-—’X

ICONES PLEUROTHALL.IDIN ARUM

/ XXVI \

Pleurothallis subgenus AC|ANTHERA

and three allied subgenera

/ 1

A second century of ne\*j species of

STELIS of ECUApOR

EPIBATOR, OPHIDION

ZOOTROPHION

V®?

Missouri Botanical Garden

f5 0

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

XXVI

\ ! A

Pleurothallis subgenus ACIANTHERA

and three allied subgenera

A second century of new species of

STELIS of ECUADOR

EPIBATOR, OPHIDION

ZOOTROPHION

ADDENDA TO BRACHIONIDIUM, DRACULA, LEPANTHES,

PLATYSTELE, PLEUROTHALLIS, PORROGLOSSUM, AND

MASDEVALUA

NEW GENERA AND COMBINATIONS

Carlyle A. Luer

Missouri Botanical Garden

MONOGRAPHS IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY

FROM THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Volume 95

Published inTebruarjr2O04in an edition of 500 copies.

Effective date of publication of Volume 91 is 2 May 2003.

ISSN 0161-1542

ISBN 1-930723-29-2

Carlyle A. Luer

3222 Old Oak Drive

Sarasota, FL 34239-5019

Victoria C. Hollowell

Managing Editor

Amy McPherson

Associate Editor

Diana Gunter

Copyright (c) 2004 by Missouri Botanical Garden Press

All rights reserved.

Printed in the U.S.A. by Coastal Printing, Inc.,

Sarasota, FL

Composed at 3222 Old Oak Drive, Sarasota, Florida

with WordStar 7.0

Typeset with Hewlett Packard LaserJet 2100M

Copies of this book are available throug

Missouri Botanical Garden

MBG Press Orders

4344 Shaw Blvd.

St Louis, MO 63110-2291, U.S.A.

CONTENTS

Pleurothallis pantasmoides .

Pleurothallis subgenus ACIANTHERA .

Pleurothallis subgenus ABBERANTIA .

Pleurothallis subgenus DIDACTYLUS ....

Pleurothallis subgenus UNGUELLA .

Illustrations

Index.....

A Second century of STEUS of Ecuador.

Section Nixipous .

Illustrations.

Section Humboldtia .

Illustrations

Section Stelis .

Illustrations.

Section Labiatae ...

Illustrations.—

Index of Stelis ...—

EPIBATOR .*—--~~

OPHIDION ..—

Illustrations.

ZOOTROPHION ----

Illustrations

Addenda to previously treated taxa.

Illustrations

Addenda to Systematics of Masdevallia..

New genera and combinations.

.1-75

.76

.77-79

.80-81

.82-110

....111-113

.115-200

....118-120

.119

.121-133

....134-139

.140-175

.176-193

.194-197

.198-199

.200

.201-204

.205-210

.209

.211-228

.229-232

.233-239

.240-242

.243-252

.253-265

Pleurothalhs pantasmoides C.Schwinf., mountain forest north of Lo

Province of Loja, Ecuador, altitude 2700 meters above sea level '

photographed by Alexander Him, 2 February 1987

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

SUBGENUS ACIANTHERA (ORCHIDACEAE)

Subgenus Acianthera (Scheidw.) Luer

ns are described. Keys to the sections and

ch species is described and illustrated with

His R.Br. with two sec-

sive of Brazil are given,

diite drawing.

Pleurothallis quadricristata L

This subgenus was proposed (Luer, 1986) to accommodate a large number of

allied species, which are characterized by more or less fleshy flowers with connate

lateral sepals that are borne singly or in a raceme terminally from the apex of the

ramicaul. The leaf is sessile, but sometimes the margins are decurrent on the rami-

caul. Although an infinite number of variations and combinations of morphological

details occur, a species of this subgenus is usually readily recognized by the few cri¬

teria noted above. However, morphological features are intricately shared with

species of other subgenera, i.e. Apoda-Prorepentia, as well as other genera.

Numerous species presently assigned to subgenus Specklinia and allied subenera are

very closely allied. Studies of DNA confirm the known distinction of subgenus

Acianthera, albeit with some blurred boundaries, but they do not dictate the taxo¬

nomic level at which the taxon must be recognized. Taxonomy is a man-made

system for classification. Because of close relationships, the existence of interme¬

diates, and obvious morphological similarities to other infrageneric taxa of Pleur¬

othallis, Acianthera is logically treated as a subgenus, a convenient category useful

with circumstances as these, instead of removal from the genus as recently proposed

(Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, 2001).

The first species of the subgenus to be described was Pleurothallis prolifera in

a manuscript by Herbert in 1829, and published by Lindley in his publication of

1830. No other species had yet appeared in the literature, but before the decade was

out, Lindley had described 14 more, which included well-known species such as P.

circumplexa, P. pectinata and P. pubescens. Also during this decade, Loddiges

described P. lanceana from Suriname in 1831, Poeppig and Endlicher described P

decurrens in 1836 from Peru, and the following year from Guyana, Knowles and

Westcott described P. ciliata, a synonym of P. lanceana.

In 1841, Lindley described P. recurva, a frequent and variable species from

southern Brazil. The following year, Scheidweiler described both Acianthera and

Centranthera as new genera, each with essentially identical descriptions with the

same epithet punctata. It seems that after submitting Centranthera, Scheidweiler

discovered that the name was occupied, and a substitute manuscript was submitted

with a different generic name with the same meaning. No doubt due to confusion,

or difficulties in communication, the two manuscripts were published side by side.

No type-specimens were deposited, but the descriptions apply to Lindley’s P.

recurva. Acianthera was retained for the subgenus.

About 95 species are presently accepted in the subgenus sensu stricto exclusive

of Brazil. The species with distributions limited to southern South America will be

treated in a future leones Pleurothallidinarum. As many species as possible are il¬

lustrated, but several are poorly known, unavailable, or lost. Some variations of

variable species are included. The style of the illustrations made during the last 27

years varies. Stig Dalstrom has inked those made in the last 10 years.

ICONES pleurothallidinarum

SUBGENUS ACIANTHERA

KEY TO'

6 Lip <

6’ Lip.

.P.

9 Lip with 1

9’ Lip with

12 Lip with a pair of tall,'

12’Lip without well-dema

.12

.13

13 Petals long-apiculate; lip with a cleft callus at the base. P.

13’ Petals not long-apiculate; lip without a cleft callus....

15 J

15’

17’

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

37’ Dorsal

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDIN ARUM

81 Lip <

81’ Lip;

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALUS

ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBGENUS ACIANTHERA

kik^ k^kk kk k k k k- k '?& kg'? k g k'k k

'?'$$%•£ s'sss aa s a a a« g «S3 ??? C - »

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SSSS 3SSS5! SSSiKKS 3 23; SS £2$ SPPP ftPgPfS

hm Mitt m*M i & & W M

ssig

11:141,19%.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

mitinm

SYSTEMATICS OF

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINAR U M

PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

iiiifilllm?!!!

SYSTEMATICS OF

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

iOTHALLIS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

J. Jap. Bot. 46:173,1971.

This species was d

inti

39

1C0NES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species, first collected by Kegel in 1846 and described by Reichenbach, is

endemic and infrequent in lowland Suriname and French Guyana. It is character¬

ized by an elliptical leaf borne by a ramicaul as long as or a little longer. A short,

loose raceme of four to six flowers is about half as long as the leaf. The narrowly

obovate dorsal sepal is free from the synsepal which is shortly bifid between apicu-

^ m minulel y serrate ’ the Up is oblong with a serrulate margin.

Th. Kte.re broadly rounded below the middle with a crest that curves toward to

ab ° Ve lhe middle Just the base there is a pair

of small, rounded calli. The base is truncate and minutely bilobulate.

ECUADOR: Azuay: epiphytic in old trees ’ ** ventral.

Lh^A^'/u 4 , (H0, °' ype: SEL ); v^ysouthtfcL^ 31 ! 18 Ju,y I977 ’ C ^ J -

L*]trumt,A A (J. MoUm 14360 (AAU GBV L ! of Cumbe, alt. 2900-3000 m, 9 June 1979 B

r 2692 MoronaW' 3 * 5 °; 32 °° m ’ 28 Jan ‘ 1988 ’ U Molau - B

of Volcin 'nr • Hmz - W - Fhres ’ A. Andreetta A Wt* f ^ CSl east of Si g s »g> alt. 2750 m, 15

AZUK a,t 2800 23 Jan. 1987 c Te , ague J 3335 (MO). Pichincba: west flank

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

teenth century “stove ,” P as evidenced by the published iltastration which suffices as

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

pleurothallidinarum

PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

mui

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Serra das Orgaos. M

BR). Without collection data. ca. 1873, Kefer

specimens (K) DtsL Fed.: Rio Tijuca, Sept. 19-

GUYANA: without more specific data, obtaine

newer 29 Sept. 1991, C. Luer 15474 {MO).

9 (Holotype: M; Isotype:

: Yolassa, alt. 1500 m, 27 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer &

R. Vdsqmez 9348 (SEL).

Widely distributed through Brazil into Bolivia and the Guianas, P. prolifera is

characterized by a compressed ramicaul and a more or less deflexed, sessile, thickly

coriaceous, concave-conduplicate leaf. The usually dark red-purple flowers are

borne within the cavity on a short, congested raceme. The size and colors of the

flowers are variable. It is illustrated in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, plate 1908. In

his original description, Lindley noted the leaf as “prolifero,” but this was appar¬

ently retracted in his Folia Orchidaceae Pleurothallis, where it was not mentioned.

A prolific leaf occurs occasionally in normally single-leaved species.

Pleurothallis prolifera grows locally and abundantly among rocks and in full

sun, the leaves becoming thickly rigid, deeply conduplicate, and dark red-purple.

When it grows epiphytically in shaded habitats, the leaves do not become as deeply

concave or pigmented, if at all.

Ely.: From ihe Latin bufoms,

™S randensis Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2:28, 1882

Ely.: Named for the Rio Grande where the species was collected.

t2** s L 0rch - Nov - 2:29 ’ 1882 -

state ot Kio de Janeiro where the species was collected.

*»■ 2: »

^ Hist. N “ 12:116.1883.

W Kuntze, R.TgL PI. 2:668.1891.

Rev. Gen. PI. 2:668,1891.

to'R ^G^' 2: 66811891 '

° KUMZC ’ RCV ‘ Ge "‘ PL 2:1891

Syn PieurtMkatlu ^^i^^ - U " t2C ^ ^ ”** f67, 189L

Ety.: From the Latin mandibular!^'^ _,

Kl * aa1 '

S ; ,921 -

’ ‘KU 16:245,2

Ill

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

PLEUROTHALLIDIN ARU M

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLID1NARUM

BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Chapare, north east of Cochabamba toward Villa Tunari, alt. 1850, collected

17 Jan. 1984 by R. Vfequez, J. and C. Luer, flowered in cultivation at Colomborqufdeas 8 May 1985, C.

Luer /JJ00(Holotype: MO).

ECUADOR: Pastaza: near Puyo, alt. 1000 m, Oct. 1983, A. Hirtz 1301 (MO).

This small species is known from the east flank of the Andes of Ecuador and

Bolivia, and it most certainly occurs in intervening Peru. The winged ramicauls are

shorter than the narrow, acute leaves they bear, and they are only slightly dilated at

the junction with the leaf where the inflorescence is borne.

The flowers are most similar to those of P. wyvem, but only half the dimen¬

sions. Tire sepals are fleshy and densely short-pubescent, the petals are obtuse and

serrate, and the thick lip is distinguished by a prominent pair of calli on the middle

third and a pair of small, erect lateral lobes on the lower third.

Pkurothallis tikalensis Correil & C.Schweinf., Fieldiana Bot. 31: 190, 1965.

Ely.: Named for Tikal, the province and park in Petto, where the species was collected.

Syn.: Acumthera tikalensis (Correil & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 1

-to. is

9 .“ 35 ■>« wae. P rom i»

apiC “ i" P** 5 ■ranslucen.,

e. the apex yellow-brown rounded wmmH .i__^ erect below the

middle, shallowly

thick. 2 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma w

GUATEMALA: Petto: Tikal

t^rflS?sS!). LL) ‘ ,m ° ng thC rU,n * ** Tika1, collccted by F Fuchs.TrTcultivated 11 Dec. 1975, C.

P 11 ! 1 ’“ L 300 JM. Andrews sub Hagsater 3942 (SEL).

co across^aremai ed ? f l pubescens ' occurs at low altitudes from eastern Mexi-

T hZe - U iS dislinguishe <* by the leaves with a marginal

deeply concave at the PU f rple ~ stn P ed n ° wers - The synsepal is

and minutely fringed The lip is 0 H™°^“™" foot - The Petals are broadly flabellate

middle. P b ong Wlth small > rounded, lateral lobes below the

OF PLEUROTHALLIS

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

El'i

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF

i ALLIS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species occurs infrequently in its wide distribution through the Andes from

Venezuela into Brazil and Argentina. In southern Ecuador it grows on exposed,

rocky hillsides. The ramicaul is erect, terete, and clothed by a few, more or less

evenly spaced, tubular sheaths. Flowers are produced successively in a very abbre¬

viated raceme, appearing in the fold at the base of the thickly coriaceous leaf. The

flowers are thickly fleshy with the lateral sepals only weakly connate, separating

easily. The anterior lobe of the three-lobed lip varies from smooth, slightly verru-

cose to coarsely vemicose. The broadly rounded, lateral lobes occupy the basal half

of the lip with the anterior margin subacute or obtuse.

Although the population found in southern Ecuador, described as P. dasychila,

varies from all the others in having the anterior lobe of the lip the most markedly

vemicose, all other morphological features subsequently have been found in vary¬

ing proportions throughout the range. The interpretations of the lip by illustrators

vary.

PleurothaUis wyvern Luer & Escobar, Orquideologfa 14: 184,1981.

Ely.: From the Old English wyuem, "a winged dragon of heraldry,” in allusion to tl

the gaping flowers on the shield-like leaf.

Syn.: Acmuhera wyvern (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 247,2001.

gradually becoming shaJJly winged ^

wnhcarly-fngmenting basalsheaths. Leaf erect, thinly cor

n long, from a us

Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, emptica

1-22 cm long. 3 5-6.5 cm wide, the base cuneate, decurrent on the stem for 1

raceme of 4 to 6 fleshy flowers reclining on the blade of the leaf, 2.5-

ious spathe 10-15 mm long at the apex of the secondary stem imbedc

floral bracts infundibular, 3 mm long; pedicels 2.5 mm long- ovary :

! t ;*^ d ?.f Wirp,< ;’ f ! < ; Shy ’ shortly Pubescent externally, glabrous v

oblong-obovate, 3-lobed, 6.5 r

. e subacute, 1 mm fong,t£ hin JdloL,

auricles, the disc with a rounded callus above the I

- - J o the anterior lobe from the bases of the

C, -- ••***» long, with a thick foot 2 mm long.

“‘IT 1 f0r ' !l “» ° f lte P- Moc

ECUADOR Morona-Lm£^ M * * J726 (Holotype: SEL )

s the thin, taDer^eaT^lT 30 ^! 02 ^ by broadly win 8 ed ramicauls about as long

ell above thTbase of the leTf tT’ produces short racemes of grotesque flowers

resent a warty tongue within ’ ^ 8aPIng ’ fleShy ’ pubescent ’ dark P ur P le flowers

Vellosiaed. 2,1:116,

Syn.: PleurothaUis c

Ely.: From the Lain ccmimilis, "simiTar'”^^

« consumlis (Ames) Pridgeon & M W nT , J,* spec,es 10 otnerS

long-repent; rhizome ___ ’ ina,eyana 10

i tong between ramicauls; tool

1, subacute, 2.5-*

neatc below into the sessile toL i"« COnaceous - elliptical, sul

ssiie base. Inflorescence a single flower

OF PLEUROTHALUS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

THREE NEW SUBGENERA IN PLEUROTHALLIS

The following three subgenera are proposed for some species that are allied to

subgenus Acianthera, but differing in significant details.

PLEUROTHALLIS SUBGENUS ABERRANTIA

Pleurothallis subgen. Aberrantia Luer, subgen. nov.

W* Latin aberrans, “aberrant,” in allusion to the combination of unusual morphological

Petala obcuneata lobulata et labelium longi-unguiculatum.

This subgenus is distinguished by thick, obcuneate petals that are lobulate at the

apex, and a long-unguiculate lip.

P.ahnrraM--.-|.„.Fig. 108.

Pleurothallis aberrans Luer, Selbyana 2: 382,1978.

sted or loose, simul-

'; U1C ramicaui tor l-J cm. Inflorescei

uneously 2- to 8-flowen* raceme. 1.5-10 cm long including the pedu

me leat. tram a spathe ca. 1 cm long above the base of the leaf;

mm long; ovary 2-3 mm long; sepals green, microscopically c

tesynst

-- »«. bwiuuin-toot; petals green, obcuneate, 2 mm

”T. “f an 8 les thickened or lobulate, minutely apiculate; lip dark

. the blade 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, broadly rounded at the apex,

1 Irma hi™ J.t paU ol „ lamellac cndin g **» rounded calli above the middle, the claw

'°" g - h,n « ed to the Up of the column-foot, ’ ' ’

lhe apcx> th® f °°t 2 mm long, the anther, r

PANAMA: Vermmi** n™* «*..__ . ..

t. 1976, C. Luer

ECUADOR: ^...rnunas:

San Lorenzo, alt. 700-800 m, 12

v 1988, A. Him 3907 (MO), C

1 ^ S’ Aug ' 1986 > HUtz 2969 (MO); I

1990, C.H. Dodson el al. 18254 (MO); west of

^mid forests of Panama and lowland

borne above the base of a ^ by a few-flowered raceme of green flowers

ruptly contracted into a nwowlvwtnLT^" 8 The base of the leaf is ab '

fleshy above the middle- the petL arf The d ° rSal sepaI is erect and

and the lip is long-unguiculaTe^ith^lT^r 1 ^ ** tmnCate apCX lobulate;

mentum formed by floor of the svnc C ^ aw and colu mn-foot within a conical

Acianthera. y ^ ^ and lip are foreign to subgenus

A leaf with margins decurrent

Ancipitia , and Scopula The infi ** ramicaul is fou nd in subgenera Acianthera,

«Wiion ,o . noJ “j r nCe ° f ' he ' a,ter two is s i n gIe-flowered, in

““ K 8180 ,nc0In patible with subgenus Acianthera.

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDIN ARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

ICONES PUEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 12. Pleurothallis carinata

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 13. Pleurothallis casapensis

Rg. 15. Pleurothallis Cerberus Fi S - 16 Pleurothallis chamelopoda

Fig. 14. Pleurothallis casapensis

(P. chamensis)

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALUS

ICONES PUEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC? OF PLEUROTHALUS

fi

Fig. 38. Pleurothallis erebatensis

Fig. 39. Pleurothallis erythrogramma

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 44. Pleurothallis garci;

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALUS

_ _ _ ..... , „ Fie. 48. Pleurothallis helicon*

Fig. 47. Pleurothallis harpophylla

IOONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 51. Pleurothallis hirsutula

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDENARUM

(P. ciliata)

Rg.59. Pleurothallis lojae

(P. florosa)

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLLS

Fig. 61. Pleurothallis lojae

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Fig. 68. Pleurothallis morilloi

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALLIS

100

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC OF PLEUROTHALLIS 101

Fig. 78. Pleurothallis phyllostachys

Fig. 80. Pleurothallis prolifera

102

IOONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 83. Pleurothallis quadricristata

Fig. 84. Pleurothallis quadriserrata

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALUS

103

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALLIS

105

Fig. 96. Pleurothallis toachica

106

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 100. Pleurothallis verecunda

Fig. 101. Pleurothallis violacea

Fig. 108. Pleurothallis aberrans

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 113. Pleurothallis cachensis

un

112

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF

113

ICONES PLEUROTHALL1D1NARUM

REFERENCES

LUER, C.A., 1986. leones Pleurothallidinarum-3. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 20: 12-15.

Pridgeon, A.M. & M.W. Chase, 2001. A phylogenetic reclassification of Pleuro-

thallidinae. Lindleyana 16(4): 235-271.

LUER, C.A., 2002. A systematic method of classification of the Pleurothallidinae

versus a strictly phylogenetic method. Selbyana 23(1): 57-100.

ABBREVIATIONS:

Names of Authors according to: R.K. Brummitt & C.E. Powell, 1992. Authors of

Plant Names, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Names of Publications according to: Lawrence, G.H.M., A.F. Gunther Buchheim,

G.S. Daniels & H. Dolezal, 1968. Botanico-Perodicum-Huntianum. Hunt Botani¬

cal Library, Pittsburgh.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank all the persons with whom we have shared time during the past 27 years.

It is impossible to name them ail, but I must name Alex Hirtz as the greatest con¬

tributor because of his invaluable aid in collecting specimens for study. The names

of the others are credited in citations of collections.

I thank all the herbaria that have allowed invaluable access to their collections,

especially the herbaria of AMES, K, and W for their most important, historical

collections. I thank Amy McPherson and Kristin Pierce of MO for their expertise in

proofreading.

I also thank the Pleurothallid Alliance and those members who made the inking

by Stig Dalstrom of many of the illustrations possible.

115

99999999999999999999999ft 9999999999999999999999991 »**

117

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

120

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This large species is found in southernmost Ecuador, and most certainly also

occurs in neighboring Peru. It is distinguished by the large, elliptical, thickly coria¬

ceous leaves about as long as the stout, thick ramicauls. The long, strict raceme is

borne by a thick peduncle. The sepals are elliptical and not widely spread in spite

of the lateral sepals’ being free from each other. The petals are large, fleshy, convex

and kidney-shaped. The lip is subquadrate with an acute apex and pubescent base.

,r,^' S ,r ng ?, SP “ KS iS known only from to Cordillera del Condor. It is charac-

hare^r f ,p “^'P e,iolate leaf about as long as the ramicanl. The raceme is

bare ly half a s long as the leaf or shorter. The small, half-open, fleshy flowers are

raC k h ' S «• fa “ downward. The sepals am flashy and acute with the

toce surrm n T T ^ mci - sem '°*icular petals are proportionately

1 " P - ^ ‘ he apCX ° f Which ^ pe-

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

STELIS OF

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ft*

MM I 3 HIM ?!5IUH!

STELIS OF ECUADOR

133

Morona-Santiago: along new road between Macas and Guamote, alt. 2300 m, 2 Mar. 2001, C. Liter, J.

Luer & A. Hirtz 19615 (Holotype: MO).

Loja: between Yangana and Valladolid, J.E. Madsen 85670 (AAU, SEL).

This rare and elegant species, apparently restricted to southeastern Ecuador is

most closely related to the widely distributed and relatively frequent S. aviceps. It

differs from the latter by thrice larger, flat flowers. The broadly ovate synsepal is

shallowly concave centrally with margins of both sides recurved. The petals are

large with the flat margins sharply defined. The dorsum of the lip is acutely de-

flexed so that the bar is thin between the dorsum and anterior surface, creating a

narrowly triangular profile.

134

IOONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

135

136

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Rg. 114. Stelis luteola

Fig. 119. Stelis propagans

138

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 120. Stelis scaphoglossa

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

139

r&Hirtz, sp.nov.

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

OF ECUADOR

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

slid

147

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

OF ECUADOR

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Mi!

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

OF ECUADOR

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

OF ECUADOR

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

mm\ 314 Hit!

PLEUROTH ALLIDIN ARUM

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

OF ECUADOR

OF ECUADOR

mu

171

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

176

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 133. Stelis berraejoensis

178

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

. 137

Fig. 138. Stelis calyptrata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

179

180

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Fig. 146. Stelis condorensis

Rg. 145. Stelis clusaris

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

181

Fig. 148. Stelis cotyligera

182

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Fig. 153. Stelis esmeraldae

Fig. 153a. Stelis esmeraldae

184

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

185

Fig. 165.

186

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 187

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 180. Stelis pisit

190

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

198

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 177.

SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EPIBATOR

(ORCHIDACEAE)

201

.Fig. 1.

..Fig. 2.

..Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

205

SYSTEMATICS OF OPH1DION (ORCHIDACEAE)

The genera Ophidion and Zootrophion were segregated simultaneously from

Cryptophoranthus Barb.Rodr. in 1982, because of vegetative and floral differences.

The first of the four species included in Ophidion to be described was published by

Kranzlin as C. pleurothallopsis in 1925 from a collection near Medellin, Colombia,

by Lehmann. The species was described again from the same area by Garay in

1970 as C. auriculatus. Three additional species were described in 1980 and 1981.

Vegetatively, the genus is characterized by ramicauls shorter than the elliptical

leaves. The racemose inflorescence emerges laterally from the ramicaul with an

annular ring. The raceme is weak, drooping, loosely and successively flowered.

The tip or apical portion of the dorsal sepal is connate to the apical portion of the

boatlike synsepal, so that lateral openings to the interior of the flower are provided.

Connation of the apex of the dorsal sepal to the apex of the synsepal has evolved

independently several times in the Pleurothallidinae. Most notable are the species

attributed to Pleurothallis section Cryptophoranthus, Pleurothallis alexii A.H.

Heller, P. crinita Barb.Rodr., P. jalapensis (Kraenzl.) Garay, P. tribuloides (Sw.)

Lindl., and the genera Epibator Luer, Ophidion, and Zootrophion.

The most distinguishing feature of Ophidion is the morphology of the propor¬

tionately large lip. It is superficially similar to that of Restrepia Kunth with a

blade-like epichile and a concave hypochile, except that the lateral lobes of the

hypochile are auriculate instead of narrowly acute or hair-like. As in Restrepia, the

base of the hypochile is inflexibly and thickly connate to the pedestal-like column-

foot, so that the lip is held rigidly within the cavity of the synsepal, nearly filling it.

Also similar to Restrepia, the column of Ophidion is slender, semiterete, thickened

toward the apex with a hooded anther and stigma. The column-foot is thick or

pedestal-like with the apex of the ovary. The pair of obovoid pollinia is provided

with a minute viscidium.

6666

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUR0THALUD1NAE

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

209

Fig. 4. Ophidion pleurothallopsis

211

SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS ZOOTROPHION

(ORCHIDACEAE)

A history of the genus Zootrophion Luer is given and thegenus is^described.

Zootrophion beloglottis (Schltr.) Luer, comb. nov.

Zootrophion lappaceum Luer & R.Escobar, sp. nov.

Zootrophion niveum Luer & Him, sp. nov.

Zootrophion vasquezii Luer, sp. nov.

The first species of the genus to be described was a cultivated plant imported

from Jamaica that Professor Lindley attributed to Specklinia as S. airopurpurea in

1836. He reduced it to Pleurothallis six years later. Dubbed the “Windowed

Masdevallia,” Hooker described another collection from Jamaica as M. fenestrata

(Lindley in ed.) in the Botanical Magazine in 1845 (not to be confused with the later

Cryptophoranthus fenestratus by Barbosa Rodrigues). He characterized the _ s P^ ,es

“with the sepals united below and at the apex, leaving a small space much below

the apex, which is open and window-like; the whole representing the head of a bird,

with a perforation where the eyes should be.” ...

The next three species with similar "eyes" were Andean m ongrn and descnW

by Professor Reichenbach in 1875.1878 and 1880 as Masdevallm graclema. M.

hypodiscus and M. dayana respectively. . ...__

Meanwhile in Brazil in 1877, Barbosa Rodrigues described pleuro,h *£ cryp .

tantha and R fenestra,a, both species with flowers also with la eral windows b

1882. he proposed the genus

pane,a,as as a thrrd member but tatoh« -da reduced Cryptophor-

fenestrata was designated the lectotype in

anthus to Pleurothallis in Genera Plantarum in 1883. , rrvntonhor-

In 1887, two years before Reichenbach's death, RoHe

anthus by transferring Lindley's first species and Re ' ch ““ ^ Bn J^So

from Masdevallia to Cryptopharanthus subsequently added to

doubt Reichenbach was annoyed. The Century were a mixed lot. The

“pifiedby the Brazilian

by a ramicaul that is much shorter than a ^ uy eme rges from the ramicaul

by two or three thin, tubular shearhs. ^"^“cful. The flowers form

without an annular ring near or below the mi the synse pal. The

lateral windows with the apex the interior of the flower, is

petals are obovate or spathulate. The lip, pubescent and

triangular or sagittate and hinged to the column-foot. The ovaries

terete, not lamellate-crested.

S ia is s S

SYSTEMATICS OF ZOOTROPHION 213

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN ZOOTROPHION

Z. alvaroi (Garay) Luer......fig. 1.

Z. argus (Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl.) Luer...Fig. 2.

Z. atropurpureum (Lindl.) Luer.Fig. 3.

Z. beloglottis (Schltr.) Luer. Fig 4

Z. dayanum (Rchb.f.) Luer.Fig. 5., 6.

Z. dodsonii (Luer) Luer...Fig. 7.

Z. endresianum (Kraenzl.) Luer.......Fig. 8.

Z. gracilentum (Rchb.f.) Luer..................Fig. 9.

Z. griffin Luer. ......._........._JPig. 10.

Z hirtzii Luer & Hirtz = Epibator hirtzii

Z. hypodiscus (Rchb.f.) Luer .. .. ..... Fig. 11.

Z. lappaceum Luer & R.Escobar.Fig. 12.

Z. leonii D.E. Bennett & Christenson.no material available

Z. niveum Luer & Hirtz.... .1% 13.

Z. oblongifolium (Rolfe) Luer....—.Fig. 14.

Z. serpentinum Luer & Hirtz = Epibator serpentinus

Z. trivalve (Luer & Escobar) Luer......Rg. 15.

Z. vasquezii Luer.......Rg. 16,

Z. vulturiceps (Luer) Luer...........-Fig-17.

Z. williamsii Luer....—........ Rg* 18*

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN CRYPTOPHORANTHUS

ATTRIBUTABLE TO ZOOTROPHION

C. alvaroi Garay

C. argus Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl.

C. atropurpureus (Lindl.) Rolfe

C. beloglottis Schltr.

C. dayanus (Rchb.f.) Rolfe

C. dodsonii Luer

C. endresianus Kraenzl.

C. gracilentus (Rchb.f.) Rolfe

C. hologlottis sphalm.

C. hypodiscus (Rchb.f.) Rolfe

C. lehmannii Rolfe = Z dayanum

C. lepidotus L.O.Williams = Z gracilentum

C. moorei Rolfe = Z hypodiscus

C. oblongifolius Rolfe

C. rolfeanus Kraenzl. = Z hypodiscus

C. schenckii Cogn. = Z atropurpureum

C. trivalvis Luer & Escobar

C. vulturiceps Luer

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALUA

ATTRIBUTABLE TO ZOOTROPHION

dayana Rchb.f.

fenestrata Lindl. ex Hook.

gracilenta Rchb.f.

hypodiscus RchbX ^ ^ been published in PUurothallis and SpecUinia)

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BSS'IH£

ISM'! I

SYSTEMATICS OF ZOOTROPHION

SYSTEMATICS OF ZOOTROPHION

> was the subject of the painting t

Fig. 1. Zootrophion alvaroi

Fig. 2. Zootrophion argus

SYSTEMATICS OF ZOOTROPHION

229

Fig. 5. Zootrophion dayanum

Fig. 6. Zootrophion dayanum

230 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 10. Zootrophion griffin

SYSTEMATICS OF ZOOTROPHION

231

232

IOONES PLEUROTHALLIDIN ARUM

233

MISCELLANEOUS >

DRACULA, LEPANTHES, OC

PORROGLO

:iES IN BRACHIONIDIUM.

, PLATYSTELE, PLEUROTHALUS,

ID MASDEVALUA

Porroglossum eduardii

240

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 3. Dracula mendozae

Fig. 4. Lepanthes rigidigitata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

241

Fig. 7. Pleurothallis erectiflora

242

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMAT1CS OF

243

244

(796a)

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 660. Masdevallia aptera

246

U146a)

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 661. Masdevallia leathersii

mi!

SYSTEMATICS

248

(470a)

IOONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 662. Masdevallia lynniana

250 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

(764a)

Fig. 663. Masdevallia ostaurina

Fig. 664. Masdevallia proboscoidea

HnmnR

'fuer?K’(^ q tdZgfa22:

WMf

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE

263

PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE

265