i CONTENTS

: | Pleurothallis alvaroi Frontispiece

Subgenus Pleurothallis 1-2

a Key to sections and subsections of subgenus Pleurothallis 2

Section Abortivae 3

Section Truncatae 2

Section Pleurothallis Subsection Acroniae 5-36

Key to the species of subsection Acroniae 8-10

: Descriptions of species of series Acroniae 11-24

q Descriptions of species of series Amphygiae 24-36

a Subsection Pleurothallis 27

Key to species of subsection Pleurothallis 38

Descriptions of species of subsection Pleurothallis 39-46

Illustrations of species 47-62

Index to the species of Acroniae 63

Subgenus Dracontia 65

List of the species of Dracontia 67

Key to the species of Dracontia 67-68

Descriptions of species of Dracontia 69-79

s Illustrations of species of Dracontia 80-84

Index to the species of Dracontia Qs

Subgenus Unciferia Q7

List of the species of Unciferia 89

Key to the species of Unciferia 90

Descriptions of species of Unciferia 91-97

Illustrations of species of Unciferia 98-100

Index to the species of Unciferia 101

Addenda to previously published taxa 103-121

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR ALL PARTS

I could not possibly thank all the numerous persons who directly or indirectly

aided me over the past 25 years in gathering the information presented here.

However, a few do come to mind. I thank especially Rodrigo Escobar for help in

Colombia, Alexander Hirtz for help in Ecuador, Roberto V4squez for help in Boli-

via, Dan Nicolson for taxonomic advice, and Amy Scheuler McPherson for proof-

reading. I also thank all the herbaria that made their iter available to me,

especially AMES, BM, BR, G, K, NY, US, and W for repeated vis

I must also acknowledge the most valuable support of the Plenmothallid Alliance

and those members who made the inking of many of the illustrations in this publica-

tion possible. Many of the illustrations are recent inkings by Stig Dalstrém of

pencil drawings made over a 25-year period. Without this support I alone could not

have completed the inkings.

eS a en ee

alvaroi Luer & Escobar, a native of Antioquia, Colombia, cultivated

at Colomborqufdeas, El Retiro, Colombia, photographed by Rodrigo Escobar.

AL ed

ehh ee te 8 ee

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS SECTIONS ABORTIVAE,

TRUNCATAE AND PLEUROTHALLIS SUBSECTIONS ACRONIAE

AND AMPHYGIAE (ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

Sections Abortivae 1 d Truncatae Luer and subsections Acroniae Luer

and Pleurothallis of sub Pleourntiotise R.Br. eect

Akeyt ah as sa cf Di} L Py RY Al tr +h *

the subsections are given. Each species is described and ill i with a black

and white drawing.

Taxa et stat. nov.:

Pleurothallis subsect. Antenniferae Luer, subsect. nov.

Pleurothallis subsect. we ane Lex, oeages nov.

Pleurothal lis cleistogama Luer, sp. no

thalli.

Pleurothallis anion Luer, sp. nov.

The genus Pleurothallis was proposed by Robert Brown in 1813 and based on a

collection from Martinique described by Jacquin in 1760 as Epidendrum ruscifoli-

um. Today, 2045 epithets are recorded as having been attributed to the genus.

Possibly as many as 1500 are valid. As presently conceived, the genus is divided

into 29 subgenera (Luer, 1986).

Subgenus Pleurothallis is characterized by a semiterete, wingless and toothless

column with an apical, unhooded anther and an apical or subapical stigma. Among

the other subgenera with a similar column are: Aenigma (Icones Pleurothallidinar-

um XI), Ancipitia (Icones Pleurothallidinarum VI), Crocodeilanthe (Icones Pleur-

othallidinarum XVI), Rhynchopera (Icones Pleurothallidinarum XVI) and Scopula

(Icones Pleurothallidinarum VI), as well as several small subgenera not yet treated

in an Icones Pleurothallidinarum since Icones Pleurothallidinarum III.

Subgenus Pleurothallis is further defined by well-developed ramicauls that are

not sharply compressed, an essentially free dorsal sepal, lateral sepals that are

completely connate into a synsepal, and a lip that is attached simply to an abbrevi-

ated or absent column-foot. Three sections, Pleurothallis and two unispecific sec-

tions, Abortivae and Truncatae, are recognized (Luer, 1988).

Section Pleurothallis is presently subdivided into six subsections: Acroniae,

Antenniferae, Longiracemosae, Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, Macrophyllae-Race-

mosae and Pleurothallis. All are closely related, sometimes with be nti

boundaries and intermediate species. The differences rely only on key characters

Each ambiguous species is identified and explained.

9 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SECTIONS AND SUBSECTIONS

OF SUBGENUS PLEUROTHALLIS

1 Leaf petiolate 9

1” Leaf sessile 3

2 Inflorescence shorter than the leaf; synsepal not cucullate, petals narrow, gla-

brous; lip without basal lobes subsect. Pleurothallis

2’ Inflorescence shorter or longer than the leaf: synsepal cucullate, petals glabrous

or denticulate; lip rounded with retrorse basal lobes

subsect. Macrophyllae-Racemosae

3 Inflorescence single-flowered 4

3 Tr fl 6

4 Lip vestigial beneath a much larger, terete coh sect. Abortivae

4’ Lip well-developed ... 5

5 Flowers usually resupinate, usually long-pedicellate; petals prominent, often

ne and sigmoid; lip triangular and acute with the basal angles some-

times lobe-like; column semiterete.... ---.Subsect. Acroniae series Amphygiae

5’ Flowers resupinate or non-resupinate, “usually short-pedicellate; petals less

prominent, usually naa 3 thick, entire, usually obtuse; column distinctly

shorter and broader... ae .-Subsect. Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae

6 a et lip spherical with involute er inflexibly fixed to the base

suatesubuea seen omienesstseasinnedsonedivce sect. Truncatae

(OOOO w COLES See Se SESE SO esEE ELLs teste ces e

7 Flowers resupinate, usually long-pedicellate: synsepal shallowly concave; petals

prominent, often descending, sigmoid, Ciliate, fringed or pubescent; lip triangu-

lar and acute with the or sometimes lobe-like....

bsect. Acroniae series Acroniae

Y ay Flowers usually neo-pias, sor peti ae

cellate:

ak : eine concave; petals not A

Bees:

‘ae pendent; cucullate; petals broad or dilated, occasionally

rise lip round with retrorse, basal lobes, the disc usually prominently

“~rwsteconsnvsserenserensccessussetonaveressseeeceseese SUDSECE, Macrophyliae-Racemosae

ullate; petals ly linear to

sepa petals narrowly linear

i ho ie ps or basal lobes, "

FPP eres, eons

9 _ EN dirnsoharsnya tripe linear

* Lip ith : di tor plnge i ctnisceeties moran Antenniferae

seseeeesesessenseeess SUDSECE, ——

rl Oe DA ee aa yO eee ee See Se Sai ai amet ee Pn = ae Sh =

ot wits Paes sa eee PAR Reo eee ee ee) ee

=e F _ = a ee — :

a a aA a i re A ie ey

pad

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 3

SECTION ABORTIVAE

Pleurothallis subgen. Pleurothallis sect. Abortivae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 20:

57, 19

i Lae Pleurothallis abortiva Luer.

Ety.: From the Latin abortivus, ° “abortive,” referring to the absent column-foot.

The solitary species segregated into this section is superficially similar to the

single-flowered species of series Amphygiae of subsection Acroniae. It is distin-

guished from all other species of the subgenus by the small, vestigial lip and large,

terete, footless column.

Pleurothallis abortiva sing ance = ne 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin abortiv to the absent column-foot.

ao small, tk densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls arise erect, 7-11 cm long.

with a iddle and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly

ee acute, eae long, 0.7-1 cm aon cuneate below at th il fs se. Inflorescence a

fascicle of successive, single 1 flowers, » bome oe der peduncles 4-5 mm long, from a 1 spathe 3 mm long

2 Baaead long ; Sepa

yellow-green, lightly s suffused with cate minut utely wr within below the middle, the dorsal sepal

—— ae cymbiform, acute, concave, isaaions, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, S-weined, ras

late into a narrowly ovate, acute — convex below the middle,

middle, 5 obpmeny pee 4-veined; petals thick, narrowly linear-triangular, acute Same

ee ay ng, 0. 6mm wide, 3-veined, ip membran ranous, obovate, obtuse, glabrous, 1.6 mm long, 0.5 mm

dt o the base of the column; column stout,

wtiekie, 2.5 mm long, th h d sti

COLOMBIA: Nariiio: epiphytic in cloud forest at La Planada, above Ricaurte, alt. 1950 m, 2 Nov. 1979,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & K. Walter 4547 (Holotype: SEL).

A member of subgenus Pleurothallis because of the connate lateral sepals and a

terete column with an apical, unhooded anther and stigma, this species is treated in

a unispecific section. It is superficially similar to those of series Amphygiae of

subsection Acroniae with a fascicle of single flowers at the base of a narrow leaf. It

differs from all other species in the subgenus by the very small and membranous,

vestigial lip that clings to the undersurface of the much larger, cylindrical column

and simply attached to the base. Resembling eo species of Lepanthes, the lip is

attached to the base of a terete column without a

thallis abortiva Luer Fig. 1.

SECTION TRUNCATAE

Pleurothallis subgen. Pleurothallis sect. Truncatae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 20:

67, 1986.

Type: Pleurothallis truncata Lindl.

Ety.: From the Latin truncatus, “truncate,” referring to the shape of the lip when expanded

The solitary species segregated into this section is nppetiduilbe similar to the

numerous species of subsection Longiracemosae. It is distinguished from all other

species of the subgenus by the orbicular flower and an orbicular lip within, which is

formed by round, involute sides. The base of the lip is solidly united to the base of

a terete column with an apical anther and stigma.

Pieurothallis truncata os Soe Bot. Mag. 2: 355, 1836.

Ety.: ae the maniac’ .”’ probably referring to the lip.

os dl.) Kuntze, Rev Gen. Pl. 668, 1891.

Syn.: ee corazonica Schitr., io i Nov. sate be 14: 128, 1915.

Ety.: Named fo:

Syn.:

4 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant medium in si 1 iphyti li phyti , caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls erect to

suberect, often horizontal, slender, 10-45 cm long, with a close, tubular sheath below the middle and

Geae (eae take We es ee acute, slightl acuminate,

6-16 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, the b ded to shallowly cordate, sessile. In 1-3 distichous,

congested, simulta | fl j f small, suborbicular, bright orange flowers, 5-10

?. £ . oe +. - J. 1-2 cm long, lying P ek . £ ££. path

fleet. £1 Seay SP 1 8; F 4: 1s 1.5 mm long: ary 1.25 mm long; sepals fleshy, glabrous,

the dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, concave, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into

a deeply concave, ovoid, obtuse synsepal, 3 mm long, 3 mm wide unexpanded; petals thick, broadly

obovate, concave, obtuse, 1.75 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 1-veined; lip transversely 3-lobed, 1.75 mm

long, 1.75 mm wide ‘panded, 3 mm wid ded, the apex transversely shallo

the sides (lateral lobes) broadly d, in in th dline t globos ‘

truncate, inflexibly fixed to a rudimentary column-foot; column stout, semiterete, 1.25 mm long, the

anther and stigma apical.

As,

ADOR: Pichincha: Andes of Quito, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype: K); “Quito,” 1848, W. Jameson

s.n. (K); Andes of Quito, alt. 8,000 ft., 21 Jan. 1856, W. Jameson s.n. (AMES); “Quito,” W. Jameson

679 (AMES, BR); Calacali, alt. 2800-3000 m, 28 Nov. 1880, F.C. Lehmann 332 (W); lithophytic and

epiphytic, Sept. 1 A. Sodiro 6 (lectotype of P. corazonica BR); between

i alt. 2700 m, 20 Mar. 1979, B. Léjtnant & U. Molau 11257 (AAU, GB); same area

m, 27 Jan. 1982, G. Harling et al. 19905 (GB); between Tandapi and .

Molau & L. Ohman 1152 (AAU, GB). Bolfvar: west of Guaranda, alt. 2000 m, 26 Mar. 1984, C. Luer,

S. Dalstrim et al. 9731 (MO); at pass north of Chillanes, alt. 2650 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dal-

strém et al. 9716 (MO). C : i

1065

y ; 5 Zz & W.

Flores 9 (MO). El Oro: above Zaruma, alt. 1800 m, 1 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12569

(MO : northeast B

Eriksen 3143 (GB).

also spherical with broadly rounded sides incurved to meet in the midline. The lip

's Open at the tip, and with the bright orange color, it is no doubt hummingbird-

pollinated. Perhaps the solid unification of the lip to the base of the column prev-

ents detachment during 4 more boisterous mode of pollination.

Pleurothalllis truncata Lind.

COSCO eo etree eeeee COOP COR ee weet eS eteseeeeeeeeseees. Fig 2

Treatments of Pleurot

remaining four subsecti

—- Sect. Praras — Longiracemosae Luer, subsect. nov.

Pi _ Ra tor etree “with long racemes,” referring to the inflorescence.

ee ee canes Spat sansa 64, 1986, in part.

About 20 species constitute this subsection

AMS DUUGLUITL,

cain

Pee ee eae ee ne

ee ese Nie ea as

a) ta ee ee

Wee ee We

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 5

SUBSECTION ACRONIAE

— subgen. Pleurothallis sect. Pleurothallis subsect. Acroniae (Presl)

onogr. Syst. Bot. 20: a a

Bas.: Sluis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 103, 1

Type: Acronia phalangifera Presl, Rel. a 1: 104, 1827 = Pleurothallis phalangifera (Presl)

Rchb.f.

Ety.: From the Greek acron, “the summit, or we — an obvious reference, possibly referring

to the long, apical inflorescence, or the apical

Plants perennial, small lly epiph

icauls erect to suberect, terete, elongate, 1 non-pseu eudobulbou go ai with a Sloe og eo

lar sheath below the middle and 1-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, suberect or spreading, co

ceous, smooth, narrowly or broadly elliptical to ovate, the apex acute to subacute, shallowly tied

subcordate or

with a mucro in the sinus, the base sessile, variously cuneate to rounded, cordate. Inflor-

ence racemose or single-flowered, usually long ‘pedicels, the 1 flowers Tesupinate, various variously colored,

L | 1 3 * 1 ,) ry £. Pp

UMViaiw cid! I S'

lining spathe; floral bracts thin, infundibul apie dna slender, usually much “exceed-

g . £1 ig, eae y tnvalyvate: senals ol. a us, mem branous. acute. subacute SOF ye gu to

etimec Mere th 4 1 z 1 al £. 1 thn 1

icity TIE into a flat or concave, but not deeply cucullate, ae mei cals ea

in en descending and sigmoid, ae to narrowly oblong, acut et © acuminate, usually ciliate, denticu-

late or tinged: lip trian triangular t rect, the base ee often into

rs] b4 | 1 5 sn tae dtc A hb f th column

COLUMII-1O oot;

Ww, flexibly OF Le.

a broad claw

terete, soar ire the anther sete and the ; stigma apical or pal pollinia 2, obovoid, with a

selbeaetoas aan is divided into two series. eden Acroniae consists of

those species with a racemose inflorescence. Series Amphigyae consists of the

species with a single-flowered inflorescence.

Acroniae series Acroniae Luer. recat 3: 134, 1988)

Type: Pleurothallis phalangifera (Presl) Rch

This series is characterized by a racemose inflorescence. Some species assigned

here have affinities with subsection Longiracemosae. They are distinguished from

the latter by usually long-pedicellate flowers; usually broader, ciliate, denticulate or

pubescent petals; and a lip without prolonged lateral lobes.

naronine series Amphigyae Luer, stat. nov.

.: Series Amphigyae Luer, nom. nudum, Lindleyana 3: 134, 1988.

oe Pleurothallis amphigya Luer & Escobar.

Inflorescentia uniflora longipedicellata.

This series is characterized by a single-flowered, long-pedunculate inflores-

cence. Some species assigned here have affinities with subsection —

Fasciculatae, which is best distinguished by a short, stout column usually broade

than long, instead of terete and usually longer than wide. One species, P. ponin

lonae, occasionally bears a second flower in a loose, two-flowered raceme.

6 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The first species of subsection Acroniae was described as Acronia phalangifera

by Presl in 1827 in a unispecific genus. No other species was ever attributed to the

genus. Reichenbach transferred the solitary species to Pleurothallis in 1862. In the

meantime, Lindley had described this same species as P. mathewsii in 1836 from an

Ecuadorian collection by Matthews, as P. bogotensis in 1846 from a Colombian

collection by Linden, and as P. decurva in 1859 from an Ecuadorian collection by

Jameson. Lindley treated P. phalangifera in section M phyllae-Racemosae.

The only other species attributable to subsection Acroniae described before the

twentieth century are P. luctuosa and P. supervacanea by Reichenbach. In Sys-

tematics of Pleurothallis (Luer, 1986), 24 species closely related to the above two

were brought together in subsection Acroniae of section Pleurothallis.

Subsection Acroniae, now more narrowly defined with 46 species, is character-

ized by a caespitose habit with well-developed ramicauls that are usually longer

than the leaf. The inflorescence is terminal at the base of the leaf, either racemose

or single-flowered, the basis upon which two series are defined. Racemose species

are usually long-pedicellate; single-flowered species are usually long-pedunculate.

The flowers are basically similar and usually resupinate. As in the other subsec-

tions, the dorsal sepal is free from the laterals, and the lateral sepals are always

completely connate into a synsepal more or less similar to the dorsal sepal. The

petals are prominent, membranous and broad (wit! ceptions), frequently descend-

ing and sigmoid in Outline, and often ciliate, denticulate, fringed or pubescent.

With one exception (P. nox-media), the lip is triangular or trilobed with the lobes

selageeg of basal angles) more or less incurved or erect, not prolonged into lateral

- The Apex Is acute, or apiculate if obtuse. A variously developed glenion (a

column-foot. The column is semiterete, usually short, and the anther and stigma are

on : : ste

ie st transv bilobed. The pair of ovoid pollinia possesses a

a beeen: wee is distinguished from subsection Acroniae by short

Owers with spreading petals that |

ick med. i y towand the ape are narrow and glabrous, and often

whats _ Single-flowered Subsection Macrophyllae-F asciculatae is distin-

silk ae eae of Subsection Acroniae by peduncles usually hidden

spathe, and usually short Pedicels; entire, fringed or pubescent petals that

atis oblong or transverse; and a shorter,

and stigma that is almost always bilobed.

hed

: © commonly decurved or nd

entire petals (with f Pendent; a cucullate synsepal; large,

i pte deal pots) that are often thickened; and a more or less

the di

inate, short-pedice

the leaf, and entire, glabrous, reading pene usually erect racemes longer than

by the lip with distinct or eae § Petals. Subsection Antenniferae is defined

the lip without lateral lobes. uleral lobes, Subsection Longiracemosae, by

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 7

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALLIS

REFERABLE TO SUBSECTION ACRONIAE

Series Acroniae

Pleurothallis alvaroi Luer & Escobar Fig. 3.

Pleurothallis apoxys Luer = P. supervacanea

Pleurothallis bogotensis Lindl.= P. phalangifera

Pleurothallis cooperi Schitr. = P. dentipetala

Pleurothallis cucullata Ames = P. rowleei

Pleurothallis dentipetala Rolfe ex Ames Fig. 4., Fig. 5.

dukei Luer. Fig. 6.

Pleurothallis gomezii Luer & Escobar Fig. 7.

hammellii Luer Fig. 8.

Pleurothallis r Luer Fig. 9.

Pleurothallis ineziae =a = P, phalangifera

pl thallj languida Lt -_ Fig. 10.

Pl thallis | Hata Ames & C.Schweinf. Fig. 11.

Pleurothallis lopezii Luer & Escobar Fig. 12.

llis luctnosa Rchbf Fig. 13.

Pleurothallis mathewsii Lindl. = P. phalangifera

Pleurothallis nasuta Schitr. = P. phalangifera

Ple urothallis — Luer & Escobar Fig. 14.

Pl tl Luer Fig. 15.

Pleurothallis phalangifera (Presl) Rchb.f. Fig. 16.

4 Pleurothallis polysticta Luer Fig. 17.

4 Pleurothallis dm ney eel P. rowleei

3B Fig. 18

: Pleurothallis sanluisii oer Fig. 19.

| Pleurothallis schnitteri Schitr. = P. ee

od Pleurothallis stalkyi Luer = P. sanluis

= Pleurothallis stelidiformis Schltr. = P. ores

; Pleurothallis stevensii Luer = P. dentipetala

Pleurothallis stricta Luer & Escobar Fig. 20.

ba Pleurothallis supervacanea Rchb.f. Fig. 21.

| Pl thallis try Luer Fig. 22

4 Pleurothallis vieirae Luer & Escobar Fig. 23

: Pleurothallis volcanica Luer Fig. 24.

: ) Pleurothallis werneri Schitr. = P. phalangifera

4 Series Amphygiae

a Pleurothallis allenii L.O. Williams Fig. 25

: Pleurothallis amphigya Luer & Escobar Fig. 26., Fig. 27.

: Pl li Li Fig. 28

Pleurotallts arachnion ae = P, quadricaudata

4 Luer Fig. 29.

: . Pleurothallis bucranon Luer & Hirtz Fig. 30

4 Pleurothallis cauda-phocae Luer & Hirtz Fig. 31.

Pleurothallis forceps-cancri Luer & Escobar Fig. 32.

Pleurothallis fugax Luer & Escobar Fig. 33

: Pleurothallis glochis Luer & Escobar Fig. 34,

8 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

éhalit A lata Foldats Fig. 35.

Pleurothalls habenuia Laer & Escobar Fig. 36.

rayon aD Fig. 37.

Pleurothallis orecta ee & Escobar Fig. 38.

Pleurothallis pseudopogon Luer & Hirtz Fig. 39.

Pleurothallis quadricaudata Schit. Fig. 40

1 Luer Fig. 41.

Pleurothalsramesi Ler eee

gittilabia Luer Fig. 43.

Pleurothallis simulans 1_O Willjamc Fig. 44,

Pleurothallis sobrina Luer & Hirtz Fig. 45.

Pleurothallis somnolent Fig. 46.

Pleurothallis stevensonii Luer Fig. 47.

Pleurothallis tetrachaeta Luer & Hirt: Fig. 48.

i tipuloides Luer Fig. 49.

Pleurothallis wigginsii C Schweinf. . Fig. 50.

KEY TO THE alana OF SUBSECTION ACRONIA

| Inflorescence racemose ..

I” Inflorescence single-flowered ... =

Series AC

: Raceme successively a 3

Raceme simultaneously few- to many-flowered .... 4

3 Lip with low, obtuse, basal angles flankin

'g the column..... P. imi

P Bsns! tecgercr a Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, but 2-flowered) wig

rounded, basal angles embracing th j

(ianilar to sexies daiiesied ena ig e column P. dukei

4 Petals smooth (sim

«Peek ti ni = — ineaieeamn >

: ies es oan

5 ace m ee rE: gy SESH C Se SE eS es, 6

uch eae ri floral eae eiaaai 7

6 Raceme longer than the leaf:

€ Ries ios leaf; petals narrow............. P. tryssa

shorter the leaf Petals large and broad... P. hammellii

7 UF ee nee fagar> oe re ercscetpreeneegverieenntnzernens P. polysticta

sone Sores eeseses Serres eee 8

8 Petals small,

8° rn a de via basal lobes...

9 Lip thick, oblong, convex, round

(similar to subgenus Achiomcees APT ital

> Lip triangular, or obtusely an angled.

obtuse, basal angles... oe

Se Oercesessces

‘Te eseee So ee wesee esses esses es.

...P. volcanica

ane P. vieirae

....P. nox-media

10 Lip with

0’ Lip with aeue the mares cera. Wiegand

+89 * Sette eeeee. dade tet

‘eee: eee eesee So Ces eessee

nected. SOpeTi

! Lip oblong-ovate,

ir Lip die rhoneacnorneenr

near, below the middle. o: or at the base eh ee 13

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 9

12 Sepals and petals narrowly acuminate P. supervacanea

12’ Sepals and petals ovate, acute P. alvaroi

13 Petals curved upward from synsepal, denticulate only on basal fourth ...

P. languida

13’ Petals not curved upward from synsepal, most of margins denticulate

14 Lip with short, acute, apical lobe, disc with a conical callus at the base

P. sanluisii

14’ Lip not with a basal, conical callus

15 Lip broadly ovate, obtuse, apiculate P. pallida

15’ Lip more or less triangular with lobe-like basal ang] 16

16 Sepals broadly obtuse 17

16’ Sepals acute or acuminate 18

17 Pedicels much longer than the floral bract P. longipedicellata

17’ Pedicels about as long as the floral bract P. dentipetala

18 Leaves less than 1 cm wide P. luctuosa

18’ Leaves more than 2 cm wide 19

19 Sepals more than 25 mm long P. phalangifera

19’ Sepals 10-15 mm long 20

20 Leaves 15-30 cm long P. gomezii

20’ Leaves 5-12 cm long 21

21 Lip triangular, acute, with rounded basal lobes.................ecsssessssessseesseres P. stricta

21’ Lip triangular- -trilobed, a a |) P. rowleei

Series Amphygiae

22 Petals smooth (similar to subsect. Long ) 23

22’ Petals variously denticulate 27

23 Lip with distinct, large, basal lobes and a small, apical lobe..................ssseeeeee+ 24

23’ Lip not distinctly 3-lobed 26

24 Lip with disc convex, anterior lobe denticulate, apiculate............... P. sist

24’ Lip with a callus above the base

25 Lip with the anterior lobe ovate, acute P. ramosii

25’ Lip with the anterior lobe oblong, recurved...............sssessssssesseressseseeeeeees P. lobata

26 Sepals acuminate; lip obtuse with acuminate apiculum P. stevensonii

26’ Sepals ovate, not acuminate; lip triangular.

27 Leaves narrowly ovate, narrowly cuneate at the base 28

27’ Leaves ovate, broadly cuneate, round or cordate at the base 32

28 Lip triangular with acute apex and basal a disc with a curved callus above

the base (similar to subsect. l]atae) P. “nee

8’ Lip more or less triangular with broad, basal lobes..

10 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lip with the spiculate, fimbriate 30

oo Lip neither spiculate nor fimbriate 31

30 Lip uppermost, obtuse with the margin thick, cise Rt a ne P. similans

30° Lip lowermost, with a bilobed callus, the apex ACUIC...........-.-sesesseesseees P. allenii

31 red transverse, apex broadly obtuse, apiculate, disc with a conical a viet

the base

31’ Lip subtrilobed subacute, disc without a call PF. pene

32 Sepals acuminate, attenuate, with tails ca. 3 sic longer than the blade.. or

32° Sepals not with tails ca. 3 times longer than the bl

33 igmoid, acuminate, not | ttenuat P. amphygia

33° Petals long-attenuate, as the sepals . 34

34 Lip with acute, antrorse to uncinate, basal lobes, glenion large

34° Lip with obtuse basal lob

P. quadricaudata

35° Lip 5 mm long, basal lobes erect, denticullate..............sssessesssseee--P. tipuloides

35° Lip 2 mm long, with low, rounded, basal angles... __.P. tetrachaeta

36 Petals with apices narrowly acuminate 37

36° Petals with apices not narrowly acuminate 38

37 Lip witha a prominent, bilobed 1 p

aad ~ . cauda-phocae

37° Lip without a bilobed P. forceps-cancri

38 Petals large, sigmoid, decurved

38 Petals not large, sigmoid, decurved 42

ae with rounded basal lobes

39” Lip not with large, sete an than the apical lobe.................. FP. me

pe Lip triangular with narrowly rounded basal anol ;

40° Lip with acute, werkt ean aaa ee

41 Lip with basal lobes broad, antrorse, acute

41° Lip with basal lobes narrowly uncinate.... aie

42 Petals broadl

no y me lobia osc

pa Stemi nerd narrow claw, with basal lobes narrowly rounded ...

a not dfleed ab above a a a short claw. with h basa lobes broadly sn ‘haben

stteeeeeesane weiesaecds P. glochis

44 Lip eid CPD ans lobes above the claw

44° Lip wit =: “ho Shaan Pa es neem oy gracilipedunculata

45 Lip acute, deflexed abo

45° Lip ve the claw with retrorse lobes . P. wigginsti

obtuse, fringed, deflexed above the claw without lobes... - nel

ss So

en ee ee ep eee eS ee

Se ee ee ee Se eT

”

a i ll ti

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 11

SERIES ACRONIAE

Pleurothallis alvaroi Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 14: 122, 1981.

= Named in honor of Sr. Alvaro wien of Medellin, Colombia, who had cultivated this species.

siz the rhizome — up to 1

cm between amicus: senig sleodet — stout, erect, 10-18 cm long, , enclosed below iddle

erect, coriaceous, ovate, acute, lightly snuiaie

12- 20 cm long, 4-5. .. cm wide, the base sessile, broadly cuneate. Inflorescence a loose, distichous,

simultaneous ly several flowered raceme e 14-20 cm m long including the peduncle 7-9 cm long, subtended

pk 8; infundibular. aif cm long; pedicels 10-13 cm sane

hi le-brown, membranous, glabrous, th

eH ovate, npr obo obtuse, 13- 15 m mm oan 61 mm vide, itr the lateral t

ovate, obtuse, cymbiform lamina, 12-15 mm long, 8 mm wide unexpanded, 4-(6-)veined: sil colored

as the sepals, narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, with the margins erose-fimbriate, 11-12 mm long, 3 mm

wide, 3-veined; lip ‘ages or donee mottled with purple, neg acl thick, with the margins erect

and rounded below the with € apex acute, 7 mm g, 3.5 mm wide the disc with a ee

rounded calli below the pare the b

stout, 3 mm long, the anther and stigma apical, ‘the foot thick, checkescet.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: without collection data, flowered in cultivation in Medellin by A. ee 19

Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2088 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: JAUM), without locality, flowered in cultiv.

Hamburg, probably collected near Medellin by G. ina Sn. Ww); forest near Santo oye alt. it. 2000

m, cxiflecied by E. Valencia, Aug. 1988, flowered i y 1993, C.

Luer 16645 (MO).

The first collection of this species, presumably near Medellin by Wallis, was

mixed in Reichenbach’s herbarium with a collection of a similar species by Patin,

also from near Medellin. Reichenbach’s handwriting indicates the latter as the type

of P. supravacanea. A hydrated flower reveals that it is the same species that was

described as P. apoxys in 1981, but a hydrated flower from the other collection by

reveals that it is P. alvaroi.

Proust alvaroi is apparently endemic in the Central Cordillera of Colom-

bia in the vicinity of Medellin. It is distinguished by the large, sessile, ovate leaf

borne by a well-developed ramicaul, and a loose raceme of relatively large flowers.

The color varies from yellow to purple. It is similar to P. supervacanea both vege-

tatively and florally, but distinguished from the latter by the broader, narrowly

obtuse sepals, broader petals, and an ovate lip with a pair of small, central calli

instead of intramarginal calli of the lateral lobes, and without the transverse callus

above the base.

the Latin dentipetalus, “wi tate petals,”’ referring t

Syn.: Pleurothallis prot Rolfe, nomen nudum

Syn.: Pleurothallis veaneticets Schitr., » Repert. Spec. ae hill Veg. Beih. 19: 195, Nov. 1923.

Pleurothallis ae es Rolfe ~ —_ Sched. Orchid. 3: 7, Jan. 1923.

Ety.: From to the petals.

Sis Pleurothallis cooperi Schitr., Recent. mee. Nov. Regni ‘ Beih. 19: 286, Nov. 1923.

Ety.: Named in honor of a Mr. Cooper who collected the species

8 Pleurothallis stevensti Luet, see 5: 181, 1979.

Plant medium in size to large, ‘ittiadiwaiee sa Pp

erect, 10-30 cm long, enclosed nat Bie the middle ao by acl fitting, tubular eae pe 2- 23 ahs aN at

the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ovate, acute, 7-17 cm ng 3. a 10 cm wide, the base sessile, broadly

cuneate to rounded. : many-flowered,

i 10 duncle 4-8 cm long, subtended by a reclin-

tiga 1.5-3 Fi ae Musi tents thin, eae - 3 mm long; pedicels 1. a 3 mm long; ovary

12 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1s 1 Se Bek rE -.. ; glabrous, the di 1 F bh dly te t hash: lar

obtuse, deeply concave, 4-5 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, unexpanded, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate

into a broadly ovate, obtuse, deeply concave synsepal, 4-4.5 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide unexpanded, 2-

: rose, ellipti ique, subacute ith the margins erose to fimbriate, 4.5-

5 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, l-veined; lip rose, ovate-subtrilobed, thick, more or less minutely erose,

cs : a = + a | Po SAAL A al. sh 5 AA a the Xx

Weitit

he marg y , ape

acute, 3-3.5 long, 2-2.25 mm wide across the basal lobes, the disc with a glenion at the base, the

7 2 4 4 ah Pe See As. +. Ih? fant column

green, semiterete,

stout, 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apical, the foot thick, obsolescent.

COSTA RICA: without locality, flowered in cultivation at Kew, Sept. 1918, obtained from C.H. Lan-

kesier s.n. (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: K). Alajuela: Santiago de San Ramén, alt. 1075 m, Nov. 1921,

A.M. Brenes 150 (holotype of P. stelidiformis destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: CR; isolecto-

type: NY); d is de los Carranzao, near the Potrerilleson San Ramon, 1869, A. Endres 148

(W), La Palma de San Ramén, alt. 1050 m, 12 Nov. 1929, A.M. Brenes 129 (AMES); between San

Ramén and Balsa, alt. 1100 m, 12 Sept. 1979, D. Stevens 14253 (holotype of P. stevensii: SEL; isotype:

Monteverde Reserve, Rio Pefias valley, alt. 900 m, 27 Oct. 1984, W.A. Haber 791 (MO); La

ma, alt. 1400-1550 m, flowered in cultivation at UC, 3 Dec. 1966, collected by C. Horich s.n.

. US); R F | de San Ramé dero Mi , alt. 800-1000 m, 2 Nov. 1986,

Herrera, V. Mora & D. Herndndez 170 (CR, MO). Reserva Forestal, SE of Cariblanco on SW slope

of Rio Sarapiqui canyon, alt. 760-800 m, 19 Nov. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 724 (AMES, CR,

F, K, MO, SEL). Cartago: region around Cartago, Cooper s.n. (holotype of P. cooperi presumably

at B; lectotype here designated: AMES 31255); Paraiso, Orosi, Tapanti, alt. 1300 m, 15 Dec.

1992, C. Ballestero 3 (CR, K).

This large species is variable and fairly frequent in central Costa Rica. The

rather dense raceme of small, purplish flowers is shorter than the sessile leaf. The

dorsal sepal and similar synsepal are suborbicular and deeply concave. The petals

are proportionately large with a margin that varies from minutely erose to coarsely

fimbriate. The triangular lip is acute with erect basal angles.

os Fs

dukei Luer, Lindleyana 12: 45, 1997

Ety: Named in honor of J.A. Duke who collected this species

itiectarinee size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 8-17 cm long,

ceous, ovate, acute 5s and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, coria-

ive, emt, bots thea ee sessile, rounded. Inflorescence a fascicle of a

2.5-3 em long eee ~ (to 3-?)flowered racemes, 4-5 am long including the filiform emg

na i f, 2.5 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals color not noted, but appears to

Fede rots the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 2.5-

Pals connate into an ovate, obtuse, concave synsepal, 3-4.5

minutely petals spotied, oblong, acute, 2-3.5 mm long, 1.2-1.8 mm wide, 3-

anterior lobe narrowly acute, the ek daedrapan 1.5-2.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide expanded, the

glenion; the base hinged to the column. f, ni rounded, concave, the disc with a well-developed

spical, the foot thick with the apex of the ovary, 0 | mum long, the anther and stigma

PANAMA: Darién: cloud f

Elias 13845 (Holenree “obama! Pirre, alt. 2,500-4,500 fi., 9-10 Aug. 1967, J.A. Duke & TS.

SEL). * GH, SEL, US); same data, J.A. Duke & TS. Elias 13731 (MO,

This species is apparen

guished fen nici of a Pes confined to easternmost Panama. It is distin-

flowered racemes borne in eeeoncn cic by a few, distantly and successively two-

bilabiate flowers, tmictibg «aii le, about half as long as the ovate leaf. The

similar to those of P. volcanj to the others of the subsection, are most closely

aa. a wn from the isthmus of Panama. The spotted

gins are serrulate. The three-lobed Pies instead of single-veined, and the mar-

and erect, rounded lip 1S very similar with the acute anterior lobe

basal lobes embracing the column,

ee ee ee Te

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 13

Pleurothallis gomezii Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 20: 62, 1996.

Tr. KI ; eT OE 8s. ree re a Pee oe, ae | Colombia

Cian POLies.

nt large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots numerous, slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 18-28 cm long,

Brice below by 2-3 tubular sheaths, . with purple; Leaf suberect to horizontal, coriaceous,

wide, th

ovate, acute, lightly acuminate, 18-21 cm long, 7-8 cm wi base sessile, broadly cuneate to subcor-

date. “ea eign ‘12 loose, ‘distichous, several fowered rane 11-13 cm long including the pedun-

cle 2-3 cm lon btended by a spathe 2-2.5 cm long; floral bracts thin, infun-

dibular, 3-4. 3 mm a pedicel : 3 ae og ovary 3 mm long; flowers more or less akopein poeoey

sepals yellow, membranous, glabrous, the al sepal ovate,

b iddle, concave below the middle, 12.5 mm long, 4. mm ae 3-veined,

the pte a connate into an ovate lamina, acuminate and concave above the middle, narrowly

obtuse, 12 mm long, 4.75 mm wide unexpanded, 4-veined; petals yellow, m ace ciliate, obliquely

ovate, subfalcate, ‘acute, long- -acuminate, Il mm long, . mm sins 3-veined; lip yellow, cuneate, thick,

gi e, 2.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, acutel

Pay » = A ts . #1 of. teh, 4

rudi-

y hinged to the

mentary column-foot, the disc with a age lion column stout, 2 mm long, the anther and stigma

apical, the foot thick with the apex of the co

COLOMBIA: Risaralda: Pueblo Rico, Alto de la Linea, alt. 2100 m, 11 May 1993, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.

(Holotype: MO).

Escobar &J fi hoor 1K IRO

Vegetatively, this large species resembles P. phalangifera, but the inflorescenc-

es are shorter than the leaves and the flowers are considerably smaller. The flowers

are more similar to those of P. rowleei Ames, but a little larger with acuminate

sepals and long-acuminate pe

Pleurothallis hammelii Luer, Lindleyana 12: 48, 1997.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Barry Hammel of the Missouri Botanical Garden who discovered this

species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls — erect, shorter than the leaf, 2-4

ne —— with 2 tubular ee about the base. Leaf se coriaceous, elliptical, acute, ss cm long, 1-

ie, the base cuneate, sessile. or suberect, loosely 3-

“ ae raceme, up to oe cm long including the er ae Py 5-1 cm long, apne “A by a spathe 5-9

mm long at the base of the leaf; floral bracts infundibular, 3 mm long; pedicels 4 mm long; ovary 3 mm

long; flowers described as ‘‘waxy yellow”; ; sepals Lamps i Sa dorsal sepal oo acute, 7 mm long,

3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral , 6.5 mm long, 4mm

wide, 4-veined: petals nearly as large, ovate, acute, 7. ae mm ce , 2.2) mm wide, , S-vemed, with the

veins s thickened t oward the apex; lip thick, Suldn , 2.25 mm m long, 1. 25 mm wide, '

gl obtuse, basal angled,

flat on the end, hinged to th lt foot; iteret , 1.5 mm long, the foot st Soak eres

of the ovary, the ances stell d stig p ical

PANAMA: Panama: ce in forest along the Llano-Carti road, alt. 1200 m, 13 Jan. 1978, B.

Hammel 868 (Holotype: S illustr. 16525.

This species is a from only one collection in eastern Panama. Although

the flowers are of the same basic pattern as the other species in the subsection, this

species is distinguished by the ramicaul slightly shorter than the elliptical leaf; a

short, simultaneously few-flowered raceme; dorsal sepal, synsepal and petals broad-

ly ovate, acute, more or less similar in shape and size; and an ovate lip with a broad,

transversely angled, truncate base.

14 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

imitor Luer, Luer, Lindleyana 11: eos 1996. ain ;

Bty.: From the Latin imifor, “an imitator,” re larity of the species to a species of

section Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, i ts slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 12-18 cm long,

synsepal, 11 mm long, 65 mm wide, 4-veined; petals entire, oblong-subfalcate, acute, 9 mm long, 1.5

porridge ie weber On 2.5 mm wide, the basal

claw,

i lia ies Jumn stout, terete, 2mm long, th d sti i 1, the foot thick,

——_ a7 i a

abbreviated.

CYYCTA DICA- Dent. ra Bl Sag 7 aN red tal divide. alt 1500 m, 6

Aug. sap aais Atwood & tater 8. ilo SEL Luer illustr. 17055.

This a single collection near the Monteverde Preserve.

With the cordate leaf and a basal, abbreviated inflorescence it appears to be a

member of section Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, but the flowers are produced either

singly or successively in a two-flowered raceme. The ovate, acute dorsal sepal and

the synsepal are similar. The petals are falcate-oblong, acute and three-veined. The

lip od sagittate and acute with a reflexed basal claw between erect, acute, basal

wm ai. pe... &

ideologia 21: 95, 1998.

a Prom Li lange “rie” ‘Soenmieaaan

Ment Uae. Se -

Ramicauls slender, erect, 10-13 cm long,

jwcciarear and 23 sheaths at the base; Leaf erect coriaceous, ovate, acute,

distantly flowe — cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, the base cuneate, sessile. Inflorescence an erect,

long a ea ices, — ral-flowered raceme, 8-15 cm long including the peduncle 4-5 cm

ea ie cts tubular, 6 mm long; pedicel arching, 7-8 mm long;

veins, membranous, : i the a F ition n, lightly suffused with brown 1 along tt the

ene aa the middle, 65 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the la ee

van slike, Sondenk esos fa he middl bel the middle, G5 nan tone, 28

wide at Guise Scud een, narrowly, subfalcate, acute, Jong-acuminate, 5.5 mm long, 1 mm

minutely erose below the ; lip light green, ovate, concave,

to the SS 2.5 mm long, 2 mm n wide expanded, —

stout, 1 mm long, the anther and igi ni 1 the fact thi-d-

COLOMBIA: Cauea: San Juan de Wikdades ok elt ala

ton at Colombonuideas, 23 May 1995, ap tilapia ad 1993, flowered in cultiva-

This i inenedi Holotype: Mi

tion Pi ep pt relative. It belongs a between subsec-

long pedicels, it is iene sae, but because of the proportionately

erect, distantly flowered The flowers droop on long, arching pedicels in an

come so that they are non-resupinate. The middle sepal

above the middle. The t petal © délow the middle, and acuminate and recurved

below the middle, cunuid. eae og da are narrowly falcate, denticulate

The lip is ovate, concave and obtuse.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 15

Pl thallis | licellata Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8: 27, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin | Keen “with long pedicels,” referring to the inflorescence.

Plant to larg » epiphytic, spi : lend r. Ramicauls slender, oo

erect, 10-35 cm | i hb iddle and 2-3

ong,

to erect, coriaceous, ovate, acute, ae acuminate, 10-15 oe 5-9 cm wide, the bas cordate,

sessile. Inflorescence a suberect to arching, lax, distichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 7-

11 cm long including the peduncle ca. 3 cm long, subtended by a reclining spathe 1.5-2.5 cm long, at the

base of the leaf; floral bracts 3-4 mm long; pedicels 8-18 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; sepals a

membrano' mx, @ateoms, the dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, slightly acum sigereaty ra mm long, 5 — de, 3-

vel rey th vate synsepal, 2,5 mm wide ined:

spenag et a oblong-subfaleate, acute, minutely pa al ey mm ne 1.75 mm on 3-

ook lip yellow-brown, thick, ovate-triangular, obtuse, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the margins rounded

and erect below the middle, a. with a large glenion at the base, th th

end, hinged to the column-foot; column stout, ‘terete, 2mm ais the anther and stigma apical, the foot

thick, abbreviated.

COSTA RICA: Cartago: La Estrella, 27 Mar. 1924, C. H. nome 792 Lona a ay 2

Estrella, 26 Mar. 1924, P.C. Standley 39081 (AMES); Cordi alamanca,

1800 m, 23 ig 1949, L.O. Williams ~ PH. Allen 16522 (AMES. EAP). San José: De satel 8,

Cordillera de Talamanca, Casamata, at cross above San Cristébal Norte, alt. 1900 m, 31 Mar. 1995, a

Morales & L. Bohs 3803 (CR, MO).

PANAMA: Chiriquf: above Guadeloupe, 17 Dec. 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1358 (SEL).

This large species occurs in Costa Rica and western Panama where it is locally

frequent. The lax, long-pedicellate raceme is about as long as the leaf; the dorsal

sepal and synsepal are obtuse; the petals are subfalcate and minutely denticulate;

and the lip is thickly ovate with a large glenion. In Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated

as well as the Field Guide, P. sanluisii is misidentified as this species.

sag oe ic opezii Luer & Escobar, Orquideotosi 21: 102, 1998.

Named in honor of Jorge Lopez of

Plant large, epiphytic, prolific, — roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, spec, 20-40

cm long, enclosed above the base by a closely fitting, tubular sheath, and another at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, ovate, subacute ene 12- 16 cm long, 19 cm the base sessile, deeply cordate.

loo oose, Gatien i trict 30-35 cm long inc cluding the

uncle 5-8 cm long, subtended by spalhi 1 5°2 co lem, cecil beac thin, tabs, 5-9 mm

long; pedicels 20 mm long wen i a mm long above; ovary 2 mm long; — translucent white,

glabrous, the dorsal sepal ov vate, sculs, acuminate, deeply concave, 7 mm long, 4mm wide, expanded, 3-

veined, the lateral ovate, subacute mm long, 4mm wide, +

veined; petals white with Tight red markings, elliptical-ovate, oblique, acute, acuminate, 7 mm long, 2

mm wide, 3-veined, with the margins deeply fimbriate; lip yellow with | the apex red, ovate-subtrilobed,

2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the sides below th ct, with the margins

minutely cose below | Ph ne middle fi th - £ jt to thin cbt apiculate apex, the disc with

a sen th t » shortly channeled above the callus, the base broadly trun-

py a pus iterete, stout, 1.5 mm long, bidentate at i apex,

na anther apical, the stigma ieee the foot thick, obsolescent.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: | B Retiro, Hda. N: di Colomt 2500 m, May 1993,

ideas, 26 Mar. 1997, R. Escobar 8291 77m MO).

Florally this large sensstols found recently in the forest above Colomborquideas,

is basically similar to most of the other species of the section, but it is readily dis-

tinguished by the large, prolific habit. The lax raceme is long, strict and erect, and

the pedicels are elongate. The dorsal sepal and synsepal are similar: ovate and

acuminate. The petals are deeply fringed. The lip is broadly cordate, with erect,

rounded, basal lobes, with the margins of the middle lobe minutely fimbriate. In the

center of the disc there is a well-defined, minute, rounded callus.

16 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

De ah. Bite Beard: D-oahk £ li 229 61: 48, 1877.

Ety.: From the Latin Juctuosus, “sorrowful,” for the news of Endres’ death.

Syn.: Humboldtia luctuosa (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 2: 667, 1891.

_Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls coves, nia igegles tes.

h. and 2-3 sheaths the hase

eaf erect,

coriaceous, ly elliptical » acute, 412 cm long, 0. 5-1 fe cm wide, the fas sessile, mel:

Infl distichous, to se

cuneate.

raceme 6-8 cm long including the pda ca 2 emg, saben 2 tents ae

bracts thin, tabular, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 4-5 mm long; ovary 2 sage sepals bright purple to red,

membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, acuminate ve belo w the middle, 20

mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepal te int y triangular, acute lamina, =

mm long, 5 mm wide, 4-veined; petal: d quely ovate, subfalcate, acute, with th

margins minutely erose- -serrulate, 8mm rsa 2mm wide, spurned lip yellow-green, suffused with

pala: tik, conde Glbbed. Scud cag 25 Gn wines cease at the apex, the basal lobes obtuse, erect,

flanking the column, the disc with a ‘a small, central glenion, the base truncate-concave, hinged to the

i i" i 1, the foot th hick, obsolescent

COSTA RICA: ipiaisti Sea beans sa 3,500 ft., 1868, A. Endres 50 (Holotype: W; Isotype: AMES).

papas tary srg 1025 m, 5 June 1925, A.M. Brenes (38)1249 (AMES). a Sabanillas

de Acosta, cultivated at La Concavas, June 1928, C.H. Lankester 1178 (AMES). Gua te: Parqué

meni Biologica Volcan Cacao, Estacién Pitilla, alt. 1100 m, 24 Oct. 1990. C. Chévez

TA: Cauca: near Popayan, cultivated vated by Amalia Lehmann, ies oaaerrier: leas, 23

i an cea Nariiio: east side of Gorg alt. 50-100 m, 11 Feb. 1939, E-P.

oo agate ete “ay of Santo Domingo, alt. 350 m, 11 June 1961, P. Cazelet & T.

This species was named by Reichenbach upon learning of the death of Endres in

Costa Rica. It is widely distributed from Costa Rica through the Andes of Colom-

bia and Ecuador at a low altitude. It is characterized by the slender habit with

harrow leaves, and a loosely flo flowered raceme o of purple flowers with narrow sepals.

g p is triangular.

Pleurothallis nox-media Luer & Escobar, -Oarident

vag ogee 104, 1998.

Eye: From the Latin nax-media, “midnight,” in allusion dark color of the flowers.

Plant medium in size to large, epips

long, with a close, tteler deem econ te caeee Sandet. Ramicanls stout, erect, 10-12 cm

ovale, acute, 12- “14 cm long, 5 5-55 om and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

, lax, distichou bast sessile

erect, to n wide, the base » Founded o or subcordate. Inflorescence an

ing the peduncle 6-9 cm 2 eons ea

bracts infundibul Semlon, bane Wiley seid 17 cou long, at the bece of the lox floral

Sepals deep purple, glabrous, So Sng a ong; ovary 4-5 mm long;

oblique, acute, minutely lacer-

lceats with ne en eX broadly rounded and ahesiryr a Pp purpl oblong, convex, 6

wi een nena: LK ro

Sicknsnomenrneetitae conical calli above the base,

oe Semiterete, 3 mm long, the anther and bilobed stigma

Fancico Vike at Omani Sama c iaiehene cultivated by

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 17

Pleurothallis pallida Luer, ie et 3: oe 1977.

Ety.:

From the Latin pallidus, “pale,” to the pastel colors of the flowers.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly repent, = thizome stout, branching, 3-5 mm long between rami-

cauls; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending to erect, slender, terete, 2. 5-46 cm long, with a tubular sheath

below the middl 2 othe: base. coriaceous, obtuse, 4-7

ears to secund raceme, 9-14 cm long eo a aa 4-6 cm long, from a narrow

Bi 1 1, A A $-17

tne sepals pale green, more or less suffused with ass rose toward the apices, membranous, glabrous,

the dorsal | sepal ovate, acuminate, acute, concave, 8 mm Jong, 41 mm wide, ieee free from the later-

als, th 1 mm long, 5 mm wide,

4-veined; petals n narrowly ee acuminate acute, microscopically ae 7 mm long,

1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip pale g een, broadly ovate, obtuse, shortly acuminate, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm

wide, the disc shallowly concave with a glenion above the base, the base broadly short-unguiculate,

a to the column-foot; column stout, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, with a bulbous, glandular foot.

ANAMA: Coclé: epiphytic in the hills north of El Valle, alt. 1000 m, 6 March 1976, cult. 14 April

ws. C. Luer, R. Dressler, J. Luer & P. Taylor 954 (Holotype: SEL).

es, apparently endemic in Panama, is closely allied to the much larger

: ie ot an Pleurothallis pallida is distinguished by its small habit; short

amicauls borne by a shortly repent rhizome; an erect, elliptical leaf; and a weak,

see, arching raceme of long-pedicellate, pale greenish pink flowers that far surpass-

es the leaf. The dorsal sepal and synsepal are acute and acuminate; the petals are

acute and minutely denticulate; and the small lip is broadly ovate and apiculate.

——— a (Presl) Rchb.f, aE a. Syst. 6: 168, 1861.

Bas.: Acronia phalangifera Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 104, 1

Ety.: From the Greek ar etm “spider bearing,” in asin to the inflorescence.

yn.: Pleurothallis decurva Lindl., Folia 0 er . —

Ety.: F e Latin decurvus, “decurved,” re

Syn.: | Pleurothallis mathewsit Lindl, , Comp. Bot. Mag 2: 355, “1836

“”

ViGLiliO ws

Syn.: 1 Pleurothallis ——. Lindl, Orch. Linden. 1, 1846.

ageennrarna aries (ina. ) Kuntze, Rev. nas PL. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: H Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia rican (Lindl) — Rev. Gen. PL 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis schnitteri Schltr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7: 530, 1921.

Ety.: Named in honor of R. Schnitter who collected this speci

Syn.: | Pleurothallis i ineziae Schitr., Repert. Spec. | Nov. foe Veg. Beih. 27: 47, 1924.

llerted

Was CULICCICU.

Syn.: Pleurothallis werneri Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 57, 1924.

Ety.: Named in honor of Werner Hopp who collected this species

Syn.: Pleurothallis nasuta Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 164, 1924.

Ety.: From the Latin nasutus, “large-nosed,”” in allusion to the middle lobe of the lip.

— large, epiphytic to terrestrial, tt itose, the rhizome stout, up to 4 cm ——

der. Ramicauls stout, erect, 15-40 cm m long, enclosed below the middle

fitting cet sheath, often spotted le, and 2-3 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect to rere,

coriaceous, ovate, acute, 10-20 cm long, 5- 10. cm wide, the one sessile, broadly cuneate to rounded o

subcordate. Inflorescence a loose, ae sim several-flowered raceme 12-25 ¢ cm baa

including the peduncle 5-10 cm long, reclining upon the leaf vith

subtended by a spathe 2- a ect atte, tenths 1 cm long: pedicels 1- 1.5 cm long:

ovary 4 mm long; sepals yellow to purple, rarely white, membran ous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate,

acute, acuminate above the et concave below the middle, 30-45 1 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, 3-veined,

the lateral sepals connate into an ovate lamina, acuminate, acute, 30-45 mm long, 5-8 mm wide unex-

18 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

panded, 4-veined; petals colored as the sepals, obliquely ovate, subfalcate, acute, long-acuminate, with

the margins minutely erose-serrulate, 20-38 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined; lip colored as the sepals,

ovate-trilobed, thick, broadly and obtusely lobed below the middle, the anterior lobe oblong-ovate, acute

to subacute, 5-7 mm long, 3-4 mm wide below the middle, the disc with a small glenion, the base trun-

£,

olumn-foot; t, 2 mm long, the anther and

stigma apical, the foot thick with the apex of the column,

PERU: Hudnuco: near “Huanocco,” T. Haenke s.n. (Holotype: PR?). Amazonas: Chachapoyas, 1840,

A. Matthews Chachapoyas, Cerros ae 2400 m, 26 Mar. 1964,

Pc. pearson rsd Bennett 4553 (AMES, F, G, K, LE, M, NY, M, MICH, MO, P, UC, US, USM).

st of Pomacochas, ali

(AMES Us USM). Bongara, between Pomacochas and Vilcaniza, alt. 2050 m, 19 Oct. 1965, A. Sagdstegui

(AMES, HUT); Chachapoyas, west of Molinopampa, alt. 2350-2400 m, 23 July 1962, JJ. ain

1475 _ Cuzco: Yanano, alt. 6,000 ft., 13-16 May 1923, JF. Macbride 3848 (AMES); Uru

a, 00m 28 Mae. 1942, C. Vargas 2646 (AMES); Yanano, alt. 6,000 ft., 13- NeMer 1923,

: Carchi: between El Playén de San F

1979, B. ieee Molau tai. Madison on 12525 (AA AU, 0D) GekLEEl Pista, ak. 3100 m, 20 Mar.

Sept. 1848, op wes 438 (K). Loja: between Loja and Saraguro, alt. 2700-2800 m, 22

ha se0'G. Harling & L. Andersson 18510 (GB). Napo Sco ier tbo ima alt. 6,000 ft., 1857,

W. Jameson s.n. (K); between Baeza and snd Tena, alt. 2200 m, CH. Dadson & A. Hirtz 15878 (MO). Loja:

“mountains of Loxa,” Zambrabamba, 1837, A. Adithein 1902 (holotype of P. mathewsii: K: mat

la Morona-Santiago: between Sigsig and Chiquinda, alt. 2500 m, ll ay 1990, A. Hirtz 5071

apo: northwest of crt orks S. Dalstrim & L. Dalstrden 134 1342 (MO). oe ela

COLOMBIA" An alt. 2000 m, Aug. 1985, D. ee 483 (MO).

Mase a Medellin, G. Wallis sn, (W); Medellin, Patin s.n. (W); — 2

“4 Pyeng prey Rosa de Osa, alt. 2650 m, 14 Mar. 198 989, C. Luer, J. Luer, S. Dalstr

: Rese Treg yo m20, between Betulia and Urraa rao, alt. 2200 m, 1 June 1995, C. Luer, J. Ine

- Escobar “tei (MO). Cundinamarca: Bogoté, Tequendama, Nov. 1842, J. Linden 1271

(AMES lea “ K; isotype: W); near Tequendama falls, 8-11 Dec. 1852, LF. Holton 188

AMES, vegan 400 m, 15 Sept. 1917, FW. Pennell 1965 (AMES, NY); same area,

alt. 2800- ag 20-24 Oct. 1917, FW. Pennell 2633 (AMES, NY); between Bogota and

R. Schnitter i ogota,

ag alt. 1770 m, Sn, P. schni:

oon ame Schaitter s.n. (7B, type of P. nasuta); Montes

pisbig tis 1952, RE. (AMES), del Chic6, 10 Nov. 1943, M. Schneider 14 (AMES); same

eo gig ota S177 alt. ca. 1700 m, collected by Los Torres,

alt. 8,000 f.. 18 May 1878, Fo ir (MO). Cauca: : auca: near Corrales, Volca

Lehmann 35. 5 (AMES. —

near

» ETRE at B ee teen, BW of Past,

(holotype of P. ineziae destroyed 0, alt. 2900 m, Jan. 1921, W. Hopp 10

at B); Sotomayor, alt. ca. 1800 m, coll spoticlay Aguirre, pi

2 Dec. . Escobar

11,000 ft., 1 Nov. 1 MB ). Putumayo Cmz above Encano, alt.

Murillo, Rio = “foster & R. Foster 2058 (AMES). Teena: Shy 1920, M.T. Dawe 797

em lope ofthe Andes, alt. 10,00. apihlaa on ba Tere ha Without locality, east-

: Fila

= alt.

teyermark & M. Rabe 97] 130 2

» alt,

bee 7750-2950 m,20 May 1967, J -A. Steyermark, G E. Dunsterville 98503

has from phate into 6% re eon in its wide distribution through the

level. Variations have been d alae ti from 1500 to 3000 meters above sea

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 19

Pleurothallis polysticta Luer, Selbyana S$: ur 1979.

Ety.: From the Greek polystictos, “‘many-spotted,”’ referring to the flowers.

Plant medium i in size, », epiphytic, cacspitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-8 cm long,

with a close, tt aged riaceous, sessile, narrowly

elliptical-ovate, acute, pie geg inp waist e base cuneate. Inflorescence a lax, simultane-

ously few-flowered — os 15 cm 1 long ps: the slender peduncle 3-8 cm — bore from a

prostrate spathe 5-9 m ong; pedicels 15 mm long

below to 4mm long poi ovary i: 5-2 2.5 ] g h white, spotted sit oh

purple, glabrous E y , obtuse, acuminate, lat 6mm long, 4

mm wide, Psi the lateral sepals i 3 1 similar to the pout

sepal, 6 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, 4-veined; ners spotted with purple, narrowly triangular, acute, attenu-

ate, 6.5 mm ve 0.75-1 mm wide, 1-veined, fo green, dott , cordate-ovate, apes a

late, 4 mm long, 3. MF mm wide, th ct aes, the dis gland a pair

= lel = kh th 1 =

banal angles, hi h f th lumn; col it , 2mm long, the anther and bilobed

stigma apical, the { foot ee

ANAMA: Darién: Cerro Pirre, collected by R.L. Dressler, July 1977, flowered in cultivation 27 Mar.

of C. Luer 2799 (Holotype: SEL).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: El Retiro, collected above Colomborquideas, alt. ca. 2500 m, 19 May 1993, C.

Luer 16889 (MO). Chocé: Bahia Solano, Mecana, alt. 250 m, cult. at Colomborquideas, 5 Jan. 1993, R.

Escobar 5229

This species from the Western Cordillera of Colombia and adjacent Panama has

been found at both low and high altitudes. It is characterized by the medium-sized

habit with narrowly elliptical, sessile leaves; a lax, few-flowered raceme longer than

the leaf of long-pedicellate, translucent greenish, purple-spotted flowers with

narrow, attenuate petals longer than the obtuse but acuminate dorsal sepal and

similar synsepal; and a broadly cordate, apiculate lip with a small pair of calli at the

base of ca disc.

a rowleei Ames, Sched. Orch, 1: 11, _

Ety.: Named in honor of W.W. Rowlee who collected this speci

Syn.: Pleurothallis cucullata Ames, Sched. Orch. 3: 5, 1923.

pa tei je — niece “cucullate,” referring to the bonnet-shaped dorsal sepal.

i ensk. Bot. Tidskr. 47: ‘te —

ee inn the Greek rhodocardia, =i beet” * referring to the fl

Plant n —— in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; 1 roots slender. Ramicauls slender, = 5-15

Leaf ere

h a close, coria-

cm long,

ceous, ovate, acute, 5-12 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide, the base sessile, broadly cuneate. taeeeenean: an

erect, suberect to arching, lax, distichous, simultaneously few- to several-flowered racem e, 5-14 cm long

ae the peduncle 1.546 cm es bome from a slender spathe 1-1.5 cm —e at the “sl of the bat

floral bract 2 bf —— long; sepals purp , glabrous, the dorsal

ovate, acute, concave, 11mm long, 5 mm ined, teral

acute synsepal, 11 mm long, 6 mm wide, Gane ae purple, : —— ‘blige, decurved, acu ute,

sir 9.5 mm long, 2 | mm nln: lip purple, g, 2.5 mm wide, the

al wly

2 cute, the basal —— erect, rounded, os ae alas concave with a

glenion ae the base, the base subtruncate, thick, refle xed, ones to the base of the column; column

red, semiterete, 2.5 mm long, th

ge — mi ees La eres 8 July 1918, W.W. & HE. Rowlee 236 ‘casaeusee AMES); La

Palma, collected an FL Stevenson 1-15575 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 1271; Reserva

enue 2 ane ee 24 ¥ “sy G. Herrera & V. Mora 470 (MO). Puntarenas: Monteverde

Reserve, alt. 1600-1750 m, 17 July 1986, W.A. Haber & E. Belo 5315 er Heredia: San Rafael,

northwest of Cerro Redondo, alt. 1620-1850 m, 25 Nov. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 746

hae K, a bg een — ca. 1867, A. Endres 72, 128 (W); Without locality, flowered at K, ob-

ed from C n. (holotype of P. cucullata: K).

PANAMA: Cobian Bajo Cheese, alt. 1810 m, Davidson; Darién: Cana-Causi trail, alt. 1650 m, Terry

& Terry 156.

20 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: near G. Escobar 542 (AMES). Chocé: Bahia Solano, Mecana, alt.

250 m, collected by Peter T., Apr. 1991, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 5 Jan. 1993, R. Escobar 5229

(MO). Tolima: Inzé, alt. 1400-1800 m, F.C. Lehmann B.T. 320 (K); Rio Timbigu alt. 500 m, F.C.

Lehmann B.T. 342 (K). Naritio: Ricaurte, F.C. Lehmann B.T. 318 (K). Cauca: El Tambo, La Costa, alt.

ca. 1000 m, Apr. 1937, K. von Sneidern 1603 (holotyp

. Esmeraldas: west of Lita toward San Lorenzo, alt. 750 m, 18 Jan. 1987, C. leet Luer,

A. Hirtz et al. 12410 (MO).

This species is relatively frequent and widely distributed at low altitudes from

Costa Rica through Panama and the Western Cordillera of Colombia to western

Ecuador. It is characterized by the ovate leaf more or less as long as the ramicaul,

and a more or less equally long, lax raceme of relatively large, purple flowers. The

sepals are acute, the petals are denticulate and held downward along the side of the

lip; and the anterior lobe of the triangular lip is acute. The flowers of P. cucullata

are essentially the same as those of P. rowleei. Flowers from an isotype of P.

rhodocardia also are no different from those of the usual P. rowleei.

we. sh. 0 v2.22 T..14

, Acta Bot. Ven. 3: 390, 1968.

Ety.: Named for Sierra de San Luis where the species was collected.

Syn.: Pleurothallis stalkyi Luer, Selbyana 7: 124, 1982.

Ety.: Named in honor of G. CK. “Stalky” Dunsterville, noted author and illustrator of Venezuelan

Dien? pCR

epiphytic ts slend

Ramicauls slender, erect, 9-13

a whitamin ko others above the base. Leaf erect, coria-

Ceous, ovate, convex, acute, Tehloy, AP eae hens the base rounded, sessile, shallowly cordate.

en i 7-10

cm long inci the peduncle cs. 4am long, bore from lender spate I. “Tone ate

; t mm long; sepals light yellow-green,

minaely spoted with red-brown, Sao apace oso cas Se concave, 5

long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined ' sia te, obtuse, concave synsepal, 5.5

; ; petals yellow-green, red-brown, sigmoid, oblique, de-

rNguicers pn, oe ei onpter lip yellow, caateaat 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm

. — ® apical lot triangular, acute, the sides xr roxanne nya rounded, es

flanking ded calli, with an e

nee prescclag aoa ens ie, the base broadly truncate, hinged tothe base of the column; ae

low, semiterete, 2 1, the foot rudimen:

VENEZUELA: F

m, 17 dey 1961 Fete: Ser ui inf a Pande ——_ alt. 1400-1500

ai win ce a hy Caro EL

Luer 18560A (MO), cultivated by J. Hermans in Enfield, England, 5 July 1997, C.

This species is probabl

misidentified 5 8 eiclit C in the coastal mountains of Venezuela. It was

welll neladiie etalon si — n Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated, volume 5, as

sanluisii in Orchids of Venezuela, An II

ustrated Field Guide, thes

to be unnamed species was thought

Phesothlll Wakes is ws dati rempcaa ee

pedice flowers that more or less vate Oose raceme of small, dotted, long-

the lip between erect, i aa conical callus is present above the base of

similar, but the flowers are lobes. Vegetatively, P. longipedicellata is

not have erect unspotted, the petals are not decurved, and the lip does

xiibed secoshesmanonertane etm

petals, and a transverse} es racemes, widely expanded, narrower

Y Ovate lip without a conical callus.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 21

Pleurothallis stricta Luer, Selbyana 5: 181, ee

Ety.: From the Latin strictus, “‘straight,”’ referring to the

trope medium i in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose, | roots eae, ae slender, erect, 3-12

on, Mi middle by eo closely fi Leaf

erect, coriaceous, Epica ieee, acute to subacute, 5 9. 5 cm long, 1. #2 Ta cm he-si the base a,

sessile. ct, loose, distichous

cm long tei the peduncle 3-5 cm long, subtended by a sputhe 0.8. 1 cm rit floral bracts thin,

tubular, 3 mm long; Lae Is 5- 15 mm long; ovary 2 mm a nes sepals yellowish, heavily overlaid with

purple, especially along th membranous, glabrot acute, acu-

minate, the “middle, 9-12 mm long, 3.5 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

connate into a narrowly triangular, acute, minutely bifid lamina, 9.5-13 mm long, 25-3. 5 mm wide, a

veined; petals purple with yellow margin, elliptical, oblique, acute, with the margins minutely denti

late, 5-6 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip dull tan, suffused v with ste thick, ovate- trilobed, 1.75-2 mm am

5mm -_ with minutel y +4 y rounded, erect,

flanking the pee levated, central glenion, cave, hinged to

column-foot; poe par i stout, 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma err the foot thick with the

apex of the column.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: above Valladolid, alt. ca. 2500 m, collected July 1975 by W. Teague,

L ——— & D. Welisch, cultivated by Teague in San Francisco, CA, 20 Aug. 1979, C. Luer 4113

(Holotype: ).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: near Tuza, 15 Nov. 1886, 15 Nov. 1886, F.C. Lehmann 2161 (K). Tolima:

Inzé, alt. 1800 m , 15 Nov. 1882, F.C. Lehmann 2167 (K); near —— cultivated by ee

deas, iS Dec. 1992, R. pale 5040 (MO). Cundinamarca: San Antonio de Tena, San o, alt.

2000-2500 m, cultivated at La Ceja by M. & O. Robledo, 21 July 1978, Cc Luer Paral

This species is found occasionally in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. It is

closely related to P. rowleei, but it is distinguished by the straight, erect, lax raceme

of smaller, more or less purple-striped flowers that surpasses the narrowly elliptical-

ovate leaf. The dorsal sepal is acuminate, the synsepal is narrowly triangular; the

petals are elliptical and serrate; and the lip is thickly triangular with broadly round-

ed, erect basal lobes, acute at the tip, and with an elevated glenion.

Pleurothallis supervacanea Rchb.f., Hamburger Garten-Blumenzeitung 16: 180,

1860.

Ety.: From the Latin supervacaneus, mee or vacant, above,” no doubt Reichenbach’s cryptic

Syn.: Pleurothallis apoxys Luer & Escobar, , Orguideologia 14: 132, 1981.

Ety.: From the Greek apoxys, = to a point,” referring to the acuminate sepals and petals.

Plant —— in size to large, epiphytic, aq nt roots comparatively coarse . Ramicauls stout,

erect, 10-20 cm the middl heath and 2-3 sheaths at

the base. ear coriaceous, ovate, acute, 10-13 « cm m long, 4-4. 5 cm wide, the base sessile, broadly

cuneate to rounded. Inflorescence a | , distichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme 12-20

cm long including the peduncle 5-6 cm long, subtended by a reclining spathe 3-4 cm long; floral bracts

thin, infundibular, 5-6 cm eg: pedicels 8 emrey-ob snap 3 mm Jong; sepals light agate a

, CON

brown, membranous, glabrot

the middle, 13-15 mm ey 3. 5-4 mm wide, ap ree ™ lateral sepals connate into an ovate, acute,

biform lamina, 12-15 mm long, 4-5 mm wide unexpanded, 4-veined; petals light yellow with light

red mottling, narrowly linear-ovate, ae acute, attenuate, with niin vanes cage a = mm

a 1-1.2 mm sh 3-veined ; lip g pur with

margins e iddl ith acute, vm mm

nh 2mm re coe the middle, tice! — with a meer eee callus pleats ‘the margins bel below th =

middle, and a curved, t

semiterete, stout, 2.5 mm rei ie al F diigdio stlical, Wie foot lich, reaesdiaory

LOMBIA: Antioquia: flowered in n cultivati — ca. 1859, probably collected near Medel-

lin ae ane s.n. (Holotype: W); Munic. of Medellin Cerro de Padre Amaya, alt. 2500-2700 m,

collected

by R. Escobar 936 et al., ccod ie ouevationly M & OF Habhsdot La: Gols 19 Oct. 1977, C. Luer

2087 XYS: : isotype: JAUM); flowered in cultivation by M. & O. Robledo at La

22 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis supervacanea was described from a plant cultivated by Herr

Stange in the collection of Consul Schiller in Hamburg. Most likely it had been

collected near Medellin, Colombia, by Patin because w what appears to be a duplicate

pee similar specimen collected by Wallis near Medellin and annotated as P.

anea by Garay has been sketched on another sheet and similarly annotated

by Garay. The sketch of a petal and the lip are referable to the original description

of P. supervacanea, but a complete, hydrated flower from this specimen reveals it

to be P. alvaroi, described in 1981.

A complete, hydrated flower from Patin’s collection reveals it to be a different

species, the same species described as P. apoxys, also in 1981. These two similar,

closely related species were confused and mixed by Reichenbach. His P. superva-

canea far supersedes the epithet P. apoxys by well over a century.

The mysterious meaning of the epithet supervacanea probably is Reichenbach’s

private joke referring to the lip. In the Latin diagnosis he states: labello ovati retuso

apice 2 minute tridentato (lip ovate with the apex retuse, minutely tridentate), and the

rt well as the narrowly acuminate petal.

The anterior half of the tp appears to have been eaten or broken off. He seems to

d flower, because i in aconcluding remark he

halli vollig iibereinstimmend

= Bis auf den Lippenbau mit P|

. . lip in complete agreement with P. pedunculata).

Tadood, the lips of these two species are similar in outline, but the lip of P.

paste possesses the diagnostic pair of calli within the dilated lower margins

seen in P. apoxys and not on the lip of P. pedunculata. An exception to subsect.

= onia, the pn of the confused y. supervacanea is as large and prominent as

Luer,

By mamas! saeaci oe 303, 1975.

!2cmlong eth Caespitose; rt vey ede. Ramicauls very slender, erect to suberect, 5-

cetgeaegaaichg . t sige and another at the base. Leaf suboroct to

rocmce seas cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, the base sessile, rounded to

ae Inflorescence a flexible, loose, several-flowered raceme 6-8 om long including the

pedun 1 ha 5-2 mm

long: pedicels 1.5-2 mm

motimes spoted with meng: cv | mmo sepals light sen

glabrous, the do:

-1.75 mm and unexpanded, the lateral sepals

ide; Is

ide, ‘occasionally acute, attenuate, 3.75-5 mm long, 0.25-0.6 mm

trilobed, the blade 1.5 mm long, 0.75 me ne veins); lip green, red, red-brown or pope

¢ apical lobe basal, erect, the column, obtuse

: nd to ths bana of ho ch , the base truncate, deflexed into a

apical, the foot obsolescent. meee Pe ephaceriaaergs the anther and stigma

wees Pichincha: alone the st

Ler & R. Kent 223 ¢ S: , alt. 1 1

B. Thien 2210 (SEL); below Chiibo ery Snag changelog 1 Feb. 1963, C.H. Dodson & L.

Adams 3805 (SEL); Santa Rosa de T, eae 1967, CH. Dodson, N.H. Williams & RM.

(MO); Chacayaca sigalg Mar. 1990, A. Hirtz, wae Hirtz & KH. ong

PP peta panda los Benes end Mindat ea ae phe

Peete: (MO). Esmeraldas: w Matic et 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim, r Hoéijer

alt. 750 m, 18 Jan. 1987, C.

i Alto T: in Cham-

blee, GA, FL between Cachabi,

19 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J Sante

J. Luer, C. Dodson & A. Hirt: 12435 (MO); Loe Godse nan alt. oat

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 23

Jan. 1993, S. Daistrém, T. Héijer & H. gee 1744 (MO). El Oro: near Pifias, 1989, cult. in Cham-

ie GA, FL son eee 90-05 11-1

COLOMBIA: N o: Gueshi, F.C. tek Amann s.n. (K,HK 123); — be cng on Rio Lon ps nied Nov.

1898, F-C. eae HK ios Mie La Planada above Ricaurte, alt. 1800 m, 25 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J.

Luer & R. Escobar 12500 (MO), Altaquer, alt. ca. 1600 m, collected ne Valencia, cult. at Co! Jombor-

quideas, 5 Jan. 1993, R. Escobar 5233 (MO).

This species, found relatively frequently on the western slopes of southern

Colombia and Ecuador, was first collected by Lehmann in the nineteenth century.

It is distinguished by the very delicate raceme of fragile, little flowers that hangs

over the edge of the thin, ovate leaf. The acute sepals are found in various colors

with or without spots throughout its range. The petals are usually narrowly linear,

but occasionally slightly broader leaves with an additional, incomplete vein are

seen. The basal lobes of the tiny lip flank the column.

Pleurothallis vieirae Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 14: 182, 1981.

Ety.: Named in honor of Luis Carlos Vieira of Medellin, Colombia, co-collector of this species.

Plant small t di size Ramicauls erect, terete, very

—_ 6-10.5 cm st — a rh oe sheath below the middle and another at the base. L

riaceous, linear- acute, 7-11 cm long, a iat wide, the base cuneate, sessile. Inflores-

cence a oak suberect, a loosely 2- to 3-flow raceme 4-5 cm long including the peduncle 2-

3 cm long, from a i 8 mm an spathe at the base of the leaf; floral bract 3 mm long; ae ee mm

a ovary 4 mm long; purp along the veins, the dorsal

th idle to th apex, 12 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, neds

shes iad me connate into an ovate, acute lamina ln mm een r 5 mm wits, 4-veined; petals <4

scending, Sa incr: oblique, acute, 9.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; lip green, thick, t

* ular, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex subacute, = a angles subacute, erect, the hese i.

loped; col tout, | mm ae. with a broad, thi

COLOMBIA: Chocé: Munic. of Bahia Solano, alt. 200-300 m, 1977, collected by G. Misas, L.C. Vieira

et al., cultivated by Vieira in Medellin, flowered in cultivation 15 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2037 (Holotype:

SEL; Isotype: JAUM).

This handsome species from lowland, coastal Colombia, is closely allied to P.

luctosa and P. rowleei, but it differs primarily in the prominently striped sepals, and

the petals with entire margins. In addition, the leaves are very narrow and the in-

florescence bears only two or three flowers in a loose, flexuous raceme.

Pleurothallis volcanica Luer, Selbyana 3: 406, 1977.

Ety.: Named for El Hato del Volcan, Chiriqui, near where this species was collected.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, terete, 4-14

cm long, with a closely fitting tubular sheath below the middle and 1-2 sie at the base. Leaf coria-

ceous, erect to spreading, ovate, acuminate, acute, the base broadly cuneate to rounded, sessile, 4-8 cm

long, 1.5-3 cm wide. Inflorescence a weak, sube: rect, laxly several-flowered f oe secund raceme, 5- 14

floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 4-9 mm long; ovary | mm long; sepals pale rose, glabrous, the dorsal

sepal ovate, acuminate, acute, concave, ee el ong, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate

into an ovate, acuminate, acute, minutely emarginate synsepal, similar to the dorsal sepal, 3.25-4 mm

long, 2.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals pale orange, linear-oblong, oblique, a cute, thickened, entire, - = 3

mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip pale ted, sagittate-trilobed, gennflexed near ner middle,

narrowly triangular, acute, the late lateral lobes broadly su , incurved, the base deeply concave, ae

disc with a well iddl 1.5 mm long; 1.5 mm wide; column stout, 1.5 mm

long, with a bulbous foot.

PANAD AA: Ohkiel j 4 £, Rij 1 t of El Hato del Volcan, alt. 1500

m, 12 gr 1976, ‘cultivated 18 Oct. 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1260 ee SEL); on road-cut,

Silla rro Pando, west of El Hato del Volcan, 30 Nov. 1964, R.L. Dressler 2962 (SEL).

om RICA: Cartago?: El General valley, 12 June 1955, C.H. Lankester 1656 (AMES), C. Luer il-

24 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Although obviously closely allied to P. longipedicellata and P. rowleei, this

species is distinct in the thrice smaller flowers with entire petals. The flowers are

not much smaller than those of. P. . dentipetala, fom which it is distinct in the longer

yeveer»h ©

Pleurothallis volcanica is recognized by its slender ramicauls; ovate, acuminate

leaves; and very small, pastel-colored, relatively long-pedicellate flowers borne in a

loose raceme that exceeds the leaf nearly twice its length. The concave, acuminate

dorsal sepal and pal sp expose flanked by entire, extend-

ed petals. Wei iat fall «h eee Eee ~ Aanwnts, me se ciliate.

SERIES AMPHYGIAE

Pleurothallis allenii L.O. Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. ee a 1940.

lora of Panama, who

collected this species.

Piant il a:

epiphytic, Ramicauls slender, wet ea a

em long, with a close, cess ahs yaaa tai penal aban 1-2 at the base. Leaf co

sa , acute, . sessile, 3.5-8 cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below once

12-13 mm long, from a spathe 4-5 mm

oa coca aed pedicel 3-4 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; sepals and

ovate, te, slightly acu-

mat, 15 mn lng, Sm wide 3-vened, the lnieal spas coteane eeeehec om

ly into a similar synsepal,

1 tg ay sera cal-subsigmoid, acute acute, slightly acuminate, with minutely

margins, ll mee kong, 25 mm wide, 1- d: li 1 nt veal lease: acid spicules tri-

mm long, 4m Since} inher cxnnnd d, the apex sed-asireles:

cont tepals ieaned incurved, the disc with ee eae

ep the base subtruncate mined i i Ppa anvon, n0 : —-

unene to the: the co’ column terete, stout, 2

PANAMA: Cocké: a

lotype: int ny El Valle, al 600-1000 m, 8 Dec. 1938, PH. . Allen 1240 (Holotype: MO;

same area, El Valle, ai ca, 100000 alt ca. 1000 m, 21 Jan. 1941, P. H. Allen 2338 (AMES, MO).

2254 (SEL). a. 1000 m, collected Sept. 1977, flowered in cultivation, Nov. 1977, C. Luer

pire ae

of central Panama. It is characterized by

- — hi. oy oes ad anda single, proportionately large, gaping, purple

re 9 desde ged in yellow w. The dorsal sepal and synsepal are

oe — directions exposing the large, forwardly directed,

a sara lip is red, triangular, acute and spiculate at the apex,

rounded and a curved, pubescent callus in the center of the disc.

Pleurothallis am amphigya

Ety.: From the Greek crc, poeta a oe 128, 1981.

axis amphigyos, “pointed at both ends,” referring to the narrowly acuminate sepals.

cm long, with a thin ieee heale onMic.caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-10

erect, ovate 3 oth

Inflorescence fang re: toute. 4-8 om long, 0.6-1.8 om wide, tiaae les acto ook ber.

the leaf; peduncles 1 spathe 3-4 f

a les 1017 wo fab 2 ona preheat

wide, the apex acute, sepal ovate at the base, concave, 20-30 mm long, 4 mm

3-veined, the

similar involute margins, the the lateral sepals connate compl

yi sia rte 2: eg? mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals descending in cgmad

a minutely ciliate; lip oblique, acute, slightly acuminate, Siouuites 2: 2-2.5 mm

basal angles rounded, incurved rede neular-trilobed, acute, 2-3 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide,

eed hinged bet ce the base subtruncate, flat on

stigma apical, the foot mdimentary,

slout, semiterete, 2 mm long. the anther and treasverse

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca?: without

Retin, 5 et 197, C.Luer 2046 Blot se Ceara clivation by Pare S. Restrepo at El

R. Escobar, cultivated at J & L ). Cauca: Quebraditas J.

eg Certo del L Orchids, Aug. 1978, C. Luer

Torr, alt. 2500 m, 20 Aug. 1988, P QI ae $216 SE IN. Paz, RT Gonatles E.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS a

Ramos, L.H. Ramos & A. Henao 4581, 4582 (CUVC). Valle del Cauca: El Cairo, Cerro del Inglés,

arrania de los Paraguas, alt. 2400 m, 30 Dec. 1986, P. Silverstone, N. Paz, R.T. Gonzdlez, 1. Cabrera &

D. Garcés 2747 (CUVC).

This small species, widely distributed in Colombia, is basically similar to the

other species of the series. The leaves vary from narrowly elliptical to ovate; the

long-attenuated dorsal sepal and synsepal spread in opposite directions, and the

subsigmoid, ciliate petals descend. The lip is small and acutely triangular.

Pleurothallis annectens Luer, Selbyana 3: 240, 1

977.

ai From the ean annectens, Nwcoe: connecting,” suggesting a a ean the single-

wered species of

small to medium in size, states caespitose; roots slender. Ransicanis slender, ace 5- 10

cm Psi ere a thin, tubular sheath below

ceous, suberect, ovate, acute, sessile, 4-7 cm long, 2- 3 cm wide, the base rounded to shallowly teen

the 3-4 mm long, at the base of

the leaf; peduncles 15-25 mm long; floral bract 3 mm long; pedicel 5-6 mm long; “he 2 mm long;

glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate,

concave, 4-5 mm long, 2.75- 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex subacute, shortly acuminate, the lateral

sepals connate completely i into a similar ‘pep pal, ert mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, 4-veined; petals de-

gmoid, one acute, — acuminate, 4-5

th red, triangular-

mm long, 1.5 mm wide, , 3-veined, ith

trilobed, acute, 2 mm long, ide expand “ree basal 2 gh t ly rounded carved around the

column, the disc with an ill-defined thickening, the base truncate, hing of

column stout, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, th i j ti 1 t

ee — ~~

Colorado, alt. 1700 m, 16 Feb. 1977, C. Luer, J. pealrytrg rey eee SED.

This species, apparently endemic in western Panama, is basically similar to the

other species of the subsection. It is closely related to P. archicolonae with two-

flowered peduncles from eastern Panama. The leaves are ovate and acute, and the

flowers are produced successively from single-flowered peduncles in a fascicle

from the base of the leaf. The dorsal sepal and similar synsepal are yellow and

flecked with red, concave and shortly acuminate. The petals are sigmoid. The lip is

broadly trilobed with the rounded, basal lobes erect and the apex acute.

Pleurothallis archicolonae Luer, Selbyana 3: 52, 1976.

Ety.: Named for vn Jefe, literally translated into Greek, where the species was collected.

Plant small, epiph tose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-6 cm long, — a thin,

ytic, caespitose:

tubular sheath below the middle and 23 others above the base. Leaf coriaceous, erect, linear-elliptic,

acute, sessile, = ns oy long, 0. 8- 1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate Laie into the base. iirc a

fascicle of 1- or laxly 2 3 mm long, at the base of the leaf;

peduncles 10-13. mm long; floral bract 2 mm long; epem 5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals and

petals translucent yellow, striped with red, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ov ovate, concave, 4-5 mm long, 3 a

wide, 3-veined, the apex obtuse, shortly acuminate, the lateral into a —_

synsepal, 4-5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 4-veined; on translucent yellow with 3 red stripes, descending in

iti Hipti i i ide, 3-veined.

the natural position, ¢ cal-oblong, subsigmoid, oblique, acute, 3 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, L

with subdenticulate margins; lip pods with purple stripes beneath, triangular-trilobed, subacute, 1.5

mm long, 2.25 mm wid d e basal angles broadly rounded, erect, the disc with a low, tnangu-

lar callus, the base truncate ‘hinged to the b f the column; column stout, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, the

*) . re per ee, ae See AS #.

PANAMA: Panama: epi loud forest on C 2, alt. 1000 m, 2 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J

P. Taylor & H. Butcher Oot (ed otype: SEL); same area, er Nov. 1967, RL. Dressler 3175 ee same

area, 6 Jan. 1968, R.L. Dressler 3328 (SEL). Colén: Rio Iguanita, Mar. 1976, N.H. Williams 5273 (SEL).

This species, apparently endemic in eastern Panama, is basically similar to the

other species of the subsection. It is similar to P. annectens from western Panama,

26 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

but th I 1] sily distinguish it from the former. Similar to

the former, the poe are produced i ina fascicle at the base of the leaf. The

y a second flower appears as a

loosely two-flowered raceme, The stil sepal and similar synsepal are yellow,

eu mottled i in red, concave and shortly acuminate. The petals are sigmoid.

The lip i i basal lobes erect, and the apex obtuse.

bucranon Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 3: 134, 1988.

Ety.: From the Greek boukranon, —. the appearance of the lip.

Plant medium i lender. Ramicauls very slender, erect, round in

atsssinian 4a ke ade ose, tubular sheaths above the base. Leaf thinly coriaceous, sub-

spreading, sessile, ovate, 35-5.5 cm long, 1.2-.8 om wie, the apex acute, the base shallowly cordate.

ry, p g, at the

% S oh. leaf; pedi 1 At 1 g; fl 1k A 1 i: 4 y 4 mm long;

acute, convex, 11 mm long, 4 mm wide

unexpanded, 3-veined, the (eile sotateitg ino a similar synsepal, 11 mm long, 5 mm

wide, 4-veined; prea rae erin oars sigmoid, ee wide, 3-

veined, minutely cil d ddl mm long, 2.5 mm

mm wide, eae verrucose, acute,

te acral lobes expanded, nro sou, en, the defleced basal portion eat truncate, —_

broad and long, microscopically pubescent, fi

2 mm long, th thy d single-lobed stig r y hinged to ~

ECUADOR: Imbabura: epiphytic in wet forest south of Lita, alt. 1250 m, 19 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz,C. H. Dodson, D. Benzing & & D. Bermudes 12 437 (Holotype: MO : =o

This species is most similar to Colombian Pleurothallis es but it

differs in the less acuminate apices of the petals, and especially in the three-lobed

lip, markedly deflexed near the middle, verrucose above the middle, with the lateral

lobes being narrowly falcate.

ch ay * 20, 1h

cauda-phocae Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 3: 137, 1988.

~ From the Lain cud pcos “the tail ofa seal,” in allusion to the callus of the lip.

iM size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots sl dens de

erect, round in cross section, 5-10 cm go a _ teeta there ctass, Le air ele pari

of solitary cute 3-42 on long, 1.42.3 cm wide, the base rounded, neste florescence a fascicle

sedemntake coe path 5 mm long, from the base of the leaf;

- 2 le rh cr a ae

apex apiculate, the disc with a prominent,

ieonseiieuena sae Snail triangular, act , acute,

drical, 2 mm long hes nei ke ee aden f tt clamn; column cylin-

ECUADOR: Imbabura: vas gma apical, rudimentary.

Luer, A. Hie CH, Dato B Bess’ foe ho Lit, ah * + ge eae

(Holotype: MO).

This species is ss D. Bermudes 12429

characterized by ovate, acute leaves and slender ramicauls. The

syeerpel mr concave and na the bane of the leaf. The

cate; the lip bears a uminate; the petals are large and fal-

are to either side of the cylindrical. wean oe a Pointed basal lobes

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 27

Pleurothallis forceps-cancri Luer & Escobar, reaps hk ied ie a

Ety.: From the Latin nei ones and cancri, “of a crab,” in allus

Plant lender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 7-15

cm long, with a thin, tubular sheath (se male fe middle and 2-3 others above the base. Leaf coriaceous,

spreading, ovate, acute, 5-6.5 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, the base sessile, emcee em Inflorescence

a single flower produced successively, Litionr es 15 mm long, bome from a spathe 6-10 mm long, at the

base of the leaf; floral bract 4 mm long; pedicel 4 mm long; se 3 mm long; sinters rose-orange,

membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sole oe at the base, concave, acute, acuminate, 20 mm long, 5 mm

wide, 3-veined, the | Pp letely into a an ovate synsepal, acute, acuminate, 16mm

long, 6 mm wide, 4 d; petals d ding in the natu e, elliptical-

subsigmoid, oblique, acute, ‘acuminate, 18 mm long, 4 mm wide, ae ‘lip red-orange, triangular-

trilobed, narrowly obtuse. le pe on the basal angles erect, narrowly rounded

si condemns; th the lee ith an d subtruncate te, flat on top, | ono to

1 eah

red _ stout, ‘semiterete, 2 mm long, th

cal, the foot rudimentary.

COLOMBIA: Without collection data, cultivated by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 16 Feb. 1976, C. Luer

612A (Holotype: SEL). Chocé: San José del Palmar, Galapagos, alt. 2000 m, collected by E. Valencia,

tivated at Colomborquideas, 2 Jan. 1993, R. Kuoler 5163 (MO).

is species is apparently uncommon in the Western Cordillera of Colombia. It

is oe related to P. amphygia and P. quadricaudata, being distinguished from

m by the broad petals that are long-acuminate above the middle

Pleurothallis forceps-cancri is characterized by the orangish, long-acuminate

d synsepal, and the orange, sigmoid-shaped, long-acuminate petals

that cross in from of the flower, suggesting a pair of boiled crab-claws. The lip is

small and triangular with the angles narrowly obtuse.

Pleurothallis fugax Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 14: 146, ot.

Ety.: From the Latin fugax, “‘fugacious,”’ referring to the ephemeral flowers

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, terete, 4-18 cm long, with

a close, siaite sheath below the middle and 1-2 statis at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly

ag Sa acute, 4-10 cm long, 7-18 mm wide, the base cuneate, sess sile. Inflorescence a solitary,

ent, long-ped , non-resupinate, delica

i a 5- 10 mm long spathe at the base : the ae peduncle weak, filiform, 18 a mm long; floral bract

thin, 3 mm long; pedicel 4-5 mm long; ovary green with purple spots, 2-3.5 mm long; sepals and petals

transparent white to greenish white mito rose to brown spots, the middle pee ovate, concave, acu-

minate, acute, 7-9.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, concave, acute

synsepal, 7-8.5 mm long, 4-5 mm wide ex ed; petals narrowly ovate, acuminate, acute, ciliate, 7-8

mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide; ee uppermost, yellowish white with purple dots, Simamaied trilobed, 15-4 mm

long, 3 5 mm wide expande: unded, incurved, the

i the base; column stout, 1-2 mm long, with an obsolescent foot,

disc

COLOMBIA: pean Munic. acemiaagen Partidas de San Lorenzo, alt. 2520 m, 29 Jan. 1978, C.

Luer, J. a & R. Escobar 2352 (Holotype: J “iy mil er — —- of Santa Rosa

de Osa, alt. 1800-2300 m, ne 1891, F-C. bases 7077 (K); above Yarumal, Raton Pelado, alt. 1650

m, 1 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10055 (MO); n tn ito, northeast of

anta Rosa de Osa, alt. 2350 m, 15 May 1985, R. Escobar, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 11388 (Mo): north

of Santa Rosa, above Estadero Manicomio, alt. 2580 m, 14 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, S. eee &

W. Teague 14142 (MO); road from San Antonio de Prado to Heliconia,

: iE = 1973, cult. by him at La Estrella, 30 Jan. 1974, R. Escobar 1127 GAUM, El

Carmen, above ’ 00 m, 21 Mes 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer & W. Te 1

Union, alt. 2400 ected by E. Valencia, cult. at Colomborquideas, 2 Jan. 1993, R. Escobar 5161

92 (SEL); north

(MO); Cerro Padre Amaya, alt. 2900 m, 16 Jan. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 36

of the pass between Urrao tes _ Carmen de Atrato, alt. 2700 m, ee May, 1995. C. Luer, J. Luer, R. sage

bar et al. 17637 (MO); Fron 2000 m. by O.J. Arango & G. Misas ~

April 1974, R. Escobar 1075 75 (IAUM); Caldas, Morro Gil, = "2450 m, Nov. 1973, R. Escobar,

Arango, G. Misas et al. 1050 J g AUM)

28 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

i rtment of Antioquia in the Central Cordillera

of Colombia, but it is not known from elsewhere. It was painted for Mutis in the

— century, and collected i in the n nineteenth century by Lehmann. The deli-

tt The lip is transversely reniform with

wiakat ended salle ciao ae.

glochis Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 14: 150, 1981.

Ety.: From the Greek glochis, “an arrow-point,” referring to the shape of

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, terete, 4-9 cm long, with

a close, tubular sheath below the middle and 1-2 others at the base. Leaf erect, co coriaceous, ovate, rs

ee d, sessile. In florescence

the b f the | parm duncles 15-23 mm 1 floral t 4-5 long; pedi 1 3.5 mm long: wand

long. ‘sepal pe membranous, th dorsal sepal concave, acute, 7 mm long, 4 mm wide,

tier : broadly ily ovate, deeply concave, obtuse synsepal 7 mm long, 6

dl 4.5 mm | ir emapalats shortly

Set yt 4.25 mm long, 3 mm wide acros s the lateral lobe: —_ ded, the

Se een NOE Mul , the lateral lobes below the sok , rounded,

anata eeeteageiees y unguicul » concave, the disc a transverse, aceaal fold

con b d bel 2 mm long, foot os ss

COLOMBIA: Narti :

tere 1979, C. Luer & J. ‘Laer 3735 (leone: SEL

de Podocarpus,

& D. D'Alessandro 16037 (MO), a 2750 m, 25 July 1985, C. H. Dodson, A. Embree

PP of many species characterized by small, ovate leaves with slender stems,

Species is easily identified by the long-pedunculate, yellow flowers. The petals

are broadly ovate and pubescent, and the lateral lobes of the arrow-head-shaped lip

Curve up around the footless column.

P. d La Cocha, alt. 3000 m,

te Lan etuacatata Foldats, etn Be. Ven. 3: 374, 1968.

ee ae ender peduncles,” referring to the inflorescence.

ic, Ramicauls slender, ascending to

coriaceous Sm long, with a thin, tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 others t tpg

base rounded. Inflorescence facile of acuminate, sessile, 3-4.5 cm long, 1.7-2.5 cm wide, the

spathe 5 men} a cicle of solitary-flowered peduncles, 2.5-4 cm long, borne from a

cmah dil whos win fae ng; p ee es on oe

mm wide, 3-veined. the latery ore yee SabroUs, the dorsal dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 8 mm long, 4

long, 5 mm wide, 4- 4-veined; petals white with 3.4 , obtuse, conca concave synsepal, 8

minate, 8 mm 1.75 S.veined purple stripes, eliptcal- oblong, acute, slightly acu-

u-trilobed, sy nage with the margins densely ciliate; a rade aie triangu-

the column, the

lar 4.5 mm long, 2.5

disc featureless except for the 3 ‘mm wide, the basal angles

column 2mm ‘shapes haadrcesmon truncate, hinged the base of the column;

VENEZUELA: Tichira: headwaters if :

Ls Copa a 2550 m, G.CK. Dunst Fy -anemee Ba achatden Ls Venn sd

IA: de Sant Dunsterville 103] (Holotype: VEN).

ta La B Beobr&D Peo 75 (SEL), toward Bei alt 2800, 7 Ape. 1982,

aces Venezuela. It is aun esamcecsreh cere "3 the ab Cordillera of Colombia and

leaves. Flowes are bore by, slender ramicauls longer than the ovate

base of the leaf in a fascicle. Jon. single-flowered peduncles from the

are acute and ciliate, and the Sepal and synsepal are concave; the petals

lip is cordate, with basal lobes flanking the column.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 29

ag habenula Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 14: 152, 1981.

From the Latin habenula, “‘a little strap or thong,” referring to the blade of the lip.

it medi ize it ts slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 6-22 cm long,

with a facets fitting tu ae ens ere below the middle and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect to more or

less spreading, coriaceous, narr owly elliptical-ovate, acute, slightly acuminate, + 7 cm long, 1. ‘ae Scm

wide, cuneate below into the sessile base.

a slender wi 1.5-2.5 cm long, from a spathe 5-7 mm ‘long at the base of the leaf; ssiin bracts

tubular, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 4-5 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; sepals translucent white, speckled and

veined in red, glabrous, the dorsal de cipeicel-<vatts, = to useaanec concave, i 8 mm long, 5

eral se

+ rs

mm wide, 3-veined, the lat to the

dorsal sepal, 7-8 mm long, 6.5 mm n wide, 4-veined; sade ose, faving saat, acute, with the

basal es minutely auriculate, 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip purple, cellular glandular-

iat the blade cae bei rer ‘ mm long, | “the mm m wide, acutel ly deflexed i into a claw 2

m long , footle

COLOMBIA: Nariiio: cloud forest between La Cocha and Sibundoy, alt. 2700 m, 31 a8 Telp 1978, C. Luer,

: Luer, R. Escobar et al. 3119 (Holotype: SEL).

CUADOR: Carchi: Bolivar, above La Paz, north road, alt. 3100 m, 18 Feb. 1998, C. Luer, J. Luer, A

ae & J. del Hierro 18727 (MO).

This species occurs in forests at high altitudes of the Andes of southern Colom-

bia and northern Ecuador. It is characterized by a fascicle of single, sen epee

culate flowers. The dorsal sepal and synsepal are similarly ovate; the petals ar

large, triangular, acute and oe and the blade of the lip is long-ligulate distal

to an acutely deflexed, basal claw

ees lobata Luer, Orquideologia 20: 214, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin /obatus, “with lobes,” referring to the lobed lip.

Plant small, ape epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls very slender, erect 6-8 cm

long, rene a by the mi e Leaf erect t, rect, coriaceous,

narrowly esa “eke, 5-6.5 cm long, 0.5 cm wide in the dred state, t , harrowly

ee Inflorescence a fascicle of successive, lon i ele from a5

mm long spathe at the base of the leaf, the te par 10-15 mm long; flo ral b ct infundibular,

2-2.5 mm long; pedicel 3-3.5 mm long; ovary, 2.5 mm long; eon ‘white with lilac.” ns tara

— except for a few cellular spicules along the carinae, al sepal ovoid, acu

ate, concave in the lower third, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide son the lateral vA Sed

poser into a concave, ovate, acute synsepal, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide; petals entire, narr trowly ovate,

oblique, acuminate, 5 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip trilobed, 1 mm long, 3 mm wide across the lateral lobes

expanded, the lateral lobes oblong, erect, with broadly rounded ends, flanking the column, the apical lobe

naerawlys oblong, decurved, sar be 75 mm long, the disc with a suberect, acute callus above the

base, the b attached to the base of the column; column clavate, | mm long, the anther

and stigma apical, the foot n Nee

COLOMBIA: Anti st along Rio Dol ar Angostuna, alt. 2000-2300 m,

Dec. 1891, F.C. Lehmann s.n. een =

This species was collected by Lehmann over a century ago. As far as I know, it

has not been collected again. It is distinguished by the very slender ramicauls and

leaves. The inflorescence is a fascicle of successive long-pedunculate flowers

borne from the base of the leaf. The dorsal sepal and synsepal are narrowly con-

cave; the petals are narrowly acuminate; and the lip is three- lobed with the lateral

lobes large, rounded and erect, flanking the column, while the much smaller middle

decurves. The base is firmly attached to the base of the footless column.

30 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ss eee ee PM) SO, CO op LF Y 1, vd I): 20, 1996.

Bey: : From the Greek orektos, “stretched out,” referring to the elongated peduncle.

Ptant small, epiphytic, roots slender. Ramicauls very slender, erect, 5-10.5 cm long,

caespitose; roots

with a tightly fitting tubular sheath below the middle, and 2-3 sheaths about the base. Leaf spreading,

coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, acute, 3-4 cm long, LS.om wide, cuneate to proanded below at the sessile

base. Inflorescence y fl . duncle 3-4 cm long, sub-

ce 2 “a. 2 7 2. it re 7 ig: wood 1 4 A mm | ng; ; Sepals

as 8c red-brown along the veins, glabrous, the sepal ovate, narrowly obtuse,

7 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral connate into an ovate, obtuse 65

mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals yellow, suffused uffused with brown below the middle, ovate, slightly

py a gp ee rae talion wit

anguaet, ghly nex acute, the

tuse, the disc slight b b ir of “ng base deflexed

tran ene column-foot.

COLOMBIA: Risaralda: of Apia, alt. 2000 m, 1987, collected by G. Sema, cult. at Colombor-

quideas, 27 Dec. 1992, R. Emaar 5100 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer 16615.

This little species is basically similar to the others in the series. The solitary,

yellow, red-striped, widely expanded flower is borne by an erect, slender peduncle

as long as the leaf. Because the leaf is spreading or horizontal, the flower is held

high above the blade. The dorsal sepal and synsepal are narrowly obtuse, the petals

are nearly as large, and the lip is triangular.

pseudopogon Luer & Hirtz, sp. no

Ety.: From the Greek pseudopogon, Erde Minch lees cites tnde the tis

__ Species hace P, habenulae Luer & Escobar affinis, sed sepalis intus pubescentibus cum synsepalo

dium .P ig gis * lelallz 1. * 1. res ee , 7.

RP a Rs Hie ze, epiphytic, ca Spit » Foot lender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 10-18 cm long,

EEE ARR EN d 2-3 b Leaf erect to more or

sea blow ti is toc be , elliptical-ovate, acute, slightly acuminate, 5-7 cm lon wide, cu-

slender ‘ le4 aan Inflorescence a baer produ

a spathe 7-8

+h. «+h

g, 2-2.5 cm

ced successively bome By 4 a

led with purple, finely pubes-

ctw dal pl cla wa ome mba tt 10.5 mm long, 5 mm wide, 3-

Sabie ae “ connate into ddle. convex

middle, snag hye 4-veined: petals br rown, densely short-pubescent, ciliate,

narrowly the ~ovate, acute, 10.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, , Svein lip brown, cellular glandular-

patrecent, the linds obovate, subacute, minutely at 3 mm wide, acutely deflexed

hs S . mm long, footless. the anther and

ECUADOR: Carchi: Bolivar,

Hire &J. iM—_nZuca 18 Feb. 1998, C. Luer, J. Luer, A

Pies ae known from a single locality in northern Ecuador, is allied to P.

Occurs nearby as well as in southern Colombia. It is distinguished

from the latter by larger flowers, a

synse con 3

oblong, acute petals: and an pal below the middle; narrowly

Pleurothallis quadricaudata Schltr

1920, ~ Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 112,

Ety.: From the Latin nate z

the sepals and petals. quadricaudatus, “with four tails, referring to the elongated, tail-like apices of

Syn.: Pleurothallis

By.: From tie Lain wade eae pre. sehbs 74, 1980.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 31

Pl Il t dium in size, epiphytic, caespit ts slender, densely SHEN Ramicauls

slender, erect, round in cross s section , 2-8 cm lon ong, with close, tubular sheaths above the base. Leaf

thinly c oriaceous, subspreading, sessile, ovate, 3- 7 cm long, 1. 2-2. 3 cm wide, the apex acate, long-

mucrona ate,

bome from a a prostrate s| spathe 2- nog thee pss 1.0 mn ng or

3-5 mm long; pedicel 4-5 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm long; sepals and petals purple, the dorsal

sepal very narrowly ovate, acute, pene Sika 23-50 mm long, 3-6 mm i 3-veined, ae lateral

epals tely into a similar synsepal, 23-50 mm long, 3.5-6 mm wide, 4-veined; petals very

narrowly ovate, etait subsigmoid, hay began: 23-45 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, minutely ci-

eet lip purple, sora connie So tek a glabrous, the apex

arrowly 2 gl , the disc with a glenion

xed, hi ged to the b fihecol ; col iterete, 1 5 mm long, the Sale ck

COLOMBIA: eae without locality, M. Madero s.n. (Hol ed at B). Choeé: San José

del Palmar, cultivated at ee 20 Nov. 1981, C. eu ee. Narifo: epiphytic in

cloud forest north of Ricaurte, alt. ca. 1600 m, 3 Nov. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & K. Walter 4606

(holotype of P. arachnion: SEL).

pee Imb: babura: forest southeast of Lita on road to Santa Rosa de Cachaco, alt. 1600 m, 19 Mar.

Ljere £202 a d- MO) Cc Luer illustr. 15288.

risa a Cotecabian nltecdien by Madero, Schlechter — this species

without a lip, because the long-attenuated sepals and petals were distinctive and

unknown in any previously described species. His published i illustration of the

sepals and petals could represent any one of three closely allied species. A collec-

tion with uncinate basal lobes of the lip is chosen for the neotype. Two additional

species are extremely similar, differing only in the morphology of the lip.

Pleurothallis quadricaudata is widely distributed in the Western Cordillera of

Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. The long-tailed flower rests on the dorsum of

an ovate leaf. The sepals and minutely ciliate petals with their hair-like attenuated

apices vary in length from 23 to 50 millimeters. The lip of the specimen chosen for

the neotype is narrowly triangular with erect, basal angles that are acute and an-

trorse to uncinate. The disc is mostly filled with a shallow, central depression with

a callous, circular margin.

Di we: 4

Lue

Ey Fe th an guatermriy, “wh four pas Scarce ane ena ae aU

=i sweihs P rowleel

£&

genala di. 1 34 1 ants + © 4°. Ae te Asots ati

7 is £ g &

Plant medium i i ts slend _Ramicals slender, rect, round in ros

section, 11-15 cm long, ake a sre tubular shi i Leaf coria-

, sessile, ovate, acute, 6-10 cm long, 23 cm a, the base broadly cuneate. Inflorescence a fasci-

cle of solitary, pathe 5-8 mm we at the base of the leaf;

peduncles 20. 25 1 t 1 pedicel 3 5-5 mm long; ovary 3.5 mm pe sc

rose the ¢ dorsal tan, ovate, acute, concave below middle, 15 mm mm wi

rei ae gare, spl 1, 14 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals

Tose-purple, ovate, obli acute, mspomed ciliate, 12 mm long, 4 mm wide, 5-veined; lip purple, gla-

brous, trian; triangular-sagittate tate, acute, 4mm mm long, 2 mm wide, the basal angles erect, rounded, the disc slight-

f indi over the veins, with a glenion above the base, the base sub-

mm long

truncate, —o reflexed, ear inl to the base of the column; column semiterete, , the anther and

aes Valle del Cauca: wi ae gm data, flowered in cultivation at Orquideas del Valle,

12 March 1997, C. Luer 18418 (Holotype: M'

This species is closely related to : yee Ames, but it is distinguished by the

inflorescence that is single-flowered instead of racemose. The flowers are also very

similar, but those of P. quaternaria are distinguished by the slightly larger, multi-

veined petals that are about as long as the sepals.

32 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis ramosii Lue, » SP. NOV.

Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, co-collector of

this species.

Planta mediocris, foliis anguste ovatis, floribus solitariis successivis longi-pedunculatis, sepalo

dorsali synsepalog gust ti gi-linearibus, et labell ° trilobo, lobis laterali-

Inne oth tertin Inka 3, + al, 11,

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; lender. Ramicauls slender, erect to suberect, 5-9

cm long, with a tightly fitting tubular sheath below the middle, and another at the base. Leaf suberect to

i s, ovate, acute, acuminate, ong mace, 4-6.5 cm long, 1-1.7 cm wide, the base

cuneate into the sessile base. Inflorescence a solitary flower produced successively, bome by a suberect

erp 20-23 -3 mm long, subtended by a spate sid mm —_ - — ~~ of the leaf; ae 6 mm long;

e, acute, acu-

Hnsoh es concave below the middle, 12mm long, 4mm sd cer S-veined, the rae ral sepals

connate into a concave, ovate, acute lamina, long, 4 mm wide, 4-veined; petals yellow, narrowly

linear, acute, 12 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined; lip tin pl three-lobed, 3 mm n long, 3: 75 igi

across the lobes expanded, the anterior lobe ovate, acut

peepeshoged erect, broadly rounded, the disc sulcate centrally with a transverse callus across the base vi

mm long, Stee renee Sg 2 ines

F gma subapical, ventral, foot oe memor's -like.

bapa MBIA: Chocé: San José del Palmar, Cerro del Torra, Rio Negro below the ry Sh alt. 1900 m,

hae 1988, JE. Ramos, PA. Silverstone, LH. Ramos et al. 1224 (Hol lotype: MO), C

18463; same area, alt. 1800 m, 12 Aug. 1988, JE. Ramos, P.A. Silverstone, ‘Ty cane

oy (CUVC, MO).

This species, apparently endemic on Cerro del Torrd in the Western Cordillera,

is characterized by slender rami cauls; spreading, narrowly ovate leaves; successive,

long-pedicellate flowers; narrowly ovate, acuminate dorsal sepal and synsepal;

long, linear petals; and a three-lobed lip with large, erect, rounded basal lobes and

an ovate, acute, anterior lobe. The disc of th

pointed callus from the base. e lip is sulcate, overlaid basally with a

ater peer Luer, sp. nov.

Sagittilabius, “with arrow. ” rel

Planta ' fois angueo me Naiiideas Ping ¥0 ti Iabeloan.

dorsali evn.

Serbo labllosagitifom act Seca iAtuniemicigonice acutis minutissime aoe

Plant :

-_ round in cross pene ee gut Hc, Caespitose; roots slender, densely fasciculate. Ramicauls slender,

©. Leaf coriaceous » Sessile, * cag eed sheath base and another at

pen the base broadly cuneate bape + 5-6 cm long, 1.2 cm wide, the apex acute, long-mu-

flowers bome from a Prostrate spathe 45 Inflorescence a fascicle of solitary, successive, yellow

bract 3 mm long; pedicel 2.5-3 mm | oe g, at the base of the leaf; peduncles 7-8 mm long; floral

inate, concave, 6 mm x pho oe * Sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate,

synsepal, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 4-veined. ; petal 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into a similar

4.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide. |-ve; id, acute, slightly acuminate, minutely

basal lobes expanded » *-veined; lip tri -sagittate, 2.6 mm long. 2 ide across

column, the disc s]i the apex narrowly acute » the basal eer Se

— hinged t angles erect, subacute, flanking the

: the te ease of the column; e, the base subtruncate,

sigma apical, the ‘Cot rudimentary, column cylindrical, 1 mm long, fhe eine a single-lobed

COLOMBIA: Vallle del Cauca: Finca 7;

1994, J. Giraldo G. & L. Olver A. 559 (leaps TUT a ee ee 27 Noe

This bois duc MO), C. Luer illustr. 1

ee | losely Telated

Sagittilabia is distinguished by the rene multiflowered P. rowleei aes but P.

on ithi the short,

nce. Within the series coreg single-flowered inflores-

but easily distinguished oa hygiae it is mo losely related to P. forceps-cancri,

petals, the latter by the m much shorter, non-caudate sepals at

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 33

Pleurothallis simulans L.O. Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: ee 1940,

~_ From the Latin s simulans, _resen mbling,”

kpon small, eee caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2. 5-6 cm long, with a

clos 1-2 sheaths at the base. Leaf suffused

th purple beneath, erect, narrowly elliptical, acute, b, souls, 3-5 cm long, 0.7- 1 cm wide, narrowly

base.

cuneate below into the . ry

4mm long, oe a 1 spathe 5-6 mm long at the b f the leaf; floral t 3 mm long; pedicel 4mm

yi ovary 3 lab ternally, cellul “papillose within, the dorsal rg

cope ig acc eo Ai als ca de, 3-vein ed, th lat letel

an one. acute synsepal, 7-8 mm long, 5mm aie 4-veined; pe tals purple, elliptical, acute, slightly

acuminate, with ciliate-lacerate margins, 5-6 mm long, 2 mm wide. 1-veined; lip purple with yellow

margin, thick, ovoid, 3 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse, minutely apiculate, with the margin thick,

denticulate, verrucose, the margins above the base rounded, incurved, the disc with a large gicnion

extended from the shallowly concave base, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column purple, terete, stout, 1 mm long, the anther and sticsn aniesl. hea a

PANAMA: Cock: north rim of El Valle de Antén, P. Allen 1912 (Holotype: MO?). Veraguas: 3 Sept.

1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1156 (SEL).

This species is endemic in central Panama where it is uncommon. It is charac-

terized by a single, non-resupinate dark-purple flower produced at the base of a

elliptical leaf. The sepals are ovate and shortly acuminate, the petals are

elliptical with lacerate margins, and the lip is thickly and broadly ovate with a

minutely denticulate-fringed margin. A large glenion occupies the center of the

The position of this species in classification is not certain. It has characters that

strongly suggest both subsections Acroniae and Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, but the

habit and petals together seem better accommodated here.

Pleurothallis sobrina Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 185, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin sobrinus, “‘a cousin,” referring to the cl fF P

in the subsection

. a in si ots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 12-14 cm long,

enclosed ran a thin, nore ate low the middle and another at the base. Leaf erect, Sn Sale

ovate, subacute, lightly acuminate, eid ona 1. 5-1. 8 cm wide, the base sessile,

ae ae ae tog oatoeeare papeen mie

e e

ovary 1.5 mm eo oe (color unknown), stress, the dorsal a ovate, acute, lightly scanzinate,

concave, 7 lon:

in outline to the pci sepal, 6.5 mm n long, 3.5 mm wide; petals Is (color unknown), ciliate, cee py!

_ the distal third acute, acuminate, 6mm mm long, 1. 5 mm wide, lip (color pine: trilobed, 2.5

g mm long, the

nr sre and anki he clue, heal ec te mt en

n-foot; col teret 2.5 mm long, th i d stig ical 1 t

ECUADOR: Past ‘tic in cloud forest along Rio Zui aah 2400 m, 23-28 Feb. 1990, A. Hirtz

etal. 1859 Gloag

This species is distinguished from the numerous others in this single-flowered

series of subsection Acroniae by the proportionately long, slender ramicauls. As

with many of the others, the inflorescence is a fascicle of long-pedunculate flowers

borne from the base of an ovate-subcordate leaf. The flower of P. sobrina is distin-

guished by its small size, sepals without tails, and a three-lobed lip with the small

middle lobe narrowly triangular and the erect lateral lobes broadly uncinate flanking

the column.

34 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

somnolenta Luer, Orquideologia 20: 225, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin somnolentus, “sleepy,” in allusion to the gaping, nodding flowers.

Plant medi , epiphytic, espitose; roots slend Ramicauls slender, erect, 8-15 cm long,

with a close, tubul: ddle and 2-3 others at th Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly

ovate, igh acuminate, acute, 7-10 cm long, 1- 1.5 cm wide, te bel —— the sessile base.

Inflorescence re : mm long, with a thin

spathe 3-5 mm ] t the b f the leaf; floral t “pg 0m sia mi 5-6.5 mm long;

aie oe oc translucent purple or yellow, glabrous, shallowly carinate, orsal sepal

et pe wis, Bscined., the Jnteral sopels connate ir to an

acuminate, concave synsepal, 10 mm long, 4 mm wide, 6-veined, the apex narrowly cymbi-

Psa minutely bilobulate; petals purple or yellow, glabrous, ovate, oblique, acute, acuminate, 6 mm

oo ——s lip yellow, 3 obed, 2 mm long 4mm wide across the lobes expanded,

the apical lobe ovate the lateral or

tl bes broly rend ee falc de column, the disc broadly callous, the base br oo

om column stout, 1.5 mm long, footless, the anther,

COLOMBIA: Chocé: Munic. San José del Palmar, Cerro del Torra, epiphytic in cloud forest, alt. 2000-

2400 m, 12 Aug. 1988, National Geographic Society grant 3884-88, P. ee ee N. Paz, R.T.

Gonzdlez, J.E. Ramos, L.H. Ramos & A. Henao 4334 aed api oe ae MO), C. Luer illustr.

16335, same area, alt. 2500-2550 m, 14 Aug. 1988, National “dei Society grant 3884-88, P.

Silverstone, N. Paz, RT. Gonzélez, JE. Ramos, LH. Ramos & A. fae tie 4389 (CUVC, MO).

. Pleurothallis somnole a, apparently endemic in a remote area of the Western

neo of Colombia, is hice by the narrowly ovate, sessile leaves; a

fascicle of single-flowered peduncles: translucent yellow or purple sepals 10 milli-

nestor long that are concave all the way to the tips; oblique, acuminate, three-

ec eaho es a soos ei lip with the broad, rounded, basal lobes flanking

1s ano — like Fe Ss

eigen amailans, that appears to be between

phyllae MILELHMILIUE,

stevensonii Luer, Selbyana 1: 296, 197

By.: Named in honor of the late FL Stevenson of Champl Chamblee, a who discovered this species.

10 cm long, with : =. ur ae Toots very slender. Ramicauls very slender, erect to suberect, 3-

ialy coriaccons, to, eath below the middle and dmathor at the base. Leaf suberect to

subcordate. Inflorescence a _ ti gaa gs 1-2.2 cm wide, the base sessile, rounded to

8 spathe ccossive, long. flowers, borne from a 5

25-3 eae tthe base of the leaf, the the peduncles slender, crc, 20'30 mm long floral bract tubular,

— rose spots, subcarinate Jak + zg sometimes

lower third, ypc a sad arg sepal ovate, acute, lightly acuminate, concave in the

com ly obtuse synsepal, 8 PG asap the lateral sepals completely connate into a

mottled with rose, entire, li 10mm = 3.5-4 mm wide; petals fleshy, sometimes

8-9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; lip green or

expanded, the lateral lobes

the ; column semiterete, 2 mm

ECUADOR: Pichincha

Claw Ameen 24 (Holorn BAGG ac and Santo Domingo, 10 Mar. 1975,

Wilhelm 567 (SEL); same area F L ‘et © area, alt. 1500 =) Ane 1975, C. Luer, G. Lar &

Domingo, alt. 1650 m, 31 Mar. ie 8 Dake Cee ald Chiriboga and

Santa Rosa de Toachi, alt. 1300 m, Mar. 1990, 90 A am, TH Her Kuijt & A. Hirtz — (MO),

This fragile, Scavers all st

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 35

Pleurothallis t Lue , Sp. no

a From the Greek tetrachaete, “with four hairs,” sada to the elongated, hairlike apices of

the sepals and —

Snecies haec P ;, data Schl similis, d 5 Ay Ise } gi =} , label dupl * *.

lobis basalibus subnullis differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, suberect, round in cross

ion, 4-8 cm long, with close, tubular sheaths above the base. Leaf thinly coriaceous, subspreading,

sessile, ovate ovate, acute, 3-4 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm wide, | 2 te, the base b ly ded

base of the 1 f; ped Aj. 1 meine i. 0% £1 +4 2 As 1 4-5 1 y 3-4 mm

d u the dorsal Pi 1 very Bhat ovate, acute, long-attenuate, 25-40 mm

long, 2: “es mm wide, 3-veined, the lat 1, 25-40

long, 3.5-4 mm wide, 4-veined; petals very narrowly ovate, a acute, , subsigmoid, long attennate, 20-35

mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, 3-vei 2.5 mm long, 1 mm

ide, glabrous » the apex acute, decurbed below the middle with low, rounded, marginal eagles the disc

featureless, the defi miterete, 1 mm

long,

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: epiphytic in wet forest west of Lita, alt. 750 m, 18 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz, C.H. Dodson, D. = & D. Bermudes 12388 (Holotype: MO).

This species is closely allied to P. quadricaudata and P. tipuloides. All three

occur in different localities. They are superficially similar except that the longer

peduncles of P. tetrachaeta bear the flower beyond the tip instead of midway. The

sepals and petals with long-attenuated apices are inseparable from those of the other

two. The lip, however, is only half the size without basal lobes. The morphology

of the lips of these three taxa may be found to merge if a large number of specimens

were available for study. At the present, they will be recognized because the dis-

tinctly different lips probably indicate different po:

— . i : 388, 1983.

Pleurothallis tipuloides Luer, Phytologia 54: 3 fly (Tipula). Tipula from the

Latin, “ a water Bey =

Plant medi epiphytic, ts slender, d ly fasciculate. Ramicauls slender,

erect, round in cross section, 4-9 cm long, with close. tubular sheaths above the base. Leaf coria-

ceous, subspreading, sessile, ovate, 3. 5-6 cm long, 1. 5-2 cm. wide, the apex acute, long-mucronate, the

= \=

UiIVad!

prostrate s oe a of the leaf; peduncles 15-20 mum ong ora bac 3 ong;

deel seat soy ie, so cinema Soo le ih pe

dorsal ovate, acute, lon -ttennate, mm long, mm wi -

“Samet aotpreti reg : , 28 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals narrow-

ly ovate, sso acute, long-atten mate, 20 1 mm a 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, minutely ciliate; lip

light ovate-trilobed, 5 mm long, spi the apical lobe narrowly tri , sharply acute, the

basal lobe eed denticulate, embracing the column, the disc with a small glenion eign

of of the middle lobe, , the base orga to the base of the column; column semiterete, 1.5 mm long,

ECUADOR: Plehin h loud f Mindo t rto Quito, alt. 1600 m, 13

Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Hirtz & S. Dalstrém 7324 skews : SEL). “‘Pacto,” ow Teague 258 (MO).

This species from the western slope of Pichincha is similar to P. quadricaudata

from Colombia and Ecuador farther to the north. Both species are characterized by

an ovate leaf and a single flower with long-acuminate, attenuated sepals and petals.

The lip of P. tipuloides is twice longer with a narrowly triangular anterior lobe with

a small glenion, and erect, rounded, denticulate basal lobes.

36 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

is wigginsii C.Schweinf., Amer. Orch. Soc. Bul. 17: 494, 1948,

Ety.: Named in honor of Ira L. Wiggins

Plant medium in si epiphytic, itose; slender. Ramicauls slender, ee 6-19 cm

long, with a tubular sheath t he middle and 2-3 oth . Leaf more or less spreading to

horizontal, coriaceous, narrowly ovate, acute, 5-8 cm long, 1.8-2.5 cm wide, rounded to cuneate below

into the sessile base. Inflorescence a fascicle ascicle of successive, een ess, bome by slender peduncles

2-4 cm long, from a tubular, 31 mm long; pedicels

5-7 mm long; purple, minutely pubescent within,

Hijo ncblpanepe concave, 9-11 caches | mm me wile, 3 gammy the lateral sepals connate

into an ovate, acute, concave concave synsepal, sometimes convex below the middle, 10-11 1 mm long, 5 mm

wide, ene pes narrowly ovate, acute, minutely ciliate, 6-9 mm long, 1.5-2.25 mm

wide, 3-veined; lip dark red

sagittate-tril microscopically pubescent, with the margins

ically erose, 6.5 sel Ree 2.5 mm wide, the anterior lobe ovate, acutely deflexed from a claw

2mm long, acute atthe apex, the basal lobes erect, rounded, rerorse, the disc wi with a small glenion above

the base, the base concave, unguiculate, hinged to th stout, semi

semiterete, 2.75

mum long, the anther and stigma apical, the foot obsolenne

eVADOR: Imbabura: Ceyambe South of Las Toldadas, in bogey ci ciénagas, alt. 10,300 ft., 29 July

Coat ane seg (Holotype: AMES AMES; Isotype: CI). Pichincha: west slope of Volcan Iliniza,

pron 23 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. fre ten (MO). Napo: east of the pass

Salcedo, Speen 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4768 (SEL ).

t ip ts at high altitudes of the Andes of north-

central Ecuador. It is i ,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 37

PLEUROTHALLIS SUBSECTION PLEUROTHALLIS

plage ncan subgen. icine sect. Pleurothallis subsect. Pleurothallis.

Type: P.

thallis ruscifolia Jacq,

Ety.: From ‘he a —- “ii branches,” saratae to the cluster of erect, slender

Di i ¢. 7 A

Ramicauls erect, terete, a be aoe ‘unifoliate, ea ine ‘tubular sheath

below the middle and 1-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, smooth, narrowly

or broad] lightly

Seg petiole. Infl sh rtly racemose or si ral fl d, fl Ii 2-p llate, resu-

pinate or non-resupinate dependi position, usually p y pale-colored, b ins coc giieeds

stead £, eL 4 1 Grek thes kK f sh 1 f with a short, i

thin, infundibular or tubular, ite; pedicels slender, the floral b ; ovary smooth; trivalvate;

Z membranou Ss, acute. b t btuse, to acuminate, thes: fF

, concave below the middle, the lateral sepals completely te

not deeply cucullate, synsepal; p to line: ate t te, entire, aes

— the apex; lip small, thick, variously tee with or without small lateral lobes, with or without

umn; column terete, non

ce Sale non-toothed, non-hooded, the anther apical and the stigma apical ¢ or —— aa 2 che

void, with a microscopic

Twelve species are included here with the common and widely distributed type

of the genus, Pleurothallis ruscifolia. Most are closely allied with the flowers

borne in short, one- to two-flowered racemes (in one species, up to eight flowers),

most of which superficially appear to be single-flowered. They are produced in

fascicles at the base of a petiolate leaf. Somewhat longer racemes bear a few simul-

taneous flowers in two exceptions. Single-flowered species with a petiolate leaf

occur in subsection Macrophyllae-Racemosae (i.c., P. inflata Rolfe).

EPITHETS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALLIS

REFERABLE TO SUBSECTION PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis bicallosa Luer & Hirtz Fig. 51

Pleurothallis ce cernua Luer Fig. 52

thalli Lindl Fig. 53

Pleurothallis circinata Luer Fig. 54.

th | Luer Fig 55.

Pl thalli — is Luer. Fig 56.

Pleurothallis flaveola Luer & Hirtz Fig. 57

Pleurothallis seat Ames = P. ruscifolia

ri Hawkes Fig 58

DI 4h: 1 Te Fig 59.

Pleurothallis multicaulis Poepp. & Endl. = P. ruscifolia

Pleurothallis notabilis Luer & Escobar Fig. 60.

Pleurothallis reichenbachiana Schltr. = P. chloroleuca

Pleurothallis rhomboglossa Lindl. = P. chioroleuca ;

thallis ruscifolia (Jacq.) R.Br. meant OP

Pleurothallis ruscifolia (Jacq.) R.Br. var. caquetana Schltr. = P. ruscifolia

Pleurothallis succosa Lindl. = P. ruscifolia

is valvola Luer

Pleurothallis ventricosa Lindl. = P. chloroleuca

Pleurothallis wendlandiana Rchb.f. = P. chloroleuca

38 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBSECTION PLEUROTHALLIS

1R hort, about as long as the petiole of the leaf, 1- to 3-flowered.............. a

1’ Racemes about half as long as the leaf, 3- to 8-flowered 11

2 Leaves large, 5-10 cm broad 3

2’ Leaves small to large, 1-4 cm broad 4

3 Sepals 8-12 mm long; petals narrowly attenuate P. chloroleuca

3 Sepals 5-7 long; petals oblong, acute P. flaveola

4 Sepals less than 4 mm long 5

4’ Sepals more than 5 mm long 6

5 Fi lei og petals thickly triangular......................e.ce++« P. cleistogama

5’ Flowers not cleistogamous; petals oblong, obtuse P. valvola

6 Lip transversely revolute

6° Lip not transversely revolute

P. circinata

—— % 3 . .

7 Lip , abruptly apiculate, bicallous

7’ Lip notas ab

P. bicallosa

8 Lip membranous, more or less transverse with i

Near broadly rounded sides...............--+: 9

8 Lip thick, not transverse with broadly rounded sides . 10

: ly cuneate into the petiole; lip with incurved sides................ P. cernua

iole; lip with sides not

P. cunabularis

TOTES Oe Dore e Seeee ee.

9° Leaf rounded at i

. the base, abruptly contracted into the pe

Soe OC OSS Oe RDO SP OL OS tCe Ee eeneeees.

10 Sepals more than 15 mm long; lip wi

ae 3 lip with lateral lobes P. medusa

Sepals less than 10 mm long; lip without lateral lobes P. ruscifolia

Lip with the base deeply concave, articulated with a bulbous column-foot.........-

, P ASO coms cape aene ee he F 2 he lleri

Lip with the base hinged to the column-foot............... .P. notabilis

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 39

Pleurothallis bicallosa Luer, oe 11: ase nite

Ety.: From the Latin bicallosus, “with tw

Plant medium i in size, , epiphytic, caespitose; it slender. R icauls sh

sadl d2-3 +h. +h seh ;* y nni sis t,

cm long,

coriaceous, eliptical-ovate, acute, Ss om long, 2-3. 3 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole ca. 1 cm

lon

cect ca. 1 mm long withi I 1 bracts thi si sneuin mm

long; pedicels 5 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm a eis allow ite glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate,

acute, , acuminate, sini koa concave, 8. 5 mm long, ; an unexpanded, passe the lateral sepals

, acute, vie 3.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals yellow-

white, acsravas, acute, 8 mm long, | mm wide, ppb lp yellow-white transversely

2 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, the apex transverse, with a decurved um 0.5 mm long, with the margins

minutely erose, ees decurved below the middle, t the di rth

deflexed, h 2 foot - column terete. a mm long, the

foot thick, ry rewnes ith th f the column, the anther, rostellu d sti

ECUADOR: Carchi: plateau above Chical, alt. 1800 m, 11 Jan. 1993, A. Hirtz 5863 ae MO).

In habit this species is inseparable from the ubiquitous P. ruscifolia, which is

variable in size and shape of the leaf. However, the flowers of P. bicallosa are

somewhat larger than those of the usual P. ruscifolia, but the sepals and petals are

of the same shape. The lip is subquadrate and larger than the usual lip seen in P.

ruscifolia, and a well-developed apiculum decurves abruptly from the broad, anteri-

or margin. The base is not at all deflexed as often seen in P. siya Most dis-

tinctive is the pair of erect, subacute calli on the center of the di

Pleurothallis cernua te Selbyana 1: 234, 1975.

Ety.: From the Latin ce er ” referring to the flowers.

Plant small to i ts slender. Ramicauls slender, bie 8-27 cm long,

with a close, nee oe en cee Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly

elliptical-ovate, acute, acuminate, 7-14 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate stcker into a petiole 0. 3.

1.5 cm long. Inflorescence a fascicle of 1-3 drooping, solitary flowers, bome by arching peduncles Me

mm long, from a spathe less than 1 cm 1 ct 3-5 mm long; pedice

5-8 mm Sain ; ovary 5-7 mm — sepals translucent pale green, pale rose to white, glabrous, mem-

branous, ry dorsal sepal often wii a ceatral, purple stripe, narrow ly ovate, acute, 8-9. 5 mm long, 2.5-

3.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral " p — narrowly ovate, acute

synsepal, 6-9 mm long, 2 ded : 6-ckeed petals persia as the sepals, , harrow-

ly linear, acute, 5-8.5 mm long, 0.8-1 a wide, 3-veined; lip pale green, often with acenteal, purple

stripe, transversely obovate to subquadrate, 2-3 mm long, 3 3.5 — wide a, aded, se ear the

obtuse, minutely apiculate, with the — eaatas eid to the eso te the

column, the disc shallowly concave, W — ’ 2)

erete. 2-3 mm long. the foot obsol maby een I d stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: Valle de Chaupe above Baiios, alt. 2200 m, 24 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer &

S. Wilhelm 426 (Holotype: SEL). Sucumbfos: between El Carmelo and La Bonita, alt. 2200 m, ed

A. Hirtz

Harling & L. Andersson 21426 (GB), same area, alt. 2450, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, :

Flores 10854, 10943 (MO); Quebrada Honda, alt. 1450 m, 14 Mar. 1986, D. nm naan (MO);

ordillera del Condor, Patchicutza, alt. 1200-1500 m, June 1991, A. Hirtz 5531 bap east of Mayaicu,

alt. 1300 m, 20 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13500 (M0, :

east of Paquisha, alt. 1200 m, 23 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A & P. Jesup 16120 (MO), east

Los Encuentros, alt. 1700 m, ‘10 Feb. 1993, S. Dalstrim, T. Heijer & H. Wanntorp as

COLOMBIA: del Palmar, Cerro del Torra, 4, above the heliport, alt. 1970 m, 9 Jan.

e Silverstone-Sopkin, N. Paz, A. Duque & H. Bayona 1678 78 (CUVC, MO).

40 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is relatively frequent and variable, especially in size. The single,

drooping flowers are produced in a fascicle at the base of a narrowly elliptical,

petiolate leaf. The colors vary from white through pale rose and pale green, often

with a purple strip down the center of the dorsal sepal and lip. The lip is transverse-

ly oblong, but variable i f the broadly rounded sides.

is chloroleuca Lindl., Orch. Lind. 2: 1846.

Ety.: From the Greek chloroleucos, “greenish white,” referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Pleurothallis ventricosa Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 16, 1859.

ra ranpplsccndinionmes “swollen ventrally,” referring to the sepaline tube.

Pleurothallis wendlandiana Rchb.f, Flora 71: 153, , 1888.

Bh: ‘Named for HofgSctues Hermann Wendland ies at Herrenh

yn.: Pleurothallis rh Rchb-f., Flora 71: 154, 1888, not 1865,

“eg teen the Greek rhomboglossa, “a rhombus-shaped lip,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Humboldtia chloroleuca (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia ventricosa (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis reichenbachiana Schltr., Spec. Nov. Regni Me Beih. 8: 131, 1921.

Ety.: Named for Reichenbach, a new name to succeed P. rhomboglossa 18

__ Plant large, terrestrial, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 20-50 cm long,

erect, coriaceous, elliptical-

ovate, acute to subacute, 15-22 cm long, 5-8 cm wide, the base cuneate into a distinct petiole 1-2 cm

long. Inflorescence a dense fascicle of numerous, simultaneous, single flowers, sen a spathe 7-10 mm

long at the base of the petiole; peduncles 1-4 mm long within the spathe; floral bracts thin, infundibular,

3-6 mm long; pedicels 5-8 mm long; ovary 3-5 mm long; sepals pale a glabrous, the oe

sepal ovate, acute, acuminate, concave, 8-12 mm long, 4-6 mm wide unexpanded, 3-veined, the late

sepals connate into an ovate, acuminate, narrowly obtuse synsepal, 8-12 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, ie)

crema Petals yellow-green, narrowly linear-ovate ate, acute, 7-9 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip

een cate with purple. Ses a 2-2.5 mm long, 1.75-3 mm wide, the apex obtuse to transverse,

a om, tianguar tp, with the sides recurved and margins irre rregular, the disc shallowly concave, the

broadly truncate, not deflexed, hinged on th ;

long, the foot thick. 1.3 mon don aoe = “0 2 uhlerhareltae column terete, 1.5 mm

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Salto de T. dama nde:

as : equen near Bogota, alt. 8,000 ft., Mar. 1843, J. Linden

1269 (Holotype: K; Isotype: W); New Grenada, without locality, cultivated Nov. 1884, . Wer

Te alt. 2400-2500 m, 28 Oct. 1918, FW. Pennell 2650

" del :

00-2000 m, F.C. Lehmann 3223 (K); terrestrial near La Ceja, cultivated by

mee i M190, ,C. Laer 14265 (MO). Caldas: above Anserma Vieja, alt. 2000 m. 26 Oct.

FC Leh, hmann (AMES, BR, G, K). Valle del Cauca: west Andes of Cali, alt. 1500-2000 m,

“ - Lehmann 8223 (AMES),

* westem flank of Andes, alt. 5,000 ft., 1855, W. J otype

eg: ‘ameson 81 (hol of P. ventricosa: W).

eerie me J991 saved by FL Stevenson 1. -1029-5 (MO). Imbabura: above

an Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12450 (MO). El Oro:

above Pifias, alt. ca. 1500 m, m, cultivated by F F L Stevenson 91-1017-6 (MO).

ame Ec oe — distributed from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia into

. are acuminate

attenuate; and the lip is Subquadrate, concave centrally,

broadly obtuse or tr

Eouador inidigeiace rigs apiculate. The similar P flaveola of northern

and €r, yellow flow

an ovate lip with the subacute apex decur ae » Subacute sepals, broader petals

SaaS ne Sa eNe ne

as a ea

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 41

Pleurothallis — Luer, eet 20: 206, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin circinatus, “rolled up,” referring to the shape of the lip.

nt medium in size, epiphytic, ae roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 7-15 cm long,

with a close, tubular sheath below the middle sini 2 3scthets atte tnaes Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly

ovate, acute, the blade 7- 11 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, cuneate below into a Cane syionsh 0.7-1 cm long.

a me peduncles

1-2 mm long, with a spathe 3-5 mm long, iad the apex of the ath floral bracts i inflated, 2 mm

long; pedicels slender, 3-4 mm long; ovary 1 , glabrous, the

dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 6.5 mm long, 3 mm wide une. xpanded, -3-veined, the ‘lateral sepals

connate into an ovate, subacute, concave synsepal, 6.5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 6-veined; petals white,

glabrous, narrowly linear-oblong, thickened at the acute apex, 3.25 mm long, 075 mm wide, 1-veined;

lip yellow, pes 4 revolute into a tube, 2 mm wide, 0.6

in contact with the base, the base broad, subtruncate, fixed ed to the base of the column; column stout, cla-

vate-terete, 1.5 mm long, footless, the anther, rostellum and stigma apical,

COLOMBIA: Valle del — Munic. of El Cairo, Cerro del Inglés, frontera Valle-Chocé, Serrania de

los Paraguas, epiphytic oud forest, alt. 2070-2430 m, 1 Apr. 1988, P. op incase ey N, goes R.

Eriksson, . os 3951 qa CUVC; Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 16334; alt. 2

m, 3 Jan. , P. Silverstone-Sopkin, N. Paz, R.T. Gonzdlez, I. Caleera, D. oe sd, A. Henao con

(CUVC, Moy = area, 14 Max 1988, J.L. Luteyn, P. Silverstone, M. Heredia & N. Paz 12361

(CUVC, .o unic. of San José del —— Cerro del Torra, on Lae below the summit, alt.

2500 m, 12 lo. ot Silverstone-Sopkin, N. Paz, A. Duque & H. Bayona 1786 (CUVC, MO); same

area, alt. 2500-2550 m, > Aug. 1988, National G eographic Society grant 3884-88, P. Silverstone

kin, N. Paz, R.T. Gonzdlez, JE. Ramos, L.H. Ramos & A. Henao: 4352 (CUVC, MO). Risaralda: Pueblo

Rico, alt. 2400 m, collected May 1993 by R. Escobar, fl quideas, 23

May 1995, C. Luer 17555 (MO).

This species is closely related to the common and widely distributed P. ruscifo-

lia. It is distinguished by the narrowly ovate leaves; flowers borne in short, one- to

three-flowered racemes; broader, concave sepals; and a lip strongly revolute into a

transverse tube fixed to the base of the column.

pi +3 we rT Luer nov.

Ety.: From the Latin cleistogamus, ln ” fertilized with a closed flower.

Species haec P. nonanork (Jacq ) R Br. . affinis, J fl istogamis, petalis

lant lata differ

Plant medium in size to large, ic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 7-35

cm long, with a tubular shea' i a sept sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

eo ical, PE or less slightly acuminate, 6-17 cm long, 1-4 cm wi de, the base

tinct petiole ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescence a fascicle of a few or piece simultaneous, single pias

(ningun flowered, _ a napethe ~ a mm long at the base of the petiole; peduncles 1-3 mm

ela eB 2- Sum

eae the dorsal a aia. acute, sounscantes concave below the middle, 48 mm long, 25 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into a narrowly ovate, acute synsepal, 4-8 mm mm long, re

wide, 4-veined; petals Laat see pubis ovate to narrow: wly linear, acute, 2.5-6 mm long, ic, am

wide, faintly 3 cute, 1-15 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide wi

halt 1 IL S

om 4 Den: tip of the coh foot: colt sina stake

knee Gwe

PANAMA: Chiriquf: Bajo Grande, above Cerro Punta, alt. 2400 m, 13 Feb. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.

Dressler & K. Dressler 10527 (Holotype: MO).

This taxon is little more than a cleistogamous form of the ubiquitous P. ruscifo-

lia, but it differs from the latter in the following: the flowers are smaller with thick-

ened sepals that are proportionately wider; thick, narrowly triangular petals that so

wider; and an oblong, acute lip with acutely angled margins above the middle.

base is distinctly concave and articulated with a bulbous tip of the column-foot.

42 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis cunabularis Luer, sp. no

Ety.: sce ecksscn cpanel as cade” £ sigs eoglearamaiaals

me +, trast, +

~ r

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 10-19 cm long, with a

tightly , coriaceous, elliptical-

oblong, subacute, abruptly acuminate, 9-11 cm long excluding the petiole, 3-4.5 cm wide, broadly cu-

neate or rounded below, abruptly contracted into a petiole 1.2-1.5 cm long. Inflorescence a fascicle of

successive, 1+ “flowered peduncles, 15-25 cm long, produced from a spathe ca. 0.5 cm long; floral bracts

tubular, 4 green, translucent, glabrous,

the middle sepel narrowly ovate, acute, B mm long, 4mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals completely

connate into a deeply concave, cymbiform, acute synsepal, 12 mm long, 7 mm wide unexpanded, 6-

veined; petals yellow, glabrous, narrow , acute, 10.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow,

ovate-suborbicular, b iculate,

4...

narrowly ovate,

4mm long, 4. 51 wide, the rounded,

— mor posh & mm apex! broadly roun minu| tely api

lescent column-foot; column stout, terete, 1.5 mm ‘long, the foot obsolescent, the anther, rostellum and

stigma apical.

COLOMBIA: Chocé: Munic. San José del Palmar, Cerro del Torr, between heliport and the mesa

below the crest, alt. 1940-2450 m, 30 Aug. 1988, P. Silverstone-Sopkin, N. Paz, R.T. Gonzdlez, JE.

- Ramos & A. Henao 4909 (Holotype: CUVC; Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 18468.

This species, apparently endemic on Cerro del Torr4 in the Western Cordillera,

is similar to the Ecuadorian P. cernua, but P. cunabularis is larger vegetatively with

broader leaves that are abruptly contracted into the petiole. The flowers of both

species are produced in a fascicle of single-flowered peduncles. The sepals and

petals are similar, but the lip of P. cunabularis is flat and slightly concave centrally

instead of being concave with incurved sides.

flaveola Luer = Lea Seni! 1k: 159, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin flaveolus Her th of

; E “pic Latin flay than those of

Plant large, epiphytic to terrestrial, densel

sely caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 11-40

sealant rit tubular sheath below the mide and 2-3 othe Leaf

re 10-30 cm long, 4-10 cm a rae nyt: Sirsa

nflorescence a fascicle of numerous, simults d singly or in 2- to 3-flowered

MOP nla hic erage a De ee rc bowen s 3-10

; pedicels 6-11 mm long; ovary 3-5 mm long; epee tien

: concave, 5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, th

lateral connate a an ovate, narrowly obtuse synsepal, 5-6.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, enced:

rats ee wly ovate, acute, 3-4 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, more or

the margins minutely crenulate the dice chall LS mm long, 1-1.4 mm wide, the apex 4 i

eet to he cxleons fot,

oot; column stout, terete, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick, bulbous, the anther, rostel-

RCTIA DOR. Dene

1500 m, 28 May 1988, C. — sangeges EFT

m, 8 July 8, law 4A len B73 Gen MO; Isotype: K); se a, 1350-1400

nado, alt. ee 17 gray gor tenaed dor GB). Carchi: epiphytic i in fore

Azuay: Fone: Eneaes btwon C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & J. del Hierro 15124 (MO).

een Guayaquil and {ind Macbala, a. £00 m, May 1985, A. Hirtz 25 74 (MO).

Luer illustr. 17108: Se 1988, A. Hirtz 3623, 3908 (MO), C-

Rubio 18295 (MO). we aa 720850 m, 13 May 1990, C. H. Dodson, A. Gentry, B. Boyle & D.

teal Ah

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 43

This large species, apparently limited to the western slopes of the Andes of

northern Ecuador, is closely related to P. chloroleuca within whose distribution it

occurs. Pleurothallis flaveola differs from P. chloroleuca (syn. i? isa in

considerably smaller, yellow flowers; shorter, acute, non-ac

petals; and a smaller lip with the deflexed apex acute (not broadly MN “aa

apiculate). Although the flowers are usually produced singly (or two successively),

occasionally short, simultaneously two- to three-fl P

Pleurothallis helleri Hawkes, Phytologia 14: 12, 1966.

Ety.: Named in honor of Alphonse H. Heller who first collected this species.

Plant large, epiphytic, te roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 10-35 cm long, with a tubu-

lar sheath below the middle and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, pana eet pe

slightly acuminate, 8-20 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1-2 cm long

cence a fascicle of several, simultaneous, os aiony few-flowered racemes, 5- 10 cm long ‘ocioding the

uncle 1-2 cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 0.5 cm long, at

oblique, = than 1 mm long; pedicels 2.5- 31 mm long; ovary 2-2.5 mm long; sepals yellow-green, gla-

brous, the d rsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, concave below the middle, 6-7.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

3-veined, the te, narrowly obtuse to acute synsepal, 6-7.5 mm

long, 2. 153 m mm wide, ‘4-veined; petals yellow, glabrous, mega fe ovate, attenuate, acute, 6-7 mm long,

0.6-0.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip greenish white, thick, ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex thick,

obtuse to ern me sides cing the middle erect, marked — pusple, the disc with a pair of low,

purple carinae

umn-foot, hinged hancadi cohen stout, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick, bulbous, the aie,

rostellum and stigma subapical

NICARAGUA: Chontales: Cordillera Amerrisque, alt. 2,700 ft., Dec. 1962, A.H. Heller (Holotype: F;

Isotype:

AMES).

ECUADOR: Los Rios: Rio Palenque, alt. ca. 600m, Jan. 1975, C CH. Dodson 5407 (SEL), C. espera

e, 25 June 1966, C. Jativa &

C. Epling 1023 (US).

This species is found in two distant localities, the first known in Nicaragua, and

the second, in lowland western Ecuador. It has not been seen in the vast area in

between. Dodson has suggested (pers. comm.) that this type of distribution could

be the result of ancient Indian g.

Pleurothallis helleri is characterized by a fascicle of several, loosely flowered

racemes up to 10 centimeters long bome at the base of the petiole of a large leaf.

The dorsal sepal and synsepal are similar and acute; the petals are narrowly attenu-

ate; and the small lip is thick with erect margins and a pair of central calli. The

broadest part of the lip is the base that is econo on _ end to accommodate a

ick, convex column-foot. Similar articul ies of subsec-

tion Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, and in all species of scapes Crocodeilanthe and

genus Barbosella. The articulation i is present but to a lesser degree in P. ruscifolia.

urothallis medusa Luer, — ana 12: 51, 1997. ;

Ety.: Named for the = ea with hair of snakes, in allusion to the long, entwined

sepals in the cong: inflorescence.

a tubular

Plant large. Ramicauls slender, incomplete, up to 25 cm long in the specimens, :

sheath near the middle. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ,elliptical-ovate se ay acuminate, Ge 15 ci 2.5-3.5

cm wide, the base any le ca 5mm long ascicle of numerous,

mm below the

simultaneous, single flowers, subtended by a spathe ca. 10 mm long, "em ns 1 sregesiing”

apex of t racts 3-5 mm

concave in

mm long; flowers appear to have been yellow; sepals glabrous, the haste sepal ovate, we an the

the lower > ly long- ~acuminate above, 17 mm long, 5 mm wi expanded , y

lateral sepal it pal, 16 mm long, 3 mm wide, oo a at.

retuse at the tip; petals glabrous, narrowly ovate, acute, 7 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip thick,

44 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

the Inhec th btuse. sh

ovoid, 3 -lobed, 2.75 mm ortly acuminat th the

arg the lateral lobes small, erect, subacute, a canning below the middle, ‘ie disc

margins

shallowly concave centrally, th stout, terete, 1.5 mm long, the

foot thick, the anther, rostellum and stigma apical.

2COSTA RICA: “San José,” alt. 8,800 ft., 30 Apr. 1880, 70-1613 (Holotype: W).

This specimen consists of several ramicauls that have been broken off some-

where between the middle and the base. Who collected this species at some place

called San José in 1880 is a mystery. His name is a cryptic Greek Phi, and his

collection number is 1613. Should any _, i able to give a clue to the locality

mirage of the collector, it would be m

The species is similar to P. chloroleuca. 2s is distinguished by larger flowers

with long-attenuate sepals; proportionately short petals; and a three-lobed lip with

ates a Sis ahs mabe

notabilis Luer & sian uideol 14: 162, 1981. |

Ety.: From the Latin notabilis, “noteworthy, era —

—_— large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse, flexuous. Ramicauls erect, terete, stout, 18-30

cm long Leaf

erect,

rigid, thinly , hervose leat 1 +} kh 41 “a

é- ibaa wide nasa , 3 veans,, broadly obo te, subpetiolate, 14-18 nee

orescence « dense facco of nding alle (0 ian for owed aces, 4-6 cm long,

a a pedicel 9-12 mm long; ovary 2 mm

and

canara to lowe tid the apical trois sary amine acute, , 8 mm long, 3.5 mm wide,

p acute lamina, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide;

yellow-green spotted with purple, linear-ovate, acute, ap eeapaedgey 6mm wide; lip green, marked with

purple, ovate, . ovate, arcuate, 1.5 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, narrowed with minutely undulate margins above the

middle, the apex rounded, api ¢ base truncate; colum 13

cates a n white, spotted with purple, stout, 1.5 mm

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Sonsén, between Sons6n and Argeli 00 m, 30 Se;

a cole ris Seacalepe al., cultivated at La Ceja by M. Np oy cancers Ot 1977, C. ios

This notable species is apparently rare in the Central Cordillera of Colombia

— it is known from only the original collection. The broad, obovate, convex

€aves are thin and sulcate along the veins. Numerous short, few-flowered racemes

siete co the base of the leaf. The dorsal sepal is concave in the

er third and narrowly acuminate above. The synsepal is narrow and flat; the

petals are narrowly attenuate; and the lip is small, th

lip of P. ruscifolia lip ovate and recurved, similar to the

Pleurothallis

Ety.: From the Latin ruscifolius

Sn: don alan, , Enum. 29, ei based on Plum. Ic. 176, f. 2, 1759.

ndrobium ruscifolium (Jacq.) Sw., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6: 84, 1799.

a feral conn. Gey Sp. Ord 5,

» “succulent,” referring to the leaves.

Syn: Peurthlis micas ler ac & Endl., Nov. Be Tos oes Se 107,16 1: 47, 1836.

Se: Hanoi race Gc Kant Rar, Gen P6189.

rei Succosa (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL. 668, 1891.

Ety.: felstntcorelimniord 21, 1923.

Sia: Pea rif “produced densely into a head,” referring to the inflorescence.

eigen a ,Repert. Beih. 27: 55, 1924.

sh yoneseh iy Star em ed. 2, 5: 211, 1813.

with a leaf lik Helleborine rusci majorus.”

pee Was VLOUMCCICU,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 45

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, cacspitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 7-35

cm long, —

— acute, “eT xf less slightly acruninete; 6-17 cm long, 1-4 cm ees the base acuminate into

tinct petiole ca. ong imultaneous, single ‘eles

Gnfequen lowered) lois a eae ca. 7m t the b f t 1-3

; floral bracts g; pedicels +o si ovary 2mm wed sepals | pale die gia:

pre are the carers si mir at acuminate, concave below the middle, 4-8 mm long, 2-3 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into a narrowly eal acute synsepal, 4-8 mm long, 2-2.5 mm

wide, 4-veined; petals yellow-green, narrowly ovate to narrowly linear, acute, 2.5-6 mm long, 0.5-1 mm

wide, , faintly 3-veined, ‘ip light green, ovate, acute to subacute, 1-1 5 mm 1 ong, 1- 1.25 mm wide, with

lumn-foot t; column semiterete, 175 aes kag,

eae foot thick, the soba rostellum and stigma tre

MARTINIQUE: without collection data, Plumier s.n. (Holotype of Epidendrum ruscifolium: Plumier’s

drawing); without collection data, Jacquin s.n. (W). Cote Navire, 1869, M. Hahn 531 (AMES, K).

L’Alma, du Pont, alt. 500 m, 27 Mar. 1945, H. & M. aru grar (AMES, P); Pitons du Carbet,

Boucher, alt. 700 m, 14 Apr. 1979, A. er 94 (AMES, P, UPRRP), Plateau

Michel, 25 Apr. 1975, J. Fournet 2360 (GUAD).

GUADELOUPE: Matouba, Mome Palmiste, alt. 450-1000 m, 1892, P. Duss 3343 (US). Panel a Fumée

alt. 800 m, 22 Feb. 1936, Stehlé 349 (AMES, PY; — du Mome Léger, 21 May 1989, J. Fournet

4547 (GUAD). Basse i Massif d t. 900 m, 10 Aug. 1973, C. & F. Sastre &J.& J.

Jérémie 1939 (AMES, GUAD, P).

DOMINICA: Dr. Imray ee aa Feb. 1882, H. von Eggers 965 (K); near Landat, alt. 600 m, 1881, H.

von Eggers 666 (AMES, BR, JE, M, W). Summit of —_ Plat Pays, alt. mee m, 3 Mar. 1940, W. & B.

465 (AMES,

ENT: alt. 1,500-2,500 ft., 1890, H.H. Smith £GW. Smith 414 (K).

ST. LUCIA: Savanne Edmund District, southeast of Piton Troumassée, alt. 1,800-2,000 ft., 7 May 1958,

GR. Proctor 17913 (AMES

ng 14 May 1891, R. V. Sherring s.n. (K); Azimar Mountain, 18 Nov. 1905, W.E. Broadway

.n. (AMES); south of the Grand Etang, 24 Feb.-6 Mar. 1950, R.A. Howard 10678 (AMES

PUERTO RICO: Near Adjuntas, 27 May 1886, P. Sintenis 4408 (AMES, BR. K, US, W); Sierra de

Luquillo, July 1885, P. Sintenis a (BREM, JE, K, W); near Baranquitas, alt. 1130 m, 30 Oct. 1885,

P. Sintenis 2335 (W). S ee de Naguabo, Monte El Duque, 8 Mar. 1914, J.A. Schafer 2222 (NY, US),

illo Mts., Ca Wequstid 21s 1923, N_L. Britton & E.M. Bruner 7580 aD

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: De La Vega: July 1912, M. Fuertes 1805 (AMES, K, US, W); near 7

stanza, alt. 1250 m, Aug. 1910, H. von Tiirckheim 3526 (AMES, K, M). ae Cord. eek -

300 m, 5 May 1929, E.L. Ekman 12384 (S, US); Peravia: El Manaclar, San José de Ocoa, alt. 4, a

July 1982, T. Zanoni, M. Mejia & J. en (AMES, NY). Puerto Plata: Sierra de —

Arroyo del Toro, alt. 800-900 m, 29 Aug. 1968, AH. a 12390 (AMES, NY). Loma Isabel de Torre

alt. 770 m, 3 July 1887, H. von E; ers 2763 (B

HAITI: Dept. A Nord: vilaer of Mowe Jade, alt. 800 m, 20 Dec. 1925, E.C. Eeoberd S60 CEM,

US); Mome Basil, alt. 1300-1450 m, 15 Nov. 1924, E. L. Ekman 2523 (K); Massif -_ Nord,

Colom| ‘ June 1925, EL. Ekman 4358 (AMES, S); Mome des Commis-

saires, Source Royer, alt. 3,500 ft., 28 July 1944, J.T. Curtis 11 (AMES).

JAMAICA: Nov 1 885, D. Morris im D. Morris 2071 (W). St. Thomas, Maccasucker am

carres and Sunbury, alt. 3,100 ft., 29 Dec. 1974, GR. Proctor 34553 (AMES).

CUBA: Oriente, Sept. 1859-Jan. 1860, C. Wright 1705 (AMES, de tigeeey ee sages:

een Pico Turquino and La Bayamesa, alt. 1350 m ;

(AMES, K, US); Loma de ge Juan (Gato), July 1921, Bro. Leon * 10546 (HA 2 4.000. 11 Ang.

1936, J. Acufia 10643 (HAC, HAJB); Sierra Maestra, Alto de la Valenzuela, alt. 3,800 “oad

955, M. Lépez F. 2282 (HAC, AID) Sierra Maestra, El Uvero, camino a

1969, J. — & H. Lippold 14485 (JE).

ts of Aripo, 10 Jan. 1922, WE. Broadway 9883 (AMES, K) 550, 10 Feb. 1983, C.

FRENCH GUYANA. Region de Paul Isnard, army du Décou Décou, alt. 1989, JJ. De Gran-

Feuillet 692 (BR, CAY); Mont Atachi Bacca, Région de I’Inini, alt. 520 m, 9 Jan.

ville et al. 10491 (B, CAY, FTG, NY, P, U, US).

GUYANA: Montagne de I’Inini, alt. 780 m, 17 Aug. 1985, JJ. de Granville et al. 70) pyrene |

PANAMA: Coelé: Loma del Tigre, north of El Valle, alt. 1000 m, 16 Nov. 1946,

123

COSTA RICA: Heredia: Desen ngaiio, Wendland 1260 (W). Cartago: Sitio Ortiz, pnoe : any

; La Palma, alt. 1700-2000 m, July 1895, A. ge — (AMES); Cachi, recetv alt. 1575 m, 4 daly

C. H. Lankester 357 (holotype of P. slomerata K). Alajuela: Sen Carlos, Z9p0t es Ingram

1938, A. Smith H.837 (K).. Pm Puntarenas: Monteverde st oe 1500 m, 8 July

Ferrell-Ingram 1488 (CR, K, SEL).

46 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

VENEZUELA: “Caracas,” alt. 1600 m, 1842-43, N. Funcke 81 (W). Roraima, Schomburgk 971 (W).

on eee SS 1903, J.R. Johnston 22

Yarumalito, alt. 2350 m, 15 May 1985, C. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valen-

cia 11379 (MO). Valle del Cauca: Cali, between Cali and Buenaventura, alt. 1900 m, 19 Mar. 1989, J.

Giraldo-Gensini 77 (MO, TULV). Putumayo: Mocoa, Caqueté, alt. 530 m, Jan. 1921, W. Hopp 72

(holotype of var. caquetana destroyed at

ECUADOR: Carchi: north of Rio Mira, alt. 900 m, 16 Feb. 1996, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 6301 (MO).

Imbabura: Los Cedros Reserve, alt. 1500 m, 25 = 1996, S. Dalstrém, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram

2223 (MO). Esmeraldas: west of Lita, alt. 300 m, 12 Jan. 1992, C. Luer et al. 15588 (MO). Tungura-

; Cashurco , 18 Mar. 1969, H. Lugo 812 (GB). Napo: Rio Bueno, 22 Feb. 1968, G.

Harling, G. Storm & B. Strém 7169 (GB). Pastaza: near Mera, alt. ca. 1000 m, 11 Mar. 1969. H. Lugo

814 (GB). M d Mi alt. 700 m, 28 Mar. 1974, G. Harling & L.

Andersson 12930 (GB). Zamora-Chinchipe: » Cordillera del Condor, alt. 950 m, 11 Feb. 1993, S. Dal-

strim, T. H6i ijer & H. Wanntorp 1857 (MO).

PERU: lity, 1797, Parte S.n. rita sd P. succosa: M, W), Cuchero, Oct. 1829, E. Poeppig

1430 (holotype of P. multicaulis: W

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Larecaja, Mapiri, i, 1892, M. Bang 1567 (W). Cochabamba: old road from Villa

Tunari to Cochabamba, alt. 700 m, 30 Jan. 1997, C. Luer et al. 18315 (MO

BRAZIL: Amazonia: Terr. of Roraima, vicinity of Auaris, alt. sg 6 Feb. 1960, G.T. Prance et

al. 9665, 9832 (K, NY). Rio de Janeiro: May 1896, Reiner s.n.

This species is perhaps the most common and most widely distributed member

of the Pleurothallidinae, and it is also the type of the genus. Numerous specimens

are deposited in all herbaria dealing with the Neotropics. Although variable in size,

it is easily recognized. The elliptical leaves are more or less acuminate at both

ends. The small, delicate, yellowish white flowers emerge from a small spathe at

the base of the petiole of the leaf. Most peduncles are single-flowered, but a second

flower often follows, or two are produced simultaneously in a loose raceme. The

dorsal sepal and synsepal are acute; the petals are narrow and shorter; and the lip is

ovate and acute. The closely allied P. chloroleuca and P. flaveola are much larger,

but there are intermediate sizes.

Pleurothallis valvola Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 3: 149, io

Ety.: From the Latin valvola, “a small pod, or shell,” referring to the appearance of the flowers.

Plant small,

rapes eR ig se ag roots slender, densely fasciculate. Ramicauls — jase

heaths above the base. Leaf

narrowl ate, acute,

mente into the petite,” 5-7 Sem long including a petiele 0 1 cm long, 0.6-1 2 cm wide, page cu-

eon benraachar ution. 2-3 3 men wide, from the side of the viasiaasl 2-4 nin belo the

2-4 abbrevi confined within the spathe with the floral bract

a tateeipa te apc ems Sei nee

ae" or less suffuse dv obtuse, concave, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-

325 mm ° hid % , obtuse, tely bifid 3 mm long,

n wide, 4-veined; petals andi seg 3.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 3-veined, lip yellow,

thin, rounded, flankin ¥ apex obtuse, the disc shallowly conca e, the basal lobes

g the column, the base subt fem}

column stout, cylindrical, 1 mm long, ee the base sols ere

0.5 mm broad, th

ECUADOR: Morona-Santi

Ml, Clee E tec RA Bee ee orest, Cordillera del Cutucé, alt. 1500 m, 5 Feb.

1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Fl oe MO} Sen 1050 m, 19 Feb.

This little species from southeastern

E us

iat, narrowly age cuador is characterized by shortly pe

cain alae flowers produced laterally from the rami:

ail sak a distance below the abscission se The dorsal

lobed cout anetnitpe aepheolgil

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 47

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 6. Pleurothallis dukei Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 18. Pleurothallis rowleei

Fig. 17. Pleurothallis polysticta

Fig. 20. Pleurothallis stricta

Fig. 19. Pleurothallis sanluisii

PT Smt ese OE ASAE IH OFA PT

SORE OREO Hii Seawater er pei Iara

Fig. 22. Pleurothallis tryssa

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 26. Pleurothallis amphigya

Fig. 25. Pleurothallis allenii

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 33. Pleurothallis fugax

SPIT ROR i Se EOE Ge tt Pe Ath

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 38. Pleurothallis orecta

Fig. 37. Pleurothallis lobata

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

eat Sa OT ae ATT OST ae eee

Fig. 57. Pleurothallis flaveola

Fig. 62. Pleurothallis valvola

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 63

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Sections Abortivae, Truncatae and

Pleurothallis subsections Acroniae and Pleurothallis

Acronia

alien 5,6, 17

1,2,3

subsect. Acroniae 1, 4,5, 6,22, 33

subsect. Antenniferae 1,2, 4,6

subsec. t. Longiracemosae 1 1,2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 14

subsect. Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae 1,2, 5,6,

9, 14, 33, 34, 43

subsect. ee ee 1,2,6,37

subsect. Pleurothallis 1, 2, 4,6, 37, 38

series Acroniae 1,2,5,7,8, 11

series Amphygiae 1, 2,3, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 24, 32

amphygiae 5,7, 10, 25, Fig. 26., Fig. 27., 27

annectens 7, 10, 25, Fig. 28., 26

antennifera 4

arachnion

archicolonae | 5,7, 10, 28, 26, Fig. 29.

, Fig. 51.

Kom Ere ; 37, 38, 41, Fig. 55.

pre soca

pinaeoeree 7, Vi, 20

teeny 1, 37, 38, 42, Fig. 56.

cet 7, 9, 11, Fig. 4., Fig. 5., 24

g. 6.

glochis 7, 10,28, Fig. 34

gomezii 1.9.0 iy

litotes

lobata 8, 9, 30, Fig. 37.

i 7, 10, 15, Fig. 11., 17, 20,24

lopezii 7, 8, 15, Fig. 12.

ee ee 23

6,7, 1

i 37, ine Fig, 59.

sagitilabia 1, 8,9, 32, Fig. 43.

saniuisil 7,9, 15,20, Fig 19.

7,1

reciente 33, Fig. 44.

a Se 33 Fe

somnolenta 8, 9, 34, Fig. 46.

rT il

stelidiformis 7, 11

stevensii 7,

64 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

REFERENCES

ee Orchid Flora of Puerto Rico, 132-135.

eek 0. Orchidaceae Antillanae in Urban, S ymbolae Antillanae 402.

Dursranis, CK. & LA: Gata 1959-1976, Venezuelan Orchids Ih

, 1979, aie An een Field Guide, vol. 3.

Fo.pats, E., 1970. Orchidacens in Lasser. Flora of Venezuela 15, Orchidaceae 2: 173-452.

Linpiey, J., 1859 859. Folia Orchidaceae Pleurothallis, 1-46.

Lue, CA 1586. Monogr. Syst. Bot. 20: 56-68.

PREG aac 4. 1.D nr ra Paes

SCHWEINFURTH,

Pleurothallis aps 138-148.

L 8.

C., 1959. acne eine so a

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS SUBGENUS DRACONTIA

(ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

Subgenus Dracontia Luer of Pleurothallis R.Br. is described with a key to the

species. All 18 ip i d shed 4 3)] ee | ith at 1.1 y teen Peg ing.

New taxa:

re si. waz. ah

Luer, sect. nov.

Pleurothallis sect. Cylindria Luer, sect. nov.

This subgenus was proposed in Systematics of Pleurothallis (C. Luer, 1986).

The first species of the subgenus to be described was published as Epidendrum

racemiflorum from Jamaica by Swartz in 1788. The same species was described in

1836 as Pleurothallis oblongifolia by Lindley from a Cuban collection by Wright.

In his Folia Orchidaceae Pleurothallis of 1859, Lindley transferred Swartz’s E.

racemiflorum to Pleurothallis, but the combination P. racemiflora was occupied by

a different species described and illustrated with a colored lithograph by Loddiges

in 18

The second species of the subgenus to be described is P. pachyglossa by Lin-

dley in 1840 from an importation from Mexico by a Mr. Barker. Also from Mexico

the latter species was published for Reichenbach posthumously by Kranzlin as P.

conanthera in the third volume of Xenia Orchidaceae in 1900. As P. formosa, P.

pachyglossa was described for the third time from a Tiirckheim collection near

Cobén, Guatemala, by Schlechter. The next, or third species of the subgenus to be

recognized, P. tuerckheimii, was published simultaneously with the last from a

collection by the same collector from the same area. : ‘

All the species of the subgenus are distinguished by a caespitose habit and a

ramicaul as long as or longer than the leaf. The inflorescence emerges from the

ramicaul with a spathe at a distinct or indistinct annulus a short distance below the

abscission layer. When the leaf is sessile, the annulus and abscission layer overlap.

The spathe subtending the inflorescence is large, conspicuous and foliaceous 19

three species. The relatively large to very large flowers are borne successively oF

simultaneously in a loose raceme. aed ee

The sepals are tailless, but the dorsal sepal of some species 1 gered a

The lateral sepals are connate at least to above the middle, but they are a ies

deeply connate into a synsepal that is shortly bifid at the apex. Eat sane

huge species of section Brobdingnagia with petals unicarinate on me ua cubed

the petals are broadly elliptical, rounded at the ——

concave, and more or less papillose on the convex oo cei enti

The fleshy lip is distinctive in both section Dracontia and sect tama

gia with variations of a pair of erect, marginal lobes below the mits. =

cific section Cylindria is characterized by a longitudinally ee The foot is

The column is relatively short, and often thickened toward the 8 clas tee

well-developed with a more or less free tip that is sometimes _ iia. An incurved

free, incurved extension of the column-foot seen 1m ce pe =r

extension of the column-foot and longitudi pas ae iat The anther

genus Masdevallia, but the habit of the plants easily ‘a=. The anther cap of P.

is subapical or ventral with a pair of free, ovoid sep jes is ventral.

macrantha is conspicuously elongated. Pcotan cay a fam

The 18 species recognized here as Cons! . in coins

Mexico through Panama with one species in the ey aw a ge

herbs that inhabit moist or seasonally dry forests at y

are apparently easy to cultivate in ordinary greenhouse °° :

66 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SUBGENUS DRACONTIA

Pleurothallis =i ge ir theta Luer, “ecg Syst. Bot. 38: 26, 1986.

Schltr, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: si ae

Ety.: Pius as Gok acca © ‘a dragon,” Fait ws the Gone iochive fc

perennial, small to very large in size, — trial, cae: with an abbreviated

zoe; os ltl sent t. Ramicauls erect, te lang a King thn he le nop eudo-

bulbous, sed by middle and | or 2 others at the base.

Leaf erect, coriaceous to vgs coriaceous, smooth, more or less elliptical, with the apex acute to

subacute, shallowly notched i, a mucro in n the si

. : arly usly few- to many-fl | » the flowers resu-

Pinate, variously colored, bome by a slend peduncle th lateral

with an annulus a short di below th fl in, acute. , oblique, infundibular, or tubu-

£.

VelUuw

pe nedicele el 1 ol L ct; ov ary r less fleshy,

to obtuse, never move cand lai Le ] BR a) 1

papa aka the late: t i bifid id lamina; eae

more or less fleshy, oblong to ‘0 broadly obtuse, moro less : rruculose

elliptical,

on the extemal, convex surface, 3-veined, often conspicuously so; lip fleshy, 3-lobed, the anterior lobe

prareepb (with involute sides in one species), with the lateral lobes erect, below the middle, the base

; column terete to subconical, non-

wine he sex vary eta, eae bi wi 2 oboe pola Ane

The aged is divided into three sections based on the morphology of the

petals and lip. The two huge species with a longitudinal callus down the center of

elongated petals constitute section Brobdingnagia. The petals of the rest of the spe-

te are broad, obtuse, » conspicuously three-veined, and concave with the external

ace more or less verrucose. One species with longitudinally involute sides of

is Segregated into section Cyii

in section Dracontia ylndria, leaving all the rest, closely allied species

Subgen. Dracontia sect. D i

Type: Pleurothallis tuerckheimii oo thie Pag

This section is c dncicbeay te the broad, obtuse, concave, usually conspicuous-

ly three-veined petals, and da flesh

y, More or less v. al anterior

lobe of the lip with map co ise » Subcylindrical anteri:

Su ?

Se Pete alta Lacy, etn

7 th pas Where everything was gigantic, from Swift’s Gulliver's Travels.

Petala elongata intus nee

This secti harac

flowers, siden meld large size of the leaves, ramicauls and

on th surface. It

includes two Cental American gas nal carina iia

Powellii.

— pracontia sect. wen ria Laer, sect. nov,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 67

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALLIS REFERABLE TO

SUBGENUS DRACONTIA

Pleurothallis caligularis Luer = P. carnosilabia

Pleurothalllis carnosilabia aa & Hawkes Fig. 1.

Pleurothallis eongndeers Rchb. ‘2 P, pachyglossa

Pleurothallis conochila Luer Fig. 3

dracontea I ver Fig. 4

Pleurothallis formosa a = P. pachyglossa :

Pl thalli Fig. 5

Pleurothallis grandis gute Fig. 6.

thallis ingramii Luer Fig. 7.

Plesrothalis liebmanniana Krzl. = P. cobanensis :

urothallis macrantha L.O Williams Fig 8.

Pleurothaltis megalochlamys Schltr. = P. tuerckheimii

Pleurothallis multirostris Rchb.f. = P. oblongifolia

Pleurothallis oblongifolia Lindl Fig. 9., Fig. 10

Pleurothallis pachyglossa Lindl. Fig. 11.

Pl thalli pap ilhife Rolfe Fig 12.

Pi tl Luer. Fig. 13.

Pleurothallis powellii Schl Fig. 14.

Pleurothallis racemiflora nae Lindl., not Lodd. = P. oblongifolia

Pleurothallis ramonensis Schitr. Fig. 15.

me thy ila Luer Fig. 16.

thalli ti bula Luer Fig. 17.

Pleurothallis tricostata Cogn. = P. oblongifolia

Pleurothallis tuerckheimii Schltr. Fig. 18.

KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SECTIONS OF SUBGENUS DRACONTIA

1 Petals broad, rounded at the apex, concave, more OF less verrucose externally,

conspicuously 3-veined

Section Brobdingnagia

1’ Petals narrow with a longitudinal carina on the inner surface, not conspi ly

3-veined oa

2 Sepals about 3 cm long; petals about 11 mm long, decurved in the natural posi-

tion; lip much longer than GT cccisnninminveens ...P. grandis

2’ Sepals about 2 cm long; petals about 5 mm long, incurved; lip nearly as tall as

i ial P. powellii

Section Cylindria

3 Lip with the sides involute into a SRB aicxcosirctenenunearstsnssanconsianonneeesonsice P. macrantha

Section Dracontia ?

3° Lip not with sides involute into a CHING sencosesscorsenessovsnunensesnrsecnseseennuvonsnecsoeensananennsse

68 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

4 Leaf distinctly petiolate 5

4’ Leaf sessile, narrowly cuneate, or indistinctly petiolate. 8

5 Inflorescence subtended by an inconspicuous spathe; inflorescence successively

flowered.

P. pachyglossa

mi To. Ht ce onhe, ded by pi spath 6

6 Lobes of the lip basal, retrorse P. tuerckheimii

6” Sides of the lip broadly rounded below the middle 7

7 Lobes of the lip occupying about two-thirds the length of the lip.....P. oblongifolia

7 Lobes of the lip occupying basal third of the lip P. cobanensis

8 Inflorescence Successively single-flowered P. perennis

8” Inflorescence with 2 or more simultaneous flo 9

9 Mature ramicauls up to 5 cm long; lip nearly as large as the synsepal, broadly

: rounded at the ag Ror a Re P. carnosilabia

9° Mature ramicauls over 5 cm long; lip smaller than the synsepal, acute to obtuse at

NOK nc 10

10 Leaves narrowly linear, less than 1.5 cm wide. P. ramonensis

10° Leaves elliptical, more than 2.cm wide... 1]

11 Lip with broad lateral lobes occupyin foli

aw 8 lower half of the lip.......... P. oblongifolia

ll Lip with lobes occupying basal fourth of the lip.. 12

2 Lip with a concavity above a transverse calllus...... 13

12" Lip without a concavity. 14

ms Mpa: to obtuse; lateral sepals with margins involute.........P. thymochila

acute; lateral sepals without involute MAargins.......................2. tintinnabula

14 Disc of the lip with a tall callus above

Boi ip wi the base........... 15

14 Disc of the lip without a tall callus above the base cia 16

vl fo be . tall, longitudinal lamella above the base....... P. ingramii

Pp a conical callus above the ayia a Se conochila

16 Lip with the apex narrow

16” Lip with the pan acute, ch aes — Papillose.................u0.00P. a

17 Sepals more ,

17° Sepals less fn BE those MAFINS IMVOLUE.........cccsseseeeeeeeeeeP, fOFtUNAE

mm long without involute MAFBING...............4.....P. papillifera

;

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 69

i ae cormosiiahis Beles & & Hawkes, Phytologia 14: 9, 1966.

Ety.: From the Latin car: a very fleshy lip,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Pawo caligularis iui bree 74, 1976,

Ety.: From the Latin caligularis, “like a little boot,” referring to the shape of the lip.

Plant small fort the section, epiphytic, caespitose, Toots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, o cm

Leaf

ceous, elliptical, acute, shortly petiolate, 2.5-5 cm long includin,

g the Scape a SOMES

wide, cuneate below into the petiolate base. Inflorescence a le ce ely 2 2-flow raceme Ha

2 cm n long including the petiole ca. 1 cm long, bome lat fr it

ficel 2.5 mm 1 ov: ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals

red-purple, the dorsal sepal eliptical-obovate, a acute, , concave, 8-10 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, the

obtuse, mi

epa , y

tite, Sona Fea kee petals translucent with purple v veins, broadly elliptical-obovate, obtuse,

concave, verrucose externally, 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, with the veins lamellate within

above the middle; lip snow white, marked with purple below the middle, fleshy, thick, obovate-3-lobed,

i lobe elliptical,

7 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, with rounded, erect basal lobes, the thick, rounded at

the apex, the disc with a low, “apse inom callus, sk ly f the callus, with a

tip of the column-foot; column white, suffused with

2. sh. sk t

purple-brown, stout, semiterete, 2.25 mm ag bey

anther, rostellum and reasgi cm pa oy glangsind ap apes

NICARAGUA: Chontales: Cerro Pistacho, Babilonia district, epiphytic, alt. 2,150 ft., May 1962, AH.

Heller 6537 (Holotype: AMES).

PA ANAMA: Adar, a Guabal, Rio Dos Bocas, northwest of a Fe, alt. 500 m, 15 Nov. 1974, R.L.

Dressler 6 July 1976, C. Luer illustr. 1022.

This uncommon species is ian from two eae localities on either side of

Costa Rica where, so far, it has not been seen. Vegetatively the smallest species of

the subgenus, P. carnosilabia is distinguished by small elliptical, shortly petiolate

leaves; a short, drooping, successively two-flowered i ence of comparatively

large, fleshy flowers; verrucose petals lamellate within; and a large, white, bulbous,

protruding lip nearly as large as the synsepal.

Pleurothallis cobanensis Schitr., oe Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: si Lacey

Ety.: Named for the town of Coban, emala, near where this species was first di

Syn.: Pleurothallis liebmanniana Krzl., eee Meddel. Dansk. Naturhist. Foren. i cake hf

170, 1920.

Ety.: Named in honor of Prof. F. Liet i

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose, roots areal Ramicauls ae erect, 5-15 cm

idle and 2

long, enclosed by a loose , tubular sheath below the middle rter sheaths at 3 erect,

obtuse, petiolate, £11 on long inchding the petite I arpa 1.5-3 cm wide,

secund

LL, TIT 4 +h bd - MA,

coriaceous, ellipti

cuneate below into the petiolate base. Inf several- to

many-flowered raceme, 8-28 cm long including the petiole 5-10 cm long, borne laterally from near the

apex of the ramicaul, with a conspicuous, foliaceous s cm long; floral bracts 3-5 mm long;

pedicel 3-6 mm long; « ovary 1. 5-2 mm long; sepals d dark red-brown to ee, finely = within

above the middle, e dorsal sepal ovate, acute,

concave, — 13 mm long, 2-3 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, the lateral epals

into an ovate, bifid, bicarinate, concave lamina, 7-13 = long, 3-5 mm ‘wide eae eau ithe

carinae cane to the acute apices; petals translucen with purple veins, broadly elliptical-obovate,

1.8-2.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip dark

rounded at the apex, concave, ed Oe ahem re pie

= or dark red-brown, habe: ovate-3-lobed, 3.5-5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, with b

lobes bes below the middle, th sti lobe ee herein the disc minutely verrucose, super-

Ficially ch channeled, ‘oot; column purple, stout, semiterete-sub-

3 mm long, with th jing | dt ther, the anther, rostellum and stigma

ventral, the foot 1 pend “errant

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: near ~_ alt. 4,300 = Oct. 1885, H. v. Tiirckheim 798 —

designated: AMES 23618, illustr. of type); near Co

presumably destroyed at B; lectotype he

4,300 ft., Nov. 1877, H. v. Pees ine (W); Coban alt. errs Dec. 1887, H. v. Tiirckheim 798

70 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

}; same area, collected by O. Mittelstaedt, flowered in cultivation at Coban, 27 Nov. 1990, C.

(AMES

Luer 14845 (MO).

MEXICO: Veracruz: between Lobani and Petlapa, June 1842, F. F. Eitasinn 7309 (orchid no. —

(holotype of P. liebmanniana: C); Mirador , F. Liebmann s.n Chiapas: east of Comitan, alt.

1400 2 Sept. 1937, E. Monzén 6993 (AMES). Oaxaca: =e collection data, flowered in cultiva.

tion by P. Jesup, 17 Oct. 1975, C. Luer 55 (SEL).

BELIZE: Cayo District: below summit of Baldy Beacon, Mountain Pine Ridge, alt. 1000 m, 22 Apr.

1979, BR. — sys

ya: Cerro Must, alt. 1020 m, AH. pe wie Ce, ).

COSTA RICA: poe an Ramén towards Potreride 1867, A. Endres 30, 67 (illustr. at W); La

Palma de San Ram6n, 5 July, 1927, A.M. Brenes (49)1651 (AMES), Cartago: Candelaria, ca. 1867, A.

Endres 82 (illustr. at W).

This Central American species is Closely allied to P. oblongifolia of the Greater

Antilles, and is inconclusively distinguished by minor details of the lip. The lateral

lobes of P. cobanensis occupy the basal half of the lip, while the sides of the lip of

P. oblongifolia Occupy the basal two-thirds.

Pleurothallis cobanensis i is characterized by obtuse, petiolate leaves; a con-

spicuous sp ously many-flowered raceme of purple flowers.

The flowers appear similar to those of sympatric P. tuerckheimii, but they are only

about half the size. The Primary difference lies in the broadly rounded lateral lobes

of the lip that occupy the basal half of the lip. The lateral lobes of the lip of P.

‘uerckheimii are smaller in proportion, rounded and basal.

ey, ema omeetila Luer, Lindleyana 11 75, 1996,

Ety.: From the Greek konocheilos, “with vane referring to the shape of the lip.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic caespitose, roots slender. Ramica

: . > . uls slender, ag 3-5 cm long,

sos clip nae een i 2 orter sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coria-

ae 5-8 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into

the slende we adistanyse eral-flowered, subflexuous raceme, up to 22 cm long including

pe 11-12 cm long, 2-3 flowers open simultaneously, bome from near the apex of the

y 1 mm below the abscission layer, with a slender spathe 6-7 ;

: mm ; floral bracts 3-4

oe seh 10-11 mm long; ovary 4mm long; dark red- ge tk the dorsal sepal

Tobe thick, thick, narrowly coni conical, acute, transve: 1

te bchingedio tra al sc ies lagen

Cot; column i .

rostellum and is aceasrereat Teoma Se ee ee

COSTA Limén: Canton de

Mangini Ge Talamanca, Fila de exploratién minera entre Rio S Sukut y Rio Carbri,

C: Larceny "pt, 700 m, F. Solés Moma Herrera & A. Chacén 24 (Holotype: nee ae CR),

won Reserve, Cerro Ojo de Agua, Cedral, epiphyti

ro “py Bello 181 (CR); Monteverde, above above Quebrada Cuecha, alt. 1540-1600 m, yan

: In habit this species is Similar to other = of the subgenus characterized

paps » Obtuse, leaf, icuous spathe. The raceme

c is elongated, st Aap lowered and long-pedicellate. The purple

“3 tee a petals, and a narrowly conical

refi notin tase *ugose, Convex and conical at the base. The basal

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 71

eurothallis dracontea Luer, Phytologia ve 204, 1981.

eo From the cont draconteus, * “dragon-like i h witt

nb te v7o Fr Ld anes =~ ee

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-13 cm long,

memos we tubular srt below the middle and oa igi sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coria-

ceous, € acute to s sessile, 5-9.5 cm 1.5-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below it

Inflorescence an erect, distantly, few to many — van

1 4. Se Oe Be tae Ty f,; 2 th £.

caul at the base of the leaf, with a slender spathe 10-11 n long; floral b 5 mm } dice] 5-8

mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals dark purple, villous with white hairs within above the ne middle, the

dorsal | sepal ovate, acute, acuminate, concave, 21 mm long, 5 mm wide, en the lateral sepals

o Pp id, bicarinate, m long, 8 mm wide ex-

panded, the toothed ; petals white, est with purple, obovate-

oblong, Jb sent at the ie apex, concave, ny serene cca 5.51 —- 3 mm wide, ieee

lip white, marked wi th purple,

“as

fleshy, nacnely ovoid, 3-lobed, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm

rounded lobes, the apical lobe rubeylindrcal, pore the apex narrowly < obtuse, more or less

e disc shallowly channeled

is o the tip of the column_-foot; column dark purple, stout, semiterete, e,2 mm long, with a dentate margin

nther, the anther, rost al, the foot white, 2 mm long with the

apex free.

COSTA RICA: Heredia: epiphytic in cloud forest east of Ls of Castillo, alt. 2000 m, 21 June

1981, C. Luer & A. Luer 6358 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: CR. ‘Peek case Braulio Carrillo, Canton

<—e Park Retegio, alt. 2100 m, 4 Nov. 1990, S. ot & K. Ferrell 666 (CR, SEL).

species is distinguished from the other closely related species by the acute,

sessile leaves; a slender, inconspicuous spathe; a long, loose raceme of successive

flowers with sepals long-villous within; long-papillose petals; and a narrow, papil-

lose-verrucose lip incurved at the apex, and with low, basal lobes.

rie wees fortunae Luer & Dressler, ses aan 6: 97, 1991.

Plant medium i in size, » epiphytic, caespitose, | ong slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, pe cm long,

Leaf erect,

enclosed

elliptical, st subacute to obtuse, sessile, 3.5-4.5 cm me 1 5-2 cm wide, cuneate below into se —

distichous.

loose, flexuous, di

10 cm long neat is the veoh ca. 4cm long, bome from the base of the leaf with a narrow spathe 5

mm ope floral bracts 4-5 mm long; ae che = aoe ovary 4-5 mm long; sepals purple-brown,

minutely Eee along the midvein

ovate, acute, 22 mm aa 3 = mm wide en 3-veined, the lateral s

with acute apices, 21 mm long, 5 mm wide

expanded; petals yellow with purple veins, broadly elliptical-obovate, rounded at the apex, concave,

verrucose extemally, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, with red-purple s le suffusion, fleshy,

thick, semiterete, ovoid, 3-lobed, lightly deflexed above the base, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lateral

lobes erect, broadly 1 rounded, above the | base, the api ical lot sind engi: acute, the disc microscopically

dul t; column red, stout, semiterete, 2 mm

d stigma ventral, the

d th ther. the anther. tellum

extemally narrowly

ce. -glan , —)

+h.

long, ap Z

foot 1 meng its

PANAMA: C i the Fortuna dam site, alt. 1000 m, collected Aug.

1976, raed a 13 Nov. 1946, R. L. Dressler s.n. (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer ill. 1610.

Pleurothallis fortunae is distinguished from other species of subgenus Dracontia

by the relatively small habit; obtuse, elliptical leaves; an inconspicuous spathe; a

relatively short, loose, flexuous, distichous raceme of flowers with long, narrow

sepals with involute margins.

72 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

is grandis Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. 234, 1918.

Ety.: From the Latin grandis, “large,” re: ee Ratan ocie

Plant large to 1 epiphytic to t in h , caespitose, roots slender Bier auls

stout, erect, 30-94 cm long, enclosed by a 1 tubular sheath bel and 2 shorter sheaths at

the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute to _—. sessile, 17-34 cm m long, 9- 17 em wide,

cuneate below secun

40-58 cm long including the petiole ca. 10 cm long, bome la’ eee cae ¢ apex of the ramicaul at the

base of the leaf, with a spathe 2-3 cm long; floral bracts 6-10 mm long; pedicel 3 mm long; ovary cellu-

lar-glandular, 5-6 mm long; sepals dark purple to dull green, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly

ovate, acute, concave, 30 mm long, 4 mm mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals connate to n masob oe shea

an oblong-ovate lamina 33 mm long, 10 mm wide, 12-veined, the apex bifid with acute , concave

below the middle; petals fleshy, narrowly ovate, 11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, loneiediindie

carinate along the midvein on the inner surface ace, the apex narrowly obtuse, conspicu ously decurved above

the middle; lip purple to green, fleshy, oblong-ovate, obscurely 3-lobed, 11 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide,

with the margins erect below the middle, increasing in height to broadly rounded, concave, retrorse,

nelod eae tte ntetior Ibe oblong, obtuse, minutely vernscose, the disc chan-

column-foot; column stout, semiterete, 4mm long, tee hag A ve i . sae iad:

ite nn ta ore

pay coms Cartago: Cachi, without specific locali cultivated at Kew, Sept. 1917, C. H. Lankester

ty,

yey ior 13 Dec. 1922, C_H. Lankester 370 (AMES); same locality, Jan

1924, C_H. Lankester 574 (AMES); Cerro de Carizia, alt. 1800 m, Sept. 1900, H. Pittier 14051 (AMES,

-K,S). an Gerado valley north of Monteverde, Atlantic slope,

am. 1500 rst Sed 1989, Haber & W Zu pay 9542 (CR, pont Monteverde, J. Atwood s.n.

Pe species, set largest of the subgenus, has been described by Lankester as

§ Comparatively common southeast of f Cartago, growing epiphytically in stunt-

ed forests as well as forming “fine masses” when growing terrestrially. Plants are

commonly over a meter in height exclusive of the long raceme. The leaves are

dinner-plate-sized, but the sa

Pleurothallis ingramii Luer

Ety.: Po: Nanet eS pas no 31, aie

caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-13 cm long,

way Se SS i te: Ret tc the base. Leaf

the base. Inflorescence subsessile, were 3 wide nat cuneate below into

ge ee 2° to 4-flowered raceme, up to 12cm kag incinding the slender

scission layer, with a slend : se caul, barely 1 mm below the ab-

3 mm long; sepals foni bce mm long; pedicel 5-6 mm long; ovary

ovate, SSS Pubescent wi nn long: pedi — middle, the dorsal

rea ge ae stg mm long, 4mm wide, “alt eure ral sepals connate to

callus e: arcuate

long, with a dent ee 3 mm

ih ene main in the anther, the anther, r, rostellum and stigma ventral, the

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 73

COSTA RICA 6n: Parqué Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Canton de Pococi, Carrillo Station, Quebrada

Gonzalez, Sues alt. 630 m, 15 Now. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell 697 (Holotype: page Isotypes:

MO, SEL), C. — illustr. 16506. San José: Parqué Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Canton de Vasquez de

Coronado, above Zurqui Station, alt. 1680 m, 29 Oct. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell 638 (CR, SEL).

This species is most similar to P. dracontea, but P. ingramii is distinguished by

the three tall-lamellate veins on the concave, inner surface of the petals, and the tall,

longitudinal carina on the disc of the lip above the base. The apex of the lip is

broad and obtuse, not narrowly terete, verrucose and incurved as in P. dracontea.

Pleurothallis macrantha L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: aN, 1947.

Ety.: From the Greek makranthos, “‘large-flowered,” referring to the size of the flower.

Plant large to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, | 6-9 cm

long, ee by a large, loose

coriaceous, » elliptical, cae sessile, 5-8 cm long, 2-4 wide, cuneate below : into | the base.

Inflorescence a a lightly fle flex xuous, distantly

6-7

ae tah fehe leaf with a slender spathe 8-10 mm

long; sol bract thin, 6-7 mm pte weir 6-8 mm long, acutely deflexed at the apex; ovary sigmoi

5-6 mm long; sepals pale yellow-green, spotted and suffused with amaryl glabrous, the dorsal sepal

obovate, obtuse, concave, 19-23 mm long, 8-9 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, lateral sepals ~~

the apex into an obovate, minutely bifid, bicarinate, concave lamina, Hes mm long, 8-9 mm

together expanded, ices acute; petals fleshy, white, suffused with the veins, the veins

y : the above the base

li obed, 0 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, with the margins

red EP suffused with pa a bi : be fleshy, oblong Liar the sides involute into a cylin-

t of the

der, with the apex truncate, t the dis weer’ to the ty

column-foot; column purple, stout, ete 1.5 mm hat with the anther 1.25

mm long, the stigma ventral, the foot 1.5 mm long.

loodson & R.W. —?

PANAMA: Chiriqui: vicinity of Bajo Chorro, alt. 1900 m, 20 July 1940, RE. We

666 (Holotype: AMES; Is - Guadalupe, collected by H. Butcher, J June 1976, flowered in culti

vation, C. Luer 1285 (SEL). : ;

COSTA RICA: Limé6n: Cordillera de Talamanca, Cerros Tararia, “Tres Picos” alt. 2400-2600 m, I

Sept. 1984, G. Davidse, G. Herrera & M. Grayum 28820 $30 (MO). be

This species is unique in the subgenus with the sides of the long rete

lip involute to form a tube. This cylinder-like lip was not niger towers

description drawn from a rehydrated flower. A few, — purple-mottled flow

are borne in a loose, erect raceme. The large, 3-veined petals are truncate.

Pleurothallis oblongifolia Lindl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 355, ae

Ety.: From the Latin oblongifolius lius, “with oblong lea leaves,” referring to

Syn.: Epidendrum sittowsea Se, Peake 15 . ; :

Ety.: Vet ha tae aie enifors “with flowers in a raceme, referring to the inflorescence.

= a oe age eee we 34, 1859, not P. racemi

De -

Syn.: Pleurothallis racenifior (Sw. ) Lindl., Folia Orchid. Pleurothallis

flora Lindl. ex Hook. 1 ey

Syn.: Pleurothallis multirostris Rchb£., Linnaea 41: 749, ie

Ety.: From the Latin multirostris, “with many beaks, referring to the flowers in the raceme-

1912.

Syn.: Pleurothallis tricostata Cogn ee 175, ;

Ety.: From agp arene “‘tricostate,” referring to to the three ribs of the petals.

i 1 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide,

coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, petiolate, 4-8 cm ie ng including ag a simultaneously several- to

cuneate below into the petiolate base. Inflorescence 4 © nee 12 can long, bome laterally from near the

many-flowered raceme, 10-26 cm long in the p floral bracts inflated, 4 mm

* jaceous spathe 13 cm long;

, glabrous,

X of the ramicaul, with a conspicuous, foli © sh the sides more or less in-

long; pedicel 4-5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals

74 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pape he middle, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave , 9-10 mm long, 2. 5 mm wide expanded,

Suvelned, the} ’ ea the ap t ate, bi bifid, bicari mate, concave lamina, 9-10

mm long, 3.5 mm wide expanded i di ; petals tanslacet with

purple veins, broadly eligtied. chores rounded at the apex, concave, edna verruco

mm long, 1.5 mm wide, ith b d erect cat lobes below the middle, the apical lobe

ovate, obtuse, the di t low t i i

b e middle, the base hinged to

the an of the column-foot; column num semiterete, 2.5 mm my - the apical margin dentate,

‘cot 1 mm long with apex free.

CUBA: Oriente: Mt. Nimanima, 1856-57, Wright 61 aac of P. oblongifolia: K; Isotypes: AMES

BR, K); Firmeza to Gran Piedra, 4-5 Mar. 1911, JA. Schafer 8961 (AMES, K, US); Sierra Maestra: alt.

1800-2000 m, July — Bro. Leon 10852 (AMES, HAC); Sierra Maestro ate Pico Turquino and

La Bayamesa, alt. 1350 m, 27 Oct. 1941, C.V. Motton & J. Acufia 3521 (AMES, US); same area, alt.

4,900-5,200 ft., shay 1955, R RE. Schultes et al. 599 (AMES); Pico Bayamesa, alt. 800-1100 m, 19

Mar. 1970, H. tale 136 sic Cueva de Aura, 30 July 1935, J.T. Roig, J. Acufia & Bucher 9538

El Cardero, alt. 300 m, 1 969, J. Bi: Id

alt |

Bro. Alain 336 (AMES, HAC); poe 25 Sept. 1935, J. Acufia 4787 (HAC). Santiago de

Pe darags yma eg” 1953, afte obe 825 (HAJB); Cordillera de la Gran Piedra, 11 Jan. 1960,

retin reli 467 (HAC, HAJB). Pinar del Rio: Cima del Pan de Guajaibén, 17

rie 954 7 ‘om 19243 (HA\

JAMAICA: ca. 1788, O. Sear hay of Epa emiflorum: S; isotypes BM, G, M, W);

ion cFadyan s.n. (K). Without locality, B Jan. 1888, Eggers 3543a OR BREM,

re ghee bee 2,500 ft., Nov. 1881, D. Morris 2073 (K, W); Cuichona, al. 5,000 ft., 15 Feb. 1900,

Harris 7685 (US), vicinity of cinchona, 2-10 Sept. 1906, N.L. Britton 124 (AMES, NY); St. Andrew

Parag 3 Dec. 1957, T.G. Yunker 17634 (BM, G); a Morces Gap and John Crow

NOt ie » GR. Proctor 34266 (AMES, above Hardwar Gap, alt. 1350 m, 13

& A, Jesup 1

8 Sept. 1873, a oor a a) (MO). Without collection data, cultivated at K,

Constanza, alt. 1200 m, H. von mage

heim 348] Guieaeit baa tata destroyed at B; Neotype he ae , Lagunas, al

750 m, 12 June rp esac S). Ment dee fo Cone al 800 m, 2

Tablones, west of La Cienega, allt. 1200

1200 m, ie 1967, GJ. Gasto astony, G.C. Jones & D. H.No rris 250

pong foes fag Rafael: Sierra de Neiba, alt. 1700-2000 m, 8 Aug. 1967, G.J. Gastony, G.C.

ones . Norris agar ihe: Loma de Ia Sal, Jarabacoa, al. 1420 m,7 Aug. 1968, A-H.

alt. 1750 m, Sept. 1911 Father Fuertes 1241

pens ebaecmeniogs a 46008. 27 ly 19800 A. Howard 12229 (AMES).

: Vicinity of Furcy, hw. 28 May 1920, E.C. Leonard 4689 (AMES, US); Momes des

Cals AMES - Holdridge 2064 (AMES); Riviere Glace, alt. 2,200 ft., 5 May 1944, J.

PUERTO RICO:

Paap ug bender between x municipalities of Rio Grande and Naguabo, El

joa R Tr it, cloud forest, epiphytic on Tabebuia slate, alt. 910 m, 24 Nov. 1995, J.D.

VENEZUELA: een Zimmerman & F. Axelrod 2885 (MO, UPR:

i probebly Arague: Colonia Tovar, 1854-56, A. Fendler 1463 (K).

Epide ter was first discovered by Olaf Swartz in Jamaica and described as

in ee ia ndrum racemiflorum in 1788. It was transferred to Pleurothallis by Lindley

the combination Pleurothallis racemiflora had been used by Loddiges

nisin mene is very Closely allied to Central American P. coba-

somibe ethnic iana) from which it is distinguished only by

Ho wever, variations seen in © sepals, and minor differences in the labellum.

oblongifolia. 1 doubt satral America include those seen in the Antillean P.

that the West Indian populations have evolved sufficiently to

become —— distinct

one variable tax whereupon the whole group probably represents

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 75

Pleurothallis pachyglossa Lindl., Bot. Reg. 26: Misc. 68, 1840.

Ety.: From the Greek — , lip thick tongue,” in a to the lip.

Syn.: Pl thalli: R b.f., Xenia Orchid 1, 1900.

Ety.: From the Greek conanthera, “cone-shaped anther,” aah to the shape of the anther-cap.

Syn.: Humboldtia conanthera (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL. 2: 667, 1891

Syn.: Humboldtia pachyglossa (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891

Syn.: “eelpigya gee Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 291, 1912.

Ety.: From the Latin formosus, “beautiful,” referring inflorescence.

ium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-18 cm long,

Sea by a thin, loose, tubular —— below the middle and 2 shorter sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical, acute, peti tiolate, 1-1.5 cm long, 1.5-2.8 cm wide,

narrowly cuneate below into the ie base. ‘Inflorescence a sees few- to to several-flowered,

subflexuous, successively flowered raceme, U Je 6-15 cm

long, occasionally 2

about 1 mm below the abscission Byes, Ler ase pa 10-18 18 mm long, ral 57 oan re

pedicel 10-15 mm wie

gins, glabrous, the dorsal a peer pe ate, acute, concave, 20-22 mm long, 7 mm wide expanded, 3-

tle the leleaal sepals connate to above the middle into an elliptical-ovate, -ovate, bifid, bicarinate, concave

lamina, 20-22 mm lon ong, 10 mm wid i d d, th as cut tak t vaca ong

with le papillae, broadly elli tical-obovate, rounded at the x, concave, papillose-verrucose

Coe 6mm wide, 3-veined; lip purple or brown, fleshy subterete, obscurely errenprd 4 15.

17 mm long, 3.5 mm wide,

apical lobe thick, terete, with the apex rounded, minutely verrucose above, coarsely verrucose beneath,

the disc shallowly channeled, the base hinged to the tip of the column-foot; col column _— stout, semi-

ong

and stigma ventral, the foot y mm long with the apex free.

MEXICO: Without locality, imported and cultivated in England by a Mr. Barker s.n. sapere =

Veracruz: Cérdoba, flowered in cultivation Mar. 1878, in Erfurt, Germany, by Haa et ubte 3902

(holotype of P. conanthera: W). — near Mecaxa, alt. 1000 m, 24 Aug. 1924, ia

(AMES). Sierra Santa Marta, San Andis Tuxtla, 15 Mar. 1968, M. Sousa 3585 —— flowered i

cultivation, Nov. 1979, E. Hagsater & &. ‘Silent 20 (aN psig Oaxaca: south La Est

anza, alt. 1650 m, 1 Nov. 1977, M. Sousa & O.Te .

GUATEMALA: Verapaz: Coban, near Sanchamach, alt. 4,500 ft., Nov. 1877, H. von Tiirckheim 12

(

ween

ed by O. Mittelstaedt, flowered in cultivation in Coban, 27 Nov. cole +n cultivation

Coban and Siguanhé, Chicocon, alt. 4,500 ft., collected by O. Mittelstaedt, flowered in

Coban, 13 Feb. 1990, C. fae 14612 (MO). ah 1190

COSTA RICA: without ocality, 1867, A. Endres 41 (W). Alajuela: San Pedro de San Ramén,

and neighbor-

m, 18 Nov. 1923, A. M. ue 142 (AMES).

This large-flowered species occurs not infrequently in C ed by the petiolate

ing Mexico, ie uncommonly in Costa Rica. It is eco bcaor of large,

leaves with an acute apex; a small, slender spathe; and a loose loosely flowered

Saping, successive flowers, usually produced ~~. spats’ ‘vial lobes.

Taceme. The lip is large, protuberant and semiterete Wi with

1916.

Pleurothallis papillifera Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. 77, aa

Ety.: From the Latin papillifer, “‘bearing papillae,” referring to

Plant medium yti

oo iiens cine, gh re

ical, obtuse, sessile, 4-14 cm long, 1.5-2.5 am vee)

cence a flexaous, loosely several-flowered raceme, Up f0 to 20 cm ca. 10 mm long; floral

K af the leaf. with a slender spathe iat s. the

“ee a dicel 8-10 m Pa eed the lateral sepals connate

Sepal ovate, acute, concave, 1l- adore 45 enw expanded, 3-7 14 mm long, 6.5 mm wide

to near the apex into an ovate, minutely bifid, A agente shortly unguicalate, 4-6 mm long, >

together expanded, the apices acute; petals white, oblong,

76 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

mm wide, 3- le papill he margins and externally along the veins; lip green, 3

ee wide, ith th he base thi d di

the apical lobe fleshy, terete, oblong, acute, with malepe, mine, ransvers rags, carina beneath, the

lumn-foot; column stout, semiterete-sub-

conical, 2 mm long, sth th t ecto wanil ih stigt ntral al, the foot 1.5 mm long.

COSTA RICA: without ne sent to Kew by Lankester, flowered in cultivation we Kew, Nov. 1915

(H :K; Puntarenas: Cordillera de Talamanca, Rio Canasta, between Cerro

is and Penis lier alt. 1500-1600 m, 6 Sept. 1984, G. Davidse, G. Herrera & M. Grayum 28415

This species was described by Rolfe from a cultivated plant sent from Costa

Rica by Lankester. Only one subsequent collection can be attributed to the species.

Several large, long-pedicellate, light green flowers are produced simultaneously in a

tall, flexuous raceme. The dorsal sepal and synsepal are concave and acute. The

petals have purple papillae externally along the veins and margins. The lip is thick-

ly terete with minute, transverse rugae, keeled beneath, and three-lobed at the base,

perennis Luer, Lindleyana 11:

Ety.: From the Latin perennis, “everlasting,” 86, 1996. 2 Pa: we kt)

ad infinitum.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-5 cm long,

RE dacolag rata tubular sheaths below the middle. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, s :

sessile, 5-6 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the base. . Inflorescence a loose, flexible, strict,

laterally from i af th : ee a remap a peduncle 6- palais ata

wie of the | f, wi as dest apni mm long;

vill 4-5 mm long; pedicel 5-6 mm long; oy Sm ; Sepals purple, glabrous extemally, long-

» Carinate, th mm

wide, 3-veined, th lateral th Reg 1

+3 tr —_T ovate, bifid, deeply concave

rT ee 7mm Jed, the api te; petals white with 3 puple-back

i elliptical. -obovate, rounded at the concave, xternally, 5 mm

tli mm wide, 3-veined, with 2 of the veins lamellate within above hs maids lip purple-black,

fleshy, subterete, ; grains 1.75 mm wide, with the margins above the base

semiterete, » with the apex acute, minutely

lumn

v b } se ae hk 3.

columr

Saas Tamloe —- beyond the anther, the

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: near San R ‘n on

Lankester Botanical Garden, Cartago, 18 Ma 18 Mar 19 1995, C. Luer 17418 Soin CR; cian MO).

Leora known from only two cultivated specimens at the Lankester

— ag ssi were collected near San Ramé6n, but other collection data

pace ms to gated, successively many-flowered raceme that continues to

' i pi ower for many y months, perhaps as long as a year, is unique in

one of the arching racemes

nding spathe are small for the section.

the kegs are papillose externally and lamellate

ance The sessile leaf and subte

sepals are long-villous within;

within; and the lip is elongate and

Pleurothallis powellii Schitr Schitr., Repert. v.] iV .T: 923.

ee a z2,4

Ety.: y.: Named in honor of C.W. P Powell, noted collector ho first collected

large to very large, epiphytic to

stout i terrestrial in humus, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls

<i by a loose, tar chat blow onside at? avrer eas

ly cuneate to rounded at the bate subacute to obtuse, sessile, 18-25 cm long, 8-16 cm were

15 subdense, s ultaneoush fiowor

hac /<se nchaing the petiole 510m og, br ea a beand

acts 5-7 mm | eaehgra posi ganagr ea

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 77

ovary purple, subcarinate, 3 m Is dark purple, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ly linear,

acute, 17 mm lon; ong, 2 i wide, 3-veined, the lateral i lliptical

oblon; ig lami na 17 mm long, 8 mm wide, 12-veined, pepper rgsercuabeas below the

middle; petals pelary gion flecked with purple, fleshy, oblong, , curved, 5mm long, 2 mm or tals 3-

veined, with al

white, suffused and marked with purple, orange at the apex, fleshy, oblong-ovoid, obscurely 31 3 fobed, 4 -

mm long, 2.25 mm wide, with

ly rounded, concave basal lobes, the anterior lobe triangular, acute, the disc with a pair c of t tall, yellow

lamellae between the lateral lo bes below

the tip of t the column-foot; th purple, stout, semiterete, 3mm long, with the a apical

marcin d tk ther, the saihiei entral, the foot 1 mm long with

pone at B; eens here designated: AMES, isolectotype: K. Shea alt. 4,000 ft., collected by

H. Butcher, 18 Jan. 1976, flowered in cultivated at SEL, 27 Apr. 1976, C. Luer 965 (SEL,

COSTA RICA: Cartago: Orosi, 30 Mar. 1924 (sterile), P.C. Standley 39906 (AMES); Carpintera Mts.,

near Tres Rios, alt. 1700-1800 m, 21 Sept. 1963, Cl. Horich s.n. (AMES, JEPS).

This huge species occcurs uncommonly in the wet, mountainous forests of

eastern Costa Rica and western Panama. In common with the similar but larger P.

grandis, it usually grows terrestrially in rich, shaded humus of virgin forests.

The large flowers are produced simultaneously in long, many-flowered racemes.

The dorsal sepal is long and narrow. The petals are narrow and curved with a longi-

tudinal carina on the inner surface. The lip is oblong with erect, concave, lateral

lobes above the base with a pair of adjacent lamellae between the lateral lobes

Pleurothalli is Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 193,

1923. ;

Ety.: Named for San Ramén, ean Costa Rica, where the species was collected.

slender, erect, 6-10 cm me

at the base.

ipti whew sessile, 7-10 cm long, 0.8-1.3 cm nny

ultaneously few- to , —

tte a Inflorescence a lose int 6-10 cm long, bome from the apex of the ramicaul at the

) F ._. fal bracte 5 cam Jone: pedicel 7-8 mm long; ovary 4-

base of the leaf, with a slender 5 2; n long; P y paver ©

5 mm long; sepals purple, oS with purple along the veins, ig ae cca wil 4

scopically ciliate, carnate, the dorsal sepl elipical-ovae, sos, ones mm a

veined, the lateral sepals A bifid concav BR

15 mm long, 8 mm wide together expanded, the api ices acute; ree ce ee

broadly elliptical-obovate, rounded at at the e apex, CONCAVE, papill rrucose :

3.2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip green, a ak a orming

ovoid, 3-lobed, 6 mm long, 2.4 mm wide, with mesa twanoe a y subverrucose, the

rounded lobes, the apical lobe thick, semiterete, with the apex acute column green, stout, semiterete-

disc shallowly chann channeled, the base hinge tothe tp ofthe column foe: ther, the anther, rostellum and

subconical, 2 mm long, with ow en =

stigma ventral, the foot 2 mm long wi apex

Ramén alt. 1150 m, July 1921, A. M. Brenes

Saughigespraskirs , AMES); San Ramén,

COSTA RICA: <p et humid forest, Sead );

88 (Holotype of P. nensis destroyed at B; lectotype Sept. 1985, C. Luer 11440 (MO).

by J. M. Wabben, flowered in cultivation at Rading, Netherlands,

This species is apparently rare, having been first collected — in 1 iv

near San Ramon, and as far as I know, not again until 4 a iat oh “

by Wubben about 1984. Schlechter stated that the only

specimen w: was partially eaten by an insect. = ly "

Vegetatively, P. ramonensis is distinct in the subgenus with narrow ellipti

acute wegen with a loose, simultaneously sev

the | eaf. The spathe is small and inconspicuous. 1

synsepal is cymbiform; the obtuse petals are Lea

the lip is thick, acute at the apex and with erect, retrorse lobes

78 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ag sae og, aS Luer, Selbyana 3: 398, 1977.

Ety.: From the Greek thymocheilos, “lip with warty excrescences,” in reference to the verrucose lip.

Plant medium i in size, > epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 cm long,

enclosed by a th Leaf e

coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, subsessile, 5-8 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, narrowly sana below into the

base. Tnfin

slender peduncle ca. 10 cm long, 2-3 flowers open simultaneously, it Pe near the apex of the

ramicaul, barely 1 mm below the abscission layer, with a slender a 6-9 mm long; floral bracts 3-4

mm long; peice 6-11 mm long; ovary » gla-

brous, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, acute, concave, a | mm long, 45 oo mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

epal , bifid, bicarinate, concave lamina with the

sides ‘stew i the middle folded in, 11 mm long, 7 mm wide together expanded, the carinae taller and

irregular toward the acute apices; petals red-purple, broadly obovate, rounded at the apex, concave,

= extemally, 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, with the veins subcarinate on

inner surface; lip dark purple, fleshy, ovoid, 3-lobed, 5 mm long , 2mm wide, margins thin an

erect in the basal fourth forming b: co Sl ian ts bac, the apical lobe thick, oa

verrucose, the disc broad, verrucose, concave above a transverse, basal callus

oe apa Stalann. Saupe column re ted, stout, semiterete, 2 mm long, with the apical

anther, rost gma ventral, the foot with the apex free.

PANAMA AMA, Prmcmnt: epic. along the El Llano-Carti road, alt. ca, 350 m, 3 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J.

Luer, P. Taylor & RL. Dressler 992 (Holotype: SEL); Cerro Colorado, alt. 1400-1700 m, 24 Oct. 1977,

ee 6111 yah a Coelé: Alto Calvario, north of El Copé, alt. 850 m, 19 May 1977, J.P. Folsom

This species is most similar to P pachyglossa, but P. thymochila is sina

guished from it and all the other members of the subgenus by obtuse, sessile leaves

an inconspicuous spathe; loose, successively flowered racemes of medium-sized

flowers with rounded, erect basal lobes of a a broad, thick, verrucose lip.

Pleurothallis tin bE

af oe scape tae 94, 1996.

hima ee in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-9 cm

Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, seasle, 3-7 cm long, 1-25 em wide, cuneate below into the base.

£ oh, 41

a loose, secund, flexuous, 6-fl raceme, 6-8 peee

the slender peduncle 2-3 em long borne lat “ike one cn Kees arti ee

witha spathe ca. 3 mm long; floral bracts 3-4 nwa loner Sd Mien leng: oony 3 mm long; sepals

expanded, 3-veined. the lateral TS cate dorsal sepal elliptical, obtuse, os 6.5 mm wide

y bifid lamina,

n veins on the i i

half, idle foo ne eahy, ovoid, 3lobed, 55 mm long, 2 mm wide, the margins thin and erect below

Sagessase » basal lobes above the base, the apical lobe elliptical, obtuse, minutely

ipa te poses th Concave below the middle above a transverse callus at the base, hinged to the

suthiet. tee column stout, subconical, 2 mm long, with the margin extending “scale the

er pain ay gm vn th fot mm eng with te apex free.

Reserve, alt. ca. 1400 m, 1989, J. T. Atwood 89-235

(Holotype: SEL), C: Lacr ihn 17052; sume aes, 1989, 7 dona ee EL). si

Z se to P. papillifera. It is distinguished from the latter as well

rom others subgen Cnus by the small habit; an acute, elliptical leaf; a flexu-

Several, nutant, purple Rowen: obtuse, con-

erect, rounded, basal lobes.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 79

Pleurothallis tuerckheimii Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. i warps 10: 292, 1912.

Ety.: Named in honor of Hans von Tiirckheim who discovered

Syn.: Pleurothallis megachlamys Schlitr., Repert. Spec, Nov. _ none Bei, 19: 108, 1923.

Ety.: From the Greek megachlamys, “with a large cloak,” referri he cauline sheaths.

Plant large to ss in size, epiphytic, caespitose, 1 roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 20-30 cm

long, enclosed by a loos Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical, aigeiie iolate, 10-20 cm long including the petiole 2-3 cm long, 4-6 cm wide,

cuneate below into the petiolate base. Inflor distichous, lightly flexuous, simultane-

ously several- to many-flowered raceme, Up to 45 cm long including the petiole ca. * cm long, borne

laterally fr with a conspicuous, foliaceous spathe 4-7 cm long; floral

bracts 5-9 mm long: pedicel 5-10 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm long; Sepals dark red-brown to purple, villous

within above the middle, with th P

acute, concave, abe 7 yr 57 mm wide ee 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to near the

mm long, 8-10 mm wide together expanded,

Seam e

concave, verrucose externally, 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip dark purple or red-brown,

fleshy, subterete, 3-lobed, 9-12 mm long, 3 mm wide, with the margins above the base thin and erect

forming rounded lobes, the apical lobe thick, semiterete, with the apex obtuse, apiculate, the disc thick-

ened, minutely verrucose, te bese St chen pe, So, ee

subconical, 3 mm lon he anther. rostellum and

isin vttial, the tec 4 chen eee Oh eee Ge

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: epiphytic in forest near oa alt, ca. 1600 m, Nov. 1907, H. von

Tiirckheim II 1996 (Holotype of P. tuerckheimii destroyed at B; lectotype ru onit

isolectotypes: BM, BR, = NY, US, W); Coban, alt. 1350 m, Sept. 1912, H. von Tare mee

, W); near Coban, alt. 4,300 ft., Aug. 1878, H. von Tiirckheim 254 dors mgd

Nov. 1878, H. von Tiivckheim 318 (W); between Coban and San Pedro, alt. 4, ane

Johnson 756 (AMES); swamp east of Tactic, alt. 1450 m, 14 Apr. 1941, P.C. ‘Sandy 990, C. Laer 4042

ear Coban, collected by O. Mittelstaedt, flowered in cultivation in Coban, 27 Nov. 1990, sak EA.

(Mo). pa: Sierra de Las Minas, vicinity of Finca Planados, alt. 2500 m, 14 193814 a

mark 29998 (AMES); M 2 Virgen, alt. 2200-2400 m, 12 Jan. 1942, J.A. Steyermark sie Soaneeti

MEXICO: Chiapas: near La Selva Oct. 1938, 0. pereeegtn hth DAME) eee 2

above Hueixtla, alt. 1500 m, 4 Nov. 1937, 0. Nagel 4309 (AMES fatuda 5991

Oct. 1938, O. y Baged 6595 (AMES); Haciendita Escuintla, 1950 m, 23 ine 1945, E. “MA ?

manna: The Pieces, 22 Sege, HS c ea ag anne at. 5,200 ft. J.B. Edwards 115

AMES). Morazan: Mt. Uyuca, alt. 6,300 ft., 17 July 1948, S.F. Glasante Ea EPS.

NA DO .

nce rr engin ad inctegs, Moreno 1103 03 0, nay 9g Meller 2710

Blancas, alt, 1200-1400 m, D. Stevens 11228 (MO): Sta. degen ye ae es iat

, ane sn. 3, 122, 179, 189, 211, 231, ne $02 nahh

Without locality, collected 12 Oct. 1949, flowered at K, C. H. min a sage

Ramén, rey" 1190 m, 15 Nov. 1922, A.M. Brenes 126 (AMES), Las Nobos votyrd Es se

M. Valerio 2639 ar mige Volcén Pods near Los Cartagos, alt. 3 (AMES, NY). Cartago: Tablazo,

16595 (AMES); Palmira, alt. 2400 m, 16 May 1938, A. Smith H-593 ( sea

alt. 1900 m, A. & C. Bradle 1329 (holotype of P. me Pana pester 466 (AMES). Puntar-

ignated: AMES 31256, illustr. of type); Jucosal, alt. 5,000 ft. C. “& K. Ferrell 4125 (CR, SEL); in

enas: Monteverde, alt. 1600 m, 5 Aug. 1990, J. Atwood, SAAT oan J Luer & J ‘

—— ee onteverde Reserve, alt. 1500 m, 21 Mar. 1 sm

0 -1

ss 1900 m, 27 June y

PANAMA: Chiriqui: Rio Chiriqui Viejo, vicinity of Monte Litio, nite a

1935, RJ. Seibert 142 (MO); same area, July-Aug. 1937, G-

tral as from Mexico into Panama. It is rt ‘. frequent. It is character-

populations known to grow in Guatemala where us spathe; and a long, arching

ized by large, petiolate leaves; a large, foliaceo The ws sually dark purple sepals

raceme of numerous, large, simultaneous lowers. with i

are narrow and acute, with the laterals forming 2 cy™ The lip is more or less

Sides. The petals are concave and verrucose oan

terete, pointed at the apex, and with erect, rounded,

80 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 4. Pleurothallis dracontea

Fig. 18. Pleurothallis tuerckheimii

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Dendrobium racemiflorum 73 Pleurothallis grandis 66, 67, 72, Fig. 6.

Epidendrum racemiflorum 65, 73 ingramii 67, 68, 72, Fig. 7.,73

Humboldtia conanthera liebmanniana 67, 69,74

pachyglossa 65 macrantha 65, 66, 67, 73, Fig. 8.

Masdevallia 65 me; .

Pleurothallis 74 multirostris 67,73

Subgen. Dracontia 65, 66, 71 a 65, 67, 68, 70, 73, Fig. 9.,

sect. Brobdingnagia 65, 66, 67 Fig. 10,

sect. Cylindrie 65, 66, 67 pachyglossa 65, 67, gee 78

sect. Dracontia 66, 67 papillifera 67, 68, 75, Fig. 12.,

Pleurothallis caligularis 67, 69 perennis 67, 68, 76, Fig. 13.

camosilabia 67, 68, 69, Fig. 1 powellii meyer 2 ag

cobanensis 67, 68, 69, Fig. 2., 70,74 racemiflora 65,67, 73,74

conanthera 65,67,75 ramonensis 67, 68, 77, Fig. 15.

conochila 67, 68, 70, Fig. 3. thymochila 67, 68, 78, Fig. 16.

dracontea 67, 68, 71, Fig. 4., 73 titinnnbule 62.68.78, F1-

formosa 65,67,75 tricostata 6/,

fortunae 67, 68, 71, Fig. 5. tuerckheimii 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 79, Fig. 18.

REFERENCES

Ames O. & D.S. CorRELL, 1952. Cnt OE aes : Bot., 26(1).

LINDLEY, J., 1859. Folia Orchidaceae

Lugr, C.A., 1986. lone Pletal IL Monge $e. Bs

WILLIAMS L.O., 1946. Flora of Panama, Orchidaceae

-------------------, 1951. Orchidaceae of Mexico, Ceiba 2. (Reprinted 1965.)

“2

ee ed

TV ale

dat ea

paces

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS SUBGENUS UNCIFERIA

(ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

Subgenus Unciferia Luer of genus Pleurothallis R.Br. is described. A key to

the species is given. Each species is described and ill d with a black and

Subgen. Unciferia Luer, stat. nov.

Pleurothallis Luer, sp. nov.

This subgenus was proposed as section Unciferae of subgenus Specklinia

(Lindl.) Garay in Icones Pleurothallidinarum III (Luer, 1986). However, as Speck-

linia is now more narrowly defined, the section is raised here to the subgeneric

level. It constitutes a small but well-defined unit. The first species attributable to

the subgenus is Pleurothallis segoviensis, described by Reichenbach in 1855 from a

collection by Oersted near Segovia, Costa Rica. He placed it in the unranked infra-

generic category Elongatae Racemosae Disepalae. In 1859, Lindley placed it in

section Apodae-Caespitosae because of the short ramicauls. Between 1911 and

1925, eleven binomials were subsequently added for closely related taxa by Ames

and Schlechter. These binomials have been reduced, at one time or another, to the

synonymy of P. segoviensis. The latter taxon has been treated as one “super spe-

cies” (Williams, 1946). Four of the eleven segregates differ significantly from P.

segoviensis to be recognized separately, the rest being retained as variations of P.

segoviensis.

Vegetatively, the subgenus is characterized by a very short rhizome that produc-

es a i habit. The ramicauls are distinctly shorter than the thinly coriaceous

leaves they bear. The inflorescence emerges laterally from the ramicaul with an

annulus a short distance below the abscission layer. It often ascends in the sulcus of

the conduplicate base of the leaf. The inflorescence is a few- to many-flowered

raceme, shorter or much longer than the leaf, and either simultaneously or succes-

sively flowered.

The flowers are relatively small, and of a basic pattern. The sepals are not

caudate, and either glabrous or pubescent within. The dorsal sepal is three-veined

and essentially free from the laterals except for a negligible connation at the base.

The lateral sepals are connate, at least above the middle. The size of the sepals

seems to vary considerably within the species.

The petals are membranous, simple and single-veined. The lip is lobed above

the base, and the lobes are modifications of an uncinate form. The disc is smooth or

variously sulcate between a pair of carina that extend forward from the base. Also,

a converging pair of calli extend forward from the bases of the lateral lobes. The

base of the lip is simply hinged to a short column-foot. The column is semiterete

and variously toothed at the apex that covers the anther. The anther cap is decidu-

ous with a pair of free, obovoid pollinia. The stigma is ventral, lying behind the

rostellum.

A problem commonly encountered in many pleurothallid taxa also plagues this

section. Within the wide distribution of a ‘‘mother-species” (species-complex, or

88 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

super-species if you like), variations difficult to differentiate acquire specific recog-

nition. Of the 11 allied taxa described between 1911 and 1925, only four seem to

be sufficiently distinct from the variable P. segoviensis to be retained at the specific

level.

Vegetatively, P. pompalis is larger vegetatively with larger flowers, and the

basal lobes of the lip are very small, erect and subquadrate. The Panamanian P.

canae is also large vegetatively with large, gaping flowers, but it is distinguished by

short, broad, flat, basal lobes of the lip. Pleurothallis wagneri (syn.: P. aguilarii

and P. falcatiloba) is distinguished by the short, secund raceme of long flowers with

proportionately small petals. Pleurothallis bifalcis is distinguished by the large

habit with the largest flowers with narrowly falcate lobes of the lip.

The remaining taxa are too similar to P. segoviensis to maintain. Both P.

johannis from Guatemala and P. melicoides from Costa Rica were distinguished by

longer, slightly saicitas racemes of smaller flowers. Pleurothallis amethystina

from G nd Costa Rican P. wercklei and P. vinacea were distinguished by

shorter, strict racemes of only slightly larger flowers. The tips of the uncinate lobes

of the lip were distinguished as being more acute in P. wercklei. Numerous inter-

t the range of P. segoviensis.

Although obviously closely re related to all the others, the three additional Central

American species are distinct from P. segoviensis. The flowers of P. kareniae are

totally glabrous, fleshy and thickly carinate. The basal labellar lobes are short and

broad, and a deep channel courses three-fourths the length of the disc of the lip.

The flowers of the small P. psilantha are also totally glabrous, fleshy and thickly

carinate, and the uncinate-lobed lip is similar to that of P. segoviensis, but the base

of the lip is smooth and only thickened, devoid of any callus. The synsepal of the

larger P. pilostoma is broad and concave, and the basal labellar lobes are short and

ly Cuneate.

With the present addition of the three species from Central America, eight

species are recognized here from Guatemala to western Panama. The first species

of the section from the Andes was described i in 1981. A second from Ecuador is

sata Both these guished by broad, uncinate, labellar lobes.

- Paces of the g i here are epiphytic in moist or wet forests

erica and the Andes from low to moderately high altitudes. They are

usually easy to cultivate, and flower regularly.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 89

SUBGENUS UNCIFERIA

— ee Unciferia resin Luer, stat. nov.

subgen - Specklinia erae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 20: 94, 1986.

a soaey segoviensis Rehb Rchbf., Bondi lr a 1855.

Ety.: From the Latin — “thook-bearing,””

Plant: in size, epiphytic, usually densely see eg roots slender,

fasciculate. * Ramicauls erect, yee an shorter than the leaf, enclosed by 2-3 ibbed, glabrous

sheaths. f erect, coriaceous, sm th, green, m more or less rok obovate, th the on PBS

ed, shallowly 1

ly cuneate below into an indistinct petiole. ecessively few- to

many-flowered raceme, , the flowers resupinate, vainly colored, borne = a s slender " peduncle that

if cd

+ pe lied, ee Pee te <

only carinate extemal. densely pubescent to to glabrous ada acute to subacute, non-

connate, rarely semiconnate;

petals membranous, simple, ae ive rial ce

the middle, the disc b hinged to th terete

1 th tral, the pollinia 2 obovoid, , with a micro-

variously

Ls o

<a .7 i = +h, bd

eee smooth,

‘veined, comm

caudate, the dorsal

Ish > Va S

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALLIS REFERABLE TO

UBGENUS UNCIFERIA

Pleurothallis aguilarii Ames = P. wagneri

Pleurothallis amaliae Luer & Escobar Fig. 1.

Ple is ancistra Luer & Hirtz Fig. 2

Pleurothallis ipasapan Ames = P. segoviensis

Pleurothallis bifalcis Schltr Fig. 3

thallis canae Ames Fig. 4.

Pleur othallis falcatiloba Ames = P. wagneri

Pleurothallis johannis Schitr. = P. segoviensis

is kareniae Luer Fig. 5.

Pleurothallis melicoides Schltr = P, segoviensis

Fig. 6.

Pleurothallis pompalis Ames Fig. 7.

Pleurothallis psilantha Luer ... Fig. 8.

Pleurothallis segoviensis Rchb.f. Figs. 9., 10., 11.

Pleurothallis vinacea Ames = P. segoviensis

thallis ri Schitr. . Fig. 12.

Pleuro wagneri

Pleurothallis wercklei Schltr. = P segoviensis

90 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS UNCIFERIA

1 Lip with lobes broader at the base than long 2

1’ Lip with lobes narrower at the base, or about as broad as IOng.............ssssssssssseesee 4

2 Sepals glabrous; lip with disc deeply channeled P. kareniae

2’ Sepals long-pubescent within; lip with disc bilamellate 3

3 Sepals narrowly ovate, shallowly concave P. canae

3’ Sepals ovate, deeply concave P. pilostoma

4 Lip with lobes broadly falcate 5

4’ Lip with lobes not broadly falcate 6

5 Raceme far exceeding the leaf; lip with calli converging P. amaliae

5’ Raceme barely exceeding the leaf: lip with calli parallel. shapes bese tenicbaied P. ancistra

6 Lip with lobes small, erect, more or less quadrate with an antrorse lobule.............

ves P. pompalis

6’ Lip with lobes narrowly uncinate 7

T Sepals glabrous, fleshy-carinate; lip without callus at the base............. P. psilantha

7 Sepals pubescent within; lip variously callus at the base 8

S Sepals less than 10 mm long P. segoviensis

8’ Sepals more than 11 mm long 9

9 Raceme flexuous, sepals spreading P. bifalcis

9° Raceme secund, sepals parallel P. wagneri

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 91

eurothallis amaliae Luer & —

Ety.: Named in honor of the late Am etmek yt bike . Lehmann, in

whose collection in Popayan, Colewnbin this species was discovered.

iin ee » elt eens eae Ramicauls slender, erect, eee ee by

sheaths. Leaf erect, cori to obtuse at ie ges, +7 can dons,

0.8-1.5 cm wide, y cuneate below into the conduplicate b :

ous, loose, distichous, ly many-fl i ne up to 35 cm long including th duncle 5-7

cm long, bh +; th = ead ‘ 1. £1 POEs ee ai 1 ‘

cts oblique, 2.5-3 mm long; pedicel

2. vob mm es ovary 1 5-2 mm long: ni ase yellow, sparsely spotted with ees ocune apiculate,

the dorsal sepal ovate, ac e, 5-5.5 mm lon erg paca es ph gah

OT agin Ge “bifid lamina, 55-6 ram long, 3-5-4 mm wide, with 1 mm, acute; petals

purple, membranous, elliptical-obovate, obtuse, minutely erose, 22.5 mm lon, 1- $3 ae. Oe lip dark

purple, trilobed, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 4 4mm wi F middle lobe

oblong, e rose, with the apex rounded, sl aioe 1 1 Lk hel th a cee

uncinate, antrorse, acute, the di lly between a pair of longitudin Ili th from

the base, d i 1 ae tee Lis feb. 1. Pa Pe PELE em

ddle of the disc, the b a ' shorty unguiclate, delist hinged ed to the column-foot; column

semiterete, 1.5-2 mm long, inged pex, the foot thick 1.5 mm long, the anther,

rostellum and stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: C lector, fl d in th collection of Amalia Lehmann de

oe 1978, C. jouer petal EL). Valle del C

alt. 21 Sept. 1882, F.C. Lehmann 1911 ®; Buenaventura, Las Juntas del Dagua, alt. 300 m,

PE. poston 4527 (K); epiphyti Rio Dagua, alt. 100-500 m,

FC. Lehmann B.T.388 (K). C. Luer illustr. 17087.

This species, apparently endemic in southern Colombia, is related to the large P.

an of Central America. It was first collected in the nineteenth

onsul Lehmann. It was found in flower about a century later in the

orchid aetibn of his granddaughter in Popayan. Pleurothallis amaliae is distin-

guished by the abbreviated ramicauls and a narrowly obovate leaf that is far sur-

passed by the continually flowering raceme. The sepals are acute and glabrous, and

the basal lobes of the lip are large and uncinate. A pair of carinae converges from

both sides of the disc to meet above the middle. The margins of the anterior lobe,

as well as the petals, are minutely serrate.

Pleurothallis ancistra Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 144, —

Ety.: From the Greek ankistros with hooks,” referring to the lobes of the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose tose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 0.5-1 cm long, enclosed

obovate, obtuse to rows — . sil

by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrow narrowly

long, 0.4-0.7 cm wide, narrowly duplicat

secund, loose, successively several-flowered raceme bt ol i cm long including the peduncle - 22-8 cm one

bome from the apex x of the ramicaul, with th

sepals yellow, carinate, pubescent within

2.5-3 mm long; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm ne

above the middle, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, acute, 3 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, the lateral sepals

an elliptical, acute, bifid lamina, 3 mm long, 1-3-1.75 mm wide; petals yellow, mem-

branous, oblong, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 2 mm long, ;

long, 1 mm wide, 2 mm wide across the lateral asap expanded,

li J lo

hel

rounded, slightly CUliLay

ate, ate, antrorse, acute

anata the middle, erect, broadly

ith a subv

acute, the disc shallowly sulcate with three low, parallel calli

the lateral |

nn | ate,

Spas ove

“" +t the hac 4 2

column semiterete, 1.5 mm long, wee and dentate 2 at it the apex, the foot thick, 0.75 mm long, th

anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

92 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Imbabura: epiphytic in wet forest west of Lita, alt. 700 m, Dec. 1983, A. Hirtz 1469

otype: MO); C. Luer illustr. 14919; same area, alt. 300 m, 11 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup &

A. Jesup 15579 (MO).

: Cauca: Sta. Maria de Timbiqui, alt. 2500-3000 m, Aug. 1903, F.C. Lehmann s.n., Ic. Pl. t.

542 (K), C. Luer illustr. 18698.

This species, known from southern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador at low

altitudes, is related to the Central American P. segoviensis-complex as well as

Colombian P. amaliae. It was first collected in the nineteenth century by Consul

Lehmann, It is distinguished by the large, acutely uncinate, lateral lobes of the lip.

The small flowers are borne successively in a strict, secund, successively several-

flowered raceme that eventually surpasses the leaf by twice the length. Many of the

flowers are cleistogamous. The rachis emerges from the apex of the ramicaul at the

base of the leaf without a visible annulus.

ee ss a ren ope Centralbl. 36(2): 395, _

Ety.: from referring to the pai eekineat

t mediu i I epiphytic. d ts slender, fascicu-

late. eatearaph ag at eae t ies thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coria-

7-15 cm long, 0.7- ‘ greiner narrowly cuneate below

ceous,

into ito the subpetiolate, . conduplicate base Infloresce , secu y several-

tk cle 3-8 cm oi from near the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3-4 mm sana cae 3-4 mm ees ovary 3 mm long; —

purple along carinate.

pmo a es ee Feel Si

6-veined: wrtth: th. ce Mee Thiptical

praayenat ect gency lip olive green, 3-lobed, SF dn lice 1.5 ean wie. the anteri ror lobe

round at the apex, hai suffused with with brown, the lateral lobes purple, narrowly oblong, an-

» nearly 2mm

the —— of the lateral lobes onto the middle lobe, the base iculate, hinged to the column-foot;

with red below the middle, semiterete, slender, 4 mm long, denticulate- winged

atthe sen, Smad 1.5 mm long, thick with : ovary.

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: La Palma, bere Ch. Wercklé s.n. ean of a Susp pete a8 at B,

- of type). Cartago: betw and San Cristébal,

A. Endres 568 (W), C. Luer 18584: Wino lees ty, collected

Cl. Hon culti vail t the Bota-

nischer Garten, Minchen, 24 May 1980, C. Luer 3275 (Sel SEL). ‘i ch rah

This, the largest species of the section, is confined to Costa Rica. It is readily

recognized by the large habit and consi nsiderably larger flowers. The narrowly obo-

vate seritpporheninis Tee those of the frequent, widel y distributed and

Picerethalis comme , panes, Sched. Orchid, 2: L2: 18, 1923.

a y near where the species was collected.

Ramicauls eect L eb gn F the section, epiphytic, cemenon: roots slender, fasciculate.

narrowly elliptical-obovate. obt ing, cacoed by 3 eae tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

it the 5-14 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, ly cu

neate below into the subpetiolate at the apex, cm long, cm narrow

t a loose, 2 ed

raceme, 9-25 cm vag rages the slender peduncle 4-5 cm mite mene successively several flowere

te, 5 mm long; ; pedicel curved, 5-7 mm long: « ovary 2.5 mm long;

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 93

sepals green, suffused with purple, especially al i i mally

. ith | c ly along the veins, carinate, glabrous exte: , densel

long-purple-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, 7-12 mm long, 3 mm wide, “if

veined, the lateral sepals connate into an elliptical-ovate, acute, shortly bifid lamina, 8-12 mm long, 4

marked wi i 2.5mm

mm wide, 6-veined; petals translucent, with purple, elliptical-oblong, obtuse,

long, 1.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow, suffused with purple above the middle, 3-lobed, 3.5-4 mm

long, 2 mm wide across the basal lobes, the anterior lobe oblong, d at the apex, mi ically

denticulate, the basal lobes erect, short, broadly truncate, 1.25 mm broad, with the anterior angle pro-

longed, with the margins dark purple, the disc with a 1 gitudinal pair of dark le laminae on the

eL ie 3 Py fal ; oe * a P x, é 5 of

“aucighicis a te bet , the base hinged to the column-foot; column pur le, semiterete, 3.5 mm

ong, denticulate-er t the apex, the antl J stigma ventral, the foot 1.5 mm long, thick with the

apex of the ovary.

PANAMA: Darién: Cana and vicinity, alt. 6,000 ft., 27 Apr. 1908, R.S. Williams 971 (Holotype: AMES;

ia de Pirre, between Altos de Nique and Pirre, alt. 1450 m, 27 July 1976, TB.

: NY); Se:

Croat 37832 (MO). Veraguas: between Santa Fe and R Rio Calovebora, alt. 735 m, 1976, TB. Croat &

J.P. Folsom 34276 (MO); same area, 5 Sept. 1976, C. Luer & R. Dressler 1

COSTA RICA: Without locality, 1 Feb. 1958, cultivated at K, received from C.H. Lankester s.n. (K).

This species is apparently endemic in central and eastern Panama. It is charac-

terized by the comparatively large habit with a several-flowered, d e that

eventually exceeds the leaf in length. The purple flowers are similar to those forms

grouped in P. segoviensis. The sepals are acute and covered within by a long,

purple pubescence. The petals are small, obtuse and apiculate. The lip is distin-

guished by the erect, short, broadly truncate, basal lobes with the anterior corner

slightly prolonged. A longitudinal pair of lamellae proceed forward from the lobes

along the middle of the disc and terminate abruptly before the rounded apex. A

small pair of lamellae are present at the base.

Pleurothallis kareniae Luer, Lindleyana 11: 83, 1996.

Ety.: Named in honor of Karen Ingram-Ferrell, co-discoverer of this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender, fasciculate. Ramicauls slender,

erect, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, obovate, obtuse to

third of the lip, broadly uncinate with a short, acute, antrorse apex, the disc

pair of longitudinal calli, the base hinged to the column-foot, column semiterete, 2.5 mm long, denticu-

late-winged at the apex, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot thick with the apex of the ovary.

de Pococi, southeast of Carrillo Sta-

COSTA RICA: Limén: Parqué Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Can

otype: CR; Isotype: SEL), C. Luer

tion, alt. 700-780 m, 15 Nov. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell 705 (H

illustr. 1650

This species is similar to the other members of the section, but it is distinguished

from them by the elongated, flexuous, successively flowered raceme, similar to that

of many forms of P. segoviensis, surpassing the obtuse leaves by twice their length;

the average-sized flowers that are glabrous and carinate; and a three-lobed lip that is

longitudinally and deeply channeled between a pair of carinae. The lobes are erect

and broadly uncinate, occupying the lower third of the lip.

94 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

pilostoma Luer, “eid anger 89, 1996.

Ety.: leepemenl ccemeane io 2

Diant ae

, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender, fasciculate.

Ramicauls slender, erect, 2.5-6 cm fale enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

narrowly obovate, ee ee cis. narrowly Sicaie slow inks tha volopceicdats

base. Inflores: 8-18 cm long including

1, le 5K ae £ +L, 1. 41 1

acuminate, 4-5 “por pedicel 5 mm sei ovary 3 cas 08 sepals red-purple with yellow-green

along keels, tall-carinate, , apiculate, glabrous externally, densely long- scent within on the outer

5 : :

the apex roadly rounded, the basal lobes ere ct, occupying the basal third ofthe lip, broadly cuneate

isc with a pair of 1 with a tall

semiterete, 3.5mm ~ with the apex

dilated, truncate, denticulate-erose, a thick, 1.5 mm

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Monteverde upper ee alt. 1450-1500 m, 7 Dec. 1989, J. T.

Atwood & W. uue ee t Luer illustr. 17060. Alajuela: San Ramén,

alt. 4,000 ft., ca. 1867, A. Endres 24, 66 at W). Biteasliee : northeast of Tilaran, alt. 850 m, 4

Dec. 1963, A. Jiménez M. 1345 (CR); enced rde, north of Las Nubes, Atlantic slope, alt. 1300 m, 19

Jan. 1989, W. i & W. Zuchowski 8978 (CR, MO), C. Luer illustr. 16527. Heredia: Barba, A

This species is apparently endemic in the forests around the Monteverde Re-

serve. Itis characterized by a relatively large habit compared to the common,

sympatric P. segoviensis. Similar in habit to both P canae and P. pompalis, the

long, narrowly obovate leaves are eventually surpassed by the inflorescence. The

sepals of all three species are densely long-pubescent within, but the synsepals of P.

canae and P. pompalis are narrow and convex, while the synsepal of P. pilostoma is

broad and concave. The Sepals are tall-carinate along the midveins that end in

projecting apicula. The lip of P. canae is very similar with broad, short lobes, while

the lobes of P. pompalis small and longer than broad.

ee $s, Sched. Orchid. 7 23, 1924.

tai From the Latin pompalis, parade,” referring to the inflorescence.

ant large for the section, es Ui 4

erect, wos, 2 -5cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, “eepton ae alee nese caceuine dee neg

obtuse to subacute at the apex, petiolate, 6-18 es :

cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the peti iole. em lag incading the patil 2 5 em long, 1-22

ee oe MOY Wd ibis uncle 8 13 ¢ cm ae from near the

pan sckindenpan glabrous ex: i ig act, 4-5 mm Tog pied Samlong ovary 3 mm long;

Sree 8-14 mm long, 3-3.75 mm wide, 3 npn er eA Lapomonatie within, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate,

shortly bit 4 lamina, 9-12 mm long, 3.5-4.25 mm wide, 6-veined: 'y ovate, acute,

veined; petals translucent, marked with purple,

cicw neers the aes tum wide, I-veined; lip purple, 3-lobed, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide

like, truncate »ieied oblong, round at the basal lobes narrowly wing

between a oath eine! or angle lg prolonged, 0.6 tam long, the dise flat inthe middle thir third

lobe, -and with pair of adjacent laminae at the base, aaa 1° lobes os

semi

raion of te ee ilate a the sper, Rall cetucs cca ae re tee.

AMES). Hered Fas nope Apintora, alt. 5,500 ft, 4 Sept. 1923, C. H. Lankester 512 (Holotype:

Brenes s.n. a ugg én Barba, A. Endres s.n. (Wy, without out locality, 15 Oct. 1932, A. M.

Atwood & W. Haber 88-57 (SEL) Morn non 4 Monteverde, alt. 1500 m, 6 Aug. 1988, J. T.

Ingram & K. Ferrell 4124 (CR); Montev. }: Monteverde community, alt. 1600 m, 5 Aug 1990, J. Atwood, S.

1650 (SEL), C C. Laser itlants, 17062, Monteverde Reserve, alt. 1500 m, 4 Nov. 1992, § Ingram & K. Ferrell

AMA: Chiriqui: Cerro

Homito, Dec. 1976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R. Dressler, N. Williams 1387 (SEL).

eteeeteretinen

ata

eee meee

= Fat na I er

mee ae x

3 J

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 95

Vegetatively, this species is one of the largest of the section. It occurs locally

frequently in Costa Rica and western Panama. Pleurothallis pompalis is character-

ized by the comparatively large habit with narrowly elliptical, petiolate leaves and a

long, secund inflorescence of flowers, several of which are open sim' ‘

The dark purple flowers are long-pubescent within. The obtuse petals and lip are

small. Most characteristic are the small, erect, , basal lobes of the lip.

The anterior corner of the truncate apex is slightly prolonged. A prominent pair of

lamellae occupy the middle third of the lip, and a small pair of adjacent lamellae are

present at the base.

Pleurothallis psilantha Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek psilanthos, “a bare flower,” referring to the hairless sepals.

i i iferii i , racemo secundo i foliis anguste obovatis

es subgeneris Unciferiae, habitu parvo ae plurifloro ve ,

Inter speci ad

obtusis longiore, ser obl

L Li . oe Th J hactim niann.

iphyti : i ime i slender, erect, 6-10

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender, fasciculate. Ramicauls 4

mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, obovate, obtuse to rounded at the

apex, subpetiolate, 3-5 cm long, 0.7-0.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the conduplic _—. slender

fats a pan secund, aaa y several-flowered raceme 4-10 cm long ee long;

peduncle 3-4.5 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts f rage i-

pedicel 3 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals translucent yellow, glabrous ide expanded

cally apiculate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide ide, 6-veined;

lateral Connate above the middle into an ovate, bifid lamina, 5-5 mm long, 5 met Wit yt

petals translucent, dark red, oblong-obovate, subacute, 2.5 mm long, | mm wide sos toseonk ches axteh,

3-obed, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, the anterior lob som the snide thi

hele ae side, saree pie Pe cnet soak ne,

trorse, acute, the disc with a

hi th (Bari obes om tim long, denticulate-winged at the apex, the anther and

stigma ventral, the foot thick with the apex of the ovary. pe

S. Ingram & K. Ferrell 714 (Holotype: CR; Is : MO, SEL), C- illustr. Guanacaste

near Candelaria, alt. 1100 m, 29 June 1989, J. T. Atwood 89-248 ). ao ne

Vegetatively, this species is smaller than the usual rh segoviensis. aes —

guished from the numerous variations of the latter by a, fn eP fee

ously flowered raceme barely borne beyond the ups 0 a ae el

peduncle; the average-sized flowers that are glabrous; sepals 2 . ee

carinate; and a three-lobed lip with narrow, act, eae the surface of the disc

carinae extend forward from the lobes onto the disc, iki chanel.

below the middle is slightly thickened and smooth, devoid callus

Paes i 3: 223, 1855.

Pleurothallis segoviensis Rehbf., Bonplandia 3: i the species was collected.

egy) Ma oeeeae See aa #1 Beemaan Rew. Gon: PL 2: 668, 1891.

a Ss Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 213, 1911.

Syn.: Pleurothallis wercklei Schltr., Repest. Spec. "0

By. Named in honor of C. Werelé who dscoversd OPS

Syn.: Pleurothallis johannis Schltr., Repest- ~ . Regn

Bry: Named in honor of the collect Nov 5 Veg. Beih. 19: 24, 1923.

° y (cok am + . Reg ‘ the flowers.

ee ” ref a

a : id. 4: 14, 1923.

Sun. Pleurothallis amethystina Ames, Sched. Orchid > 0. sowers

By. degen I colored,” referring

17: 140, 1921.

ae Sched. Orchid. 6: 69, 1923.

yn.: Pleur thallis vinacea Ames, 8 :

ag ag gree yinaceus “yine-colored, referring to the flowers.

96 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots — Sag Ramicauls slender,

erect, og cepacia renee thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf riaceous, narrowly elliptical to

narrowly elliptical-o obovate, obtu ly t the ap Hg 12 cm long, 0. 5- 1. 2 em wide,

narrowly Vessvety UVa iY I subp iol b Infl 1 secund,

simultaneously d 5-20 cm long including the peduncle 3-6 cm long,

from near the : apex oft the ramicanl: floral bracts oblique, acute, 2-4 mm long; pedicel 2-4 mm long;

ovary 15-25 mm any" ont shades of green, yellow, brown or purple, glabrous extemally, variously

y ovate, acute, 48 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lat ly eli , acute, shortly bifid lamina, 4-8 mm

aoa 2.5-4 mm wide, pera: petals tran slucent, er suffused with purple, e Seiiee acute to

subacute, 2.5-3. 5 mm long, 1- a 5mm wide, pveuned; Bh usually purple, 3 -lobed, 2-4 mm 1-2.5

e apex, the a lobes

prominent, erect, falcate, antrorse, narrowly obtuse to acute, the disc - a pair of calli on the middle

th a lesser pair of adjacent calli

at the base, the base hinged to the column-foot; column red or or purple, ey 2-4mm pia denticu-

late at the apex, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm long, thick with the apex of the ov:

NICARAGUA: Nueva Segovia eens Jan. 1848, Oersted 7314 (Holotype: C; Isotype: AMES);

Segovia, Oersted 227 (W). wage soni een Matagalpa and Jinotega, alt. 1200-1400 m, Moreno 594

(F, MO); between San Finca Bavaria, A. Heller ia (F).

r 166.

COSTA RICA: Cartago: between Tablazo and San Ciba, A Endres 89, 284, 307, 505 (W). Without

locality, obtained from K. Schumann, 1903, coll h. Wercklé s.n. (holotype destroyed at B,

of P. wercklei here designated: AMES 23689, ieee of type); ois San Cristébal Norte, alt.

1680 m, 26 Mar. 1995, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. Atwood et al. 17479 (MO); San Vicente de Ciudad Casada,

alt. 1850 m, cult. at Lankester Garden, Cartago, 7 Mar. 1995, C. Luer 17370 (MO). Alajuela: La Palma,

May 1921,C. Wercklé 44 (holotype of P. melicoides destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES

s-n., left half of sheet); Rincén de La Vieja, alt. 800 m, 27 June 1981, C. Luer & J. Luer 6418 (SEL).

Puntarenas: , alt. 1500 m, 18 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Dod 12100 O);

in pastures south of Monteverde Preserv e, alt. 1400 m, 14 Mar, 1989, J.T. Atwood 89-73 os San

José: ity, cult. at J .n. (ho! : : AMES;

isotype: K), C. Luer illustr. 18575; Carpintera, T: flowered in cultivation at Lankester Gardens,

Cartago, 7 Mar. 1995, C. Luer 17372 (MO). Without locality, ca. 1867, A. Endres 89, sketch "73 (W).

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: PansamalA, alt. 3,800 ft., Oct. 1885, H. v. Tiirckheim 801 (holotype of P.

owe Bp B; lectotype here designated: AMES 22136; isolectotypes: BR, K, NY, W); Coban,

4 1878, H. von Tiirckheim 117 (W); near Coban 50 m, Dec. 1907, H. von Tiirck-

heim II 1839 (BR, W); Coban, alt. 1550 m, Nov. 1912, H. von Tiirckheim 3997 (AMES, W); Coban,

e) cult, Feb , C. Luer 14613, 146 ); S$ t,

i ,a

Oct. 1920, H. Johnson 878 (holotype of P. amethystina: AMES); Carché, collected by M. Dix, cult.

21 Feb. 1981, C. Luer 5853 (SEL); Purulhé, er ed by M. ste cult. 21 a ey Luer 5854

Sa. a. Dee Verapaz: above Purula, Ce: tro Verde, alt. 1700 m, FC. Lehmann 1352 (BR).

oro 50 m, 17 Feb. 1985, C. Luer, J.

ae R. Dresser & - Dressler 10604 (MO). Chiriqui: alt. 5,000 ft. Mar. 1923, C.W. Powell 279 (K);

gpg 976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R. Dressler, N. Williams et al., 1387 (SEL); above Boquete,

m, 14 Feb. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, essler & K. Dressler 10528 (MO). Panama: Cerro

F LStevenson, 17 June 1975, C. Luer 045 ee

are found in varying proportions among the populations.

ae ively, this species is recognized by the densely caespitose, narrowly

Iptical to obovate leaves borne by abbreviated ramicauls. The inflorescence

totally hairless. The petals are elliptical

the male me OF less acute, about as long as the column, The lip is trilobed with

oblong and obtuse, and with prominent, uncinate, basal lobes. A pair

Fm saeeah apis the mide hid ofthe

Sue "~h ty lip, and at the base the surface varies

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 97

Pleurothallis wagneri Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. R

eee oe

Syn.: chasse, falcatiloba Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. psc os nr, 21 Dec. 1921.

Ety.: from the Latin falcatilobus, “falcate-lobed,”’ referring ir of lobes lip.

ae ‘Pleurothallis aguilarii Ames, oe scars oe oe

Plant small t iL ionbee. caespitose; roots slender, fasciculate.

Ramicauls slender, erect, 0.5-1. 5 =e ci 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf e

narrowly ob subpetiolate, 2.5-9 cm long, 1-1.6 cm wide, narrowly

cuneate below duplicat : 3 a subdense, secund, si

ly several-flowered raceme, 6-10 cm long i ding the slend duncle 4-6 cm long, from near the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3-4 mm long; pedicel 3. 5-5 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm

long; _ dark purple to dark brown, glabrous externally, white-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal

arrowly elliptical-ovate, acute, 9-16 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 3-veined, a ee

sliasaokaea acute, shortly bifid lamina, 9-15 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, 6-veined; petals translucent

yellow-brown, with the midvein darker brown, elliptical, obtuse, 2-3 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, I-

veined; lip purple or a occasionally ae al pubescent, ghlhacas mm long, 3

le apex, obes uncinate,

; of

h a a?

7 +, th , ant SR sr" +h lami

i rorse YY <4 Tim tone, Ff

2 ee oe eh * AAs inh he h hy ie

unguiculate, smooth, lee to the column-foot; column purple, semiterete, 3.5 mm long, denticulate at

Spite the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1.5 mm long, thick with the apex of

PANAMA: Chiriqui: Ao — specific locality, Apr. 1858, M. Wagner 25 (Holotype of P. wagneri

destroyed at B, Lectotype here designated: AMES 26762, illus ustr. of type); Valley of the Rio 0 Quebrada,

alt. 1700 m, 2 Aug. 1918, EP . cm 3540 (holotype of P. falcatiloba: AMES); Cerro Homito, Dec.

eo C. Luer, A. Luer, R. Dressler, N. Williams et al., i EL). Coclé: El Valle, collected and culti-

ed by Lupe Dreyfus, 10 Feb. 1985, C. Luer 10513

COSTA RICA: Heredia: Volcan de Barba, 3 Feb. 1924, collected by R. narnia ose seein

33157 (holotype of P. aguilarii: AMES). San José: Casa Mate, cult. at Lankester G Cartago, 7

Mar. 1995, C. Luer 17374 (MO). Without collection data, cultivated at pane mana Cartago, 18

Mar. 1986, C. Luer 12084 ).

COLOMBIA: Without collection data, cultivated at Colomborquideas, photograph Native Colombian

Orchids 3: 432, B-509.

This species was described twice independently in 1921 by rivals Ames and

Schlechter from different collections in the province of Chiriqui, Panama, Schlech-

ter’s description predating that of Ames by six months. The species is now known

to occur from central Costa Rica to central

ively small habit with

the

Pleurothallis wagneri is characterized by the comparati

narrowly obovate leaves and a congested, secund inflorescence e that surpasses them.

The raceme consists of the one-sided row of several, simultaneous, long, fleshy,

dark purple or purple-brown flowers that do not open widely. The sepals are cov-

ered within by a usually white pubescence. The petals are proportionately small.

The lobes of the lip are large and prominently falcate

The type of P. falcatiloba Ames is without flowers. There is a collection with-

out collection data, but with an illustration in Reichenbach’s herbarium at W with

the intended name P. pendulina.

98 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

100 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 12. Pleurothallis wagner

kk pl mp,

eo ee ae Cone 2 see Rene

aes

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 101

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Humboldtia segoviensis 95

allis

wercklei 88, 89, 95

REFERENCES

S. om 1952. Orchids of Guatemala, Fieldiana: Bot., 26(1): 250-251.

‘olia Orchidaceae Pleurothallis,

Ames O. & D. -

LINDLEY, J., 1859.

Luger, C.A., nat aie II. Monogr. gm

besomceneinndals pies Flora of Panama, Orchidaceae, Part 3, Fascicle 5065)

annnnann----, Onchidaceae of Mexico, Ceiba 2: 99. (Reprinted 1

103

ADDENDA TO DRACULA, MASDEVALLIA,

PORROGLOSSUM AND SCAPHOSEPALUM

ABSTRACT

New species ¢ of Dracula Luer, penierangy! Siypaaarwe Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav.,

The illustrations of

Dract ee anaf?r sh Aig 4

New taxa:

Dracula adrianae Luer, sp.

ariasiana Luer &

Scaphosepalum cloesii Luer, sp. nov.

& Hirtz, sp. nov

Scaphosepalum jostié Luer,

Scaphosepalum martinea ny on sp. nov.

Dracula adrianae Luer, sp. no

Ety.: Named in honor of Adriana, vife of Antonius (Ton) P. Sijm of Venhuizen, The Netherlands,

who cultivates

Planta pa di 1 ni a ( emper?), is albis i in 1 1 tis

intus breviter p acai labelli pi hilio tk YE ili, ee eee

excavato stinguitur.

small, opera epiphytic, — roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-2.5 cm

see mein loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous , carinate, narrowly obovate,

acute, 7- 12 cm long including the petiole, 0.8-1. Sean gredealy narrowed below into an nding,

long.

tran roa peduncle, 78 cv gram law on he ania: orl ta as, 7 long: pedicel ‘

mm long; ovary 7 mm long, round in cross section; sepals white, suffused with elongate ap. er

diffusely shor-pubescent within, the dorsal sepl transversely obovate , 7 mm long, 9 mm wide, connate

~ tha tatmcnl ae taf d, deep, sepaline cup, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted

into 0 a comparatively thick, red-brown tail 13 mm long, ihe ateral sepals broadly ovate, oblique, 9mm

long, 9 mm wide, co ly obtuse, contracted

en ean ta ofthe dora sepl: petals cream, macked wih dai brown, ca

Sonn. kksag, pon lang, 1:Smven ska, apes bivalvate, densely papillose the laminae, the

inner lamina subacute, denticulate, the outer lamina rounded; lip white, thickly pandurate, 8 mm long, 6

mm wide, the eich waneverly eilor, 3 mo Te iis ovs 5m em.

mm wide, deeply and broadly cleft centrally, with i rina, the

margins broadly ded, the ly See Cc, i A cod tote crema Siok, cole wR, stout,

semiterete, 5 mm long, denticulate at the tip, with a stout foot 3-4 mm long.

104 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COLOMBIA: Without collection data, obtained from Hubein, professional importer, cultivated at

Orchideeénkwerkerij, Venhuizen, The Netherlands, August 1998, by Ton Sijm 20898 (Holotype: MO),

C. Luerillust. 18879.

In the key to the species of Dracula (Icones Pleurothallidinarum-10), this spe-

cies keys out to D. delassandroi Luer, from which it differs markedly. Dracula

adrianae is distinguished by a small habit and a small, white, deeply cupped flower

borne by an erect peduncle nearly as long as the leaf. Within, the sepals are shortly

pubescent, and the tails are short and thick. The petals and lip are proportionately

large, mostly filling the sepaline cup. The sie and broadly cleft hypochile is

the epichile with a tall, central kee

The following four species of subgenus Lepanthes raise the number of species

for the subgenus in Ecuador to 279, and the two species of subgenus Brachycladi-

um, raise the total number of species of the genus known in Ecuador to 292

Lepanthes ariasiana Luer & Jost, sp. no

Ety.: Named in memory of the late Diego hie local collector and founder of the Llanganetes

Int. H 1, co I Re og eee cee os <e In dareali con.

eo - ¥ & LA a =

lark 1 As eh -e —% 4 je ee 1)

.—) Le J °

Verxo. 2 Se he -

ad t * ] Lt ti . * +:

Plant very small, epiphytic, long-repent, scandent, with branches up to 8 cm long or longer, the

rhizomes slender, 45 mm long between ramicauls, enclosed by 2 esas A imbricating, lepanthiform

long, concealed by 1 long-ciliate, lepanthiform sheath.

coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse to rounded at the aper, glabrous, 4-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 3-veined, the

base contracted i into a petiole 0. 25 mm long. a second, borne

if ramicaul; floral s nfandils lar, long-

shiote, lnsarieng; pedicel 5-2 hap Sea Telos ah ted pactaaodech tee, sepals

_—— y, cellular within, the ¢ dorsal sepal obovate, acute, convex, 2 mm long,

1.4 mm wide, 3-veined, co: 5 , the lateral sepals ovate, haa sub-

acute, 2mm long, Spee wide, i sceeie 2 may, Sasdacsh “wlety oe verging; petals densely cellular-

pubescent, sparsely long-ciliate, triansversely bilobed, oblong, 0.5 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, "ke lobes

Fane Tah sounded apicos, the upper lobe twice longer, lip protuberant, sparsely long-ciliate, sek

a broadly

EE 3 1, 1 sari ry by a short, aaa

ant 1 ro a

etree UADOR: Tangara Cerro Abitagua, alt. ca. 1860 m, 17 June 1998, L. Jost 1063 (Holotype: MO),

Among the species of subgenus Brachycladium, this species is one of the small-

est. It is without close allies. It is distinguished by the very small habit with ellipti-

cal, glabrous leaves; an extremely short peduncle bearing the tiny, reddish flower

pr a short pedicel below the tip of the leaf: ies lateral sepals diverging

lip ore y oblong, long-ciliate petals; an da protuberant, oblong, long-ciliate

oS WAUiliaal,

mendozae Luer To D’ Alessandro,

cht Named in honor of Luis Mendoza ieabanbe, Ecuador, puckte he tegen

___ Species haec L. - ictalurus 1 ffi lo profunde concavo,

iw pene enclosed

by 5-7 PP lender, erect, 1.5-3 cm long, enclose,

a La cen, broadly elliptical to whos pie

the filiform ea successively flowered, lexuous raceme up to 15 mum long including

5 ov: eect

. ral bract 1. wary |

ie epi alee pedicel 1.5mm long;

spa only oa rn Pad witha ss aevitees Setneel comel tog S onl paper

106 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

pal t tips int te, deeply connate, shortly bifid lamina, 11 mm long, 9.5 mm wide;

petals red, long-ciliate-pubescent, markedly unequally transversely bilobed, 0.75 mm long, 4 mm wide,

G ing .= thea be £ +h. umn, th upp lakh 1, rt, rounded, th 1 lnh blong, acute, long

attenuate; lip red, glabrous, bilaminate, the blades suboblong, 3 mm long, the apex of each contracted

into a narrow, incurved appendage 1 mm long, the connectives short, broad, forming a broad body,

apicul Jumn slender, cylindri ical, 2.5 mm long, the anther d al, th tigma ventral with a protrad-

ing, forked, stigmatic process.

chipe: Porvenir, alt. 1800 m, Mar. 1998, D. D’ Alessandro 5 (Holotype: MO),

ECUADOR:

C. Luer illustr. 18815.

This species is rare and endemic in southeastern Ecuador where a single plant

has been discovered on two occasions. It is closely related to L. ictalurus, which is

relatively frequent and widely distributed. Lepanthes mendozae is distinguished by

the smaller habit, larger flower, deeply connate sepals, deeply concave synsepal,

and shorter tails of totally glabrous blades of the lip. Both species are characterized

by fringed sepals; long-ciliate petals with a minute upper lobe and a long-attenuate

lower lobe; more or less oblong blades of the lip with narrow, apical appendages;

and a long, slender column with the petals connate near the basal quarter, and the

lip connate near the middle.

Lepanthes mooreana Luer & Jost, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for John V. Moore, neotropical omithologist of San José, California.

ae iy b ti bre-

is glabris, labelli | a +, hil 1<

o eo

. . i ies 4

viore lis ciliatis longi inati dalie ¢

> : o fr

lahr A x 1 + a :

. a bo

= = Lt 2 a o

Dient am >

ize, epiphytic, caespitose; Ramicauls slender, suberect to horizon-

tal, 6-10 cm long, enclosed by 12-14 long-ciliate, widely dilated, whitish, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf

more or less coriaceous, with purple, minutely and densely pubescent, narrowly ovate,

acute, acuminate, sulcate dorsally, 7-7.5 cm long, 1.5-1.7 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1-2

mm long. Inflo ti d, secund, ivel fl 4d . up to 5 mm long,

ht; om the: 7. oh A

‘ of the leaf by a slender peduncle 10-25 mm long; floral bracts 1.5-2

mm long, minutely ciliate on the margins; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long, carinate-ciliate;

sepals ovate, acute, acuminate, ciliate, carinate-ciliate, the dorsal sepal dull yellow, suffused with purple-

iB li

oblong, 2.5 mm long, covering the column, with the ends rounded, the connecti\ ,

above the middle, the body narrow, connate to the base of the column, the appendix small, broadly tri-

angular, column 1-1.5 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma broadly dilated, subapical.

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: Cerro Abi j

Luer illustr. 18926, Abitagua, alt. ca. 1900 m, 4 Mar. 1998, L. Jost 86 (Holotype: MO), C.

This species of series Lepanthes subsection Lepanthes would be placed among

those with “the most unusual leaves.” The shortly but densely pubescent leaves

are narrowly ovate, long-acuminate, and pendent, borne by ramicauls clad in white,

broadly dilated, long-ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. The congested raceme lies in the

sulcus on the dorsum of the leaf. The sepals are ciliate and long-acuminate with the

tails of the laterals diverging and incurved. The oblong, diverging lobes of the

petals are glabrous. The parallel, narrowly oblong blades of the lip are also gla-

— The connectives bear the blades above the middle, and the appendix is short

ome:

ES RRS n= Sears Tie IE

pa"

ee ee oe ee

eee er ee ee oe

owt Aes a a Rana oa

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR 107

Lepanthes mulleriana | Luer, , Sp. NOV.

View, CA, who h full Iti 4 thi

Panta par, mcemo Inc fio ovar abso as mine lagi, ora marin

# Vabeal ix tected , lobis triangular.

ibus longispiculatis distinguitur.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-5 cm long,

enclosed by 4-5 microscopically scabrous, lepanthiform orm sheaths. Leaf erect, ovate,

Sy mm n long, 10-13 mm wide, the b t

riod cost rh al |

1-3 mm sted , distichous, ively few-fl j - up to 6 mm

fog eee eee entually equalling he leaf b d Je 9-20 mm

floral bracts 1.25 mm long, minutely muriculate; idle fae ae ovary 1 mm long: 1 sepals

whitish, > with rose along the veins, the margins minutely t undulate, with a zone of —

tuse, shocily-acleabidle: Sanne tou 4 maceie ns penn ak BR ee

sepals connate 6 mm pee riya pea, ler pt meget jew

mens acute; petals white.

long, 3 wide, the lobes obliquely | I the lobes equal; lip mae pre tri-

saguler talsbed, shortly cleft, the lobes se sari 1.5 mm seg, 3 mm wide expanded, flanking

column, with the co comers narrowly rounded, the margins long-ciliate connate basally to the base of ne

colum

ECUADOR: Without collection data, purchased from José Portilla by Philip Muller, orang at

Mountain View, CA, March 1998, P. Muller 200 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 18785.

lecti ij Venhuizen, The Netherlands, by A.P. Sijm s.n. “OMOh

This s species of subsection Lepanthes is cultivated without collection data. It has

no close relatives. It is distinguished by the small habit and a broadly elliptical leaf

with proportionately large, successive flowers that eventually are borne beyond the

leaf. The margins of the sepals are minutely undulate, and a short distance within

the margins the surface bears a zone of scurfy trichomes. The petals are transverse

ly crescent-shaped. The lobes of the lip are triangular with the margins cne-cilee-

spiculate. No appendix is present.

on oe Luer & Jost, sp. no

Ety.: F diminutive of series, “‘a Hite series,” — to the an habit.

Species es haec series Luer & Hirtz similis, ; gi

et appendice oblonga apice bilobata differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, scandent; roots slender. Ramicauls suberect, prolific, 11 mm long, enclosed

by 3 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 9-11 mm long, 6-7 mm wide,

the base broadly cuneate into the petiole 1 mum long. Inflorescence a loose, s xuous, successively

duncl 13 mm long; floral bract 1.5 mm

5-2 mm | ov 1 mm long, ted; all floral parts

long per pemeg ts ong: wt , 2 mm long 1.4mm wide, 3-veined, con-

eT ed cedars tent es oblique, 2 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, 1-

veined, barely connate at the base; petals a short-pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.4 mm long,

1.6 mm wide, the lobes subequal, opposite, , with the tips rounded; lip bilaminate, laminae

oblong, 1 mm long, densely mbar money the ends narrowly rounded, the connectives broadly cu-

nese, ee to the colonia shows the base, with the sinus obtuse, the appendix oblong,

column 1 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Napo: Guacamayo Range, alt. 2100 m, May 1998, L. Jost & M. Lysinger 147 (Holotype:

MO), C. Luer illustr. 18927.

This little climbing species is closely allied to L. series, and like L. series, it is

known from only one specimen. Vegetatively, the two species are similar, the

lepanthiform sheaths of L. serialina being conspicuously ciliate. The racemes are

loosely few-flowered. The floral parts are less than half the dimensions of those of

L. series. The lateral sepals are denticulate; the petals are transversely oblong,

proportionately much larger than those of L. series; and the minute blades of

are oblong and pubescent. The appendix is oblong and bilobed at the apex.

108 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes viebrockiana Luer & Jost, sp. no

ik, Pee amen at Ey: Viton sndes tl kin ¥. Moore, omithologist.

haec L. platysepalae Luer sage on rcbreoua sed flore minore, sepalis lateralibus longicilia-

tis, petalis trilobis et labelli lobis basalibus elongatis

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, ith b h — 8 long or longer, the rhi lender, 4-5

1 L : 1 1, A pees em ae 1 th t slender, from

nodes along the thizome. Re Ramicauls 0.5-0.75 mm long, concealed d by 1 similar, lepanthiform sheath.

elliptical, 5-6 mm long, 3.5-4.25 mm

wide, 3-veined, the base contracted into a petiole 0.25 mm long. Inflorescence a single flower followed

by a

ciliate, 1.25 mm long: pedicel Sum long; vary crite spcaate, 2 mm long; ig: Sepals purplish on outer

halves, whitish on inner halves, broadly obovate, ob-

tuse, shallowly concave, 3.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, oa ben to the lateral sepals, the

cg Die e-denticulate, conn ate 1.25 mm into an ovate, t bifid lamina, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm

4-veined, with th cute, 2; hite suffused I gh obed,

bie wg pona the lobes broad witl ded apices, th lot 1 than the

other 2; lip white suffosed with subtrian: -subcordate, 1.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide

purple, glabrous, gular

— th the apex pape rounded, with the sides clasping the column, the base with retrorse

ECUADOR: Temparatinn! tad Mle 1750 m, 8 June 1998, L. Jost 1035 (Holotype: MO), C.

Luer illustr. 18929.

Amo ies of subgenus Brachycladium, this species is most similar to

the Colombian L. pachysepala. The dorsal sepal is erect, broadly obovate and

shallowly concave; the lateral sepals are long-ciliate and connate to about the

middle; the petals are three-lobed, with the lobes short and rounded on the ends; and

the lateral lobes of the lip closely surround the shaft of the column.

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR 109

Fig. 291. Lepanthes serialina

110 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Masdevallia adrianae Luer, Sp. NOV.

(Ton) Sijm of Venhuizen, The Netherlands, who, as

nn PD. a 2 | wit Ts, le Relcoinm lts

Sis = ae autwerticme Alatiraulee F ‘ t a | a synsepalo in tubum tia-

tite 8 af af 3 13 PgR es yb “pas kh + pee =) :

Lae t.k. TT, i}. = .. Sa + ni *: oe >

a oe Le = oO

Plant medi Ramicauls erect, 1.5-2.5

*Ogedemccrei loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-12 cm long sag oe the

peice cm bag, te bade elisa, sabecue, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflor-

a slender, suberect, rene ems

peduncle 15-1 9 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ; floral b ri

ca. 10mm long; pedicel 12-13 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals fleshy, glabrous, kina aaa

beyond the orifice of the tube, the dorsal sepal elliptical, 18 mm long excluding the

tail, 9 mm wide, connate to to the lateral | sepals for 9 mm to form a cylindrical sepaline tube obtusely

gibbous beneath, the ap ins, 10 mm long, 3 mm wide

not expanded, the lateral sepals connate 19 mm into an elliptical, bifid lamina, 26 mm long including the

re es beer yellow, cartilaginous, oblong, 8 mm long, 3 mm

2 ya borge meena peered lip orange, ——. oblong-s abpandurate, 6mm

venta pean it . _ CONVE: x, the hypochile

Cink enindiade at tn Yo Sheol h rt, i . it te, slender, 6

ie tas Gs eck dana boo,

ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from José Portilla, collector, cultivated in Hasselt, —_—

am, by Patrick Cloes 97828 (Holatype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 18795; obtained from same source, cul!

vated in Venhuizen, The Netherlands

» by Ton Sijm s.n. (MO).

This species of subsection Alaticaules is similar in habit to the majority of

species contained therein. The flowers are produced successively in a congested

raceme borne by a slender peduncle that exceeds the leaf. The sepals are deeply

connate into an orange tube that is obtusely swollen on the bottom side. With

incurving sides, the dorsal sepal forms a tube-like tail beyond the tube. The lateral

sepals are suffused with red-purple and are connate to within 5 mm of subacute

apices, The petals are oblong and longer than the lip which is divided above the

middle by marginal folds.

cm long i 7 L ‘thickly

including the petiole 2.5-3.5 cm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, obtuse, 2-3 cm wide, cuneate

05-2cm stout, deeply channeled petiole. Inflorescence a successive, loosely few-flowered

spy ps cm between flowers, borne by a very slen ender, arching to pendent peduncle 15-17 cm long,

2 distant bracts, from the base of : bular 8 8-10 mm long; pedicel 7-9 mm

long; ovary 8-10 mm long; sepals gla A 1 1 2. d, yellow-green, suffused

long urple above the middle and along ths veins, Got aacenetdetest broadly ovate, 17 mm

nccal Tae, obtuse, contracted into a slender, ee ema

1 sepals : Mreombaengah lateral sepais

- ovate, deeply rugose, bifid lamina, 35 mm long, 25 mm wide, concave

Wihite ceane SPices acute, contracted into light green tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal: petals

a , bliquely elliptical, narrowly truncate, 9 mm long, 4mm wide, — sist =

a cut —e a

mile tan below the mide, oblong pandure -pandurate, narrowed near the middle, 10 mm long, 5 mm wide, the

share apes denticulate, the disc with a pair of oblique folds above the middle, shallowly

semiterete, 8 the base , hinged beneath nearly to the middle; column w: white,

mum long, the foot 4 mm long, the fice extension 3.5 mn lone.

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 111

PANAMA: Chiriquf: “Fortuna,” alt. 1200

Senet ca VT tn Sues Cr Oe Rae OS aa

This species of subsection Polyanthae, recently discovered in western Panama,

is indeed different from all the others, but it is most similar to M. thienii Dodson.

The extremely thin peduncle originates from the base of a ramicaul. The peduncle

is about as long as the leaf, but because of the weight of the large, successive flow-

ers, the raceme becomes pendent. The sepals are connate into a cup with the dorsal

sepal held forward. The lateral sepals are connate into a deeply rugose synsepal

with a central, conical concavity. A tall lamella is present on the petals above the

lower margin. The lip is large with prominent, non-marginal folds at a constriction

above the middle. Most unusual is the large callous base beneath that extends nearly

to the middle, to which the extension of the column-foot is hinged.

Masdevallia monicana Luer sp. nov.

BS Ramee Sy es er ho culti his species in h lection in Quito, Ecuador.

Ad ) Lb. £ affinis, A A. | J, igi p Ph 2 4. +5 py

sae differt.

ant large, presumably oe et roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3 cm long,

Boia by 2-3 loose, tubular rect, thickly coriaceous, 10-12 cm long including the

petiole 2 cm long, the blade clipticl,obtave, 22.5 om wide into the Inflores-

9 10 cm long, with a bract near the base, from

low on ore agi beeps ipa apace regen apes ovary 1 cm long;

white, slightly suffused purp eins, glabrous, the the dorsal sepal obovate, 25

mm , 16 mm wide, te to the lat a cylindrical sepaline tube, the

apex subacute, contracted into an erect, ender ight get 5 on long, the lateral sepals connate

24 mm into an oblong, | bifid lamina, i ae —_ ht

white, = extlaginom, elliptical, acute, 9 mm long, 4

. a | | Law +.

obtuse;

‘ wide, t

ee ues ia Yalow tard to bas, oblong, slightly dilated at above the middle, 10

mm long, 5 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded denticulate

disc with a pair of low, longitudinal calli the middle third, the base subcordate, hinged sa teonale

column white, suffused with purple along the margins, semiterete, 7 mm long, the foot

ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from José Portilla, collector, cultivated by Monica

Navarro in Quito, Ecuador, 20 Feb. 1998, C. Luer 18761 (Holotype: MO).

This species of subsection Coriaceae is similar to the Colombian M. pachyantha.

They are vegetatively similar with large flowers of the same size and color. Masde-

vallia monicana is distinguished by the peduncle that is more than twice as long.

The sepals are at least twice as deeply connate into a cylindrical tube instead of a

short, broadly gaping cup. The petals are similar with an acute apex and callous on

the labellar half. The lips are also similar, but the pair of calli of M. monicana are

narrow, while the pair of carinae of M. pachyantha are thick and verrucose.

4 er & Tea, nov.

Masdevallia newmaniana u Sons , Sp. ee ateaii ve

Species haec M. goliatidis Luer & Andreetta affinis, sed flore multiminore, petalis submarginale

a ee a | Ai] 1 an tad 1 Lae ae = TI, dignoscenda

Ramicauls erect,

edium in size to ae sisal —— caespitose; roots fleshy.

PET pe sa , enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular she aths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 13- ced

long including the petiole ca. 3 cm long, the blade eek subacute, 2-2.5 cm wide, gradually nar

base. Inflorescence a few-flo

ee, ae 40 cm long, with 2-3 close e bracts below the renga

ike ramicaul; floral bract tubular, i 15 mm long; pedicel 12-15 mm long; ee Ne ee

fleshy, dark red-purple, glabrous ex within, the blade

to the lateral

112 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

wide, the acute api i

cartilaginous, , dotted with purple, minutely ate ig-obovate,

shortly unguiculate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the ¢ apex retuse, bilobed, both halves callous,

the upper half only at the apex, the lower half longitudinally carinate, shallowly sulcate centrally; lip,

yellow, dotted with red-purple, thick, oblong-obovate, 5.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, verrucose, with minute-

d at J into tail 7 cm long, the total length 9.5 cm; petals

ablonca.

asper

ly irregular ins above the middle, the apex rounded, a smooth, rounded callus beneath, disc shallow-

ly sulcate between 3 low veins, the base subcordate, shallowly concave between elevated margins,

hinged beneath; column greenish white, stout, semiterete, 3 mm long, the foot thick with a very short,

incurved extensi

ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from José Portilla, collector, cultivated by Newman in

San Francisco, Califomia, 22 Oct. 1998, C. Luer 18944 (Holotype: MO).

This species of subsection Durae is closely related to M. goliath, with which it

very possibly is sympatric in southeastern Ecuador at a relatively low altitude. It is

distinguished from the latter by the smaller habit and smaller flower that approaches

that of M. panguiénsis. From M. panguiénsis it is distinguished by longer, more

slender tails and verrucose petals. From M. goliath it is further distinguished by

petals with a carina above the lower margin, and an obovate, broadly obtuse lip

without the revolute apex and apical margins.

Masdevallia obscurans Luer, stat. nov.

Bas.: Masdevallia infracta Lindl. subsp. obscurans Luer, Lindleyana 3: 37, 1988. (Illustration)

Ety.: From the Latin obscurans, “ covering, darkening,” referring to the darkly colored, incomplete-

ly opening flower.

This readily recognizable Brazilian species was described as a subspecies of the

common and variable M. infracta, but the differences that segregate M. obscurans

are sufficiently distinct to recognize it at the specific level. As the successively

flowered raceme elongates, it becomes arcuate and horizontal. The dorsal sepal is

connate to the laterals for only slightly over half the length of the blade, instead of

nearly the length of the blade. The deep indentation or notch before the chin of the

column-foot so characteristic of M. infracta, is noticeably shallower. Within, the

lateral sepals are deep purple-black with a fine, purple pubescence. Instead of

gaping with recurved lateral sepals and long tails, the flower of M. obscurans is less

widely spread with short, non-recurved tails. The petals and lip are basically simi-

lar to a of M. infracta, except that the epichile of the lip is broader than the

ypochile.

Masdevallia oscitans Luer, stat. nov.

Bas.: Masdevallia infracta Lindl. subsp. oscitans Luer, Lindleyana 3: 37, 1988. (Illustration)

Ety.: From the Latin oscitans, “gaping, yawning,” referring to the widely patent flower.

This easily recognized species from Brazil, closely allied to the common and

variable M. infracta Lindl., was initially described as a subspecies of that species.

The strictly erect peduncle is more slender and proportionately longer than that of

the usual M. infracta. Instead of forming a deeply cupped sepaline tube, the dorsal

sepal is connate to the lateral sepals for no more than half its length into a compara-

tively short tube with the lateral sepals spread widely into a flat surface beyond the

esos as sepa a core dorsal sepal is acutely reflexed. The petals and

to M. i ichi i

. seid cs of M. infracta, except that the epichile of the lip

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 113

Masdevallia polychroma Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek polychroma, “ eee: ” Rasaeicsys saat nian

a ence 3 eubenchicnsis Caudatae

Inte

longo, s sepali s la

fr fr -)

Sots 1, A 45 +. > “71

Zz e . ft -* ii

tals “as A +. + _ + lahall, 3.1 tn Aetna

*s LAs bl a

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, blackish, 8-11 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-6.5 cm cerns ted cara

cm long, the blade elliptical, sul subacute, 1.3 1.6 cm wide, cuneate below into the blackish petiole. Infor

escence a solitary flower

low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 8 mm long; pedicel 10 long: ae a sepals

mm wide, e ming, spas cop

the apex rounded, abruptly contracted = erect, slender, yellow-green tail 3 cm long, the lateral

sepals light ros e, suffused with rose along the veins, broadly ovate, oblique, 13 mm long, 12mm wide,

connate 5 mm , obtuse

dorsal sepal; oe pen 9c sce of tacts p LTT a tale alae

acute, the labellar margin with a thick, longi winglike carina, aagerayed

process above the base; lip rose, dotted with purple, wlindcal-ctiing.5 om lng, 2" 2.75 mm re

apex subtruncate, with a small, marginal callus, the disc with an indistinct pair of ne?

base rounded, hing. ed beneath; column white, suffused with purple along the margins. semiterct, mm

long, the foot 3 ]

ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from José Portilla collector, cultivated by J & L

Orchids 498-559, 16 Apr. 1998, C. Luer 18791 (Holotype: MO)

This species is related to those members of subsection Caudatae that are allied

to the M. xanthina-complex characterized by a shallow, gaping, long-tailed, sepa-

line cup. It is distinguished from all of them by the golden yellow dorsal _

studded with red cells within; light rose lateral sepals with darker rose veins; 85

petals with a large, thick, retrorse tooth; and a rose, oblong lip with a minute

ginal callus at the broad apex.

Masdevallia robusta Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin robustus, “robust,” referring to the habit

Inter species =. Durae planta grandis, foliis acutis pose racemo suberecto paucifloro,

is atropurpureis glabris petalis cartilagineis oboe —

et lahell

si 7 Ramicauls stout erect, 4-5.5 am

Plant large, robust, presumably rere ar om Rai set

= penerenht -3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, conaceous, aan

vatesiige mage wly elliptical, acute, pe ube itie by a stout, ascending peduncle 15-22 om

aloo se, , successively few-flow wered bove the as, om aa tea ri

long,

bet inflated, 15-22 mnie epee per orang, 16 mi wade 3 Cndad eraanietothe

along the veins, glabrous, the

with renee sulcate be

with a minutely denticulate keel beneath, srg ‘i cathe ead 0

low, converging calli above we middle, ent base meeianenyror r= aick vine me

rs ree at Orchideeénkwekenj,

data, otnind from from a collector, alien Fr illus. 18876,

Venhizea Tbe Nodes emgreeey 1998, Ton Sijm 16520 (Holotype: MO), oie nn

This large species, a member of subsection regio is Sail . dares

Peruvian M. ayabacana Luer. It differs from the latter, othes

114 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

members of the subsection, by acute, distinctly petiolate leaves. From M. ayabaca-

na it differs in a non-gibbous sepaline tube, oblong petals, and a lip with a keel

beneath the apex, and with well-developed basal recesses as seen in M. dura Luer.

schizostigma Luer

Ety.: From the Greek schizostigma, * split stigma,” refering tothe divided sigma.

Planta parva, M. sanchezii Luer similis, sed labello | bl to, et

stigmate bifurcato distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 0.5-1 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 4-6 cm long including the petiole 1.5-

2 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, ( 0.8-1 cm wide, eae aor tee below into the black-

ish petiole. Infl lender peduncle 4-5 cm long, with a

ba nak om oo te ania rl rt fm ong: odie! 4mm og: vay mm

s, the dorsal ot nepal ee 25 mm long en

de Ga Sam ei 3-veined.

triangular, acute, attenuated into a slender, antrorse tail, the lat eral sepals na went

ovate, 25 mm gp including the tails, each 3n ab haa 3-veined, comnts 6 mm without cates a

ite, glabrous, narrow

ly elliptical, sharply ce acute, ‘6mm long, 1.5 mm wide, nue igh thickened along the labellar

margin; lip yellow, smooth narrowly elliptical-ovate, sharply acute, 7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined,

, fl ly attached to the base of | the column; column | semiterete,

2.5 mm long, th tl late, non-deciduous,

vinsage Amazonas E1 Mirador alt. 2000 m, July 1998, Patrick Cloes s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer il

This little species, apparently endemic in northeastern Peru, was collected by

Patrick and Martine Close of Hasselt, Belgium. Superficially, the small, yellow,

slender-tailed flower appears similar to M. sanchezii, with the acute tips of the

petals and lip visible peeking out the sep tube. The petals and lip are similar to

each other: narrowly elliptical and sharply acute. The single-veined lip is smooth

and featureless, The truncate base is inflexibly connate to the base of the column.

The anther is operculate and nondeciduous. The stigma is shallowly cleft between

two short, pedicellate, stigmatic lobes, a feature heretofore unknown in the genus.

tripollex Luer, Sp. Nov.

Ety.: From the Latin tri-pollex, “with three thumbs,” referring to the sepaline tails.

ee works agora generis Porroglosso Schltr. age Parva, folio eat petiolato, ovario enrages

Plant small, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls black, erect, slender, 9-11

sejetetonan se (35 , tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, dark green, lightly vermu-

oe 3 long, the blade elli

tical, subacate to obtuse, 0.9-1 cm long including the petiole spel lesan 6

4 rounded cup, the apex thickly tubular with revolute

sepals ovate, ¢ margins, 3 mm wide, rounded at the tip, the lateral

Pedant » oblique, 13 mm long, 5 mm wide, connate 4 mm, th pa ere *

below the slightly dilated, rounded ar , oblong-ovate, 4.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, narrowed

= : # » the lower r below the mide: lip withthe

ee arenes eee ee en ee eee ore

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 115

ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from José Portilla, Oct. 1998, in San Francisco, Califor-

nia, by Walter Teague 271 pie MO); pei collection — cultivated by in Stockholm,

Sweden, Apr. 1997, S. Dalstrém 2278 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 18429.

A flower of this species was first illustrated tier a plant cultivated in Sweden,

but the plant was lost. The species was next seen from Walter Teague who had

obtained the plant from José Portilla without collection data. The non-rotated

flowers are easily recognized by the three, thick, ‘‘thumb-like” tails of the sepals.

pi teamlgeree bee repsaiascsie phew as and the apex is

subclavate. The blade of the lip is c

si rene ara cloesii Luer, sp. no

Ety.: N amed in honor of Patrick Clos of Hast, Belgium, ant er

S ies h S . dalstroemii Luer affinis, i fll , Sef gi

hnec “et Th + 1g LI gi distinguitur

iphyti enclosed

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots s slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long,

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf e rect, coriaceous, 7 Ui derdap depres tiageoriragy oases apy

elliptical, acute, 1.5 cm Inflorescence s-

tichous, successively many-flowered raceme, |

duncle de spanereieantirsasey: the ramicaul; floral bracts

acute, 3 ong; pedicel: s 8 mm long below, 4 mm long above; ovary carina, 3 mm ston. te sepals

SS lightl rand sparsely marked with red, carinate, the mii and concave

b mighty a 3.5 mm wide, Sonat tent form, conc int thick, —

ct: ayia 13

font y antes eae wrcrosctically ciliate, the cushions triangular, 3m en, 2

wide, the tails expanded, slender, verrucose, 4-5 mm long; petals obliquely elliptical, feed so sore the

wide, bee peice oui wi ih the margins bony und y undulate; lip deeply oblong,

middle, 3 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, the epi ong, obtuse. pera ¥

of carinae becoming denticulate crests at the junction epic,

i ir! ee hase ont 04 avian wie m

base truncate;

pubescent foot 3 mm eg

Hasselt,

ECUADOR: Without coll data, purchased from osé Portilla, flowered in cultivation at

Belgium, May tencap terme 97828A al Cadawee MO), rs ‘ete! 18885.

This species is closely allied to S. dalstroemii, but it is en ci

latter by a smaller habit with smaller flowers; tails of the synsepal ria ine

and a lip with a narrowly oblong hypochile and epichile. In com '

species share petals with an undulate margin, and a long, thick, dense y pubescen'

column-foot.

Scaphosep lobos & Hirtz, sp

. ricer ane, "ka lobe" fering othe chins fhe ate sl

ae odontochlo Kaen. fais, sed flor

deis globosis recurvatis differt.

it medium in si iphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, erect, slender, 0.5-1 cm long,

atkaeeiratahenoes Leaf ere, tiny coviaeons, 5-15 2 to tener _eesrege tet

the blade elliptical, acute, 1.5-2.5 om wide, narrow below ere

me ese pm net saa etm acute, 2.5-3

lhe oval

, the

ro a whe son. , subacute, 2 mm long, Sains — aes

e ; lamellae

denticulate above the mi middle, the disc with a pair of tall, fused with purple semiterete, slender, winged

the base truncate, min’ uiely bilobulate; column

above the middle, 3 mm long, with a thick foot 1.5 mm long.

116 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Condor, epiphytic in forest east of Chuchumbletza, alt.

1750 m, 21 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13561 (Holotype: MO).

This species was first treated as a geographical variation of S. odontochilum

(Systematics of ogee it Icones Pleurothallidinarum-5 ). Although closely

the collection uador differs significantly

from collections of S. jcentocetviien from higher altitudes in Colombia. The flowers

are only half the size in dimensions. The thick, cushion-like dorsal sepal recurves

to expose the ovoid cushions of the convex, lateral sepals that are also with re-

curved, apiculate apices. The entrance into the interior of the flower is consequent-

ly constricted.

Scaphosepalum jostii Luer, sp. no

Ety.: Named in honor of Louis (Lou) hie physicist, biologist and artist of Bafios, Ecuador, who

Species haec S. od K affinis, sed sepal lateralia callis subnulli apicibus

mo baring Sg

Wien} a 3 1. rf 1 4 Ra micauls sl r, erect,

petmaee aca 2-31 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, panie coriaceous, 6-11 cm long including a

slender petiole 2.5-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, acute, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into

the petiole. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several- to many-flowered raceme, up to

1.5m long, bome by a slender peduncle, 6-8 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts narrowly

acuminate, 5 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals — tan, striped with purple

along the veins, carinate, the middle sepal ovate, deeply concave in the low narrowed above with

, pacer airy acahey ute ap “iguanas id pand cians ey tines

pals fi tube, the lat into a bifid lami , 7mm long, 3 mm

id 1 j, con ae Sac * tha h of the anices. th

triangular, acute, 4.5 mm long; onatiaemarar pe 3 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, mac constricted

Rap aera lip purple, ovate, subacute, 3 mm long, 2 mm rgins deeply den-

e dier unth : Lendl

re, eS, on en ..

i Sten toe

le, th base

sbatien , broadly winged above the aie 5 mm long, the

rep seantets estes rea Cerro Abitagua, alt. 1950 m, 8 June 1998, L. Jost 1044 (Holotype: MO),

Although similar in many respects to S. odontochilum, this species is distin-

guished by long, narrowly triangular apices of the lateral — with merely a pair

of indistin lamina of the lateral sepals. The diagnostic cushions

of the lateral sepals of Scaphosepalum are poorly developed in several species (S.

cimex, S. clavellatum, many wea. of S. microdactylum, and S. odontochilum),

but in none so faintly developed as i in this species. Were it not for the similarities of

the vegetative and floral parts to S. odontochilum, the genus would be difficult to

separate from Pleurothallis.

Scaphosepalum martineae Luer, Sp. NOV.

Ety.: Named in honor of Martine Cloes of Hasselt, Belgium, co-collector of this species.

Species h haec S. breve (Rchb-f. ) Rolfe affinis, sed ovario densissime scabroso, candis versacosts,

labello ticulato

differt.

sors to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-2.5

ca tt nts Lal on ota, ses con Soom entecng pero =”

Mi a fake nae ee tiole.

below becoming more slightly 1 1 Han

peduncle, 8-10 caong, fom low above, upto 8 cm a at appr rigid, roughly —

a: sete cen ate-denticulate,

microscopically ciliate, ciliate, the middle para Tpscharan apt —— pore

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 117

connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 mm, contracted into a thick, ascending tail, 7-8 mm long, 1.2 mm

wide toward the apex, the Istoral sepals conte 10 sus too an <bfiap. sesso Kanan: —

mm wide, the cushions y triangular, 5.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the decurved,

cose, 14mm long petals yellow, peso hess. 4 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, with tho apex rounded,

£ 7 ip deeply p 3.5 mm long, 2

mm wide, the epichile at the istl ded, dee ly denticulate, the isthmus 0.5 mm wide, the

hypochile subquadrate I f denti y

bil c; ey op tome bat? Sm

3 Datnrl -, it « Lleceelt

U: Amazonas: Divisio! M

ieee July 1998, P. Cloes & M. Mi Cloex 32 (Holoeype: MO), Cin ibee eats

This species with a slender, coarsely scabrous peduncle is related to the frequent

and variable S. breve. It is distinguished from all the variations of the latter by a

densely scabrous-verrucose Ovary, unspotted sepals with verrucose tails of the later-

ichile of the lip with a membranous, broadly

subquadrate hypochile, and an extremely narrow isthmus.

118 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 7. Masdevallia schizostigma Fig. 8. Porroglossum tripollex

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 121

INDEX OF ADDENDA

Dracula 103, 104

adrianae Pee 104, 105, Plate 112.

104

eries Lepanthes

ariasiana 104, 108, Fig. 287.

ictaluris 104, 106

mendozae 104, 106, 108, Fig. 288.

mooreana 106, 109, Fig. 289.

mulleriana a 109, Fig. 290.

platysepala 1

serialina 107, a Fig. 291.

series ie

viebrockiana 108, 109, Fig. 292.

Masdevallia 103

subsect. Alaticaules 110

subsect. Caudatae e ey

subsect. Coriaceae

cae seit a 13

goliath 111,112

an oversight, the word ‘Holotype’

ecile Luer, Icones Pleurothallidinarum

polychroma 113, 119, Fig. 5.

robusta 113, 119, Fig. 6.

sanchezii 1

schizostigma 114, 119, Fig. 7.

ina-complex 113

Pleurothallis Ae

114

tripollex i 119 Fig. 8.

03, 116

ese “7 eitT

eer tha 116

cloesii 115, 120, Fig. 9.

delassandroi 115

microdactylum 116

odontochilum 115, 116

aaron

type for Trichosalpinx

foci ET 31, 1997. The citation should read:

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora- -Chinchipe: east of the pass east of Loja, alt. 2250 m, 22 May 1988, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13595 (Holotype: MO).