orange lateral sepals with very short tails. The petals have a marginal callus

ending in sharp tooth above the base. The lip is narrowly oblong and obtuse with or

without minutely ciliated margins. It is shallowly channelled centrally between a

pair of low, longitudinal calli.

A population in the mountains of southern Ecuador west of the Cordillera del

Condor was discovered in 1982 and recognized as M. exaltata. Vegetatively, it is

larger with larger flowers borne by longer, more or less erect peduncles. The petals

are identical to all others seen. The lip of M. exaltata was noted to be smooth, but

this character was found to be inconstant within the species, the lips varying in

degrees of cilia.

PS a eee or Me tae ele aN ee oe ee ee ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1073

Masdevallia idae Luer & Arias, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 86: A-1,

001

Ety.: N: o£ fe Ida Fernandez. fi t p ap | Ck ek da ft fA

ybiicads.

pees it ts slender. Ramicauls black, erect, slender, 5-7 cm

long, area oe. 2-3 loose, ar sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 9-11 cm long including the petiole

g, the blade marowly elliptical, subacute, 1. 5-1. 8 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into

resale hig J flower borne by 13- 16cm cm long, wi with a bract near

- shies from low th icaul; floral b hi , tubular, 15cm long; pedicel 3-4 cm long; ovary 4-7

dorsal sepal obovate, shallowly concave,

ca. 20 nm long, 12 mm wide, 3-veined, connate | to the lateral sepals for 7-10 mm to form a sepaline

tube, the apex obtuse, acuminate into a slender, red-orange tail ca. 20 mm long, the lateral sepals connate

st ar into a broad, bifid synsepal, ca. 30 mm srt 25 mm wide, with a mentum below the column-

s 6-8 mm | ong; petals white, oblong, slightly curved, 6 mm

weak 15 mm wide, the apex rounded, the labell lar margin with a longitudinal carina ending in a thick,

blunt, recurved Pp white, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex round-

ed, recurved, ith , the disc featureless, the base truncate, hinged beneath; column white,

semiterete, 5.5 mm naa ae y the foot thick, 2 mm long with an incurved exten-

sion.

PERU: Ayacucho: Huanta, Pachamanca, epiphytic,

alt. 2200 m, collected by Silvano Flores, cultivated in

Lima, Sept. 1999, by M. Arias s.n. (Holotype: MO),

C. Luer illustr. 19362.

Instead of terrestrial as with most other

Peruvian members of this subsection M.

idae is epiphytic. Vegetatively, the plant

differs with long-petiolate leaves that are

surpassed by the slender peduncle. The

orange flower is similar to that of M.

amabilis with the acute apices of the later-

al sepals tapering into short tails. The

marginal callus of the petals terminates

with a thick, retrorse and incurved process.

The oblong lip is smaller than the petals

and column.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1075

—ler tee — f., Gard. Chron. 1482, 1871.

Ety.: Fro US, us, “fire-red, in reference to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Mest ignea vat. moan eee poe Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 351, 1872.

Ety.: N: tioned of W. hall, Esq., Enfield, Middlesex.

Syn.: M Regel, Gartenflora 25: 193, t. 870, 1876, not Linden ex Lindl.

Ety.: From the Latin coccineus, “a bright, deep red color,’’ referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia boddaertii Linden ex André, Ill. Hort. 136, t. 357, 1879.

Ety.: Named for Dr. Boddaert of Ghent, Belgium

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. boddaertii Linden ex André, Ill. Hort. 26, 1879.

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. stobartiana Rchb.f., Gard. Chron n.s. 15: 136, 1881.

Ety.: Named for Mr. Stobart who cultivated this variety.

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. massangeana B.S. eigen: Orchid Alb. 6: t. 273, 1887.

Ety.: Named for Mr. Massange who cultivated this variety.

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. citrina hort. ex Stein, Orchideenb. 1892.

Ety.: From the Latin citrinus, “‘lemon yellow,” badeotes to the color of the flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. hobartii hort. ex Stein, Orchideenb. 333, 1892.

Ety.: Named for Mr. Hobart who cultivated this variety.

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. coccinea hort. ex Stein, Orchideenb. 333, 1892.

Syn.: Masdevallia i, ‘ignea var. ar. splendens hort. ex Stein, Orchideenb. 333, 1892.

Ety.: From the Latin splendens, “splendid,” referring to qualities of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. aurantiaca B.S.Williams, Orch. Grow. Man. ed. a 494, 1894.

Ety.: From the Latin aurantiacus, “orange,’’ referring to the color of the flow

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. armeniaca B.S.Williams, Orch. Grow. Man. 494, 1894.

Syn.: Masdevallia i. ‘ap var. grandiflora B.S.Williams, Orch. Grow. Man. 494, 1894.

Ety.: From the Latin grandiflorus, “large-flowered,”’ referring to a size of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. pulchra Vuylsteke ex Cogn., Dict. Icon. Orch. Genus Masdevallia

t. 2a, 1897

Ety.: From the Latin pulcher, “pretty,” referring to the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. vuylstekeana ana Cogn., soc Icon. Orch. Genus Masdevallia t. 2a, 1897.

Ety.: Named for Mr. Vuylsteke who cultivated this

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. goorii hort. ex ihe Orchid Guide 113, 1901.

Ety.: Named for Mr. Goor who cultivated this variety.

Syn.: ae ignea var. thomasonii hort. ex Gentile, List Pl. Cult. Serres Jard. Bot. Etat Brux.

199, 1

Ety.: sowie for Mr. Thomason who cultivated this variety.

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. rubescens Linden ex Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih.

34: 28, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin rufescens, “reddish,” referring to the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. superba Linden ex Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34:

28, 1925

Ety.: From the Latin superbus, “superb,” referring to qualities of the flower.

Plant large, terrestrial, caespitose to shortly ascending; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-8 c

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 8-20 cm long ictal

ing the petiole 2-9 cm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, subacute, 2-4 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below

es petiole. Inflorescence a soli

32 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low of the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 1-2 cm long;

pedicel 2.5-4 cm long; ovary 6-8 mm long; sepals bright orange with the veins darker, the dorsal sepal

obovate, 25 cm long, 9 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 14 mm to form a narrow, —_—

cylindrical, sepaline tube fi

trorse tail * 2. 5 cm long, the lateral Sepals ovate-falcate, 5 cm 1 long, 2 cm wide, connate 1.5 cm to form

a flat, bifi

petals avs with a purple midvein, cartilaginous, oblong, « obtuse, 8 mun long, 2.5-3 mm wide, the label-

lar margin base. lip white, yellow at the

base, sane with Purple Ki eee abies, | 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, st oi apex rounded with sinuate

margins, the

column white, pai with rt semiterete, 6 mm long, the stout foot 3 mm long with a short, in-

curved extension

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1076

Bite,

“Shea

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1077

COLOMBIA: Eastern Cordillera, without known

locality or collector, cultivated at Chelsea, 22 Nov.

1867, by Messrs. Veitch and Day 78 (Holotype: W);

without collection data, cultivated in Enfield by W.

ae s.n. (holotype of var. marshallina: W);

de Santander, old dept. of Ocafia: Paramo di

{

aay

esc 1164 (G, P); without data: cultivated in ‘St.

tersburg, Russia, 8 June 1886 (LE); Cerro Oroque,

Seer Abrego and Jurisdicciones, alt. 3700 m

19 May 1969, H. Garcia-Barriga & R. Jarramillo

19729 (AMES, COL); eueatial in forest below

Oa ais dh

pee _ locality or collector, cultivated by M.

bledo at La Ceja, 12 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2003

This species was first imported from

the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia in

1870 by Messrs. Low and Co. Specimens

of the fire-colored flowers cultivated by

Messrs. Veitch and Day were forwarded to Professor Reichenbach who so aptly

named the species the following year. It became an immediate horticultural favor-

ite. Collectors were dispatched to Colombia to seek color variations in the flowers

to satisfy the trade, which resulted in numerous descriptions of horticultural varie-

ties. Masdevallia ignea was also used extensively in hybridization.

The color of the flowers is variable from all the yellows through orange and red-

orange with or without degrees of purple suffusion. The size of the flowers is also

variable, but the reliable identifying feature is the tail of the dorsal sepal that curves

downward between the lobes of the lateral sepals. Without the benefit of Reichen-

bach’s herbarium specimens for comparison, M. ignea became confused with

Reichenbach’s M. militaris, a red color-form of M. coccinea Linden ex Lindl.

Masdevallia ignea is identified as M. militaris by Woolward in her monograph of

the 1890s. Specimens of M. ignea collected in 1853 by Schlim (Schlim 415) on his

expedition to New Grenada nearly twenty years before Reichenbach’s description,

were annotated in several herbaria as M. coccinea, but the specimen at K bears the

written name cinnabarina. Perhaps Lindley recognized the difference, but he failed

to publish the name.

Masdevallia ignea today still grows luxuriantly but locally in the shady, rich

humus of tall forests at altitudes near 3000 meters above sea level. It grows fairly

well in cool cultivation, but the foliage never attains the immense proportions that

develop in natural conditions.

eb PNNSE a

Sie cea Ne prteony

TP es say

Sahat

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1079

Masdevallia niesseniae Luer, —— Bot. Syst. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 110, 1998.

Ety.: Named for Andrea Niessen de Uribe o ay del Valle, Cali, Colombia.

Plant medi Ramicauls erect, channeled, 3-5 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 white, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec rect, coriaceous, s 1015 cm long including the petiole 2-3 cm

long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 2-2.5 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflores-

cence a single flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle up is 23 cm long, with a bract below the mid-

dle, from 1.5-3 cm above the base of the ramicaul; floral bract thin, tubular, 2.5 cm long; pedicel 3 cm

long; ovary 7-8 mm long; sepals golden yellow, glabrous, the dorsal suffused with rose along the

midvein, obovate, 30 mm long, 25 mm wide,

shaped, sepaline tube, the apex broadly rounded, abruptly contracted into a slender tail 5.5 cm long, the

lateral sepals 4 g, connate 3 y expanded synsepal 35 mm wide, longitudinally

sulcate ith th rf: b ith th tracted i tal il s4cm

long; petals white, ee » ovate-sublriangular, 7. ) mre long, ° a 5 mm wide above the ete the

apex obliquely obtuse, the labellar margin rs rounded margin

above the base; lip whi : eattcned wi rose, oblo) ong, 7 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, with the margins thi

tween, the base truncate, hinged beneath to the column-foot; column white, suffused with rose,

semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 2 mm ae with a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: near Lace de Cali-

ma, alt. 1500-1600 m, collected we Be

March 1

ideas ere Valle, i.

by Andrea Nicssen & Juan Calc Uribe, C. L

18789 (Holotype: M'

This pana species was collected

near an area of southern Colombia which

had been visited repeatedly by collectors.

About 30 freshly collected plants were

lying on a bench at Orquideas del Valle

near Cali at the time of the Cali orchid

show in March 1997. The flowers were

reported to be large and yellow, which

proved to be true when plants began to

flower the following year.

The large, long-tailed, golden yellow

flowers are larger and more spectacular

than the golden yellow flowers of coveted

M. davisii. Some yellow color-variations

of M. coccinea share the same intense

color that is not approached by any other

member of the subsection, except perhaps

M. veitchiana and M. welischii.

The leaves are not as thickly coriaceous as those of many other species of the

subsection. The erect peduncle bears the flower above the leaves. From a funnel-

shaped, sepaline tube the rounded dorsal sepal curves upward while the broadly

expanded, longitudinally sulcate synsepal arches below with reflexed tails. Bet-

ween depressed veins the surface is convex. The lip is oblong as in other members

of the subsection, but in the center there is a shallow concavity between a pair of

low calli.

patina

“er

Mey WAN Veracca sander

suai oeane

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1081

Masdevallia rosea Lindl., Ann. —— ome Ley 15: 237, — —_— rosea.

oo From the Latin roseus, “‘rose-co! g to the color

, epiphytic, pitose; slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 3- cs

cm bog enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, petiolate, 10-18 c

long including the petiole 2-6 mm long, the aa elliptical, subacute to obtuse, “ 5-4 cm wide, Seaats

below into the slender, channeled, blackish petiole. Inflorescence a solitary, showy flower borne by a

suberect, slender peduncle 10-15 cm long, wah a bract below the middle, fom los on the ramicaul;

tee: nek Hee 13-17 mm long, pedicel 10-22 mm long; ovary 6-8 mm long; sepals bright rose,

beco: frie toward the base, glabrous, the dorsal Pa oblong, ca. 35 mm long, 7-8 mm

beter connate 2 Mette ral sepals for 27-28 mm to form tly arched, sepaline tube, the portion

narrowly triangular, the acute apex attenuated into a filiform, deflexed tail ca. 5 cm long, the lateral

sepals obovate, nee ca. 60 mm oy riage 30-35 5 mm, » the basal tubular portion 10 mm wide, the

free, expanded portions 15-17 mm 15 mm long; petals

white, solo, 5.5 mm Sie: 2mm wide, ‘the apex truncate, obscurely lobulate, the labellar margin cal-

lous, with a broadly triangular, acute. ; lip pale yellow, lightly flecked

with red, oblong, 7 long, 3 mm wide, the apex o obtuse, revolute, with a mar, arginal, black-purple callus,

_ at most microscopically cellular-glandular, the base sae ha tt below; column white,

erete, 6 mm long, the foot stout, 2 mm long with an incurved exten

ECUADOR: Loja: alt. 8,000 ft., ca. 1842, T. Hart-

weg s.n. (Holotype: K; Isotype: W); slopes of the

Andes, 1861-63, R. Pierce s.n. (BM). ‘‘Loja,” ee

W. Jameson 103 (W); near the pass between Loja

Zamora, 24 Aug. 1878, F.

area, 4 Sept. 1959, B. Maguire 44342 (NY); same

area, alt. 2800 m, 24 Sept. 1967, B. Sparre 18924 (S);

same area, alt. 2800 m, 28 Sept. 1961, C.H. Dodson

& L.B. Thien 752 (MO, SEL); same area, alt. 2600 m

21 Sept. 1980, C. Luer, C.H. Tt ee et al. 5526

(SEL); same area, H. Balslev & W.C. Steere 3179

(NY, QCA); south of Loja, 18 Apr. 1946, R. Espino-

sa 181 (AMES, LOJA); Cerro Toledo, southeast of

3 , 6 Apr. 1985, G. Harl

Tungurahua, alt. 9,800 ft., June 1877, FC. Lehmann

67 (W); = Spree: alt. 3070 m, 2 June 1971, B.

MacBry 3 (AMES, SEL); pres de los

Llanganates, re alt. 3 m, 11 Apr. 1985,

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores Ae (MO). Fastaxa: wet forest north of Topo, Rio Zuiiag, alt.

a hg 25 Feb. 1990, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrém et al. 4614 (M0). Morona-Santiago: east of Cuenca,

near Yavileay, alt. 2500-2900 m, F.C. Lehmann d fi f P: alt. 2700 m,

ieee 18 — 1978, C. Luer 3316 (SEL); : southeast of Sigsig, alt. 2700 'm, 13 Jan. 1989, C. & J.

Lu ip, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 13873 alt. 2600 m, 11

Aug. 1990, A. Hints 5052 (MO). Azuay: near Sevilla de Oro, alt. cf 000-9, 000 ‘ft, 27 July 1945, W.H.

Camp mata (AMES, S); same area, om aa0 si > igre 1947, G. Harling 1363 (S). Zamora-

h 2700 m, 12 Oct. 1959, C_H. Dodson 17 (MO,

SEL); st ak collected by B. Malo, cultivated at nt near Cuenca, 5 Feb. 1978, C. Luer 2459

(SEL); same area, alt. 2750 m, 20 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. — & A. Embree 11971

(MO); cloud forest east of Yangana, alt. 2650 m, 4 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Andreetta, D. D’Alessandro &

S. Dalstrém 7138 (SEL); same area, alt. 2950 m, 22 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. prea A. ike & W. Flores

10977 (MO

Locally abundant in east-central and southeastern Ecuador, this spectacularly

colored species was first discovered east of Loja by the German collector Karl

Theodor Hartweg about 1842. The bright rose of the broadly expanded sepals gives

way to orange toward the base of the tube. Very rarely, plants with pure-white

flowers occur.

The apex of the lip of plants from southern Ecuador is broad, thin, recurved, and

essentially glabrous. The apex of the lip of plants of subsp. echinata from Colom-

bia and northern Ecuador is echinate.

1082

sent

ge ee Ee

: ie

1 “See

seg OPER re Te.

: Pecae tate

Attest —

cats Ore

Plate 555,

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1083

Masdevallia rosea Lindl. subsp. echinata (Luer & Andreetta) Luer, Lindleyana 3:

59, 1988.

Bas.: Masdevallia echinata Luer & Andreetta, Selbyana 2: 371, 1978.

Ety.: From the Latin echinatus, “bristly,” referring to the apex of the lip.

Syn.: Masdevallia rosea sensu Veitch, Man. Orchid. Pl. 5: 60, 1889, non Lindl. 1845.

re Masdevallia rosea sensu Woolward, any fet Genus Masdevallia 1896, non Lindl. 1845.

it der. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 1-3

cm on enclosed by 2-3 apie abu sheaths. ‘Leaf ‘erect to suberect, ee as , 10-15 cm

long ludin ng the peti tiole 3-6 cm the blade ell 2-3.5¢ wide, cuneate

Ww i tiole. Inflorescence a solitary, showy joe borne by a

suberect, slender peduncle 10-15 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul;

floral bract tubular 9-13 mm long; pedicel 10-19 mm long; ovary 8 mm long; sepals bright rose, becom-

ing orange toward the base, glabr ‘ous, the dorsal sepal narrowly oe 30 mm long, ‘2. 5m mm

ead meres to the lateral sepaline tube

triangular, the acute apex attenuated into a filiform, deflexed tail ca. 4 cm long, the lateral sepals obo-

vate, Cae , ca. 55 mm lo ong, connate 30 mi mm, the ‘basal t ubalar A eee ion 7 a wide, the free, expanded

portions 12 mm wid ie, th 10 mm long; pe white, more or

less oblong, 4.5 mm long, 1-2.25 mm wide, the apex obtuse, thet epper bem dilated in the lower third,

the lower margin callous, with a broadly triangular, acute, retrorse appendage above the base; lip yellow,

purple at the apex, wats sohelacess bm) oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex thickened, round-

ed, purple-spiculate, the base subcordate, hinged below; column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 2

mm long with a short, incurved extension.

LCOTTAnRMN?D- & 32. 1 At £

Tuleéin, alt, ca. nes m, yee 1978, collected ay A.

tta & A. Hirtz, cultivated in Cuenca, 18 Aug.

ime C. Luer i515 5 (holo otype of M. echinata: SEL).

on 4 (K); Rio Clavadero, Lagun La Virgen, alt.

8,750 ft., 2 July 1944, I. = 10458 (AMES);

Santa Barbara, alt. t. 2700 m, 15 Feb. 1959, G. Harling

4142 (S); ngs in cloud forest southeast of El

Carmelo, alt. 2200 m, 17 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer

& A, Hirtz 6321 (SEL). Imbabura: east slopes of

Volcin Cayambe, alt. 8,500 ft., 22 July 1944, WB.

Drew E-363 (AMES

COLOMBIA: Nariiio: eastern slopes of se

Péramo de Aponte, alt. 2900-3200 m, Oct. 1878 an

20 Feb. 1881, FC. Lehmann 203 (AMES, BM, G, “

LE, NY); Paramo de Santiago, alt. 3000 m, 18 Sept.

1956, D.W. Overton 94 (AMES). Putumayo: east of

1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 3164 (SEL).

This taxon, externally indistinguishable from M. rosea, is treated here as a

subspecies. It occurs in southern Colombia and northernmost Ecuador. Plants from

Colombia were exported to Europe by Consul Lehmann, and were identified as

Lindley’s M. rosea. No living plants from the original locality of M. rosea in

southeastern Ecuador had

The lip of plants from southeastern Ecuador, where the type was collected, is

d, thin, and essentially glabrous with an obtuse, revolute apex. The apex of the

lip of the plants from Colombia and northern Ecuador is thick and echinate. There-

fore, all old accounts of living plants of M. rosea include the thick, spiculate apex of

the lip found in plants from the north. Both taxa are undoubtedly hummingbird

pollinated, but whether or not the differences in the lip indicate specific humming-

birds remains uninvestigated.

rosea

vat Es

Ae ee ees

- ee

1a 2 aaF veme

peenies

va senes SS aN

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 556. Masdevaltia

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1085

se 20 Xsplendida Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 9(1): 493, 1878. (M. veitchiana

f. X M. barlaeana Rchb.f.)

by Po the Latin eer nmin ees in allusion to qualities of the flower.

lli hb.f., Gard. Chron. 11(1): 172, 1879. (M. barlaeana Rchb.f. X

i veitchiana Rehb. f. a

Ety ae cu: work ‘8 8 Webhibie: ar. 7

er rer o

eaeencl iealy,

it medium i amicauls stout, erect, 2. 5-3. 5 cm long, enclosed ge

c she ene sheaths. Leaf erect thickly coriaceous, 7" 14cm

arrowly elliptical, subacute to acute, 1.5-2 cm wide, gr -d bel the

6 Tatlecenesee a solitary, showy flower “sea bya an slender, erect catia: | 15-17 cm

long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 1.5 cm long; pedicel 3 cm

long; ovary 7 mm long; sepals ‘‘orange-scarlet,”’ — pubescent with a clavate hairs, the

dorsal sepal cheat peels, the bl ade 25- 27 mm | ong, 13- om wide at cmpoadied ott oukice ont be

patho connate 15-17

an erect, slender, red = =a 30 mm long, the lateral sepals more or less obovate, oblique, ms 37 mm

long © ea 24-26 mm an expanded, bifid lamina 28 mm wide, with the apices obtuse to subacute,

ted into slender, a tails 12-15 mm long; petals white, oblong, 8-10 mm long, 3-3. 5) mm wide,

ngs x truncate, obscurely trilobed or apiculate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in

a short tooth or an obtuse angle ; at | the base; lip white, with purple apex, oblong, thin, Ls 7.5 mm —s A *

3 mm wide,

with @ Va@lils,

1 ll; th ‘ hier

shallowly sulcate between a pair f ie

ite with the margins purple, semiterete, 5-6 mm aed the foot stout, 2 mm a with an extension.

ERU: Cuzco?: without collection data, imported by

Messrs. Veitch, s.n (Holotype: W); without locality,

Ww).

and Racin’ Pichu, “ie Snowpeak La Veronica,

alt. 4045 m, July 2000, cultivated by J & L Orchids

900-608, Easton, CT, Nov. 2000, J. Rolando

Se C: Luer asia songs Artificial hybrid

M. barlaeana by G. Staal

Palo Alto, CA, i Tuly | oo C. Luer a (MO).

The first plants of this presumed natu-

ral hybrid were forwarded to Reichenbach

with the skimpy information that they had

been collected in a “‘certain place’’ in the

Andes of South America. In his original

publication Reichenbach writes that it

**makes one think of a mule between M.

veitchiana and M. barlaeana.”’ He was

right; later hybridizations substantiated his

Hare Plate 557 is the cross made

y Gerardus Staal. The following year,

schetenpiee! published M. Xparlatoreana

as a possible natural hybrid similar to M.

Xsplendida i in appearances and circum-

cs. his supposition proved correct by artificial recreation of the taxon.

It is generally accepted now that M. Xsplendida is a hybrid with M. veitchiana

as the female parent and M. barlaeana as the male, and that M. Xparlatoreana isa

hybrid of the reverse parentage. Numerous plants intermediate between M. bar-

laeana and M. veitchiana have been found intermixed with both of the above

growing on exposed, rocky slopes at a high altitude of more than 4000 meters in

southern Peru. Plate 558 is a collection by Dr. Isaias Rolando. The plant painted

by Miss Woolward for M. amabilis in her monograph appears similar to this hybrid.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1087

Plate 558. Masdevallia Xsplendida

1088 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Unidentified plants without collection data, presumably belonging to subsection

Coccineae, are not uncommon in many collections. Below is one that is a probable

hybrid that was cultivated by the late Lil Severin in Cupertino, California.

559. Masdevallia indete :

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1089

Mastevalia | stumpfiei } Braas, ee st Padgc 1979.

hom the species was imported.

medium in size, probably RS caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4.5

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-14 cm long ee the ‘petiole

narro ‘0 the

i: ht cm long, the ie narrowly lip, obtuse, 1.5-2 cm w

Inflo mce a solitary flower borne by a slender, i peduncle 18-29 cm a with a bract

ca wit base, fom low on the siaeicaale floral bract thin, tubular, 1 cm long; pedicel 3-3.5 cm long;

ovary 7-10 mm long; sepals bright red-orange, microscopically pubescent within, pal obo-

vate, Pie oe concave, 13-28 mm long, 11-18 3 mm wide, connate to the lai ateral sepals for 8-12 mm to

paline tube, th

sepals ovate, oblique, 23-40 mm long, 8-17 mm wide, connate for 10-18 mm to a shallow mentum,

4-6 mm long; petals w white, pdr 65. mim long, 2.5 mm

de, the apex truncate, recaps trilobed, the labellar margin with a longitudinal carina ending in a

thick, blunt, incurved proc at te base; lip white, oblong, 4. 5-6 mm stein 2- 3 5 mm wide, the apex

truncate, suffused with p hinged

beneath; column white, semierete, 5.5 mm long, slightly denticulate at the apex, the foot thick, 2 mm

long with a short, incurved extensi

nae lica? llecti

imported from R. pone pein in i974,

nciteamretr in Germany, L. Braas 2626 (Holotype in

the private herbarium of L. Braas); same source,

imported from R. Stiimpfle by M. & O. Robledo,

cultivated at La Ceja, Colombia, 20 Jan. 1978, C.

Luer 2358 (SEL); same collection, cultivated at La

Ceja, 16 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13197 (MO).

This species was exported from Peru

by Rudolf Stiimpfle to Germany in 1974

where it subsequently flowered. It was

also exported to the Robledos in Colom-

bia, and to J & L Orchids in Connecticut,

U.S.A. The exact locality and habitat are

still unknown, but presumably it grows

terrestrially in high areas. Divisions of

these importations are present today in

many collections. The dimensions of the

vegetative and floral parts vary greatly

with growing conditions.

Masdevallia stumpflei is characterized

by the slender, thickly coriaceous leaf and

a long, weak peduncle as seen in M.

amabilis. The flower is bright red-orange with a short, gaping sepaline tube. The

dorsal sepal is broad and terminated by an equally long tail. The lateral sepals are

terminated by narrowly acute, tail-like apices.

Much of Schlechter’s description of M. venusta applies to M. stumpflei, but the

leaves of M. venusta are long-petiolate and up to three centimeters broad; the sepals

are five centimeters long with very acuminate tails; and the lateral sepals are subfal-

cate and only a trifle more than one centimeter wide.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Are rteners.

oe.

3 cm

eS ae Se er ste

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1091

Masdevallia veitchiana Rchb.f., _ Chron. 814, 1868.

Ety.: Named in honor of the firm Messrs. V tch & Sons, who first imported this species.

Syn.: ania San veitchiana var. ribeye Rchb.f., , Gard. Chron. ns. 19: 662, 1883.

Ety.: From the Latin biflorus, wered,””

Syn.: Masdevallia veitchiana var. en B.S Williams, Orch. ake Man. ed. 7: 506, 1894.

in size to large, Ramicauls erect,

stout, 3-9 cm cae enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. “pat gpa) thickly coriaceous, ofiee cm

long, the blade very narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, 1.5-2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into

the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a large, showy, solitary flower borne by a stout, erect ane cle sh

60 cm long, with a bract on the lower third, from | ca. 3 cm long

pedicel ute cm ong: ovary 10-13 mm ae minutely pitted; sepals pe ate or vermilion shorty

pubescen long, 23

fi Fd tea fi li 1 b naa acute ex

v > ee portion

slender, orange, erect tail ca. 3cm long, the late sani ovate, 55 mm gy connate

38 mm to form a broadly expanded lamina beyond the sepaline tube, 38 mm wide, the acute _

contracted — slender tails ca. 12 mm lo 3 ig contracted base forming a shallow mentum w n the

column-foot; petals white, oblong, 13 mm , 4mm wide, the acute apex

suid the ‘labellar seiSigs with a longitudinal callus epic in an obtuse angle above the base; »

white, suffused with rose, oblong, 10.5 mm ong, 3.5 mm

the apex obtuse with a low, ae callus, th don th d; col white with

purple margins, semiterete, 9 mm long, the stout foot 3 mm soe with an incurved extension.

nici Cuzco: in crevices between rocks in moun-

ar Cuzco, alt. ain pele: impo! ae

sense Veitch, R. Pierce s.n. (Holotype: W); c'

ed by Messrs Veitch, July 1884, R. Pierce on

(K); without locality, 1876, W. Davis 45 (W); ee

7. Convencién, Machu Picchu, alt. m,

8, C. Vargas ee MES); es Picch

cs re) ruin walls,”

pe H.E. Stork, OB. Horton & C ge ein

G, K); same area, alt. 2300 m, 29 Apr. 1953, J.P.

mann 213 (B); s area,

J. Renz 10189 (BAS); same area, alt. 2450 m, 15 Apr.

1971, J.G. Hawkes et al. 5180 (C); road to Huifiay-

huayna, alt. 2800 m, 7 May 1976, R. Chavez A. 3410

(MO); Huayna Picchu, alt. 2800 m, 23 June 1936, J.

West 6449 (AMES, UC); Huayna Picchu, alt. 9,000

feet, 28 Mar. 1959, S. Saunders 439 (BM); above

S. Tilney Payton 138 (F, MO, NY, SMF); without

locality or collector, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo

at La Ceja. Colombia, 12 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2002

(SEL).

Bryologist Richard Pierce first discov-

ered this species in 1867 growing among

rocks in the high mountains of Peru, and plants were successfully sent to England

where they were introduced into the trade by the firm of Messrs. Veitch & Sons.

Professor Reichenbach honored the firm by bestowing their name upon the new

species. Such a great demand developed for the plant that the firm soon dispatched

their collector Davis to the scene to collect thousands more for the European trade.

ct of this excursion was M. davisii.

Growing in the full, intense, tropical sun at high altitudes, this spectacular spe-

cies was once plentiful among the stony Inca ruins at Machu Picchu and Huayna

i 9 ee (ae oni a eS Ne ee amp or nl EY

ee ‘ 4 i i

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 561. Masdevallia v . hi

1092

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1093

Picchu, but collectors have almost exterminated it from these areas. This relentless

collecting is needless because the plant is commercially available from seed.

Numerous named hybrids are also on the market as they have been for the past

century.

Vegetatively and florally, M. veitchiana is variable in size and color, only par-

tially explained by growing conditions. The dimensions given in the above descrip-

tion are those taken from an average plant. Much smaller and much larger flowers

are encountered. On well-grown plants the flowers attain their greatest beauty. The

vermilion color appears to have a velvety, purple suffusion, but when examined

under a strong lens, the surface is seen to be covered by purple, capitate hairs.

XDracuvallia Memoria Maria Arcila (Sanin ex Richardson) Luer & Escobar, Selby-

ana 2: 1 9

Bas.: XMasdevallia Memoria Maria Arcila Sanin ex Richardson, Orquideologia 12: 72, 1977.

oe Named in honor of Sra. Maria Arcila, mother of Dr. Carlos Sanin w the cross.

2-4 cm long, enclosed by 2-3

loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ha ek ie acute, 8-12 cm long including an

indistinct petiole, 1.8-2.2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below to the subpetiolate base. I nce a

showy, solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle, 18-23 cm long, from low on the a

floral bract tubular, oblique, 18-22 mm long; pedicel 18 18-20 mm long; ovary Lay 8 mm mm long, round in

section; ight orange, suffused -glandular within,

the dorsal sepal ovate, 33 mm long, 25 mm wide, connate to the lateral cia a for 15 mm to form a

conical, sepaline cup, the apex obtuse, contracted into a “rasan erect tail 4c eC Be 9 ose

bec g green above, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, ee ong, 24 mm wide, connate 20 mm

form a troed, shallow mentum, the apices subacute, contracted ‘oan slender tails ca. 3c cm oie were

ee marked with red-brown, oblong, 7 mm long, 2. S mm wide, with the apex obtuse, minutely papil-

rial eos earbnernee with a low, smooth callus above the base; lip orange, subpandurate-obovate, 11

mm long, 5 mr id, shallowly concave with 3 carinae, the hy-

pochile roivele: between continuations of the lateral carinae from the epichile, the base subcordate,

hinged to the column-foot; column white, stout, semiterete, 6 mm long, with a stout foot 4 mm long.

COLOMBIA: fl d in cultivation by Colomb ideas, 21 July 1978, C. Luer 235] (SEL).

The first intergeneric hybrid with a species of this subsection and a species of

Dracula was created by Sr. Sanin of Medellin, Colombia, with M. veitchiana and D.

are (Rchb.f.) Luer as parents. It was registered in 1977 as XMasdevallia

Memoria Maria Arcila.

This attractive hybrid bears on an erect peduncle a large, bright orange flower

that more closely resembles the Masdevallia parent than Dracula chimaera. The

tails are relatively short. The petals and lip reveal the Dracula parentage. The

petals are minutely papillose near the margin of the apex, and the lip is indistinctly

divided into a shallowly cleft hypochile, and a tricallous epichile.

Other intergeneric hybrids have been created in recent years, but none has yet

surpassed this hybrid in beauty and popularity.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1094

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1095

Masdevallia welischii Luer, Selbyana 5: 152, 1979.

Ety. ae writs in honor of the late David Alan Welisch of San Francisco, CA, who discovered this

specie S.

Di. + as:

s stout, erect, 2.5-4.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular a Lest erect, thickly coriaceous, Tic cm ue including an indistinct

~ iole 1. 2 cm long, the ~~ pe pected elliptical, subacute to acute, 1.5-2.2 cm wide, gradually nar-

nto the chan . Inflorescence a solitary, senteaeel flower borne by a relatively

lender, ascending tos es ga 12- 18 cm long, with a w the middle, from low on the

oral bract 1. adbuab om ited Pedicel 2-4 cm long; ovary van rox . cm long; sepals bright orange,

ax dorsal parr obova aes 5 mm lo ong 543 mare a wide at te expended o orifice of the

tube, c

ae dark red-brown tail 15 mm 1 ong, the | 1 Is suffused with red d the b

or shes: wpe ey 36 mm long, connate 24 mm into an expanded st 26 mm wide, with the

ices si ontracted into a red-brown tails 6 mm long; petals white, narrowly oblong-ovate,

101 mm lon ong, "2: 31 mm w wih, the ac te apex obscurely lobed, the labellar scat wich a longitudinal callus

he | slip wets, irene with n purple : at the apex, oblong, thin,

a mm long, 2 75 n a wide, the ap

Hi, the b t h; column white, suffused with purple,

satan 7mm ae the foot stout, 3 mm aie with an incurved extension

PERU: Cuzco: La Convencion, Vilcabamba moun-

tains near ee n exposed rocks, alt. 3 m,

Oct. 1978, collected by D. Welisch, cultivated in San

Francisco, 15 Aug. 1979, C. Luer 4085 (Holotype:

SEL); same collection, cultivated by Pui Y. Chin in ©

San Francisco, 7 Jul ly 1989, Cc. Luer 14401 (MO a“

Mar. 1989, C. ‘Luer 14244 (MO). Feaen coe

Quishuala, Abancay, alt. 11,000 ft., 16 May 1939, E.

K. Balls B6905 (BM, E, K, US).

This spectacular species was discov-

ered growing on exposed rocky slopes by

David Welisch in a remote, mountainous

area of Peru in 1978 while he was search-

ing for the long-lost M. davisii. Plants

flowered in cultivation the following year.

A collection of this species made in 1939

by Edward K. Balls and deposited at =

was identified as M. davisii by 0.0. W

liams.

Similar to M. davisii and M. veitchiana

both in habit and habitat, M. welischii is

easily distinguished by the bright orange

color of the sepals and a pubescence of the dorsal sepal that glows with a blue iri-

descence in sunlight. The hairs are pointed, not clavate as in M. veitchiana. The

petals and lip are narrow and acute.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 563. Masdevallia welischii

a ae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1097

MASDEVALLIA SECTION RACEMOSAE

Masdevallia subgenus Masdevallia section Racemosae Woolward, The Genus

sake ridlsuanesd ere i 1896.

Type osa Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 256, 1845.

Ety.: facsae be, sie racemosus, “racemose,” referring to the inflorescence.

The species of this unispecific section is unique in the genus by virtue of the

long-repent habit; a loose inflorescence of successive and simultaneous flowers;

deeply connate sepals without tails; elliptical, acute petals; and a simple, oblong lip.

Masdevallia racemosa — Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 256, 1845.

Ety.: From the Latin rac “racemose,”’ referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Masdevallia racemosa var. crossii hort., Gard. Chron. n.s. 20: 691, 1883. Nomen nudum.

Plant medium in size, terrestrial, long-repent, with the rhizome stout, 1-3 cm long between rami-

cauls; roots 9 ign bose stout, ascending to erect, 2-4 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths.

Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, pe se 48 cm long including a petiole 1. J 2. 5 cm a rau blade

risa Bhs elliptic, ase ie; 1.5-25'c . In-

flo al cessively Soe to sve -flowered raceme, usually 2 flowers open simultaneous

ly, 10-15 cn cm long, borne b y a slender, erect, purple peduncle 10-15 cm long, with a bract near the mid-

dle, from near the middle of — neva floral bract infundibular, 6-8 mm long; pedicel 10-12 mm

long; ovary dotted with red, s rrucose, 4-5 oran d with ——

red-orange along the veins, prorat ee sparsely s short- -pubescent t within , the dorsal sepal oblong,

abruptly dilated i in the distal third, 208 og long, | 10 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral nar for

p ovate, ca the obtuse apex

duced i the lateral Is 25 long, te 23 mm in © a lamina that is

oblong below the middle, 8 mm wide, abruptly dilat

a with the pig apices rounded, each with a minute acuminate ca in petals —

he take ist: ,

elliptical, a mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the labellar half with a low, elliptical callus; lip whi

aan 7.5mm “ae 4 ' mm wide, the apex rounded, nrenalaache'e gat the disc shallowly farses

between a longitudinal pair of low calli, the base cordate, hinged beneath; column light yellow, suffused

with rose, semiterete, 6 mm long, with the apex erose, foot 2 mm long, with a mae. incurved ieenien

LOMBIA: Cauca: above Popaydn, Paramo de

Puracé, silva Pitayo, alt. 10,000-14,500 m, 1843, T.

sank 1432 (Holotype: K, Isotypes: BM, G, LD, P,

W); Paramo de Puracé, alt. 3300 m, Feb. 1938, K.

von Snider 1750 (S); Péramo de Puracé, San Fran-

cisco, alt. 3400 m, 23 July 1943, J. pee bine gen

14670 faa: Pdramo de Puracé, alt. 3300 m

Oct. 1961, J. Cuatrecasas & L. Willard 26312 ae

Puracé, Rio Vinagre, rg Chibchiquaré,

alt. 3250 m, 15 Jan. 1991, R. Ruiz & Cortés 1235

(MO); above Popayan, alt. fo gercindeg May 1878,

F.C. Lehmann 6751 (AMES, G, K, LE, US, W);

Paramo de Delicias, F C. Lehmann B.T.183 (AMES,

W); Péramo de Moras, alt. 3000-3800 m, 29 Oct.

— F.C. Lehmann 2098 (AMES, BM, K, LE, US);

if os alt.

3070 m, 27 July 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 3044 Apes K, MO, SEL); P:

alt. 3150 “ 13 Nov. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & A. Lehmann de ans 8350, 8385 (AMES

SEL); Rio Vinagre, east of Popay4n, alt. 2800 m, 7 Nov. 1948, : Ypres, J. Arague & F. Barkley (US);

between vi and Totors, alt. 3200 m, 18 July 1948, H. Garcia-Barriga & J.G. Hawkes 12708 Us)

~~ northeast of Silvia, alt. 3200 m, 22 Oct. 1946, O. Haught 5119 iene Paletara,

1906, H. Pittier 1420 (AMES, US); without ea data, cultiv:

by M. &O. tat pg ig tage ig ).

This species is endemic in subparamo forests at a high altitude in southern

Colombia where it was first discovered by Theodore Hartweg in 1843. Carder of

Messrs. Shuttleworth & Carder was the first to succeed in exporting living plants to

Europe in 1883. When first offered at their sale, a dried plant with at least ten

flowers carefully arranged on the raceme was displayed. An illustration with 14

: ; 5

Wers Was published in the Gardeners’ Chronicle and in Veitch

Manual of Orchidaceous Plants, level in

Masdevallia racemosa or Sat altitudes over 3000 meters above wees me

the cre Me nBE Mes Where creep inthe oe, loose, leafy humus. wa

cessively flowered racemes ally bear no more than two scarlet flowers ope

One time, but as Many as 18 may ey

-ylindrical bel the middle we

simultaneous flo’

: aline tube is

€ntually be produced. The sep

the obtuse, tailless sepals abruptly expand.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1099

MASDEVALLIA SECTION TRIOTOSIPHON

Masdevallia sect. Triotosiphon (Schitr.) Sweet, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 40, 1978.

Type: Masdevallia bangii Schitr., Repert . Spec. Nov. Regni Ve g. Beih. 10: 41, 1922.

Ety.: From the Greek triotosiphon, “a three-eared tube,” chee to the short, sepaline lobes.

Syn.: Masdevallia subgen. Triotosiphon Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 10: 42, 1922.

Type: Masdevallia bangii Schltr.

This taxon was suggested by Schlechter as subgenus Triotosiphon when he

described Bang’s collection of a minute Bolivian species. However, this taxon meets

the criteria for subgenus Masdevallia. Among the numerous species of the subge-

nus, the few closely related species that constitute this taxon are treated here as

another section. Six species are recognized, four from coastal Venezuela, and two

from the eastern declivities of the Andes.

Vegetatively, the small to very small, caespitose plants bear single, more or less

tubular, kyphose (humpbacked) flowers constricted above the middle. The free

portions of the sepals are short, thick and similar to each other. Simply on the basis

of deep connation of the sepals, some of the species had been mistakenly transferred

to Physosiphon. Although calliferous petals are one of the primary distinctions of

Masdevallia, the callosity of the petals of some individuals of species of this section

are vestigial or wholly lacking. The lips are simple and oblong, and channeled

between longitudinal calli.

BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SECTION TRIOTOSIPHON

M. bangii Schltr. ; Plate 565.

M. gnoma Sweet Plate 566.

M. irapana Sweet Plate 567

M. kvyplk tha Sweet Plates 568A, 568.

M. lansbergii Rchb.f. Plate 569.

M. pseudominuta Sweet = M. kyphonantha

M. triodn Sweet = M. bangii

M. | Sweet Plate 570.

1100 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1 Sepals on tk ak } iddl ; petals dilated at the obtuse apex

aris M. venezuelana

1’ Sepals connate to above the middl

epals with the fi i ly triangular, acute; petals obovate, obtuse.....

é — ‘ Sena aaah ag M. kyphonantha

2" Sepals with the free portions ovate, subacute to obtuse 3

3 Petals broadest at the apex, truncate-tridentate M. lansbergii

3° Petals not truncate-tridentate......... 4

4 Lip with the apex erose, verrucose.........___ M. buat

4” Lip not verrucose at the Yo ee

Dies Bante are ot ten ran Ubvansrdbbeniaaueieebeicsies. Goi (occ.

Masdevallia bangii Schitr., R Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 10: 41, 1922.

Ety.: Named in honor of its ji = 2 ag egni eg. Be * : ’

co Physosiphon bangii (Schit.) Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 249, 1956,

yn.: Masdevallia triogn Sweet, Bot. \ Leafl. 26: 46 1978.

as From the Greek tri-oon, “three ©ggs,” referring to the ovoid, free segments of the sepals.

10 mm long. caches iphyti » densely Caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, blackish, erect, 2-

obtuse to Ber 15- ¥ 2-3 tubular Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly obovate-linear,

tinetly base. apn long, 2-4 mm wide, 2 mm thick, narrowly cuneate below into the indis-

‘ 2 litary f] borne b: a slender, erect to suberect peduncle 5-

saa Lon, pt brat ear the a from low On the i floral bract 2.5-4 mm long; pedicel 3-5

Sento oblon Cf Pale yellow or light yellow-green, rous, the

hone to nil Ke Pets long, 1.5-2 mm wide ec concave, connate 4.5-8 mm to

' above the middle pe toute: Cylindrical, ine tube, more or less dilated dorsally and

= = portion yellowi thickened, ovate, subacute to obtuse, 3-4.5 mm

long, connate 4-5 mim, 2-4 mm wide expanded, the free portions thick,

mm Petals translucen

th eh £1

pote oe

)

}

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1101

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor pinncy Coroico, 8 Sept.

toty

m, 27 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & mea

(SEL). Cochabamba: Chapare, aid bie ae Villa

Tunari, alt. 1200 m, 8 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer &

R. Vasquez 5195 (SEL ):

PERU: Amazo. I

iD,

ae alt. 2000 m, Ge 1978, collected by B.

rstle et al., Sci taet May 1980, C. Luer 5293

pio Huénuco: between Tingo Maria and Pucall-

pa, alt. 1600, She 1981, M. Arias A-28 (K, M,

E W, Herb. H. Kéniger); same collection,

cultivated by B. Wiirstle in ot aaa Germany, 7

t. 1981, C. Luer 6467 (SEL

ECUADOR: Morona- -Santiago: Cordillera —

pasig between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m,

Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jess up, A. Jes stony:

Teague ie 356 7. (Moy, ature Chin nego near

alt. 1000 m, collected vated

at Tari ee 27 Sept. 1980, C. Luer wee (SEL): re

of Zamora along Rio Jamboe, alt. 1000 m, 24

1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A. Jesup & A. sa 16148; oe ae epee M. Fiske s.n. (holo-

type of M. trioén: AMES); Cordillera del Condor east of Los 550) m, 18 May 1988, C.

Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13463 tr Be mari - 1 d Nambija, alt.

1300 m, A. Hirtz 5510 (MO).

This tiny species is widely distributed, locally abundant, and variable in its wide

range through the eastern slopes of the Andes from southern Ecuador into Bolivia,

where it was set collected in 1884 by Miguel Bang. The sepals are deeply connate

into a very small, solitary, white, tubular flower constricted above the middle, and

dilated dorsally pea below the middle. Garay had transferred the species to

hysosiphon because of the deeply connate sepals. The free portions are shorter,

thick and obtuse. The size of the flowers varies with the lengths of the sepals

between eight and eleven millimeters. Plants from the Cordillera del Condor in

southeastern Ecuador, described as M. triodn, are small, but certainly conspecific

with M. bangii.

The petals and lip hidden deep within the sepaline tube are variable in morphol-

ogy. The membranous, oblong petals often lack any thickening on the labellar half,

one of the most reliable features for identification of the genus. The lip is narrowly

oblong with a longitudinal pair of intramarginal calli extending from obtuse angles

above the middle and merging toward the thickened base. The apex is variably

rounded to subtruncate, and sometimes microscopically erose.

1102

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

aan oe

avenge

ST Ta OA, BOTA? ACT gee ome at Beene eae Oe Pn ae ae TINY =n

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1103

Masdevallia gnoma Sweet, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 41, 1978.

Ety. From the Latin gnomus, “‘a dwarf,” referring to the small habit of the plant.

Plant very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, blackish, 2-

5 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly obovate-linear,

obtuse to subacute, 15-35 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 1. = 2 mm thick, narrowly cuneate below into the

indistinctly petiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle

15-25 mm long, with a bract near the met from low on vine caaaak floral bract 3-3.5 mm long; pedicel

4-5 mm long; ovary blackish, 2-4 mm long; sepals pale a or light Aci npti glabrous, the

orsal sepal narrowly oblong-ovate, 11-16 mm long, 2 mm wide expanded, concave, connate 6-8 mm to

the lateral | sepals to form a lightly arcuate, pi te a tube, more or ans dilated dorsally and

ickened, narrowly y ovate, acute, 47 mm long, the

lateral sepals 10-14 mm long, connate 4-6 mm, id , narrowly

ovate, acute, 4-6 mm long; petals translucent sae membranous, linear-ovate. te, 2. 5-3 mm long, 0.8- 1

mm wide, the apex obtuse, to subtruncate, or with an obtuse eitaben. the labellar dilated below the

middle with a a low, rounded callus; lip yellow or yellow-orange, oblong, 2.5-3 mm long, | mm wide,

e apex subtruncate, more or less minutely erose, the disc with a pair of low, longitudinal calli with

erect, apne angles near the middle, the base oma

concav ti th hi seiniineate 2.5 mm lo

the oie thick, 1 mm long with a minute, , incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Napo: vicinity of Papallacta, without

date or altitude, Stacy s.n. (Holotype: cage

ee epiphytic near Bomboiza, alt. f

1000 m, c ted by A. Andreetta, sanivenek | in i

Cuenca, 18, ANE 1978. . Luer 3318 (SEL); epiphy- %» 5

tic near Rio Calagrés, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected by A. | ° < i

Peake cultivated in Cuenca, 6 Nov. 1982, Cc. Vey

Luer 829] (SEL); Rio Calagras, north of Gualaquiza, ¢

ca. 1000 a 28 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. age eo

Wilhelm 652 (SEL). ee

This tiny species is extremely similar

to the frequent, variable, and widely dis- oi a

tributed M. bangii. It occurs on the east- yx

ern slopes of the Andes of central Ecuador ri

at the northern limit of the distribution of %

M. bangii. The plants and the flowers of a Se Poo

the two species are indistinguishable er

except for the petals and lips hidden within /

the sepaline tubes. The labellar margins of ;

the petals of M. gnoma are dilated below &

the middle with a more distinct callus. A

The petals of M. bangii are more or less 7

oblong with the callus often obscure or obsolete. The lip of M. gnoma is distin-

guished by the pair of erect angles near the middle from the longitudinal calli, and

the disc above the base is shallowly concave. The lip of M. bangii is narrower with

longitudinal, marginal calli that converge to form a thick base

1104 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Sa ene ve a ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1105

Masdevallia irapana Sweet, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 42, 1978.

Ety: Named for Venezuelan community of Irapa, near where the species occurs.

Plant small, —. caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls a blackish, — to suberect, 5-

10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, 2-4 cm long

including an ao. a ican ca. lcm long, the blade narrowly ssn sabiiciing 2-4 mm wide in the

sid state, gradual wed below into the base. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender,

rect to suberect ae 10-13 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral

bract tubular, 3. 5 mm im long; — el 3. 5 mm nes ore 2 mm long; sepals white, epg connate to

ed below the middle, constricted near or above the

_ the Ps se narrowly linear, concave, 8.5-12 m mm long, 1.5-2

wide, connate to the secs sepa fe +h > T mm, the free portion yep aie with orange, narrowly

elliptical. bs ute, 3-5 mm 1.5 mm

blade, 4-6 mm tong, 3mm spre saneed es free portions suffused oe orange, ee elligtical,

acute, 3-5 = -25-1.5 mm wide; petals translucent white, oblong-spathulate, 2-3 mm long, 0.6-1 mm

wide, 1-veined, slightly iddle, slightly dilated va the broadly obtuse apex, the

labellar an with a nearly obsolete, longitudinal thickenin g below ck, lip re cee:

subpandurate, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, the disc sulcate between a pair of broad

below the middle, the apex obtuse, frin ringed,

column greenish white, semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with a short, thick, incurved exten-

sion.

VENEZUELA: Su we Lag de cpp aye * ) -,

Humo, northeas HES

1966, J.A. cuca te Vudccue pee ee. oe.

Boasiee VEN), C. Luer illustr. 17162; without collec- |; or

n data, G.C.K. Dunsterville 19 (AMES), C. Luer -

ak 17163.

This little species is apparently ende-

mic on the Peninsula de Paria of coastal

Venezuela where it was first collected by

Julian Steyermark in 1966. Except for

being smaller both vegetatively and floral-

ly, it is very similar to M. venezuelana. As

in the latter, the narrowly tubular flowers

are constricted near the middle with the

orange, thickened, free portions more or

less spreading. The translucent and

membranous petals are spathulate with the

dilated apex obtuse, and with a barely

discernible thickening along the labellar

margin below the middle. The apex of the lip is fringed and verrucose, and below

the middle the disc is sulcate between a pair of broadly rounded, erect calli.

The accompanying illustration includes parts of two specimens. A flower and

the parts of the dissected flower were drawn from pickled material preserved by

Dunsterville (19), but no vegetative material was preserved. The plant was drawn

Steyermark’s collection (95079). A flower hydrated in ammonia confirms that

the two collections represent the same species.

1106 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

cap ee

wes Terese at ee

- &

* .

* meee

. * = os

wenn rieaere

age ae

- ‘s

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1107

Masdevallia kyphonantha Sweet, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 44, 1978.

Ety.: From the Greek kyphonanthos, ‘‘a humpbacked flower,” refetring to the arcuate, sepaline

, more or less dilated dorsally.

Mi lli Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 45, 1978.

By. ; From the Greek pseudo-, “false-, i and the epithet minuta, in allusion to a vague similarity

very call epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 4-10 mm

long, uate 2; 2- 3 close, tubular sheaths. _Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, sulcate, narrowly linear,

narrowly 2-3 mm wide. Inflorescence a small, soli-

tary, vine to Poa yellow flower, borne | by an erect, slender sang 10-25 mm pes with a aa below

the middle, from near 3-5 mm lo g; pedicel na mm long;

ovary, 2-4 mm long; sepals white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, concave, eee g, 2-3 mm

wide expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 5-9 mm to form an arcuate, cylindrical si the free

portion arpa piped irtanguler, hacen, 3- te mm ms the lateral ia ~— 4-8 mm into a

de ee ee -10 mm triangular, acute, 3-7

ong; ata translucent white, obovate-

spathulate, 2. 5-3 mm long, 0.8- sk 25 mm

obscurely ohesicaan

to saree n apcclats, usually with a minute , low

middle sie vee. er thirds; lip ifenh or white suffused

with orange, oblong, 2.5-5 mm long, 1-1.5 wide,

the disc with a tea of low, longitudinal calli, the

utely erose, cellular-glandular, the

base daily hinged beneath; column white,

semiterete, 2-3.75 mm long, the meee s than 1 mm

long, my a minute, mare eck exte

VENEZUELA: Yaracuy: El A to C i

7 km north of Salom, alt. 1250 m, 17 June 1972, J JA.

mi ic 106263 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype:

VEN); same collection, cultivated by G.C.K. Dun-

sterville at El Hatillo, 24 July, Fue C. Luer 8087

(SEL). Falcon: Sierra de San Lui. ar Carimagua,

alt. 7, ia oa C. Garcia s.n. sry Warsi reite 538

(holotype of M. pseudominuta: AMES); same collec-

tion, pacha by G.C.K. Denstecville 1286A at El

Hatillo, 27 July ee Cc. Luer 8109 (SEL); without

in cultivation, 4 Sept. 1981,

by B. Wiirstle 1241 ( (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 6451.

Masdevallia kyphonantha from the

coastal mountains of Venezuela is distin-

guished from its allies by narrowly linear

leaves; narrowly triangular free portions of

the sepals shorter than a variably arcuate

(kyphose) sepaline tube; and spathulate

petals obscurely lobed or notched at the

apex. The small callus below the middle

is sometimes obsolete. The oblong lip is

sulcate between a pair of longitudinal

calli. The margin of the rounded apex is

sometimes microscopically erose.

An illustration of this species was

identified as M. minuta in Venezuelan

Orchids Illustrated, Vol. 4. An illustration

of M. minuta has not been published in

Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated nor in The

Orchids of Venezuela Field Guide. Plate 568A. Masdevallia chee

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ee reece ee

ec NE att

5 cm

Plate 568. Masdevallia kyphonantha

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1109

Masdevallia lansbergii Rchb.f., Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 317, 1859.

Ety.: Named in honor of Reinhart van Lansbergen, Dutch traveler who collected orchids around

Caracas.

Syn.: Physosiphon lansbergii (Rchb.f.) L-O. Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 7: 138, 1939.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 6-10 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 2-6

cm long including an indistinct petiole, 4-6 mm wide. Inflorescence a pars diprnegs sagt . =

yellow pbeicsetd borne by an erect, slender peduncle 3-5 cm long, with a bract be

of the eae floral bract tubular, 5 mm long; pedicel 6-12 mm cette tints: 2- see mm fice

mga glabrot ep y g, concave, Al. 19 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate

to the lateral sepals for 6. t Pp yellowish,

thickened, narrowly aid narrowly obtuse to Subacute, 5-9 mm long, the lateral sepals connate 6.5

10 mm into a concave lamina, 3-5 mm wide expanded, ions yellowish, narrowly triangular,

narrowly obtuse to subacute, 5-9 mm long; petals teahcee white, membranous, linear-oblong,

spathulate, 2-2.5 mm mm long, 0. 5 mm wide, widest at the ‘tridentate-truncate cpt with a minute, obtuse

callus below tl labell y white. . oblong, 2.5-3

mm long, 1 mm wide, th i the middle with obt minutely

erose, to ‘cellular-glandu alar, the disc shallowl h e base hinged be sane column

white, semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot less than 1 mm long, with a minute, incurved ex

VENEZUELA: “‘Caracas,”’ R. van Lansbergen 4

G.C.K. Dunsterville 1351 ; same collectio

: b.

Steyermark, R. Liesner & hy Carefio joes (MO,

FRENCH GUIANA: Saiil Corradoni, alt. 50 m, 15

Mar. 1986, collector? 1350 (B).

Living plants of this Venezuelan spe-

cies were probably sent among many

others to Holland by van Lansbergen

about 1845. No doubt, plants were soon

cultivated in several gardens. It is the first

of the subsection to be described. The holotype consists of a small, crude drawing

of the plant with two flowers.

Vegetatively, M. lansbergii is one of the largest of the subsection with leaves up

to six centimeters long. The sepals are sometimes 19 mm long, but the average is

less. The free portions, about as long as the tube, are narrowly ovate. The slender,

membranous petals are diagnostic: broadest at the truncate-tridentate apex. small

callus near the middle is associated with a slight dilation of the margin. The oblong

lip is shallowly concave between marginal thickenings that end in obtuse,

angles above the middle. The rounded apex of the lip is minutely denticulate-erose.

1110 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1111

Masdevallia venezuelana Sweet, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 47, 1978.

Ety: Named for Venezuela, the country of origin.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect to suberect, 3-8 mm lon;

enclosed by 2-3 thin, close, tubular shea _ Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, 2.5-6 cm long achadiog

an indistinct petiole ca. 1 cm long, the blade narrowly obovate, subacute, 6-8 mm wide, gradually nar-

rowed below into the base. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect to suberec t pedun-

cle 3-10 cm long, with a ee above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 4-5 mm

ag PE cel 5-7 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals white, glabrous, connate 10 mm to about the mi

O a narrow, , cylindrical tube, 3c, dilated i dorsally below the middle, x ei at the orifice near the

sail P ge, e, the b lade 10 mm mm long,

2 ded te to the lateral sepals ‘for 10 0 mm, the free p portion suffused with orange,

thick, aisle elliptical, acute, — mm long, 2mm

narrowly ovoid synsepal, 10 mm long, 5 mm rtions suffused with orange,

thick, narrowly elliptical, acute, “ge mm long, 2.3 mm w wide; oad translucent ei oblong, 3 mm

long, 1 mm wide, dilated at the broadly obtuse apex, the labellar margin with a low, longitudinal callus

obtusely angled in the lower third; lip yellow, oblong, 3.75 mm long, 1.25 mm ci with obtuse mar-

ginal folds near the middle, the apex rounded, microscopically erase, the disc ice below the middle,

the base shallowly concave, truncate wit d; column greenish

white, semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

: Aragua: Forests of Rancho Grande,

alt. 1300 m, 11 Apr. 1937, H. Pittier 13966 —

ined

type: AMES; Isotype: US); same area,

G.C.K. Dunsterville ca. feed cultivated by H. Phil.

lips Jesup in Bristol, CT, 28 Mar. 1982, C. Luer 7406

(SEL); El Portachuelo between Maracay and Ocu-

mare. 8 peste 1925, H. Pitter 11820 | (AMES, er

(AMES); Parqué Nacional H lenry Pitti ttier, ridge above

Rancho Grande toward Pico Guacamayo, alt. 1500-

1700 m, 20 Oct. 1961, J.A. Steyermark 89793

(AMES, VEN). Sucre: Peninsula - Paria, east of

Cerro Humo, alt. 760-1000 m, 24 Feb. 1980, J.A

re gc R. Liesner & V. Carrefio 121757 (MO,

VEN).

This little species is apparently ende-

mic to the coastal mountains west of Cara-

cas where it was first collected by Henri

Pittier in 1925. Among several clones in

cultivation today, the large one described

and illustrated here is particularly fine. It

as been given several awards.

Slender peduncles bear fragrant, tubular flowers about as high as or higher than

the leaves. The narrow, orange, free portions of the sepals diverge from the orifice

of the white, constricted tube which is as long as the free portions. The petals are

spathulate with the dilated apex obtuse, and with a low keel on the labellar half

below the middle. The lip is oblong with a pair of obtuse calli at the middle, with

the apex rounded, and with the oblong basal half shallowly concave and sulcate.

Erroneously identified as Physosiphon lansbergii (Rchb.f.) L. O.Williams in Vene-

zuelan Orchids Illustrated, it was correctly identified in the field guide.

1112 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1113

MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS AMANDA

Masdevallia subgenus Amanda Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot, Gard. 16:

10, 1986.

Bas.: Masdevalli , Gard. Chron. n.s. 2: 290, 1874.

: Masdevallia amanda Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2: 115, 1854.

From the Latin amandus, “lovely,” referring to the pleasing flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia subsect. Amandae (Rchb-f.) Veitch, Man. Orchid. Pl. 5: 18, 1889.

Type: Masdevallia amanda Rchb.f. & Warsz.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Polystictae Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 32, 1925.

Type: Masdevallia polysticta Rchb.f.

Ety.: From the Greek polystictos, “with many dots,” referring to the spotted flowers.

This well-defined subgenus contains 28 species, the majority of which are found

in the Andes of Ecuador with a few species in adjacent southern Colombia and a

few species in adjacent northern Peru. One species, M. rafaeliana, is endemic in

Costa Rica. Many species are confined to a limited region, but others are more

widely distributed. Masdevallia amanda is relatively frequent in Ecuador, all three

cordilleras of Colombia, and westernmost Venezuela. One species, M. densiflora,

has not been recollected since its original discovery.

Some locally endemic, morphologically stable species are easily recognized

(e.g. M. chaetostoma, M. corazonica, M. dalstroemii, M. hydrae, M. porphyrea, M.

rafaeliana, M. staaliana, M. tentaculata and M. zygia), but distinguishing other

species is sometimes difficult, the most difficult being the variable M. polysticta and

its close allies (M. caloptera, M. lehmannii and M. pulcherrima) sometimes with

blurred boundaries.

Masdevallia alvaroi is intermediate between M. amanda and M. picturata of

subgenus Fissia. A hybrid origin was suspected when it was first discovered. Both

putative parents have subsequently been found near or in the original locality.

The flowers of some species of the single-flowered subgenus Fissia (e.g. M.

dynastes) are superficially similar to this subgenus, suggesting a not-too-distant

relationship. Subgenus Meleagris with successively flowered racemes and superfi-

cially similar flowers with free sepals is also suggestive of a not-too-distant rela-

tionship.

Vegetatively, the species of this subgenus are caespitose or shortly ascending,

and they vary from small to large in size. The leaves are petiolate. The proportion

of the length of the blade to petiole varies within a species, contrary to Kranzlin’s

assertion that the ratio is a good specific criterion. The racemes, loose or congested,

are nearly simultaneously-flowered, and borne by peduncles that are round in cross

section; the floral bracts are often more or less inflated; the ovaries are carinate or

crested; the sepals are caudate and variously connate into a shallow cup or arcuate-

cylindrical tube; the petals are callous on the labellar half, the margins are entire to

denticulate, and the shape of the apex, often apiculate, can vary within a species;

and the lip is more or less divided by marginal folds into a hypochile and a smaller

epichile. A delicate strap connects the base of the lip to the tip of the extension of

the column-foot, or just under the tip of the extension as in subgenus Meleagris.

Type

Ety.:

1114 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SUBGENUS AMANDA

Masdevallia abbreviata Rchb.f. Plates 571, 572.

Masdevallia Xalvaroi Luer & Escobar Plate 573.

Masdevallia amanda Rchb.f. & Warsz. Plate 574.

Masdevallia anceps Luer & Hirtz Plate 575

Masdevallia aureodactyla Luer = M. pachyura

Masdevallia biflora Regel, non Morren = M. caloptera

Masdevallia a: Plates 576, 577.

caloptera Rchbf. ............ Plate 578

Masdevallia calopterocarpa Rchb.f. = M. amanda

OS CE ee Plate 579.

Masdevallia corazonica | ae an Plates 580, 581.

dalstroemii Luer........... Plate 582.

Masdevallia delphina Luer........ pe eal Plate 583.

Masdevallia densiflora Schitr., no illustration availabl page 1124

Luer & Hirtz................. Plate 584.

Masdevallia graminea Luer....... Perera eb War 4 Plate 585.

Masdevallia gustavii Rchb.f. = M. amanda

; hiana Kraenzl. = M. polysticta

Masdevallia hydrae Luer

Op adiahebiamarct tS oeeY AOR Plate 586.

Masdevallia invenusta Luer = M. bulbo i

' = M. bulbophyllopsis

Masdevallia jubar Luer = M. tridens ae

lehmannii Rchb.f Plat

Bin BUS ribsraenentirieclsticet op. fos) ates 587, 588.

eerie Plate 589.

Masdevallia melanopus Rehb ff. ...........

Masd i. Plate 590.

Masdevallig oa i. = Meira bekiateccleseeecs 62) Plate 591.

Ova-avis ane loos ESET aa Plate 592.

M, lia Pachy ura thy yet ee ae a ae Plate 593.

asdevallia pachyura Subsp. leptoura = M. leptoura

Masdevallia polysticta Rehb-f. ......

Masdevalli TENSE ONE ice tac teeta ge ee ee Plates 594, 595.

1a polysticta var. crassi

Masdevallia Polysticta vena Rchbf. = M. pach

Masdevallia aan Pathliflia (Kraenzl.) Luer = M. polysticta

Masdevallia pozoi ne Stile pee ce ee Ne Pee aN Plate 596.

Masdevallia nie . ee Lent fee eee NC OC ibeheeeeL eS os Plate 597.

Masdevaliarafeelge ee, Plate 598.

Masdevallig if oe ereress M. wipe dasha tents Cee een P late 599.

i . amanda

Masdevallia 8 i. De nr ene Mba bes cee ceccg l= Plate 600.

Masdevallia spathulifotia ee Plate 601.

Masdevallin « Kraenzl. = M, polysticta

sphenopetala Kraenzl =M. corazonica

Masdevallia ; Fe ot tenet eneegreciseneccyeuc Plate 602.

tentaculata Luer

MER ee sc ccpas' eee OE Plate 603.

Masdevallia tridens Rchb f

Masdevallia Vittatula ae .. Roi eee aeeibesese cs, ci. Plate 604.

_ Masdevaltia | — ee Plate 605.

Masdevallia zypia Luer 2, vo amma Plates 606., 607

*P ee eenses: 1

eR eitiacdnnnee re eee ee a :

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1115

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1 Raceme 2-flowered 2

1’ Raceme usually with 3 or more flowers 5

2 Sepals ca. 20 mm long, exclusive of tails; lip callous without lateral folds.............

M. zygia

2’ Sepals less than 15 mm long, exclusive of tails; lip variable 3

3 Sepaline tails much longer than the blades M. alvaroi

3’ Sepaline tails equal to or shorter than the blades 4

4 Sepals ca. 10 mm long; lip divided by marginal folds.................:0000++ M. amanda

4’ Sepals ca. 6 mm long; lip with hypochile tall-bilamellate M. anceps

5 Flower more or less broadly or dorsally compressed; petals retuse; 5 Hp with tall

margins below the middle M. porphyrea

5” Not as above 6

6 Dorsal sepal connate below the middle to the lateral sepals into a sepaline cup.....

6’ Dorsal sepal connate above the middle to the lateral sepals into a sepaline tube. 34

7 Sepaline tails much shorter than the blades; petals not serrate........... M. rafaeliana

Fe sei tina tails nearly as long as or much longer ely the blades; petals paeelly

8 Raceme lax; sepaline tails shorter to slightly longer than the b 9

8’ Raceme congested or lax; sepaline tails distinctly longer than ro fees 15

9 Sepals white, each with : 2 ee SEPUIIOG rene civropctnnansechnstnomannciensdonrphess M. caloptera

9” Sepals not with 2 p 10

10 Sepals white with large, irregular, purple Spots...........-.-+sseese20+ M. pulcherrima

10’ Sepals not with large, irregular, purple spots 11

11 Sepaline tails thick, more or less Clavate...........---+-ssssessersrsrsserenenenses M. pachyura

1 i fe Sepaline tails slender 12

12 Sepals glabrous with small dots 13

12’ Sepals densely pubescent 14

13 Plant small, usually less than 10 cm tall; raceme 2- to 4-flowered.......M. amanda

13’ Plant robust, more than 10 cm tall; raceme 4- to 8-flowered............... M. leptoura

14 Inflorescence shorter than to as long as the leaf; sepals densely ey ana

14 po seep shor than the leaf; sepals with pubescence wih ot short eat

long tri imorphotricha

15 Sepals white, each with 2 purple sap Pe peta not Serrate..........-+--+++ M. uae

15’ Sepals not with 2 purple stripes; petals s

16 Raceme very congested, more or less transverse, less than 5 cm long...............- 17

16” Raceme lax to congested, erect to arcuate, more than 5 cm long 20

1116 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ails i juncti i M. sertula

ils of sepals thick, deflexed at the junction with the blade.................

Af Eos . pals slender, not deflexed 18

mcs yellow or yellow-white, sometimes dotted with red or purple....M. —

18° Sepals purplish or white, diffusely spotted with purple

M. ova-avis

19 Leaves 3-4.5 cm wide; dorsal sepal ca. 14 mm long ;

19” Leaves less than 2 cm wide; dorsal sepal ca. 7 mm long.................. M. densiflora

20 Dorsal sepal subacute; sepals shortly pubescent and diffusely and densely dotted

with red-purple within M. dalstroemii

20° Dorsal sepal obtuse to rounded; sepals not as above 21

21 Sepals white, or variously spotted with purple, no to sparsely pubescent... =

21” Sepals yellow, variously spotted with red or bro

22 Dorsal sepal rounded... M. Pepnicsi:

22’ Dorsal sepal ovate, subacute... M. segrex

23 tier » Shortly pubescent externally; epichile of lip not retor

Mie 8, shortly pubescent externally; ep Beh

whee 11-15 mm long, i slabro us: ; epichile of lip broader than hypochile.M. ond

3 Sealine tals very sere less than half as long as the blade 2

24° Sepaline tails least half as long as the blade or longer.

25 Mature leaves aS than 4 cm tall: petals minute, oblong, entire....M. microsiphon

25° Mature leaves 5-9 cm tall i , 27

TT ROPES SSC eSe Send aticvecses sc

SEURTOOUET ESTs eee ekeEeerees.

Dobe ee eran M. bulbophyllopsis

xp Sealine tails about as long as the blades... By

en 33

Raceme con, Oe TE ae Ne a em nT 29

i. z

29 39° Lillorescence less than 8 ne

scence more is, 0 a 'S entire... M. coraz

: oar — at the orifice, dilated below; lip with the Bese:

temineeg ip w with t h the epichil not wider than the nyc

eaneee

31 sorte ponies! ln han the blades... M. abbreviata

tails thic tie,

35, Pedicels short, rosso se

€qual to the floral bract..__ M. melanopi

Dene — ding the floral cera — M. xanthodactyla

| within............ M. chaetostoma

‘ot long ape eseemt within M. tentaculata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1117

Masdevallia abbreviata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 10: 106, 1878.

Ety.: From the Latin abbreviatus, “‘shortened,”’ poe inti to the smaller flowers.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, shortl g pitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

slender, erect, 1-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3-11 cm long

including the ores petiole 1-3.5 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-oblong, subacute, 0.7-2 cm

wide, gradually narrowed below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence 12-25 cm long, including a

simultaneously and ‘ete several-flowered, secund raceme up to 10 cm long, the peduncle slender,

with 2 distant bracts eee the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts ry 4-6 mm long, slight-

ly inflated; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary undulate-ribbed, 2 mm long; sepals white, with or without small

purple spots, Pagan the margins microscopically serrate, the aie Sesh obovate, concave, ee 10 mm

long, 5.5 -7 m paline

tube, d tracted into a sl ye Se eect. acne

sepals ovate-oblong, 6. 5-9 mm long, 2 ses mm wide, connate 2.5-4 mm, constricted above the dilated

dorsal se epal; petals white, thin, pyrene ic, 3- 3.75 mm long, 1-1.9 mm wide, the apex truncate,

more or less tridentate, microscopically denticulate, the labellar half with a low, narrow, longitudinal

callus; lip light yellow, oblong subpandurse, 4-5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide eae with oblique

ical-oblong, canaliculat te, th

3 ¢ ) , long d, the base

subtruncate, hi th d; colum rked with . semiterete, 2-3 mm long,

the foot oot equally ite witha short, thick, inct incurved extension.

PERU: Without collection data, possi ibly collected by

Roezl, imported and cultivated in Zurich, 10 May

1878, by Herr ae 108? (Holotype: W); cultivat-

ed June 1878 by Day s.n. (W); cultivated Jan. 1878

and 29 Apr. 1879, by Wm. Bull 234, 294, 295, 691,

692 (W); cultivated Jan. 1884 by Sande W).

B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui near eter “ Oct.

1979, C. Luer 4698 (SEL); between nT ant

Domingo, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected by

& A. Hirtz, cultivated at Paute, 16 May 1988, C.

west of Guaranda, alt. ca. 2800 m, collected Aug.

1978, cultivated by A. Andreetta, 29 Mar. agi MS

Luer 4050 (SEL). Loja: above

Zaruma and El

alt. 2000-2300 m, F.C. Lehmann 7018, ius (K).

west of Loja, cultivated by B. Malo at Tarqui,

May 1988, C. Luer 13678 (MO). Without locality,

cultivated at J&L Orchids, Easton, CT, 9 Nov. 1978,

C. Luer 2134, 2299 (SEL).

This species, found on the western

declivities of Ecuador and Peru, was first

collected i in northern Peru, probably by

Benedict Roezl about 1874. The identifi-

cation of the holotype is not clear, because

of haphazard mounting of fragments of

specimens and 10 sketches on five herbar-

ium sheets.

This species is distinguished by the

loose raceme of several, small, simultane-

ous, white flowers, variously dotted with

purple, and with slender, yellowish tails

longer than the blade. The petals are

variably oblong or obcuneate and apicu-

ate, with the margins more or less minute-

ly dentate at the apex. : Tee

Plate 571. Masdevallia abbreviata

1118 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

oer 4 dni bts th Dace

fe aero Ra ie 5 a al a LY la)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1119

ee Xalvaroi Luer & Escobar, Spd prem sr 13: 47, 1978.

amed in honor of Dr. Alvaro Arango M. of Medellin, Colombia, who discovered this taxon.

Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.5

to medium in size, ae-tiley caespitose; roots slender.

. Leaf coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 5-8 cm cm

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheath

long a an indistinct peonge 0. 8-1 cm wide, gradual

Inflorescence a distantly sp y 2-flowered (occasionally 1-flowered) raceme, with the

flowers ca. % cm apart, nae = a slender, erect peduncle 7-12 cm long, with a bract below the _—

from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5mm | long; pedicel green, — with —*

long; ovary 2 mm long, v with thick, te, spotted w meine

minu tely pu ubescent 1 p inut ately ili ith Pp elliptical, concave, 11 mm

long, 9 mm wide, te to the lat Is for 2 fe hort sepaline c cup, the ap Dex cbnase ‘0

rounded, abruptly contracted into a slender, green tail 20 m mm long, the lateral sepals ee 088

— pie mm long, 5 mm wide, connat the column -foo

ces a tails similar hat of the d ] ] tals pea dotted a

nc ri ong st margins, oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex tridentate, the labellar m. with a

low, longitudinal callus ending ina ——— prominence : above the base; lip ro brown, oblong-

ee = sel mm lone. 3 mm w ide, , the

apex column green, marked with purple, semiterete, 5 mm

long, nan ee 3 mm long, with a very y short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: coca et Rionegro, epiphytic in

forest between Don Diego and Rionegro, Alto de

Barahonda, alt. 2280 m, Feb. 1972, collected by A.

10 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1978 (Holotype: SEL); s

collection, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 17 pe

1988, C. Luer 13239 (MO).

Masdevallia Xalvaroi, without doubt,

is a naturally occurring hybrid between M.

picturata and M. amanda, both of which

are known to grow in the same area. The

habit and the inflorescence have characters

mid-way between the two.

The inflorescence is a distantly two-

flowered raceme, the ovaries are undulate-

ribbed, the white sepals with purple spots

are connate only basally, the tips of the

petals are tridentate, and the apex of the lip

is obtuse above marginal folds.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1120

Pe ee eT, ee ee

ne epee

a Ee Sta ae Be

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1121

Masdevallia amanda Rchb.f. & Warsz., —— - eh 1854.

Ety.: From the Latin amandus, “lovely,” referring t

Syn.: Masdevallia gustavii Rchb.f., Gard. Gard. Chron. n.s. 3: Pat os,

Ety.: Named in honor of Gustav Wallis, the p ee ee:

Syn.: Masdevallia calopterocarpa Rchb.f., Flora 69: 560, 1886.

Ety.; From the Greek kalopterocarpos, “pretty, winged fruit,” referring to the capsules.

Syn.: Masdevallia apenas Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 79, 1920.

Ety.: From the Greek oliganthos, ‘‘with few flowers,”’ referring to the few-flowered raceme.

Syn.: Masdevallia ede t nzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 415, 1921.

ot From the Latin sirens “with remote flowers,” referring to the raceme.

a | ws & +, Pn 4 rect, 1-

Rami

2.5 cm — enclosed oy 2-3 thin tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, sae 5-13 cm ic acs

ing the petiole 2-5 cm long, th , 1-2cm wide, the base cuneate into

a Inflorescence : a loosely few-flowered, tt

8-16 cm long genes the peduncle, with 1-2 bracts below the raceme, from low on the ramicaul; floral

bract inflated, 5 mm long; pedicel 3-5 mm long; ovary 2 mmm niong with 3 undulating crests; sepals get

br Tous, yellow to pale yellow greene or whitish,

ate, concave 10-11 mm ne I1- 12mm mm wide : expanded, connate en

the lat ] E se 4 ¢ - gaping cup, +h

yellow tail 6n mm 1 long, the letexal sepals clog, 12 mm long, o sp wide, connate 1.5 mm, the oblique

at of f the dors sepal; petals white, , often dotted with

purple, more or less oblong, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm peng

late above the middle, the labellar margin with a i A cals lip brown to orange, diffusely

dotted with red-brown, oblong-subpandurate, 6 mm long, 3 mm with obtuse marginal folds above

the middle, the epichile oblong, rounded, the sorter oblong spac the base truncate, cleft, hinged

below; column green with purple margins, semiterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long with a short,

incurved extension

COLOMBIA: without locality, Warszewicz s.n.

(Holotype: W); without locality, G. Wallis s.n

FE, 1851, L. Schlim 503 (BR, G, K, P, Ww); Alto de

Santa Inez, alt. 2150 m, 13 May 1984, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10347 (MO).

Santander: epiphytic in forest west of Velez, alt.

2500 m, 4 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar &

E. Valencia 10101 (MO). Bo: : between Arcabuco

and Moniquira, alt. 2500 m, 25 Apr. 1982, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Escobar & = oer ene 7534 (AMES, MO,

SEL). Antioquia: ‘Medellin,’ G. Wallis 243 (W,

type of M. ae 3 Alto del Poleal above

et al. 17686 (MO). Caqueta: een

ae alt. 1500 aa inp seg J. ee "3596 (BAS). Tolima: Rio Cabrera, alt. 2800 m, 10

Jan. peg 60 (BM, BR, G). Cauca: without locality, alt. 2400 m, M. Madero s.n. (holo-

type ha d t B); at P 4n. alt. 1740 m, 28 Jan. 1884, FC. Lehmann 3490

(BM, - = - above Popayan, 1700-2200 m, 1891, EC. Lehmann 7014 (AMES, G, K, LE, W); San

1122

Plate 574, Masdevallia amanda

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1123

Antonio, ee José,” alt. 2400-2700 m, 28 June 1922, FW. Pennell 7293, 7589 (AMES, K, US); El

Tambo, alt. 2200 m, 27 Jan. 1976, T.:C. Plowman & D. Vaughn 5332 (AMES); sap nigh coat nagpbae at

La Canby M. eho Robledo, 11 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1987 (SEL). Cundinamarca: betw

900 m, 20 June 1941, J. Renz 358] (BAS); San Miguel, alt. 2800 m, 3 ec ote tp

ts ap pe San Miguel near Sibaté, * 2000-2900 m, 11 Oct. 1948, M. Schneider 233 (S).

0: Tiiquerres, 000 m, 1894, EC.

: Tachira: around Las Delicias on way to Regonbalia, alt. 1900 m, 31 May 1951, J. Renz

Sie hee

R: Carchi: terrestrial on th Maldonado and Tulcan, alt. 2000 m,

a Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Rand nanigh ero Sucumbios: terrestrial on the road embankment south-

east of El Carmelo, alt. 2050 m, 17 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6297 ear epiphytic bet-

ween El Carmelo and La Bonita, alt. napteenestes 11 Apr. 1979, B. Lgjtnant, U. Mi ‘adison

12227 (AAU). Morona-Santiago: Valle del Paute, alt. 2200 m, collected by A byorscel & M. Portilla,

cultivated at Paute, 16 May 1988, C. Luer 13368 (MO).

This species is frequent and widely distributed from western Venezuela, through

all three cordilleras of Colombia, and less frequent as far as southern Ecuador. It

occurs terrestrially on road embankments. In spite of its having been collect-

ed on several occasions before Miss Woolward produced her monograph (1892-

1896), no plant was in cultivation in England for her to paint its

Masdevallia amanda is variable in the size and color of the flowers, and in the

lengths of the inflorescences, from short to elongate, depending upon the habitat,

but the plants are usually small. Most often, the racemes are loosely two- to four-

flowered, but sometimes as many as seven or eight flowers are present. Depauper-

ate plants may produce only one flower.

The sepals of the simultaneous, cupped flowers are variously marked with dots

and transverse dashes or bars. The tails are slender and about as long as the blades.

The petals are serrate and apiculate. The lip is divided by marginal folds into a

round epichile and an oblong hypochile. The flowers are very similar to those of

the robust M. leptoura, which could be conceived as a vigorous, austral variation of

. amanda.

Masdevallia densiflora was described from a collection by Madera from Cauca

in Colombia. Today, only two species of subgenus Amanda are known from

Colombia: M. amanda and M. vittatula. Schlechter’s description and drawing

approach the former, but the congested, seven- to nine-flowered raceme seems to

eliminate the possibility of its being M. amanda

1124 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Masdevallia densiflora

One of the reasons that subgenus Amanda had been delayed until Part-5 of

Systematics of evalli the hope that M. densiflora would be rediscovered.

It was described by Schlechter in 1920 from a collection by the mysterious Madero,

a collector in Cauca in southern Colombia. All Madero’s collections were lost in

the destruction of the Berlin-Dahlem herbarium in 1944. No duplicate material is

known, and no known subsequent collection matches the description. The follow-

ing descripti de from Schlechter’s published description and drawing.

Masdevallia densiflora Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 77, 1920.

Ety.: From the Latin densiflorus, “densely flowered,” referring to the raceme.

Plant

¢a. 1 cm long, enclosed by close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect coriaceous, lon

» : . : , long-petiolate, the blade

oblong-ligulate, 6-6.5 cm long, 1.8 cm wide near the middle, gradually narrowed below into a petiole 4

simultaneously 7- to 9-flowered raceme, with the rachis

+35 cm long, borne by an erect to suberect peduncle ca. 9 cm long; floral bracts broadly ovate, acu-

er 5mm bine sos sparred ger than the pedicel, estimated 3 mm long; pedicel and ovary togeth-

‘undulating crests, estimated 2 : ium in si als

densely dated or spted with purple connate 35 mm into a tube tars resaly cor sheped aie tee

(oa a9 VivVauly Uy

at the 4.

free part ; ri 3 P

margins withi E blong, estimated to be subacute, papillose

wing oblon; hl og sy long, 3-veined, with a filiform tail 23 mm long, the lateral sepals 3-

long-picala slighth con i as the dorsal sepal, but distinctly narrower; petals obliquely oblong,

@ longitudinal carina above the coe _ ay 4 mm long, 1-veined, with subcrenulate margins, with

folds, 5 mm long. Sues the — margin; lip abruptly constricted above the middle by marginal

epichile di obovate, the raha econ toward the apex, the hypochile oblong-quadrate, the

Stigma, 4 mm long, with an i Subcordate, hinged beneath; coh berect, slightly dilated by the

with an incurved foot 3.5 mm, the clinandrium slightly crenulate.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: alt. 2100 m, M. Madero «n eo arith

Thi ie heateces:

ing hear abe os ed by a small, slender habit with a raceme exceed-

wide: sere half the length Of the leaf, which is less than two centimeters

ed with seven to s ea as being three and a half centimeters long and crowd-

nine diffusely purple-spotted flowers. This immediately suggests

: plants of the latter are much larger with broad, pe-

Owl = considerably larger. Schlechter’s drawing of the

; shows the petal with an elongated, acute, triangular

apex, whi : gated, acute, triang

M. mae ae a ne eration of the apiculum seen in either M. amanda ot

avis. that M. densiflora is a depauperate collection of M. ova-

Masdevalli ;

vallia a differs from M. densiflora in the loose, few-flowered

as in M. caloptera, and ent; < differs with smaller flowers with two-striped sepals

instead of serrate p

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1125

Masdevallia anceps Luer & aetics Novon 1: 165, 1991.

Ety.: From the Latin anceps, ‘‘two-headed,” referring to the two-flowered inflorescence.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots a Ramicauls slender, erect, 10-14 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly co’ us, long-petiolate, 2. oe cm tg pci

ing the 1-2 cm long petiole, the blade narrowly elliptical, subs subacute, *» 3-4 mm wi ide, th

cuneate into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a he faawees 1 a

apart, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 2-2.5 cm long, with a ‘bract above the base, pada low on the

ramicaul; floral ee inflated, 2.5-3 mm long; oh see 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm tt with 6

crests; sepals pale yellow with small, red spots ziebeoee; sy margins minut ely erose, the dorsal sepal

obovate, concave, 6 mm long, 4 mm ate to the lateral to form a

sepaline cup, the apex obtuse, contracted into straight, — forward tail 4 mm long, the lateral sepals

winBirets a 5. 5 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, connate 2

the c

p tails 4 mm long; petals ' white, oblong, 2.25 mm

long, : "25% mm wide, th tridentate, th rein i bagi with a longitudinal carina within

the labellar margin; lip white, suffused mm lon

wide unexpanded, the sides rigidly erect, terminating abruptly as a pair of lamellae on the distal third,

apex ovate, acute, with undulate margins, the disc shallowly —— the base subcordate, hinged

ben oak: column stout, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, with a stout foot 2 mm

ECUADOR: Sucumbios: epiphytic in forest above

La Bonita, alt. 2000 m, Feb. 1991, A. Hirtz 5148

(Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 15272. Without

collection data, F.C. Le 15

Masdevallia anceps and M. microsi-

phon are the smallest members of the

subgenus. Masdevallia amanda, M. zygia,

and this species are the only three mem-

bers of the subgenus Amanda found on the

eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes.

Masdevallia anceps is characterized by the

tiny, narrow, long-petiolate leaves less

than four millimeters wide; a distantly

two-flowered raceme; and blades of the

sepals only about six millimeters long with

shorter, stout tails.

Superficially similar to a depauperate

M. amanda, and apparently endemic on

the eastern slope of northernmost Ecuador,

M. anceps is most closely allied to M.

abbreviata that occurs widely distributed

on the western slopes of Ecuador

Peru. It differs from both M. abbreviata and M. amanda in the very much smaller,

weak habit, and twice smaller flowers with short, thicker tails. The sepals of M.

microsiphon are tailless and deeply connate into a tube.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1126

Plate 575. Masdevallia anceps

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1127

Masdevallia bulbophyllopsis Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 412,

et. Pee ets : 4 Pa

1921.

Ety.: — for the genus Bulbophyllum Thouars in g y to

Masdevallia invenusta Luer, Phytologia 44: 166, 1979.

Ba. From the Latin invenustus, ‘not sti sayics — to the drab little flowers.

the rhizam

slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long, Ri i: 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coria-

ceous, nae cm on including the petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1-1.5 cm

wide, gradually narrowed below into the indistin tinctly petiolate | base. Inflorescence an erect, lax, se

1 As. 1

raceme of 4-6 simultaneous flowers, 10-2 th 2

distant bracts, from fl thin, tubular, 4-5 mm long; pedicel 3-5 mm fine:

sepals greenish white to yellowish white, often dotted with red, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, con-

cave, 6-8 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 4-6 mm to form a curved, cylindri-

cal, sepaline tube, the free portion 3.5-5 mm long, yellow, thickened, more or less terete, obs, the

— — oblong, 8-11 mm long including the free, thickened, obtuse, yellow, apical porti on-

mm into a concave Somer 3-5 mm wide expanded; petals — om, , oblong me sna

2.53.5 mm log, 1-13 mam te with g

less serrate, with a itudi h llow dotted with red

oblong, 3-3. 31 mm long, 1 mm wide, the sides wah low, , ginal calli with ill-defined marginal folds

. hinged on the end;

column light green, more or less marked with purple, semiterete, 2.5-3 mm long, the foot short, with a

short, thick, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Loja: near El Cisne, alt. 2600-2700 m, aa ae

probably F.C. Lehmann s.n. (Holotype: W); Loja, is pe

alt. 2300-2500 m, Sept. 1876, FC. Lehmann 7012 d \

(AMES, ea re 2300-2500 m, E. André 4344 i ay H

( 2000 m, collected by B. Malo, i od ee!

exiteadial Tease near Cuenca, 16 July 1977, C. Luer a Z _—

1720, 1750 (SEL); same area, Las Chinchas, alt. ; if

2000-2200 m, collected by W. Teague, cultivated in San F

Francisco, CA., 26 Dec. 1982, R. Escobar 2524 2

); Same area, Ses ssc eg alt. 1800 m, collect- ML

ed by A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 16 a. rn

May 1988, C. Gel 13392 (MO). .

This species is confined to the damp,

forested ravines of semi-arid, southwestern

Ecuador. It is characterized by a loose

raceme of several small, white, tubular

flowers with short, thick, yellowish

“‘tails.”” Plants with longer, slenderer

apices of the sepals seem to grade into M.

M. melanopus and M. abbreviata, and

plants with smaller flowers and shorter

tails seem to grade into M. delphina, all of

which are sympatric in southwestern

Ecuador.

The petals of M. bulbophyllopsis are

usually tridentate, but merely acute in the

plant described as M. invenusta, but

otherwise the two concepts are too similar

to separate. Variable petals are commonly

seen in related species. The lip is shallow-

ly channeled between a pair of longitudin-

al calli that form indistinct, marginal folds.

Plate 576. Masdevallia bulbophyllopsis

1128 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

“iste S77. Masdevalia bulbophyllopsis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1129

Masdevallia caloptera Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 1: 338; et 2: 322, 1874.

Ety.: From the Greek kalopteron, “‘a beautiful wing,” referring to the prettily colored

Syn.: Masdevallia ote Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 306, 1890; et Gartenflora

40: 90, t. 1341, fig. 2, 1981, non Morren 1873.

Ety.: From the Latin ae “two-flowered,” referring to the two flowered raceme

Plan m in size, epiphytic, caespitose, the rhi ] Ramica

slender, 1.5-3 cm long, iad by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-11 cm long sacle

the petiole si long, the blade rust a ae sam 1.2-1.8 cm — gradually narrowed below

into the petiolate base. Inflo imultaneously several-flowered raceme of up to 6

flowers, 13- 18 cm tall a the slender p peduncle 8-10 cm i long, with a bract near the middle and

another near the base, from lo inflated, enclosing the _ and

ovary, ovate, 5-7 m ds tong, 465 chin wien ak panded; pedicel 2-4 ma to ng; ovary spotted th purple,

biota -winged, 2-3 mm long; sepals white, each with 2 prominent, purple veins, pikes. the free

margins minutely erose, the dorsal sepal si suborbicular, SORERYE, 9-10 mm long, 8 mm wide expanded,

, the rounded free

ly contracted into = slender, faint tail es 9 mm long, the. lateral sepals elliptical, Lig ud —_ ng, 3.5 mm

wide, concave basally an ate 1-2 m m long, simi-

lar to that ~ the dorsal aie i: petals ion oe white, marked \ ith pu ple, elli - i Bgneens e to oblong,

3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, th te apiculum, the

margins serrate, with a longitudinal callus along the lower 1 - margin; lip yellow to orange, marked with

purple, oblong-pandurate, 4.25 mm long, 2 mm wi a al se a “4

epichile rounded, convex, the asm oblong, wie cordate base, hinged ben eath;

ina ee — purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot stout, 2 mm long, with a et thick, i in-

urved e

PERU: “northern Peru,’’ without more specific

locality, B. Roezl s.n. (Lectotype here designated: W

clonotype via Ortgies: K). Piura patina in

ica

KGniger), cultivated by K®oniger in Munich, 5 Sept.

1981, C. Luer 6456 (SEL); above Canchaque, alt.

m, 21 Feb. 1988, D. Bennett & A

cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 9 Nov.

977, C. Luer 2133 (SEL). Without collection data,

flowered in cultivation at St. Petersburg, Regel s.n.

(holotype of M. biflora: LE).

This species, long familiar to hobby-

ists, is apparently confined to the moun-

tains of northern Peru where it was first

collected by Roezl. Only one poor flower

is present on the type-sheet at W, but a

reasonably recognizable colored illustra-

tion by Reichenbach is present. The

species is not found in southwestern

Ecuador where so many related species of

the subgenus intermix. A similar species

with white, purple-striped flowers, M. vittatula, is found in Colombia asl Ecuador.

Vegetatively, M. caloptera is not distinctive. The lax, several-flowered raceme

surpasses the leaves. Except for being minutely ciliate-erose, the sepals are gla-

brous and snow white with a pair of purple stripes on each. The deeply concave

dorsal sepal is proportionately much larger than the lateral sepals. The tails ar

yellow and about as long as the blade. The petals are elliptical-obovate with ae

margins of both sides serrate, and with the tip tridentate. The divided lip is basical-

ly similar to that of most other species of the subgenus.

1130 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1131

Masdevallia chaetostoma Luer, Phytologia 39: 192, 1978.

Ety.: From the Greek chaete, “‘long hair,’’ and stoma, “‘a mouth or opening,”’ in reference to the

Plant small, hytic to t ial it lender. Ramicauls slender, 6-10 mm long,

“pipes by 2-3 loo oose, tubular sheath . Leaf ere coriaceous, narrowly os obtuse to subacute,

-4cm long including an ill-defined petiole 1- n 5 cm long, 0.7-1.1 cm wide, narrowly

'y few-flowered, subsecund raceme of 4-7 simul-

taneous flowers, 9-10 cm tall including the slender peduncle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract

nose, oblique, 3 mm | long; Pe 1 wes long; ovary pein mm bea with undulate wings; _— white,

e, 7 mm long, 3 to the

¥ illous

lateral sepals fo for 5 fi ed, cylir , th rtion broadly 1 a the obtuse

d, filiform t il 10-12 mm long, the lateral sepals obo-

vate, oblique, 6 mm long, connate 3.5 mam, 4 mm wide together expanded, forming a prominent mentum

at the base with the column-foot, th to that of the dorsal sepal;

petals translucent white erin oblong, 2mm long, 0.3 mm" wide, eereenes denticulate at the trun-

cate Ee slightly di margin near lip red-purple, elliptical, 2.75 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, the broadly y ded sid berect, the apex broadly rounded, minutely irregular,

recurved retuse, I it h, the disc with a pair of transverse, rounded lamellae

above the middle; column greenish white, semiterete, 2 mm long, with a curved foot 1 mm long.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: terrestrial on the road em-

bank t Quit d Chirib alt. 2500 m

December 1973, collected by B. Malo, cultivated at

sak et 15 July 1977, C. Luer 1709 (Holotype: SEL):

above Tandapi, alt. “3400 m, Dec. 1984, A. Hirtz 2175

(MO); above Tandapi, alt. 2000 m, 1991, A. Hirtz

5123 (MO); re: Silante, western slope of Corazén,

alt. 8,500 ft., Aug. 1877, EC. Lehmann 33 (W); same

locality, alt. 2400 m, 14 Jan. 1884, FC. Lehmann

(K).

This little species is locally abundant

in a small region of cloud forest on the

western slopes of the province of

Pichincha, where the first known collec-

tion was made by Lehmann in 1884. A

painting by Lehmann (346) erroneously

labeled M. anachaeta, but probably of this

species, is deposited at Kew.

The tufts of tiny leaves often produce

numerous racemes held well above the

blades. The little, white, arcuate-tubular

flowers, long-pubescent within, produce

long, straight, slender tails. The lateral

folds of the lip are modified into a pair of

transverse flaplike lamellae.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1132

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1133

Masdevallia corazonica Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. — die Beih. 8: 48, 1921.

Ety.: Named for Mt. Coraz6n, on whose flank this species was c

Syn.: Masdevallia sphenopetala Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. 2 8 Beih. 34: 41, 1

Ety.: From the Greek SA pero “a wedge-shaped petal,” doubtlessly referring to i shape of

a petal in a reconstitu

1 4a

PI small to very small, e Ramicauls erect, slender,

fasciculated, 3-20 mm bite oh a by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous,

petiolate, 2-6 cm long prin so Lape 1-2.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, 5-10 mm wide, narrowly

cuneate below into the slender few

long borne by a slender, erect roscts 2-7 cm long, with a close bract below the middle, from low on

the ramicaul; floral bract inflated, 3-4 mm long; pedicel 1-4 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long, with 3

undulate avi sepals cream cream ly White, sometimes lightly spotted | with purple, glabrous, occasionally sparse-

ly pubesc g, concave, 5- 9mm long, 3-5 mm wide,

te to th Is fi 4 45 fe cylind tt round with minutely

erose marg tracted int d pachepiteal ned eampcbntgente ateral sepals

obovate, o oblique, 5- 9 mm a7 2 3 mm wide, connate 3- = H mm, constricted below the middle, the bases

dilated to form a mentum below the column -fo Me

acute apices contracted into slender tails 2.5-12 mm

long; ps meee 20 get — oblong, 2-2.5 mm

long, 0. wide, apex truncate, apiculsie

to ae the rate 5? eg minimally callous, with a

slight dilatation above the base; lip yellow, more or

1.75 mm wide, the ‘sides erect, broadly rounded, the

low pair of Tousen es the truncate base

notched, hin n the white, semiter-

ae, 2-2.5 mm i the ca ak long sis a stout,

incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: in forests on the western

slopes of Mt. Coraz6n, alt. 2500 m, Jan. 1878, A.

Sodiro s.n. se 7B); forests near Silanti on the

western slopes of Mt. Corazén, alt. 2000-2300 m

F.C. Lehmann poke (holotype of M. sphenopetala:

977, CL Luer

area, alt. 1950 m, 31 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dal-

strém, T. Héijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9834 (MO).

Bolivar: cloud forest west of G da, alt 3100 m,

26 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. niee m, T. Héijer, J.

Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9739 (MO); prey forest Sic

Chillanes, alt. 2300 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S.

Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9704 (MO).

This little species is endemic and

rather frequent in the forests of west-

central Ecuador. Always small, it is still

variable in size vegetatively and florally.

The raceme of little yellowish, broadly

tubular flowers is crowded and more or

less distichous at the apex of a slender

peduncle. The tiny, translucent petals are

tridentate at the apex. The distinctive lip

is arcuate and conduplicate with erect

margins below the broadly obtuse apex. Do ase aA

¥ _ Plate 580. Masdevallia corazonica

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1134

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1135

Masdevallia dalstroemii Luer, Orchideer 5: sub 194, 1984.

Etyv.: Named inh

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, sical it lend Ramic auls slender, 3-4.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec rect, coriaceous, 9-13 cm long including the petiole

as cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, ns 2- 3.3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate polow ame = —

iole.

several ya

siete suberect ea 69 cm ~ with a bract below the middle, from low on the sao “floral

bract inflated, 3 mm long; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long, with lightly undulate wings; sepals

dull = red and uepioe Sa dotted with red-purple, minutely pubescent seed and internally, the

margin utel , the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, 12-13 mm long, 8 mm expanded,

to the iste sepals for 3.5 mm to form a gaping, ee cup, the subacute a sees contracted into a

yellow, clavate tail dotted with purple, 15 mm long, apex, Is ellip-

tical, 12-13 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm, th tracted into tail to that

of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm w ide, the truncate apex pron tri-

dentate, the margins serrulate, the labellar half = a longitudinal carina; lip light tan with brown dots,

oblong-subpandurate, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, lightly constricted in the distal quarter with the apex

rounded, convex, revolute, the truncate - hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the

foot thick with a short, incurved extensio’

R: Bolivar: epiphytic in cloud forest —

7 sen alt. 2650 m, 25 eve 1984, C. Luer,

Hoéijer, J. Kuijt, & A. Hirtz pes

fed ear 0h, at the pass asi of Chillanes, alt.

2800 m, 11 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrim & L. Arnby 1337

(MO).

This handsome species is apparently

endemic in west-central Ecuador where it

has been found on only a few occasions

since its discovery by Stig Dalstrém in

1984. It was first found in a humid, for-

ested pass in the company of numerous

other orchids. Several showy, diffusely

purple-dotted flowers are borne simulta-

neously in a loose raceme. It is distin-

guished from other members of the subge-

nus by the short pubescence on both the

outer and inner surfaces of the sepals, and

a narrow dorsal sepal with an erect,

slender tail. Both margins of the petals are

serrate below the tridentate apex. The

apex of the lip is broadly rounded, convex

and recurved beyond a slight constriction.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1136

Plate 582. Masdevallia dalstroemii

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1137

a delphina Luer, Phytologia 39: 194, 1978.

rom the Latin aa yeig _ delphos), ‘a dolphin or porpoise,’’ in allusion to the resem-

ge ee of the flower to the head of a dolphin.

Plant small, epiphytic, ascending-caespitose; ast slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, = 8 cm long including the petiole

1.5-3 cm long, 0. a 1.4cm wide, the blade narrowly cllipeeal. subac ly narrowed below into

the — patie, Inflorescence an erect, se sae ah pans several- lowered

with 1-2 bracts, from lo ramicaul; fl

can thin, tubular, 3-4 mm long; sian Pista mm sais ovary 1-2 mm long, weet carinate; she

lavender, suffused and dotted with purple, — eprateg te shortly sgnnemy within above the

mucktle, the cet sepa oblong-obovate, cones e, 5-8.5 ong, 4 mm wide expanded, co nnate to pai

ligh rice arcuate tube d

ovoid, yellow to porplich tail 2-2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wi ide, 1 mm thick, the lateral sepals connate 25.3.5 5

mm into an oblong, concave, bifid lamina 46m mm ing, * mm wide expanded, arin a mentum with

the column-foot belo ow um, the obtuse

I imilar to that of the dorsal sep 1; petals translucent white _— a few

purple spots, oblong, 2.5 mm “ts 0.6 mm wide, the apex variabl he labellar

margin with a thin, longitudinal callus; ha purple to white marked with purple, aiingaitaiae uriform,

2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.1-1.5 mm wide above Sumiwhig with a Pair of marginal, ¢ obtusel y angled 1 folds near

the middle, the — suborbicular, with undul

erect, rounded sides th; column red to peenish white suffused with

purple, semiterete, 2-3 mm long, the foot 1 5-2 mm yaa with a short, incurved ex

ECUADOR: Loja: western slopes of the Cordillera,

Mindo Pi Puerto tke ito, alt. 1600 m, 13 Mar. 1982,

. Luer, A. Hirtz & S. Dalstriém 7339 (SEL

This little species occurs sciimcelatuns

in forests of western and southwestern

Ecuador. It is characterized by the loose,

several-flowered raceme of little, tubular

flowers constricted near the middle and

more or less inflated on either side of the

constriction. The tails are short, thick and

terete, vaguely giving the impression of a

e-nosed dolphin.

Masdevallia delphina is related to the

larger M. bulbophyllopsis with a cylindri-

cal sepaline tube with similar but larger

and thicker sepaline “‘tails.’’ The petals

are tridentate at the apex. The epichile of

the lip is undulate and rounded, broader

than the hypochile

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1138

;

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1139

Masdevallia di I I & Hirtz, Lindleyana 10: 117, 1995.

Ety.: From the seals diorpheice. phar two kinds of hairs,”’ referring to the pubescence.

Plant medium in size — lender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin tubular eaths. Leal ere “se coriaceous, petiolate, 8 cm long including the petiole 2

cm long, the blade lpia obtuse, 2.3 c the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence an

rect to suberect, loosely few-flowered raceme ae 3-4 flowers, 2 often mature simultaneously, 13cm

on including the peduncle 10-11.5 cm long, with 1-2 bracts below the raceme, from low on the rami-

caul; floral bract inflated, 5 mm n long; pedicel 3-4 mm long; ovary crested, 1.5 mm long, 2 mm broad;

sepals red-purple diffusely short-pubescent within with scattered

longer hairs, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate, concave, 101 mm long, 8 8 mm wide expanded, connate to the

jnmirimet cont. tail ©.

11 mm long, thickened in the distal third, the lateral Is obl g, oblique, ctr no. peace

light yellow, more or or less ane. oblique, pce 4.5 mm long, 1. 8 mm wide, the apex t tridentate-

ates with the middle tooth the largest, both margins denticulate above the middle, the labellar

gin — a longinadinal carina, ending above the claw; lip dark purple, oblong- 1 rangers urate, 5 mm ——

2mm w obtuse, wicellions with

the ‘ihabinn decurved, the hypochile oblong with the base truncate, shallowly cleft, hinged below;

column light y eng , semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 4 mm long, broadly concave at the tip with a short,

incurved extensio:

ECUADOR: Azuay: Chaucha, b

Molleturo, alt. 2500-2700 m, collected Feb. 1993 by

C. Luer illustr. 17275; between Sol

alt. 2000 m, Feb. 1995, A. Hirtz 61

Plants of this species were found grow-

ing with M. staaliana in a valley that

recently has become accessible with a new

road southwest of Cuenca. It is closely

allied to M. staaliana, but it differs from

the latter with a taller inflorescence, the

peduncle being longer than the leaf. Th

peduncle of M. staaliana is considerably

shorter than the leaf. The sepals of M.

dimorphotricha are deep purple, orange

toward the base, glabrous externally, and

with tails thickened in the distal half.

Within, the sepals are covered by a dense,

short pubescence from which emerge

scattered, larger and longer hairs. The

petals and lip of the two concepts do not

differ significantly, except for the deep purple color of the lip of M. dimorphotricha.

In cultivation the plants of each species flower simultaneously at different times of

the year.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1140

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1141

Masdevallia grenine: oun grin 42: 460, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin g Cen to the — of the aia

all t di i th

Rami-

cauls sie erect, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect,

coriac S, petio olate, 6-12 cm long including the pe tiole 2.5-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1-2

m wi tiole. Inflorescence a congested, simultaneously

several-flow ered raceme, up to 3 cm long with up to 8 flowers, borne by an erect, slender peduncle, 12-

23 cm long including the raceme, with 2-3 close but distant tubular bracts, from low on the ramicaul;

floral bract thin, 2-3 mm long; pedicel 1.5-2 mm long; ovary green with purple dots, 1.5 mm long,

without wings; sepals greenish to yellowish white with infrequent brownish dots, glabrous, the dorsal

sepal oblong, concave, 10 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 7 mm to form an

arcuate, sepaline tube, the triangular, free portion with minut 6 erose margins, the obtuse apex contract-

1 ho 1 1 .=

ed into a slender, greenish tail S- 8 mm long, oft ple, the lat pal te, oblique,

9 mm long, 3 mm wide, t fold at h ded with

the column-foot, th di ils si hat of the d

] sepal; petals trans-

crime bibsiaia marked with purple, oblong-cuneate, 2. Ps mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex subtruncate-

retu dentate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal

carina, thicker toward the base; lip whit, marked with purple, rigidly arcuate, — a

or |

termin ded, the b dat d on the end; column cue pes 25

mm <n the foot equally long with a thick, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Chimborazo: epiphytic in cloud forest

near Pagma, alt. 2800-3000 m, nt elas collected

by Walter Teague, cultivated in San F 0, CA, 15

Dec. 1978, C. Luer 3645 (SEL). Bolivar: cutblnvte

in cloud forest between Guaranda and Balzapamba,

if ne a. 2500 m, Aug. 1978, collected by A. Andreet-

A. Hirtz, C. Luer & J. Luer, cultivated by A. Andreetta

in in Cuenca, 1 Feb. 1979, C. Luer 3962 sages ‘eee

ee ar. 1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, S. uhipie T. Hoijer

& J. rey 9717 (MO); south of Chillanes, alt. 2400

pod 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al.

15000A (M

Masdevallia graminea is apparently

restricted to the high cloud forests of

southwestern Ecuador where it is infre-

quent. It is distinguished from the other

members of the subgenus by the congested

inflorescence of light green flowers borne

by a long, slender peduncle, imparting a

vague impression of a grass. The sepaline

tube is arcuate, acutely deflexed above the

mentum and with short, forwardly point-

ing tails. The petals are denticulate, and

the lip is arcuate with erect margins below

the middle.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1142

Plate 585. Masdevallia graminea

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1143

Masdevallia hydrae Luer, Phytologia 46: 351, 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin hydrae, ‘fresh water polyps, or hydrae,”’ in allusion to the appearance of the

flowers

nt small, epiphytic ding it lender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, petiolate, 4-9 cm = including the

petiole 2-3.5 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, 0.6-1 cm wide, gradually nar-

rowed below into the slender T petio tiole. Inflorescence a loose, si imultaneously aay laste

raceme up to 5 cm long, 12 erect peduncle, with 2 —— bracts, from

low on the ramicaul; floral bracts 4-5 mm long; ; pedi cel 14-5 mm long; ovary dotted with purple, 2 mm

long, lightly costate; sepals li; y along the veins, princes ternal-

ght green,

ly, sparsely —— within, the dorsal sehiepiee oblong, concave, 7 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate to

the lateral sepals for 6 mm to form an urceolate, sepaline tube, the free portion cater triangular,

preries apex contracted sarah a7 mm long, anne purple-dotted tail, the lateral sepals, elliptical,

6.5 mm long, connate 5 im wide, constricted above the base forming a

mentum below the column-foot, the subacut g ilar to that of the

th 1

lightly

callous; lip green, heavily marked with ioe i art arcuate, 3. 5 mm long, 1 1 ce mm wide, with

the erect margin pichile flabellate

x, verrucose, the apex rounded, erose, the base ‘subcordate, hinged on an ac column green,

th purple, semiterete, 3 mm long, the foot thick, equally as long with a short, thick, incurved

spo!

ene

ECUADOR: Loja: epiphytic in cloud forests of the

western slopes of the cordillera, alt. 2000 m, Dec.

1974, collected Mi B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui near

16 July 1977, C. Luer 1717 (Holotype:

SEL); Gecldeus de Loja, alt. 2000 m, collected by

A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 24

2000, L. Jost 1830 (MO). Bolivar: epiphytic i in

cloud forest west of Guaranda, alt. 2700 m, Aug.

1978, collected by A. Andreetta, A. Hirtz, J. Luer &

C. Luer, cultivated by A. Andreetta in Cuenca, 11

Feb. 1979, C. Luer 3964 (SEL

This small species grows sympatrically

~ several other species of the subgenus

damp, wooded valleys of southwest-

em coeue From the other members of

the subgenus, it is distinguished by the

several, distant, tubular flowers dotted

with purple and with slender tails diverg-

ing from the constricted orifice of the tube,

suggesting the tentacles surrounding the

mouth of a hydra. A few long hairs are

present within. The petals are narrowly oblong and entire. The apex of the lip is

broadly flabellate and decurved below crested margins of the calli from the hy-

pochile.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1144

Plate 586. Masdevallia hydrae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1145

—a lehmannii Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 8: 38, 1877.

.: Named in honor of F.C. Lehmann, German consul at Popaydn, Colombia, who discovered this

wap as well as numerous ores

Di A; vtic th vie md 7 A. Rami-

-_ erect, stout, 2-4.5 mm ee — by 2-3 loose, tubular sh eaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coria-

us, petiolate, 10-18 cm long including the petiole 3-6 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 2.5-3.5 cm

aid, cuneate below into the channeled petiole. Inflorescence a subsecund, densely and simultaneously

many-flowered raceme up to 10 cm long, of " to 15 flowers, borne by a slender, suberect peduncle up to

20 mm long, with 2 distant bracts, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts inflated, 4-6 mm —~ pedicel

2-4 mm long; ovary green, dotted with serie 2-4 mm long, with irregular wings; sepals ye’ Riva

yellow or white, variously spotted with red or purple, variously pepper pope various

long-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal sich magiare: concave, 6-8 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, connate 4

contracted into a slender tail “i 25 mm ina the

lateral sepals oblong, 7-8 mm long, 3 mm

con _ 2 mm over a transverse fold scan yee

m, the obtuse iho: pr contracted into tails simi-

ee i. set of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 4-

4.5 mm ee 1.5 mm ee the margins serrate, the

apex trunc si an acute apiculum, the labellar

margin w ain a ee tudinal carina; lip orange, dotted

with red or brown, in ng-pandurate —— 5 mm Jon ong,

1.5 mm wide, with marginal folds

the epichile roand, the disc hl scaled the

oe. le oblong with the base cordate, hinged

— ol w

ong, the stout, equally long, with a short, thick,

seas extension.

ECUADOR: Loja: epiphytic in dense forest, Cordil-

lera de Amboca between Zaruma and El Cisne, alt.

Feb. 1979, C. Luer 3967 (SEL). sgn forest

between Chimbo and Balsapamba, alt. 2500 m, Dec

18??, A. Rimbach 370 (?); below d ae 2400

m, June 1975, collected by A. Andreetta & W.

Teague, flowered by A. Andreetta in Cuenca, A.

Andreetta 63 (SEL).

This species is little more than a varia-

tion of the polymorphic M. polysticta. It

occurs in the humid valleys of semi-arid

southwestern Ecuador where not only is

M. polysticta frequent, but also where

several locally endemic species of the

subgenus occur as well. It differs from M.

polysticta by a usually longer and more

congested raceme of more flowers that are

light yellow to yellow-orange. The sepals

are shortly and densely pubescent external-

ly, and variously sparsely pubescent

within. The sepals are variously spotted,

or dotted with red or red-brown. The

morphology of the sepals, petals and lip

are too similar to draw any distinction.

Plate 587. Masdevallia lehmannii

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1146

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1147

Masdevallia leptoura Luer, Pipnieco ie 54, 381, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek leptourus,‘‘slender-

typical M. pachyura Rchb.f.

sige wenn er pean nn a mig ign Luer, Lindleyana 3: 44, —

toll. A i. .

Ram s erect, 3-4

long, enclosed as 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. “Leaf rect coriaceous, long-petiolate, — ~ cm long includ.

ne ee i bt , 2-3 cm wide, the the bese cuneate into

the petiole. Infloresc loosely al-flow ered,

flowers, 15-25 cm long cssttudian the peduncle, with 1-2 bracts below the raceme, from I low o on n the

ramicaul; floral bract inflated, 5-6 mm ee mm long; ovary 3-4 mm | long wi th 3 zg

crests; sepals pea pale yellow-green or whitish, y arranged trans

versely, the dorsal se sepal ov ovate, Levee wig mm long, 12-15 mm wide le expanded, connate

al se sepals s for lender yellow tail

8- 12 mm long, the lateral oo chong, 12- “14 mm 1 long, 4-61 mm wide, somal 1.5 mm, the oblique

white or less hey 6

mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the truncate a apex apiculate, both margins d

labellar margin with a late; lip b to green, suffused

with purple, oblong-subpandurate, 6mm long, 25 mm w wide, with obtuse or acute marginal folds above

the middle, the epichile speies rounded, the hypochile ayia cleft, with the base truncate, hinged

iterete, 6 mm | the thick foot 3 mm long with a short,

incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Bolivar: terrestrial along road west of

Guaranda, alt. 2800 m. 10 Mar. 1982, C. Luer & S.

Dalstrém 7264 (Holotype: SEL); between Guaranda

Basset ” alt. 2400 m, flowered by A Anercema' st

e-;

(0) s. Dalstrim, T. Héijer & H. Wanntorp 1846 ah “s as

OLOMBIA: Nariiio: without specific locality, S

iene by J. Aguirre, cultivated at Colomborqui-

deas, 9 July 1996, C. Luer 17982 (MO). ‘

PERU: Cajamarca: Santa Cruz, epiphytic below the 4 a

camp, alt. 1350 m, 28 Jan. 1989, S. Leiva 024 (F). a

This taxon has long been identified /

with M. pachyura with which it is sympa- ;

tric in southwestern Ecuador. The two are S

very similar except for the shorter, thick, A

colorful tails of the latter. Mas ia

leptoura occurs relatively frequently on the western declivities of the An

a It is often seen forming huge specimens in cultivation.

slender-tailed M. leptoura is illustrated in Curtis’ Botanical Magazine Plate

pies a identified as M. pachyura. Because of the differences in the tails, the

species are readily recognized, in spite of the similarity of the other parts of the

flower. The flowers of M. leptoura, however, are even more similar to those of M.

, a smaller, fewer-flowered species. There are numerous distinct clones of

M. leptoura with flowers densely spotted to unspotted.

des of

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1148

: A

removes mvwmtutlt Aha istabrewe rome LSTA)

vallia leptoura

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1149

Masdevallia ap sar et Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 1: 388 et 2: a 1874.

Ety.: From the Gree! melanopus, “black-footed,” referring to the blackish co ies, base

of the perigon,

medium in size, rea, paige Bi ps.ccap roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-

2.5 cm ras enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-9 cm long including an fothact

petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade aan elliptical-oblong, subacute, I-1.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate

petiole. Inflorescence 10-15 cm long, including a loose, secund to subsecund, simultane-

~~ several- lg ei raceme up to 7 cm long, with the peduncle slender, erect, with 2 distant —

w the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, inflated, 3-5 mm Pal chat pedicels 2-

diffusely

os vary 2 mm ne dotted with ae with undulate ribs; sepals green, dotted with om

glabrous, the blade of the dorsal sepal obovate, concave, 7 78 mm long, 3. 5-4 mm id con-

nate to the lateral sepals for 4-5 mm to f 1 édbacuie. con-

tracted into a thick, green tail ai mm im long, i lateral | sepals ovate, oblique, 5-6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3

mm wide together the column-foot, the free por-

tions continuous into thick, ‘green me 4-5 mm long; petals light green to white, dotted with purple,

oblong, 2 mm lo ‘ates ~ an wide, the a truncate, shallowly tridentate, with a black apiculum, the

margins denticulate hortly fimbriate, the labellar hal

in a slight swelling; lip yellow, eee suffused with purple-black, oblong-ovate, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide, with marginal folds above the middl ile from a pair of law, — calli on the disc, the apex

oblong, rounded th purple, semiterete, 2.5 mm

long, the foot 2 mm long with a short, incurved extension. —

PERU: Without locality, B. Roezl s.n. (Holotype: W).

Piura: epiphytic in wooded valley west of Huanca-

bamba, alt. 2750 m, Aug. 1980, W. Kéniger, H. ;

Kéniger, J. Luer, C. Luer & M. Arias K-47b (K, M h

SEL, W, Herb. H. Kéniger). , }

the damp forested valleys of semi-arid

northwestern Peru, where it was first

collected by Benedict Roezl along with M. ah oee

abbreviata and M. melanoxantha. Very Ye é

likely, it also occurs in adjacent Ecuador. mi 5 }

Vegetatively, M. melanopus is indis- eae fi

tinguishable from other related, small wd o

species. Most distinctive are short pedi-

cels no longer than the floral bracts. The

flowers are tubular and arcuate, with thick oa —~

greenish or yellowish tails that are shorter Le |

than the blade. The sepals are greenish

and diffusely dotted with dark purple. The ,

petals are denticulate-fimbriate and mark- &

ed with purple. The lip is dark purple and g

ra channeled between longitudinal

This species is local and infrequent in Ney

A very similar species, M. xanthodactyla, occurs in southwestern Ecuador. It is

distinguished from M. melanopus by longer pedicels, whitish or pale yellow sepals

spotted with purple, and yellow tails and lip. From both of them, M. abbreviata is

distinguished by longer, more slender tails.

eee

ib <a

het ote oe Mes

at ete

-e2*et ee

"mele

o fe 4 .

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1150

Plate 590. Masdevallia melanopus

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1151

Masdevallia microsiphon Luer, Phytologia 39: 213, 1978.

Ety.: From the Greek pte “‘a small tube,”’ in reference to the minute, sepaline tube.

small, epiphytic, ascen Ramicauls erect, slender, 6-8 mm

wie pee by 2- 3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf suberect, coriaceous, 30-35 mm long including the

a. 10 mm long, the blade narrowly obovate, ob 5-6 mm wii base ly narrowed

into the | petiole. Inflorescence an erect, distantly poe raceme of minute, simultaneous, tubular

flowers, up to 12 cm long including the filiform peduncle, with a tubular bract near the middle and at the

base, fi tubular. 2 dicel 1.5

tate, 1.5 mm long; sepals greenish white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate-oblong, concave, ‘6m mm

long, 2.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral for 4.5 mm to form a lightly arched, cylindrical tube, the

free portion produced into a yellow, thickened, obtuse apex, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 5.5 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, connate 2.5 mm, forming a broad mentum ae the column-foot, 3 — portions

ick : nemo

petals translucent white, linear-oblong, |

mm wide, the truncate m8 lightly retuse = bilobed, the lower half faintly callous Sajstndiaaliy: lip

yellow, oblong, 2.5 mm long, 1.25 mm e, the apex rounded, the margins of the lower two-thirds

rciactl ly rounded and: sub- erect ending vith callous, obtaee a at the — cae the disc sei

terete, 2 mm lon

te thick foot 1 mm ‘long with the apex lightly incurved.

ECUADOR: Loja: western slopes of the cordillera,

alt. 2000 m, Dec. 1974, collected by B. Malo, culti-

ated at Tarqui near Cuenca, 16 July 1977, C. Luer f

1719 (Holotype: SEL). \

This, one of the smallest members of Roe

subgenus Amanda, is apparently endemic

in the same damp, forested valleys of

semi-arid, southwestern Ecuador as are

most other closely allied members of the “ay a

subgenus. It is an inconspicuous, little if 4

species that is seldomly collected. The Fie , }

raceme of a few, distant, minute, tubular of /

flowers resembles those of species once / Pe

attributed to Physosiphon Lindl. f

The sepals are deeply connate into a

five millimeter-long, cylindrical tube, with A ~

the free apices very short, thick and ae 4

obtuse. Deep within the tube the petals } ie

are narrowly oblong, membranous and

entire, and the lip is obscurely divided into AS

a short, rounded epichile and oblong F

hypochile with erect margins.

Soe

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1152

Plate 591. Masdevallia microsiphon

aie lr on “F

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1153

Masdevallia ova-avis Luer, cry 39: 217, 1978.

Ety.: From the Latin ova avis, “eggs o pp if th ded infl

escence of ssieaieg ovoid flowers

DI. + mh +. e a 3-

Ramicauls erec

5 cm long, enclosed * es 3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 15-21 cm long

including the € petiole 4-8 ip ama Jong. the blade elliptical, subacute, 3-4.5 cm wide, the base cuneate into the

slender, sulcate petiole. , congested, distichous It ly 6- to 9-flow-

ered raceme 2- 3cm ong, borne by an a i suberect, , slender ea 15- 23 cm long, with 2 ‘Short

bracts, from low

long, with undulate wings; dorsal sepal ptt dull onus gray, sf peckled with purple-brown enteral

dull white with dark purple spots within, ovoid, deeply concave, 14; mm long, 10 mm wide, connate

the lateral sepals for 6 mm to form a be wes » Gaping cup, the rounded apex abruptly contracted aie a

slender, decurved, orange tail 7-16 m y dotted with dark

urple, with a central, gamed mnie, oblong. il mm long, 5 mm wide, connate basally to form a mentum

beneath the column-foot der, decurved, orange tail 7-15 mm

long; petals dull white, dotted ed with purple, elliptical-oblong with serrulate margins, 5 mm long, : 2. 25 mn

wide, the apex tridentate-truncate, long-apiculate, the labellar m a; lip

orange-brown, diffusely dotted with purple, oblong-subpandurate, Sas mm m long, 2.5 mm wide, with mar-

ginal folds above the middle, lightly ng bel ow the middle, the

truncate, hinged below to the column-foot lur ish white purp ks, semiterete, 4

mm long, with a foot 3 mm long and a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: terrestrial and epiphytic

along the new road between Quito and Santo Domi-

ngo, alt. 2000 m, 1974, collected by B. Malo, culti-

vated at Tarqui near bs peeti 20 July 1977, C. Luer

17. st of Lloa along Rio Cinto,

alt. 2200 m, "20 Feb. te S. Dalstrém 1509 (MO).

Bolivar: between Chimbo and Babahoyo, alt. 2600

J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 14967 (MO). Chimborazo

Las Cochas, alt. 8,000 ft., 22 Nov. 1944, IL. Wiggins

11127 (AMES).

This robust species is endemic to the

western slopes of the Andes of central

uador where it grows sympatrically with

the closely allied M. tridens. From the

yellow-flowered M. tridens, M. ova-avis is

distinguished by larger, gray-blue sepals,

suffused, dotted and mottled with purple.

Flowering simultaneously, the flowers,

with a suborbicular dorsal sepal, are ar-

ranged in a short, crowded, circular

raceme on a horizontal plane surrounded

by a diverging array of yellow sepaline

tails. The crowded raceme suggests a clutch of bird eggs.

Masdevallia ova-avis may be merely a variation of M. tridens, because varia-

tions approaching the latter have been seen. There are no specific differences in the

long-apiculate, serrulate petals and channeled lips. Masdevallia ova-avis may also

be synonymous with the long-lost M. densiflora, but the latter is distinguished by

narrow leaves, smaller flowers and broadly long-apiculate petals.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1154

avis

Plate 592. Masdevallia ova-

aie

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1155

Masdevallia pachyura Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. “ai RS Ate 1874

Ety.: From the Greek pachys, ‘‘thick,”’ and ura, ’’tail,”’ ig to the thick tails.

Syn.: ee polysticta var. dignilre- Rchb. a. Chron. n. s. mere tel 1881.

Latin crassicaudatus, “with thick tails,” referring to

Syn.: Masdevallia aureodactyla Luer, Sey 7: 102, 1982.

Ety.: From the Latin aure eres golden oe si aie to the sepaline tails.

Plant medi hortl Ramicauls stout, erect,

1.5-4 cm long, enclosed by 23 te tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-13 cm —_= including a

2-4 cm = petiole, blade etiptical, obtuse, 1.2- 2 5S cm wide, e, sata arrowed belo to the petiole.

Inflorescence an erect, loosely 3- to 8-fl le, with 1-2

bracts olen the middle, from low on the shy be bract inated, 5-9 mm eg 5 mm wide, en-

closing the pedicel 3 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm lon

white with purple to purple-brown ae the dorsal ce suborbicular, concave, carinate, 11-15 mm

long, 10-11 mm wi Pp p gaping cup, the

rounded tracted into a thick , terete te, yellow to orange tail, 5-7 mm long,

1-1.5 mm thick, » He serena sepals pubescent within, oblong, 10-11 mm long, 3- * mm wide,

connate 1.5-2

tails similar ‘to that of the dorsal sepal; petals bene 5 ee 6mm long, 2 mm wide . the margins minute-

yd ng-apiculate, the labellar half with a low, longitudin-

al callus and a similar but lesser callus sions the opposite half; lip light brown, dotted with Ligees

oblong- peabpeateee urate, 6 nm lon 8, 2. 5 Tam

chile rounded, t hit h ] ink. semiterete, ‘

mm long, the nnd 4mm vise with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Without locality, B. Roezl 5 (Holotype:

W). Bolivar: near La Palma between Guayaquil and

Guaranda, alt. 2000-2500 m, 23 Dec. 1879, F.C.

Lehmann 407 (G, W); Travesia de Amboca, alt.

1600-2000 m, F.C. Lehmann 7009 (K); epiphytic in

cloud forest between Guaranda and Balza; me yr alt.

ae Is Hirtz

A. Andreetta, cultivated by A. An Se in Cuenca,

11 Feb. 1979, C. Luer 3971 (SEL); paneer on the

road embankment west of Guaranda, alt. 2800 m, 10

Mar. 1982, C. Luer & S. Dalstriém 7262 ii iggrg. of

M. aureodactyla: SEL); west of Guar:

m, 12 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrim & L. hae ae pee

H. Dodson et al. 18703 (MO, QCNE); between

Chimbo and Chillanes, alt. 2240 m, collected Feb.

1991, flowered in cultivation Jan. 1994, F L Steven-

son 93-0421-3 (MO); between Chillanes and San

Vicente, alt. 2100 owered in cultivation May

992, F L Stevenson 92-0223- 2 (MO). Azuay: west-

ern slopes of Azuay, Yunguilla, alt. 1900 m, 1973,

collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 19 July

1977, C. Luer 1751 (SEL); same area, cultivated at

Tarqui, 27 Sept. 1980, C. Luer 5586 (SEL).

This species, apparently limited in distribution to southwestern Ecuador, is

closely allied to the more frequent and more widely distributed M. leptoura. Where

both species grow together they maintain their identity. Vegetatively indistin-

guishable, the flowers are also similar but readily recognizable. The sepaline tails

of M. leptoura are slender, while the tails of M. pachyura are thickened, more or

less clavate, and usually bright orange in color. Extreme forms of the latter had

n segregated into M. aureodactyla

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1156

a ee Ae a

_—_—+

Te Sg ene OE oi aS 5G ek ee gs ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1157

eee peleniiete Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 1: 338, 1874; et 2: 290. 1875.

Greek polystictos, “with many dots,”’ referring to the appearance of the flowers.

ray Masdevallia spathulifolia Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 98, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin s MEET ‘with denny: leaves,”’ referring to morphology of the leaves.

:-M. ifolia (K. 1.) Luer, Lindleyana 3: 50, 1988.

Syn.:] Masdevallia huebschiana Kraenal. Rene. Spec. Nov. Regni Mpa 17: 411, 1921.

Ety.: sch wl

Plant medium in size to larg itose; roots coarse. Rami-

cauls stout, ascending to erect, 24 5m Nee enclosed Ha 2-3 sae bular sheaths. Leaf

ceous, 8-15 cm ety including the petiole 2.5-6 cm long, the blade ghee sarees Tae 5 cm wide,

cuneate below into the evs petiole. : stichous, nearly

simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 15-30 Il includi peduncle, with 2 tubular

bracts below he a ea i floral b inflated ag ga mm Jong enclosing the

pedicel and part of th y; pedicel 2-3 mm oe ovary 2-3 mm long, undulate-w ed; sepals white

to white variously cgereze: or dotted with purple, g' 2 pubescent

within, the margins coat erose, the dorsal — suborbicular, concave, 10-14 mm pnd 8-12 mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm to form a shallow, subglobose, sepaline cup, the rounde

apex abruptly PR, — a slender tail 18-25 mm long, ae) ateral sepals oblong, oblique, “10 mm

long, 2-3.5 mm wide, connate

tails ca. ihe: mm long; nna white with purple spots, clipical-olon, 4-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm oe rH

margins te, the apex acute to truncate, with an acute apiculum, the two sides sear dee

that of ee aici half more cpa lip yellow-orange to yellow-green, dotted with purple, oe

ee 5-6 mm lo ong i. 5- -3 m: mm wide, divided above the middle by marginal folds, the eich

oblo

with pole margins, semiterete, 4-5 mm long, the foot stout, 3-4 mm long, with a short extension.

PERU: northern Peru, without pony: B. Roezl 4

alt. 2100 m, 24 July 1991, J. Schoonen, P. Cloes &

M. Arias an M

ECUADOR: Pichincha: western slopes of Mt.

Corazén, alt. 2000-2500 m, F.C. Lehmann 701 z

— of M. spathulifolia: K: isolectotype: G,

epiphytic and terrestrial in dense, humid forests near

pone a on the western slopes of Mt. Corazé6n, alt.

, 14 Jan. 1881, F.C. $8 8 227 (paratypes

of M. spethad pole G, W); below San Juan, alt. 2500

m, 31 Dec. 1955, E. seek 18975 (S); between

amo Domingo and Tandapi, alt. 2000 m, 7 May

2500 m, 31 Mar. 1 5, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

11014 iE a

1500 m, co! . An ulti-

- Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. eA & B.

Aligaard 3211, 3212 = 3213 (AAU, AMES, MO,

SEL); Pilalo, 16 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P.

Taylor 867 (SEL). Bolivar: near Tamboloma and La

Palma near Guaranda, alt. 1900-2500 m, 23 Dec. 1879, ne Lehmann 406 (G, W); between age ou

. 2000 m, Jan. 1994, A. Hirtz 6022 (MO); betw anes a _— saya on

Jan. 1995, A. Hirtz 6131 (MO); between Guaranda and Chillanes, — 61 (SEL): scccecot

iim, T. Héijer, J. Kuijt &

Guaranda toward Pueblovie iejo, alt. 2600 m, 26 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. "Dalstrom T.

Hirtz 9750, 9751, 9752, 9753 (MO). Loja: Cisne, alt. 8, eee “ ig eas. 5.n. (holotype re)

huebschiana: W); between Celica and Zapotillo, alt. 2100- m,

—— 22449 (GB). Azuay: Valle de Yungilla, alt. 1800 m, collected by A. Andreea & M “seoepe co

at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 13664 (MO); Chaucha, south of Molleturo, 2200

1995, ae Hirtz 6144 (MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1158

j rer

594. Masdevallia polysticta

EL My) De Ree eee ae

yet eer

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1159

This species is variable, relatively frequent, and widely distributed on the west-

ern slopes of the Andes of western Ecuador and adjacent northern Peru, where it

was first collected by Benedict Roezl. A nineteenth century painting by F.C.

Lehmann, t. 523, herb. 7017, labeled ‘‘M. tridens,”’ is deposited at Kew

Florence Woolward was aware of the great variability of this species, declaring

that no two plants were exactly alike. Collections of variations from a single road-

side population in west-central Ecuador were once identified as three species.

Variations with florally congested racemes grade into M. tridens. A long-petiolate

specimen was described as M. spathulifolia. Masdevallia pulcherrima is little

more than a variation with large purple spots on the sepals; M. caloptera is little

more than a variation with the pigment in lines along the major veins of the sepals;

M. lehmannii is little more than a variation with yellow flowers on a longer raceme,

M. pozoi is little more than a glabrous variation with larger, yellow flowers; M.

segrex is little more than a very small-flowered variation.

Typically, the leaves are petiolate, and equaled or surpassed by the erect raceme.

The raceme often bears the flowers in more or less crowded, opposite ranks, but just

as often the raceme is distantly flowered.

The flowers are large for the subgenus. The sepals are white, usually with

purple spots, either a few to many. The lateral sepals are commonly yellowish

down the center. Most often the sepals are sparsely long-pubescent internally, but

sometimes the hairs are almost copious, and sometimes hairs are entirely absent.

The sepals are connate basally into a shallow cup. The rounded, concave, dorsal

sepal is much broader than the oblong laterals. The tails are slender, usually yel-

lowish, and longer than the blades. On at least one clone, the tails are four cen-

timeters long or longer. The petals are serrate and apiculate, as seen in most larger-

flowered species of the subgenus. As in many other species, the lip is divided by

marginal folds into an epichile with a rounded, convex apex, and an oblong, chan-

neled hypochile.

Masdevallia huebschiana was described by Kranzlin from a dried, insect-riddled

specimen in ruinous fragments received from his friend Zahlbruckner in Austria.

The plant was supposed to have been sent originally from F. Sander in St. Albans,

England. The information that it had been collected near Ocajia in the Eastern

Cordillera of Colombia by Hiibsch is erroneous because Hiibsch collected in south-

ern Ecuador, not in Colombia. Flowers are inseparable from those of M. polysticia.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1161

Masdevallia porphyrea Luer, Phytologia 47: 65, 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin porphyreus, “purple,” referring to the purplish leaves and flowers.

Plant medium in size, — densely caespitose to inp ascending; roots slender. Ramicauls

with 2-3 close

slender, erect, 2-3.5 c sagsgpe: with ro rose, W 2- tubular sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, dull pinkish tan, s ms ith ong-petiolate, 7-13 cm or sepa ge

a red-spotted petiole 3-4, 5 cm long, the blade narrowly lip subacute, 1.5-2. wide, the

base wly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a raceme 3-7 cm long = 4-6 Jetta flowers,

the seiiatete erect, slender, 14-20 cm long including | the rachis, with a bract near the middle and another

near the base, from low or oblique, 4-5 mm long; ioc _— spot-

ted with purple, 2-3 mm | ong: ovary green, spotted with purple, 2mm mm long, with 3 double crests; sepals

a light dull green, with minute, transverse bars of purple, with minutely serrulate yy the

sepal su siahioliad deeply concave, more or less saccate below the middle, 8 mm long, 9 mm

wale: connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a gaping, more or less transversely soe ese

sepaline cup, the #9825 apex abruptly contracted into an erect, green tail 7 mm long, the lateral sepals

colu:

ovate, 9 mm long, 5 mm wide f the column-foot, the acute

rite contacted into anaes similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals translucent green, — with

purple, oblong, 1.75 mm long, 0.75 m wide, the apex retuse, a thickened toward the b: n the

low half; tip light purple- brown, broadly ovate-trilobed, 3. 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide across nea vate

lobes, 2.5 mm t, oblique, broadly ovate, obtuse, the

iddle lobe with 3 elevated veins, obtuse to rounded, with undulate — the disc with a pair of

obliging lamellae near the middle, the broadly rounded base hinged to the colum n-foot; column dull

green, mottled with red, semiterete with broad wings, 3.5 mm long, with a thick, Gcas foot equally

long.

ECUADOR: Azuay: epiphytic in Valle de Yunguil-

la, alt. 1900-2000m, collected by B. Malo, cultivated

at Tarqui, 26 Sept. 1980, C. Luer 5566 (Holotype:

SEL); above Molleturo, alt. 2500 m, Jan. 1992,

etiegctdn 1506 (M O). Lag eo epiphytic in cloud

Mar

Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. inte 2 Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9718

er, A. Hirtz et al. 15000B (MO).

This species is confined to the forested

mountains of southwestern Ecuador where

it is locally frequent. It is recognized by

the red-purple suffusion of the vegetative

parts and the diffuse, red-purple stippling

of the short, subglobose, sepaline tube that

seems somewhat dorsally compressed.

The tails are about as long as the blades.

The petals are entire and retuse, and the lip

is broadly ovate-trilobed, with the lobes

erect below the middle. Of all the species

of the subgenus, the petals and lip prob-

ably differ greatest from all the others.

INARUM

OTHALLID

PLEUR'

ICONES

1162

eee a"

Sah

Sra eee

toe hee [rr

aE Al xo

lem

— re ———

Set ———

A= Ry

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1163

Masdevallia pozoi Kéniger, Die Orchidee 44: 180, 1993.

Ety.: Named for Alfonso Pozo of Cuenca, Ecuador, who collected this species.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, ascending-caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout,

ascending to erect, 2.5-4 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 10-22

cm long including the petiole 4-5 cm long, the blade llipicl-obovate, obtuse, 2-3. 5 cm wide, cuneate

below into the slender petiole. subse-

ae ae a

cund d 1.5-7 cm long,

peduncle, 15-24 cm ‘long, with two bracts below the middle, , from low on the ramicaul : floral bracts in in-

flated, 6 mm long, enclosing the pedicel and part of the ovary; pedicel 3-5 mm 1 long; ovary | 2 _ ae

undulate-winged; sepals yellow, marked

with are erose margins, the dorsal sepa b broadly elliptical, concave, 11-14 mm long, ares mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to form a shallow, subglobose, sepali R

apex abru sen contracted into a slender, pase tail 20 mm long, the lateral — ee

oblique, 13-17 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, connate 1-2 mm beneath the column-foot, the subacute apices

contracted into slender att 20 mm long; petals yellow, dotted ¥ with — oblong, re mm long, 1.75-2

mm wide an acute apiculum, the two sides

longitudinally callous “igi of = peed half more prominent; : ip sallow. oblong-subpandurate, 5-6

ong, 2-2.5 mm wide he

ah rounded, wider sone = meas the hypochile oblong, channeled, the truncate base hinged

beneath; column white, dotted with purple, semiterete, 4-5 mm long, the foot stout, 3-4 mm long, with a

short, incurved extension

ECUADOR: Chimborazo: between Pallatanga and

Bucay, alt. 1600 m, collected by A. Pozo, 1978,

cultivated in Munich, Germany, by W. Kéniger WK-

ty Pp ‘ « Herb. H,

KGniger), C. Luer illustr. —

: Amazonas: Pomacochas, alt. 2000 m, 1991,

P. Cloes 990201 (MO), C. “sen ilhustr. 19059.

This species is rare and local in south-

western Ecuador and northern Peru. It is

closely related to the variable, frequent,

and sympatric M. polysticta, from which it

is distinguished by larger, yellow, glabrous

flowers that are more crowded on the

rachis. The distance between flowers

varies from two to ten millimeters. The

markings on the sepals are more or less

short, transverse bars of red-purple or

orange-brown. The slender, orange tails

are much longer than the blades. The

petals and lip are similar to those of M.

polysticta, but the rounded epichile is

broader than the hypochile.

1164 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1165

eT ae pulcherrima Luer & Andreetta, Phytologia 47: 66, 1980.

casa! we Latin pulcherrimus, the superlative of pulcher, “pretty,” referring to the beauty of

) ee | as 1

y Ramicauls slender,

2-4 cm phorchg enclosed by ye 3c aoe jnabeicodiag sheaths. Leaf erect, ¢ coriaceous, hie: 11-14 cm long

including the 2.5-3 cm long petiole, the blade elliptical, subacute, 2.3- 2. u cm wide, narrow ly cuneate

below into the petio ole. Inflorescence an arching, si simultaneous 6-7 cm mn long,

12-17 cm long including the 8- id cm long slender, erect to suberect t peduncle, ela a below the

middle and near the base, from | ong; pedicel 5-6

mm tg ovary green with sole dots, 3 mm long, irregularly pants sete aie ao a few large,

i purple spots and orange tails, glabrous, the free margins minutely erose, the dorsal sepal o vate,

coca. 10 mm long, 9 mm , the

re oe abruptly Toes into an erect oe 121 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong, | 10 mm long, 5

nate ca. to form a short m beneath the column-foot, the obtuse apices con-

ei a defenek aa mm a er: wail seine et cllowwkite: marked with purple, orange at the apex,

tol : mm long, 2 mm wide, the e margins minutely serrulate, with a carina from - base extending

along a with an acute, apical tooth; lip yellow-white, ——

“ the ape, onleng, 4 4. 5m mm long, 2. 751 mm wide, wih hens, comiee, marginal folds i in the di stal thi

sh column yellow- -white, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the f qually long including a short, incurved

extensio

ECUADOR: Bolivar: epiphytic in cloud forest

below Guaranda, alt. ca. 2000 m, Aug. 1978, collect-

ed by A. Andreetta, A. Hirtz, J. Luer & C. Luer, cultivated

in Cuenca by A. Andreetta, 26 Sept. 1980, C. Luer

5558 (Holotype: SEL); same collection, cultivated at

Co pam cnn in Colombia, 20 Apr. 1988, C.

Luer 13288 (MO).

This easily recognized species is un-

common and apparently confined to one

area of western Ecuador. It is closely

related to M. polysticta, and probably

could be considered a mere variation of

the latter. Masdevallia pulcherrima is

vegetatively similar to the other larger

species of the subgenus. The distinctively

colored flowers are large and loosely

arranged in the raceme. The sepals are

glabrous and snow white with rather large

purple spots scattered over the basal

halves. The dorsal sepal is deeply cu-

cullate and the tails are slender. The petals

and lip do not differ significantly from the

usual pattern seen in the subgenus.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1166

Plate 598. Masdevallia pulcherrima

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1167

Masdevallia jar elie nae: Selbyana 5: 149, , 1979.

Dr. Rafael Lucas

Ety.: Named in oni

CA.

of Central Am

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, eats repent to baie ape roots coarse. Ramicauls comparative-

ly stout, suberect, 2-4 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 11-18 cm

long sete. the indistinct petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical oblong, si subacute to ob-

tuse, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, graduall res-

cence a simultaneously aint lightly flexuous raceme of 3-8 octet flowers, 1.5-5 cm long,

me by a slender, suberect peduncle 12-20 cm long, with 2-3 distant bra the base of the

ramicaul; floral bracts inflated, acute, 5 mm long; pedicel 3 mm see ovary 2.5-4 mm long, with 6

undulating crests; sepals white to rose, dotted wi red- ‘purple, min tely crose, Sparsely cili ate, the dorsal

sepal broadly ovate, concave, 14 mm lon.

to form a sepaline cup, the obtuse apex abruptly contracted into a tail 3. 5mm long, the lateral sepals,

spreading, oblong, ts st he mm long, 6 mm w

the column-foot, the subacute apices g; petals yellow, oblong, slightly

curved, 6 mm long, 2 mm wie the apex truncate, scan es ‘fabellar margin with a longitudinal

carina forming an obtuse angle near the apex x and ve the base e; lip ‘Purple, erect, oblong, 7 mm long, 3

mm wide, with —— a Id iddle, th ly sulcate See wn the

ce th hy hil hi Cs at eae Lane SS, TER

cil aide oe 3 mm long, | ies Be

COSTA RICA: San José: Cerro de la Muerte,

epiphytic in wet cloud forest above Divisi6n, alt.

: i

Luer, J. Luer & K.S. Walter 4241 (SEL); same area,

969, W. Burger 5951 (F); Cerro del Muerte, 20 Aug.

1950, J. Leén 2703 (USJ); near Divisi6n, alt. 2800 m

5 Feb. 1979, C. Todzia 560 (CR); Chndillern de

D. Mora de Retana & P. Moiva 31 (B, US)); Villa

Mills, alt. 3000 m, May 1993, D. Mora de Retana

s.n. (USJ). Without locality, 1950, C.H. Lankester

1561 (AMES).

PANAMA: Bocas del Torro: southeast slope of

Cerro Echandi, alt. 2600-2800 m, 1 Mar. 1984, L. D.

Gomez, I. Chac6n, G. Davidse & G. Herrera 22225

(CR, MO).

Masdevallia rafaeliana, the only

member of the subgenus in Central

America, occurs locally in wet forests of

central Costa Rica and adjacent Panama at

an altitude of nearly 3000 meters above sea level. Its existence had been known by

the late Dr. Rafael Lucas Rodriguez of the University of Costa Rica for many years,

a superb watercolor painting of the species having been made by him in 1978. '

In the wild, the plants of M. rafaeliana are not robust. Most plants are loosely

attached to the substrate and consist of only two or three leaves. Plants are a

sionally detached and may be found dangling by their roots. The habitat is ie

being destroyed as the trees are cut and burned for charcoal by local inhabitan

Unfortunately, this species is difficult to cultivate.

Masdevallia rafaeliana is characterized by a loosely few-flowered epics

sepals are rose-colored with a scattering of small spots. The tails Lae Mite

The petals are entire with the apex minutely lobulate. The lip is divided by margin

al folds into a rounded epichile and an oblong, channeled hypochile.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1168

Plate 599, Masdevallia rafaeliana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1169

Masdevallia segrex Luer & Hirtz, Sp. nov.

Ety.: Fro: ipmnscmie ein “apart parati l ia poly

Species haec M. polystictae Rchb.f £ affinis, s 1 flori is mi p

guste obtuso differt.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, ascending-caespitose; roots coarse. purses stout,

ascending to erect, 3.5-4.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf

18 cm long — the ag 4-6 cm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, obtuse, 2.5- a6 cm wide, cu-

neate below the petiole. Inflorescence a suberec ct, loose, Strict, subsecund, nearly s simultaneous

several- morass raceme of up to 9 flowers, up to2 g lender peduncle 9-12 cm

long, with 2 tubular bracts, from low 1 t inflated, 5-6 mm lone, enclosing the

pedicel and part of the ovary; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long, undulate-winged; sepals creamy

white, spotted with purple-brown, ass Kate xternally, sparsely perk aepin t within, the dorsal

ovate, concave, a mm lo ong, 6 mm w hallow, sub-

globose, sepalin der, yellow tail 10 mm long, the

lateral pia ailoas oblique, 7 mm ns 2 mm wide, Piso : mm beneat th the column-foot, the

obtuse apices contracted into slender sag 10 mm long; petals white with purple dots, elliptical, 4.5 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, the margins serrate, the apex obtuse, with a saan apiculum, with a ea

arina above the lower margin; lip light yellow, oblong-subpandurate, 4.5 mm lon ng, e sts

divided above the middle by marginal folds, t nd hypoct hile

oblong, channeled, the base truncate, hinged be beneath; column white with purple dots, alain 4mm

long, the foot stout, 2 mm long, with a short extension.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: western slopes of Pichincha,

cultivated in Quito, 30 Mar. 1984, by A. Hirtz s.n.

(Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 9808.

This species is little more than a small-

flowered variation of the frequent and

variable M. polysticta, and for nearly 20

years I had considered it as such. Howev-

er, in constructing a key to the subgenus

for this Icones, the discrepancy in size

appeared too great to be discounted.

Although the size of the flowers of M.

polysticta is variable, the appearance and

the small size of the flower of M. segrex is

distant from the others.

Vegetatively similar to M. polysticta

and other relatively large members of the

subgenus, M. segrex is distinct with the

loose, strict, subsecund raceme of propor-

tionately small flowers. In addition to

their twice smaller size, the dorsal sepal is

ovate and subacute or narrowly obtuse,

contrasting with the suborbicular, deeply

concave dorsal sepal of M. polysticta.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1170

Plate 600. Masdevallia segrex

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1171

Masdevallia sertula Luer & Andreetta, Novon 1: 171, 1991.

Ety.: From the Latin sertula, ‘‘a little wreath or a crown,” referring to the appearance of the inflor-

escence.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, ts coarse. Ramicauls rather stout, erect, 2-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheath: s. Leafe erect, ppc petiolate, 10-14 cm long including

the 3-4 cm long petiole, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.5-2 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the

slender petiole. congested y several-fl ,ca. lcm say

me by an erect peduncle 14-22 vs long, with 2 t d al he length, from low on the rami

caul; floral bracts inflated, 6-7 mm long; ato aA mm bea ovary . y 3-4 mm ong, with — aes

orange with diffuse, minute, purple do do ts, more or middle, the margins

microscopically erose, with th gi y shed, becoming glabrous, the dorsal

sepal grt concave, 15 mm long, 9 9 mm wid pand ed, Is fe

form a ping cup, th btuse j ht, stor ointed tail il 18-19

mm long, the lateral sepals elliptical, oblique, sncate..) 14 mm long, E mm wide, connate 4 mm, the

tails 15 mm long; petals white with numerous, dark purpl e dots, oblong, #1 nn long, 1 5 mm wide, the

apex truncate, apiculate, the margins minutely serrate, with a long th Il

margin; lip white, suffu blong-subpandurate, 3.75 mm long, 1.4 mm

wide, the Apex rounded with deflexed margins of the sides and apex deflexed, the disc superficially

inged ben

column green with purple dots, stout, semiterete, 3.5 mm long, with an equally long, stout column-foot.

ADOR: Caiiar: above Molleturo, alt. ca. 2800

m, collected by A. Andreetta, cultivated Aug. 1990 at

Paute, A. Hirtz 5037 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr.

yig/ het — ne alt. ca. 2000 m, collected b

ated at Paute, Aug. 1989, by A. Hirtz

tae pei yooh Chaucha, alt. 2200 m, Jan.

1994, A. Hirtz 6010 (MO).

This species, apparently endemic in

southwestern Ecuador, is closely related to

M. tridens which is more widely distribut-

ed and also occurring in southwestern

Ecuador. Both species are characterized

by several flowers borne simultaneously in

a congested raceme, but the raceme of M.

sertula is shorter and more congested with

urved tails.

The sepals are flesh-colored with

minute, purple dots. The sepals of M.

idens are usually yellow, with or without

dots or spots. The dorsal sepal of M.

sertula is deeply concave and decurved.

The sepaline tails are thick instead of

Slender, and more or less deflexed at their

junction with the blades. The petals and lips of both species are similar in shape,

but the lip of M. sertula is proportionately smaller.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1172

Plate 601. Masdevallia sertula

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1173

Masdevallia staaliana Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 9: 111, 1994.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Gerardus Staal of Palo Alto, CA, who submitted this species for identi-

fication

di phytic, it der. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed a 2-3 thin tebelie get i Leaf sesion Seriunaiang. petiolate, 7-11 cm long including the pe-

tiole 2-3 cm long, the — —_— b , 2-2.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into the pe-

ti to suberect, loosely few-flowered raceme of 3-5 simultaneous flowers, 8-13

cm long including the mle with 1-2 bracts below the eee = low on the ramicaul, floral bract

inflated, 5 mn long; pedicel 3-4 mm long; ovary crested, 2

fused

lhy cell) Saal

sufi

externally, diffusely short-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal ie clliptical concave, 11 mm var 8

sepals for 3.5 mm to form a shallow, sepaline cup, the apex

sneer: contracted into a os yellow tail 101 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, 11 mm co

-5 mm wide, connate 1 apices contracted into yellow pat similar to that of the

petals light yellow, more or imp re oblong, unguiculate, 4.5 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, the cana apex

tridentate-apiculate, with the middle tooth the larges est, both ne denticulate-fimbriate above the

middle, the labellar margin with a

brown, oblong-pandurate, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with obtuse marginal folds above the middle, the

—_ obovate, obtuse, tricallous, with the margins irregular and decurved, the hypochile oblong with

the base truncate, shallowly cleft, hinged below, tricarinate beneath; column green, semiterete, 4.5 mm

long, the foot 4 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Azuay: Chaucha, between Cuenca and

Molleturo, alt. 2500-2700 m, collected Feb. 1993 by

A. Hirtz, cultivated by Gerardus Staal in Palo Alto,

CA, 28 Aug. 1993, G. Staal 93288 (Holotype: MO),

c. 4? illustr. 17035; same ete bauer

Dec. 1993, by J & L Orchids 1293-438 (M

Chaucha near Molleturo, alt. 2200 m, Sibi by A

Hirtz, 1995, cultivated in Quito, A. Hine 6132 (MO).

Among the numerous species of sub-

genus Amanda, this pretty species is

Immediately recognized by the pubescent,

yellow flowers. Vegetatively, the species

does not differ markedly from most of the

others of the subgenus, except that the

leaves are among the shortest and the

widest. The few-flowered inflorescence

barely exceeds the leaf in length. Usually

four to five flowers open nearly simulta-

neously. The flowers are of the same

basic configuration seen in the majority of

the species.

Externally the sepals are diffusely

minutely pubescent, and internally the ; ; .

sepals are covered by a diffuse, dense, short pubescence. The tails are so oo

than the blade. The petals are fimbriate on both borders and tridentate at the ape :

with the middle tooth much larger. The lip is pandurate with an anterior —-

(the epichile) obtuse with three longitudinal calli and with revolute margins.

1174 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 602. Masdevallia staaliana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1175

Masdevallia aie emrene Luer, [acinar . 112, 1982.

Ety.: From the Latin ten ” in allusion to aan

Plan Sey to terrestrial, shortly repent slender. Rami-

cauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, i tubular gg

ceous, 4-7.5 cm long including the 1.5-2.5 cm — petiole, the blade geseuts obovate, subacute to

all

obtuse, 1-1.3 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, loosely 4- to

8-flowered, distichous raceme, 10-17 cm long including the slender peduncle 7-10 cm long, with a bract

below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract inflated, oblique, 3-4 mm long; pedicel curved,

3-6 mm long; ovary green, dotted with purple, 2-3 mm ong with = papel WA acpels glabrous,

yellow, often sparsely dotted " icular, deeply conca

5-6 mm long, 5-t 6 mm wide exp d d, te to the 1 Is f 33.5 mm to form a su bspherical

cup, th b ted into a slender, more or less curved, brown tail 8-13 mm long,

the lateral sepals oblong, oo i 5-6 mm long, 2. 5 mm wide, connate 2 mm, acute apices con

into tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white le dots, oblong,

slightly curved, 2.25 mm long, 0.5 mm w wide, the truncate apex x tridenticulate, with ¢ a thin, longitudinal

carina —e it lower r margin ending i ina thick, rounded, basal tooth; lip yellow, oblong, 2.75 mm long,

1.25 mm distal third, superficially cleft central apex round-

ed, ae the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column green - white, dotted with purple,

semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a thick, incurved extensi

ECUADOR: Bolivar: terrestrial on the road em-

bankment west of Guaranda, alt. 2800 m, 10 Mar

1982, C. Luer & S. Dalstrém 7263 (Holotype: SEL):

west of Guaranda toward Balzapamba, alt. 2000 m,

a Aap 1984, C. a S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J.

t & A. Hirtz 9734A (MO); west of Guaranda

Mar. 1984,

(MO); between Chillanes anid San José del Tambo,

alt. 2500 m, 17 Feb. 1991, C. Dodson, N. Williams,

M. Whitten, F L Stevenson & A. Embree 18704

i i 000

collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 16 Sept. 1980,

C. Luer 5452 (SEL).

This species is apparently endemic on

the western slopes of the cordillera of

central Ecuador. It is distinguished by the

loose raceme of small, glabrous, yellow-

ish, more or less tubular-globose, sepaline

tubes constricted above the middle, and

with slender, brown tails sometimes like

tiny sins that curve inward after

curving outward. The petals are narrowly

oblong, wenn curved and tridenticulate.

oe epichile of the lip is proportionately

mall.

1176 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1177

Masdevallia tridens Rchb-f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 13, 1879.

Ety.: From the Latin tridens, “a trident, or any th,’’ referring to

the three sepaline tails.

Syn.: Masdevallia jubar Luer & Malo, Phytologia 42: 464, 1979.

Ety.: From the | Latin Jubar, “sunbeams, splendor,” alluding to the yellow radiance produced by the

medium to large, epi inhrytic, sh shortly the rhi less ascending;

roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed . 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, oe. 8- “15 cm ' long pomieryd rds es 8 cm long Sea the blade elliptical, obtuse,

2.5-3.5 ¢ . Inflorescence a congested, simultaneously

several- rat , more or less horizontal raceme, "2 30 cm long, borne ne an bse to suberect, slender

nite 15- oS: cm long, with 3-4 short, evenly spaced, tubular bracts, from low on the ramicaul; floral

bracts thin, oblique, acute, cucullate, 5 mm long, enclosing the pedicel and ovary; pedicel 2 mm long;

ong, with tall, oe crests; sepals yellow-orange to ay aye 4 al cote often

lightly mre with red, gl the minutel ly

deeply concave, 9 mm long, 8 mm wid

sepaline cup, ‘the rounded apex sateen so an orange, filiform tail ca. 2 cm pe the lateral i sepals

elliptical, 9 mm long, 4.5 mm Ewe, connat

below the irre th into tails simil to tht of nae peal

greenish white, oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the upper margin mi e, the apex tridentate,

the ge tooth the longest, with a low, slender, longitudinal keel long the elabelar margin; lip red-

brown, oblong-subpandurate, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, shallowly

sco centrally, the apex convex, obtuse to rounded, the base cordate, hinged beneath; column

yellowish white, semiterete, 5 mm long, with a curved foot nearly equally long.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Nanegal near Quito, west-

em declivity of Pichincha, 1868, W. Jameson s.n.

(Lecto h esi

(SEL); western slope of Mt. Pichincha, cultivated at

Colomborquideas, 18 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14214

(MO). Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 2000 m, col-

lected and cultivated in Quito, 14 Mar. 1991, by J.

del Hierro s.n. (MO); Selva Alegre, alt. 2100 m, 28

MO). Co i

4 May 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strim, 9072

(AMES, fag near Macuchi between Quevedo and

alt. 1800 m, nati 1980, C.H. Dodson &

A. ea 10140 (MO, SEL).

COLOMBIA: Valle sr Cauca: collected near Cali,

obtained from ‘Orquideas del Valle,’ cultivated in

Wilmington, DE, Jan. 2003, by M. Rao 124 (MO).

Of M. tridens, only a mutilated fragment of a flower and a pencil tracing of

some of the vegetative parts of Jameson’s specimen at Kew is in — s

herbarium at Vienna. Hence, the —— of this species with modern co!

tions relies upon an ‘“‘educated gues

Masdevallia tridens occurs seiacocty frequently on the western declivities —

Andes of central Ecuador, but rarely in southern Colombia. The leaves are usually

broad and long-petiolate. The raceme is short, distichous and congested with over-

lapping, yellowish flowers, and often held more or less horizontally. The petals are

more or less tridentate at the apex with the middle tooth an apiculum. The “ap a

are minutely serrate with a longitudinal callus above the labellar margin. The lip is

divided above the middle into a rounded, convex epichile.

1178 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1179

—— vittatula Luer & Escobar, Harvard Pap. Bot. 9: 9, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin vitratulus, “with little sii ”’ referring to the purple-striped sepals.

it small for the subgenus, epiphytic lender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 9-11 cm long including the

petiole 5-6 cm lone, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1 5- 2 cm wide, concee: belo’ ow into the orm Inflores-

15 cm long, with 2 distant bracts below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, inflated,

enclosing the pedicel and ovary, ovate, 5 mm long, 4-5 mm price expanded; pedicel 1.5mm long: ovary

purple, crested, 1.5 mm long; sepals white, ea with 2 thin, _— veins, glabrous, with the mar-

gins erose, the dorsal sepal suborbicular, conc: €, 5-5 5 mm long, ca. 5mm wide comp expand-

for 1 5

portion abruptly contracted into a yellow tail 12 mm

long, the lateral sepals elliptical, 6 mm — tom mm

wide, 3-veined, connate basally for 1 mm, the

apices contracted into tails sim peri oe = that are ee

dorsal sepal; petals transluce ae

long, 1 mm wide, the apex with ein ‘apiculum,

on a ee callus bene the lower margin

ending in a low, rounded callus above the base; lip

white, comics ve ae in 3 rows, oblong, “8

pandurate, ong, 1 mm wide,

middle by prion <atiaed folds, channeled ute

ly, the epichile rounded, convex, the hypochile

oblong, subcordate at the base, hinged Sip eee

column white, with purple edge, semiterete, 3 m

long, the foot ini > mm long, with a short, thick,

incurved extensi

COLOMBIA: Narijfio: near Ricaurte, collected by J.

Aguirre, flowered in cultivation by Francisco Villejas

at Orquifollajes near — Colombia, 9 July 1996,

C. Luer 17983 (Holotype: MO).

archi: ein Tulcan and Maldona

do, alt. 2080 m, July 1991, collected and cultivated

by F L Stevenson 92-0612-1 (MO); at pass above

eb. 19

Pichincha epiphytic in forest west of Quito, alt

2000 m, 1979, collected by cultivated

in Cuenca, 18 Aug. 1978, C. Luer 3313 (S EL).

This species has long been considered

Synonymous with M. caloptera from

northern Peru to which it is superficially

Similar. The sepals of both species are

white with two purple stripes on each

sepal. Masdevallia vittatula occurs in

southern Colombia and northern Ecuador.

In his monograph of 1925, Kranzlin cites

collections of M. caloptera from Peru and

Colombia, the latter being this species not

Tecognized at that time.

Masdevallia vittatula is distinguished

from M. caloptera by smaller flowers with

a dorsal sepal that is not so proportionately

pe proportionately longer sepaline tails;

odlong, fringeless petals; and a smaller, mes

deeply channeled i Plate 605A. Masdevallia vittatula

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1180

Plate 605. Masdevallia vittatula

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1181

Masdevalli dactyla Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 8: Se oe 1877.

Ety.: bigs ~ — toned. tow —_ ty — sepaline tails.

Diant phytic as Ramicaul. s slender, erect, 1-

2.5 cm long, enclosed by 33 iebatar an Lick need coriaceous, 4-10 cm heise ig ncudig an indis-

tinct petiole 1-3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-oblong, subacute, I-15 cm wide, narrow wly cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence 10-17 cm long, including a loose, secund subsecund, simultane-

-flowered raceme up to 10 cm long, with the peduncle slender, eect, with 1-2 distant bracts

below the middle, from | tubular, 3-5 mm long; pedicels 4-8 mm

ne: Overy fe Tam in long, with minimally undulate ribs; se sepals green ish white, pir with purple,

concave, Ni Tam long, 3 3. 5-5 mm wi —! panded, connate

tha 1 Ak +, -

thick, ‘lwo or orange tail 4-5 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 5-6. oa mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm

wide, connate 3-4 to form a mentum below the column-foot, the free portions acute, continuous into

thick, veliog tails 4-5 mm long; petals white, oblong, 3-3. 5 mm long, 1- rE 25 mm wide, the apex trun-

cate, shallowly tridentate, with pex, the labellar

half with a longitudinal callus; lip yellow or ‘white, oblong-ovate, Zz 5-5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, with

marginal folds above ihe middle from a pair of low, longitudinal calli on the disc, the apex oblong,

obtuse, the base cordate, hinged below; column white, semiterete, 2-3 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with

a short, incurved extension.

PERU: Without locality, aeons by Sander, col-

lected by B. Roez! s.n. (Hol

ECUADOR: es without Sacaleey alt. 2300-2500

m, Sept. 1876, EC. Lehmann 7012 (AMES, - same

Cuenca, 19 July 1977, C. Luer 1750 (SEL): ta

Chinchas, alt. 2200 m, collected by A. Andreetta &

M. Portilla, cultivated i in Cuenca, 6 Nov. 1979, C.

Luer 4696 (SEL). Chimborazo: between Huigra and

Alausi, collected by A. Andreetta & M. Portilla,

cultivated at Paute, 16 May 1988, C. Luer 13393

This species is relatively frequent in

the damp forested valleys of semi-arid

southwestern Ecuador and adjacent north-

ern Peru. It is characterized by a loose,

secund raceme of arcuate, greenish white,

more or less purple-spotted flowers borne

by pedicels somewhat longer than the

floral bracts. The sepaline tails are thick

and yellow, and slightly shorter than the

blades. The petals are denticulate and

tridentate at the apex. The lip is white or

yellow and shallowly channeled between

longitudinal calli.

Masdevallia xanthodactyla is similar

to M. melanopus. In addition to much less

pigmented flowers, it is most easily distin-

guished from the latter by pedicels that are

distinctly longer than the floral bracts. In

Thesaurus Masdevalliarum, M. xantho-

dactyla was treated as a synonym of M.

melanopus. Before pointing out this dif-

ference, Reichenbach also considered the

two as belonging to the same species.

Plate 606. Masdevallia xanthodactyla

1182 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 607. Masdevallia xanthodactyla

galls tata i

pres) ae

Pann

— ae ie ee

ER EN AT, epee nN Te eae EN eee ei He eT ey ne ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1183

Masdevallia zygia Luer & Malo, Selbyana 5: 395, 1981.

Ety.:From the Greek zygios, “yoked, or paired,” referring to the two-flowered inflorescence.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls neni i stout, 2.5-3.5 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 loose, imbricating, tubular sheaths. erect, cori long-petiolate, 12-20 cm a long includ-

ing the 6-8 cm long petiole, the blade elliptical, subacete, subplicate, a4 cm: wide, below into

the petiolate base. Inflorescence a simultaneously fl ofte

with an aborted third flower above, bore pi an erect, terete peduncle 18-24 cm ape with a bract ‘below

the middle and another ai t the » 1.5. cm long, 1 cm

wide, e 5 mm long; ovary 3-crested, 5 mm long; sepals

se, suffu sed an spotted with cpihe an eae and oe t within, the dorsal sepal ovate,

esse 17 mm , 13 mm wide, connate to teral sepals for 7 mm to form a cup, the obtuse apex

pia ich contracted into a yellow tail 3. 5 cm long, the lateral vale ovate, 20 mm long, 8 mm wide,

‘onnate 8 white

with sale pcb oblong, 6. 5 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, the apex sae Oideneane apiculate, the upper

—— SNE 1 sarptate above the middle, the a margin with 2 longitudinal callus ending in a

cream, oblong- -ligulate, a. 5 mm long, 2. 5 ona 1 wide, the apex rounde . Tasenash aor } abov ve the

middle

marked with purple, semiterete, 5.5 mm long, with a short, thick foot.

> REESE WHIT,

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud

forest between Loja and eaanes: alt. 2500 m, col-

lected ca. 1975 with M. rosea Lindl. by B. Malo,

cultivated at Tarqui, 8 May 1981, C. Luer 6093

(Holotype: SEL); same collection, cultivated at

Colomborquideas, 10 Apr. 1988, €. ied er 13170

(MO). Pichincha: ve Tandapi, alt. m, col-

lected by M. & F. Navarro, arse in nares A.

Hirtz 5109 (MO).

This, the largest flowered species

of subgenus Amandae, and one of the

rarest, has been recently discovered on the

western slopes of the Andes of central

Ecuador, which causes the locality of the

plant originally described to be doubted.

Except for M. amanda, none of the

numerous other species of the section has

been found on the southeastern slopes.

Masdevallia zygia is easily recognized by

the large habit and a few simultaneous,

large, brown, distantly spaced flowers with

crested ovaries. The sepals and petals do

not vary far from the usual forms found in

the section.

1184 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 608. Masdevallia zygia

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1185

MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS CUCULLATIA

The infrageneric subdivision Cucullatae was proposed in 1878 by Reichenbach

in his description of M. corniculata. With the huge, inflated, cucullate, floral bract,

he noted the affinity of M. corniculata to Lindley’s M. cucullata, based on an 1842

collection by Jean Linden, the first species attributable to the subgenus. The final

four species that now constitute the subgenus of six Andean species have been

added in the past few years.

Masdevallia subgenus Cucullatia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

: 000.

Type: Masdevallia cucullata Lindl

Ety.: From the Latin, cucullus, “‘a hood,” referring to the inflated floral bract.

Sun - A, R

y de hb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 9: 72, 1878.

Syn.: Masdevallia subsect. Cucullatae (Rchb.f.) Veitch, Man. Orch. Pl. 5: 18, 1889.

Plants large, robust, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, shorter than the leaf, mostly

concealed by 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths, the infl ging | lly from near the middle.

Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical to narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate. Inflores-

cence aso itary flower, bo by an erect, stou peduncle. round i ti . with a bract near or at

the base; floral bract large, inflated, enclosing the pedicel, ovary and base of the sepaline tube; pedicel

short, stout; ovary fleshy-carinate; sepals fleshy, variously colored, smooth to rugose within, acute to

obtuse, variously connate into a cup or broad tube, with the apices contracted into tails; petals cartila-

ginous, call | he labell i duci ll t the base, the apex various-

usually

5 = on JF is P

ly verrucose, twisted or channeled; lip thick, oblong, with ] folds tt

chil | kh Lil eae ka - be i. By

o a ss

rt ctont t, ; caluoumn

- } 1 ime

stout, semiterete, the anther ventral, shortly hooded, the stigma ventral, the base of the column developed

int, +, + 1 £ + sth +h f eh

The subgenus Cucullatia is characterized by a robust habit and a solitary, rela-

tively large, strong flower. The inflorescence emerges from the ramicaul a consid-

erable distance above the base. The peduncle is round in cross section. A distinc-

tive, large, inflated, foliaceous floral bract encloses an abbreviated pedicel, a thickly

carinate ovary, and the basal portion of the flower. The sepals are rigidly fleshy.

The apices of the cartilaginous petals are variously thickened, channeled, twisted,

or verrucose. The lip is divided by marginal folds near the middle to create an

epichile and a hypochile.

1186 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SUBGENUS CUCULLATIA

M. calyptrata Kraenzl. = M. corniculata

M. cerastes Luer & Escobar Plate 609.

M. corniculata Rchh f sh Plate 610.

M. corniculata var. inflata (Rchb.f.) Veitch = M. corniculata

M. cucullata Lindl. ....... Plate 611.

M. delhierroi Luer & Hirtz Plate 612.

M. eclyptrata Kraenzl. sphalma = M. corniculata

M. hercules Luer & Andreetta Plate 613.

M. inflata Rchb.f. = M. corniculata

M. vidua Luer & Andreetta Plate 614.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1 Petals with the apex papillose-verrucose we

1” Petals with the apex channeled-verrucose............ 3

2 Sepals smooth within, unstriped; lip with the apex minutely verrucose

ernneeeroueye amanda oe else ded aii .- M. cucullata

2’ Sepals rugose with multiple, fine lines; lip with the apex fringed......... M. hercules

3 Sepals coarsely Tugose-verrucose within..................... .M. cerastes

3’ Sepals more or less rugose, but not coarsely verrucose within -

4 Peduncle less than 8 cm MU ili te M. corniculata

4’ Peduncle more than 12 cm RN Raa aR ene a, 5

| AE TTI secssconsorccecennees stn Nehetnanan tneebicenenasiivson verses ces M. delhierroi

5’ Sepals deep purple, with the blade of the dorsal sepal ca. 27 mm long and con-

TR ident so M. vidua

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1187

Masdevallia cerastes Luer & Escher, eee} 13: 51, 1978.

Ety.: From the Latin cerastes, “a the appearance of the flower.

Plant large, cpio epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, channeled, ae 5-7 cm

— pen — ¢, tubular sheath with 1-2 shorte: citar witaltas at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coria-

cari a de ‘dorsal midrib, 13-25 cm long including the 2. - 10 cm long petiole, the blade

lip, pein 3-4.2 cm wide, cu Inflorescence a large, soli-

ae deep purple flower say e by a stout peduncle 4-4, oe ry mr subtended by a basal bract, from high

n the ramicaul; floral bract inflated, oblique, obtuse m long, ca. 2 cm wide expanded, enclosing

pedicel sues | ovary; pedicel stout, - mm long, 4 mm os. ae white, spotted with purple, 7 mm long;

fe - ‘wile ; :

cal, c concav e, 27 mm lon ong, 20 mm wide expanded, te to the | 1 sepals f 12-13 mm to form a

tabchbeet sepaline | the obt ded

slender, asc pia slender tail 20 mm 1 long; lateral pal more or less ovate, concave basally, 30 mm

long, 10 mm w sath oot

flexed, with di subacu apices contracted

into oe ages 171 mun a hogs petals cardaginows, x white, marked sips purple brown, Ae tg 7mm

long, 2. wide, obtusel n, the apex truncate, convo-

lute, swintod t the base with a ‘anil obtuse, retrorse tooth; lip yellow, spotted with purple-brown, oblong-

subpandurate, arcuate, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, with acute mar. inal folds near the middle, the ralogrs

ovate, obtuse, verrucose, denticulate, the hypochile thick, lightly Lipstick hinged

end; column white, stout, semiterete, 6 mm lon ong, the foot thick, 3 mm long, with an snip nt

COLOMBIA: Putumayo: Valle del Sibundoy, alt.

600 m, Aug. 1977, collected by J. Sieg Serna,

cultivated by Janet see . Be \ } ds, Easton,

CT, 4 Mar. 1978, C. Lu 85 (Holotype: JAUM;

ss a SEL); Valle del sandy, EI Salodo, ca.

cultivated in vied

bh ‘19: 80, P. Ortiz V9 982 ( (COL): same collec

cultivated at Colomborquideas, 18 Mar. 1 1989, °C

Luer 14231 (MO).

This strange species is apparently

endemic in the valley of Sibundoy in

southern Colombia. Similar to sympatric

M. corniculata, from which it is indistin-

guishable vegetatively, it is characterized

by a large, coriaceous leaf, a short pedun-

cle and a large, inflated floral bract that

engulfs the base of the flower.

The large, dark purple flowers are

distinctive with conspicuous, thickly

wrinkled veins on the inner s

Sepals that are inflated toward the base.

The obtuse apices are contracted into

short, slender tails. The channeled apices

of the petals are similar to those of M.

corniculata.

1188 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 609. Masdevallia cerastes

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1189

Masdevallia corniculata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 9: 72, 1878.

Ety.: From the Latin corniculatus, “with a small horn,” referring to the twisted, verrucose horn at

the apex of the petal.

Syn.: Masdevallia inflata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 16: 716, 1881.

Ety.: From the Latin inflatus, “inflated,”

Syn.: Masdevallia corniculata var. inflata (Rchb. t ) Veitch, Man. Orchid. Pl. 5: 37, 1889.

Syn.: Masdevallia calyptrata pogeeey Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 18: 377, 1895, as eclyptrata, et Notizbl

Konig]. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 83, 1

.: From the Latin calyptratus, Ease a caplike covering,”’ referring to the floral bract.

mediu ze bi ashe it Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-6 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, t ubular ths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, petiolate, 10-15 cm long

scion ing the L grgext 3-5 cm long, the blade e elliptical, obtuse, 2. 5-3.3 cm wide, cuneate below into the

anneled cia y ne acs t, erect peduncle 3.5-8 cm long, with a

ror bract, th 1; floral 1 m long, 2 cm wide ex enclosing

the pedicel, ovary, and lower portion of the Sepals; pedi! 2 H ba Tong, Mes to4mm oe ovary 7-10

mm m long, with low , undula gS; sep p ‘0 yellow or orange, with or

t slabrous, the dorsal sepal obl “ts 27am mm ome ee, mm wide, — to the

lateral sepals for 14-18 1 broad sepaline tu tube, t angular, the

obtuse apex contracted into a slender tail 2-5 cm long, the lateral sepals with low, aerate rugae

within, ovate, oblique, 16- 25 mm long, connate 20 mm to ware a shallow mentum, 25-30 mm wide

-3.5 cm long; petals cartilaginous,

llo ow, more or less ovate-oblong, 7.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, carinate ae the ‘apex narrowly

, bot

obtuse, longitudinally channeled and tw twisted, hh aes ngitt y callous,

the labellar margin end t the base; lip ye low, eg or ten purple dots, ob-

long-subpandurate, 6-7 mm long, 3 mm wide, with oblique eden folds near the middle, the epichile

oblong, rounded, , verrucose, the ago daca gs with elevated margins, — on the end: column

white, with or e, 6 mm long, th ng, with a stout, extension.

COLOMBIA: Without collection data, cultivated in

York, England, 1878, by Mr. Backhouse s.n. (Holo-

type: W); without collection data, cultivated by Mr.

oe . n. (holotype of M. inflata: Ww); without i wi

trata pees at B). Santander: west of Vel, 4

2150 m, 5 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar &

E. Valencia 10116 (MO). Boyacs forest near aysalieg

buco, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 9 Nov.

1977, C. Luer 2135 (SEL); same oe alt. a m, 25

Apr. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo

7573 (SEL); between Arcabuco and Moniquiré,

collected by E. Valencia, cultivated at Colomborqui-

deas, 17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13217 ooings

ECUADOR: Sucumbios: La Bonita, alt. 2000 m,

Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5672 (MO); aecten La Bonita

and Rosa Florida, alt. 2000 m, 14 Mar. 1996, S.

rae ri al. 2138 (MO). Morona-Santiago:

Cordi y hoes alt. 1800 on Oct. 1983, col-

oan tes pg hes ta & M. Portilla, cultivated at

Paute, 16 Mar. 1984, = Luer 9532 orks i Om

in forest west of San Juan Bosco, alt. 1600 m, 4 Apr.

1988, W. Teague s.n. (MO).

Reichenbach described M. corniculata from a cultivated plant from the collec-

tion of Mr. Backhouse of York, England. It was known to have been collected by

both Carder and Shuttleworth in Colombia. It occurs in all three cordilleras of

Colombia and on the eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador.

Masdevallia corniculata is recognized by the large, inflated floral bract that

engulfs the pedicel, ovary, and the basal part of the flower. The flower is borne on

a pedicel considerably shorter than the leaves. The color of the sepals of plants

from Ecuador is purple, but yellow, orange, and purple-spotted forms are known

from Colombia. The inner surface of the lateral sepals is rugose-verrucose. The

horn-like apex of the petals is channeled, twisted, and verrucose.

1190

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 610. Masdevallia corniculata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1191

Masdevallia cucullata Lindl., a Lind. 4, 1846.

Ety.: From the Latin cucullatus, “ hooded,” in reference to the large floral bract.

Plant large, robust, epiphytic to terrestrial, Caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 6-12 cm

long, enclosed by — inte, tabelay: sheaths. Leaf coriaceous, erect, petiolate, 10-20 cm long including

the petiole 4-6 cm lo te to obtuse, 2.5-3.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into

the channeled petiole. ‘Inflorescence z a solitary flower borne by an erect, stout peduncle 15-20 cm long,

with a tubular bract below the middle, from high or near the middle of the ramicaul; floral bract broadly

cucullate, 3 cm long, Re yee the pedicel, ovary, and much of the abaxial Ss connate

cm, 2 cm wide exp d; pedicel stout, 3-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; ovary 7-10 mm long, with 3 un-

dulate ribs; schie, oe red- seers: arate or less yellowish toward the base, glabrous, the veins promi-

nee cextemally, the dorsal sepal elli al, 27 mm long, 4 neers wide, , connate to the lateral Sepals for 14

sepaline ee

il 5 cm long, gradi i the apex, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 35 mm

aa 18 mm wide, connate ‘17 mm to form d bove the mentu: m with the column-

foo a. 4.5 cm long; petals cartilaginous,

ota suffused with purple at the apex, elliptical, 7 mm es 2, 5; mm wide, narrowed toward the trun-

yn verrucose sae , the lower margin with a longitudinal callus; lip deep purple, oblong, 6.5 mm long,

i lique marginal folds near the middle, the epichile oblong, lose, the disc

ih channeled, eo base subcordate with elevated margins, hinged below; column suffused with

out, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm long, with a short, incurved ex!

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: epiphytic in a

forest near Fusagasuga, alt. 7,200 ft., Dec. 184

Linden 869 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: BR, Ww); neath; sP 7

San Miguel near Fusagasuga, alt. 2700-2800 m, 16

Feb. 1941, J. Renz 3571 (BAS); Sayan ve: alt.

1800 m, Dec. 1939, J. Renz 359] (BAS); northeast of

Bogoté, alt. 2800 m, 27 si i 941, J. Renz 4172

2200-2500 m, Dec. 4891, o ae

alt. 2500 m, 2 Dec. 195 , M. Ospina H. 86 (AMES),

Lehmann 5028 (AMES, K, LE); Alto de las Cruces,

collected by R. Escobar, A. Mejfa et al., cultivated by

M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 21 Sept. 1977, R.

Escobar s.n. (JAUM); Caldas, Alto de San Miguel,

Morro Gil, alt. 2450 m, 23 Nov. 1974, Rodrigo Escobar et al. s.n. (AUM); Medellin, TV Station of

Santa Helena, alt. 2700 m, 1966, M. Ospina 296 (JAUM); Cerro Padre Amaya, alt. 2300 m, collected by

M. & O. Robledo et al., cultivated at La Ceja, 29 July 1972, R. Escobar 545 (JAUM). Cauca: San

Antonio, “San José,” alt. 2400-2700 m, 1 July 1922, FW. Pennell 7592 (AMES); east of Moscopan, alt.

2400-2500 m, 2 Feb. 1947, J. Cuatrecasas 23646 (AMES, COL, F). Tolima: Rio Cabrera, alt. 2300 m, 9

Jan. 1883, F.C. Lehmann 2365 (G); Tambo, between Uribe and Quebraditas, La Gallera, alt. 2200 m,

collected by R. Escobar, cultivated at Colomborqufdeas, 8 Nov. 1980, R. Escobar s.n. n. (JAUM). Putu-

mayo: Valle del Sibundoy, alt. 2100-2200 m, collected by O. Ospina, cultivated in Sibundoy, 4 Mar.

1979, R. Escobar s.n. (JAUM).

ECUADOR: Carchi: terrestrial on the road embankment above Maldonado, alt. 2000 m, 25 Aug. 1978,

C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 3413 (SEL) t alt. 2300 m, 17 Mar. 1991, C.

Luer, J. Luer, J. del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 1514] (MO). Imbabura: Los Cedros Reserva, alt. 2100 m,

Feb. 1993, S. Dalstrém 1938 (MO). Pichincha: Valley of Lloa, W. Jameson s.n. (K, W); terrestrial on

the road embankment near Chiriboge, alt. 1600 m, 26 July 1967, Cc. H. Dodson, N.H. Williams & R.

Adams 3822 (MO, SEL). Morona fC collected by A.

Andreetta, cultivated in Cuenca, 26 Oct. 1982, C. Luer 8199 (SEL).

This large species is frequent in Colombia, becoming less frequent in Ecuador.

It was first collected in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia by the Belgian Jean

Linden in 1842. The solitary flower is produced from a peduncle arising near or

above the middle of the ramicaul. A large, inflated floral bract encloses the pedicel,

ovary, and the bases of the sepals. The flowers are usually dark purple, but yellow

flowers are not rare. The tails of the sepals are the longest of the subgenus. The

tips of the petals are simply verrucose.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1192

eta FPP Oy ee

fee oe nt EY apt Perab ae Terese

eS Cn Fei poreremties wore ah ta

Plate 611. Masdevallia cucullata

oie hans

ASTI

a, eee a

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1193

rn | delhierroi Luer & Airtz, benno te 8: 42, 1993.

, Ecuador, discoverer of this species.

Plant large, epiphytic, ar coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 5-8 cm long, enclosed by 2-

3 loose, tubular sheat erect, coriaceous, garners 15-20 cm long including a petiole 2-3 cm

long, the blade narrowly ae ece subacute, nn m wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole.

gle y peti —— cm long, with a bract near the

from - ear th floral bract inflated, broadly ovate, concave, 15-20 mm long, 15-18

mm w bree oanuce the pedicel, ovary and lower site of the flower; pedicel stout, 3 mm

long; ovary see 5 mm long; clear yellow, glabrous, smooth within, with the margins sehr

erose, the al sepal obovate, 9 mm long, 17mm wide, ‘connate to the lateral sepals | for 12 mm to

form a gaping, 3.5 cm

siti the lateral sepals ovate, obtuse, oblique, 22 mm long, connate 18 mm int 32 mm

g; petals orange, ovate, 7 mm long, 3 mm

aa ri apex acute, thickened, verrucose, channeled, the labellar margin broadly dilated; lip yellow,

eine thick, oblong, er 3 mm wide, the oblique marginal folds near the middle, the

cal half obtuse t 0 rounded, min tely verrucose, the disc longitudinally channeled, the base subcordate,

» Semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot stout, 3 mm long with a short, in-

curved extension.

ECUADOR: Pastaza: epiphytic in forest of iggy

Hirtz, J. del Hierro, S. Dalstrém, ap era et ‘al.

4718 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 14718.

This large, yellow-flowered species

from a remote area of east-central Ecuador

is closely related to both M. corniculata

and M. vidua. From them it is distin-

guished by the consistently pure yellow

flowers with sepals that are smooth wi

All three species are characterized by

channeled, verrucose, and twisted apices

of the petals.

From M. corniculata this species is

distinguished by the larger flowers with

less deeply connate sepals that are smooth

internally, and borne by much longer

peduncles. Yellow forms of M. cornicula-

ta are known to occur within populations

with darkly colored flowers. From M.

vidua this species is distinguished by the

smaller, gaping flower with a proportion-

ately shorter, inflated, sepaline tube.

1194 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 612. Masdevallia delhierroi

eS ee, ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1195

ase th sano shoe Luer & Andreetta, Lindleyana = 198, 1988.

Ety.: D

= a —)

Plant v = large for the genus, ~~ caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 8-22 SG

long, enclosed by 2-3 long, inflated, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical,

15-28 cm long including the petiole 3- 6 cm long, 3-6. ad cm wide, the base cuneate into the ssasaiiad

petiole. I by rect pedunc — 10-13 cm jong, with a | bract at the

base, from above the middle of th i floral t nflated, cucullat

ovary and the base of the flower, 2-2.5 cm long, 3-3.5 cm ‘elders expanded sd) vesicle “an long, 5 mm

wide, with a filamen' t 4 mm long; ovary 10 mm long, with pairs of low, undulating ribs ; Sepals rigid,

fleshy, yellow, heavily suffused , with multiple purple veins below the

renin the dorsal | sepal yellow, obovate, 421 mm long, 21 mm wide, connate to the lateral

1 sepaline tube oa

yellow tail 4 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, gages 351 mm ad connate to each ‘other for 23 mm to

per a broad, pie a ose lamina 50 mm wide expa

ong; petals w laginous, oblon bt angled on the

pave margin, 7 mm rie 3. 5 mm | wide, ‘the apex prowhands shortly ppillose- denial: lip yellow,

spotted with brown, thick, subpandurate, 8 mm tons, 4 mm wide, with den marginal folds above

the middle, the epichile i, fimbriate, minutely ru aes trucose, the hypochile

Vibtte Serge at the base, hinged beneath; emo hacen Tigh ye LN with dark purple margins,

rete, 8 mm long, the foot thick, 5 mm long, with

ECUADOR: Moro: ma-Santiago: Valle del Paute, alt.

2200 m, collected by A. Andreetta, M. Portilla & L.

Morocho, cultivated at Paute, 17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer f

13256 (Holotype: MO). 4

COLOMB MBIA. Huila: Valley of Rfo Cedro, southeas ’ )

of Pitalito, alt. 1300 m, Jan. 1943, R.E. Schultes & iM. "4 Sesrc

Sekincset ‘521 9 (AMES).

This gigantic species has perhaps the

largest vegetative parts of any species of se ra

the genus, but the flowers are not as large ~_

as those of the Colombian M. elephanti- Pe. NY

ceps, M. macrura, or M. pachysepala. The ae ue wo i

first known collection of M. hercules was ‘lat ae ‘a

made by Richard E. Schultes in southeast- oy -

ern Colombia in 1943, but the specimen Js

lay unidentified at AMES. The species

was discovered in eastern Ecuador nearly tus A

a half century later. aaa

The nga’ thickly rigid flower, thinly 5 inc:

striped in dark purple and rugose within, is >

engulfed at the base by a foliaceous bract &

similar to that of related species. The erect A

lip with a fimbriate epichile can be seen

within the deep but gaping sepaline cup. The tips of the petals are narrowed and

papillose. The yellow sepaline tails are about as long as the blades.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1196

MEST

Plate 613. Masdevallia hercules

ee ae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1197

Masdevallia vidua Luer & Andreetta, a 3: 207, 1988.

Ety.: From the Latin vidua, “a widow,’ Z noperring 0 the dark, hooded flower. The “widow” i isa

~SMIMINUIG WHEIC they

are encountered relatively frequently.

t large ae caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-

3 inflated, rabaiae sheaths. Leaf erect, a coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 1 1- 18 cm long

includi “ the petiole me cm long, 2-3.5 cm

cence a single ‘flower borne by a si tout, eet peduncle 10-19 em Jong, with a bract at the base, hous nner

the middle of ovary, and the

base of the flower, 2 cm long, 2 cm wide expanded; pees L 5 mm gh 3 mm n wide, with a filament 2

mm long; vias a 7-10 mm long, with 3 pairs of low crests; sepals rigid, fleshy, subcarinate, deep purple,

gia roms, the ve ins prominent w: within, the paar: /Sepal oblong, 27 mm 1 long, 16 mm wide, connate to the

aline tube

contracted into a dark purple tail 3.5 cm long. the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 35 mm long, « connate to

cach other for 27 mm to form a broad lamina 31 mm wide expand

k purple tails 2.5 cm long; petals white, spotted with purple, paca lena oblong, oblique, obtusely

tate on the upper margin, 7.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex orange, oblique, acute, curved upward,

hanneled, minutely verrucose; lip brown n, Pg with darker brown, eck subpandurate, 6 mm long, 3

mm wide , with gir b obtuse, minutely Bares denticu-

late, the h et a L r) ‘sk te 4 : colum: stout, rose,

suffused with dark al ‘semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm ag with an ea extension.

tu-

itiago: Cordill

cu, alt. 1800 m, collected by A. Andreetta & M.

Isotype: sg Ce Cc

dillera del Cutucd, alt. 1400 1 m, ¢ ted by A a }

Andreetta & M. Portilla, Oct. 1983, pares at 4 jr

Paute, 16 Mar. 1984, C. Luer 9532 (MO). Tee

Vegetatively, this coarse species is 4

considerably larger than, but similar to two FE ne

other species of the subgenus: M. cornicu- ‘ a Ae

lata and M. delhierroi. Masdevallia vidua ee *

was discovered by Padre Angel Andreetta re 3 1

and Mario Portilla in the Cordillera de org

Cutucu in eastern Ecuador, where it is aa la

apparently endemic.

The species is most similar to M.

delhierroi, differing in larger, deep purple ce rr

or purple-black flowers with a longer ae ell

sepaline tube. In addition to these :

features, it also differs from M. cornicula- )

ta by a much longer peduncle. The twist- &

ed, channeled apices of the petals are &

similar in all three species. :

1198 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 614. Masdevallia vidua

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1199

MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS FISSIA

Reichenbach originally indicated Fissae as an unranked, infrageneric category

for Masdevallia falcago, M. picturata, and M. uncifera, referring to the deeply cleft,

or shallowly connate sepals of three species with otherwise very different charac-

ters. Being not closely related, either to M. picturata or to each other, Masdevallia

falcago and M. uncifera are treated in subgenus Masdevallia.

Masdevallia subgenus Fissia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10,

2000.

Type: ee picturata Rchb.f.

Mas From the Latin fissus, “cleft,” referring to the essentially free sepals.

.: Masdevallia sect. Fissae Rchb.f., Otia Bot. labetaaia 16, 1878.

+ ll Sb + 1

" i _Ramicauls erect, ees abbreviated,

with 2-3 loose, imbri the infl ing ly fr base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, petiola te. Inflorescence a solitary wet er, borne by an

erect, dues ne eacte round in cross section, with a rst near or at the base; floral ‘weil inflated,

enclosing the pedicel and ovary ary with markedly tortuous ss aetna: sepals mem-

branous, colorful, glabr Tous, fe fom uch te or bar oat a hea at to obtuse, caudate or

ecaudat tal g g p h

1 tridentate; lip oblong, w ith marginal folds that divide th ip i pichile and

hypochil, the eae: : d h ion from the column-foot; column

miterete, the anther ventral, shortly hooded, the stigma ventral, the base of the col devel

salen" foot with the apex of the ovary.

Based on M. picturata, the subgenus Fissia is characterized vegetatively by a

small and densely caespitose habit with narrowly linear or narrowly obovate leaves.

The peduncles are slender, terete, and single-flowered. The ovaries are deeply

tortuous-undulate. The sepals are essentially free from each other. Although long-

caudate in M. picturata, the sepals are tailless in the other two species of the subge-

nus. The petals are callous on the labellar margin with the apex sharply tridentate.

The lip is oblong and obtuse, with marginal folds near the middle that divide the lip

into an epichile and a hypochile.

The criteria of a single-flowered inflorescence, free sepals, and a divided lip are

not accommodated in another subgenus of Masdevallia. In addition, the tortuous-

lamellate ovary is distinctive.

1200 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTED TO SUBGENUS FISSIA

M. cryptocopis Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. = M. picturata

M. meleagris Lindl. sensu Rchb.f. = M. picturata

M. mutica Luer & Escobar Plate 615.

M. ocanensis Kraenzl. = M. picturata

M. picturata Rchb.f. Plate 616.

M. picturata Rchb.f. var. minor Cogn. = M. picturata

M. picturata Rchb.f. subsp. minor (Cogn.) Luer = M. picturata........ Plates 617, 618.

M. pl thalloides [_uer Plate 619.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1 Sepals with tails M. picturata

jy ial Pp J “1 9

2 Floral bract tubular, shorter than the pedicel; lateral sepals acute.................sesese0++

M. pleurothalloides

2’ Floral bract inflated, longer than the pedicel; lateral sepals obtuse

Pee meres eseserernseeeaee

cae

cede ues pice uidailegiia

{

ate Pt si

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1201

vallia mutica Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 13: 88, 1978.

Ety: From the Latin muticus, “with a point, tailless,” in allusion to the very abbreviated or absent

tails.

it small, — — roots sl

by 2 thin, tubular shea

including a petiole aces cm ee 0 ee 9 cm wide,

petiole. Inflo i

ender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed

ect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, acute to

subacute, 4-8 cm long

narrowed below into the slender, blackish

gradually

er, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 5-10 cm long, with a is

n the eae floral bract i inflated, ¢ 8 mm long, enclosing the Pedice:

low

ovary; ez 1.5-6 mm pesca ovary mm long, with

light yellow-green with purple spots, wi

sepal o rh acute to subacute, 1014 oa mm long, 5-6

wee wide, 3-vei ned, free from the lateral regs the

cbong, oblique, subacute to obtuse, 12-15 mm i

wide, 3-veined, connate | mm pte the base;

bectrsin Sepia oblong, 5-5.5 mm long, 2-2.5

x sharply ident, the labellar

argin obtuse proc id

ai ana nd blade of we ene lip yellow,

suffused and mo! with red, thick, oblong-subpan-

durate, igs “8 mm foe 3 mm wide, the sides with

a callus, the disc sulcate between longitudinal calli

that emai ue forward to the apex, the base subcor-

date with the lobes } concave, hinged 1 ben eath; column

green, suffi , semi-

terete, 5 mm ei the foot 2-3 mm long, with a short,

incurved extens:

COLOMBIA: Without collection data, flowered in

cultivation by M. & O. Robled:

Robledo at La Cea, 16 Oct. sem Cc. Bees 2051

(clonotype: S . Risaralda: José del Palmar,

to de Los Caliags, alt. 2000 n m, collected by E.

Valencia, Sept. 1990, cultivated at Colo lomborquideas,

5 May 1993, C. Luer 16717 (MO). Valle del Cauca:

El Cairo, Cerro de sca a de los Paraguas,

alt. 2260-2300 m, 3 Jan. 1 Silverstone-Sopkin

et al. 2923 (CUVC, MOL €. sll oe 19315.

Masdevallia mutica is uncommon in

the Western Cordillera of Colombia.

Although allied to M. picturata, this spe-

cies is most closely allied to the tailless

Panamanian M. pleurothalloides from

lower altitudes. The two species are

separated only by several minor features.

The leaves and pedicels of M. mutica are

twice longer; the floral bract is inflated

and encircling a much shorter, abbreviated

pedicel and ovary; the sepals are longer

and twice as broad, with the apices of the

laterals being obtuse instead of acute; and

the lip is thick with cavities in the basal

lobes of the lip.

Slik Wille to

snlcebesinclilly Gee mineiens CURIOS webaelan er dence

> Y

: Li

: CALS

. es 4

Plate 615A. Masdevallia mutica

emer ne

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1202

= *

Plate 615. Masdevallia mutica

| a oe

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1203

—— pe eevee Rchb. f., sae: Bot. oe i ee Sv

Ety.: F —_ ratus, * referring to

is Lindl. sensu Rchb.f. eb part Soren a 08 Lind

Ety.: From the Latin meleagris, “a peacock,”’in allusion to the colorful fl

Syn.: Masdevallia arte Rchb.f. var. minor Cogn., Fl. Bras. oy a 1896.

Ety.: From the Latin “lesser,” referring to the smaller hab

Syn.: Masdevattia ocanensis Kraenzl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Vee 18: 429, 1921.

Ety.: Named for the community of was collected.

Syn.: Niguatiiatiie: cryptocopis Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl., pRees, Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 128,

1925.

Syn.: M Wi.

Ety.: From the Greek cryptocopis, “‘a hidden kitchen knife,” referring to the petals.

Syn.: Rodrigoa cryptocopis (Kraenzl.) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 220, 1979.

Syn.: Masdevallia picturata subsp. minor (Cogn.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16:

12, 1986

mall to medium in size, epiphytic to terrestrial, caespitose; roots slender.

Ramicauls slender,

blackish, erect, 2-20 mm teks patent by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec rect, coriaceous, 2-7 Som

long —_— a agen 1- 2 cm long, 0. 3-1. 1 cm wi l

obtuse

“Inflo a 3 a solitary color.

ful reo produc: a slender, erect peduncle 3-10 cm ak with a bract near the base, from

the ramicaul; fore oe 6-10 mm long; pedicel 4-6 mm long; ovary 2-4 mm lon ong, w: with 6 irregular,

et tortuous, undulating peneline ; Sepals white, sometimes faintly ioe with yellow or green,

irr potted

ith pari. he te, green or purple tails

2-7 cm eng the margins o' o— rae , especially d . fi

ovate, 8-12 mm long, aaa mm wi Is brigh d the bases, oblong, oblique, 8-

mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, connate 1-3 mm 0 form a a short n mentum; petals white to greenish or

yellowish white, sometimes suffused with orange, elliptical, 5-7 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the apex

tridentate with an obtuse, flattened callus extending

from above the base to near the middle; lip yellow, flecked or suffused with brown or purple, ovate to

subpandurate, 5-9 be ote 1 54 mm w de, with obtuse ‘marginal folds near the middle, the apical half

ted, obovate, aoa sulcate — the

, semi-

h pa SNe eae

base

terete, 4-6 mm ae the foot 1.5-2 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1204

5 mm

5 cm

Plate 616. Masdevallia picturata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1205

VENEZUELA: near Caracas, alt. 6,000 ft., July 1850, Wagener s.n. ned gony ath Oa ao se

Tovar, 1854-1857, A. Fendler 1363 (AMES, BR, G, K, MO); Caracas, H. Karsten s.n (W). Bolé

Ptari-tepui, alt. 1800 m ov. 1944, JA. Sinsaeres 59812 (AMES, VEN); Ilu-tepui, rs 2550 m, 2 20

Mar. 1952, B. Maguire pie (AMES, NY); Auyén-tepui, alt. 1660 m, 12 May 1964, J Steyermark

eae # (AMES, NY). ‘gr ira: between F undacién egitim alt. 1700 m, 15 see 1951, J. Renz

li 2 Sept. 1951, J. and 7315 (BAS).

feces A: Mt. chat ste Mt. Roraima Expediti on, oe he "1884-1885, G.S. Jenman & E.F. im Thurn

279 (BM, K); Mt. Roraima, alt. 3,500 ft., 1898, FV. McConnell & J.J. Quelch 904 (K).

point RICA: Alajuela: Viento etre alt. 1600-1 ae be be 1926, P.C. oat & R. Torres

: abo alt. 5,250-5,500 ft. s 503 (W); A. alientes,

pie ach m, 5 Jan. 1882. F.C. pyc ne 1076 (BR); La Peel 9 Jan. 1923, C.H. Lankester i

(AMES); hills south of Cartago, June 1923, C.H. Lankester 473 (AMES). Heredia: V:

ai m, Apr. 1938, A.F. Skutch 3758 (AMES); Cerro de Las Lajas, north of San Isidro, - pong bees

Mar. 1925, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 51481, 51498, 51552 (AMES): Cerro de las viene neg

re Isidro, alt. 2000-2400 m, 11 Mar. ety P.-C. Standley & J. Valerio 52354 ( ); ¥

northeast of San Isidro, alt. 2000 m , 22 Feb. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 49070, pias ah

se above Tablén, alt. 1930 m, 21 July 1983, R. Escobar, L.D. Gomez & R. Alfaro 3042 (CR,

ve San Cristébal Norte, alt. 1780 m, 26 Mar. 1995, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. Atwood & Dora Mora

48034, 48061 (AMES); La Carpintera, alt. 1700 m, 28 Mar. 1984, M.W. Chase 84401 (CR); Tabiazo, alt.

ee - = 1978, C. Todzia 192 (CR).

hiriqui: Cerro Hornito, north of Gualaca, alt. 2238 m, 26 July 1975, S. Mori & A. Bolten

Sate pat Cerro Hornito, alt. 1700 m, 15 Dec. 1976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R. Dressler, N. Williams 1365

(SEL).

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Ocajia, Bruchmiiller s.n. (holotype of M. ocanensis: W); Perico, alt.

6,000 ft., Jan. 1878, rpg 602 (holotype of M. cryptocopis: W); near Agua che la Virgin, west of

Ocafia, alt. 1650 m, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7698 (AMES, MO, a : between

Santa Barbara shih Guskce. wai 2k8b ta. 14 May 1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 7868 (SEL); Alto de Santa

= alt. 2250 m, 13 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10334 (MO); west of Velez,

ard Landazuri, alt. 2500 m, 4 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10102 (MO).

eats between Duitama and cies alt. 2300 m, 1 June 1982, C. Luer, R. peeping D. Portillo 8048

(AMES, SEL). Cundinamar adita, between San Miguel and Fusagasuga, alt. 1900 m, 8 June

1941, J. Renz 3582 (BAS); ah ie si Miguel, alt. 2800 m, 10 Aug. 1941, J. Renz 3573 (BAS); Monte

do near Quetame, alt. 1700 m, 16 Dec. 1950, M. Schneider 427 (S). i collection

data, Patin s.n. (W); without collection data, G. Schmidtchen s.n. (W); Rio Negro, La Ceja, alt. 1700-

2200 m, F.C. Lehmann 7024 (AMES, K, LE); El Retiro, Hda. Normandia, alt. 2500 m, 2 Mar. 1956, M.

Ospina H. 68 (AMES, COL); Quirama, Rfo Negro, i 2100 m, 13 July 1973, R.E. Schultes $n.

(AMES); Cocorné, Quebrada El Biadal, alt. 1830 m, 20 Nov. 1983, A. Juncosa 1362 (MO); Rio Cocorné,

alt. 1900 m, 2 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. cna E. Valencia 10085 (MOQ); above Miraflores

dam, alt. 2050 m, 15 May 1985, C. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 11367 (MO); TV antenna, east of

Santo Domingo, alt. 2170 m, 12 May 1985, C. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 11347 (MO); Urrao,

Parqué Nacional Natural ‘Las Orquideas,” confluencia de los rfos Polo y Calles, alt. 1380 m, 26 Mar.

1988, A. pie J.G. Ramirez & O. ‘Alvares 2616 (JAUM, MO); Caramanta, Vereda Barroblanco, -

m, 14 Oct. 1988, J. Betancur, F.J. Roldén & I. Castafio 982 (JAUM, MO); Caldas, La

Finca La Zarza, alt. 2440 m, 24 May 1985, L. Albert de Escobar & J.R. Giraldo 5269 (JAUM, MO),

Tamesis, Rio Frio, alt. 2100 m, 9 Nov. 1989, R. Fonnegra we 3225 (JAUM, MO); La Ceja, copper

mine above La Ceja, alt. 2400 m, 16 Apr. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 13191 (MO); Yarumal,

road to El Cedro, alt. 1850 m, 15 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, S. Dalstrém & W. Teague 14169 (MO);

between Concordia and Betulia, alt. 2100 m, 29 May 1995, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 17627 (MO).

: above Sta. Rosa de Cabal, alt. 2080 m, 19 Nov. 198s, He ead & A. DeWilde 2029 (COL,

SEL). Caldas: between Manizales and Termales del Ruiz, alt. 2500 m, 4 Apr. 1956, J. Renz 8574

(BAS). Tolima: Rio Cabrera, ee 2000 m, 10 Jan. 1883, F ry ‘Lehmann 2344 (BR, G). Valle del

Cauca: Tocotd, Rio de Salado, alt. 1600-1800 m, 10 Mar. 1883, EC. Lehmann 2732 (holotype of var.

minor. BM; isolectotypes: BR, ar El Tambo, alt. 2000 m, 3 May 1883, FC. Lehmann 2787 (G); west of

Cali, = ee m, 21 Apr. 1885, EC. Lehmann 4309 (G); highlands of Popay4n, alt. 1600-1800 m, Oct.

1901, F.C. Lehmann 7011, B.T. 178, 179 (AMES, K, W); El Tambo, alt. 1700 m, 21 Nov. 1934, K. “

Sacks 122 (AMES, S); Morro Pelado, wt 2270-2320 m, 17 Oct. 1944, J. yin 181

if ). Narifio: Ricaurte, La Planada, alt. m, 28 Nov. 1976, Olga de Benevidas 732 (MO, PSO).

ECUADOR: Carchi: epiphytic i in cloud tie between Tulcén and Maldonado, alt. "980 m,2 Ap

1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim & T. Héijer 9916 (MO) a n 17

Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz ay "(MO). Pichincha: Rio Topo, “ ~

m, May 1984, A. Hirtz 1752 (MO). Morona-Santiago: Tumbes, alt. 1800-1900 m, Mar. a :

strém 1941 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Chochunbleva alt. 1750 m, C. Luer, A irtz, W.

Flores, A. Andreetia & W. Teague 13574 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: “Loja,” A. Hiibsch (W), epiphy-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 617. Masdevallia Picturata

(subsp. minor)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1207

W. Flores 10829 (MO); Nudo de Sabanilla, between Yangana and Valladolid, alt. 2800-2900 m,

5 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 23714 (GB).

seas Junin: Huassahuasi, alt. 3000 m, collected rice J. Meza, flowered in cultivation i be Munich,

any, 15 May 1980, by W. Kéniger s.n. (SEL). H : Diez m, M. Arias

Wee (SEL, USM). Pasco: Oxapampa, between Villarica and Cacazu, alt. 1200 m, 24 Apr. "1991, D.

eng 5058 (M (MO).

IA: La Paz: Sud Yungas, Rio Unduavi, alt. 2450 m, 6 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez

pte (SEL). Cochabamba: Chapare, road to Tablas, alt. 1800 m, Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.

Vasquez 5219 (SEL).

This little species is greatly variable in size in its wide distribution through

Central America and the Andes of South America. It is one of the most common

and widely distributed species of the genus. Although abundant in some areas, it is

uncommon in others. The variations are too inconstant and too numerous to name.

The type at W (Vienna) is a watercolor painting of the large variation usually seen

at higher altitudes. Smaller variations grow abundantly either epiphytically or ter-

restrially, often on the clay embankments of road cuts, and either in full sun or full

shade.

The species is characterized by the caespitose habit with a distinctive flower

with essentially free, white, purple-spotted, long-tailed sepals that form an orange

mentum with the column-foot. The smaller, less colorful, longer-tailed variations

often found at lower altitudes have been segregated into subspecies minor. The

larger, more colorful variations with proportionately shorter tails included in the

typical species are often found in cold, wet forests at higher altitudes. The ovary is

covered by tortuous, undulating carinae. The petals are sharply tridentate at the

apex. The shallowly sulcate md is divided into an epichile and hypochile by obtuse

marginal folds near the mi

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1209

Masdevallia A ecdekesmmea ya Luer, Selbyana 3: 218, 1976.

sii Named for th fi bl f the fl fl f tk Pleurothallis.

small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-7 mm long, enclosed

by 2 ai tubular sheaths. Leaf e erect, co riaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 15-35 cm long ——

an indistinct petiole, 4-8 mm wide, grad

solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 3 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low on

e aboapanet floral bract tubular, 3 mm long; aoa 4mm au bse! 1 5 mm Jong, with eens

sepals eRe ae yer — or pale oran tted with micro-

hte ciliate es narrowly o vate, acute, 9 5 mm long,

3.5 mm wide, 3-vein serail free trom the lateral wane a the lateral sepals with thickened, bright orange

patches toward the base, ol oblique, acute, 9.25 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3- barely connate at

i base; petals white, oblong unguiculate, o mm long, Imm wide, the apex sharply tridentate, the

labellar

until it disappears near ae ae lip bright orange with red flecks bel ; narrowly oblong-

subpandurate, 6 ide, the sides with oblique folds above th igh ly

A é, £12 she AS a)

sulcate between the marginal folds, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column green, slender, se semi-

terete, 4 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

PANAMA: Panamié: epiphytic in cloud forest on

Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 12 Nov. 1967, R.L. Dressler

i ered in cultivation 25 Nov. C. Luer,

J. Luer & P. Taylor 1281 (SEL); same area, near

antenna, alt. 900 m, 30 Dec. 1987 herson

11925 (MO); same area,

E. Olmos, 23 Nov. 2001, cultivated in Wilmington,

DE by M. Rao 12] (MO).

This species is closely related to the

common and variable M. picturata. The

tailless sepals, the most obvious differen-

tiating feature, are essentially free from

each other. The acutely tridentate petals

and the lip with marginal folds are very

similar to those of M. Picturata.

Masdevallia pleurothalloides is appar-

ently endemic in the wet forested hills east

of Panama City. Superficially, it appears

very similar to sympatric species of Pleur-

othallis such as P. brighamii S.Watson or

P. fulgens Rchb.f. It is most closely allied to the Colombian M. mutica, but it is

best distinguished from the latter by the acute, instead of obtuse, apices of the later-

al sepals, and a slender, tubular floral bract that encloses the pedicel, instead of

inflated and enclosing the pedicel and the ovary.

1210 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 619. Masdevallia pleurothalloides

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1211

MASDEVALLIA suBGENUS MELEAGRIS

The first species attributable to this subgenus was described by Professor Lin-

dley in 1845 as M. meleagris from a Colombian collection by Hartweg. The only

other species from the nineteenth century, M. heteroptera and M. fasciata, were

added by Reichenbach in 1875 and 1881 respectively. Both were collected presum-

ably near Medellin, but, as with most early collections, localities are vague. These

two species are similar and closely allied; they were treated as one species in

Thesaurus Masdevalliarum. The remaining seven species were added in the twen-

tieth century.

The ten species known today constitute a well-defined taxon treated as a subge-

nus of Masdevallia. All the species grow epiphytically in wet forests at high or

relatively high altitudes in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.

Braas proposed the genus Rodrigoa for them in 1979, but all the species meet criti-

cal criteria for the genus Masdevallia including the most specific: callous petals and

a lip hinged to a free extension of the column-foot.

SUBGENUS MELEAGRIS

Masdevallia subgen. Meleagris Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16:

51, 1986.

Type: Masdevallia meleagris Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 257, 1845.

Ety.: From the Latin, or the Greek meleagris, ‘‘a guinea-fowl, or a peacock,”’ referring to the color-

fully banded flowers.

Syn.: Rodrigoa Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 203, 1979.

Ety.: N dinh f Rodrigo Escobar R. of Medellin, Colombia, who sent specimens to Braas.

, £.

UF LUI)

Plants very small to large, weak to robust, pit to shortl y g-repent; to many,

slender to coarse or fleshy. Ramicauls ascending to erect, rarely descending, slender to stout, shorter

than the leaf, partially or completely enclosed by 2-3 imbricating sheaths, the infl , rging

laterally from near the base or near the middle. Leaf erect in relation to the ramicaul, thinly to thickly

coriaceous, elliptical to narrowly elliptical or obovate to narrowly obovate, the apex acute, obtuse to

ounded, shallowly notched at the apex, the b t dly to narrowly t i pet Inflores-

cence a solitary flower, or ssively few-fl d l gested, longer or shorter than

the leaf, the peduncle slender to stout, short or long, round in cross section, shaggy-scabrous in one spe-

cies, with 1-3 bracts; floral t hin; pedicel slender to stout, longer or shorter than the floral bract;

oth, carinate to verrucose, trivalvate with the ribs smooth to carinate; membranous to

thickly fleshy, variously colored, smooth to verrucose or pubescent within, broad to narrow, acute to

obtuse, variously fe ee pleut cup or tube, usually with the apices contracted into tails

that are rarely subclavate; petals thin to cartilaginous, usually longitudinally callous, with or without

Producing a p tooth on the labellar half or margin, at or above the base; to thick, simple,

oblong, ovate to obovate, the apex acute, obtuse to rounded, sm to verrucose, with or without a

callus, entire or denticulate, the disc smooth or with a pair of longitudinal calli, the base truncate to

cordate, hinged on the end ‘as b th; col iterete, the anther ventral, more or less hooded, the

ap margins of the column entire to lightly toothed, the rostellum retrorse, the pollinia 2, the stigma

ventral, the base of the column developed into a column-foot with the apex of the ovary, with an in-

curved t zs: *, oa aes ge. © ov hadl

y Vail

The subgenus Meleagris is characterized by relatively thin, coriaceous leaves

with the petiole distinctly conduplicate. The slender peduncle, round in CTOSS SeC-

tion, commonly ascends in the groove. A few, successive flowers are borne in a lax

1212 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

petals are variously callous along the labellar Margin, and the lip is delicately

hinged beneath by a thin strap to the extension of the column-foot.

* * *

The status of M. bathyschista is not clear. It appears to belong to M. subgenus

Meleagris, but the true identity of the species will never be known. The type-

specimen, a collection by the mysterious collector Madero, was destroyed at Berlin-

and 1925, Kranzlin gave M. fasciata still three more names, comparing two of the

tyr. o%

ahs ee ete te

Dany

rie

see tats ba,

mre eee

eke ee

oS ar py

whge Sees

a~ +

bs ieee

Sawer

2. Me™

Ty Mas

Bee cee rs ere ete

sore BOS

Sepals

Petal and lip

(greatly enlarged)

Fig. 1. Copy of the drawing of the floral . s

Schlechter published parts of Masdevallia bathyschista by

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1213

BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTED TO

SUBGENUS MELEAGRIS

M. alexandri Luer Plate 620.

M. anisomorpha Garay. Plates 621, 622.

M. bathyschista Schltr. = M. fasciata?

M. diversifolia Kraenzl. = M. parvula

M. fasciata Rchb.f. Plate 623.

M. fissa Kraenzl. = M. heteroptera

M. heteroptera Rchb.f. Plate 624

M. hortensis Luer & Escobar Plate 625.

M. meleagris Lindl. Plate 626.

M. milagroi Luer & Hirtz Plate 627.

M. palmensis Kraenzl. = M. fasciata

M. pantomima Luer & Hirtz Plate 628.

M. parvula Schltr. Plates 629, 630.

M. planadensis Luer & Escobar Plate 631.

M. restrepioidea Kraenzl. = M. fasciata

M. segurae Luer & Escobar Plate 632

M. trinemoides Kraenzl. = M. fasciata

M. ximenae Luer & Hirtz Plate 633

e. ee eth Pee ee ee

a eT eh ne i > cadet

1214 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1 Sepals with tails about as long as or shorter than the blade 2

1’ Sepals with tails longer than the blade 8

2 Blade of the dorsal sepal 18-20 mm long, blades of the lateral sepals 15-16 mm

ong

2’ Blade of the dorsal sepal 7-11 mm long, blades of the lateral sepals 8-12 mm

long 4

3 Dorsal sepal with small spots, lateral sepals coarsely pubescent; lip 10 mm long....

M. heteroptera

3’ Dorsal sepal with large spots, lateral sepals minutely pubescent; lip 6 mm long.....

M. pantomima

4 Dorsal sepal with the tail thickened-subclavate M. milagroi

4’ Dorsal sepal with the tail not subclavate 5

5 Dorsal sepal with the apex broadly obtuse with the margin thickened.................+.+

tees M. anisomorpha

5’ Dorsal sepal with the apex subacute, without the margin thickened.................000+ 6

6 Lateral sepals sparsely pubescent with long, capitate hai M. segurae

6° Lateral sepals microscopically densely pubescent 7

7 Sepals spotted; petals obtuse; lip broadest at the base M. parvula

7’ Sepals unspotted; petals acute; lip with the apex broadly recurved, as wide as the

DRE scrncersinies ieee M. planadensis

J Petals with the apex acute, decurved; lip widest at the apex M. meleagris

8’ Petals with the apex acute to obtuse, not decurved; lip not widest at the apex.......9

| crttssttenseteennees Hettssasenarssnneisevnteoeesnvedagsctbrshccuhat a) M. ximenae

9” Sepals with multiple, small bars or dots, with tails more than 20 mm long......... 10

10 Dorsal sepal concave, enclosing the petals and lip, with the tails of the sepals not

acutely reflexed .......... M. i

SEEACO RAR. SUSIE alexandri

10° Dorsal sepal shallowly concave, with the petals and lip exposed, wi i

ve, ex th the tails of

the sepals reflened 0 : = 11

11 Dorsal sepal with a callus at the base of the dorsal sepal; petals bidentate..............

| irrrrtreeeeeeannecnnees esesniteesminy tn eee M. hortensis

11° Dorsal sepal without a callus at the base of the dorsal sepal; petals acute...............

Hoe ee ewer esewees. edhe ees OCC O RSC o ee eseessonsee. ig

. Cote ere sew arene

weer

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1215

Masdevallia alexandri Luer, Phytologia 46: 347, 1980.

Ety.: Named in honor of Alexander C. Hirtz of of Quito. to, Ecuador, co-discoverer of this species.

Plant small, ee caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, ca. enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf suberect, thinly coriaceous, petiolate, {Sm long including he 15-3

cm long petiole, the blade elliptical, acute, 1. 5-2 cm wide, the b

petiole.

y few-fl , borne b y a slender, tp

cle 8-9 cm long, with a bract 1 near the middle, embraced bel . I li

low ont tubular imbricating, 5-6 mm long; gino 7mm long: 0 ovary fetes

mm eee sepals light greenish brown with multiple, minute bars of dark brown, glabrous, the dorsal

sepal su su yeaa concave, 7 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm to forma

gaping, a up, ti b ‘| tracted at th i lender. erect. brown

tail ca. 25 mm long, the lat ] Is li ,9mm

mm wide t te to th lumn-foot to fo d then deflexed, the

obtuse apices contracted into tails similar to that of the d 1; petals yellow-green, suffused and

marked with brown, chiong-multangulr 4 mm long, 2mm wide, , the dilated, obtuse apex shortly saan

late, the lower half w lip t

nbpen awe, arcuate, 4 mm long, : 2.25 ide expand the apex rounded, the disc with a ‘a Least i

Pee thin inged kK oh +L

*} eh apex of the column-foot; a yellow, pba with purple-brown, semiterete, 3.5 mm reg with

an equally long, curved column-f

y a t,

1. } t A th h ahnvate_ahl,

i long,

ECUADOR: Pichincha: epiphytic in cloud forest

above Mindo, alt. 2200 m, 20 Oct. 1979, A. Hirtz &

A. Andreetta s.n. (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr.

A27TA l * flaw as Its ti

Andreetta at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 13642

(MO); above Mindo, alt. 2000 m, 6 Dec. 1984, A.

Hirtz 2151 (MO); road to Mindo, alt. 1500 m, Aug.

1990, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & J. del Hierro 4922 (MO).

This species is locally frequent where

it is apparently restricted to a small area of

cloud forest on the western declivity of

central Ecuador. It is related to the widely

distributed M. parvula, but M. alexandri is

distinguished from it and the other

members of the subgenus by the brown,

glabrous sepals with long, slender tails.

The rounded dorsal sepal is marked

with minute, transverse bars of dark brown

On a greenish background. The tail is

produced abruptly and it is held erect. The

free parts of the lateral sepals fold down-

ward beyond the small, sepaline cup, in

which the petals, column and lip stand

together erect.

mag are

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1216

Plate 620. Masdevallia alexandri

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1217

Masdevallia Pape ane set Garay, I Pt 5: 79, 1970.

Ety.: From the Greek anisomorphe, “of a diff

of the plbiaas

Plant Si piphytic st

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular s sheaths.

Leaf erect, coriaceous,

oma n long, the & blade elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1

”* possi bly referring to the unusual shapes

, erect, 1-2.5 cm long,

. Ramicauls slender,

Pats cm a including the petiole 1-3.5

into the petiole.

up tm long. bore by a slender es

aah 6-12 cm long, with a tubular bract below the middle, fro

5-6 mm long; pedicel 6-11 mm long; ovary 3 mm long.

bracts imbricating,

, undulate-winged; tone

ed; sepals

= ied to —_ oar and 80-0 with ae — pubescent, ee dorsal ie ovate, 8-9 mm

long, 5

de, free from

— se

flexed, terete tail, 7-10 mm long, the yay sepals oblong,

eee minutely verrucose-pubescent,

into a stout, more or less re-

ovate, oblique obtuse, 8-12 mm long, 3 mm

wide, connate ra for about 1 mm

foot, th the

apices contracted into stout, terete, aioe tails 6-10

oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex subtruncate, shall

d with purple,

wrote the labe

owly with a

longitudinal ies lip yellow, dotted with red-brown, thick, ovate-trilobed, 4 mm long, 3.5 mm wide,

the apex narrowly roun the lateral angles or lobes

obtuse, incurved, the disc: with a low, RI SE

inged

beneath; column light yellow- -green, sage © with

— semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 4 mm long

with a thick, incurved aed

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: near Medellin, G. Escobar

R. 446 (Holotype: AMES); same collection, flowered

in cultivation by M. & O Pease at ang Ceja, 13

Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2015 (SEL): Y: i aT ae yl

in cloud forest, Ratén Pelado, collected by RE

bar,

Nee 1981, C. Luer 6735 (SEL); same area, alt. 2650

m, | May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E.

o Labores, alt.

encia, flowered in culti-

vation at Colomborquideas, 10 Apr. 1988, C. Luer

13152 (MO).

This species occurs locally in cool,

wet, scrub forests higher than 2500 meters

above sea level in the northern part of the

Central Cordillera of Colombia. It was

first discovered by the late Gilberto

Escobar of Medellin, a well-known author-

ity on the orchids of Colombia. Masdeval-

lia heteroptera grows intermixed with this

species. A photograph of M. anisomorpha

is misidentified as M. heteroptera in Die

Orchidee 30: 218, 1979.

The apex of the dorsal sepal is the

most distinguishing character of this

species. The greenish blade, variously

with dark purple, is constricted just

below the expanded, truncate a apex. From

the center of the transverse, blackened,

puberulent-verrucose apex the stout tail

emerges. The dorsal sepal is essentially

free from the lateral sepals, and they are

free from each other beyond the mentum

made with the column-foot.

~ °

Ee /

Plate 621. Masdevallia anisomorpha

1218 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 622. Masdevallia anisomorpha

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1219

Masdevallia fasciata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 15(1): 202, 1881.

Ety.: From the Latin fasciatus, “transverse ersely striped,”’ referring to the colored

?Syn.: Masdevallia bathyschista Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. sae Veg. Beih. 7: 76, pole

Ety.: From the Greek bathyschistos, “deeply divided,” referrin

Syn.: Masdevallia trinemoides Kraenzl. » Repert. Spec. Nov. Regn Veg. 17: 418, 1921.

Ety.: Named for Kranzlin’

Syn.: Masdevallia resrepunaea Kraenzl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 134, 1922.

Ety.: Named for Kranzlin’s Restrepia HBK

Syn.: Masdevallia palmensis Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 100, 1925,

Ety.: Named for La Palma above Envigad Medellin where the species was collected.

Syn dD _J, ig fe > /Deahk £\ D . Die Orchidee 30- 218, 1979.

Plant small t dium i tic pit lender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.5

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, nbcles 7 . Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-10.5 cm atin including the

petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade narrowly bahia re vate, subacute to sail 2.3 cm wide, narrowly

cuneate below into the — A eect sbpetoate base. I ea ure ppt sh

flowered raceme up erect, slender peduncle 8- aya cm ong

above

the base, from low on the rama floral bracts inflated, #10 mm long; pedicel 5 mm sa ovary 3-4

mm | tl

glabrous, ovate, subearinat, ae mm um long, u mm wide, = from the lateral sepals, forming a gaping,

sepaline cup, th rplish tail 3-3.5 cm long; lateral sepals deep

purple, narrowly oblong with the yeni revolute, microscopically Leniote 8 = mm long, 5 mm wide

expanded, essentially fi ‘0 slender tails 3-3.5 cm

long; petals ih yellow-green, marked with rise elliptical, 8 men ne 3.5 hea m wide, the apex

acute, obscurely angled, the labellar ar margin with a w, longitudi

the engine’ base; lip yellowish, ith dark bl b te, obtuse,

10 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, the disc re channeled, the base ‘subcordate, ied on the end;

column green, spotted with purple, semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 5 mm long, with a short, incurved

extension

C IA: Antioquia: without pirens flowered

in cation by Sander & Co., G. Schmidtchen s.n.

(Holotype: W); “Medellin,” G. Scomeidiches S.n.

bly

gh sag at “a around La Palma above Envigado,

alt. 2

Medellin, alt. 2000 m, 20 —- 1884, EC Le oor

4132 (G); El Retiro, Hda alt. 2500 m,

ee, 1956, M. _ Ospina- Hernandez 6s, 72, i

" & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 3 Oct. 1977, C. pli

1897 (SEL). “Cauca,” without locality, Madero s.n.

(type of M. bathyschista lost at B).

This species, superficially similar to M. heteroptera, is endemic in the moun-

tains south and west of Medellin in the Central Cordillera and Western Cordillera of

Colombia. It was described by Reichenbach from a collection by Schmidtchen

from ‘‘Medellin.”” What appear to be dry flowers of this species are mixed with

those of M. heteroptera that were sent to Reichenbach by Patin. A collection by

Madero, most probably of this species and described by Schlechter as M.

bathyschista, was lost in the destruction of the herbarium at Dahlem.

Masdevallia fasciata is distinguished by the loose, successively flowered

raceme of relatively large flowers with nearly free sepals. The dorsal sepal is deli-

cately marked with fine, purple, transverse bands and the slender tail is considerably

longer than the blade. The purple, microscopically pubescent, lateral sepals are

narrowly oblong with revolute sides and with similarly long tails. The lip is sub-

urate, erect and exposed in the natural position.

1220 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ase i >”

og AO" ve \

Nees a

Plate 623. Masdevallia fasciata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1221

re ee heteroptera Rchb.f., Gard. sence a 590, 1875.

m the Greek heteropteron, “having wings 0: erent shapes,”’ referring to the difference

Syn.: Maséevali fissa acetal. Repert. Spec. Nov oe Veg. = 429, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin fissus, “cleft,” referring to ateral sepals.

Syn.: Rodri. (Rchb.f.) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 218, 1979.

6 r

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 1-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-9 cm cm long includ-

ing the petiole 1-2.5 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 1-2 cm wide, narrowly

cuneate into the slender petiole.

cm long, bore by an erect, cs peduncle 6-8 cm ~ with a bract above e the base, from low on the

ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 6-9 mm long; pedicel 5-1 era oes — 2-3 mm long, thickly ribbed;

sepals minutely cit the dorsal sepal light yellow, sptied with — — ovate, pene aay 20

mm long, 12 mm w line cup,

subacute to obtuse, eit into a dark purple tail 10-12 mm tong, th the lateral = deep purple,

oblong: with the sides revolute, densely pubescent, 15 mm ong, tially free

tail s 10-12 mm long; petal Tight yellow,

purple -brown, elliptical, 7 mam long, 43 man wide ‘the apex obtuse, the labe dilat-

ed, with a low, longitudinal ca b me ieee red,

minutely pubescent, ovate, arcaamte, obtuse, 101 am m long, ¢ 6 mm wide, the disc segs channeled, the

base broadly subcordate, hi terete, 9 mm long,

the foot curved, 5 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: without locality, flowered

in cultivation in 1875 by the ap J.B. Norman s.n.

(Lec

5.n. (W); “‘Medellin,” G. Schonidichen s.n. (holotype [

of M. fissa: W); El Retiro, Hda. Normandia, alt. 2500 ° }

: . Os, Ht. 72,

arumal, Ratén Pelado, alt. ape m, 1 May 1984, C. e

bar

cia ] 5328 (MO): Jeedies Quebrada infuentes, alt. a

530 m, collected by F. ere ma in cultiva- Bios, OS {

tion at Colomborquideas, 9 May 1985, C. Luer 11310 Hs 5

(MO). Chocé: at the pass son Matai Urrao and Z ee H

Carmen de eens alt. 2680 m, 31 May 1995, C. v4 /i

Luer, J. Luer, L. Posada & R. Escobar 17678 (MO). wi oad

This species is endemic in the moun- re

tains around Medellin in the central and c

western cordilleras of Colombia. It was —

described by Reichenbach from a plant of uncertain origin (possibly from Patin in

Medellin) that was cultivated by the Rev. J.B. Norman, Whitchurch Rectory, Edg-

ware, London. Reichenbach had previously received a few, similar, dry flowers

from Patin, which he assumed were of the same species. Both specimens are now

mounted on the same sheet at W, but Reichenbach had not designated either as the

holotype. The flower from the Rev. Norman is designated as the lectotype because

it is the flower from which the description was made, and it is able to be identified

Positively with a recent collection. The flowers from Patin are probably a mixture

of M. heteroptera and what Reichenbach later described as M. fasciata. ay

Masdevallia heteroptera is distinguished by the loose, successively flowe.

raceme of relatively large flowers with nearly free sepals. The dorsal oe se

ted with purple and the tail is a little shorter than the blade. The purple, one

lateral sepals are oblong with revolute sides and with similarly short tails. The lip is

Ovate, erect and exposed in the natural position.

1222 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

54.4

Ras

~~, 8,

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1223

Masdevallia hortensis Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16: 154, 1984.

Ety.: From the Latin hortensis, hag ci to the garden,” in reference to the locality near the town

of Jardin, where the species vered,

medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls — erect, 1-1.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec t, thinly coriaceous, 6-8.5 cm long including the petiole

2-3 cm long, the blade mantle obovate-elliptical, subacute, 0.9-1. 3 cm wide! » narrowly cuneate below

into the petiole. orescence a congested, y by a slender, erect

peduncle 6-9 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from | h 1; fl 8-10

mm long; pedicel 10 mm long; ovary winged, 3 mm lon ong; sepals white, suffused with yellow to oF orange-

brown below the middle, more or less spotted wit | purple, dorsal a ea | blng cod, 11 mm a 6

mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm

protruding callus below the abr uptly

2.5 cm long, the lateral sepals oblong with ides, oblique, curved, 12 mm on. 3. 5 mm wide

expanded, 1.5 mm wide Jed, connate 1 mm, formi lumn

the apices obtuse, contracted into reflexed, A ied tails up ) to 2.5 em long: pet petals ‘yellow, dotted with

purple-black, elliptical-oblong, 4 mm lon ng, | -75 mm wide, the apex unevenly bi- or tridentate, ]-

lar margin with a curved, longitudinal carina, the upper half with a low, longitudinal callus; lip —

su sed , OVate,

long, 2.5 mm wide, narrowed below the recurved, expanded, obtuse apex with a ‘low, midline callus, the

base truncate, thickened, hinged beneath; column — marked with purple, stout, semiterete, 4 mm

Bs the foot equally long with a thick, incurved exte:

LOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Jardin: La

Citemes, alt. 2600 m, 26 May 1983, R. Escobar, L.

cultivation at Colomborquideas, 6 Apr. 1988, C. Luer “7% 5

3039 (MO).

This species was discovered by Rodri- :

go Escobar in a remote area of the West-

ern Cordillera of Colombia that had not a ge

previously been known to have been visit- Be, ie ‘pane

ed by collectors. Masdevallia hortensis is ;

closely allied to the rare M. segurae, but per: es

the most distinguishing feature is the 4. _*

protruding, knoblike callus at the apex of r

the dorsal sepal below the base of the tail. £

A similar callus is found at the base of the ae

dorsal sepal in M. hieroglyphica, and in Pek

Dracula levii Luer and D. dalstroemii \ s

Luer. Similar to most other species of {

subgenus Meleagris, M. hortensis is from (

a relatively high altitude and is difficult to %

cultivate

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1224

Plate 625. Masdevallia hortensis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1225

Masdevallia meleagris Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 257, 1845, non Rchb.f.

1858.

Ety.: From the Latin, or the Greek meleagris, “‘a guinea-fowl, or a peacock,” referring to the color-

fully banded flowers

Syn.: Rodrigoa alanis (Lindl.) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 218, 1979.

Pl di , epiphytic, pit lender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec erect, coriaceous, 7-12.5 cm long includin petiole

2.5-5 cm ie the blade iu peasants subacute to obtuse, 1.6-2.3 cm wide, cuneate below into the

slender petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme, up to | cm iy a by

a slender, sate peduncle 10-12; cm long, with a tubular bract below the middle, from near the base of the

pan aes nage bracts imbricating, 4-6 mm mm long; pedicel 7-9 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; _—- white

le, abrous, the d ate, lightly

concave uk widely undulating margins, 13 mm long, 101 mm mm wide, free from the lateral oct the ap apex

obtuse to t 25-32 mm long, the lateral sepals

pean Senay purple, ovate, oblique, subacute, 12 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate basally for about 1

t, the apices contracted into slender, yellow

ie pane oming orange toward the apex; petals light shits spotted and suffused with red- -purple, more

or less oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex thick, acute, decurved, the labellar margin with a

thick, low, lightly undulate, longitudinal callus; lip orange, yellow toward the apex, obovate-pyriform, 5

mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, the disc shallowly sulcate, the base thick, subcordate,

hinged beneath; column light yellow, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot equally long with a thick, incurved

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: between the Péramo

de San Fortunato and Fusagas oe ogota, T. Hart-

2012 (SEL); same collection, flowered in cultivation

at Colomborquideas, 18 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14240 Pe

(MO).

Although reportedly collected in the

Eastern Cordillera of Colombia by Hart- Siu c

weg during the first half of the nineteenth f aoe }

century, the only known locality today is Pod }

in the Western Cordillera. There can be awd pore

little doubt about the identity of this pretty

Species that was rediscovered by Gilberto

Escobar and companions. The truncate

dorsal sepal, free from the laterals, is od

prominently marked with transverse, \

purple bars while the lateral sepals are {

suffused with purple. All plants presently &

in cultivation are divisions of those few

that were rediscovered.

Masdevallia meleagris is the first ved

species known in a small group characterized by a short, successively flowe

Taceme borne by a peduncle round in cross-section, a free dorsal sepal, *

free nearly to the column-foot, and the lip hinged over the edge of the foot to the

undersurface. As is the case with other species in subgenus Meleagris, this species

does not thrive in cultivation.

1226

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 626. Masdevallia meleagris

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1227

—— | milagroi Luer & Hirtz, Sp. nov.

a es hheec: Af. parvulae Schitr., similis, sed florib joribus, sepal atc : sae

vellatis, labello la differt aici

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1 cm long, enclosed by

Leaf elliptical

ae tubular sheaths. erect, coriaceous, narrowly ellipti l-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 6 cm long

iole 2-2.5 cm lo .9 cm wide, th

rescence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme, borne by as as lender, erect ca with

» SE , te, thickened,

tail 11 mm long, the lateral sepals purple-brown with a few darker spots, age eh rea Pesto

rae with ES less s revolute sides, 11 mm 1 long, 3.5 mm wide, connate to each other only at the

tails 9 mm long, thickened, spear thick as the tail of the

preheed sepal; setae purple, oblong, irregularly obtuse, 4.5 mm long, 1.8 wide, with a low, longitu-

ser callus sapir the Jabellar plea 38 lip purple, broadly oblong, "subquadrate, 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm

. convex , with a low, midline callus

at ihe rounded, convex: Spex, x; the base broadly s subtruncate, hi fi htob

extension of the co sea column white, semiterete, 4.5 mm soca th the foot thick, 3 mm apse, with

curved base Ticken

ot eta Manage an de Milagro, alt.

2000 m, during 2000, date sachet A. Hirtz 7842

Nchepee MO), C. Luer illustr. 20072

This species, ae endemic in

southeastern Ecuador, is most similar to

widely distributed M. parvula, but it diff-

ers from the latter in having larger flowers,

and a clavate tail of the dorsal sepal. The

petals are similar. Instead of ovate-sub-

pandurate, the lip is broadly ovate with

erect margins below the middle, and

convex above the middle. The flower of

M. milagroi is similar in size to that of M.

planadensis, but the latter is distinguished

by slender tails and a rounded, marginal

callus at the base of the petal. A similar

callus is seen on the petals of M. ximenae,

which is further distinguished by longer

tails.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1229

Masdevallia sapere Luer & Hirtz, —— 22: 114, ete

Ety.: From the Greek M. pantomimos, “a silent ” in allusion to the posturing flower.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, 7-10 cm long including the petiole

1.5-2.5 cm long, the blade Hom Sate subacute, 1-1. 5 cm wi wide, y condu

plicate petiole. d 2m m long,

rne by a slender, pines peduncle to 13 cm long, with a runt te the middle, from low on the

ramicaul; floral bracts thin, imbrica Beli 7-8 mm long; pedicel 6-7 5 mm long, with

crested carina; dorsal sepal transluce with large, transverse, coiniee spots, with minutely ciliate mar-

gins, the pcan 18 mm long, 10 mm wide, the apex ac te, contracted into a

slender, purple tail 16 mm lon ong, ; the base free fi le, minutely

pubescent, the margins minutely cna oblong, t the blades 16 mm long, 4 mm wide, ‘connate basally

below the column-foot, the apex acut ig; petals cartila-

ginous, white, spotted with purple, lipicatbion, 6. es mm long, 3 mm wide, the ; apex truncate, ob-

scurely lobulate, the labellar margin wit a, y ang} dark

purple, ovate, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide th Pi 1 thi a, Ge 9 apex obtt » with a low, midline

callus, the basal two-thirds broadly dilated, t date, hinged on th

patter with purple, semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot stout, bicallous, 51 mm long, with. a thick, incurved

ECUADOR: Azuay: without locality, purchased

ni : local collector and cultivated in Cuenca, 6

001, by E. Sanchez s.n. (Holotype: MO), C

“pie ue 19794.

This species, with flowers large for the

subsection, superficially resembles the

Colombian M. heteroptera, but, except for

size, the details most closely resemble

those of M. parvula. It is known only

from one collection.

Masdevallia pantomima is character-

ized by large flowers with the dorsal sepal

ovate and only shallowly concave, with

large, transverse spots or bars. The tail is

Slender and equally long. The dark purple

lateral sepals are narrowly oblong with

much shorter tails. The petals are oblong

with an obtusely angled callus at the

middle. The lower two-thirds of the lip

are dilated with the distal third narrowly

oblon

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1230

Plate 628. Masdevallia pantomima

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1231

Masdevallia parvula Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. — seh 49, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin parvulus, “very small,” referring to the size of the fl

Syn.: aap easpy diversifolia Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 109, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin diversifolius, * ‘with leaves of various sizes,” referring to the individual plants

of the S oaliecaun

Syn.: Rod ig di ifolia (K. 1.) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 220, 1979.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicaul slender, erect, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly pein 5-10 cm long including the petiole 15-3 cm

long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1-2.5 cm

Inflorescence a congested, successively aoe raceme up to ca. 1 cm long, borne bya slender,

va haley 6-9 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul: floral bracts thin,

ting, 8-10 mm long; pedicel 4-6 mm long; ovary 2-2.5 mm long, with undulate carinae, more or

les slightly papillose; dorsal sepal yellow, oe spotted with purple or purple-brown, with minutely

itl ade ovate, concave, 8 mm long, 8-7 mm wide,

the apex subacute, contracted into a stout, ‘yellow to orange tail 5-7 mm long, the base free from the

lateral sepals, the lateral sepals maroon, shortly pubescent, the margins minutely ciliate, the blade ob-

the

ong, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, connate basally below the column-foot, ntracted into a

yellow tail 7-8 mm long; petals cartilaginous, yellow, spotted with purple, elliptical-oblong, 4-4.5 mm

long, 1.75-2 mm wide, unequally an gularly | with a

: the apex »

al carina, slightly dilated near the middle; lip yellow, diffusely and rie dotted with purple, ovate-

subpandurate, 4-4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex rounded, recurved, with a low, midline callus, the

base truncate, hinged on the end; column yellow, sere? with purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot

stout, equally as long, with a thick, incurved extension

ECUADOR: Chimborazo: “In silvis occidentalibus

montis Chimborazo,”’ alt. 2500 m, Sept. 1891, A.

: rahua: La Merced near Baiios, alt. ; 5

2600 m, 2 June — L. Jost 1678 (Neotype here e ra eG

designated: MO). Loja: Nudo de Sabanilla, alt. 2400 « pee

m, 30 Jan. 1980, D. D Alessandro 80- 009 (SEL); {

ae forest south of Yangana, alt. 2750 m, 1 Nov. ‘

1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 8263 (SEL); Nudo de 4

n & L.B. Thien 1329 (MO, SEL); same area, <_¢ AS

rt ‘Feb, 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & M. Portilla 2528 s :

elr ee al

acne 7

co, me 2730 m, 12 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. rd

D’Alessandro 6202 (SEL); same area, 23 Mar. 1985, bo

dia, above Colomborquideas, alt. 2500 m, 26 Apr. 5 a

1997, R. Escobar 8344 (JAUM, MO); El Retiro,

between Colo mborquideas and Fitzebad, Mar. 1989,

. Schoonen s.n. &

PERU: a Tarma, collected by J. Meza near re

Huasa-Huasi, alt. 3000 m, flowered in cultivation in A,

Munich, 15 May 1980, by W. Kéniger s.n. (SEL,

Koniger).

1800 m,

BOLIVIA La Paz Nor fort ee in San Francisco, Nov. 1993, W. Teague 183 3 (MO), Cc.

Luer illustr. 17056.

This species is the most widely distributed member of the subgenus Meleagris.

Lehmann’s unfinished watercolor painting (t. 130 of his 7008) of this species at

Kew bears the intended name of Masdevallia bicruris. It grows on mossy

Of stunted trees in cool, wet cloud forests from Colombia through Ecuador >

Peru, into Bolivia, usually at altitudes near 3000 meters above sea level, often

wi ‘

Masdevallia parvula is distinguished by the small habit and small flowers borne

1232 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

in a congested raceme. The sepals are free, the dorsal sepal is concave and spotted

with purple; the lateral sepals are usually dark purple and minutely pubescent. The

stout, orange tails are slightly shorter than the blades. The petals are obtuse and

carinate along the lower margin. The lip stands erect in the center of the flower.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1233

Plate 629. Masdevallia parvula

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1234

630. Masdevallia parvula

Plate

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1235

Masdevallia planadensis Luer & Escobar, oe 3: 50, 1988.

Ety.: Named for the La Planada Research C here this speci di

Plant small, oe caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 8-12 long, enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 4-7 cm long including the

indistinct petiole 1. 5.2. 5 cm long, 0.8-1 cm wide, the base gradually narrowed into the “ Snapunaa

cence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme, borne by a slender, erect peduncle, with a bract

below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 6 mm lon ng; pedicel 5-6 mm tae aes 2.5-3

mm long; sepals ba Seig = suffused with pale purple externally, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

oblong, obtuse, c ve, carinate, 11 mm long, 7 mm wide expanded, connate basally to the lateral

sepals for 1 mes 6 fon orm a gaping shallow, sepaline cup, the apex contracted into a terete, whitish tail 7

0! 1

expanded, connate to each other only at the base; petals white, cartilaginous, oblong, obtuse, abruptly

and obliquely acute, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with a Bebe rai callus along the labellar margin

ending in an obtuse, conical callus above the base; lip white, oblong, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, slightly

constricted below the apex, x subtruncate, revolute, with a low, midline callus, the disc shallowly

channeled, the base shallowly concave, hinged from beneath to below the bulbous extension of the

column-foot; column white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot thick, 4 mm long, with the curved ex

thickened.

COLOMBIA: Narifio: Munic. of Ricaurte: collected

near La Planada, alt ca. 1800 m, flowered in cultiva-

tion at the Orquideario by J. Orejuela, 25 Jan. 1987,

C. Luer 12488 (Holotype: MO).

ADOR: Carchi: south of Chical, Cerro Oscuro.

alt. 2100 m, May 1997, A. Hirtz 6554 (MO). Boli-

var: wet forest west of Salinas and La Palma, alt.

1250 m, 12 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Lu uer, A. Hirtz et

al. 15017

This species, first found on the western

declivity of southern Colombia, is now

known to occur also on the western decliv-

ity of Ecuador. Masdevallia planadensis

is distinguished from the other species of

the subgenus by the dull white, glabrous

flowers faintly suffused with purple exter-

nally; relatively short sepaline tails;

oblong, abruptly and obliquely acute

petals; and an oblong lip with a revolute,

subtruncate apex.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 631. Masdevallia planadensis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1237

Masdevallia segurae Luer & Escobar, hee 13: 100, 1978.

Ety.: Named in honor many others.

Radar (Tuer & FE hor) 2 Tika ftnmakkst AN. 910

Syn.: goa segurae ( ) , , 1979.

Plant small, epiphytic, tae thar slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-10 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 short, tubular sheaths. Leaf er aig coriaceous, 4-8 cm long including the petiole 1-3 cm

long, the blade narrowly elliptic rennet subacute, 1-1.3 cm wide, the base y narrowed into

the petiole. Inflorescence a Pac ESSON ON few-flowered raceme borne by re erect, —

Sexoue 7-9 cm long, with a bract near the base, fro

ting, 5 mm long; pedicel 36m mm long; ovary 2-3 mm on Tolan. lightly winged; sepals i get rosea

vat purple, sparsely lo halaman within, the hairs minutely capitate, the dorsal sepal ovate, subcar-

inate, 10 mm long, 6 mm w salvar from the lateral sepals, the apex acute, contracted into a slender,

erect, orange, clavate tail Aes mm ly oblong with

revolute side-margins, 10 mm ee. eet mm wide, barely connate at the base to form a shallow mentum

beneath the column-foot, the rounded apices contracted into slender, yellow-green tails 10 mm long;

petals white, dotted with purple, obovate-subpandurate, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, both halves callously

thickened, the apex acute to 0 shallowly notched; lip | white, dotted with purple, obpyriform-ovate, arcuate,

4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide

base subcordate, connected by a th 1 foot; column \ — dotted with f purple, semi

terete, 4 mm long, the foot thick, 4mm ee with a thick incurved extension

aon OMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Urrao, headwa-

ers of Rio Pabén, Las Cruces, alt. 2000-2200 m

caliectea by E. Segura, 20 June 1975, flowered i in (

flowered in cultivati : ; t,

(SELY: Howesld in cohivanon 18 ae = ig ta ase, 1

14254 (MO). ° f

This species is rare and endemic in one 2

valley in the Eastern Cordillera of Colom- —

bia. Only a few plants were found on one Sst (

occasion by the collector Evelio Segura in a }

1977. All plants currently in cultivation ot

have originated from

Masdevallia segurae is recognized by

the subcongested raceme of successive

flowers borne by a slender peduncle. The

white, sparsely purple-dotted flowers are

widely spread with orange at the bases of 5

the lateral sepals. Long, white, capitate {

hairs are scattered on the inside of the &

Sepals. The apex of the tail of the dorsal

sepal is clavate; the petals are acute and

more or less notched at the apex; the lip is

arcuate and broadly ovate.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1239

Masdevallia ximenae Luer & Hirtz, » Novon | 1: 171, 1991.

Ety.: Named in honor of Sra. Xime'

1S oS.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, petiolate, 4-9 cm long including the 15-3 cm

long petiole, the blade elliptical, acute, 1-2 cm wide, th

ence a congested, deceraggtce few i e by: lend ct peduncle 5 9 cm

long, with a bract near the middle, embraced below by th dupli f the leaf, from |

aul; floral bracts thin, gear imbricating, 561 ca long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm : long:

sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal yellow with brown, marginal bars , ovate, concave, 7 mm long, 5.5 mm

wide, connate to the | ateral sepals for 1 mm to form a ne shallow cup, tl the apex obtuse, contracted

into a slender (slightly reflexed tail 12 mm long, the

lateral se sepals red-brown with oto he ssiue marginal bars, oblong, . mm Rane. 3 mm wide, essentially

fi the apices subacute, con-

tracted into slender, "aay ee ca. 11 mm long; mousy ni >with a few red dots, oblong, 3. 5

: wide, the apex shortly apiculate, the labellar mar

ina rounded ar at the RG lip red, taney: with darker ~ oblong subpandaa arcuate, 3.5 mm

long, 2 mm Peni the apex x rounded, reflexe d, the disc with a

base s thinly h unde f the ap

foot; Sate yellow, semiterete, 3 mm “a with an pvt z, curved column-foot.

St oh.

ECUADOR: pop epiphytic in wet forest, alt.

1250 m, west of Salinas and La Palma, 10 M ar. ce

C. Luer, J. Beak A. Hire X. Hirtz, J. del Hierro,

Cedros Reserve, alt. 1400 m, 23 Jan. 1993, S. Dal-

str6m, T. Héijer & H. Wanntorp 1738 (MO).

This species, apparently endemic in

southern Ecuador, resembles very much

M. parvula and M. alexandri, but it seems

most closely related to M. planadensis

with which it grows in Ecuador

From M. parvula, it is dininguiaed by

the glabrous sepals marked with large,

marginal bars instead of small, random

spots. The petals are similar to those of M.

planadensis with a rounded callus at the

base. Masdevallia parvula occurs at al-

titudes over 2600 meters above sea level;

M. ximenae is found at an altitude less

than half as high.

From M. alexandri, it is distinguished

by the much shorter sepaline tails; sepals f

with broad, marginal bars instead of minute, random dots; and an ovate instead 0

an orbicular dorsal sepal. From M. planadensis, found for the first time in Ecuador

and growing with M. ximenae, it is distinguished by smaller flowers prominently

marked with red and purple

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 633. Masdevallia ximenae

a a Se ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1241

MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS NIDIFICIA

Masdevallia subgenus Nidificia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77:

10, :

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Nidificae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 12, 1986.

Type: Masdevallia nidifica Rchb.f.

Ety.: From the Latin, nidificus, “built like a nest,” referring to the caespitose habit.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Ophioglossae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 15, 1986.

Type: Masdevallia ophioglossa Rchb.f.

Plants small, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, abbreviated, enclosed by 2-3

imbricating sheaths, the infl ging | lly from near the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

narrowly elliptical to narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, petiolate. Inflorescence a solitary flower,

me by an erect, slender peduncle, round in cross section, with a bract near or at the ; floral bract

tubular, enclosing the pedicel; pedicel short; Ovary carinate-crested; sepals membranous, variously

colored, smooth to minutely pubescent within, acute to obtuse, variously connate into a tube that is in-

flated in the lower portion, with the apices contracted into tails; petals cartilaginous, variously callous

along the labellar margin, producing 1 or 2 marginal f ; lip erect or sub ithin the fl

oblong, with marginal folds that divide the lip into an epichile and a hypochile, the base truncate

semiterete, the anther ventral, shortl hooded, the stig tral, the base of the column devel-

oped into a column-foot with the apex of the ov gate and d beyond the ov

forming with the bases of the lateral sepals a deep, rounded mentum.

which i 1

Reichenbach described Masdevallia molossus, the first species attributable to

this subgenus, in 1877, and included it in the unranked, infrageneric category Salta-

trices, based on M. saltatrix. Saltatrices is presently treated as a subsection of

section Masdevallia. The following year, when he described M. nidifica, the next

Species attributable to subgenus Nidificia, Reichenbach included it in the

infrageneric category Clausae porrectae, which is based on M. ionocharis. This

latter taxon is now considered synonymous with subsection Masdevallia. Section

Nidificae was proposed in 1986 to accommodate species with single flowers, seine

ed ovaries and a divided lip. In addition, the sepaline tube is inflated basally with

an elongated column-foot. The section was raised to subgenus Nidificia in 2000.

is subgenus contains nine closely related species distributed in the mountains

of Central America, Colombia, and Ecuador. It is characterized by a small, caespi-

tose habit with narrow, obovate leaves; a single-flowered peduncle; more sal less

inflated floral bracts; carinate-crested ovaries; sepals connate into a tube with -

inflated base created by a long, curved column-foot; and a lip, divided by marginal

folds into a hypochile and an epichile, which stands more or less erect within the

flower.

1242 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SUBGENUS NIDIFICIA

M. antioquiensis Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. molossus

M. bucculenta Luer & Hirtz Plate 634.

; Plate 635.

M. grossa Luer = M. ophioglossa

M. lamia Luer & Hirtz Plates 636, 637.

M. molossoides Kraenzl. Plate 638.

M. molossus Rchb.f. Plate 639.

M. nidifica Rchb-f. ..... Plates 640, 641.

M. ophioglossa Rchbf. . Plates 642, 643.

M. ophioglossa subsp. grossa (Luer) Luer = M. ophioglossa

M. rhopalura Schltr. = M. molossoides

M. schmidtchenii Kraenz] = M. molossus

M. strigosa Koniger....... Plate 644.

M. tenuicaudata Schitr. = M. nidifica

M. ventricosa Schltr. ................. Plate 645.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

moe with tails slender... -

Dorsal sepal with the tail thick... 4

2 Peduncles 6-8 cm long; sepals yellow, with tails 8-12 mm long; mstapry of the lip

narrowly trian rte svt decitoversenbit acne ceo, QU M. ventricosa

2’ Peduncles 3-5 cm long; sepals variously marked with purple, with tails 8-30 mm

angular

3 Sepaline tube narrowed at the ostium; lip with the

NSOVSCR OSE ere dedeneEnce.

epichile transversely triangular

ee OE Ries M. bucculenta

3° Sepaline tube not narrowed at the ostium; lip with epichile ovate.......... M. nidifica

Dorsal sepal with the tail clavate... 5

&" Dorsal Dorsal sepal with the tail not Cie 9

* Lars iatar cn es gM eg

6° 6 Sepa bio about as lon oorpeb ard neg “ieee 4S

7 Lael sca we . et

8” & Sera eat Hay Spotted, with tails as long as the blades... M. lam

with purple, with tails shorter than the blades........M. a ecasaies

9 or Pals with free portions

contracted into tails ca. 0.5 mm thick...... ophioglossa

” Sepals with tails ca. 2mm thick, emerging emerging at the orifice of the tu

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1243

Masdevallia bucculenta Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 10: 115, 1995.

Ety.: From the Latin bucculentus, “with full cheeks,” in allusion to the inflated sepaline tube.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots ate der. icaul b , Slender, 5 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ee 2.5-4 cm long including the 1-2 cm

long petiole, the blade elliptical, obtuse to subacute, 6-8 mm wide, cuneate below into the sl

tiole. Inflorescence a a solitary flower borne © by : a filiform, suberect pedtuncte ° * = JC cm m long, with a bract

above the base, from low y 1 mm long,

2mm ieee with 6 lightly irregular crests; Sepals thin, translucent white, glabrous, with margins more or

less minutely erose, cari y, the dorsal sepal subpandurate, concave, 7 mm

long, ra mm wide expanded, connate 5 mm into an skated wha tube, constricted near the middle on

the lower half, the apex transversely obtuse, abruptly contracted into a slender tail 8 mm long, the lateral

sepals suffused with purple, subpandurate, oblique, 7 mm 1 long, connate a across a 1 sharp, transverse fold,

below

4mm wide, the base OW ted, forming

line tube, the acut i ] ] tals white, oblong-multi-angled, 2

mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex acute, th led i distal third, the labellar

half with a suberect, subacute triangular ci carina from near the mparcty, and a deflexed, acute angle oF on —

erect, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the epichile transv versely triangular or flabellate, min minutely erose, with o

apex acute, recurved, and with the lateral angles acute, expanded, the rebaier an suborbicular, the base

truncate Pei on the end; column white, semiterete, 3 mm long, the curved foot 4 mm long with an

incurved ex

Luer, S. Dalstrim, T. Héijer & A. Hirtz i (Holo-

type: MO); Mindo, alt. 1500 m, Feb. 1993, A. Hirtz

5882 (MO).

This species, known from the western

Slopes of Pichincha in northwestern

Ecuador, is closely allied to sympatric M.

nidifica, which is relatively common and

extremely variable in its wide range from

Central America to the Eastern Cordillera

of Colombia and to southwestern Ecuador.

Since the earliest known collection of this

Species in 1984, it had been treated as a

variation of M. nidifica, and an illustration

was included with M. nidifica in The-

Saurus Masdevalliarum-10.

Similar to M. nidifica, the somewhat

smaller, subglobose, sepaline tube is trans-

lucent white and suffused with purple on

the lateral sepals. The orifice to the sepa-

line tube is more constricted than in usual :

variations of M. nidifica. Most deductive. however, is the transversely triangular,

acutely deflexed apical segment of the lip with acute lateral angles and acute apex.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1244

Plate 634. Masdevallia bucculenta

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Masdevallia dynastes Luer, ener anc 42: 459, 1979.

1245

+} RL.

Ety.: Named = the coleopteran genu

of the flow

Sppee aie

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls green with ~~ dots,

slender, erect, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular

7-10.5 cm — including the petiole 2- 3. 5 cm long, t the blade elliptical, Subacute, 1- 1.3 cm | wide, the

lender pedunc ei 6.5-10.5 cm long, with a bract below

inflated, 6 mm long; pedicel 6 mm long, with a well

long, 3 mm wide, with 6 overlapping, un cres'

fleshy, glabrous, light green, diffusely covered by small ps and dashes

y flower ne Oy an erect,

the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral

veloped filament ca. 4 mm Jah ovary 3 mm

intensely pr aay with dark purple; sepals

of purple-brown, the dorsal

sepal concave, subquadrate, 10 mm long, pido bein connate to the een epee St 7 ne ens

subglobose, sepaline cup, the free part transverse

clavate tail 7 mm long, the lateral sepals more or

less s oblong, concave basally, 13 mm long, 4 mm sake

connate 2 mm and connate to the column-foot for 7 mm to form a deep, subglobose mentum, the sub-

acute apices contracted into thick tails 7 mm long; petals

gular, 5 mm long, 1.5-

greeni: pentan;

2.5 mm wide, the apex yellow, —_ the labellar margin with a thickened, obtuse > angle above the

middle and a larger, acute angle w the middle, t

lower portion of th sine column; ; lip yellow, marked with red-brown, ovate-triangular, 6 mm long 4.5 = mm

wide, — marginal fol he hy-

pochile o ate, hall ly ll deflexed, ted A ty ra

thickened,

greenish a semiterete, 6mm cae with a curved foot 7 mm long with a short extension.

ECUADOR: Bolivar: ‘epiphytic in cloud forest

between Guaranda Balzapamba, alt. ca. 2500 m.

Aug. 1978, collected by A. Hirtz, A. pre I.

Cc. :

, J. Luer, R. Escobar & A. Hirtz

3940 (JAUM, SEL): Selva sean alt. 1400 m, A.

Hirtz & X. Hirtz 424 terrestrial on road-cut,

Selva Alegre, alt. 1900 m, . 1990, S. Dalstréim

~ = Lary 1482 (MO), Without collection data,

Lehmann 317, t. 275 (K).

This species occurs locally on the

western slopes of the Andes of Ecuador.

The subglobose, brown-speckled flower

with short, clavate tails is reminiscent of

one of the flowers from a raceme of M.

pachyura, but the single-flowered pedun-

cle; the thick, many-angled petals; and the

long, curved column-foot immediately

distinguish it.

bee -

\nd

\ ot

ALS

a nee rn

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1246

“Wage

My,

Ny said %

SENN Ny

its Fay thea Nites

—

otisseaits

enenty:

Sie

aass ti Sean ae

aCe) al ey

BR in oo,

}

—a ss

Plate 635. Masdevallia dynastes

}

;

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1247

Masdevallia lamia Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 3: 40, 1988.

Ety: From the Greek lamia, ‘‘a bugbear,” referring to the goblinlik Paiie

PE wel.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute, 13-17 mm long

including the petiole 2-3 mm long, 5-6.5 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole a

solitary flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle, 17-20 mm long, with a bract near the base, from low

on the ramicaul; floral bract 2.5-3 mm long; pedicel 2.5-3 mm long; ovary 3 mm long, 3-winged; sepals

snow white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, concave, 4.5 mm long, 4 mm wide expanded, connate to

for 4 mm to fo gaping sepaline tub tricted the middle, i below the

middle, the free margin minutely erose, the apex transversely obtuse, abruptly contracted into a clavate,

yellow tail 4 mm long, the lateral sep; t 2 to fi inflated ith the column

foot, 5 mm long, the blades beyond the constriction ovate, oblique, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the

that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, obtuse,

2 mm long, 1 mm wide, longitudinally carinate above

1.3 mm wide, with erose, marginal folds above the

middle, the disc shallowly channeled, the epichile

ovate, obtuse, recurved, the margins li tly erose, the

hypochile oblong, truncate, hinged from beneath;

column white, semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot

curved, 2 mm long, with a short, thick, incurved

extension.

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: epiphytic in cloud forest

uer, J.

west of Lita, alt. 750 m, 18 Jan. 1987, ,C. EL

uer, C.

This little species occurs uncommonly

and locally in forests of northwestern

allied to the common, variable, and widely

distributed M. nidifica, M. lamia is also

Similar to the Costa Rican M. molossoides.

The pale flower of M. lamia is slightly

smaller than the often colorful flowers of

either of the above. In common with other

related species, the sepaline tube is inflat-

ed both above and below a deep central

constriction.

The sepaline tails of M. nidifica are

long and slender, while those of M. molos-

SOides are thick, clavate, and shorter than

the blade. The thick tails of M. lamia are

about as long as the blades, while the

Clavate tails of M. molossoides are shorter

than the blades. The petals and lips of all

three species are basically similar.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1249

Masdevallia molossoides Kraenzl., » Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 416, 1921.

Ety.: From for th imilarity

Syn.: Masdevallia anura Kraenzl. Bese: Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 433, 1921.

ee From the oy anura, “without a tail,” — to the tailless sepals.

I pec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 14, 1923.

a From the Greek sentir sae ee “ yeh atg - a clavate, sepaline tails.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-10 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 1.5-3.5 cm long including the — .5-1.5 cm long, the

blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, narrowly cuneate belase tase the petiole. Inflores-

cence a single flower produced by a slender, suberect peduncle 3-4, 5 cm long, with a bract near the base,

from the low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 4n mm g; ovary 2.5 mm

long, with 6 crests; sepals yellowish, suffi , minutely pubescent with-

in, with minutely ciliate margins, | the dorsal sepal hee ae concave, say cen 6mm

long, 7 mm wide expanded, tube, the apex

transverse , abruptly c ontracted into a stout, forwardly directed deflexed tail 3-5 mm oe with the apex

—— claxete, ihe lateral sepals obovate, oblique, bal mm long, connate for é 4 mm into a lamina 7 mm

id 3 mm long, the b

column fot petal purplish, oblong, 3 mm long, a wide, the apex acute, the labellar margin with a

longitu

ear the m

e and win:

late base; lip purple, — oblong- panda, 4.5 mm m ong 2.25 mm wide, with marginal folds above the

middle, the epichile 1 iculate, the basal two-thirds + Cappechii oblong, shallowly

sulcate, the base sub h; column th purple, semiterete, 3.5 mm

long, with a curved foot 5 mm “Sy with an incurved extension.

COSTA RICA: Without locality, alt. 3,500 ft., 1867,

A. Endres s.n. (Holotype: W). Alajuela: San Ramén,

San Carlos road, alt. 4,000 ft., 1867, A. Endres 21

(holotype of M. anura: W); Los Angeles de San

Ramén, alt. 1050 m, _ 1921, A.M. Brenes 47

(AMES, CR); La Palma de San Ramon, alt. 1250 m,

16 Sept. 1924, A.M. panes 2309 (CR). Cartago: La

Palma, alt. 2500 m, C. Wercklé 76 (holotype of M.

rhopalura destroyed at B); La Palma, Apr. 1910, C.

poe ‘she (CR); Navarro, 29 July 1946, C.H.

400-

1500 m, 1982, R. Escobar, R. Moran & D. Mora de

Retana 3150 (CR, SEL), cultivated at Colomborqui-

deas, 20 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13270 (MO). Heredia:

Vara Blanca between Pods and Ligige = 1680 m,

Apr. 1938, A. Skutch 3757 (AMES, K S); above

= Jeronimo, alt. 1800 m, 18 Sept. sa C. Luer, J.

er & K. Walter <i (SEL); Atlantic slope of rayum, C.

Volcan Barva between Rio Peje and Rio Sardinal, alt. 1300-1500 m, rageay taen mee :

Haufler & M. Roos 7763 (CR. MO). Guanacaste: Rincén de la V Ecard, alt. 1540, 20 Aug. 1988

Hoodere, att I

Nac. Braulio Carrillo, Vasquez de Coroandt trail to Rio 8 July 1992, S.

eran & K. Ferrell 848 (CR, a Puntarenas: Monteverde Reserve, alt. 1500 m, ° ‘uly

ngram, K. Ferrell-Ingram 1462 (MO, SEL). alt. 1500 m,

Cc A: Jinotega: south end of Loma La Ruleta, between Matagalpa and Jinots2,

A. Heller 6328 (SEL); Cerro Diablo, alt. 1500 m, A. Heller 8164 (SEL). & RL Dressler 5425 (MO).

PANAMA: Chiriquf: Fortuna dam, alt. 1700 m, 13 Sept. 1977, J.P. Folsom

of Endres about 50

Krinzlin described this species twice from two collections 1870. Schlechter

years after they were sent to Reichenbach from Costa Rica ca. by Wercklé. The

described it again two years later from a much later coampapaai It is char-

Species j 1s not infrequent in Central America from one © tails. It is similar to

by the constricted, sepaline tube with short, dis _ by vestigial,

M. molossus of the Andes of Colombia, but the latter 1s

tails. The petals and lips of the two species are

1250 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 638. Masdevallia molossoides

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1251

Masdevallia molossus Rchb.f., Linnaea wai: 10, 1877.

Ety.: Named for Molossus, a genus grotesque apy f the fl

with its gaping orifice

Syn.: Masdevallia antioquiensis Leben. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. ins 26: 456, 1899.

Ety.: Nam d

ed for th

Syn.: Masdevallia i lh Snel. i Repert. Spec. Nov. Regn Veg. 17:432, 1921.

Ety.: Named in honor of G. Schmidtchen who collected this this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, ot pisses slender. Ramicauls slender, — 5-15 mm long, en-

closed by 2-3 loose, tubular , coriaceous,

petiole 0.5-2 cm long, the Slate: narowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 7-1 de, gradually nar-

rowed below into the petiolate base solitary lees flower borne by a

slender peduncle 2-4.5 cm long, with ; a thin sheath near the base, from | bract

thin, tubular, 5 mm —— the pedicel 2-3 mm ~~ ovary 3 mm n long, 3- -winged with erose

margins; sepals yellow range e above the middle, more

middle, glabrous externally, minutely p th e free margins minutely

erose-ciliate, the midveins earner ‘the dorsal sepal caaenae 10 mm long, 6.5 mm wide,

connate to the lateral mend for 9 mm to form a cylindrical tube, inflated above and below a —

sor tio = - ape simees versely triangular . the latera

Ss 11 mm long, connate 9

x a tanserse fold ie re middle, 8.5 mm wide ares hen the privat ogre’ apices

contracted into thick tails 2 mm long; petals translucent yellow, suffused th red,

mm long, ‘ mm wide, the waeseesionin apex erose, eye the banter margin with a longitudinal

lamella ending in the lower third; lip erect in the nai n, red-purple, oblong-pandurate, 4.5 mm

long, 2.5 mm wide, with erose g 15 at » lightl ye emp Ube,

epichile rounded, deflexed, with th hil

beneath; column green, coc with red, semiterete, 3) 51 mm reat the foot ees 5mm long iene.

ing a short, incurved extens

£ rs} os -.3, of. 1, fans

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: “*Medellin,”’ Roezl s.n.

(Holotype: W); without locality, G. Schmidtchen s.n.

(holotype of M. schmidtchenii: W); epiphytic in f

1600-2000 :

(holotype of M. a iogui nsis: K; isoty G);

Cocorn4, clon in ran along Rio Cocorné, El H

Viaha, alt. 1 pro aies 1983, irgrtbesies * ee

& R. Escobar 11345 (MO): vee, na to El es x

Cedro, 15 Mar. 1989, C. Luer J. Luer, S. Dalstrim & / Le

W. Teague 14171 (MO). Risaralda: Pueblo Rico, ante ;

Linea, alt. 2100 m, 11 May 1993, C. Luer, J. fae a

Luer & R. Escobar 16787 (MO). Valle del Cauca: a 3 ae

Monte La Guarida between Las Brisas and Alban, alt. i

1950-2000 m, 16 Oct. 1946, J. Cuatrecasas 22148 ;

(AMES); epiphytic in forest, Alto de Calima, 26 June \

1969, P. Ortiz 245 (Herb. Ortiz). ao

Masdevallia molossus was described in 1877 by Reichenbach from plants first

discovered by Roezl near Medellin, Colombia, where they are still locally abundant

today. Lehmann also found the species near ee in 1891, and he made a

Watercolor painting of it with the intended epithet Masdevallia mucronata (No. 107,

now at K with ers no. 7227). Kranzlin based M. antioquiensis on this specimen.

This strange, little species is widely distributed in the western and central cordil-

leras of Colaba Sometimes many dozens, if not hundreds, of the minute, asp

tose Plants are found literally covering the trunks of small trees and vines. The little

ish, broadly tubular flowers are constricted near the middle; the tails - mere

thickened apicula; and the lip stands erect from the tip of a long, curved column-

foot that forms the back of the inflated base of the sepaline tube.

1252 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 639. Masdevallia molossus

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1253

Masdevallia nidifica Rchb.f., Otia Bot. a 1: 18, 1878.

9 From the Latin —_— “making a se alluding to the habit of the plant.

: Masdevalli ! h. Bot Cena wi 2: 383, 1918.

By: From the Greek eyathogaster, a ae belly,” referrin

hitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. mall Veg. Beih. 19: 15, 17, 1923.

=i From the Latin tenuicaudatus, ‘ ‘thin tailed,” referring to the sepaline tails.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect to suberect, sl 5-10

mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to sities. Seine Lapcongy: sep cm long

uding the 1-3 cm long petiole, the blade amare oe to subacute, 41 0mm wide, cuneate sok

into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a soli borne by

filiform, suberect peduncle 3-6 cm long, with a Ae pias the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral

bract 3-5 mm rei gs agg iee pedicel 3 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, with 6 irreg-

pie crests; sepals thi translucent white to dull Tose, more or less suffused or marked with red-

purp

externaliv

ular externally,

glab brous, the dorsal sepal cubpendarat, concave, 5-9 m mm n long, 6-9 mm wide expanded, connate 3-5 mm

into an inflated, sepaline tube alf, the transverse to bs

ly obtuse, — contracted into a —— tail 8-30 mm fe: the lateral sepals subpandurate, oblique,

6-12 mm lon 2.5-5 mm wide, conn nate , transverse fold. tk the fold

ilated, f < feh js aly the

into epee tails 8-26 mm long; _ hite, often marked with p bl ster 2-3 mm

nm ng; pe wni e, third, the

labeliar h half with a suberect, scwte to Resch triangular carina from near the middle, = labellar margin

i alf:

uate, erect, 2.5-5 mm long, 1.5-2.25 mm wide

epicile, ending in an — angle or erose margin, the cpichile triangular: to flabellate = ‘the apex

ed, more he less eros

bua: column te, often eas witl purpl somitecees 3-4 mm long, the curved foot <a mm yt 3 with

a thick eae: extension.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Quito, west slopes of

Pichincha, alt. 6,000 ft., Mar. 1877, EC. Lehmann 24

ig st shes has W); without collection

Jan. 1881, F.C. Lehmann 314 (G); forest of Milligal-

Canchacato, alt. 1600-2100 m, F.C. Lehmann 7028

(AME ES, oe Calacali, alt. 1800-2000 m, 28 Nov.

1880, F. — BR); bets

area, 1 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, C. Dodson, A. Hirtz & A

Embree 12076 (MO); Rio Cinto west of Lloa, alt.

2200 m, 31 Mar. 1985, S. Dalstrém 151] (MO);

i Nov. 1979, C. Luer, J.

los Bancos and Mindo, alt. 1450 m, 1 Apr. 1984, C.

Luer, S. Duet T. Hiijer & A. Hirtz 9862 (MO).

: between Maldonado and Chical, alt. 1400 m,

17 7 Mar. 1 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. snkeocsiesteirs

Hirtz 15105 (MO). Cotopaxi: west of El Corazén,

alt. 1200 m, 18 ~ -_ Cc. Lue J.Luer&A

Ms oe. 1952, > ened & G. _— a (S); Montecristi,

133 (AMES, K, US). Bolivar: w ea penonny uathe

etal. 15008 aes, EI Oro: ae Santa 5a salt 400-1000 m, A Hirtz & Ww. Flores 10668

cloud forest above Pifias, alt. 950 m, 20 Mar. 1985, C. Luer J. Luer. A. PPE ™ | shupp 9003 (MO.

Cloud forest west of Pifias, alt. 900 m, 8 Oct. 1979, C-H. Dodson,

1254 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1255

SEL). / Azuay: 4511 Aal AAnllat L.. bore ch > 1 Jan. J. Luer,

A. Hirtz, A. & P. a 16189 (MO). Guayas: Puente de rela as near wa ei he foe a 8 June

1887, F-C. Le n 6743 (K

COLOMBIA A: Antioquia: Frontino, alt. 1200-1700 m, Oct. pre id yas Lehmann 7027 (K); oe

Nacional Natural ‘‘Las Orquideas,”’ Rio Calles, alt. ca. 1350 m 988, A. Cogollo, J.G. Ramis

& O. Alvares 2516 (JAUM, MO); Yarumal, road to El Cedro, alt "1850 m, 1S Mar. ee, he Laer. J.

Luer, S. Dalstrém & W. Teague 14173 (MO rt 3

May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E Valencia 10346 (MO). Valle del Cauca: z= Cia, Cerro

del Inglés, alt. 2260 m, 5 Jan. 1987, F paihte et 2997 (CUVC, MO). Cauca: west of Cali, alt.

1800-2000 m, 31 Dec. 1883, FC. Lehmann 3435 (G); highlands of Popayén, alt. 100-2100, Ma

1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (K). Nariiio: west rraine alt. 1500-2000 FEC. Lehmann s.

(KK346); ry Pablo between Barbacoas and Pasto, alt. 1300 m, 25 July 1879, EC. Lehmann 131] (W).

NICARAGUA: Jinotega: top of Jinotega Grade, alt. 1520 m, A. Heller 6329 (SEL). Matagalpa:

Bavaria, = 1200 m, A. Heller 4083 (SEL).

COSTA RICA: Without locality, alt. 4500 ft., 1867, A. Endres 19 (W, as M. diaphana). Alajuela: La

Palma de San Ramén, alt. 1100 m, 24 Dec. 1924, A.M. Brenes 229 (CR); La ee alt. 1500 m, Feb.

1913, C. Wercklé 858 (CR); Los Angeles de San Ramon, alt. 1050 m, July 1921, A.M. Brenes 42

S, CR); El Silencio de Zarcero, alt. 1450 m, 29 Aug. 1938, A.C. Smith i abe (AMES); San

Ramén to Balsa, Quebrada joe alt. ca. 1100 m, 10 Sept. 1979, W.D. Stevens 14226 (MO); Monte-

verde, Valle Pefias Blancas, alt. 700 m, 26 Oct. 1988, E. Bello 199 (CR, MO); southeast of Cariblanco,

se — alt. a, m, 7 il 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell 679 (CR, SEL, USJ); Cartago: between

ma, alt. 1500 m, 22 Dec. 1881, EC. Lehmann 1859 (BM, BR, G, K); La Palma, Cc

ears £802 viola of M. cyathogastra: CR); La Pal ma, C. Wercklé 80 (holotype of M. tenuicauda

at B); near San Isidro, La Palma, alt. 1500 m, 22 Dec. 1881, EC. Lehmann sea hig~ —

Luer, J. Luer, J. Atwood & Dora Mora de Retana 17481 (MO). Guanacaste: Montev .

Atlantic slope, alt. 1300 m, 19 Jan. 1989, W. Haber & W. Zuchowski 8977 (CR, MO): Rio Chas fy

Tilardn, 30 July 1986, W. Haber & E. Bello 5872 (MO). Heredia: Vara Blanca, alt. 1500 on ‘

Skutch 3171 (K, MO); Vara Blanca, alt. Be Ap m, July 1937, A.F es 3171 (AM hi eos

osé: Zurqui, alt. 2000-2500 m, PC. Standl, erio 48054 ( ; La Hondura, alt. 1 vibes

m, 2 Mar. 1924, P.-C. Standley "36208, 36305, 36411, 36442, 36450, 36521 feast steecraen ae

José, alt. 1400-1500 m, 1 Mar. 1978, C. Todzia 157, 180 (CR). Puntarenas: fores ie a we

rve, alt. 1500 m, 18 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Dod 12104 (MO); Monteverde Reserve pantera

Station, alt. 1500 m, 17 Feb. 1992, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 1334 (MO, SEL). Talamanca, Bratsi

of Rio Hondura and Rio Sucio, alt. 450 m, 11 gen 1984, M.W. Chase 84264 (CR); °

alt. 1300 m, 6 Mar. 1992, G. Herrera 5173 (CR.

MA: Chiriqui: cloud forest around ae alt, 1100 m, 16 Feb. 1985, C. _— - _ . aig

Dressler 10573 (MO); Fortuna dam, Rio Hornito, alt. 1100 m, 4 Dec. 1987, G. McPherson

This species is variable and relatively common and in parts of its — hd

from Central America to the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and to sou alec

Ecuador. Krinzlin credited Karsten with reporting M. nidifica from sae hie boas

but no collection is known. The little, subglobose, sepaline tube is m le.

translucent, and striped, spotted, flecked, or r suffused with aaa or purp a

dorsal sepal is deeply cucullate as it forms “—_ goa OM : ugar curved

which is inflated below. The rounded base 1s formed by an elongated,

column-foot.

rn slopes of

The largest and most colorful variations are fo —— aay made i Dr.

Pichincha in north-central Ecuador where the first collections OS once by

Jameson. The smaller, pale variations from Central _ ik onl

Endres about 1867, were described by Schlechter as M. cyathog

caudata from collections by Wercklé.

by ES

vib

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1257

Masdevallia ophioglossa Rchb.f., Otia Bot. —e 1: 17, 1878.

Ety.: From the Greek ophioglossa, “‘a snake-tongue,” for the illusion of the slender, snakelike lip.

one sce ay oaee Luer, Phytologia 47: 64, 1980.

Ety.: Fro ‘ossus, “thickened, enlarged,” referring to the thick tails.

Syn.: Masi actin subsp. grossa (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

15:15.

Plant small to very small, epiphytic, fasciculate-ascending to caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls

slender, 3-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 1.5-7 cm long in-

cluding a petiole 0. 5- 3 cm long, the blade narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 0. Sd cm wide, gradual-

io erect peduncle

1.5-7 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract - 3-7 mm long; podioel I-31 1-3 mm Jong: ovary 1.5-

2.5 mm long, with low, undulate i sepals white, g . carinate, oblong, con-

cave, 6-8 mm | ong » 2-5 mr id lat ‘oete anode ae

ted berect. , Slender to eh tastes mae, terete, yellowish tail s

Wad We Pius Gt es es pal te 4-6 m

mm long, inflated at the base, 3-6 mm wid ded, the fr

semiterete, — tails 5-10 mm: long; petals whi fp to nape 2-3 mm rete

0.5-1.5 mm e, the apex acute, sometimes minutely denticulate, the labellar margin with a broad, tri-

angular,

1 A

late base; white to light yellow, narrowly oblong-

triangular, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, with

marginal folds above the — the —_— terete,

minutely to coarsely ve wly obtuse, the

hile more or less hive shallowly channeled,

semiterete, 2.5-3 mm hohe: the foot curved, 2 mm

long, with an extension 0.5 mm lon

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Quito, western slopes of

Pichincha, alt. 6,000 ft., Mar. 1877, FC. Lehmann 27

(Holotype: W); epiphytic near Canchacato and Si-

Slope of Sey: alt. 1800 m, Dec. 1988, A. Hirtz

3953 (MO). Imbabura: cloud forest of Selva Ale-

gre, alt. 2350 m, 1 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A

Hirtz 6054 (SEL).

ECUADOR: Azuay: epiphytic on the western slopes

of Azuay, 1972, collected by B. Malo, flowered in

cultivation at T. arqui, 14 July 1977, C. Luer 1696

(ho of M. grossa: SEL); flowered in cultivation

at Tarqui, 25 May 1988, C. Luer 13680 (MO).

This little species is relatively frequent

in wet forests of the western slopes of

Ecuador. It is easily identified by the

crested ovary, small,.white, tubular flow-

ers dilated at the base, and a lip witha

harrow, verrucose epichile.

In the northern part of the distribution

hear and within the province of Pichincha,

Plants are usually smaller than those from

farther south, near and within the province

of Azuay. The latter was recognized as M.

8rossa. The flowers of plants from the

South are also larger with thicker tails.

1258 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1259

Masdevallia strigosa .K6niger, Die Orchidee 41: 142, 1990.

Ety.: From the Latin strigosus, ‘‘lean, scraggy,” referring to the meagre habit.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1 ee enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths, Leaf erect, coriaceous, as ae meer subacute to obtuse, 3-4 ——

ore the ea 1.5-2 cm long, 0.8-0.9 cm wide, the base into the petiole. I

veld flower borne by a slender, erect, peduncle, 5-6 cm ea with a bract near the middle, from ‘on

icaul; floral bract 5 mm long; pedicel 4 mm long; mae 2mm ee tall-alate; sepals light

iol glabrous, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate, deeply m lon wide i 3-

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to form a gaping, soboriul, sepaline tube, the apex

rounded, abruptly contracted into a clavate, yellow te basally to

form an inflated mentum with the column-foot, 10 mm long cluding pr 3mm long, the blades

the constriction narrowly oblong oblique, 2 mm wide, 1- “-v oe apices subacute, contracted

into slender tails ca. 3 mm a ee

acute, acuminate, 2.5 mm long, mm wide, 1-veined, ‘ecarinate, coals below the middle, lip

orange, thin, oblong, obtuse, arcuate, * mm long, 2 mm wide, vent nore Crect, (ie CESS HONS

channeled, ending margin, th from the

end; seein yellow, semiterete, —— above the middle, 3.5 mm Aras ‘the foot curved, 4 mm long,

with a short, thick, incurved extens

ECUADOR: Pichincha: between Quito and Mindo,

alt. 1600 m, 2 Apr. 1988, flowered in cultivation in

Munich, Germany, W. Kéniger & H. Kéniger eo

(holotype of M. strigosa: M; isotypes: QCA, Herb

Koniger), C. Luer illustr. 20445.

This little species is rare, known only

from the original collection not far west of

Quito. Although obviously allied to the

common, variable, and widely distributed

M. nidifica, it is also related to M. lamia

and the Costa Rican M. molossoides. In

common with them, the lip stands erect at

the tip of a long, curved column-foot.

Masdevallia strigosa was published with-

Out comment and without dimensions of

the floral parts except that the dorsal sepal

was five millimeters long. The present

illustration was made from a dry flower

ed in ammonia.

Masdevallia strigosa is characterized

an inflated, deeply concave, suborbicu-

ar, dorsal sepal, and narrow, single- dorsal sepal is

veined, lateral sepals, all with relatively short ae see of the column,

ed toward the apex. The tiny, translucent petals nett of the column.

with the dilated lower margins along the similarly dilated )

lip is thin and arcuate with broad, thin, erect sides + enlumn-foot is nearly

folding or distortion. The column is winged, and and the rt

twice as long as the gynostemium (the body of ihe cy

1260 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1261

Masdevallia ventricosa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. —_— Veg. 14: 120, 1915.

the sepaline tube.

Ety.: From the Latin ventricosus, “ventricose, ” referring to

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots so Ramicauls erect to suberect, slender, 10-15 mm

—_* serpent by 2-3 tubular she aths. Leaf erec to suberect, faaieapragy ca cm long includ-

ing 8-11 mm cuneate below into

the ear petiole. Inflorescence: a slay flower borne by a slender, Hrenbo — 19 cm long,

with a bract above the base, from

— mm long, 3-crested; sepals chin, translucent yellow,

ally, gla tron Sateen concave, #-10 mm

SP nk, =?

1 om ee 2 nl

“a 5-6 mm wide expanded, connate 5 mm into an inflated, sepaline tube, constricted near

on the lower half, the apex transverse to obtuse, abruptly con’ mteksarreyery yrs wise

sepals pandurate, oblique, 9-11 mm long, 2.5- 3 mm wide, connate 2-3 mm a sharp, transverse

fold, the base belo Ow ted forming line ty

tha a, + M4 eat a | 1 A

tails 9-11 mm long; petals white, oblong, cee, 25am lng I

wide, the margins sometimes minutely serrate b

ending in an obtuse process above the unguiculate base; lip yellow, subpandurate, erect, 4 some slong, 2 long, 2

mm Seti with obtuse, marginal folds ab

margins, acute, the hypochile broadly oblong, : sulcate orn the base truncate, e, hinged on the

ts column white, semiterete, 3 mm long,

ECUADOR: Pichincha: subandine forest near

Canzacoto, Jan. 1892, A. Sodiro 32 (Holotype de-

dita at B; Lectotype here designated: BR; (

—_

tween Chillanes and San Jo:

Tambo, San Vicente, alt. 1750 m, 18 Feb. 1991, C.H.

ion, W.S. Stevenson, N. Williams, M. Whitten &

A. ehees 18711 (MO). —

SSI ap

This species is closely related to the me a 5

frequent and widely distributed M. nidifi- By

ca, but M. ventricosa occurs much less

.. and only on the western slopes 4

ol the Andes of central Ecuador. Vegeta-

tively, it is slightly larger than M. nidifica “1

and with longer peduncles. The similarly ! De

globose, inflated flowers are a pure yellow

With consistently much shorter, slightly

thicker, Sepaline tails. The best distin- S

Suishing feature is the lip, the epichile of

Which is narrowly triangular instead of

Ovate or flabellate. pwer latera to

The dorsal sepal is deeply cucullate and connate to secs

form a constricted tube which is inflated below. The rounded ithi

elongated, curved column-foot. From the free extension the margin, and the lip is divided

the flower. The petals are callous along the Libel wer oblong

by Marginal folds into a narrowly triangular epi chile and an

1262 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 645. Masdevallia ventricosa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1263

MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS SCABRIPES

Masdevallia subgenus Scabripes Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77:

10, 2000.

Ety.: From the Latin pee aban cg: ose: to the scabrous peduncle.

The description of the single species will suffice for the subgenus. It is charac-

terized by a successively flowered inflorescence borne by a scabrous peduncle, and

a minute hornlike process on either side of the lip above the base.

Masdevallia bicornis Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri in Gard. 64: 128, 1997.

Ety.: From the Latin bicornis, “‘with two horns,” referring to the calli of the lip.

Portillia popowiana ite & J.Portilla, Arcula 6: stom not. oilain sade.

pl + a 2. r . 1 R I t t t

ee enclosed by 2-3 loose, shad ar s — — Leaf erect, thinky coriaceous, 10-21 cm long nding a

e 3-5 = long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, 3-3.5 cm wide, the base narrow

ead into the petiol e. I Je. nutant flower, t

by a more or less horizontal, scurfy peduncle 12-24 em long, with 3 distant bracts, the are covered

by more or less branching scales, from near the base of a ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, oblique, 7-10

- ; th to minutel verrucose, tue g; sepals

mm long; pedicels 8-12 mm long; qray eee iA ar, 15 mm long, 12

red-brown with yellow tails, glabrou: ocak

mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the ot sepals for 5 mm without formin; orming a a spaling tube, the Pp aeees

acute, contracted into a forwardly directed, slender tail 40-45 mm long, the lateral nc each haf sulate

into a broadly expanded, bifid, obovate lamina, 25 mm long, 24 mm wide, 6-veined,

between a pair of longitudinal, ob

gins inflexed, ag i into slender tails 30-35 mm long; petals = peor cartilaginous wide, the base

pia — obit

shiec

ng,

te, hie rocess 1.5 mm long,

ceiling dark brown, light brown at the base, with etre ; calli, oblon ong- agentes? th inion

m wide a the middle, 1.4 mm wide at the middle, the csi shallowly —_— ae the middle

sea, the disc with a tall, grooved

ute, uncinate 2

between a longitudinal pair: of onl Mega a pair pa ac - Su aa a short, thin strap t the

orice column light ne arcuate, lvoe 8 mm long, narrowly win,

the foot thick with a short, thin, incurved extension.

ECU rona-Santiago: E] Pangui, alt. 1000

m, collected by J. Portilla, paren to N. Popow,

by Kéniger date olotype: M; Isotypes

reported: K, QCA); ‘‘Macas,” alt. 700 m, A. Hirtz

658] (MO), C. Luer illustr. 18609.

This species, endemic in lowland,

eastern Ecuador, was collected in 1996 by

José Portilla who exported plants to

Popow in Germany. It is the only species

of the genus with a scurfy peduncle. The x ithout discussion. DNA

species was described in a unispecific genus by K6niger w!

analyses indicate a relationship with the genus ee

ramicaul; a large

Masdevallia bicornis is characterized by a short ie

and a successively flowered raceme. The long pedunc the peduncles of some

scaly trichomes that are similar to those found sh iait ay or verrucose pedun-

species of Scaphosepalum. Both smooth

cles also occur within Pleurothallis and Trisetell. — with subplicate veins similar to

The lateral sepals are connate into a synsep ss ted process, or tooth, at

those seen in M. empusa. The petals are ae The lip is of

the base exactly as seen in several species of agent a tall, cleft callus closely

the same basic design found in the subsection, W

that of M. catepheres. lip above the base,

A minute, pointed appendage arises from teed i

1264 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

perhaps analogous to the lateral lobules found on the lips of M. andreettana and M.

persicina. The lip is flexibly joined to the column-foot by a thin, strap-like hinge

from the tip of the column-foot. It is attached within the concave undersurface of

the base of the lip, in a manner identical to that of the species of subsection Oscil-

lantes, to permit oscillation. The column is also similar to those of the species of

the subsection.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1265

MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS TEAGUEIA

Masdevallia subgen. Teagueia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16:

53, 1986.

Type: Masdevallia teaguei Luer.

Ety.: Named for Walter Teague of San Francisco, CA, who first collected this species.

Syn.: Jostia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: Bide)

Ety.: Named for Louis Jost, ho discovered the activity of the lip.

The single species siribenad’ to this cobpeaae is distinguished by an actively

mobile lip with a pair of large, flat plates covering the disc, and hinged around a

thick column-foot by a thin strap. Although well on its way down another evolu-

tionary ae DNA analyses indicate a relationship with Masdevallia.

Masdevallia teaguei Luer, ore 2: 381, 1978.

Ety.: Named in honor of Walter Ti of San Francisco, California, co-discoverer of the species.

sce Masdevallia braasii Mohr, Die asenaant 35: 64, 1984.

“N dinh f Lothar Braas. FE y author.

Syn: Jostia a teh: Luer.

der. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 2-6

cm ken: enclosed by 2 3 loose, ‘bul sheaths. Leaf dark green, ¢ erect, CoRRCHOmE, petiolate, or

cm long,

3cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole eae ongested, successi ively ser owed

raceme up to 3 cm long, borne by an erect, slender, terete ck 9-18 cm long, ws a bract above

base and borne from above the base of the ramicaul; floral bracts loose, tubular, 8-15 mm long; pedicel

- to red- le, vec toward the base,

12-16 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals red-brown to red-purple, y ons on og 9

glabrous externally, microscopically red-pubescent within, the

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 7 mm to form in funnel-shaped tube, the ovate,

the obtus ted int erect, slender, yellow tail 17-20 mm long, the lateral sepals 18 mm

long, connate 15 mm into an expanded, ovate lamina 19 mm wide below middle,

forming a mentum below the column-f y ve, Se

into slender tails 7 mm long; I l hird of the column, , yellow, ed with nc

both m ilated, the lower half with a short, thick acute, ror call above te tase ip lip

ges ple ibd to th f the disc. 3.75 mm wide, the

deeply cleft down the center to form a of prostrate,

a the rigidly decurved, rounded apical lobe 2.5 mm long,

amellae, the base thickened, hinged d below by a broad, thin s

eae umn yellow, semiterete, 6 mm long, with the p

mm long, very thic k, incurved, the apex su bous.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in ¢

forest near Valladolid, alt. ca. 300 1 m, July on

collected by W. Teague, L. Figueroa & D. Welisch,

ultivated in San Francisco, 1978, C. Luer 2035

(Holotype: SEL); e epiphytic in cloud forest above

Valladolid, alt. 2450 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S.

Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J. Kuijt & D. D’Alessandro

9583 (MO); same area, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10942 (MO). Morona-

Santiago: Tinajillas, road to Lim6n, alt. 2100 m,

collected by E. S4nchez, Jan. 1995, A. igi etg

(MO), Milagro above Limén, al bi

cahdvalke uetcmeee E. Sanchez, 6 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19795 (MO). Tungurahua: Cerro Abitagua,

alt. — 17 —_ 1998, cers 1673 (MO) oF nk of M. braasii, Herb. Mohr).

ested, succes-

This species is found infrequently in southern aenentangl a

sively flowered raceme, about as high as dark green, pe a aetna ception

erect, terete peduncle that originates above the base 0

connate to the lower third of the column, possess a basal tooth ae

The body of the lip consists of a broad hypochile composed of a pair 0

e decurves from be-

laminae separated by a deep cleft. A rigid, tricarinate

the apex, elliptical, oblique, 6mm long, 3 mm wide,

tly d i

2.25 mm wide with 3 tall, subverrucose

strap to the bottom 0 of the oe .

1266 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

neath the apex of the laminae. The thickened base of the lip rests on the edge of a

markedly thickened end of the column-foot. A broad, thin Strap originating from

below the middle of the undersurface of the lip is inserted onto the backsurface of

the thickened end of the column-foot. Gravity seems to hold the lip in the ‘‘open”’

position, but a tactile stimulus causes the lip to rise into a ‘‘closed” position.

aa a

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1267

MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS VOLVULA

5. subgenus Volvula Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77:

0, 2000.

fies ’ Masdevallia caudivolvula Krae

Ety.: From the Latin volvulus, “a fies intestine,” in allusion to the spiraled tails of the sepals.

The description of the single species will suffice for the subgenus. It is charac-

terized by a single-flowered inflorescence and a lip divided by marginal folds. The

thick sepals, that are carinate internally, with thick, twisted tails are unique,

Sp sieanng caudivolvula Kraenzl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 128, 1922.

m the Latin caudivolvulus, “with a seaesiegs tail,” referring to the sepaline tails.

Plant medium in size , epiphyti : t der. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 2-45

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, thin, tubular sheaths. bye coriaceous, 5-11 cm long including the

below into the petiole. Inflores-

from low on te eevee ul; floral bract tubular, 8-12 mm long; pedicel 6-8 mm long; ovary trialate, 5 mm

ong; ow, coe with brown, thick, rigid, concave with thickened veins w withia, oo

sepal Scie 8 mm | mm wi e, connate to tail 2-25 cm

sepaline tube, t d twisted, : # 4

mae the lateral | sepals mminstely pubescent within, oblong, oblige, 8 mm long, 5 yet pn re

callous along the labellar margin

oblong-pandurate, 5

oblong, 4mm long, 1.75 mm wide, with | the apex truncate, tridentate,

: lip white, d with

long, 2 mm wide, narrowed near the middle with marginal folds, with the

apiculate, the base truncate, hinged beneath; column green, suffused with

the foot equally long, with a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: “Medellin,” alt. 2300-

2650 m, Kalbreyer 1731 (Holotype presumably

destroyed at B); near Medellin, May 1882, G

El Retiro, Hda. Normandifa, alt. 2500 m, 2 Dec. 1956,

M. Ospina H. 75 (AMES); El Retiro, Alto de Las

Palmas, alt. 2480 m, May 1977, E. Acevedo s.n.

(JAUM); same collection, cultivated at Colombor-

quideas 20 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13267 (MO); El

Carmen, Perditas de San Lorenzo, alt. 2500 m, 27

Nov. 1975, R. Escobar et al, s.n. (JAUM); M Medellin,

Cerro Padre Amaya, alt. 2350 m, 23 June 1975, R.

Escobar et al. s.n. (JAUM); Sons6n, Tres Cruces, alt.

ag m, ohn Apr. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. peat ok

Union, San Bartolo, alt. 2400 m 73 Nov. |

ate LC: ya seine s.n. (JAUM, SEL). ‘Cade de San Miguel, pg tegen Escobar et

Escobar et al. s. AUM); between Anserma and sicaatse alt. 2100 m,

“14 of

This species without close relatives is endemic in the Central _

Colombia where it was collected independently about wit er’s collection was

the early 1880's, by both Kalbreyer and Schmidtchen. . asap? *s herbari-

um in Vienna. For unknown reasons bee failed ‘ 8

Pethaps he believed the twiisted tails to be an artefact. Fhe oter species ofthe

Vegetatively indistinguishable from the majority 0 ick. tails

genus, this single-flowered species is unique with the thi thickened along

look like three cork-screws. The fleshy 2 ~ inal callus above

the base. The lip is divided by marginal folds into an : si ——

Masdevallia caudivolvula does not thrive in cultivalion.

years

afew years

1268 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 648. Masdevallia caudivolvula

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1269

EPILOGUE

In the Foreword to this Part Five of the Systematics of Masdevallia, I naively

stated that the treatment of the genus is now complete, but modified by adding *‘as

of today.” It will never be complete. We often wonder what Lindley, Reichenbach,

and Schlechter would have thought. New species are continually being discovered

as the pristine forests of the Neotropics are invaded. As their habitats are destroyed,

many other species still undescribed are being annihilated before ever reaching an

authority. I might add that bureaucratic regulations now hamper the way from

discovery to print.

When I drew my first Masdevallia in 1975, I did not envision the Icones. Icones

Pleurothallidinarum began first in Selbyana with illustrations I now discard as

crude. The present series began in 1986 as a publication of the Missouri Botanical

Garden, with Icones-2 being a broad over-view of the genus Masdevallia. As early

as 1977, the idea of a publication with all species of Masdevallia was contemplated

with Rodrigo Escobar. It seemed an impossible dream as we grappled in the dark.

As the number of illustrations and familiarity with the genus grew, and techniques

improved with the arrival of the personal computer, the ultimate goal no longer

seemed unrealistic. ; ;

A coffee-table series called Thesaurus Masdevalliarum with reproductions of

watercolors in natural size in full color was begun in Germany in 1984. It —

today with the 26th fascicle of A Treasure of Masdevallia by the Missouri Botanical

Garden. The five volumes of Icones Pleurothallidinarum are a compilation be

the species already found in the coffee-table tomes, as well as all the species a :

included, for a grand total of about 500. Loose leaf editions of the Icones 0 ab :

excellent way to keep current with the addition of new species, as well eer?

changes and corrections.

I wish you all well i

orchids.

n your enjoyment of one of the most intriguing genera of

1270 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

REFERENCES

Brummit, R.K. & C.E. Powe, 1992. Authors of plant names. Os ashe emp ae Kew.

Dopson, C.H., 2002. Native Ecuadorian Orchids, vol. 3. . Imprenta Mariscal, uador, 480-543.

DRESSLER, R.L., 1981. Th i leieara ‘Coleone Press, Cam-

~----- 1993. Phylogeny and classification of the orchid family. Dioscorides Press, Portland,

OR.

Escopar, R., 1991. Posie Sree Orchids, vol. 2. Editorial Colina, Compajifa Litogr4phica Nacion-

al S.A. » Medellin, 87.

1998. hans Combi Orchids, vol. 6. Editorial Colina, Compajfiia Litographica Nacion-

al S.A., Medellin, 268-

KRANZLIN F., 1925. M hi Masdevallia, Lothiania, Scaphosepalum, Cryptophor-

anthus & Pseudoctomeria. sy say hai Nov. Regni Veg. ec 34: 197-201

Lawrence, G.H.M. et al., 1968. Botanico-Perodicum-Huntianum. Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh,

Luer, C.A., 1983-1995. Thesaurus Masde valliarum, 1-19, Verlag Helga Koniger, Munich, Germany.

wostesaannne nee mehed uae Weasure of Masdevallia, 21- 26, Missouri i Bot. Gard.

Missouri Bot Gard. 15: 35, 37.

~s---z==ce-=-~= 1986b. Icones Pleurothallidinarum II. Systematics of Masdevallia. Monogr. Syst. Bot.

oneselagp ig 16: : 1-63. :

Monogr. Syst Bot

+ oo - fel. DI 1.9921. tems, y phylo-

genetic method. selene ret S710.

PRIDGEON, A.M. & M.W. CHase, 200 A phylogenetic reclassification of Pleurothallidi Lindleyana

16(4): 235-271.

H.G., f., 1854-1900, Xenia Orchidaceae, vols. I-III.

ee cate a 107-117.

ul, a better term for the pleurothallid ‘secondary stem.”

: - Manual of

Wituiams, B.S. & H., 1894. The ou

. gTower’s emacs Masievillid.

Woo warp, F., 1896. The genus Masdevallia. The The Marquess nope Newbattle Abbey, Scotland.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1271

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Over the nearly 30 years during which information was gathered for this five-

part treatment of the genus Masdevallia, I have received generous help from

numerous persons and various sources. I hope I have not overlooked too many.

For nomenclatural advice I thank Dan Nicolson of the Smithsonian Institution.

As many times before, I thank Mrs. Amy McPherson, Kristin Pierce, and Phil

and Ann Jesup for their meticulous reading of hundreds of pages of text.

I thank the following herbaria which were consulted: AAU, AMES, B, BAS,

BM, BR, BREM, C, G, GB, HAL, HBG, JAUM, JE, K, L, LD, LE, LPB, LZ, M,

MO, NY, P, QCA, QCNE, QPLS, S, SEL, US, VEN, and W. I owe especial grati-

tude to Phillip Cribb, Gustavo Romero, James Solomon, and Bruno Wallnéfer for

many kindnesses extended to me on repeated visits to K (Kew), AMES, MO, and W

(Vienna) respectively.

I owe immense gratitude for access to the living collections of J & L Orchids of

Cordelia Head, Marguerite Webb, and Lucinda Winn, Easton, CT; Colomborqui-

deas of Juan Felipe and Ligia Posada, El Retiro, Colombia; Finca Dracula of

Andres Maduro, Cerro Punta, Panama; Orchideeénkwerkerij of Ton Sijm, Venhui-

zen, Holland; Royden Orchids of Roy and Denise Barrow, Great Missenden, UK;

Orquideas Peruanas of Manuel Arias, Lima, Peru; Orquideas del Valle of Andrea

Niessen and Juan Carlos Uribe, Cali, Colombia; Ecuagenera of José Portilla and

family, Gualaceo, Ecuador; Will Rhodehamel of Hoosier Orchids, Indianapolis, IN;

and the British National Collection of Pleurothallids maintained by Stephen Man-

ning, Tarporley, UK.

I am equally grateful for the generous help from many people, some far more

than others, but listed in alphabetical order: Father Angel Andreetta of Paute,

Ecuador; Dr. Moises Behar of Guatemala; Richard Burian of Portland, OR; :

and Martine Cloes, Hasselt, Belgium; Dennis D’ Alessandro of Beaver, —

Calaway Dodson of Sarasota, FL; Dr. Robert Dressler of Micanopy, cla a

Dukes and Bill Thoms of Brandon, FL; Peter and Gail Furniss of apeoaeis

Luiz Diego Gémez of San José, Costa Rica; Johan and Clare puniwad: Phil

UK; Juan del Hierro of Quito, Ecuador; Rudolf Jenny of Bern, Swi : ea le

and Ann Jesup of Bristol, CT; Louis Jost of Bafios, Ecuador, apa ig 0 Malo of

Koniger of Munich, Germany; John Leathers of Berkeley, CA; ao pa

Cuenca, Ecuador; Monica and Fernando Navarro of es or, Ly

O’ Shaughnessy of Howell, MI; Pieter Oversteegen eens f Wageningen,

Malli and Vera Lee Rao of Wilmington, DE; Tineke — : age

The Netherlands; Dr. Isaias Rolando of Lima, Peru; yet aacat Palo Alto,

Middleburg, FL; Jan Sénnemark of Halmstad, Sweden; f Portland, OR; Shigenobu

CA; Walter Teague of San Francisco, CA; Ken —S Ganmeny.

Tsubota of Pereira, Colombia; and Berthold hone SE aha, Alexander C.

I especially thank Rodrigo Escobar R. of Mede Santa Cruz, Bolivia, for their

Hirtz of Quito, Ecuador, and Roberto Vasquez a a countries for i le

invaluable help and companionship in their eee Dalstrém, also for his

field trips for over a quarter of a century. I i his =e in inking my illustra-

companionship on numerous field trips, aS hens = e by generous contributions

tions for the past ten years, which was Sarg 7 but not least, there is Jane my

from members of the Pleurothallid Alliance. a hose incalculable support and

devotion, I could not have produced these w

1272 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS

AAU, Herbarium Jutlandicum, Botanical Institute, University of Aarhus.

acuminate, the margins of the leaf or floral p t d tt pex, tapering toa point.

acute ppli As el ip Lek 1 Cc Qo al part, oh. 74 at g

alt., altitude, th ber of b level

Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull., Bulletin of the American Orchid Society.

AMES, the Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames, Cambridge, MA.

annulus, an ob i jing th icaul at th

f the inflorescence.

J o

Pe | stene

anther, the apical part of th ollinia.

anther cap, the operuculate

apiculate, ith

the aney +

covering of the pollinia.

attenuate, long-acuminate.

B, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem.

AS, Herbarium, Botanisches Institut, Universitat Basel.

basionym, a name in a different genus or other combination upon which a later name or

callus, a thickening, a protuberance, or one or more keels on the disc of the lip.

capitate, enlarged or globose at the apex.

capsule, a fruit that dries and opens at maturity, shedding numerous seeds.

carina, a low lamella or k 1, an elongated thickeni a

carinate, with a carina or carinae.

i thickened, firm and tough, like cartilage.

caudate, as applied to the floral parts, the apex terminating in a tail,

caudicle, the narrowed tip of a pollinium.

» with prominent glandular or capitate cells, with a cobble-stone appear-

& Vaillis,

ance,

ciliate, with hairs (cilia) on the margin.

cleft, channeled ag Sulcate, with a longitudinal groove.

COL, Herbario Nacional, Bogoté, Colombia.

a the central structure of the flower composed of the united style and the filaments of

column-foot, the extension of the base of the column to which the lip is attached.

ian of the leaves, with a Single, midline fold.

congested, densely flowered, the flowers closely spaced.

connate, inseparable, or united.

es texture.

Costate, with longitudinal, raised ridges; ribbed.

crested, with irregular, longitudinal lamellae.

toothed.

dept., a department, a political division of a

country.

doncan, k: the upper surface of the central portion of the lip.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1273

epiphytic, growing upon another plant, but not parasitic.

filamentous, filiform, slender as a hair or thread.

floral bract, the bract subtending a pedicel.

G, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville Genéve.

Gard. Chron., the Gardeners’ Chronicle.

gen., genus, genera (pl.), the taxonomic category including sf

ial name.

glabrous, smooth, without hairs.

HAL, Herbarium, Sektion Biowissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universitat, Halle.

HBG, Herbarium, Institut fiir Allgemeine Botanik, Ham!

herbarium, a collection of pressed, dried and mounted specimens of plants.

holotype, the specimen upon which the taxon is based.

hypochile, the basal portion of a divided lip.

inflorescence, the single flower, or a raceme of flow

isotype, any duplicate of the holotype, that is, any pres that is part of the same collec-

tion as the holotype

JAUM, the herbarium of ‘Joaquin Antonio Uribe,”’ Medellin.

JE, Herbarium Haussknecht, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, Jena.

K, the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew.

Kraenzl., Fritz Kranzlin, German taxonomist.

L, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, The Netherlands.

LD, Herbarium, Botanical Museum, Lund, rig

LE, Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersb

lamella, a tall carina or keel, a plate-like Pee. or callus (

lamellae).

lamellate, with a lamella or lamellae.

lamina, the blade of a leaf, sepal(s), or petal:

the fi tt ata hinom.

a callus may include many

lax, loose, the inflorescence laxly or loosely tek the flowers distantly _. a

lectotype, a specimen selected from among original specimens as the type jotype

was cited, : ;

Lehm., Friedrich Carl Lehmann, German engineer and consul in Popay4n, Colombia.

lip, the labellum, the modified third _.

LPB, Herbario Nacional de Bolivi : sine

LZ, Wissenschaftsbereich rosonmietkolg und Botanischer Garten, Leipzig.

M, Herbarium, Botanische Staatssammlung, Munchen. ee

m, meter, meters, the metric unit of length oa centimeters) equal to 39.37 t about

1 yards.

MO, the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. ene

a specimen selected as the type when all original specimens aaa ’

nerve, vein, the longitudinal line or lines within the floral parts, represent! ascular

dles

NY, the herbarium of the New York Botanical ae eee ee

obovate, egg-shaped in outline, widest between OF an angle more than

obtuse, applied to the tip of the leaf or floral part, the sides meeting

90°.

ovary, the part of the flower that develops into — middle.

ovate, nop in outline, widest between . aetny g’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

pandurate, violin-shaped, narrowest near the middle.

Papillose, covered with papillae or ripple a

pedicel, the stem of an individual flower.

peduncle, the stem that bears a solitary flow ower or a raceme.

1274 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

pollinium, pollinia (pl.), compact masses of pollen produced in the anther (two in Masdeval-

lia).

prov., a province, a political division of a country.

pubescent, more or less covered with hairs,

pyriform, pear-shaped.

QCA, Herbario, Departamento de Biologia, Pontificia Universidad Catdlica, Quito.

QCNE, Herbario, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Quito.

QPLS, Herbario P. Luis Sodiro, Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Polit, Quito.

raceme, an unbranched i ;

rachis, the axis or stem of the inflorescence beyond the peduncle.

ramicaul, the “ stem,” the aerial, leaf-bearing stem, applied only to pleurothallids.

Rehb. f., Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, filius, German taxonomist, and son of.

repent, creeping, as applied to an elongated rhizome, as opposed to ‘ ‘caespitose.”’

resupinate, the er bearing the lip lowermost.

rhizome, the harisrnta? ct 4 P ¢ ao

ribbed, with longitudinal cost idges; costate.

the minute flap between the anther and the stigma.

S, Herbarium, Botany Department, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm.

saccate, sacklike, or deeply concave.

Schitr., Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter, German taxonomist.

sect., subsect., section, subsection, divisions of a genus.

es of successive ramicauls.

sheaths, the thin, leaflike structures enveloping the lower portions of the ramicauls.

spathulate, Spoon-shaped, an ovate or obovate blade with a narrow stalk.

species, Species (pl.), a population or a group of interbreeding or potentially interbreeding

Populations that share genetic features, and are separated by barriers from other populations;

sem. generaltermappidtthe nen sie binomial name

the stemlike base of the leaf (petiole), the “secondary stem”’ (ramicaul), or the rhizome.

Stigma, the receptive Part of the column on the undersurface.

subacute, acute, the angle of the apex onl slightly less than 90°.

» 4 division of a section.

Successive, of a raceme, the flowers maturing in succession, as opposed to simultaneously.

channeled, with a longitudinal groove,

synonym, an alternate (usually Superseded) name.

Syntype, any one or more secimems cited by an author when no holotype was designated.

tail, a cauda, the elongated, narrow apex of a flower part

y; 4 le}

M the: stiewiss f ion and classification: s stematics.

terete, cylindrical, round in cross ion. ae

truncate, as though cut off transversely at the apex.

US co } a

: ni ational Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, W. hington, DC

+ Herbario Nacional de pe ae

ventral, on the underside.

warty.

W_ the hechan:

te f the Naturhistorisct Museum in Vienna (Wien).

winged, of the Ovary, with tall, longitudinal keels, soon

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

1275

CHECK LIST OF THE SPECIES, SUBSPECIES, VARIETIES AND

ATURAL HYBRIDS ATTRIBUTED TO THE GENUS MASDEVALLIA

M. abbreviata Rchb.f., Ecu., Peru

M. acaroi Luer & Hirtz, Ecu.

M. acrochordonia Rchb.f., Ecu.

. adamsii Luer, Belize

M. gpa oa

M. affinis

subsp. sera (Schitr.) Luer = M. laevis

subsp. gens or ) Luer = M. laevis

M. agaste

tahualpa Luer, Peru

M. atropurpurea Rchb.f. (sphalm.) =

M. auropurpurea

M. aborubeas teat ex Woolw. nomen nudum

M. atrosanguinea B.S. Wiliams = M. cnecines

= M. mooreana

Lue: M. Koniger,

. aguirrei “pak 4 Hoiaoe Col. aurantiaca Lindl. = M. infracta

M. albella Luer & Teague, Ecu. M. aurea Luer, Ecu.

M. albicans Luer = Dryadella albicans (Luer) Luer _M. aureodactyla Luer = M. pore

M. albida Lem. = M. infracta M. aureolutewm Godefroy = Mi.”

M. alexandri Luer, ee M. aure Weberbauer = M. bicolor

ah aahaty M. auriculi, gera Rchb.f. = Dryadella auriculigera

M. allenii L.O. Williams = Trisetella triglochin (Rchb-f.)

(Rchb.f.) Luer M. auro, pacenpatecnocingere

Xalvaroi Luer & Escobar, Col. . aurorae Luer & M.W. Chase,

M. amabilis Rchb.f. & Warsz., Peru M. aviceps Rehbf. = Dryadella

M. amaluzae Luer & Malo, Ecu (Rehb-f.) Luer ial

Rchb.f., Ven., Col., Ecu M. ayabacana Luer,

M. ee) Rch o amethysti- mye ie = Dracula chimaera

or unladen Luer & Hirtz, Ecu. M. bangii Schitt., apg ee

M. amoena Luer, Ecu. M. barlaeana Sea

M. amplexa Luer, Peru BM. hence ee a

M. anachaeta Rchb.f., Col., Ecu., Peru, Bol. M. bella Rchb-f. pny

M. anaristella Kraenzl. = Barbosella M. belua Koniger & D Risse edict

(Kraenzl.) Garay M. benedictii :

segs pas HZ Oe alan. Foe

M. anchorifera Rchb.f. = Scaphosepalum anchor- M. bennettii Luer, antec, Bow

iferum (Rch' M. berthae Luer ee Ven., Col., Ecu., Peru, Bol.

M. andre = Dracula andreettae (Luer) Luer Me oe te

Luer, Ecu E. Morr. =M.

M. anemone Luer, angst M. biflora not Morr. =

M. anfracta Koni niger, M. bflora Rear Or 1) Garay = M. platypiosss

M. angulata Rchb f., or , Ecu. page aE

M. angulifera Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl., Col. M bland ee arien ex André = M. ignes

M. anomala Luer & Sijm, Peru x valve Schitr., Bol.

M. antioquiensis Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M molossus epee haea (Luer & Vasquez) Luer =

M. antonii Kéniger, Peru once

M. anura =M. es M. ‘ Fiske = Dracula lotax (Luer) Luer

M. aops Luer & Malo = M. —e Col., Ecu., Peru

M. aperta Kraenzl.= tripterantha Rchb.{M. bomplandl 2°" 4. ata

M. * M. borucana 3 Ecu.

aphanes Koniger, , Peru M. bottae Luer &

M. apparitio Luer & Escobar, Col - Ecu.

M. approviata Hort. ex Woolw. = M. coccmea ; Mohr = M. teaguel

rc , Col. apnea ., Bol.

M. argus Rchb. ex Kraenzl. = Zootrophion argus prachyura Lehm. & Kraenzl., Eco.

es Ge L Me ore i Schltr. ex Hoehne = aviceps

M. ariasii I Mer, Perm M. peep

M. aristata Barb.Rodr. = M. infracta ae saneri Luer, Ecu.

M. armeniaca B.S.Williams = M. coccinea Mr hrovis Rchb.. = Scaphosepalum breve

M. arminii Linden & Rchb-f., Col. (Rchb£.) Rolfe

M. aspera Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. = M.

calagrasalis Luer,

M. callifera Schitr = Dracula hantt

Luer

M. calocalix Luer, Ecu.

M. Gee ee en

M. caloptera Rch

M. dikehcuneed aeace o = M. amanda

Luer,

M. calosiphon Peru

M. calura Rchb.f., C_R.

eg Kraenzl. =

corniculata

M. campyloglossa Rchb.f. Col., Ecu., Peru

M. candida Lindl. =

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

M. chloracra Rchb.f. = M. «Sag

M. chlorotica Kraenzl. = M. laevis

M. chontalensis Rchb.f., C.R., Pan.

M. chrysochaete Lehm. & Kraenzl

& Escobar, Col.

M. cocapatae Laer, —— & oe Bol.

M. coccinea x Lindl.,

M. colibri Burbidge = M. trochilus

M. collantesii D.E.Benn. & ai Peru

M. collins LO. Mirra nia

All, Dp, 3

mordax mordax (Rchb.f ) Sweet

M. colossus Luer, Ec cUu.,

& Hirtz, Ecu.

. laevis

& Endl., Ecu., Peru

constricta Pi Poepp.

subsp. ortgiesiana apse = M. campyloglossa M. copiosa Kraenzl. = M. hians

M. corazonica Sc

M. Suadile Klatieei Rit eee ein =M.

M. capillaris Luer = = M. plantaginea

ote ri Rchb.f. = = Dracula inaequalis (Rchb.f.)

= M. caudata

om eerninnien

Kraenzl., Col.

Schltr., Ecu.

Peru

Seoaigra Ecu.

M. Co bE

subsp. bonplandii auee 1 dL Leer = M. bonplandii

M. corniculata Rchb.f., Col.,

var. amen es. M. corniculata

M. cosmia Koniger & Sijm, Peru

M. costaricensis Rolfe = M.

cranion Luer, Peru

i Luer & J-Portilla, Ecu

Me couscnie Luer & J.Portilla, sphalgm. =

M. crenulata Pabst = Dryadella crenulata

(Pabst

crescenticola Lehm. & Kraenzl., Col., Ecu.

M. cretata Luer, Ecu.

M. cryptocopis Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. = M. picturata

M. cucullata Lindl, Col., Ecu.

M. cucuti is Kraenzl. - = M. caudata

M. culex hort. = Pl h

M. cuprea Lindl., Guay, Suriname, Fr. Guay., Ven.

subsp. hepatica (Luer) L

2. D-hh f

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1277

M. deformis Kraenzl., Ecu. M. estradae Rchb-.f., Col.

subsp. exaltata Luer = M. deformis var. delicata = M. estradae

. delhierroi Luer & Hirtz, Col. var. ludibunda = M. ludibunda

M. delphina Luer, Ecu. var. xanthina =

M. deltoidea Luer = Dracula deltoidea (Luer) Luer M. eucharis Luer,

M. demissa Rchb.f., C.R. M. eumeces Luer, Peru

M. deniseana Luer & J.Portilla, Ecu. M. eumeliae Luer, Peru

M. denisonii Dombrain = M. coccinea M. eurynogaster Luer & Andreetta, Ecu.

M. densiflora Schitr. M. exaltata Luer = M.

M. deorsum Rolfe = M. caesia M. excelsior Luer & Andreetta, Ecu.

M. dermatantha Kraenzl. = M. campyloglossa M. exigua Ames & C.Schweinf. = M. pygmaea

descendens Luer & Andree u. M. exilipes Schitr. = M. klabochiorum

M. diantha Schitr. = M. chon expansa Rchb.f,

M. didyma Luer = Trisetella didyma (Luer) Luer M. expers Luer & Andreetta, Ecu.

M. hotricha Luer & Hirtz, Ecu. exquisita Luer & Hirtz, Bol

discoidea & Wiirstle, Brazil = falcago ne Col.

M. discolor Luer & Escobar, Col fasciata

dispar Luer = M. M. felix Luer = Dracula felix (Luer) Luer

- diversifolia Kraenzl. = M. parvula M. fenestrata

oe in (1 ) Luer (Lindl.) Luer

dolichopoda Luer = Dryadella dolichopoda M. fertilis Kraenzl. = M. campyloglossa

wise See

M. don-quijote Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. : :

M. derbi Ha Ecu. M. filaria Luer & Escobar, Col., agg ma ee

. draconis Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. M. fimbriata &C 2

M. dreisei Luer, Ecu. setosa C.Schweint.

M. dressleri Lee = Trisetella dressleri (Luer) Luer _M. fissa Kraenal. = M. Ww

uer & Escobar, Col M. Se ae anol

M. dudleyi . uer, M. resent pt a

Mi imabexeliteh Exes , Ven M. flava (hort. ex :

dette ten ee ae tl Hond, El Sal., Nic.,C.R.

M. dynastes 7

M. eburnea — Maduro, Pan . een eo .

M. ecuadata Schitr. = M. tubuliflora M. foeda Luet & “

(Rchb. f.) Garay ana Kraenzi

M. echinata Luer & Andreetta = M. rosea subsp. ee eresosa Luer & Coes, Peru

M. echinocarpa Schitr. = M. erinacea M. fosters Le OT Kraenzi., Ecu.

M. echo Luer, Peru Se ok

M. eclyptrata Kraenzl (sphalm.) = specs Me mannii Luer & Vésquez, Bol

. eduardii Reh f= Perregiean oleae M. Ses ais Krocazi. « M. herraderae

(Rchb.f.) Swee M. fuchsii Luer, Peru

oe = Dryadela wali (Cogn) Lae ae baad .sa Luer = Dracula radiella (Luer)

M. elachys Luer, = fulvescens Rolfe,

M. elata Luer = Dryadelia elata (Ler) Lue ae aa avbris Endres ex Kraenzi. = M. reichen-

M. elegans Luer & Escobar, Peru ~~

biscotti chb.f. & Warsz., leata Linden = M.

pachysepala Rchb.. = M. pachysepala MM celectiona Rich. & Gal. = M. Soribunde

M. des meant = M. peristeria |. garciae Luer, Ven.

M. empusa Ecu., Peru M.cargantua Reh... Col

ih cinteces ence ae, Mhybr. M. qastelliana Rchb-. = Dracula erythrochacte

M. encephala Luer & Escobar, Col. " (Rchb.f.) Luer

M. endotrachys Kraenzl. = M. coriacea subsp. M. geminiflora P. Ortiz, Col., Ecu.

M. ta Rehb-f. = Trisetella gemmata

on ensata Rchb-f., Ven. " (Rchb.f.) Luer -

Luer & Cloes, Peru riachii Koniget = macrogie

M. ephippium Rchb.f. =M. trochilus M. ge Rchb.f, = Scaphosepalum gibberosum

Var. ac (Rchb-f.) Rolfe gigas

M. erinacea Rohb.f., C.R., Pan., Col, Eou. M. gigas Luer & Andrectta = Dracula

M. erythrochaete f. (Luer & Andreetta) Luer a

zi f nh iota ecpirite- M. gilbertoi Luer & :

M. glandulosa Koniger, Ecu., Peru

M. glomerosa Andreetta, Ecu.

M. gloriae Luer & Maduro, Pan.

M. glossacles Luer = M. mentosa

M. gnoma S Ecu.

Lehm. & Kraenzl laevis

M. gorgo Rchb.f. = Dracula astuta (Rchb.f.) Luer

M =. D.~.kLk& ee. Re 7 4

-f.) Luer

M. gracilior Kéniger & J.Portilla = M. lenae

M. , Ecu.

M. grandiflora C.Schweinf. = M.

M. horrida Teuscher & Garay = —

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

M. icterina Koniger, Peru

M. idae Luer & Arias, Peru

M. ignea Rchb.f., Col.

multiple varieties

M. im uer & Escobar, Col., Ecu., Ven.

M. inaequalis bh f. = Dracula inaequalis

(Rehb.f.) Lue:

M. indecora ce & Escobar, Col.

M. inflata Rchb.f. = M. corniculata

M. infracta Lindl. a infracta

Dade \¥

M. infracta subsp.

ner

subsp. obscurans Luer = M. obscurans

gy oscitans Luer = M.

ar. aristata Barb.Rodr. = M. infracta

var. purpurea Rchb.f. =

.f. as tricolor (

iricolor dincommea lee vse

nzl.) Garay

M. janetiae Luer = Dracula janetiae (Luer) Luer

M. jarae Luer, Peru

M. jimenezii Koniger = M. empusa

. johannis Schitr. = Didsade vasl exehape (Rolfe) Luer

M. josei

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

M. leucantha Lehm. & Kraenzl

M. leucophaea Luer & Vasquez = =M. boliviensis

" Cogn.) |B

subsp. maxilimax (Luer) Luer = =M.

M. lindeniana A. ae se = M. floribunda

M. lindenii André = M

M. linearifolia Ames = "Dryadella linearifolia

Ames)

M. lineolata Kéniger, Peru

M. lintricula Kéniger, Ecu.,

M. livingstoneana Rchb.f., tay es, Col.

M. lotax Luer = Dracula lotax (Luer) Luer

M. lowii Rolfe = Dracula platycrater (Rchb.f.) Luer

M. lychniphora Koéniger, Peru

(Rehb.f.) Luer_ ‘5

tale £ < }

dactylum (Rchb.f.) Rolfe

M. Luer & Escobar, Col.

- maduroi Luer, Pan.

manchinazae Luer & Andreetta,

M. maxilimax (Luer) Luer,

M. maxillariiformis Lehm. & ‘e Kraenzl. = M. strumi-

fera

M. mayaycu Luer & Hirtz, Ecu.

M. medellinensis Kraenzl. = Dracula radiosa

(Rchb.f.) Luer

1279

M. medinae Luer & J.Portilla, Ecu.

M. medusa Luer & Escobar, Col.

M. megaloglossa Luer & Escobar = M. vargasii

M - JI:. Dahkk £ Te A B, —

mentosa Luer, Ecu.

ted ae & heen See:

M. metallica Lehm, & Kraenzl. = M. caesia

M. nicaraguae Luer,

M. nidifica Rehb-f. CR. Pan. Col, Eow.

'& R_Escobar) Luer & REscobar, Col.

M. nivalis Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. nome n nudum

= M. hians

pope eno Ven., Col., Brazil

=M.

a gar goo al

1g Palmensis Kraenzl. = M. fasciata

Panamensis (Schitr.) Ames = = M. livingstoneana

Schweinf

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

M. patchicutzae Luer & Hirtz, Ecu.

M. patriciana Luer, Ecu.

M. patula Luer & oad Ecu.

M. paulensis Barb. Rodr. = Dryadella aviceps

a -f) Luer

re eristeria R chb.f.

subsp. fe ihaidinaticés (Rchb.f.) Luer = peristeria

M. pernix Koniger, Peru

M. perpusilla gga = Dryadella perpusilla

(Kraenzl.) Lu

M. persicina L ver, Ec

M. peruviana Rolfe = = M. bicolor

M. & Escobar, Col.

M. petiolaris Schitr. = M. laevis

phacopsis Luer & Dalstrém, Bol.

M. petra Rob CR. Pan., Col., Ven., Ecu.,

fe rhe Cogn. = M. picturata

subsp. minor (Cogn.) Luer = M. Ppicturata

M. pileata Luer & Pari Col

M. pinocchio Luer & Andreetta, se

= pinhedinels Lia Luer & Escobar, C

(Poepp. & Endl.) aig Peru, Ecu.

ie arp Rchb.f. = Dracula platycrater

(Rchb

M. pres aaee Rchb.f., Col., Ecu.

M oh L: Di 4h. Wee.

Var. crassic; Rchb.f. = M.

subsp. spathulifolia (Kraenzl.) Luer = M. polysticta

M. popayanensis &

(Rchb.f.) Luer

popowiana Koniger & J.G.Weinm., Peru

M. porcelliceps Rchb.f. = M. macroglossa

Var. sulphurea =

M. porphyrea Luer, Ecu.

M. portillae Luer &

M. posadae Luer & Escobar, Col., Peru

M. pozoi Koniger, Ecu,

M. princeps Luer, Peru

M. prodigiosa Koniger, Peru

ty, Prolixa Luer, Peru

M. pseudominuta Sweet = M. kyphonantha

M. psittacina Rchb f. = Dracula psittacina (Rchb.f)

& Escobar

M. psyche Luer = Dracula psyche (Luer) Luer

M. pteroglossa Schitr., Col.

M. pterygiophora Luer & Escobar, Col.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1281

M. pulcherrima Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. M. rufescens Kéniger, Ecu., Peru

M. pulex hort. ex reo (sphalm.) = Pleurothallis M. rufolutea Lindl. = M. picea

blepharis : ;

M. pulvinaris Rchb f. Se hustion aaa M. sanchezii Luer & Andreetta, Ecu.

(Rchb.f.) Rolfe M. sanctae-fidei Kraenzl., Ven., Col.

apes "oepp. & Endl., Col., Ecu., Peru,Bol M. sanctae-inesiae Luer & Malo, Ecu.

“(Rchb. f.) “a M. sanguinea Luer & Andreetta, Ecu.

M. purpurella Luer & Escobar subsp. purpurella, M. santiagodrum K6niger = M. aurea

Col. M. sarcophylla Kraenzl. = M. campyloglossa

subsp. nivea Luer & Escobar = M. purpurella M. saulii Kéniger = M. fuchsii

i purpurina na Schltr. = M. amabilis M. scabrilinguis Luer, Pan., C.R.

Nh n. (Dalfel\ly M. Luer, Ecu.

“ ete Rchb.f. = Dryadella poeels (Rchb: "f ) Luer re scandens Rolfe, Bol.

M. pygmaea Kraenzl., C.R., Col M. scapha Braas = M.

M. pyknosepala Luer & Cloes, iat M. sceptrum Rehb.f., Col., Ven.

M. pyxis Luer, Peru M. schildhaueri Koniger = M. ensata

M. quasimodo Luer & Teague, Bol. M. schizantha Kraenzl., Col. nn

M. quilichaoénsis Lehm. & Kraenzl. = Dracula M. schizopetala Kraenzl., C.R. Pan., Col.,

r (Rchb-f.) Luer M. schizostigma Luer, Peru

. racemosa Lindl., Col. M. schlimii Linden ex Lindl.

M. radiosa Rchb cn “Dracula radiosa (Rchb.f) Luer _var. polyantha (Lindl.) Woolw. = M. schlisnil

. rafaeliana L er, C. R., var. sceptrum (Rehb.f.) Woolw. = M. sceptrum

M. rana-aurea un = i M. schmidt-mummil Luer oo ?

M. rauhii Senghas & Braas = M. mezae Ee melons

M. receptri Vv ol. schoonenii Luer,

M. ties a ‘ M. schroederae Boos (sphalm.)= M. seprosderians

M. M. Sander ex Veitch,

a“ ade aas Luer — Dalstrom, Peru va. fulvescen ie) K |. = M. fulvescens

M. reflexa Schltr. = M. cupularis | Luer, gah

M. regina Luer, Peru M. scitula — a

M. reichenbachiana Endres ex Rchb.f., CR. M. scobina Luer & Esso a

var. aurantiaca Rchb-f. = M. reichenbachiana M. scopaea -. hp ' —

var. apr (Endres ex Kraenzl.) Kraenzl. M. segrex Luer Col.

FT cae sy asckaegs = M. amanda M. selenites KOniger,

M. renzii Luer, Col. M. scsnineres Leer & pices

saint od cain giae M. peers = M. chimaera (Rehb.f.) Luer

replicata nab atl Peru M. senilis Luer & Teague, Bol.

i restrepioidea Kraenzl. = M. fasciata M. ser et & Escobar, Col., Ecu.

olan Koniger, Ec Me eereata Luer & Andreetta, Ecv.

M. rex Luer & Hirtz, Ecu. M, sertuls carb. Rodr. = Dryadella aviceps

M. rhinophora Luer & Escobar, Col. M. ss =

M. rhodehameliana Luer, Peru Cava Luer & Malo, Ec. Peru

M. rhopalura Schltr. = molossoides Te eal, Bal

M. richardsoniana Luer, Peru M. setipes nb, = Dracula severa (Rchb.f) Ler

mesg gta M. vargasii piper Koni 2 MAS

ricii Luer & Vasquez, Bol a eae =

M. rigens Luer, . sentonete Raat = M. caudata

M. rimarima-alba aye va Koniger = M. posadae

Luer

~ riograndensis hort. = ei sp. . Luer

robusta Luer, Ecu. ; eimula Rehb-f. = Dryadella simula

M. rodolfoi (Braas) Luer subsp. rodolfoi, Peru = simulatrix

subsp. ortalis (Luer) Luer = M. ortalis

. roe: :

M. roezlii Rchb.f. = See ooein roealii (Rohb-f) LUet wig ; Schitr. = Dracula soe

M. rolandorum

Bol.

Luer & Sijm, Peru soennemarkii Luer & Dalstrim.

-vipceucarpde garenqeeatl M. solomon Lucr & Vésave7 50

subsp. Tas & Andreett) Luer, Col, pz. sre = psi

ee MS XM. Doris i ee €) Let

- rothschildiana —

ME corazonica

Jost

tnueans.

M. ii — ry nadia

M. ta’

terborchii

M. theleiira Luer, Ecu.

M. thienii Dodson, C.R., Pan., Col., Ecu.

—— Vasquez, Bol.

, Peru

M. Schitr. = Dracula

M. tricolor Rchb.f. 1849, Col. = = M. caudata

M. tricolor Rchb.f. 1882 (sphalm.) = Dracula

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

M. tricolor hort. = M. coccinea

M. tricycla Luer,

M. tridactylites Rchb.f. = Trisetella triglochin

(Rchb.f.

M. sanesahey Se ‘Trisetella triglochin

(Rchb.f.) Luer

, Col., Ecu.

Kraenzl.

M. trinema Rchb.f. = Dracula velutina (Rchb.f.)

M. triseta Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl.

glochin (Rchb.f.) Luer

M. trivenia epic = M. paq

M. trochilus Lind. & André, Col., Ecu., Peru

= Dracula benedictii

= Trisetella tri-

M. truncata I uer, Ecu

M. tsubotae Lu py

M. tubata Schitr., Bo

M. promt e Rchb.f. EE e

ese ‘abelitisire Ames, Guat., Belize, Hond., Nic., C.R.

, Peru

M. tubulosa Lindl., Ven, Col., Ecu.

subsp. syringodes (Luer & ‘Andreetta) Luer =

M. tu

urosalpinx

M. urostachya Rchb.f. = M. sceptrum

M. ustulata Luer, pine Ecu., Peru

Prat cr sare piss Escober, Col.

vampira Luer = (Luer) Luer

a. poate C.Schweinf., Col., Ecu., Peru, Bol., Brazil

Luer, Cie

M. velichiona Rchb.

var. biflora Rchb. ri M. veitchiana

var. grandiflora B.S.Williams = M. veitchiana

velella Luer.

M. F

M. Rchb.f., Col.

M. velox Koniger = M. dalessandroi

M. i = Dracula velutina (Rchb.f.)

M. venatoria Luer & agees Ecu.

M. venezuelana Sweet,

M. venosa Bales seeks vines Gils) Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1283

M. verecunda Luer, M. wuerstlei Luer, Col.

M. verrucosa Rchb. es " Gcuplcoaaton verrucosum M. wurdackii C.Schweinf., Peru

(Rchb.f.) Pfitz M. xanthina Rchb-f., bps Ecu.

M. versicolor hort. = M. coccinea var. pallida Woolw. = M. xanthina

M. vespertilio Rchb.f. = Dracula vespertilio subsp. Habochlonses (Rchb.f.) Luer = M,

(Rchb.f.) Luer

M. vexillifera Luer, Peru subsp. pallida (Woolw.) Luer = M. xanthina

M. vidua Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. subsp. mandarina Luer & Escobar = M.

M. vieirana Luer & Escobar, Col

M. villegasii Kéniger, Col.

M. virens Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. M. xanthura Schitr. = M. bicolor

encae Luer & Ecu. & Kraenzl. = M. pteroglossa

M. vittata Luer = Trisetella vittata (Luer) Luer M. ximenae Luer & Hirtz, Ecu.

M. vittatula Luer & Escobar, Col., Ecu M. xipheres Rchb.f BH

M. vomeris Luer, Peru (Rehb.f.) Schltr.

M. vulcanica Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. anachaeta M. xiphium nny ex Kraenzl. = M. ensata

. wageneriana Linden ex Lindl., Ven M. Rehb. =

var. colombiana Braas = it meee sees DRE aT ee

Var. ec rensis Braas = M. persicina os

var. pteroglossa (Schitr.) Braas = M. pteroglossa seonjaiaies tablonls

var. rodolfoi Braas = M. rodolfoi veer eciecdon (Laer & Visque) Lae = M.

M. wallisii Rchb.f. = Dracula wallisii (Rchb.f.) Luer

M. walteri Luer, C.R. M. — Kraenzl., C.R., Pan., Col.,

weberbaueri sais Peru, Ecu. ZS a Ecu.

M. wendlandiana Rchb.f., Brazil, Col., Bol., Peru, zapatae heen Col.

Ecu., Col ,

M. whiteana Luer, Ecu., Peru M. zebrina Porsch = Dryadella zebrina (Porsch)

i (Rchb. ¥) Luer Luer d Bol.

M. woolwardiae Lehm. & Kraenzl. = = Dracula M. en * uae,

woolwardiae sages & Kraenzl.) Luer M. zumbae apeng em

M. Xwubbenii Luer, V M. zumbuehlerae ;.

- wue ifinghoffiana Luer & J.Portlla, Ecu. M. zygia Luer & Malo, Ecu.

1284 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SPECIES OF OTHER GENERA DESCRIBED IN MASDEVALLIA

Masdevallia albicans Luer = Dryadella Masdevallia kautskyi Pabst = Dryadella

Masdevallia allenii L.O. Williams = = Trisetella Masdevallia lactea Kraenzl. = Dracula

Masdevallia lilliputiana Cogn. = Dryadella

Masdevellia anaristella Kraenzl. =Barbosella Masdevallia linearifolia Ames = Dryadella

Masdevell ro Luer co : pees Keacual:~ Berbenella

~ Masdevallia lo, = Dracula

- at Greer een ex Kraeazl. = Zootrophion Masdevallia lowii Rolfe = Dracula

‘asdevallia astuta Rchb Masdevallia macrochila R el = Dracula

Masdevallia aviceps (Rchb. Re Rebbs.= ko. ae

M ia backhousiana = Dracula Masdevallia medellinensis Kraenzl. eee

Masdevallia benedictii Rebbe = - Dracula Masdevallia meinacylliom Rchb.f. = Dryadella

Masdevallia bradei Schitr. ex : Hoehne = Dryadella sip a

lasdevallia mopsus Lehm. & Kraenzl. = Dracula

Mi geana Rolfe = Dracula Masdevallia mordax Rchb.f. = Porrogh

poets ia callifera Schitr. = Dracula asdevall, rae Lehm. & Kraenzl. = Dracula

Mi allia oo Rchb f. = Dracula Masdevallia muscosa Rchb.f. =

inka Masdevallia nycterina Rchb.f. = Dracula

asdevallia carinata = Dryadella Masdevallia obrieniana Rolfe = Dryadella

Masdevallia carpophora Kraenzl. = Pleurothallis icin I

—— chestertonii Rchb.f. = Dracula 1:

lia chimae Reht f£=D — yee Gan paranaénsis Schltr. = = Dryadella

hate 1 lasdevallia paulensis Barb.Rodr. = Dryadella

AAned.

Masdevallia sapien (Schitr.) P.H. Allen

Masdevallia perpusilla Kraenzl. = Dryadella

ex Hodge & Gui

Masdevallia platycrater Rchb. ran Dracula

po Rt crenata abt rao Masdevallia polyphemus Luer =

: ue Masdevallia popayanensis Lehm. & Kraenzl.

lasdevallia dayana Rchb.f. = Zootrophion ie

* — sige ‘gon coe acula Masdevallia psittacina Rchb.f. = Dracula

Masdevallia dolichopoda Luer = Dryadella Seerraite pryche Lax = D

Masdevallia echidna Rchb£. = Po Masdevallia pulex hort. ex. Rehb.f. = = Pleurothallis

Pree itios —— Ni : Ts Porroglossum Masdevallia | punctata Rolfe = ee

Masdevallia elata Luer = Dryadella Masdevallia pusilla Rolfe =

M wae

Masdevallia felix Luer = Dracula ne quilichaoénsis Lehm. & Kraenzl.

Masdevallia radiosa Rchb.f. = Dracula

= Zootrophi Masdevallia roezlii Rchb.f. = Dracula

Masdevallia fuliginosa os Masdevallia senilis Rchb.f. =

M ia gaskelliana Rchb.f. = Dracula Masdevallia sessilis Barb.Rodr. = Dryadella

a sigas Luer & Andreetta = Dracula pea 09 shies star 2

Masdevallia gorgo Sn even Masdevallia simula Rchb.f. = Dryadella

asdevall See oy la Masdevall < Diyeaen

praia riage ripe iPisaeren Masdevallia sodiroi Schitr. = Dracula

Mesievaile guatemalensis Schitr. = Dryadella Masdevallia spectrum Rehb.f.=Dracula

asdevallia hornii Koniger = Pleurothallis Drya

— houtteana Rchb.f. = Dracula Masdevaltia susanae Pabst = ‘Dryadella

‘asdevallia huebneri Schitr. = Trisetella ig Ls

j Rchb.f. = Zootrophi Masdevallia tarantula Luer = Dracula

Masdevallia inaequalis Rchb{. = Dracula Masdevallia alana Rchb. o4 Trisetella

Masdevallia jalapensis Kraenzi.=Pleurothallis _#8devailia tric

Masdevallia johannis Schitr. = Dracula Masdevallia psanleet Luer = Dracula

Masdevallia kalbreyerianus taut Masdevallia trichaete Rchb.f. = Trisetella

= Ornithocephalus ‘asdevallia

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1285

Masdevallia tricolor Rchb.f. = Dracula

Masdevallia tridactylites Rchb.f. = Trisetella

Masdevallia tubeana Rchb.f. =

hb.f. =

Masdevallia vampira Luer = Dracula

Masdevallia velutina Rchb.f. = Dracula

Masdevallia venosa Rolfe = =

bh £ ¢ i. —

Masdevallia vespertilio Rchb.f. = Dracula 3‘

Masdevallia wallisii Rchb.f. = Dracula

Mane woolwardiae Lehm. ex Kraezl.

asdevallia xipheres Rchb.f. = Porroglessum

pre zebrina

rina Porsch = Dryadella

1286

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

CUMULATIVE INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

for all five parts

sma plantago

arent 1127

Citrus oneoig- ta

Masdevallia 1, 2, 6, 7, 265, 357, 365, 401, 431, 483,

ie 823, 979, 980, 1009, 1099, 1

en. Amanda 3, 7,9, 10, 431, 1113, 1114, 1125,

SI, 1173, 1183

subgen. 1,3, 7, 9, 10, 1185, 1186

. Fissia 1,3, 7,9, 10, 1113, 1199, 1200

subgen. Masdevallia ie eee

266, 369, 431, 781, 1049, 1097, 1 1211

subgen. Meleagris 3,7, 8, Hise ‘a. 1212,

1213, 1223, 1225, 1231

sealed eral 1, 7,9, 10, 1241,

sect. Ophioglossae 1241

sect. Polyanthae 7,9, 10, 11, 12, 73, 223, 224, 227a,

8, 10, 431, 432, 434

ct. 7, 8, 10, 265, 266, 1097

sect. Reichenbachianae 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 227a, 265, 266,

401, 409, seg 419, 419a, 633

a Saltatri wee

1113

Sieneionk 3 781

soe oat tg 1 : 10, 265, 266, 759, 1099

sect. Tubulosae

sect. Urceolares oe 1

sect. Zahlbruckneri 432, 434

subsect. Alaticaules 7, 12, 13, " 127, 223, 791,

917

7, 519, 520, 665, 709,

“781, 782, 784, a sa 823, hee 839, 847,

855, 865, 873, 879, aii 903, 917, 975

subsect. Coaetaneae 1, 7, 12, os

subsect. Coccineae 7, 265, 519, 1049, 1051, 1052,

1067

subsect. Cucullatae 1185

13, 223

en. i 2 ey il, pot 127, 227a, 235, —. Masdevallia 7, 8, 519, 520, 523, 583, 595,

245, 369, os sis

gen. Pygmaeia 1,3 710,431,433, 473

subgen. Scabripes I; 1, 8, 10, 1263

subgen. Teagueia 1265

subgen. Triotosiphon es

subgen. Volvula 1,7, 9, 7

sect. Alaticaules Seis 10, 11, 12, 13, 29a,

105a, 113a, 155a, 165a, 207a, 245, 249

sect. Amaluzae 7,9, 10, 237, 431, 432, 434, 491

sect. Amandae 1113

Re ee 7, 8, 10, 431, 432, 434, 435, 595

sect. Clausae-porrectae 520, 1241

sect. Coccineae ee

sect. Coriaceae 3, 4, 7,8, 10, 73, 227a, 235

5, 265,

266, 267, 315, 363, og 401, 413a, 519, 583, 619,

, 265, 369, 401

Sect. Durae 1, 4, 7, 9, 10, 265, 266, 369, 379, 395,

399, 401

allia 6,7, He 265, 266, 519, 631,

731, 823, 1049, 1241

Sect.

7, 8, 9, 10, 265, 266, 401, 631, 719,

Sect. Nidificae 1241

619, 665, 709

subsect. Oscillantes 7, 147, 519, 781, 803, 823,

cl 917,918, 919, ee 933, 941, 943, 949, 953,

5,977, 1

7, ge 223, 224

st “ent eaves 1, 7, 10, 432

pe ih i bachianae 401

. Saltatrices 1,7, 409, 419, a

524, 979, 980, 1001, ote 1027, 1

subsect. Successiviflorae 1,7, 12, a

subsect. Tubulosae 520

subsect. Zahibrucknerae 1, 7, 10, 431

ia abbreviata 1114, 1116, 1117,Plates 571.,

572., 1125, 1127, 1149

acaroi rhe

acrochordonia 14, 195, 23a., Plate 391., 149a

adamsii 719, 721, "723,Plate 364.

adrianae 14, 18, 23, Plate /.

aenigma 14, 20, 25, Plates 2., 3., 85

lates 466., 467.

14, 101

alexandri 1213, 1214, 1215, Plate 620., 1239

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

alismifolia 605, this il 789, Plate 394.,

frontispiece of Ico

Xalvaroi 1113, 1114, Moe 1119,Plate 573.

amabilis 1049, 1050, 1051, 1053, Plates 540., 541.,

542., 543., 1055, 1059, 1073, 1085, 1089

var. lineata 1053, 1055

amaluzae 7, tay 433, 435, 437, Plate 216., 447,

469, 479, 491,

evel 1114, 1115, 1119, 1121, Plate 574.,

1123, 1124, 1125, 1147, 1183

ametroglossa ore

amoena 917,918, fe 923, Plate 468.

amplexa 14, 20, 29, Plate 5.

ampullacea 449, 980, 982, 985, Plate 501., 991, 995

anachaeta a 433, 436, 439, Plates 217., 218.,

467, 903, 1

anceps be or 1125, Plate 575.

andreettana 918, 920, 921, me Plate 462.

anemone teen 981, pl net

anfracta

angulata oats 267, 269, eles Plate 133., 283,

345, 349

angulifera 980, 982, 989, Plates 503., 504., 1033

a 1213, bons 1217, Plates 621., 622.

ano

Sarcondiiea” 459

antioquiensis 1242, 1

antonii 782, 786, 791, Plate 395.

anura 1242, 1

aops 782, 485, Plate 428.

aphanes 7, 431, 433, 435, | Plate 219., 493

apparitio 782, 784, 793, P.

arangoi 719, 721, 725, —

ariasii 917, 918, 919, 927, hase 935

aristata 14, 101

armini 782,787,795, Plates 397., 398., 797, 831

aspera

as)

14, 12

— 2; aly 524, 525, -— Plates 262., 263.

782, 785, 799, Plate 399., 911

Gee 267, 271, 275, Fo “134, 135.

oneareage 267, 333

579, 585, 719, ae 727, Plates 366.,

ae 368., 737, 751, 763, 765

433, 434, 445, cad 220.

aurantiaca 14, 101

aurea 980, 981, 985, 991, Plate 505., 1007

bangii 3,7, 1099, 1100, Plate 565.,

1049, 1051, 1055, 1059, Plate 544., it

33a, Plate 5.

racial 1212, 1 1213, 1219

belua 267, 271, 277, Plate 136., 283

bicolor 16, 20, 22, 25, 31, 35, P 9.

10., 11., By ~ §9, 61, 79, fe 115, 181, ng

243, 245, 249

bicornis 3, 7, 1263, Plate 638.

bicruris 1231

biflora 14, 35, 1114, 1129

bilabiata 267, 353

, 801, Plate 400.

si 782, 801, Plate 401.

bon 267, 268, 270, 279, Plates 137, 138.

281, 295, 301, 355

borucana 224, 239

bottae 782, Sn ae 827, 861, 879, 913

7, 270, 277, 283, Plate 139.

braasii 4

brachyantha 227a, Plate 257., 657

races 14, 21, 41, Plate 12.

brenneri 14, " 19, 43, Plate 13.

eS ee

Heri 267,

939, 1264 bone rr pipe pt

4, 18, 22, 47, Pate. 169, 219

1 106, Pa 64

en ee

waonsnrer ni oe 14, 1116, 1127, Plates 576, $77.

rsa es

calocalix 533, Plate

caloptera na, 1141

calopterocarpa 1114, 1121

bs 981, 993, Plate 506., 1005

calura 401, a hal 415, 421

calyptrata 1189

ie 3, 267, 268, 269, 289, Plates 142.,

yogis 291,357

143, 144., 14 iT, 289

49, Plate 16., 91

Plate 538.

115, 1124, 1129, Plate 578.,

subsp.

candida 14, ge

capillaris 433,

a Plate 17., 109

cardiantha 14, 18.51 poopie

carolloi 14, 181

26, 533, Plate 265.

14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 51, $3, Plates 18.

pi 20., 135 19

Plase $72 953, 957

520, 69

63,

1187, Plate 609.

113, 1114, 1116, 1131, Plate gine

§21, 5 —.

1288 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

chlorotica 520, 601 deceptrix 14, 19, 69, Plates 29., 30., 187

chontalensis 719,721, 731, Plates 369., 370.,733, | decumana 782, 787, 819, Plate 412., 855, 859

745 deformis 1049, 1051, ee Plate 549, 1071

chrysochaete 520, 675 subsp. exaltata 1051,

chrysoneura au ps dethierroi 1186, 1193. ha e 612.. 1197

41 delphina 1114, 1116, 1127, 1137, Plate 583.

chuspipatae pry 982, 995, Plate — oe or

i 57, peter io 159 ar. ua

citrinella 317, es 918, 920, 933, Plate 474, ede ere fee Plate 274.

civilis 267, 270, 295, Plate 146.,295, 325, 351 denisonii

civilis ‘Don’ 313 densiflora 1113, 1114, 1116, 1123, 1124, 1153

revi 520, 523, 528, 537, Plate 267. deorsa 287

leistogama 520, 523, 539, Plate 268. deorsum 267, 287

cloesi eta 811, Plate 406.,911 dermatantha 267, 289, 353

cocapatae = 59, prepa descendens 14, 17, 71, Plate 31., 111

7, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, diantha 719,731

1055, 1061, Plates 545, 546, 547., 1065, 1067, dimorphotricha 1114, 1115, eg Plate 584.

, 1079 discoidea Cover Pt. 1, 224, 225, 233, Plate 118.

var. lindenii 1061 di — Pee Sins 821, Plates 413., 414.,913

(for multiple varieties, see 1049-1050, 1061, 1063) dis 165

oe 1050, 1075 pete ery 231

colibri 14, 195 ijote 14, 19, 73, Plate 32.

cee "433, 435, 455, Plate 225., 461 dorisiae 14, 1, Nig Plate 33.

collina 7 , 370, 371, Plate 187., 375 “daguensis”

i Be fd) draconis 14, i a hp en A

colossus 267, 270, 271, 277, 283, 297, Plates 147., dreisei_ 521, 525, 553, P!

148., 307, 313, 903 dryada 369, 370, 373, Poe eg 377

concinna 14, 22, 61, Plates 23., 24. dudleyi 521, 528, 555, Plate 276.

condorensis 520, 525, 541, Plate 269. dunstervillei 14,22, 79, Plate 35.

520, 601 dura 7,379, 380, 383, Plate 192., 395

constricta 449, re 982, 993, 997, Plates 508., 509., — 1113, Ss il Plate 635.

999, 1005, 1 ebumea 409a, Plat

copiosa = ecaudata 719, m1

corazonica 1113, 1114, 1116, 1133, Plates 580., 581. echinata 1049, 1083,

cordeliana 782, 785, 813, Plate 407. echo 14, 18, > Plate 36.

corderoana 521, 527, tot aba 270., 553, 679, 717 eclyptrata 1

coriacea 7, 267, 268, 270, 281, 295, 299, Plates 1. 149., ejirana 918, — 939, —

150., 301, 603, elachys 521, 525, 557, P

subsp. bonplandii 267,279 elegans 521, 527, 559, popes

78., e7e.

corniculata 1186, 1187, 1189, Plate 610., 1193, 1197 elephanticeps 4 267, 271, 303, Plate 151., 311, 313,

var. inflata 1186, 1189

27, 343, 367, 627, 1195

cosmia 224, 225, 227, Plate 114., 247 ysepala 303, 333, 343

costaricensis 401,415 ellipes 267, 347, 349

cranion 521, 524, $45, Plate 271., 551, 577, 629 empusa 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 83, Plate 37., 141, 1263

crassicaudis 520, 521,524, 525, 547, P Plate 272. 204., 419

401, 402, 409,

crassicaulis 547 encephala 89a, 521, 525, 561, Plate 280.

crescenticola 719,721, bite aot endotrachys 267,279

cretata 918, 920, 935, Plar, ensata <1, $7): 527, 563, Plate 281., 603, 705

cryptocopis 1200, 1203 401, 409

cucullata 7, 1185, 1186, 1191, Plate 61]. ephelota 782, * $23, Plate 415.

peony 782, jum 14,1 oe

ephippi

cuprea 14, 15, 17, 18, 27, 63, Plates 25., 26., 27. 28., ie cade | 195

131, 1 191, ore erinacea 431, 433, fas 457, Plates 226., 227., 459,

. hepatica 14, 63

cupularis 224, 225, 229, Plate 115., 331, 425

estradae 782, 7: bee 821, 825, Plate 416., 851

curtipes 224, 225, — IZ, 233 var. delicata 7 pe

1242, 125 var. peer os 851

cyclotega 667, 699, 7E2. 786, 815, Plates 408.,409. _ var. xanthina 782,911

te 782, 787, 803, . 7, Plates 410., 411.,913 eucharis 782,785, 803, $27, Plate 417.

cyphosolenium” eumeces 224, 225, 235, Plate 119.

por pe 917, pa 919, 937, Plates eumeliae 699, 782, 786, 829, Plate 418.

7 eurynogaster 1001, Plate 510.

ae 1114, as 1135, Plate 582. exaltata 1049, gripe :

datura 521, 524, 549, Plate 273., 615 excelsior 14, 21, 85, mee

— 1049, 1051, 1065, bi Plate 548., 1079, exigua 433, 487

1091, 1095

expansa 782,787,795, 797, 831, Plate 419.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1289

expers 433, 435, 455, 461, Plate 228.

, Plate

falcago 521, 522, 524, 567, Plat e 283., 1199

fasci:

jata 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, “1219 Plate 623.,

122

fertilis 267, 289

roae 521, mp 569, Plates 284., 285., 286.

655

filamentosa 521

filaria 980, om "1003, Plate 511., 1021, 1031, 1039

flaveola 719, 72, 737, Plate 372.

floribunda 645,719, 720, 722, 739,

Plates 373., 374., 375., 376., 741, 761

foeda 224, 227, 247

foetens a 270, 285, 305, Plate 152.

fi 7

sion 14, 101, 103

918, 919, 941, Plate 479.

fosterae 14, 21, 87, Plate 39.

fractiflexa 268, 270, 271, 283, 297, 307,

Plates 153, 154., 337

fragrans 268, 271, 309, Plate 155., 325

nii 89a, oe 392.

frontinoénsis 719, 7

fuchsii 980, 981, oa. 1005, Plate 512

fulvescens 401, 402, 411, Plates 205., ‘206.

funebris 401, 421

galeottiana 719, 739, 740, 7

garciae 12, 15, 20, 89, Plat.

gargantua 268, 271, 311, oh fe ‘157,

313

geminiflora 719, ee Pg 745, Plate 377.

iflora” 733,

gerlachii 268, 323

gilbertoi 521, 525, 573, Plate 287.

glandulosa 521, 526, 575, Plate 288.

glomerosa 521, 524, 551, 577, Plate 289.

gloriae peer Seer 656.

glossacles 433, 473

goliath 379, pets 385, Plate 193.,

387, 389, 391, eH

jana 521,

gnoma 1099, eho pom Plate 566.

gracilior 1

graminea 1114, 1116, 1141, Plate 585.

grandiflora 521, 655

guayanensis "521, 523, 579, Plate 290., 727

Querrieroi 15, 18, 49, 91, Plate 41.

gustavi at 1a. 1121

gutierrezii 719, 722, 747, Plate 378.

guttulata 15, 17, 20, 93, Plates 42., 43.,

131

haematosticta 268, 325, 347, 349

hajekii_ 521, 535

782, 783, 785, 833, Plate 420.

see 1050, 1061, 1063)

a. 15, 17, 97, Plate 44.

henniae 433, 436, 463, Plate 229., 473

hepatica 15, 63

hercules 327, 1186, 1195, Plate 613.

herradurae 719, 720, 721, 749, Plate 379.

herzogii 15, 35

heteromorpha

heteroptera 1211, 1213, 1214, 1217, 1219, 1221,

late 624., 1229

hians 319, 521, 524, 587, Plate 294.

589, Plate 295., 835, 1223

hirtzii 980, 981, 1007, Plate 513.

hoeijeri Frontispiece Part-2, 433, 436,

465, Plate 230., 485

i 268, 341

horrida 433, 457

hortensis 1213, eg

hubeinii 784, 835, I,

huebschiana 1114, 1157, os

humilis 433, 509

hydrae 113, 1114, 1116, 2148, Plate 506.

782, 786, 837

sep) 1050, 1051, 182 17, Pl 8.

aaa 1049, 1050, 1051, 1065, 1075, Plates

$53., 1077

rminate 1

inflata 1189

a 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 81, 101,

7} 139, 163, 189, 224, 225, 231,

josei 917.

fete OR

Fae 917, 918, 919, 943. Plate 480.

juan-albertoi 521, 526, 997.

107,

kuhniorum 15, 17, 71. aa

kyphonantha 1099, out 3, 520, 521, 522, 591.

Oe a ae Tees 2

605, 697

1290 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

lankesteriana 401, 402, 413, Plate 20

lansbergii 1099, 1100, 1109, Plate 569., 1107

lappifera 319a, Plate 534.

lata 7, 165, 223, 224, 225, 239, Plate 121., 241

720, 722, 727, 737, 751, Plate 380.

rn ne 1114, 1116, x46, Plates 586., 587.

lenae 15,21, 109, Plates 51., 5

leonardoi 521, 525, 611, pa

leonii 782, 785, 849, Plate 429.

leontoglossa ae 7, 268, 269, 319, Plate 160., 325

lepida 521, 528, 601, 603

leptoura tlie 1115, 1147, Plate 589., 1155

leucantha 520, S21, 523, 613, Plate 308.

lewisii 521, oe 615, Plate 309.

Xligiae , 979, 980, 982, 1009, Plate 514., 1021

tilerina 521, 526, 617, Plate 310., 661

lilianae 268, 270, 321. Plate 16

limax 577, 980, 981, 1007, 1011. Plate 515., 1015

lindeniana 720, 739, 740,741

— 1050, 1061

iflora 1050, 1061

ess) mse 1050, 1061

lineolata 521, 527, 619, Plate 31].

lintricula 15, 17,71, 111, Plates 53 e

livingstoneana 720, 721, 753, Plate 381., 755

longicaudata 15, 101

— 1050

tot ‘1

lucernula me pon 621, Plate 3

gospel 782, 787, 813, 825, te Plate 430., 853,

— 782, 787, 853, ogg

luziae-mari ae 113a, Plate 3?

t . 786, es 43]. z

macrogenia 369, 370, 373, 375, Plate 189. re |

— 268, 269, 270, 323, Plates 162., 163.,

“macroglossa” 353

“macronema” 655

macropus 521, 527, 623, Plate 313., 633

mactura 268, 271, 327, Loos $n 1195

manchinazae 433, 434, 469, Plate 232., 4

mandarina 782, ron lesa 91

pace 521, 527, 625, Plate 3]

ee Plate 48 yy

Margaretae |

ea Pe Plate 208., 419a,

Martiniana 15, 18, 117, Plate 57

mMascarata 15, 20, 119, Plate 58.

mastodon 521, 527, 623, 627, Plate 315.

mataxa 433, 434, 471, P,

980, 981, 1011, 1015, Plate 517., 1017

lariiformis 521, 675

mayaycu 109, 224, 225, 243, Plate 123.

, 22, 121, Plate 59., 261

, 201

mejiana 401, 402, 417, Plate 209.

melanoglossa 521, 523, 631, Plate 3

1114, 1116, 1127, 1149, hoa se 1181

melanoxantha 7, 13, 14, 15, 18,77, 123, Plate 60.

177, 1149

meleagris Lindl. 7, 603, 1211, 1213, 1214, 1225,

Plate 625.

meleagris Lindl. sensu Rchb. f. 1200, 1203

melina 268, 321

menatoi 224, 225, 227, 245, Plates 124, 125., 247,

249

mendozae 980, 981, 1007, 1011, ae Scena

mentosa 433, 436, 473, Plates 234,

mezae 15,22, 125, Plate 61.

microptera Si 920, 947, Plate 482.

a 95

wiciiae | 1114, see Plate 591.

midas 521, 524, 633, P.

mijahuangae 78

milagroi 1213, 1214, 1227, Plate 627.

militaris 295, 1050, 1061, 1065 5, 1077

minuta 7, 631, 687, 719, — 721, 723, 735, 747,

757, Plates 382., 383., , 773, 1107

misasii 268, 269, 331, Poe 166, 167.

molossoides 1242, 1247, 1249, Plate 6.

molossus 979, 1241, 1242, 1249, 1251, Plate 639.

monogona 15, 20, 127, P

mooreana 267, 268, 269, 333, Plates 168., 169., 335,

343

morenoi 433, 4

morochoi 980, aa pe 1019, Plate 519.

obambae 15,2

moy

murex 268, laa fe Plate 170.

muriculata on si

mutica ag 1201, Plate 615., 1209

mystics 980, 982, 1021, Plate 520.

i 720, 72. Plate 384.

nidifica 7, 1241, ent 1243, 1247, 1253, Plates 640.,

641., 1255, 1261

niesseniae 1050, 1051, 1079, Plate 554.

Plate 483.

e 320.

783, 784, 861, Plate 436., 877, 879, 913

norae 15, 18 93 _— Plate 64.

normanii 40

norops 522,524 an Plate 321., 903

980, 982, 1023, Plates 521., 522.

nutans 433, 439

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1291

15, 21, 133, Plate 65.

ocanensis 1200, 1203

ochracea 268, 299

522, 527, 641, Plate 322., 901

odontochila 224, 229, 425

odontopetala 15, 22, 135, Plate 66.

oligantha 1114, 1121

olivacea 980, 989

olmosii 1280

omorenoi 15, 20, 137, Plate 67.

ophioglossa 1241, 1242, 1257, Plates 642., 643.

subsp. grossa 1242, ge

oreas 224, 225, 249, P.

ortalis 918,920, 935, os, aL Plate 951., 965

as gets 289,

268, 270, 339, mo 171.

pachysepala 268, 2 . 343, Plate I

173., 1195

pachyura 1114, 1115, 1147, 1155, Plate yee 1245

subsp, leptoura 1114, 1147

bambae

pais 783, 845

paivaéana 2, ey Bi 523, 525, 645, Plate 325.

ida

Why pe

pandurilabia 251, 783, 784, 863, Plate 437.

panguiénsis iy Py 387, 389, Plate 195.

pantherina 5

pantomima ere ae 1229, Plate 628.

Xparlatoreana 1

parvula 633, a 1213, 1214, 1215, 1227, 1229,

1231, Plates 629., 630., 1232, 1239

pastensis 522, 697

pastinata 15, 20, 141, Plate 69.

patchicutzae 15, 20, 143, Plate 70.

patriciana 522, 525, 647, Plate 326., 817

eral 433, 434, 451, 471, 481, Plate 239.

pelecani 6

ares a 261, 268, 271, 325, 347, Plates 175.,

6., 34

Sl icta 268, 347

pernix 783, 786, 867, Plate 439.

persicina 918, 919, 921, 929, 953, Plate 485., 1264

peruviana 15, 35, 183

pescadoénsis en: 721, 763, Plate 385.

petiolaris 522, 601, 605

—_ 522, res 649, Plate 327.

hasmatodes 918, 919, 955, Plate 486.

i 328.

picturata 7, 1113, 1119, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1203,

Plates 616., 617., 618., 1209, 1211, 1212

var.minor 1200, 1

subsp. minor 1200, 1203, 1207

“pink uniflora”

pileata 783, 786, 871, Plate 441.

pinocchio Frontispiece Part-1, 15, 17, 147, Plate 72.,

917, 1009

1213, 1214, 1227, 1235, Plate 631., 1239

plantaginea 433, 3, 435, 483, Plate 240.

paler 267, pen ge 353, Plate 178.

200, 1201, 1209, Plate 619.

wenty

651.

polita 401, aul Plate 210.

, 920, 929, 957, Plates 487., 488.

po! , 187, 873, Plate

polysticta 1113, ‘1114, 1116, 1145, i, Plates 594.,

595., 1163, 1165, 11

var, crassicaudata 1

var. sulphurea

porphyrea UB, 1114, 1115, 1161, Plate 596.

, 149,

ge 75.

posadae 16,22, 151, Plates 74,

pozoi ie ik 1163, Plate 597.

391, Plate

pteroglossa 9 8, 920, 945 945, 959, Plate 489., 973

pterygiophora, 2 432, 433, 436, 485, Plate 241., 489

“pusillissima 487

pulcherrima 1113, 1114, wr 1159, 1165, Plate 598.

Pa 3,107.8 ei 7, 655, Plate 330., 661

fo eae ied. 913

nivea ee pr

"a 1050, ag 1053, 1055 on

pygmaea 7, 431, 433, 436, 465, 487, Plate

knosepala poy’ 489, Plate 243.

225, 251, Plate

pyxis 224,

657, Plate 331.

quasimodo 522, 526, 7097, Plate 564., 1098

aurea 522,643

rafaeliana 1113, 1114, 1115, 1167, Plate 599.

rauhii 15, 125 a

ep TL Pte 7418 171

recurvata 16,21, 159, Plate 78.

reflexa Schltr. 224, -

Bigg 393, Plate

—_ oii 7, 401, Bess ait, Pie 211.

= wii, 1121

ena 783, 784, 897, Plate 445.

repanda ies 7,7 BH, Pl $6.

et ore

3 $00 8 78 383, Plate 7.

" 918,920, 961, Plate 490.

742, 1249

rhopalura 1242, 0°" 6. 21, 163, Plate 80., 224, 225

1292

ricii 583, 980, 981, 995, 1029, Plate 526.

268

robusta 379, 380, 395,

rodolfoi 918, 920, 951, 963, Plate 491,

subsp. ortalis Pay 951

rolandorum ae vs

rolfeana ee 402. 409, pi 421, 425,

Plate 2]

rosea pale 1050, 1051, 1055, 1081, Plate 555., 1083

. echinata 1049, 1050, pape a Plate 556.

roseola 522, 526, 617, 661, Plate 3

827, 885, Plate 449,

, 295, 351

Saltatrix 7 7,979, 980, 982, 1031, Plate 527., 1039,

1241

sanchezii 433, 434, 469, 491, Plate 244 499

sanctae-fidei 14, 16, 21, 79, 119, age 165, Plates 81.,

82., 239

Sanctae-inesiae 783, 786, 887, Plate 450., 913

Sanctae-rosae 268, 269, 357, 181.

sanguinea 16, 17, 19, 97, 167, Plate 83.

santiagodrum

guis 720, 722, 727, 765, Plate 386.

scalpellifera 433, 436, 493, Plate 24

oY 522, 523, 635, 663, Plate 334.

scapha ny

ee 16, 22, 69, 121, 159a, 169,

Pease 171, 219, 253

Idhaueri 522, 563

schi

schizantha eg 784, 871, 889, Plate 451., 893, 901

schizopetala 433, 435, 495, Plates 246., 247., 4

gpronay 7, ll, 169, 171, 223, 224, 253, Plate 128.,

var. polyantha 224, 253

var, sceptrum

-mummii 783, 784 784, 891, Plate 452.

Schoonenii 522, 528, 665, Plate 335.

greg be Plate 214.

oak 16, 21, 179, Plate 89.

semae 14, 16, 21, 22, 181, Plates 90., 91.

Sertula 1114, 1116, 1171, Plate 601.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

er 980, 982, 1033, Plate 528.

505a, Plate

RR 522, 526, 669, Plat e 337.

solomonii 522, 527, 671, Plate 338., 683

sororcula 2: 3

spathulifolia 1114, 1157, 1159

sphenopetala 1114, 1131

spilantha 268, 270, "361, Plate 183.

Xsplendida 1050, 1055, 1085, Plates 557., 558..

sprucei 12, 16, 21, 163, 183, Plate 92., 224, 225

Staaliana 1113, 1114, 1115, 1139, 1173, Plate 602.

Stenantha 522, 69

as ai Le 20, 185, Plate 93.

, Plate 5.

Ha 12, 89, 224, 225, 255, Plates 129., 130.,

“251. 291, 413, 771

strobelii 643, 980, 981, 983, 1035, as 529.

Dees

strumifera 520, 521, 522, 523, 673, e75

Plates 340., 341., 677, sie 9a

Plate 65

stumpflei 1050, 1051, ce 1089, Plate 560.

subumbellata 16, 35,

suinii 522, 527, 679, Plate 342.

sulfurea

sulfurella 918, ay 969, Plate 495.

sumapazensis 269, 363, Plate 184.

superflua 224, 253

surinamensis

synthesis 16, . - Plate 95.

spay 691, 693

teaguei 1265.

tentaculata iis 1114, 1116, 1175, Plate 603.

tenuicaudata 1 1242, 1253

_ 720, 749

terborchii 522, 524, 681, Plates 343a., 343.

theleiira 16,17, 191, Plate 96.

thienii 224, 225, 241, 259, Plate 131.

tinekeae 522, 528, 683, Plate 344

titan 379, 380, 385, 387, 389, 397, Plate 199.

torta 6, 268, i 365, Plate 185.

torulosa 16,

tovarensis 14, 16, 22, 189, 193, Plate 97.

trautmanniana oem 685, Plate 345.

trechsliniana Pg

i 7, 709, 781, 783, 786, 821, 841, 895,

975

Plates 454., ey 456.,

tricallosa 783, 786, 899, Plate 457.

tricolor 783, 807

tricycla 918,919, 971, Plate 496.

tridens 1114, 1116, 1153, 1159, 1171, 1177,

Plate 604

tridentata 1

rifurcata 433, a, 505, Plate 251.

“trifurcata””

trigonopetala ‘SZ, 523, 687, Plate 346.

trionyx

trinemoides 1213, 1219,

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1293

triquetra 16, 101 Xwubbenii 918, 919, 971, 975, Plate 498.

trivenia 433, 479 wuelfinghoffiana 783, 787, 907, Plate 461.

trochilus 14, ype tee a 151, 149a, 155, 195, wuerstlei 224, 261, Plate 132.

Plates 98., 97, 791, 903 “white uniflora”

trioén 1099, or a rot wurdackii 783, 784, 837, 881, 909, Plate 462.

truncata 522, 525, 689, Plate 347. xanthina 783, 784, 785, 793, 799, 803, 811, 821,

tsubotae 16, 20, 159a, 199, Plate 100. 827, 845, 846, 847, 857, 905, 907, 911, Plates

tubata 980, 982, 999, 1037, Plate 530. 463., 464.,913,9

tubuliflora 719, 720, 721, 761, rE Plate 389. var. pallida 783, 911, 913

tubulosa 319, 520, 522, 523, 539, 633, 673, 687, subsp. 783,

691, Plates 348., 349., 350., 351., 693, 903 subsp. ys

subsp. sytingodes 522, 691 subsp. valida 1, Frontispiece

tuerckheimii 720, 739, 740, 741 a an seer 1149, 1181,

ulei 720,773

Plate.

ove 520, 521, 522, 525, 528, 697, Plate 352., xanthura 16, 35, igs

xerophila 918,

ao H.B.K. ximenae 1213, 1214, 1227, 1239, Plate 633.

uniflora Ruiz & Pav. a: cy 265, 281, 519, 520, phium 322,

522, 524, 525, 659, 699, Plate 353., 815, 829 xylina 16, 20, 219, oo

= 720.

ae 980 on 522, 528, 701, Plate 354. — ate S21, 531,557,635, 671,

urostachya 707, T11, Plates 359., 360., 361., 362., 713

711,

169

ustulata ony gon 703, Plates 355., 356., 705

subsp. 713

utriculata 379, 380, 399, Plate 200. zahibruckneri 7, 113a, 119, a, ea i

valenciae 783, 787, 901, Plate 458. 507, 509, Plates 253., Pate 2

vargasii 15, 16, 18, 19, 71, 79, 117, 167, 199, zamorensis 783, age nett

es 101., 1 103., 104., 221 zapatae 369. 369, 370, Plate

201, Plat

vasquezii 522, 527, . 522, i 57, Pe 33

veitchiana 1050, ion. 1055, 1059, 1067, 1079, 1085, | 0, 1 221, Plate 13.

1091, Plate 561., 1093, 1095, Frontispiece Part-5 een Stee late 5

var. mt bios 1050, 1091 ayia 1113, 1114, ie 1183, Plate 608.

oer

7a,

velifera 268, O71. 272, 311, 313, 331, 367, Plate 186. reser

velox 918, 937 deg on, 1101

venatoria 783, 786, 903, Plate 459., 913 1109, nu

acetate seg 1100, ei rege Plate 570. ee tr 957

1, 1039, ciliaris 857

2, 1261, P.

scope yond 980, re avy 1021, 103

Piatt $31; rele hit “129, 357,431, 483, 755, 1209,

var. brevicaudata 980, 1039 —

var. frontinoénsis 1031 sate 6

var. longi 980, 1003 mage a amt

subsp. filaria 980, 1003 bri +; 1209

venus 207a, 61. pneaiaagg ne

venusta 1050, 1051, 1052, 1089 a

verecunda 415, 522, 523, 709, Plate 358. plantaginea ast

vexillifera 783, 785, , Plate 460. sanctae-rosae

vidua 1185, 1193, 1197, Plate 614 Porrogloss —_ 1263

Vi , 435, late 252 sigan i211

virens 16, 17, 207, Plate 105. os! odrigoa “. 1203

virgo-cuencae 16,1 19, , 209", Pi , YP etig 1231

vittatula 1114, 1115, 1123, 1124, 1129, 1179, amg

Plate 605 1221

vomeris 16, 21, att. Plate 107. ee i

vulcanica 433, meleag 1237

wageneriana 7, pit 918, 920, 927, 959, 963, 973, Racrigoa bilebista 353

Plate 497., 97 aeael slum 2,1

var. colombiana 918, 959 Scaphosepalum erinaceum 457, 755

e , 953 153

var. rodolfoi aes 483

918, 963

walteri 402, 413a, 429, Plate 2 inia plantaginea 431, 483

weberbaueri 15, 16, 17, 131, 191, "ors, Flakes BOS. Specklnts Pe 759

109., 110.

welischii 1050, 1051, 1079, 1095, Plate 563. ; 2, 487, 1263

Trisetella

, 773, Plate 390. hion 129

wendlandiana

whiteana 16, 18, 217, Plate I11., eo"

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 7

MASDEVALLIA

Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav., FI. pn Chil. Prodr. 122, 1794.

aa eae — Ruiz & Pa

Ety.: Ni honor of os Mandevall hysi th f Charles III of Spai

Syn.: sgl Pridgeon & M.W. Chan: ‘Lieto 16; 252, 2001.

Type: Masdevallia pygmaea Kraenzl.

iodon. th

yo lete

Plants perennial, very small to large, weak to robust, epiphytic. lithophytic to eesti, the rhizome

very short to coarse or

auls ascen to erect, rarely descending, slender to stout, non-pocudobulbous, shorter than the

Ramicauls ding i at

leaf, unifoliate, partially or completely enclosed ig oy oe

Haescence emerging lat erally g 8 ta relation to the rami

hike Rac ae “y “ecan » lover). I

caul, thinly to thickly cori , smooth green or dark gree’

y , me de a + ly obovate rent amano tore os chanel

Pee Ur UD

th.

petiole meee as rere flower, a succession of single flowers, or a successively or

ously few- to many-flowered raceme, lax or congested, longer or shorter than the leaf, the pete

slender to stout, short or long, round to triangular in cross tion, t -scabrous in one specees, Wi

1-3 bracts, when triquetrous oti

slender to stout, longer or shorter than the floral bract; ovary smooth, lameliate, crested, danger

papillose, trivalvate with the ribs smooth, F mi

fleshy, variously colored, smooth to verrucose or pubescent, broad to narrow, acute to ae

t :

o weeply connate, usually pce usually longit udinally callous, callous, often produced into a

tooth on the geiapanaga margin, aor above eb lip usually i oe without a calbes, ete ot

, obtuse to unded, to verrucose,

ed accomapteghuaiecergmaee f longitudinal calli often extending ve over the margins with

ched u

notched

denticulate, ‘he disc smooth or with a pair °

margins of the column

beneath; column semiterete, the anther v entral, more or bea oe voded, the apical t : ines

entire to lightly toothed, the rostellum retrorse, the po

— EA the stigma ventral, | the base of ' ‘ oe ates thin

of the o vary, with an

The g genus Masdevallia is vest divided into 1 mpee

13 subsections. The proposal of Diodonop. sis for five species of Masdevalli

genus Pygmaeia is unwarranted (Luer, 2002).

Subgenera, Sections and Subsections of Masdevallia

Subgenus Amanda, type: M. amanda Subgenus Nidificia, omy ochiienil

Subgenus Cucullatia, type: M. cucullata Subgenus Polyan aye

Subgenus Fissia, type: M. picturata perenne Alaticaules, type: M. melanoxantha

enus Masdevallia, type: M. uniflora Subsection Coaeraneae, type: M. sceptrum

Section Coriaceae, type: M. coriacea ‘on Polyanthae, type: M. imi

Section Dentatae, type: M. collina — P fyanthae, type: M. schlimit

Section Durae, type: M. dura ar agne type: M. lata

Section Masdevallia, type: M. uniflora Pygmaeia, type: M. pyemaea

Subsection Caudatae, type: M. caudata — Amaluzae, type: M. amaluzae

Subsection Coccineae, type ~~ - on Amaluzae, type: M. amaluzae

Subsection Masdevallia, type: M. uniflora sao _ type:

Subsection Oscillantes, type- M. zahibruckneri

M. wageneriana Secti » Aphanes, type: M. aphanes

Subsection Saltatrices, type: M. saltatrix Subsection Aphanes, tyPe: M. aphanes

Section Mii , type: M. minuta Subsection Prerygiophorae, ‘YPS:

Section Racemosae, type: M. racemosa M. pterygiophora

Section Reic , type: Section Pygmaeae, type: M. pygmace

Ti mee Voivula, ype: M- caudivolvula

sg! ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS OF MASDEVALLIA

1 Lip undivided, with or without calli 2

1’ Lip divided by marginal folds into two parts, an epichile and a hypochile.......... 19

2 Rhizome elongated, plant repent 3

2’ Rhizome abbreviated, plant caespitose .. 4

3 Inflorescence racemose; lateral sepals tailless........... Masdevallia sect. Racemosae

3’ Inflorescence single-flowered; sepals caudate subsect. Masdevallia

4 Peduncle scabrous... Scabripes

4# Peduncle smooth 0.0.0.0... ccccscc 5

5 Inflorescence 1-flowered.............. 6

5’ Inflorescence 2- or more-flowered, or successively flowered 12

6 Ovary variously ornamented ................ 7

6 Ovary not ornamented, but may have low carinae or ribs 8

7 Ovary carinate-crested; sepals tailless or contracted into short, thick tails..............

crete ise rhe peg sas oc eae Ae LMG Ug eit Pygmaeia sect. Aphanes

7’ Ovary spiculate to papillose; sepals caudate................ Pygmaeia sect. Pygmaeae

8 Petals without a protruding process... 9

8’ Petals with a protruding PORE 11b

9 Sepals deeply connate into a tube constricted above the middle

DEG ea ae ee a ee Masdevallia sect. Triotosiphon

9° Sepals not connate into a constricted tube............. 10

~ Lip thick, verrucose at the APEX. cocccsseoeoc Masdevallia sect. Coriaceae

10° Lip thin, smooth or microscopically verrucose at the apex 11a

11a Plant small, weak: Sepals membranous......................... a sect. Amaluzae

11a’ Plant strong, robust; sepals Mesby....... Masdevallia sect. Reichenbachianae

: - cae with a small callus above or along the margin... Masdevallia sect. Minutae

TID’ Petals with a Protruding, marginal process............ Masdevallia sect. Masdevallia

— starts SE asta a eral subgen. Meleagris

12° Sepals variously connate... 13

13 Ovary variously omamented ...... 14

13 Ovary not omamented, but costate. ribbed of ennai, 15

14 Ovary crested: lateral sepals tailless.__ : 5

> : uot teweeeneedinunan: ++... Pygmaeia sect.

ve o ary and sepals echinate; sepals caudate-clavate........Pygmaeia sect. Pygmaeae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 29a

Masdevallia ametroglossa Luer & Hirtz, = nov.

Ety.: From the Greek wngiernes: “an immense tongue, oe to the eonscen

Inter species sect. Alaticaules, plant di P , 0 longissimo, flore mediocri

protuberanti distinguitur. : a

medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-2 cm long, en-

closed nas 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly ples raed ss -obovate, subacute

to obtuse, 10-11 cm long, 1.4-1.8 cm wide, gradual narowed below ita ill-defined petiole. Inflor-

congested, successively flowered raceme, borne by a stout, erect, triquetrous peduncle, 24-27

“a = ~ a bract at the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, — 10

the tube

synsepal 40 mm n long, 18 mm wide, veined concave peor with the sides recurved beyond

into cylindrical, contiguous tubes, with the free ends 10-12 mm long; — white, —— 10 mm long,

3 mm wide, the apex tridentate, the labellar half with a low, longitudinal callus ee

ina globose swelling at the base; li p greenish white, , able 1S mn mn ae wide,

with a pair ypochile oblong, shallowly concave

obtuse, with a midline callus, also callous beneath the i Oa shallow, central cleft, hinged

beneath; column semiterete, 4 mm long, ae bat 2 mm long with a distinct, i

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: oe del

Condor, Nangariza Zurmi, alt. 800 m, cultivated at

Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, spi 11 Tuly 2002, A.

Hirtz 8386 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20194.

This species, recently found in the

Cordillera del Condor, is a member of the

section Alaticaules. Vegetatively, it is

relatively small for the subsection, but

with a proportionately long, stout pe

cle. The flower is yellow-green and of

average size. The tail of the dorsal sepal is

erect or slightly recurved; the sides of the

lateral sepals beyond the sepaline tube are

recurved individually into adjacent tubes.

The immense lip protrudes beyond the

orifice of the sepaline tube.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 649. Masdevallia ametroglossa

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 113a

Masdevallia loui Luer & Dalstriém, sp. n

Ety.: Named for Louis (Lou) Jost, —— natural, omithologist, aa artist, and free-

lance author,

Fintan parva, ped ] denti triquetri ae pal re ae

simus = e171 — li by Be = DAL L M4 ose.

Plant small, a spre? _— slender. Ramicauls ‘Slender, erect, less than 1 cm long, en-

closed by 2 tubular sheaths. iole 1-1.5 cm

long, the ree ‘narrowly poate cacase to ‘obtuse, 0. 9-1 - cm wide, pasared narrowed below i into

the petio

+ mt the LR £. i. L rf > 1. 41 hk o

nal ome peduncle, 1- - cm long, with a b

tubular, oblique, 5-7 mm long; pedice 15 mm long: ovary 3 mm long; sepals pale brown brown with numerous

purple specks, fleshy, sri’ externally, minutely tubercular within, the dorsal sepal obovate, 9mm

lon wide, 3-veined, connate 7 mm i indri tube, the apex contracted into

obtuse,

an erect, stout tail 10 mm long, the lateral a connate 14 mm in toa broad, ovate, obtuse E synsepal

with a secondary mentum below the middle,

tails ca. 1.5 mm long; petals cartil I l ks, oblong, 4.5 mm long,

1.5 mm wide, the apex truncate, minutely shes the labellar half with a low, longitudinal callus; lip

by yelio eh Eats eee , subpandurif orm, 5.5 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, chong hypoctl 3 mm ong.

th Ls | mm

at apex a minutely egies. minutely verrucose, the disc shallowly 4 lly, the

base truncat 3.5 mm long, he foot 2 mm long

incurved citenslaa

ECUADOR: Pastaza: humid forest, Rio Anzu, alt.

okt m, collected by S. Dalstrém and L. Jost, 23

c. 2002, S. Dalstrém 2746 (Holotype: QCA), C

ps illustr. 20427.

This little species is one of only a few

known species in subgenus Polyantha

section Alaticaules with a descending,

triquetrous peduncle. It is characterized

by an unusually, small, caespitose habit

and a short, strictly pendent peduncle.

Superficially, it resembles M. zahlbuck-

neri. The pattern of the small flower is

basically similar to many other members

of the subgenus Polyantha. The three

sepals are connate into a short, cylindrical

tube beyond which the synsepal expands,

with the obtuse tips terminated by very

short, thick tails. A secondary mentum

accommodates the lip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1l4a

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 149a

Masdevallia plynophora Luer, sp nov.

Ety.: From the Greek plynophorus, “bearing a washtub,” i apa to the basin-like re

Pang haec M. trochili I inden & J André affinis, sed sep

floralibt g

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 4-4. 4-4.5 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 10-25 cm long including the petiole 2-6 cm

long, the blade _ yale 2.2-3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the stout, channeled pe-

iole. Inflorescence a subcongested, successively aa raceme up to 10 cm oo borne by a suber-

ect, stout, triquetrous peduncle 20-40 cm long, oe we shen broad, with a tent at the base, from low ¢ on

atin

imbric:

long, ¢ dorsal sepal ici wae: ca. 22 mm ay de mm — connate to the lateral sepals for 9m

cm long; late teral eigrernapniestigirt giles ry < eee rs on ae

mm wide unexpanded, concave above the middle, 15 mm deep, with the sides more or less erect, not

incurved, the veins prominent within and verrucose tow apices, the apices » appro

contracted into slender tails 5 cm long; petals white, oblong, 9 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the apex nar-

rowly tridentate, the labellar half longitudinally callous-thickened ; lip white, diffusely dotted with pur-

- oblong-pandurate, 8.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with p t, obtuse, lobe-like, marginal folds near

middle, the epichile elliptical with the ap cose, subacute, apiculate, the hypochile

lasek oblong, the base subcordate, hinged on on ag end; column white,

stout, 3 mm ia withas wcaoigt

semiterete, 7 mm long, the foot

RU: Amazonas: La Providencia, alt. 2300 m

collected by J. Meza, irene by B. Wilrstle at

Spielberg, Germany, 1 S 1984, C. Luer 10432

type: MO) purchased

m J. Meza, cultivated by A. Maduro at Finca

eaxte Cerro Punta, Chiriqui, Panama, 14 Nov

1998, C. Luer 18981 (MO).

Masdevallia plynophora is very aon

ly allied to the relatively frequent and

widely distributed M. trochilus, and coul

possibly be treated as a variation. Vegeta-

tively, they are indistinguishable, except

for the longer average lengths of the

bracts and pedicels.

The differences in the appearance of

the flowers are remarkable. Instead of the

lateral sepals incurved into a closed, eg8-

shaped synsepal, the synsepal is gaping

and bowl-shaped, probably enticing

nators other than hummingbirds. An illus

tration of this species was identified as M.

acrochordonia in part-one of pees ORE:

When the true M. acrochordonia wa : ; + acti’

recognized in the area of its first collection, it was obvious that this F

was not the same. an Peru, where it

Masdevallia plynophora is is apparently restricted to ae obtained

probably grows with M. trochilus. It was first ot in 1984. A second collection

from Jorge Meza and cultivated by Berthold W also obtained from Meza, and culti-

was seen among plants of oe M. trochilus,

ated by Andres Maduro in |

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

150a

Plate 651. Masdevallia plynophora

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 159a

peemeratie rechingeriana Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. '. Regni Veg. 17: 424, 1921.

: Named for Dr. K. Rechinger.

Plant large, robust, asec caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, rigid, thickly coriaceous, 10-11 cm long including the

petiole 1.5-2 cm long. the se clita borate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 2-2.5 cm wide, cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme, borne by a stout,

erect, triquetrous peduncle 20 cm long, with a bract at the base, from the base of a ramicaul; floral bracts

thin, — imbricating, 10-14 mm long; pedicels 12-17 mm long; 5-6 mm | is glabro

croscopically cellular-verrucose within, the dorsal sepal yellow, lightly suffused with purple above the

middle, elliptical-obovate, ca. 15 mm hee: 9 mm wide,

short, a tube, the apex acute, acuminate, into a erect, slender, yellow-green tail 3.5 cm long. the

lateral sepals dark purple, ovate, htinad, ca, 22 mm long, connate 17 mm into an ovate, bifid lamina 17

mm wide, with a shallow me — the apices acute, contracted into slender, yellow-green tails 2.5 cm

long; petals greenish white, oblong, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex irregularly bilobulate, the the labellar

half with a longitudinal callus, rounded pth the base; lip yellow, diffusely dotted with red-purple,

oblong-subpandurate, 6.5 mm long, 2.75 m . arg low sapere

epichile ovate, acute, denticulate-erose, ve th on th

subcordate, hinged a column green, Rpseerniar 5 mm long, the foot Or mm nice thick, with a

short, incurved extens

VENEZUELA: near Colonia Tovar, Arnold

s.n. (Holotype: W). Without locality, collected by C.

Wubben, cultivated in 2001 in Staffordshire, Eng-

land, by Sue Skittrell s.n. (MO), C. Luer illustr.

0080.

Masdevallia rechingeriana was first

collected near Colonia Tovar in the coastal

range of northern Venezuela. It was

known to me only from the type-collection

at W, which is represented by only two

pressed flowers. It was erroneously be-

lieved to be a collection of M. sceptrum

(Systematics of Masdevallia Part One). A

recent collection, most likely from the

same area, no doubt represents this species

in spite of an absent keel beneath the apex

of the lip as reported by Kr

This species is characterized by a

robust habit, and a stout, triquetrous

peduncle considerably longer than the

leaves. The flowers are produced succes-

sively in a congested raceme. The dorsal

sepal is yellowish and attenuated; the

Synsepal is dark le, deeply connate

The tails are sbeebs long as the blade. The petals

on the lower margin. The lip is oblong

middle and an acute, verrucose apex. - on data, appears very

Masdevallia tsubotae, from Colombia but without collection

similar, and may prove to by synonymous.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 652. Masdevallia rechingeri

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 165a

Masdevallia rolandorum Luer & Sijm, bes nov.

Ety.: Named for Dr. and Sra. Isaias Rolando of Lima, Peru, who cultivated this species.

Inter species sect. Alaticaules, - 7 pedunculo crasso longissimo, flore Lacon sepalis

late

r i

A = ¢, a tinowitir

r 2

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. eR stout, erect, 4 cm long, enclosed by 2

loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, n wly elliptical-obovate, subacute subacute to obtuse, 23

cm long, 2.5 cm wide, gradually I ca. 44cm long.

a congested, successively flowered raceme, up to 5 cm saa bee by a stout, erect, triquetrous peduncle,

32cm toe with a bract at the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, oblique, 15-25

mm long; pedicels 18-23 mm long; ovary 7 mm long; sepals fleshy, the dorsal sepal light yellow-green,

glabrous, ovate, 15 mm long aes entire length 5 cm), 11 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals

for 7 mm to form a short, cylindrical sepaline tube, the free portion broadly tri , acute, pa

into an erect, stout, yellow-green tail ca. 3.5 cm long, the lateral sepals ai

Ovate, minutely capillose synsepal 47 mm long, 23 mm wide, 6-veined, concave basally, ¢ 5

i ree ends narrowly triangular, saa -_ long; petals —

mm | half with a , A

mm long, 3. 5 mm wide, the apex subbidentate, the labellar a 75 eam long, 4.25 mm wide,

St cd ice een eT “the

with a pair of oblique, t epichile mi

ened and minutely Tugose enc beneath the tip, the Meee oblong, — § mm long with a

truncate, shallowly — ber ed beneath; column semiterete, 7 mm long,

istinct, incurved extensi

PERU: Amazonas: near Moyabamba, alt. 700 m,

csi by Renato Villena, obtained from Dr. Isafas

Rolando, cultivated at Venhuizen, the Neth therlands,

July 2002, by A.P. Sijm 220209 (Holotype: MO), C.

Luer illustr. 20168.

This large species is fundamentally

similar to many of the other species of sec-

tion Alaticaules. It is distinguished from

them by the large habit and a long, stout

peduncle over 30 centimeters long. The

flower is large with a broadly expanded,

convex, minutely papillose, uniformally

purple synsepal that ends in short, acu-

minate, tail-like apices. The petals are

thick and broadly oblong. The lip is also

broadly oblong with a thick, minutely

Tugose apex. The usual folds are thick,

nearly transverse and overhanging.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 195'

Masdevallia trochilus Linden & André, in Lind. Catalogue 1873; et Gard. Chron.

33: 711, 24 May 1873.

Ety.: From the Latin trochilus, “a kind of little e bird,” applied t to the Sry apr of the New

World chat Trochilidae),

We Rchb.f., Bot. Zeit {Do-l: ) 390, 20 June 1873.

“hay From the Latin par Pity ‘a saddle,” referring to the shape of the lateral sepals.

Syn.: Masdevallia colibri Burbidge, Florist & Pomol. 3, 1873, nomen nudum.

Ety.: From Colibri, “‘a hummingbird,”’ the Indian name for the plant.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-6 cm long, enclosed by 2-

3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 10-22 cm long includin ig the petiole 2-6 cm long,

the blade elliptical, obtuse, 2-4 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the stout, channeled petiole.

Inflorescence a subcongested, successively ance raceme up to 10 cm long, borne by a suberect,

stout, triquetrous peduncle 20-35 cm long, up to 0. Sem broad, with a bract at the base, from | low on the

ramicaul; floral bracts foliaceous, imbricating, 1.5-3

dorsal sepal yellow, ith | "obovate, 18-23 mm long, 8-10 =m wide, ¢ connate

to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a cylindrical sepaline t tube. rtion ovate, subacute to

obtuse, contracted into a slender, erect rs 6-9 cm Merete lateral sepals red-brown to rhe mac

connate 20-25 mm to ee a ae ventri

panded, 15-20 mm deep, w sides incurved, the

apices, the apices eched. approximate, contracted into slender tails 3-6. 5 cm nie petals waits,

oes donate cfe cc ed ith le, oblong-pandurate, 7-7.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide,

t ickened; lip white, pica dott wit purp mses g-P Aegan at eicile se alk the apex

minutely verrucose, obtusely apiculate, the hypochile ackuais oblong, the

the tak taleais — with purple margins, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot sont 3 mm long, ty a

short, incurved extens

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Sons6n, above Sons6n,

ype

Rio Herradura, alt. 2200 m, 13 May 1983, R. Escobar

& E. sapeiad Les (SEL); Urrao, Rio Pabén, alt.

2100 m , 28 1977, collected = E Scinige culti-

17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13227 (MO). Cauca: Buena-

ventura, 1877, Klaboch s.n. (W); forests above

Popaydn, alt. 1750-2000 m, 23 Feb. 1884, FC.

Lehmann 3538 (AMES, B, BM, BR, G, K, LE, US,

ECUADOR: Napo: near Rio Quijos, alt. 2100 m,

collected by A. Andreetta, cultivated in Cuenca, 13

July 1977, C. Luer 1693 (SEL); Cotundo, a, 208

m, July 1984, A. Hig 1829 (MO). Pastaza: R

Negro, alt. 1300 m, 15 July 1983, A. Hirtz 1039

Bomboiza, alt. 1500 m, ‘collected b yA E

cultivated i in Cuenca, 1 Nov. 1982, C-. Luer 2322.

(Ss

collected by G. Hiubsch s.n. (W): without collection. | 1, stove Vileabamba, alt.

data, cultivated 1881 by James O’Brien s. n. (W); Rio be between Loja and and Zamora, alt. 700 aap

1982, D. a esemmirs s.n. (SEL). Zamora- Zamora, alt. 2250 m, 22 May ies,

s Loj

Hirtz, W. Flores, A. ce & W. Teague an W Kaniger, H. Koni Koniger & M. Arias K-8le (MO,

PERU: i Meza, cultivated by B. Warstle at

Herb. H. Koniger). Junin unin: Chanchamayo,

Germany, 1 June 1980, C. Luer 5299 (SEL).

196! ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 197!

Gustav Wallis first discovered this well-known species in 1868 in the mountains

above Sonsén in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It was very scantily

described in Linden and André’s sales catalogue in the spring of 1873, and quoted

in the weekly Gardeners’ Chronicle, only a few weeks before Rei *s Lati

description was published with the name M. ephippium. This large species is

widely distributed from central Colombia to central Peru.

In his Xenia Orchidaceae of 1874, Reichenbach published an account of M.

ephippium, and on the same page he described as M. acrochordonia the plant col-

lected in Ecuador by Dr. Krause. He distinguished the latter for smaller flowers

with narrower, less involute sepals. The synsepal of M. plynophora from northern

Peru is larger and widely expanded without incurved margins.

Masdevallia trochilus is characterized by the large habit with thickly coriaceous

leaves and a stout, considerably longer peduncle. The raceme produces a large

flower on a long pedicel successively over a long period of time, often over one

year. The sepals are connate into a proportionately short, cylindrical tube. The

blade of the dorsal sepal is held forward, and the long, slender tail reflects abruptly.

The lateral sepals are deeply connate into a concave synsepal that is deeply inflated

above the middle. The sides are involute, creating an egg-shaped synsepal with the

interior hidden. The petals are variously dentate and callous along the lower half.

The lip is pandurate with wing-like folds near the middle.

Bote

ies

Z east iz

Wieser

Wahaus

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 227a

Masdevallia anomala Luer & Sijm, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin anomalus, ‘‘deviating from the usual,”’ referring to the combination of morpho-

logical features.

Planta mediocris, pedunculo tereti unifloro, sepal dibus sup dium encrassatis, petalis

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, pi ts slend _Ramicauls stout, blackish, erect, ca. |

cm ae enclosed by : a loose, bular sheath and h th Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 9

| 2.5 cm long, the blad lliptical, subacute. 1.2 cm wide,

vane at i narrowed below into the petiole. g y berect,

terete peduncle, 9 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular,

oblique, 13 mm long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 8-9 30 long; sepals color?, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

obovate, 17 mm long, 11 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 10 mm to form a cylindri-

cal tube, the free portion broadly triangular, subacute, ae into a forwardly directed, slender tail,

ee cng the apex, 15 mm long, the ov sepals | oblong, 20 mm long, | 10 mim | wide, 3 veined,

conn

poe ae white, oblong, 7.5 mm long, eC 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse-subtruncate, minutely short-

apiculate, with a low, longitudinal, callus along om “— margin above the lower third, and with an

mm long, 4. 5 mm wide, with a pair of longitu-

— carinae from: low folds near the > middle, the crcl oblong, wi th the sides narrowly revolute, the

argins o of th 5s giv Bnei sips stout —

basal angles or lobes, he b btruncate, cleft, thic ke i and ig aduaprna hance

ete, 8 mm long, th Ily long with a di tinct ti

gi 7

T <= ole fi, } h

PERU: Huanuco: near Tingo Maria, alt. ca. 1500 .

ce, ‘a P. Sijm et al. s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer

lustr. 20170.

This species, a recent collection in

central Peru by Ton Sijm, exhibits an un-

usual combination of physical features.

The narrow, coriaceous leaf is borne by a

black stem, not unusual among many

subdivisions of the genus. The single-

flowered peduncle is terete and as long as

the leaf. The flower is typical of section

Polyanthae with callous but “toothless”

petals, and a lip with marginal folds near

the middle, and with fimbriate margins

above the middle. The peduncle and

petals also suggest section Reichenbachia-

nae, a Central American taxon with a

mber in adjacent Colombia. It is super-

ficially similar to some members of sec-

tion Coriaceae.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 654. Masdevallia anomala

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 409a

a eburnea Luer & Maduro, s Sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin eburneus, “of ivory,” referring to the sepals.

Sei ha marginellae Rchb.f. affinis, sed pedunculo longiore, florib jorib

& oo 7

M4 Bist ate. ie o sep

= r

Plant serene ey in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. peace slender, erect, 2 cm long,

enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate, obtuse, 12-14

cm long, 2.5 cm wide, padeelly narrowed below it a petiole ok fe long. Inflorescence a rapidly

successive or nearl -flowered raceme, the rachis ca. 1.5 cm between flowers, bore

a slender peduncle, round in cross section, 11-13 cm ine with a bract at the base, from low on the

ramicaul; floral bracts o! nt ee mm long; pedicels 15 mm rite ovary 10 mm long: # sepals fleshy,

glabrous, shiny, ivory to light y -green, vate, 25 mm

long, 11 mm wide, 3-veined he | 1 20 fi |-shaped , sepaline

tube, te free portion broadly tianguls, cs, coed ino mot 20 elo low-green tail ca. 4m

long, t ] 251 mm long, 26 m mm wide, 6-

sca.3cm

veined, convex centrall y, wi

long; petals payee cartlagenous ovate, 7 5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm m wide, the apex rene lobed, tt the

labellar half with

thirds; lip bivadly: pra 9mm long, 4 mm wide, with a pair of low, longitudinal calli, obtusely angled

near the middle, the apex rounded, minutely erose, the base subtruncate-cordate, s shallowly cleft, hinged

te, 6 mm long. k

ANAMA : Chiriqui: alt. pavacc m, collected by

Erick Olmos, spring 2000, cultivated at Finca Dracu-

la, Cerro Punta, sprin ae eg 'E Olmos 157 (Holo-

type: MO), C. Luer illustr 19926; cultivated in

land Park, IL, Dec. 2002, by J. Dixler s.n. (MO).

This species of section Reichenbachia-

nae from western Panama is most similar

to the Costa Rican M. marginella. The

sepals of the Panamaian M. eburnea are

more deeply connate into a much broader

tube. Although the sepaline tails of the

simultaneously two-flowered M. marginel-

la are sometimes more or less curved, the

tails of the lateral sepals of M. erickii are

curv Z

Masdevallia eburnea is characterized

by a slender peduncle, nearly as long as

the leaf, that bears in rapid succession a

loose, few-flowered raceme, sometimes

with two flowers open simultaneously.

The flowers are shiny, pale yellow-green,

streaked with rose, and produced about a

centimeter and a half apart.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 413a

Masdevallia gloriae Luer & Maduro, 3 nov.

Ety.: Named for ede Herrera de Maduro of Panama, Panama, wife of Andres Maduro, co-collec-

tor of this —

1 ¢, +5 be | x Pp 1 Aik = >+ i eal: sans ae Coria-

a pa

ceae ame

Plant small in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-1.3 cm long, en-

closed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 4-7 cm long including a petiole 1- -1.5

cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, bomtesi 6 to obtuse, 1,4-1.8 cm | wide, gradually

ct. terete peduncle. 3-

below into the petiole. 'y

4.5 cm long, with a aime at the base, from lo h icaul; floral bract | tubular oblique 8-10

mm long; pedicel 9-14 mm long; 1 Is whit | 1 obovate, 12

mm long, 6 mm wide, 3-vein ot comme wo tanta spas or ae niet ose A

portion broadly triangular, subacute rd, stout, yellow tail 15-21 mm

long, 2 mm thick, the ‘lateral sa oblong-obovate, ll mm long, 3-veined, connate 5 mm into ‘ lamina

12 mm wide, the apices subacu'

white, oblong, ria — Below the middle, 5 mm long, 21 mm wide, the apex obtuse, mint

apiculate, the labellar half w th: ern —

long, 2. athe sing th x

isthmus above the middle, the cpichile pari ovate, obtuse, callous is the tip, the hypochile

oblong, sh shallowly c sof with the ‘margins thin, the bens wencate ant

1 TT central cleft. hi g h; column semiterete, 4 mm

reflex

long, the foot 2 mm long with a distinct, eared extension.

PANAMA: Chiriquf: Cerro Punta, Guadalupe, alt. D

2000 m, collected by A. Maduro and E. Olmos,

cultivated at Finca Dracula at Cerro Punta, A.

Maduro s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 201

This species, recently found on a cold,

humid mountainside in western Panama, is

a member of section Reichenbachianae,

joining M. chasei and M. walteri in pos-

sessing a pair of folds above the middle of

the lip. It is characterized by a single-

flowered terete peduncle that is shorter

than thickly elliptical, obtuse leaves. The

flowers are tubular and white with thick,

yellow tails. The sepals are callous above

the lower margin, as seen in sections

Coriaceae and Riko and

subgenus Polyanthae. The lip

with a pair of longitudinal call that form

obli ue angles above the middle, as seen omer

in all ne of subgenus Polyanthae, but uncommonly to ae : sa

taxa. The base of the lip is unique. ee .

a pair of short, oblique calli flanking a shallowly cl

4l4a

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

caper

asi ae aye

sf vet mw

i aonouasinosenn

Ve Deas ee oe

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 679a

Masdevallia strumosa P.Ortiz & E.Calderén, Orquideologia 22: a 2002.

to the prominent

Ety.: From the Latin strumosus, ‘with a swelling,” referring

Wik eins it lender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 3 cm

long, enclosed by 2 loose, Be sc mfe pees " Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-12 cm long including a petiole ca. 3

m long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute to acute, 1.4-1.6 cm wide, narrowed below into

the petiole. —— a single flower, borne bya a slender, erect peduncle, ca. 6-8 cm 1 long, with a

bract at the base, fr m low 2; F ag; Ovary

mm | J whi & afc Te , glabrous, th 4 1 P o /. 14 long, 7

mm wide, $ reined, with purple stripe below the mille, connate tothe lateral eal for 8 mm mm to form

subacute di ct, slender. yellow tail 4.7

cm ‘long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, 15 mm long, 7 mm wide, 3-veined, each with 2 purple stripes

below the middle. tails similar to

that of the dorsal se epal; petals white, oblong, oblique, 6 mm long, Shae ee ee

lowly | bilobulate, subapiculat ate, th

= Liat

L bl, Inry ia

rate, 7 mm long iS 3mm wide, channeled pe lightly peri below the dilated

“gle ee apex broadly rounded, saent defle xed, | minutely erose, base narro ved, hinged

iterete, 6 m

COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Cordillera Occiden-

tal, Cali, Los Farallones, cuenca del Rio Pance, Filo

de Hambre, ‘“‘Mirador del Ilex,” alt. 3190 pies 25 Mar.

1998, E. Calderén 110C (Holo otype: FMB); same

collection, E. Calderén 110A, 110B, 110D (Para-

types: COL, JAUM, MO, TULV), C. Luer illustr.

20430.

This species of subsection Masdeval-

lia, apparently endemic in southern

Colombia, is closely related to the rela-

tively frequent and widely distributed M.

pernnifers. Both are characterized by the

“goiter,” a prominent, elongated mentum.

Masdevallia strumosa is distinguished

by white sepals with a prominent purple

stripe on the dorsal sepal and a pair of

stripes on each of the laterals. The

are proportionately large, obliquely ob-

long, and shortly unguiculate. The apex of

the lip is widened with the rounded tip

sharply deflexed 90°.

POLIO Nee ea rover Me oP fir os SIE Wee ee ap NS NN a cea a

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 789a

Masdevallia acaroi Luer & Hirtz, Sp. a

Ety.: Named for — Medina of ador, coll f peci Iivered

at Ecuagenera in Gualac

Species haec M. dre Koniger affinis, sed sepalis i bropunctati dis longiorib

labello ovato marginibus undulatis differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1 cm long, enclosed by 2

loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, ag yr peape a cm — ‘including a a petiole LS cm long, the blade

narrowly eli: rst eee: to obtuse, 1 . Inflor-

1k pean ed | re] 7 a

sepals rose, piers and diffusely dotted with red, glabrous but microscopically cellular with ‘minutely

fnncnahag gin the dorsal ‘Sepal suborbicular, concave, anteflexed, 11 mm m long, 9 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate to the = P d. contracted into

an erect or slightly reflexed, senuet, p pa h tail 4 cm long, h | sepals elliptical 16 mm n long, 9.5

mm wide, 3-veined, connate 4 mm, btuse, d di i

dorsal sepal; petals rose oblong, ‘<a mm n long, 2 mm wide, me sig obtuse, alo bilobulate, ein

ith a longitud ti

purple, ovate, 4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, with a pair of low, longi ne —

apex obtuse, convex with a thick, , midline callus, ith the margi

egg: hinged beneath; colum erete, 5 mm long,

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del

Condor, Chinapintza, alt. 1700 m, collected by A.

Medina, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, [

Ecuador, 11 July 2002, A. Hirtz 8400 (Holotype:

MO), C. Luer illustr. 20196. 2 o j

This species of subsection Caudatae

from the Cordillera del Condor is coe

terized by a rose flower diffusely an

densely dotted with red. The concave er rs Lv

dorsal sepal is held forward over broadly y 5

expanded lateral sepals. The tails are long ee x

and slender. The petals are oblong with a a I is

short basal process; the lip is ovate with

thin, undulating margins. ‘ig

790a ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 895a

Masdevallia weareyey Luer & Jost, sp. age

Ey 8 Stig Dalstrém of Sarasot epnbnakiewhednciaes

kh +. p Por Pal ty +

ve sepals lateralibus latissime latis s purpureo or cum callo elliptico vad basim, ae obtuse

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1 cm long, enclosed by 2

loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3.5-4.5 = long including a petiole ca. 1 cm Peat 04

blade ree to broadly elliptical, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate

petiole. nce a single flower, t by p

54 coh long. with a actin tie e base, from | icaul; floral bract tubular, 9 mm | dicel

13 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals thin, glabrous, th

rose, intensely dotted with purple-brown, suborbicula, concave, 11 mm ie 11 mm wide, hep ynacccing

5-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 7 t gaping cup

ed into an erect, slender tail 2 cm long. ] idel ry doned

ue brown below the middle, faintly dotted above the middle, with a a dark Fn ees ovate callus at

base, ovate, obtuse, oblique, 15 mm long, 12 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 5 mm, apices obtuse,

ca. contracted into slender tails 2.5 cm long; petals white, thick, oblong, 5 mm long, wide,

apex

rf, 4 rer

obtuse, shallowly lobulate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus

t ple, oblong gage” ese with a

itud iddl he apex round with a a thick, midline callus, the base

retuse, delicately hinged beneath; column pac 4 mm long, the f g

extensio

ECUADOR: Pastaza: forested ridge north of Mera,

alt. 1500 m, collected by Sgt Dalstrom and Louis

Jost, Mar. 2001, y L. Jo

(Holotype: pe Isotype: MO); same collection,

cultivated in Wilmington, DE, Aug. 2002, by M. Rao

97 (MO), C. ig illustr. 20191.

This species of subsection Caudatae

has recently been discovered in an area

that has been botanized for a century and a

half. It is characterized by a showy flower

with a concave, rose dorsal sepal and

broad, widely expanded lateral sepals that

are diffusely dotted with red-purple, in-

tensely below the middle and faintly above

the middle. At the base of each lateral

sepal within there is a deep purple ellipti-

cal callus. The callus of the petals ends in

a short, thick process. The lip is oblong

with a pair of calli above the middle.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PO ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1031!

Masdevallia saltatrix Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 10, 1877.

Ety.: From the Latin saltatrix, “ta woman dancer,” in allusion to the graceful flower.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-11 cm long including the petiole 1-4 cm long, the

blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.2-2.3 cm wide, cuneate below into the slender petiole. a soli-

flower borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle 2-6 cm long, with a bract near the base, from

w on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 7-8 mm long; pedicel 12-13 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals

glossy red-purple externally, yellow, dotted with red and cellular-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal

oblong, 27 mm long, 10 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 23 mm to form an erect, curved,

ventricose, cylindrical tube constricted below the ostium, the free portion transversely triangular, the

lateral sepals 25 mm long, connate 20 mm into an oblong, deeply ventricose synsepal, 18 mm wide

io i tails similar to

expanded, the portions obtuse, contracted into reflexed similar to that of the dorsal sepal;

white, elliptical-oblong, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the subacute apex obscurely bilobed, the lower

margin Soe ne gitt hae ai A oie wa g : 1 gl 1 . flecked

with purple below the middle, oblong-ligulate, 6 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the apex subacute, the disc

with a pair of low, parallel calli, the base truncate, hinged on the end; column white, semiterete, 5.5 mm

long, the foot stout, 2 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Frontino, Roezl s.n.

(Holotype: W); Cerro de Frontino, alt. 2000 m, 25

(SEL); same area, alt. 1820 m, 3 May 1983, C. Luer,

J. Luer, R. Escobar, A. Pridgeon & E. Valencia 9051

(SEL).

This species is endemic in the region

around Frontino in the Western Cordillera

of Colombia, where it was first collected

by Roezl. Lehmann also found it there

when he visited the silver mines at El

Plateado. He entitled his painting of this

species, now at Kew, Masdevallia ventric-

ularia var. frontinoénsis.

Closely allied to the smaller, short-

tailed, Ecuadorian M. ventricularia, and

even more closely allied to the slender-

tailed M. filaria that is also found in the

Western Cordillera, this taxon is easily

recognized. The larger, erect, aga vate

lossy, big-bellied sepaline tube, yellow

ae eat inside, and the three reflexed, egagihl oS :

The petals are oblong with a marginal callus, and the

obtuse.

ate tails easily identify it.

imple lip is oblong and

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1032!

tag Ave = .

MSE

Plate 527. Masdevallia saltatrix

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1039!

Masdevallia ventricularia Rchb.f., Otia Bot. nico 1: 14, ‘1878.

Ety.: From the Latin ventriculus, ‘a little belly,”

tube.

eC &

stint Masdevallia ventricularia var. brevicaudata Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34:

o r e

By: From the Latin brevicaudatus, “short-tailed ferring to the sh i i,

Plant small, a caespitose; roots slender. _Ramicauls slender, erect, i2cm long, ee

2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5

blade narrowly elliptical-ovate, obtuse, 1.4-1.8 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the tle

Inflorescence a solitary, erect, tubular flower borne by a slender erect to suberect peduncle 3.5-6.5 cm

long, with een above the base, from low on the ramicaul, daasparge di popasy a Samy 11-14 mm

long, 0 ike 5-6 mm long, yellow, P purple; , shortly to

cellular-pubescent iddle, the d bl 0-24 on nak 16 a Cs oe

panded, ‘connate to the lateral fs for 19-23 mm to create a ojlindrcal, ventricose, sepaline —

to transversely igular, the

ruptly contracted into a slender, orange tail 4-9 mm long, the lateral sepals 18-23 mm long, rod re

jexpentine, the free

20 mm into a lamina concave longitudinally, 6: ow psig a 3-4 mm wide unex ¢ portions

lar eis reflex * <.5. 1 ‘ Thy Ai Pt

with red, oblong, obtuse, 6mm n long, 2 mm wide, t he labellar g ending in

an acute, lip red, dotted ffi ith d, oblong- ligulate, 7 mm long,

2 mm wide, the apex yellow, obtuse, ‘the disc lightly sulcate, the base with lightly upcurved margins,

subcordate, soni on the end: column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a short,

incurved extensio:

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Angue near Nanegal, alt.

7,000 ft, Feb., Mar., Sept. 1877, EC. Lehmann

mann 321 (BM, BR, G, K, US); same area, Dec.

1975, collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 13

July 1977, C. Luer 1695 (SEL); west slope of

Pichincha, alt. 2000 m, collected by A. Andreetta and

irtz, cultivated at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer

(MO). C dona-

Del Hierro, A. : X. Hirtz 15138 (MO); same area,

alt. 2200 m, 25 Feb. 1992, S. Dalstrém 1572 (MO).

COLOMBIA ee Yarumal, near Estadero

Ventanas, alt. 2000 m, 16 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J.

Luer, alstrém & W. Teague 14209 (MO

Masdevallia ventricularia, first dis-

covered by Dr. Jameson of Quito, occurs

in the forests of northwestern Ecuador an and

Colombia where it is relatively frequent.

It is characterized by a small, solitary,

erect, reddish brown, tubular flower, ven-

: iddle and

tricose near or below the mi the orifice of the tube. The free parts of

constricted between the ventricosity and oa

the sepals are broadly triangular, eac terminated by a tail considerably

than the sepaline tube. | meee

Masdevallia ventricularia is closely related to the Colombian M. filaria

by their larger size, colorful _ tube,

saltatrix, which are readily distinguished pap

and slender, recurved, sepaline tails as long as or longer