THE GENUS LEPANTHES Sw. IN BOLIVIA (ORCHIDACEAE)

Carlyle A. Luer

Lisa Thoerle

ABSTRACT

Following a brief history and discussion of the genus Lepanthes Sw. in

Bolivia, the 67 currently known species are described and illustrated with black

and white line drawings.

New species:

Lepanthes altamiranoi Luer

Lepanthes crescentiformis Luer

Lepanthes croatii Luer

Lepanthes microphallica Luer

Lepanthes schoonenii Luer

New typifications:

Lepanthes rupicola Schltr.

Lepanthes sillarensis Schltr.

Lepanthes subgen. Lepanthes sect. Lepanthes is represented in Bolivia by three

subsections:

Lepanthes subgen. Lepanthes sect. Lepanthes subsect. Lepanthes

Type: Lepanthes ovalis (Sw.) Fawcett & Rendle.

Lepanthes subgen. Lepanthes sect. Lepanthes subsect. Bilabiatae Luer

Type: Lepanthes bifalcis Luer

Lepanthes subgen. Lepanthes sect. Lepanthes subsect. Breves (Luer) Luer

Type: Lepanthes monoptera Lindl.

Lepanthes Sw. consists of over 800 species distributed from southern Mexico

and the Antilles through the Andes into Bolivia, with the greatest concentration in

the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, each with over 300 species. Although the

genus is poorly known in Peru, the number there must also be great. The Andes of

Bolivia is the southernmost range of the genus, with 67 knowm species in the

narrow strip of humid forest that stretches from Peru to central Bolivia along the

eastern edge of the Andes between the paramo and the hot lowlands. Very few

species of Lepanthes are known from the Amazonian lowlands, and none from

farther south in Brazil and its southern neighbors. Although several species are

widely distributed, most species are local and endemic. Most species currently

known from Bolivia are endemic.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 1. Political Map of Bolivia

brazil

Lago Titicaca!*. ^

CHILE

Below 1000 m

1000-2000 m

2000-3000 m

3000-4000 m

Above 4000 m

ARGENTINA

Fig. 2. Physical Map of Bolivia

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The first species of Lepanthes to be reported from Bolivia was L. paivana , de¬

scribed by Reichenbach in 1881, although several species that have been subse¬

quently found in Bolivia were previously described from other countries. Species

described earlier, but only later attributed to Bolivia, include Reichenbach’s L.

ionoptera and L. wageneri , both based on specimens from the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia; L. helicocephala from Suriname; and Lindley’s ubiquitous L. mucrona-

ta , originally described from an Ecuadorian collection. Schlechter published the

next two Bolivian species, Lepanthes rupicola and L. sillarensis , in 1913 from

collections made by Herzog. In 1922, Schlechter published the first list of the

known species of Lepanthes from Bolivia, a meager four species: Reichenbach’s L.

paivana , his two of 1913, and an unidentified species erroneously attributed to the

Jamaican L. tridentata Sw. by Kranzlin. Schlechter omitted Draconanthes aber-

rans (Schltr.) Luer, originally published as Lepanthes aberrans in 1915.

The majority of the 67 species presently known from Bolivia were published

during the final quarter of the twentieth century, and fall into all three of the subsec¬

tions defined in section Lepanthes : Bilabiatae Luer with lateral sepals connate,

Breves Luer, with lateral sepals single-veined, and Lepanthes with lateral sepals

two- or three-veined. The Bolivian species present a different pattern of characteris¬

tics from those of Ecuador and Colombia. The 24 species of subsection Breves , a

surprisingly large number, comprise more than one-third of the known Bolivian

species as opposed to about one-tenth for Ecuador and Colombia. Thirteen species

of subsection Breves have plicate or involute lateral sepals, differing from those

with the usual flat or recurved margins. Plicate lateral sepals also appear in the

Bolivian L. incredibilis Luer & R.Vasquez, a species with two-veined lateral sepals.

A few species with plicate lateral sepals occur outside Bolivia, one being the

Ecuadorian L. hystrix Luer & Hirtz.

C. Breves

(a plicate variation)

Fig. 3. Lateral sepals of the three subsections.

D. Lepanthes

A detailed description and illustrations of the vegatative and floral morphology

of the genus have been published in Systematics of Lepanthes of Ecuador in leones

XIV. Several series defined in this earlier publication are reduced to synonymy

here. With the consideration of Lepanthes in several additional Andean countries, it

is evident that the features defining these series are distributed throughout the

genus, and maintaining these series is untenable.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Illustrations of species of Lepanthes attributed to Bolivia.

Names in boldface indicate an accepted name; names in italics are synonyms.

Fig. 1. Lepanthes acarina Luer

Fig. 2. Lepanthes altamiranoi Luer

Fig. 3. Lepanthes alticola C.Schweinf.

Fig. 4. Lepanthes auriculata Luer

Fig. 5. Lepanthes barbatula Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 6. Lepanthes bifalcis Luer

Fig. 7. Lepanthes branchifera Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 8. Lepanthes brevis Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 9. Lepanthes calyptrata Luer & Hirtz

Fig. 10. Lepanthes caudatisepala C.Schweinf.

Fig. 11. Lepanthes ciliolata Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 12. Lepanthes cochliops Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig, 13. Lepanthes complicata Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 14. Lepanthes crescentiformis Luer

Fig. 15a. Lepanthes crista-piscis Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 15b. Lepanthes crista-piscis Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 16. Lepanthes croatii Luer

Fig. 17. Lepanthes dictyota Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 18. Lepanthes doloma Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 19. Lepanthes echidna Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 20. Lepanthes epibator Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 21. Lepanthes falcata Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 22. Lepanthes fuchsii Luer

Fig. 23. Lepanthes garayi T. Hashim.

Fig. 24. Lepanthes glaberrima Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 25. Lepanthes hastata Luer & Hirtz

Fig. 26. Lepanthes helicocephala Rchb.f.

Fig. 27. Lepanthes herzogii Luer

Fig. 28. Lepanthes incisa Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 29. Lepanthes incredibilis Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 30. Lepanthes ionoptera Rchb.f.

Lepanthes ligulata Luer & Hirtz = L. sillarensis

Fig. 31. Lepanthes llipiensis Luer & Hirtz

Fig. 32. Lepanthes longipedicellata C.Schweinf.

Fig. 33. Lepanthes megalocephala Luer &

R.Vasquez

Fig. 34. Lepanthes megalostele Luer

Fig. 35. Lepanthes menatoi Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 36. Lepanthes microphallica Luer

Fig. 37. Lepanthes miraculum Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 38. Lepanthes monitor Luer

Fig. 39. Lepanthes monoptera Lindl.

Fig. 40. Lepanthes mucronata Lindl.

Fig. 41. Lepanthes nebulina Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 42. Lepanthes nycteris Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 43. Lepanthes orchestris Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 44. Lepanthes oxyphylla Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 45. Lepanthes paivana Rchb.f.

Fig. 46. Lepanthes panicellus Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 47. Lepanthes panisca Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 48. Lepanthes papilio Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 49. Lepanthes pileata Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 50. Lepanthes pilosa Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 51. Lepanthes profusa Luer & Hirtz

Fig. 52. Lepanthes ptyxis Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 53. Lepanthes puck Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 54. Lepanthes recurva Luer & Hirtz

Fig. 55. Lepanthes ringens Luer & Hirtz

Fig. 56. Lepanthes rupicola Schltr.

Fig. 57. Lepanthes schoonenii Luer

Fig. 58. Lepanthes scolops Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 59. Lepanthes serriola Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 60. Lepanthes sillarensis Schltr.

Fig. 61. Lepanthes usitata Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 62. Lepanthes vasquezii Luer

Fig. 63. Lepanthes versicolor Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 64. Lepanthes vespa Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 65. Lepanthes vogelii Luer & R.Vasquez

Fig. 66. Lepanthes wageneri Rchb.f.

Fig. 67. Lepanthes zongoensis Luer & R.Vasquez

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LEPANTHES IN BOLIVIA

KEY 1

Lepanthes Sw. subgen. Lepanthes sect. Lepanthes

A Lateral sepals 1-veined, completely connate into a 2-veined synsepal

(subsect. Bilabiatae Luer, represented in Bolivia by one species.L. bifalcis

A’ Lateral sepals not completely connate into a 2-veined synsepal

B Lateral sepals 1-veined (subsect. Breves ) KEY 2

B’ Lateral sepals 2- to 3-veined (subsect. Lepanthes) KEY 3

KEY 2

Lepanthes Sw. subgen. Lepanthes sect. Lepanthes subsect. Breves Luer

Lateral sepals single-veined

1 Lateral sepals with lateral margins plicate or involute, sometimes only

marginally

2 Lateral sepals deeply connate, apices approximate.L. pileata

2’ Lateral sepals not deeply connate, apices not approximate

3 Lateral sepals deeply plicate, about half the width; petals with upper lobe

transversely falcate.L. complicata

3’ Lateral sepals not deeply plicate; petals with upper lobe not transversely

falcate

4 Lip with lobes not forming blades

5 Lip with the lobes triangular.L. schoonenii

5’ Lip with the lobes falcate.L. falcata

4’ Lip with lobes forming blades

6 Lip with the blades long-pubescent.L. panisca

6’ Lip with the blades not long-pubescent

7 Lip with broad, rounded, protuberant body, with ovate blades not

surrounding the column

8 Lip with blades shorter than and not covering the column.L. rlngens

8’ Lip with blades as long as and covering the column.L. ptyxis

7’ Lip without a broad, rounded, protuberant body, the semicircular blades

surrounding the column.L. echidna

9 Lip with blades shorter than the column, with apices obtuse.L. scolops

9’ Lip with blades as long as the column, with apices acute to falcate

10 Lip with the apices acute, not curving beneath the column.L. ciliolata

10’ Lip with the apices falcate, curving beneath the column

11 Pedicels ca. 3 mm long; lateral sepals with apices diverging ca. 90°

from the perpendicular axis.L. longipedicellata

11’ Pedicels ca. 1.5 mm long; lateral sepals with apices diverging ca. 45°

from the perpendicular axis

12 Lateral sepals with both margins incurved, minutely pubescent

within.L. zongoensis

12’ Lateral sepals with only lateral margin incurved, glabrous

within..L. crista-piscis

1’ Lateral sepals with flat margins, neither plicate nor involute

13 Habit prolific...L. epibator

13’ Habit caespitose

14 Raceme loose, longer than the leaf

15 Dorsal sepal round, shortly acuminate, 3 mm long.L. fuchsii

15’ Dorsal sepal ovate, acuminate, 7 mm long.L. nebulina

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

14’ Raceme congested, shorter than the leaf

16 Inflorescence recurved

17 Lip with the apex of the blades uncinate, curved beneath the column.

.L. altamiranoi

17’ Lip with the apex of the blades rounded, not curved beneath the column....

.L. recurva

16’ Inflorescence not recurved

18 Dorsal sepal subacute, not acuminate; petals crescent-shaped.

.L. crescentiformis

18’ Dorsal sepal acuminate, acute to obtuse; petals not crescent-shaped

19 Petals with lobes triangular

20 Petals ca. 1 mm long and wide; lateral sepals caudate

...L. garayi

20’ Petals 3-4 mm wide; lateral sepals not caudate.L. monoptera

19’ Petals with lobes oblong, rounded at the ends

21 Lip with connectives narrow.L. paivana

21’ Lip with connectives broad

22 Lip with connectives fleshy, the blade indistinctly demarcated....

.. L. brevis

22’ Lip with connectives not fleshy, the blade distinctly demarcated...

.L. usitata

KEY 3

Lepanthes Sw. subgen. Lepanthes sect. Lepanthes subsect. Lepanthes

Lateral sepals 2- to 3-veined

1 Inflorescence exceeding the leaf

2 Sepals 1 cm or more long

3 Raceme loosely flowered

4 Dorsal sepal 7-veined, synsepal concave below the middle.L. nycteris

4’ Dorsal sepal 3-veined, synsepal not concave below the middle

5 Petals with upper lobe minute, the lower lobe longer than the lip

.L. miraculum

5’ Petals with upper lobe as large or larger than the lower lobe

6 Leaf ca. 1 cm wide, less than 3 cm long; dorsal sepal slightly concave,

3 mm wide.L. ionoptera

6’ Leaf ca. 2 cm wide, more than 3.5 cm long; dorsal sepal concave,

6 mm wide.L. vasquezii

3’ Raceme congested, eventually surpassing the leaf...L. versicolor

2’ Sepals less than 1 cm long

7 Dorsal sepal deeply concave, cucullate.L. branchifera

7’ Dorsal sepal not cucullate

8 Lateral sepals contracted into tails about as long as the blade

9 Habit prolific.L. herzogii

9’ Habit caespitose

10 Petals with lobes triangular, about equal in length; column capillary

.L. pilosa

10’ Petals with upper lobe uncinate, the lower lobe minute; column not

capillary.L. cochliops

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

8’ Lateral sepals acute to acuminate

11 Lateral sepals glabrous with margins smooth

12 Petals oblong with rounded tips; column longer than the blades

of the lip.L. sillarensis

12’ Petals with narrowly acuminate, recurving lobes; column not longer

than the lip.L. barbatula

11’ Lateral sepals ciliate or denticulate

13 Raceme densely flowered

14 Leaf less than 2 cm long; petals with upper lobe truncate, the lower

lobe triangular.L. acarina

14’ Leaf more than 2 cm long; petals oblong, rounded at the tips.

.L. serriola

13’ Raceme loosely flowered

15 Column elongate, longer than the blades of the lip.L. rupicola

15’ Column not longer than the blades of the lip

16 Column capillary.L. vespa

16’ Column not capillary.L. alticola

1’ Inflorescence shorter than the leaf

17 Sepals ciliate to denticulate

18 Lip with the blades ciliate

19 Leaf reticulate; petals with lobes narrowly triangular; lip with the blades

narrow, finely ciliate.L. megalocephala

19’ Leaf not reticulate; petals with lobes not narrowly triangular; lip with the

blades not narrow and finely ciliate

20 Lip with connectives oblong, longer than the blades, apical margin of

blades long-ciliate.L. doloma

20’ Lip not as above

21 Plant minute, less than 1.5 cm tall; lip with blades long-ciliate on

inner margin.L. incredibilis

21’ Plant large, taller than 10 cm tall; lip with blades elliptical, minutely

ciliate.L. profusa

18’ Lip with the blades glabrous

22 Leaf narrowly ovate, narrowly acute; lip with body very narrow

with sinus acute.L. oxyphylla

22’ Leaf elliptical-ovate, acute; lip with sinus obtuse, above the middle

23 Leaf acuminate; sepals remotely ciliate.L. orchestris

23’ Leaf not acuminate; sepals densely ciliate.L. serriola

17’ Sepals with margins smooth

24 Sepals more than 5 mm long

25 Leaf less than 6 mm wide.L. puck

25’ Leaf more than 15 mm wide

26 Lip with blades long-ciliate on inner margin.L. menatoi

26’ Lip with blades not long-ciliate on inner margin

27 Lip with blades thick, fleshy, with inner portion concave

28 Lateral sepals with tips diverging; petals with lower lobes oblong-

obovate.L. auriculata

28’ Lateral sepals with tips not diverging; petals with lower lobes small,

incurved.L. panicellus

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

27’ Lip with blades not thick, fleshy, concave

29 Dorsal sepal triangular, narrowly acute

30 Plant less than 10 cm tall; sepals less than 7 mm long; lip with blades

incomplete.L. helicocephala

30’ Plant more than 10 cm tall; sepals more than 10 mm long; lip with

blades complete

31 Petals with upper lobe triangular, acute.L. versicolor

31’ Petals with upper lobe broadly oblong, obliquely truncate.

.L. monitor

29’ Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse, shortly acuminate... L. caudatisepala

24’ Sepals less than 5 mm long

32 Lateral sepals deeply connate; petals with a slender, marginal process

...L. mucronata

32’ Lateral sepals not deeply connate; petals without a marginal process

33 Lateral sepals acute

34 Leaf ovate

35 Leaf more than 1.5 cm wide, acute, acuminate.L. dictyota

35’ Leaf less than 1.5 cm wide, neither acute nor acuminate

36 Leaf narrowly ovate, acute; lateral sepals 3-veined.L. hastata

36’ Leaf ovate, subacute; lateral sepals 2-veined.L. llipiensis

34’ Leaf elliptical

37 Lip with blades more less oblong with narrowly cuneate

connectives from base of column

38 Lip with blades shorter than the arcuate column.L. sillarensis

38’ Lip with blades not shorter than the column.L. microphallica

37’ Lip with blades not oblong with narrowly cuneate connectives

from base of column

39 Leaf less than 6 mm wide; petals with apex of upper lobe obliquely

acute.L. vogelii

39’ Leaf more than 10 mm wide; petals with apex of upper lobe narrowly

obtuse.L. croatii

33’ Lateral sepals obtuse

40 Lip with blades coarsely ciliate, long-ciliate at apex.L. megalostele

40’ Lip with blades glabrous or microscopically ciliate

41 Petals with lobes triangular, narrowly obtuse at the apex.L. incisa

41’ Petals with lobes suboblong to subtriangular

42 Leaf broadly ovate, obtuse.L. wageneri

42’ Leaf elliptical-ovate, acute

43 Leaf less than 8 mm wide.L. papilio

43’ Leaf more than 10 mm wide

44 Ramicaul less than 7 cm long; leaf less than 6 cm long; peduncle

less than 1 cm long.L. glaberrima

44’ Ramicaul more than 10 cm long; leaf more than 6 cm long;

peduncle 2-3 cm long.L. calyptrata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes acarina Luer, Phytologia 54: 326, 1983.

Ety.: From Acarina , the order of mites, in allusion to the little, red, prickly flowers.

Plant minute, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 10-35 mm long,

enclosed by 3-8 closely fitting, microscopically scabrous lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse, 7-10 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, the rounded base contracted into a

petiole ca. 1 mm long. Inflorescence a subdense, successively few- to several-flowered raceme 3-10

mm long, borne by a capillary peduncle up to 10 mm long, beyond the apex of the leaf; floral bracts

muricate, 1 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals yellow or red, minutely ser-

rulate-ciliate on the margins and external carinae, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate-triangular, subacute,

2- 2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals

ovate, oblique, acute, 2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide together, 2-veined, connate 1 mm; petals red,

microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong,

oblique, obtusely angled, subtruncate, the lower lobe smaller, narrowly oblong, subfalcate, obtuse; lip

red, bilaminate, the blades ovate, subacute, microscopically pubescent, 1 mm long, the connectives

cuneate, the body narrow, connate to the base of the column, the sinus obtuse with the appendix

bisegmented, pubescent, constricted above the middle with the apical portion deflexed, the basal por¬

tion concave; column stout, 1 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, Coroico to La Paz, alt. 2550 m, 27 Jan. 1983, C. Luer & R. Vasquez 8611

(MO).

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in forest along road between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1750

m, 15 January 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez , T. & D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12824 (MO); Carrasco,

Sehuencas, alt. 2100 m, 1993, P. Ibisch 93.0362 (MO); 13 Sept. 1993, P. Ibisch 93.0710 (MO); 15 Nov.

1993, P. Ibisch 93.1376 (MO); 15 Dec. 1993, P. Ibisch 93.1986, 93.1969 (MO); 4 Jan. 1994, P. Ibisch

94.0091 (MO); old road from Villa Tunari to Cochabamba, epiphytic in wet forest, alt. 1650 m, 30 Jan.

1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vdsquez & D. Ric 18331 (MO).

Also Ecuador (Pichincha, type: C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4399: SEL; Carchi, Imbabura, Napo, Pastaza,

Morona-Santiago, Loja, Zamora-Chinchipe); Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Narino); and Peru (Huanuco).

Although uncommonly seen in herbaria, this tiny species is one of the most

common in the genus in the Andes; it is usually overlooked or ignored because of

its diminutive size. It usually grows on mossy twigs, often in association with other

small pleurothallids. Lepanthes acarina is easily recognized by the tiny size with

the minute, spiculate flowers borne in a subcongested raceme beyond the apex of

the leaf. Frequently, racemes will also be found bearing fruit.

Lepanthes altamiranoi Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Saul Altamirano, co-collector of this species.

Species haec Lepanthidis crista-piscibus Luer similis, sed habitu minore folio anguste ovato acuto,

racemo brevo recurvo, sepalis lateralibus non-plicatis differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2.5-4 cm long, enclosed

by 4-5 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ovate, acute, 2-3 cm long,

4-5 mm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, recurved, successively

3- to 4-flowered raceme, up to 1 cm long, including the peduncle ca. 3 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long;

pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals with color unknown, ovate, acute, shortly acuminate,

minutely denticulate, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 3 mm long, 2

mm wide, 1-veined, connate less than 1 mm; petals transversely bilobed, 0.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,

microscopically pubescent, the upper lobe oblong with the tip rounded, 1.25 mm long, the lower lobe

narrowly triangular, 0.75 mm long; lip minutely pubescent, the blades oblong, 1.75 mm long, with

obtuse tips incurved beneath the apex of the column, the connectives broadly cuneate, connate to the

column above the base, the appendix a microscopic lobule, pubescent; column 1.5 mm long, the anther

and stigma apical.

Cochabama: Arani, mesobosque montano humedo, localidad El Limbo, alt. 2180 m, 12 June 2003, S.

Altamirano, E. Zurita, T. Camacho, M. Aliaga & A. Lacaze 871 (Holotype of L. altamiranoi: MO), C.

Luer illustr. 21489.

This species, known from a single collection in central Bolivia, is characterized

by a small, narrowly ovate, acute leaf, and a short, recurved, few-flowered raceme.

The sepals are ovate, acute, acuminate and denticulate; the petals are transversely

bilobed with the upper lobe oblong and the lower lobe triangular; the apices of the

blades of the lip curve beneath the column; and the appendix is microscopic.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes alticola C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 121, 1942.

Ety.: From the Latin alticola , "dweller of high places," referring to the habitat.

Syn.: Lepanthes dipteryx Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 2: 96, 1987.

Ety.: From the Greek dipteryx , "two-winged," referring to the lobes of the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-25 mm long,

enclosed by 3-4 shortly ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute,

12-24 mm long including a petiole 2-8 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the pe¬

tiole. Inflorescence a loose, flexuous, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme up to 8 cm long

including the slender, filiform peduncle 1-2 cm long; floral bracts 1.75-2 mm long, muriculate; pedicels

2.5-3 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellow to tan, ovate, acute, long-acuminate, carinate, the dorsal

sepal glabrous, 7 mm long, 2.6 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.25 mm, the lateral

sepals oblique, minutely denticulate, 7.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 2 mm; petals yellow,

suffused with red medially, glandular-cellular, transversely bilobed, 1.25 mm long, 5.25 mm wide, the

lobes obliquely triangular, acute, attenuate, the upper lobe larger; lip red or yellow, bilobed, the lobes

thick, subovate, acute, minutely ciliate, 2 mm long, with a shallow channel externally demarcating a

narrow, poorly defined blade from the rest of the lobe, the lobes connate to the column near the middle

without forming a body except for a minute, apiculate appendix on the undersurface of the column;

column 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in forest along road between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2800

m, 18 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, T. Mulder, D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12873 (MO); Chapare,

epiphytic in humid forest northeast of Cochabamba toward Villa Tunari, alt. 2900 m, 14 Nov. 1992, C.

Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague 16410 (MO).

Also Peru (Huanuco, type of L. alticola : Macbride 4461, F); Ecuador (Azuay, type of L. dipteryx : C.

Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9523 : MO; Loja, Zamora-Chinchipe).

This fioriferous little species is widely distributed and locally abundant in the

high Andes from southern Ecuador into Bolivia. Flexuous racemes far surpass the

small, elliptical leaves. The sepals are denticulate and caudate. The lobes of the

petals are triangular. The lip is most distinctive, with the lobes that are not well

developed into blades and connectives. The lobes arise directly from the mid-shaft

of the column, but labellar tissue between them forms a tiny, triangular appendix

borne along the undersurface of the column.

Lepanthes auriculata Luer, Phytologia 54: 330, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin auriculatus, "like an ear," in reference to the blades of the lip.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, slender to stout, 8-30 cm tall, en¬

closed by 10-16 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, elliptical, acute,

long-acuminate, 5-13 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide, minutely ciliate along the veins beneath, the rounded

base contracted into a petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflorescence a dense, successively many-flowered raceme

up to 20 mm long, borne by a filiform peduncle 25-50 mm long behind the leaf; floral bracts 1.5 mm

long; pedicels 1.25 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm long, narrowly winged; sepals yellow, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal triangular, acute, acuminate, 9 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral

sepals for 1.5 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 9 mm long, 4 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 3 mm,

the apices acute, acuminate, diverging; petals yellow, suffused with purple, transversely bilobed, 1.25

mm long, 5 mm wide, the upper lobe cuneate with the apex subtruncate-rounded, the lower lobe simi¬

lar but smaller and narrower; lip yellow, edged in purple, bilaminate, the blades thick, elliptical, longi¬

tudinally concave, 2 mm long, the apices narrowly rounded, the bases rounded, the connectives broad,

short, oblique, the body broad, protruding and rounded, connate to the column above the base, the

appendix short, oblong, pubescent; column 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, new road from Villa Tunari to Cochabamba, epiphytic in wet forest, alt. 1750

m, 31 Jan. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vasquez & D. Ric 18358 (MO).

Also Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe, type: D. D’Alessandro 164: SEL; Napo, Morona-Santiago, Loja); and

Colombia (Valle del Cauca).

This large species is relatively frequent in southeastern Ecuador and recorded

less frequently from both Colombia and Bolivia. Lepanthes auriculata is similar to

several other species sharing a large size and mostly yellow flowers, e.g., the

Ecuadorian Lepanthes ballatrix Luer and L. craticia Luer, but L. auriculata is easily

distinguished by the concave, earlike blades of the lip. The connectives and body

are thick, with the oblong, pubescent appendix in contact with the stigma.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes barbatula Luer & R. Vasquez, Lindleyana 7: 100, 1992.

Ety.: From the Latin barbatulus , "barbels," referring to the appearance of the filiform lobes of

the petals.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 7-13 mm long,

enclosed by 3-4 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical to circular, obtuse,

7-10 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, with the rounded base contracted into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a

loose, distichous, flexuous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 3 cm long including the slender

peduncle 5-13 mm long; floral bracts 0.5-1 mm long, muriculate; pedicels 0.5- 0.75 mm long; ovary 0.75

mm long; sepals carinate, entire, ovate, acute, acuminate, the dorsal sepal 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals diverging, oblique, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm

wide, 3-veined, connate 1.5 mm; petals microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.5 mm long at

the base, 6 mm wide, the lobes filiform, arcuate, the upper lobe 2.5 mm long, the lower lobe 3.5 mm

long; lip bilaminate, the blades cellular-pubescent, narrowly elliptical, flat, with rounded ends, minutely

ciliate at the apices, 1.75 mm long, the connectives cuneate with a narrow body, connate to the base of

the column, the appendix narrowly linear, ciliate; column stout, 1.5 mm long, with the anther dorsal and

the stigma ventral.

Santa Cruz: Caballero, north of Comarapa, alt. 2380 m, 2 Nov. 1990, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & A. Burela

1277 (Holotype: MO; Isotype: Herb. Vasquezianum), C. Luer illustr. 15534; Manuel Maria Caballero,

alt. 2400 m, date unknown, R. Vasquez & D. Ric 2540 (MO).

This little species is easily distinguished from all others in the genus by its

loose, flexuous raceme longer than the subcircular leaves; acuminate, diverging

sepals, with the lateral sepals three-veined; bilobed petals with the lobes filiform

and curving outward; and a lip with narrowly elliptical blades formed by the flat mar¬

gins of cuneate connectives, with a narrow, ciliate appendix. The Colombian

Lepanthes antennifera Luer & R. Escobar and the Ecuadorian L. meniscophora

Luer & Hirtz share similar, narrow petals with everted apices, but in these a con¬

gested raceme shorter than the leaf bears flowers with denticulate, two-veined later¬

al sepals.

Lepanthes bifalcis Luer, Phytologia 54: 332, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin bifalcis, "two sickles," in reference to the forked petals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, suberect, 3-8 cm long, enclosed

by 6-8 minutely scabrous lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf suberect, thinly coriaceous, narrowly ovate, acu¬

minate, acute, 25-40 mm long, 7-11 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 3-4 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a weak, subdensely successively flowered raceme up to 25 mm long including the capillary

peduncle, along the back of the leaf; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm

long; sepals light yellow, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, subacute, convex, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,

3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate lamina 2.3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 2-veined, the subacute

apex minutely bifid; petals dark yellow, transversely bilobed, forked, 0.5 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, the

lobes equal, falcate, narrowly obtuse; lip orange, minutely ciliate, obcordate or obovate, 0.75 mm long,

0.75 mm wide, incised at the apex into two rounded lobes, the base cuneate, claw-like, connate to the

base of the column; column 0.8 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma subapical.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest east of the pass near Chuspipata, alt. 2800 m, 27 Aug.

1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, L. Moreno, A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro & W. Teague 15365 (MO).

Also Ecuador (Napo, type: C. Luer & A. Hirtz 6864 , SEL; Esmeraldas, Imbabura, Pastaza, Morona-

Santiago).

Lepanthes bifalcis occurs frequently on the eastern slopes of the Andes of cen¬

tral Ecuador, with one collection known in northwestern Ecuador, and this distant

collection in the Yungas of Bolivia. It is distinguished by the small flowers with a

two-veined synsepal similar to the dorsal sepal; bilobed petals with the lobes sickle¬

shaped, emerging beyond an unguiculate base; and an obcordate or obovate, bilobed

lip without an appendix, attached with a claw to the base of the column. This is the

only member of subsection Bilabiatae known to occur in Bolivia. Lepanthes bifal¬

cis is distinguished from its two close Ecuadorian allies, L. columbar Luer and L.

homotaxis Luer, by the smaller, non-cordate blade of a bilobed lip.

12 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes branchifera Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 333, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin branchiae , "gills of a fish," and : fer , "bearing," referring to the appearance of

the lower lobes of the petals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2.5-4.5 cm long, enclosed

by 5-6 long-ciliate lepanthiform sheaths with markedly dilated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly

elliptical, obtuse, 12-15 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into the petiole 2-3 mm long.

Inflorescence a weak, lightly flexuous, successively flowered raceme up to 5 cm long including the

filiform peduncle 1-2.5 cm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1.25 mm long; ovary 1.25 mm long;

sepals with dorsal sepal peach colored, ovate, acute, shortly acuminate, deeply concave, 4 mm long, 2

mm wide unspread, the carinae and the narrowly everted margins lightly erose, 3-veined, connate to the

lateral sepals for 1 mm, lateral sepals yellow, suffused with red centrally, completely connate into a

cymbiform, ovate, acute lamina 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide unexpanded, the carinae and margins similar¬

ly narrowly revolute and lightly erose, each 2-veined; petals yellow, transversely bilobed, 1 mm long, 4

mm wide, connate to the column between the basal and middle thirds, the upper lobe setiform, the lower

lobe much larger, narrowly triangular, attenuate, long-ciliate along the inner margin; lip bright rose, the

blades thin, translucent, glabrous, narrowly oblong, 1.25 mm long, the ends obtuse, the connectives

cuneate, connate to the column between the distal and middle thirds, the appendix a membranous triangle

in the sinus; column very slender, 2 mm long, minutely pubescent, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1950 m,

26 Nov. 1978, C. Luer, F. Fuchs et al. 3506 (Holotype: SEL).

This unusual species can be mistaken for no other species of Lepanthes. A

deeply concave dorsal sepal and synsepal gape to expose long-ciliate petals, the

lower lobes hanging to either side of the lip like gills, with the narrow, pointed

upper lobes crisscrossing above the column. Both the petals and the lip are connect¬

ed to the very long, slender shaft of the column well above the base.

Lepanthes brevis Luer & R.Vasquez, Lindleyana 6: 64, 1991.

Ety: From the Latin brevis , "short," referring to the short, distantly flowered racemes.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3.5-6

cm long, enclosed by 5-8 lepanthiform sheaths with dilated, ciliated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, purple,

ovate, acute, 2-3.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, with the rounded base contracted into a petiole 2-3 mm long.

Inflorescence a loose, successively 3- to 4-flowered raceme up to 7 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a

peduncle 5-7 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellow,

entire, ovate, acute, acuminate, carinate, with the dorsal sepal 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate to the lateral sepals for 0.75 mm, with the lateral sepals oblique, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-

veined, connate 1.5 mm; petals orange, suffused with purple at the tips of the lobes, microscopically

pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.75 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, with the lobes oblong with rounded ends,

with the upper lobe larger; lip red-purple, microscopically pubescent, bilaminate, with the blades oblong,

flat with the apices narrowly rounded, 1.5 mm long, with the connectives thick, broadly cuneate, with the

body thick, broad, connate to the base of the column, with the sinus obtuse with the appendix arising

from the anterior surface, oblong, recurving; column 1.5 mm long, with the anther dorsal and the stigma

ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2800 m, 18 Jan.

1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, T. &D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12876 (Holotype: MO).

This species is not remarkably distinct from many others, but it is distinguished

by a combination of not uncommon features: short, distantly few-flowered racemes;

acute, acuminate and entire sepals, the lateral sepals one-veined; oblong petals; and

a lip unremarkable except that the connectives and body are thick, with the appen¬

dix protruding from the anterior surface of the body.

Lepanthes calyptrata Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 7: 103, 1992.

Ety.: From the Greek kalyptos , "covered," referring to the position of the blades over the column.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls very slender, suberect,

12-18 cm long, enclosed by 10-17 glabrous to microscopically ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly ovate, acute, acuminate, 5.5-6.5 cm long, 1.2-1.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into a

petiole 2 mm long. Inflorescence a very congested, secund, successively several-flowered raceme up to

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

5 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 20-30 mm long; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm long;

pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals translucent orange-brown, carinate, the dorsal sepal

transversely ovate, obtuse, 4 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 mm,

with the margins sparsely microscopically subdenticulate, the lateral sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, ob¬

lique, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 1.5 mm, with the lateral margins minutely ciliate;

petals orange-brown, transversely bilobed, 1.6 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the upper lobe microscopically

pubescent, oblong, truncate, the lower lobe long-pubescent, triangular, obtuse; lip bilaminate, the lami¬

nae orange-brown, glabrous, oblong, with the ends rounded, completely covering the column, 1.7 mm

long, the connectives broad, very short, the body broad, thick, pubescent, connate to the base of the

column, the sinus rounded and cleft with an oblong, long-pubescent appendix; column stout, 1.5 mm

long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Larecaja, southwest of Tipuani, epiphytic in forest remnant above Santa Barbara, Alto Llipi, alt.

1350 m, 30 Aug. 1991, collected by A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro & W. Teague, C. Luer 15385 (Holotype: MO).

This species is characterized by long, thin, weak ramicauls and narrowly

ovate, acuminate leaves longer than the congested, long-pedunculate inflores¬

cence. The sepals are broadly ovate and obtuse; the transversely bilobed petals

are large with the upper lobe truncate and the lower lobe long-pubescent. The

thin blades of the lip are held over the large column and conceal it, in a manner

shared with many other species from Ecuador and Colombia. The blades are not

easily spread because the broad connectives are very short. The body is thick

with a cleft sinus and an oblong, pubescent appendix.

Lepanthes caudatisepala C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 123, 1942.

Ety.: From the Latin caudatisepalus, "with caudate sepals," referring to the shortly acuminate, tail¬

like sepals.

Plant large, epiphytic, shortly ascending, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 10-

40 cm long, enclosed by 10-14 glabrous, closely fitting lepanthiform sheaths, microscopically ciliate

on the margins of the upper ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, acute, lightly acuminate, 7-12

cm long, 2-5 cm wide, the base rounded or broadly cuneate, contracted into a petiole 3-6 mm long.

Inflorescence racemose, successively many-flowered, lax below to congested above, up to 5 cm long

including the peduncle 1.5-2 cm long, borne behind the leaf; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 3 mm

long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals pale yellow, glabrous, carinate, ovate-triangular, acute, slightly acu¬

minate, the dorsal sepal 6-7 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5-2 mm,

the lateral sepals oblique, 6.5-7 mm long, 3 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 1.5-2.5 mm; petals yellow with

red inner margin, glabrous, transversely bilobed, 1-1.5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, narrowed between the

lobes, the lobes subequal, the upper lobe broadly ovate, the lower lobe oblong, narrower, with the ends

rounded; lip bilaminate, the lamina red-purple, elliptical, 2.25 mm long, glabrous, the rounded apices

ciliate, the connectives shortly cuneate, the body broad, connate to the base of the column, the sinus

obtuse, with a minute, biglandular appendix; column 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in humid forest northeast of Cochabamba toward Villa Tunari, alt.

2800 m, 14 Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J . Luer, R. Vdsquez, D. Ric & W. Teague 16414 (MO).

Also Peru (Cuzco, type: Macbride 4273 , F; Huanuco); Colombia (Narino); and Ecuador (Carchi, Azuay,

Sucumbios, Zamora-Chinchipe).

This large, robust species is widely distributed in moist forests at altitudes

around 3000 meters above sea level from southern Colombia into Bolivia. It is

identified by tall, stout ramicauls clad in essentially glabrous, non-dilated lepanthi¬

form sheaths; elliptical-ovate, acuminate leaves; short inflorescences laxly flowered

below, becoming congested above; glabrous to denticulate, broad but acuminate

sepals; glabrous, bilobed petals with a constriction near the middle; and a lip with

elliptical blades, ciliate at the apex, with a minute, biglandular appendix.

Lepanthes caudatisepala is similar to L. profusa Luer & Hirtz, but they are

sufficiently distinct and stable to retain as separate species. Both are known from

Cochabamba, Bolivia. The flowers of L. caudatisepala have entire sepals and a lip

with flat blades, while those of L. profusa have denticulate sepals and a lip with the

blades sloping at the middle. The pedicels of L. caudatisepala are approximately

twice as long as the subtending bracts; those of L. profusa are about the same length

as the bracts.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes ciliolata Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 334, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin ciliolatus, "minutely ciliate," referring to the sepals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2.5-5 cm long, enclosed

by 6-7 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 15-24 mm long

including the petiole 2 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a succes¬

sive, subdense, flexuous, several-flowered raceme up to 15 mm long including the short, filiform pedun¬

cle; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 0.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals purple- brown, ovate,

acute, shortly acuminate, carinate, ciliate-pubescent near the margins, the dorsal sepal 4.5 mm long, 2.5

mm wide, 3-veined, connate nearly 1 mm to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals connate 1.5 mm, 5.25

mm long, 3.5 mm wide together, each 1-veined, the lateral margins narrowly incurved; petals yellow

with brown margins, microscopically cellular-pubescent, transversely oblong, 1 mm long, 2.75 mm wide,

the lobes oblong with rounded ends, the lower lobe slightly smaller; lip red-brown, microscopically

pubescent, the blades oblong, 2 mm long, subacute at the apices, rounded at the bases, the connectives

broadly cuneate, connate to the column above the base, the appendix minute, bilobulate; column 2 mm

long, the anther dorsal, the stigma subapical.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2500 m, 4

Feb. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & E. Besse 8684 (Holotype: SEL).

With very narrowly incurved margins of single-veined lateral sepals, this species

is related to Lepanthes complicata Luer. Instead of coarsely toothed sepaline

margins, the margins are finely ciliate. Otherwise, this species is distinct with a

minute, bilobulate appendix.

Lepanthes cochliops Luer & R.Vasquez, Lindleyana 6: 68, 1991.

Ety.: From the Greek cochliops , "snail eyes," referring to the appearance of the petals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 10-16 mm long, enclosed

by 4-5 microscopically ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, purple beneath, elliptical,

subacute, 10-13 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, with the base cuneate into a petiole 1.5-2 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a loose, distichous, weak, successively several-flowered raceme up to 9 cm long including the

slender peduncle ca. 1.5 cm long; floral bracts muriculate, 1-1.25 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary

0.75 mm long; sepals rose-brown, ovate, acute, caudate, denticulate, carinate-spiculate, with the blade of

the dorsal sepal 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, with the tail

3 mm long, with the lateral sepals oblique, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 2.5 mm, with

the tails 3.5 mm long; petals yellow with the apex purple, pubescent, obliquely ovate, acute, erect, 1 mm

long, 0.5 mm wide, acuminate and recurved above the middle, with the base rounded with a small,

obtuse, basal angle; lip red, pubescent, bilobed, with the lobes subrhomboid, acute, embracing the

column, with the lower margins irregular, 1.5 mm long, forming a broad body connate to the column

near the middle, with the sinus obtuse, with the appendix a short, broad triangle; column 1.5 mm long,

with the anther dorsal and the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Carasco, Sehuencas, epiphytic in forest along Rio Lope Mendoza, alt. 2450 m, 13 Jan.

1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, T. & D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12810 (Holotype: MO); Carrasco,

Sehuencas, alt. 2100 m, 12 June 1993, P. Ibisch 93.0413 (MO); same area, 15 Nov. 1993, P. Ibisch

93.1324 (MO); same area, 2 Dec. 1993, P. Ibisch 93.1698 (MO); same area, 14 Dec. 1993, P. Ibisch

93.1865 (MO); same area, 5 Jan. 1994, P. Ibisch 94.0202 (MO); epiphytic in forest south of Siberia, alt.

2550 m, 5 Feb. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vdsquez & D. Ric 18402 (MO).

This little species is distinguished by a long, weak, loosely-flowered raceme of

spiculate, long-tailed flowers with unique petals. Instead of being transversely

bilobed, the petals stand erect as if one-lobed, with the narrow apex recurved. In

reality, the petals are obscurely bilobed, consisting almost entirely of the protruding

upper lobe, the lower lobe remaining as an obtuse angle at the base. Equally dis¬

tinctive are multiangled lobes of the lip with a narrow, recurved apex that resembles

the upper lobe of the petals.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes complicata Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 334, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin complicatus, "folded together," referring to the sides of the lateral sepals.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls relatively stout, erect, 3-7 cm

long, enclosed by 5-8 long-ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, shortly

acuminate, 3-4 cm long, 1.5-1.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into a 2 mm long petiole. Inflorescence a

dense, distichous, successively flowered raceme up to 15 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform

peduncle up to 10 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long, lightly verrucose; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary

1.25 mm long; sepals translucent light yellow, suffused with purple along the veins, with margins and

carinate veins laciniate, triangular with short, thickened, acuminate apices, the dorsal sepal 5.5 mm long,

4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 mm, the lateral sepals with the lateral half to

one-third sharply folded over onto the anterior surface, 5.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide unexpanded, 1-

veined, connate 1 mm; petals lemon yellow, essentially glabrous, at most microscopically pubescent,

transversely bilobed, 1.5 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, the upper lobe transversely falcate, obtuse, the lower

lobe obliquely triangular; lip dull white with a purple stripe, at most microscopically pubescent, the

blades narrowly oblong, 2.1 mm long, the ends rounded, the apex narrowly incurved, the connectives

short, broadly cuneate, connate to the column near the middle, the sinus protuberant and rounded, with a

minute, round appendix; column 2.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m, 26

Nov. 1978, C. Luer, F. Fuchs et al. 3531 (Holotype: SEL); new road from Villa Tunari to Cochabamba,

epiphytic in wet forest, alt. 1520 m, 31 Jan. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vasquez & D. Ric

18341 (MO).

La Paz: Nor Yungas, epiphytic in forest north of Caranavi toward Alto Beni, alt. 1550 m, 26 Jan. 1988,

C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, J . Solomon, T. Mulder 12940, 12949 (MO); Nor Yungas, epiphytic in forest

northeast of Caranavi, alt. 1300 m, 31 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, L. Moreno, A. Hirtz, J .

del Hierro & W. Teague 15392 (MO).

This species is remarkable for deeply plicate, lateral sepals. The lateral thirds,

or nearly the lateral halves, are folded inward onto the surface of the medial halves.

A laciniate, ribbed lamella becomes the lateral margin of the blade, while the true

outer margin lies folded inward, nearly reaching the inner margin. Other species,

almost all from Bolivia, also exhibit this characteristic but to a lesser degree.

Lepanthes crescentiformis Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin crescentiform , "crescent-shaped," in allusion to the petals.

Species haec Lepanthidis minutipetalae C.Schweinf. similis, sed ramicaulibus brevioribus, sepalis

acutis non breviter acuminatis, et petalis late crescentiformibus differt.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-10

cm long, enclosed by 8-11 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ovate, acute, 2.5-4 cm

long, 8-13 mm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence 1-2 loose, slightly flexu-

ous, successively flowered racemes up to 18 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a slender peduncle 5 mm

long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels ca. 1 mm long; ovary 1.25-2 mm long; sepals light yellow, entire,

microscopically pubescent, the dorsal sepal triangular, acute, 4.5-5 mm long, 3.4 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate to the lateral sepals for ca. 1 mm, the lateral sepals elliptical, oblique, acute, 4.5-5 mm long, 1.75

mm wide, 1-veined, connate 1.5 mm; petals dark red, short-pubescent, transversely bilobed, minutely

apiculate between the lobes, 1 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 1-veined, the lobes nearly equal, broadly cres¬

cent-shaped, incurved, rounded at the tips, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip dark red, minutely pubescent,

bilaminate, the blades oblong, with rounded ends, ca. 1.5 mm long, with the connectives broadly cuneate,

from the middle, the body broad, connate to the column at the base, the appendix oblong, ciliate, with a

terminal, ciliate gland; column 2 mm long, with the anther apical and the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, road to Villa Tunari, alt. 2500 m, 4 Feb. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez

8688 (Holotype of L. crescentiformis : SEL); same area, alt. 2900 m, 22 Jan. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.

Vasquez 4886 (SEL).

This species from central Bolivia is apparently related to Lepanthes minutipetala

C.Schweinf. from an altitude 1000 meters higher in central Peru. The ramicauls of

both species are slender, but those of L. minutipetala are about six times longer than

the leaves. The flowers are superficially similar, but the petals are distinctive.

Those of L. minutipetala are transversely oblong, but no dimensions are given, nor

is pubescence either mentioned or illustrated. Those of L. crescentiformis are reni-

form and densely short-pubescent with the ends of the lobes rounded and incurved.

16 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes crista-piscis Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 337, 1983.

Ety. From the Latin crista piscis , "crest of a fish," in reference to the crests along the margins of

the lateral sepals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 10-35 mm long, enclosed

by 4-6 shortly ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused with purple beneath, ellipti¬

cal, subacute, 14-22 mm long including the 2 mm long petiole, 6-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into the

petiole. Inflorescence a subdense, distichous, successively flowered raceme up to 7 mm long, borne

behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle up to 6 mm long; floral bracts 0.75-1 mm long, verrucose; pedicels

1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1.75 mm long; sepals crested, with the dorsal sepal purple, slightly spiculate

externally, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex acute, acuminate to caudate, lateral sepals yellow,

spiculate externally especially along the veins, with a membranous crest along the narrowly plicate later¬

al margins, oblique, concave, glabrous within, connate 1 mm, 3.75 mm long, 2.5 mm wide together

unexpanded, the apices acute, acuminate to caudate, each 1-veined; petals transversely oblong, the

apices rounded, microscopically pubescent, 0.5 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, the upper lobe purple, the lower

lobes shorter, yellow-orange; lip yellow-orange, microscopically pubescent, the blades oblong with

uncinate apices incurved beneath the apex of the column, the connectives broadly cuneate, connate to the

column above the base, the appendix a microscopic lobule, pubescent: column 1.5 mm long, the anther

and stigma apical.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest east of Unduavi, alt. 2400 m, 22 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Vasquez & E. Besse 8548 (Holotype: SEL); Nor Yungas, west of Coroico, alt. 2550 m, 27 Jan

1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 8608 (MO); Nor Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest west of Coroico,

alt. 2550 m, 27 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez & E. Besse 8612 (SEL); Nor Yungas, collected

Aug. 1991, flowered in cultivation in Quito, Ecuador, A. Hirtz 5657 (MO).

Cochabama: Arani, mesobosque montano humedo, localidad El Limbo, alt. 2180 m, 12 June 2003, S.

Altamirano, E. Zurita, T. Camacho, M. Aliaga & A. Lacaze JA871 (MO).

By virtue of the plicate margins of its lateral sepals a relative of Lepanthes

complicata Luer, this species is most remarkable for the finlike, laciniate membrane

running the length of the margins of the lateral sepals. The tips of the sepals of L.

crista-piscis vary from acuminate (Fig. 15a.) to caudate (Fig. 15b.), The petals are

simply transversely oblong, while the uncinate tips of the lip curve under the end of

the column.

Lepanthes croatii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Thomas C. Croat, of the Missouri Botanical Garden, collector of this species.

Species haec Lepanthidis crista-piscibus Luer similis, sed habitu minore folio ovato acuto, racemo

brevissimo recurvo et sepalis lateralibus non-plicatis differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-6 cm long, enclosed by

4-6 microscopically ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 3-4 cm long,

1-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence 2-3 erect, congested, curved,

successively many-flowered racemes, up to 4 cm long, including the peduncle ca. 20 mm long; floral

bracts 1 mm long, denticulate; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 0.75-1 mm long; sepals with color unknown,

ovate, acute, entire, the dorsal sepal 3.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 4 mm long, 2

mm wide, 2-veined, connate less than 1 mm; petals transversely bilobed, oblong, 1 mm long, 4 mm

wide, glabrous, the upper lobe oblong with the tip rounded, 2 mm long, the lower lobe narrowly triangu¬

lar, narrowly obtuse, 1.5 mm long; lip glabrous, the blades elliptical, 1.5 mm long, with narrowly obtuse

ends, the connectives narrow from the center of the blade, connate to the column above the base, the

appendix oblong, ciliate, 0.5 mm long, with a round, concave, terminal lobule; column 1.5 mm long, the

anther and stigma apical.

Cochabama: between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, near Hotel Caballeros, altitude not given, 21 Nov.

1980, T. Croat 51334 (Holotype of L. croatii : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21488.

This species is known from a single collection in lowland, central Bolivia. It is

characterized by a congested raceme borne by a peduncle about half the length of an

elliptical leaf. The sepals are ovate, acute and entire; the petals are transversely

oblong and glabrous; the blades of the lip are elliptical and also glabrous, but a

comparatively large, oblong appendix is ciliate.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes dictyota Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 340, 1983.

Ety.: From from the Greek diktyotos , "reticulated," referring to the purple-netted veins.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, hori¬

zontal to pendent, 4-8 cm long, enclosed by 8-10 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths with thin, dilated

ostia. Leaf erect with the stem, thinly coriaceous, with purple reticulations on both surfaces, suffused

with purple beneath, ovate, acute, acuminate, 4-5.5 cm long including the 2-4 mm long petiole, 1.6-2.1

cm wide, the rounded base contracted into the petiole. Inflorescence a subdense, distichous, flexuous,

successively flowered raceme up to 20 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 9-11 mm

long; floral bracts 1.5-2 mm long, echinate; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long, crested; sepals

yellow, suffused with purple centrally, the veins and margins minutely denticulate, the dorsal sepal

broadly ovate, obtuse, 3.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the

lateral sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, connate 1 mm, 3.5 mm long, 3.25 mm wide together, each

2-veined; petals red-orange, minutely pubescent, transversely oblong, 1 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the ends

rounded; lip yellow, suffused with red-orange, glabrous, the blades narrowly oblong, 1.75 mm long, the

ends rounded, the connectives short, cuneate, connate to the column above the base, the appendix li-

gulate, hinged at the acute sinus, pubescent, with a brushlike apical segment; column 2 mm long, the

anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Charasco, epiphytic in cloud forest below Monte Puncu along Rio Lope Mendoza, alt.

2400 m, 1 Feb. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5820 (Holotype: SEL); Chapare, alt. 1200 m, 16

Apr. 1982, R. Vasquez 664 (MO).

La Paz: Nor Yungas, epiphytic in forest between Caranavi and Bella Vista, alt. 1300 m, collected in

Aug. 1991 by A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro & W. Teague, flowered in cultivation in Quito, Ecuador, Dec. 1991,

A. Hirtz 5575 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 16201.

This handsome species, apparently endemic in central Bolivia, is recognized by

purple-reticulated, ovate, acuminate leaves and shorter, flexuous inflorescences.

The sepals are yellow and suffused with purple, making the dorsal sepal purple with

a yellow margin. The petals are simply transversely oblong. The blades of the lip

are narrowly oblong, and the appendix is pubescent with a terminal, intricate

segment.

Lepanthes doloma Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 341, 1983.

Ety: From the Greek doloma , "a bait, a decoy," referring to the probable role of the appendix.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-9 cm long,

enclosed by 5-8 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused with purple beneath, ovate,

acute, lightly acuminate, apiculate, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 1-1.7 cm wide, the broadly cuneate base contracted

into a 2 mm long petiole. Inflorescence racemose, several congested, distichous, successively flowered

racemes up to 12 mm long, borne behind the leaf by filiform peduncles 8-15 mm long; floral bracts 1.25

mm long, sparsely ciliate; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long, sparsely papillose; sepals translucent

orange or rose, broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, carinate, the carinae and margins conspicuously den¬

ticulate, the dorsal sepal 5 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 mm, the lateral

sepals connate 2.5 mm, 5 mm long, 5 mm wide together; petals orange, edged in red-orange, microscop¬

ically pubescent, transversely oblong, 1.4 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, the upper lobe obtuse, the lower lobe

acute, smaller; lip bright rose, edged in orange, the blades broadly oblong, 1.25 mm long, slightly con¬

cave with rounded ends, the anterior margins long-ciliate, otherwise microscopically pubescent, the

connectives long, oblong, elevating the blades above the column, connate to the base of the column, the

appendix large, straplike, concave at the attachment to the sinus, convex and ciliate above with an apical

lobule; column 1 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest along the road to Tablas, alt. 2500 m, 9 Feb. 1980, C.

Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5171 (Holotype: SEL); between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m,

26 Nov. 1978, C. Luer, F. Fuchs et al. 3534 (SEL); east of Cochabamba, 2500 m, collected by William

Cullina, July, 1994, flowered in cultivation at J&L Orchids, Easton, Connecticut, 19 June 1999, C. Luer

19188 (MO).

Lepanthes doloma , apparently endemic in central Bolivia, had been considered

to be a synonym of L. intonsa Luer of Ecuador. Although similar, L. doloma is

distinguished by densely ciliate sepals as opposed to minutely ciliate sepals, and the

margin of the petals is only shallowly indented between the lobes as opposed to

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

deeply incised as in L. intonsa. The blades of the lip of both species are long-ciliate

at the apex, and borne by long connectives. The appendix of both species is propor¬

tionately large and ciliate. Another similar species is L. jubata Luer of Ecuador

with denticulate sepals, but with unindented petals, blades of the lip with lateral

margins long-ciliate as well, and with a minute, bilobulate appendix.

Lepanthes echidna Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 55: 183, 1984.

Ety.: From the Greek echidna, "a viper," or the genus of spiny anteaters, Echidna, referring to the

prickly exterior of the flower.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-6 cm long, enclosed

by 3-8 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths with dilated apices. Leaf erect, coriaceous, the blade ovate, obtuse,

shortly acuminate, 17-23 mm long, 10-13 mm wide, the rounded base contracted into a petiole 4-5 mm

long. Inflorescence a subdense, flexuous, successively flowered raceme up to 11 mm long, borne

behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 7 mm long; floral bracts 2 mm long, ciliate; pedicels 2.25 mm

long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals triangular, concave, acute with setiform apices, the dorsal sepal purple,

6 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, tricarinate, the carinae

irregularly ciliate-fringed, the lateral sepals yellow, suffused with purple centrally, unicarinate, similar¬

ly fringed, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, 1-veined, connate less than 1 mm, both margins sharply folded

with fringed lamellae along the creases; petals purple, shortly pubescent, transversely oblong, 1 mm

long, 3 mm wide, the lobes subequal, oblong with rounded ends; lip rose, shortly pubescent, the

blades lunate, 1.8 mm long, the apices narrowly obtuse, incurved, the bases rounded, the connectives

broadly cuneate, originating from the base of the column, the sinus obtuse without an appendix;

column 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1850 m,

17 Jan. 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 9386 (Holotype: SEL).

This unusual species, another related to Lepanthes complicata Luer, is distin¬

guished by both margins of larger lateral sepals being plicate and crested. Only the

lateral margins of the lateral sepals of several species are similarly plicate, as with

L. crista-pisces Luer & R.Vasquez. The lobes of the lip are broadly semicircular

with broad, short connectives that encircle the column behind the anther and stigma.

Lepanthes epibator Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 55: 184, 1984.

Ety.: From the Greek epibator, "a climber," referring to the scandent habit.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, scandent; roots from the apices of secondary stems,

slender. Ramicauls slender, proliferating from the apices of other secondary stems, 4-8 cm long,

enclosed by 5-8 close, minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ovate,

acute, 2.5-4.5 cm long, 0.6-0.9 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence a

subdense, successively flowered raceme up to 20 mm long, produced on top of the leaf by a filiform

peduncle 4-6 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1.25 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals

white, ovate, acute, shortly acuminate into narrow apices, the dorsal sepal 3.2 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

3-veined, connate 1 mm to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals oblique, connate 1 mm, 3 mm long, 2.8

mm wide together, each 1-veined; petals red-purple, pubescent, transversely oblong, 0.4 mm long, 1

mm wide, the lobes subequal, oblong, rounded; lip red-purple, the blades oblong with rounded ends,

1.2 mm long, the connectives broadly cuneate, the body connected to the column above the base, the

sinus narrow with a comparatively large, oblong, long-pubescent appendix; column red-purple, 1 mm

long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Sud Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest east of Unduavi, alt. 3100 m, 22 Jan. 1984, C. Luer, J.

Luer & R. Vasquez 9409 (Holotype: SEL).

Lepanthes epibator is the one of very few prolific species with single-veined

lateral sepals known from the Andes, and the only one known from Bolivia. Other

distinguishing characteristics include its weak habit, racemes shorter than the

leaves, and very small flowers with a lip connate to the column above the base and

a comparatively large, long-pubescent appendix.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes falcata Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 342, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin falcatus, "sickle-shaped," in reference to the lobes of the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 10-30 mm long, enclosed

by 4-6 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused with purple beneath, elliptical,

subacute to obtuse, 11-18 mm long including a petiole 2-3 mm long, 5-11 mm wide, the base cuneate

into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, fractiflex, successively flowered raceme up to 13 mm long includ¬

ing the peduncle, often with 2 flowers open simultaneously; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5

mm long; ovary 1 mm long, more or less minutely papillose; sepals brown, widely spread, free nearly to

the base, spiculate externally along the thickened veins, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, acu¬

minate, 4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly triangular, acute, curved

upward, 4.5-5 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, 1-veined, the outer margins narrowly and lightly incurved;

petals brown, microscopically pubescent, transversely oblong, 0.2-0.3 mm long, 1.5- 2.75 mm wide, the

lobes narrowly obtuse; lip brown, bilobed, 1.3 mm long, the lobes falcate, surrounding the column, the

acute apices incurved beneath the apex of the column, minutely pubescent along the inner margins, the

sinus acute with a minute, triangular appendix; column 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest west of Coroico, alt. 2800 m, 4 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Vdsquez & R. Lara 5113 (Holotype: SEL); Bautista Saavedra, ephiphytic in trees along the river

below Charazani, alt. 2550 m, 20 Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric, J. del Hierro & W.

Teague 16454 (MO).

Cochabamba: Chapare, alt. 2750 m, 1981, R. Vasquez 515 (MO); Carrasco, Sehuancas, epiphytic in

forest along Rio Lope Mendoza, alt. 2200 m, 13 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, T. Mulder, D.

Mulder & A. Vogel 12813 (MO); Chapare, epiphytic in forest along road between Cochabamba and Villa

Tunari, alt. 1900 m, 15 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, T. Mulder, D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12839,

12844 (MO); epiphytic in forest remnant, between Villa Tunari and Cochabamba, alt. 2320 m, 23 Aug.

1991, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 15346 (MO); epiphytic in forest remnant along road north of

Cocapata, alt. 2630 m, 5 Feb. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vdsquez & D. Ric 18382 (MO); road

to Tablas Montes, wet cloud forest, alt. 2550 m, 27 Nov. 1999, S. Dalstrom, J. Sonnemark & R. Burian

2416 (MO).

Santa Cruz: Manuel Maria Caballero, other data unknown, R. Vdsquez, D. Ric et al 1578 (MO); epiphy¬

tic in moist forest above Mairana, La Yunga, west of Samaipata, alt. 2090 m, 8 Sep. 1991, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Vdsquez & D. Ric 15414 (MO).

This small species, endemic in central Bolivia, is characterized by a flexuous

raceme that apparently does not exceed the length of the little elliptical leaf. The

sepals are acuminate and widely spread, with the tips of the lateral sepals spreading

about 180° from each other. The lobes of the transverse petals are slender and

nearly equal in size and shape. The lobes of the lip are falcate and embrace the

column without forming blades. The acute, incurved tips surround the column

below the stigma.

Lepanthes fuchsii Luer, Lindleyana 6: 70, 1991.

Ety.: Named in honor of the late Fred Fuchs, Jr. of Naranja, Florida, who discovered this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed

by 5-6 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused with purple beneath, ellip¬

tical, obtuse, 11-18 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, with the base cuneate into a petiole 2 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a loose, distichous, flexuous, successively many-flowered raceme up to 7 cm long including the

slender peduncle ca. 2 cm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 2.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

sepals yellow, sometimes suffused with rose, carinate, entire, with the dorsal sepal subcircular, concave,

3 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, with the rounded apex abrupt¬

ly contracted into a short tail, with the lateral sepals widely spread, ovate, oblique, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm

wide, 1-veined, connate 1 mm, the apices acute, acuminate, everted and incurved, shortly caudate; petals

yellow, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, reniform, 0.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, with the

lobes about equal, broadly ovate, oblique with the apices rounded, pubescent; lip yellow, microscopical¬

ly pubescent, obscurely bilaminate, with the blades thick, ovoid, with rounded ends, 1.5 mm long, with

the connectives and body broad, thick, connate to the base of the column, with the anterior margin of the

body (the appendix) broadly triangular, minutely ciliate; column 1.5 mm long, with the anther and the

stigma apical.

Bolivia: without locality, collected by Fred Fuchs, Jr., ca. 1976, flowered in cultivation, 25 Apr. 1987, by

J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, C. Luer 12805 (Holotype: MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Obtained from Fred Fuchs, this species was successfully cultivated at J & L

Orchids, without collection data. Lepanthes fuchsii is distinguished by its long,

loose, flexuous raceme, greatly exceeding small, elliptical leaves; entire, broad

sepals with recurved, shortly caudate apices, the laterals singly veined; little reni-

form petals; and a lip with thick, ovoid blades with short connectives and a protrud¬

ing, broadly triangular appendix.

Lepanthes garayi T.Hashim., J. Jap. Bot. 49: 12, 1974.

Ety.: Named for Leslie A. Garay, former curator of the AMES Orchid Herbarium.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-7.5 cm long, enclosed

by 6-7 microscopically ciliate-scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute,

acuminate, 20-33 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, with the base cuneate into a petiole 4-5 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a congested, distichous, flexuous, successively many-flowered raceme up to 8 mm long, borne by

a slender peduncle 5-8 mm long behind the leaf; floral bracts 1.75 mm long; pedicels 1.25 mm long;

ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellow-green, minutely short-pubescent, carinate, the dorsal sepal with a purple

vein, broadly ovate, obtuse, shortly acuminate, 3.75 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the later¬

al sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 5 mm long including tails, 1.75 mm wide, 1-veined,

connate less than 1 mm, the apices acute, acuminate, contracted into relatively stout tails 1 mm long;

petals yellow, suffused with rose, minutely pubescent, broadly ovate to triangular, obtuse, 1 mm long,

1.25 mm wide, 1-veined; lip brown, minutely long-pubescent, bilaminate, with the blades thick, oblong,

with rounded ends, 1.2 mm long, with the connectives broad from the basal half, the body thick, connate

to the base of the column, with the anterior margin of the body incised, the appendix ciliate, external,

thick with an apical pair of minute, oblong lobes; column 1.5 mm long, with the anther apical and the

stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Carrasco, 8.5 km en la carretera San Miguel a Comarapa, epiphyte on a tree in ceja forest,

alt. unknown, 12 Oct. 1971, Nishida, Hashimoto & Maekawa s.n. (Holotype: TI).

Santa Cruz: Comarapa, alt. 2500 m, 1 Dec. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 3601 (MO); Manuel

Maria Caballero, 30 km de Comarapa a Siberia, alt. 2200 m, 3 Nov. 1990, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & A.

Burela 1282 (MO); collecting data unknown, R. Vasquez & D. Ric 2537 (MO).

This little species is apparently endemic in central Bolivia, near the southern

extension of the Andes. It is distinguished by a small size with elliptical leaves

shorter than the ramicauls, and an inflorescence shorter than the leaf. The sepals are

broadly ovate with the broad dorsal spanning the width of both lateral sepals com¬

bined, and the lateral sepals single-veined and caudate. The petals are subtriangular

and obtuse with the two halves, or lobes, more or less equal and widest at their

junction. The blades of the lip are oblong and long-pubescent with thick connec¬

tives. Two narrow processes from an external appendix protrude beyond the incised

margin of the body.

Lepanthes glaberrima Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 344, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin glaberrimus , "very smooth, without hair," referring to the petals and the lip.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-10 cm long,

enclosed by 5-6 close, minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ovate,

acute, lightly acuminate, 2-4 cm long, 0.9-1.5 cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole ca. 1.5 mm long.

Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively flowered raceme up to 20 mm long, borne either

behind or on top of the leaf by a filiform peduncle 4-8 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 2 mm

long; ovary slender, 4 mm long; sepals red-orange, edged in yellow, glabrous, the dorsal sepal broadly

ovate, 2.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the apex obtuse to rounded, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals

for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, subacute, connate 1.5 mm, 2.2 mm long, 2.5 mm wide

together, each 2-veined; petals orange, glabrous, transversely oblong, bilobed, 1 mm long, 2.75-3.5 mm

wide, the outer margin incised near the middle, the lobes triangular-oblong with rounded ends, the lower

lobe smaller; lip purple, tinged with orange, the blades elliptical, glabrous, 1.75 mm long, the ends

rounded, the connectives narrowly cuneate, connate to the column above the base, the appendix ovoid,

pubescent, hinged at the sinus, with an ovoid apical gland; column 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the

stigma ventral.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest on the road to Tablas, alt. 2500 m, 9 Feb. 1980, C.

Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5181 (Holotype: SEL).

La Paz: Bautista Saavedra, epiphytic in trees along the river below Charazani, alt. 2470 m, 20 Nov.

1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric, J. del Hierro & W. Teague 16458 (MO).

Santa Cruz: near Khara Huasi, wet cloud forest, alt. 2000 m, 22 Nov. 1999, S. Dalstrom, J. Sonnemark

& R. Burian 2394 (MO).

This species, endemic in central Bolivia, is notable for the small, long-pedi¬

cellate flowers produced in a congested, distichous raceme far shorter than the

narrowly ovate leaf. The sepals are broadly ovate and obtuse to rounded; the petals

and blades of the lip are proportionately large and glabrous. The petals are incised

on the outer margin between the upper and middle lobes. The relatively large,

hinged appendix of the lip is the only part of the flower that is pubescent.

The flower of Lepanthes incisa Luer & R.Vasquez bears a superficial similarity

to that of L. glaberrima , but the inflorescence of the former is short-pedicelllate, the

similar petals are pubescent, and the lip has long connectives elevating the blades

above a short column with a four-lobed, hinged appendix.

Lepanthes hastata Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 8: 108, 1992.

Ety.: From the Latin hastatus, "spear-shaped," referring to a ramicaul with a leaf.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender, numerous. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-9

cm long, enclosed by 10-12 microscopically ciliate lepanthiform sheaths with dilated ostia. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly ovate, acute, 4-5.5 cm long, 0.9-1.1 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 2-3

mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme up to 20 mm long,

borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 5-8 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long, minutely subspicu-

late; pedicels 1.25-1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long, with erose crests; sepals yellow, broadly ovate,

acute, microscopically subdenticulate, carinate, the dorsal sepal suffused with orange, 3 mm long, 3 mm

wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 3.5 mm long, 1.75 mm

wide, 2-veined, connate 1 mm, the apices acute, acuminate, diverging; petals orange, cellular, transverse¬

ly bilobed, 1 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the lobe upper lobe cuneate, subtruncate, the lower lobe oblong,

obtuse; lip bilaminate, the blades glabrous, red, ovate, lightly concave, narrowly obtuse, 1.25 mm long,

the connectives broadly cuneate, the body connate to the base of the column, the sinus deeply cleft with

obtuse angles on both margins, the appendix oblong, pubescent, with an apical segment with a pair of

minute tufts of hairs; column stout, 1 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Larecaja, southwest of Tipuani, epiphytic in forest remnant above Santa Barbara, Alto Llipi, alt.

1350 m, 30 Aug. 1991, collected by A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro & W. Teague, C. Luer 15384 (Holotype: MO).

This endemic species is closely allied to Lepanthes intricata Luer from south¬

eastern Ecuador. Lepanthes hastata is distinguished by its narrowly ovate leaves;

broad sepals with the apices of the lateral sepals acuminate and diverging; cuneate

upper lobes of the petals; glabrous, concave blades of the lip; and a deeply cleft

sinus with marginal angles on both sides. The appendix, very similar to that of L.

intricata , is oblong with an apical segment with a pair of tufted hairs.

Lepanthes hellcocephala Rchb.f., Xenia Orch. 1: 150, 1856.

Ety: From the Greek helicocephale, a "twisted head," probably referring to the petiole of the leaf

with the flowers borne along the back side.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-6 cm long,

enclosed by 6-9 glabrous to microscopically ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ellipti¬

cal-ovate, obtuse, 2-3 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, the base broadly cuneate or rounded, contracted into a

petiole 1-1.5 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme up to

10 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 7-12 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedi¬

cels 1.5 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals light yellow-brown, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal

narrowly triangular, acute, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm,

the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, in apposition, 4.75 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, connate at the base,

2-veined; petals orange-brown, minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1.4 mm long, 2.6 mm wide,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

the upper lobe oblong-ovate, rounded at the apex, the lower lobe broad at the base but contracted about

midway into a narrow apex; lip orange-brown, minutely pubescent, bilaminate, the blades convex, ovoid,

the labellar lobe contracted above the middle to a narrow apex without forming a blade, 1.5 mm long, the

connectives broadly cuneate, the body broad, connate to the column at the base, the appendix short,

ovate, concave, pubescent, incurved, in association with a stigmatic process; column 1.5 mm long, the

anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, old road from Villa Tunari to Cochabamba, epiphytic in wet forest, alt. 700 m,

30 Jan. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vasquez & D. Ric 18314A (MO); same location, Feb. 1997,

C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez, D. Ric & W. Teague s.n. (MO).

Also Suriname (Mariepaston, type: Kegel 1350)', Guyana (Roche Touatou, Bassin du Sinnamary);

Venezuela (Bolivar, Amazonas); Ecuador (Sucumbios, Napo, Morona-Santiago); Brazil (Acre); and Peru

(Pasco).

This species is widely distributed in lowland Amazonian South America from

the Guyanas, through Brazil to Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Although it has not been

reported from Colombia, it certainly must occur there. Despite the extensive range,

it remains vegetatively and florally stable. The flowers are borne behind the leaf in

a congested raceme. The sepals are acute, with the dorsal sepal narrow and the

laterals broad at the base and held in apposition. Very characteristically, the lower

lobes of the petals and the apices of the blades of the lip are contracted above the

middle into narrow portions, with the apices of the labellar lobes not forming

blades.

Lepanthes herzogii Luer, Rev. Soc. Boliv. Bot. 2(1): 23, 1998.

Ety.: Named for Birger Herzog, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany, who

collected this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, scandent, branching; roots slender. Ramicauls prolific, slender, 9-20 mm

long, enclosed by 3-4 long-ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical, obtuse,

apiculate, 6-9 mm long including a petiole 1 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, with the rounded base contracted

into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, distichous, flexuous, successively few-flowered raceme up to 3

cm long including the slender peduncle ca. 10 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long, sparsely long-ciliate;

pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; flowers dark purple; sepals carinate- spiculate, cellular-gland¬

ular within, ovate, subacute to obtuse, contracted into tails 2-2.5 mm long, the dorsal sepal 2.5 mm long,

2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals diverging, oblique, long-

ciliate, 2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 1 mm; petals long-pubescent, transversely bilobed,

0.5 mm long, 2.4 mm wide, the lobes oblong, obtuse, equal in size; lip bilobed, the lobes pubescent,

long-ciliate, ovate, apices acute, bases rounded, 0.85 mm long, the connectives cuneate, the body broad,

concave, connate to the base of the column, the appendix small, a dense tuft of hairs; column elongate,

cylindrical, 1.25 mm long, with the anther apical and the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Bautista Saavedra, Charazani, east of Chullina, in forest, alt. 3380 m, 8 Jan. 1994, B. Herzog

195 (Holotype: LZ; Isotypes: LPB, MO), C. Luer illustr. 18911.

This little species is one of a few in the genus characterized by a scandent, pro¬

liferating habit. The leaves are small and broadly elliptical, and the inflorescence is

a loose, flexuous, few-flowered inflorescence. The plant has the appearance of

Trichosalpinx chamaelepanthes (Rchb.f.) Luer, with the base of one ramicaul pro¬

liferating from the apex of another. The tails of the sepals are about as long as the

blades, with the lateral sepals long-ciliate; the petals are transversely oblong; and

the lip is bilobed. The long-ciliate lobes are ovate without forming blades, and the

appendix is reduced to a tuft of long hairs.

Lepanthes incisa Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 348, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin incisus , "cut into," referring to the deeply incised petals.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-9 cm

long, enclosed by 5-8 close, minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly

ovate-elliptic, acute, acuminate, 3-5 cm long, 1-1.3 cm wide, the blade cuneate into a 3 mm long petiole.

Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme up to 13 mm long, borne

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 6-10 mm long; floral bracts 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long;

ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals yellow-orange, suffused with purple basally, glabrous, the dorsal sepal broad¬

ly ovate, subacute, 2.8 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the

lateral sepals ovate, connate to above the middle, 2.2 mm long, 2.4 mm wide together, each 2-veined, the

apices obtuse; petals yellow-orange, suffused with purple at the base, minutely pubescent, transversely

elliptical, bilobed, 1 mm long, 4 mm wide, the outer margin incised near the middle, the lobes obtusely

triangular with rounded ends, the lower lobe smaller; lip red-orange, cellular-pubescent, the blades

oblong with rounded ends, 1.5 mm long, the connectives narrow, lifting the blades above the column, the

narrow body connate to the column above the base, the appendix pubescent, 4-lobed, hinged at the sinus

in contact with the rostellum; column 1 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Inquisivi, epiphytic in cloud forest between Inquisivi and Circuata, alt. 2550 m, 27 Jan. 1981, C.

Luer. J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5796 (Holotype: SEL).

This species of central Bolivia is superficially similar to Lepanthes glaberrima

Luer & R.Vasquez, even the petals being similar in size and shape with an incision

on the outer margin. The flowers of L. incisa are borne by short pedicels, the petals

are minutely pubescent, the lip has narrow connectives elevating the blades above a

short column, and the appendix is four-lobed. In contrast, the inflorescence of L.

glaberrima is long-pedicellate, the similar petals are glabrous, and the appendix is

ovoid.

Lepanthes incredibilis Luer & R.Vasquez, Rev. Soc. Boliv. Bot. 2(1): 19, 1998.

Ety: From the Latin incredibilis , "incredible," referring to its preposterous habit.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots thick. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.5-3 mm long, en¬

closed by 2 microscopically pubescent lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute

to obtuse, 5-7 mm long including a petiole 1 mm long, 2.5-3.25 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole.

Inflorescence a congested, successively 2(?)-flowered raceme up to 7 mm long including the peduncle;

floral bracts 1 mm long, minutely ciliate; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals purple-

brown, carinate, the dorsal sepal triangular, acute, slightly acuminate, smooth, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, acute, oblique, 7.5 mm long in¬

cluding a slender tail 1.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 2 mm, densely short-ciliate, with the

outer margin ciliate in 2 ranks; petals green with dark purple margins, microscopically pubescent, trans¬

versely bilobed, the upper lobe oblong, obtuse, convex, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lower lobe

narrowly triangular, acute, 1.5 mm long; lip pale yellow, suffused with rose at both ends, bilaminate, the

blades oblong-subreniform with the ends rounded, flat to slightly concave, 1.8 mm long, the inner

margin below the middle long-ciliate, with the connectives triangular-cuneate, with the body connate to

the base of the column, the sinus obtuse with the appendix arising from the anterior surface, oblong,

clavate, pubescent; column 1 mm long, with the anther dorsal and the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1750 m, 31 Jan.

1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague 18346 (Holotype: MO).

Vegetatively, this species is extremely small with ramicauls less than three

millimeters long and leaves less than seven millimeters long. The flower is com¬

paratively huge, thirteen millimeters long between tips of the dorsal and lateral

sepals, and five millimeters wide, about four times the area of a leaf. The dorsal

sepal is smooth while the margins of the lateral sepals are densely ciliate, with the

outer margins more or less ciliate in two ranks. The upper lobe of the petals is

oblong with an obscure, central convexity; the lower lobe is narrowly triangular and

much smaller. The blades of the lip are oblong, with the basal half slightly everted

and somewhat concave with the inner margins long-ciliate, resembling the ciliate

blades of the comparatively gigantic Lepanthes menatoi Luer & R. Vasquez. The

appendix is small, clavate and pubescent.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes ionoptera Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 70, 1855.

Ety.: From the Greek ionoptera , "violet-winged," referring to the flowers.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-5.5 cm long, enclosed

by 4-6 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 2- 3.2

cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, successively

many-flowered raceme up to 18 cm long, borne by a peduncle 3-5 cm long; floral bracts 2 mm long;

pedicels 1-4 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals purple to red-brown, with or without light green mar¬

gins, margins entire to minutely ciliate, glabrous, ovate, acute, long-acuminate, the dorsal sepal 14-22

mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1 mm to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals narrowly linear-

ovate, long-attenuate, 14-24 mm long, 3.5 mm wide at the base, 2-veined, connate 4 mm, apices approx¬

imate; petals orange-brown, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1 mm long, 4.5-6 mm

wide, the upper lobe narrowly ovate, acute, the lower lobe obliquely triangular, slightly shorter than the

upper lobe; lip rose, bilaminate, the blades oblong, slightly convex, with both ends rounded, minutely

pubescent, 1.5-2 mm long, the connectives cuneate, the body connate to the column above the base, the

appendix pedunculate, inflated, shortly pubescent, hinged at the sinus; column stout, 2 mm long, the

anther apical, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, road to Tablas, alt. 2500 m, 28 Nov. 1979, R. Vasquez 209 (MO), C. Luer

illustr. 9480.

Also Colombia (Norte de Santander, type: Wagener s.n., W; Santander); Venezuela; and Peru.

This species is one of the few of the genus Lepanthes from the Andes that was

represented in the herbaria of Europe during the nineteenth century. It was collect-

ed by Wagener in the old department of Ocana in the Eastern Cordillera of Colom¬

bia. It is one of the more spectacular species with a long, loose raceme that slowly

produces a succession of large, slender, flowers with long-acuminate, purplish

sepals. Lepanthes vasquezii Luer, the only similar Bolivian species, is larger vegeta-

tively with ramicauls five to nine centimeters long and a leaf about four centimeters

long. The dorsal sepal of L. vasquezii is broader and concave. The transversely

bilobed petals of both species are similar with the upper lobe of L. ionoptera nar¬

rowly ovate and the lower lobe obliquely triangular, while the upper lobe of L.

vasquezii is elliptical and rounded at the tip with the lower lobe narrowly oblong.

The lips of the two species are similar with oblong, pubescent blades and a pubes¬

cent appendix with a terminal segment.

Lepanthes llipiensis Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 7: 111, 1992.

Ety.: Named for Alto Llipi above Tipuani where this species was discovered.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2.5 cm long, enclosed

by 6-8 microscopically ciliate lepanthiform sheaths with dilated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ovate,

acute, 12-18 mm long, 9-13 mm wide, the base rounded, contracted into a petiole 1-2 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 8 mm long, borne behind the

leaf by a filiform peduncle 4-5 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long, minutely subspiculate; pedicels 0.75

mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals light yellow to white, ovate, acute, lightly acuminate, the dorsal

sepal 3.3 mm long, 2.1 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals

oblique, 3 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 0.5 mm; petals yellow, cellular, transversely bi¬

lobed, 1 mm long, 2 mm wide, the lobes obliquely subquadrate with a small apiculum on the outer

margin between the lobes, the upper lobe slightly larger; lip bilaminate, the blades red to purple, gla¬

brous except for minutely ciliate margins of the apices, oblong, narrowly obtuse, 1.5 mm long, the

connectives cuneate, short, the body narrow, connate to the base of the column, the sinus deeply cleft, the

appendix ovoid, pubescent, with an oblong apical segment; column stout, 1 mm long, the anther apical,

the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Larecaja, southwest of Tipuani, epiphytic in forest remnant above Santa Barbara, Alto Llipi,

alt. 1350 m, 30 Aug. 1991, collected by A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro & W. Teague, C. Luer 15387 (Holo-

type: MO).

This species, apparently endemic in central Bolivia, is allied to Lepanthes chor-

ista Luer from southeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru. Lepanthes llipiensis is

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

distinguished by a smaller size and entire sepals, with the lateral sepals three-

veined. The petals of the two species are practically identical, but the lip differs in

several respects. The blades of the lip of L. Ilipiensis are narrow and do not adhere

over the column, and are not prominently convex above the middle. The terminal

segment of the ovoid appendix is oblong, and not subclavate and forked.

Lepanthes longipedicellata C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl., Harvard Univ. 15:

79, 1951.

Ety.: From the Latin longipedicellatus , "long-pedicellate," referring to the inflorescence.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy, wider than the ramicaul. Ramicauls erect, slender,

1.5-4 cm long, enclosed by 4-7 long-ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, suffused with purple

beneath, coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, 8-20 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, with the base broadly cuneate into a

petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence 1 to 3 loose, distichous, flexuous, successively several-flowered

racemes of 5-7 flowers up to 15 mm long, borne by a slender peduncle 7-10 mm long, eventually equall¬

ing or shortly surpassing the leaf; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

sepals cream, suffused with dull purple centrally, long-denticulate along the carinate veins externally,

the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, contracted into a slender tail 2 mm long, 5 mm long including the tail, 1.5

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, diverging, acute, acuminate, with upcurv-

ing, slender tails, 5 mm long, including the tails, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined, barely connate basally; petals

yellow-brown, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 1-veined,

the upper lobe oblong, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, the lower lobe 1 mm long, slightly incurved; lip red-purple,

glabrous to cellular-pubescent, bilaminate, with the blades thick, oblong, curved, with rounded ends, 1.6

mm long, with the connectives broad from the center, the body thick, connate to the column above the

base, with the anterior margin of the body incised, the appendix a group of long cilia; column 2.5 mm

long, with the anther and the stigma apical.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, west of Coroico, alt. 2550 m, 27 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 8609

(SEL); Bautista Saavedra, epiphytic in trees along the river below Charazani, alt. 2700 m, 19 Nov. 1992,

C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric, J. del Hierro & W. Teague 16437 (MO); epiphytic in trees along the

river below Charazani, alt. 2470 m, 20 Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric, J. del Hierro &

W. Teague 16461 (MO); Murillo, epiphytic in trees along Rio Zongo, alt. 2750 m, 22 Nov. 1992, C.

Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague 16477 (MO).

Also Peru (Puno, type: C. Vargas 3128 , AMES).

This little species occurs in the Andes of southern Peru and adjacent central

Bolivia. It is distinguished by the small size with ovate leaves surpassed by loose

inflorescences with long-pedicellate flowers. The sepals are acute, caudate, and

long-denticulate along the veins externally. The narrow petals are transversely

bilobed. The blades of the lip are crescent-shaped, and the appendix is represented

by a group of long cilia.

Lepanthes megalocephala Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 55: 188, 1984.

Ety.: From the Latinized Greek megalocephalus , "with a large head," referring to the proportionately

large flower for the plant.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-10 mm long,

enclosed by 4-5 microscopically scabrous lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, purple beneath,

reticulated, ovate, subacute, 8-10 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, the rounded base contracted into a petiole 1

mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively large-flowered raceme up to 5 mm long,

borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 3-5 mm long; floral bracts ciliate, 0.75 mm long; pedicels

0.75 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals red with yellow margins, triangular-ovate, acute, densely ci¬

liate and carinate-ciliate, the dorsal sepal 4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral

sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 2-veined, connate for 1.5 mm, minutely

pubescent above the middle; petals red-orange, pubescent, transversely bilobed, 3.75 mm wide, 1 mm

long, the lobes narrowly triangular, acute, the upper larger; lip yellow, suffused with red-orange, the

blades linear-ovate, 2 mm long, long-ciliate, the ends narrowly obtuse, the connectives narrowly cuneate,

originating from the base of the column without forming a body, the sinus acute, with an oblong, trun¬

cate, pubescent appendix; column slender, 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1850 m, 29

Jan. 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 9470 (Holotype: SEL).

La Paz: Nor Yungas, road between Caranavi and Bella Vista, alt. 1300 m, collected Aug. 1991, flowered

in cultivation in Quito, Ecuador, Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5573 (MO); Nor Yungas, Bella Vista, alt. 1800 m,

collected Aug. 1991, flowered in cultivation in Quito, Ecuador, Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5700 (MO).

The first plant of this central Bolivian species, found by Roberto Vasquez, was

minute with the brightly colored flower as large as the reticulate leaf. Subsequent

collections have been thrice larger vegetatively, but with similar flowers. The

sepals are densely ciliate and the narrowly triangular lobes of the petals are pubes¬

cent. The linear-ovate, long-ciliate blades of the lip are supported by connectives

that do not form a body. Instead, an acute sinus is formed from which the appendix

originates.

Lepanthes megalostele Luer, Phytologia 54: 352, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek megalostele , "a large column," referring to the size of the column.

Syn.: Lepanthes micropogon Luer, Phytologia 54: 353, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek micropogon , "a small beard," referring to the ciliate appendix.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-9 cm long,

enclosed by 5-8 blackish, close, microscopically ciliate lepanthiform sheaths, with the ostia essentially

not dilated. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 2-4 cm long, 1-1.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into a

petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, long-pedicellate, successively flowered

raceme up to 7 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 10-22 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm

long, echinate; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals light yellow, glabrous, carinate, subacute to

obtuse, the dorsal sepal ovate-triangular, 2.5 mm long, 1.5-1.9 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral

sepals for 0.75 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, connate 1.5 mm, 2.5 mm long, 2.25-2.5 mm wide together,

each 2-veined; petals yellow or orange, suffused with red, transversely oblong, 0.8-1 mm long, 3.5 mm

wide, microscopically pubescent, the upper lobe elliptical, obtuse, the lower lobe smaller, oblong, ob¬

tuse; lip red, bilaminate, the blades elliptical, poorly developed above the middle, 1 mm long, the apices

acute, long-ciliate, the bases rounded, the connectives cuneate, the body narrow, connate to the base of

the column, the appendix thick, broadly triangular, pubescent, with an acute, ciliate, incurved apex;

column proportionately large, 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, between Coroico and Coripata, alt. 2000m, 3 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.

Vasquez 5069 (SEL).

Also Ecuador (Mapo, type of L. megalostele, A. Hirtz 917B , SEL; type of L. micropogon, C. Luer & A.

Hirtz 6952, SEL).

This species, first collected and described from Ecuador, has been subsequently

collected in central Bolivia. It is recognized by dark, non-dilated lepanthiform

sheaths; elliptical leaves; short, congested, distichous, long-pedicellate racemes;

entire, ovate-triangular sepals; proportionately large petals; and small blades of the

lip that are long-ciliate at the apex in the Bolivian collection. The remarkable

column is as large or larger than one of the blades of the lip, but the appendix is

minute. The body of the lip was erroneously interpreted as being a large appendix

in the description of Lepanthes megalostele in the Lepanthes of Ecuador (Luer,

1996).

Lepanthes menatoi Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 55: 189, 1984.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dino Menato of Chulumani, Bolivia, who discovered this species.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 10-25 cm long, enclosed by

10-15 pale, ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, more or less suffused with purple,

elliptical-ovate, obtuse, shortly acuminate, 6-11 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, the base rounded, contracted

into a twisted petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively many-flowered

raceme up to 6 cm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 1.5-3.5 cm long; floral bracts 1.5

mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, the dorsal sepal triangular,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

acute or subacute, 8 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 mm, the later¬

al sepals oblique, ovate, subacute, in apposition, 8 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 2-3 mm;

petals yellow or orange, with red margin, glabrous, transversely bilobed, 1.25-1.75 mm long, 4-4.75 mm

wide, the upper lobe oblong, truncate, the lower lobe smaller, narrowly triangular; lip yellow, sometimes

suffused with rose, bilaminate, the blades oblong, convex, with rounded ends, 1.5 mm long, the surfaces

and outer margins glabrous, the inner margins long-ciliate, covering the column, the connectives narrow

from the bases of the blades, the body connate to the base of the column, the sinus obtuse with a small,

oblong, pubescent appendix; column stout, 1 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Sud Yungas, collecting data unknown, flowered in cultivation by Dino Menato in Chulumani,

Bolivia, 24 June 1984, C. Luer 9428 (Holotype: MO).

Santa Cruz: Manuel Maria Caballero, alt. 2200 m, 2 Feb. 1992, R. Vasquez, L.R. Moreno & D. Ric 1591

(MO).

Also Ecuador (Napo, Tungurahua, Morona-Santiago); Peru (Amazonas).

This large species is widely distributed on the eastern slopes of the Andes of

Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. It is stable morphologically, usually robust and large,

with a broad, shortly acuminate leaf with a congested raceme borne along the back

surface. The sepals are acute; the upper lobe of the petals is oblong and truncate,

and the lower lobe is narrowly triangular. It is distinguished from the host of other

yellow-flowered, large species of Lepanthes by the lip with oblong, curved blades,

with long-ciliate inner margins that partially cover the column.

Lepanthes microphallica Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek microphallos , "a minute phallus," referring to the appendix.

Species haec Lepanthides sillarensis Schltr. similis, sed inflorescentia congesta folio breviore,

columna minore nonarcuata quam labelli laminis breviore, et appendice minuta cum glandula terminali

differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-5 cm long, enclosed by

3-8 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, suffused with purple beneath, coriaceous, ellipti¬

cal, acute, 10-30 mm long, 6-11 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1.5 mm long. Inflorescence 1

or 2 congested, successively many-flowered racemes up to 15 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a fili¬

form peduncle 3-6 mm long; floral bracts 0.75-1 mm long; pedicels 0.75-1 mm long; ovary 1-2 mm long;

sepals yellow, sometimes suffused with rose, carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 3.5-4 mm long, 2

mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, acute, oblique, 3.5

mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 1.5 mm; petals yellow-orange to purple, microscopically

pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 1-veined, the lobes oblong with obtuse ends,

the upper lobe larger than the lower; lip bilaminate, the blades red to purple, cellular-glandular, oblong

with rounded ends, 1.75 mm long, the connectives narrowly cuneate, from the bases, the body narrow,

connate to the base of the column, the appendix in the sinus, deflexed, minute, oblong with a terminal

gland; column terete, 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, Chuspipata, alt. 2600 m, 21 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 12899

(Holotype of L. microphallica : MO); between Coroico and Coripata, alt. 2000 m, 3 Feb. 1980, C. Luer,

J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5068 (SEL); Sud Yungas, along Rio Unduavi, alt. 2480 m, 6 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Vasquez & M. Mannon 5138A (SEL).

Lepanthes microphallica is superficially similar to L. sillarensis Schltr., with

similar, small, elliptical leaves and small flowers borne by a congested raceme that

apparently remains shorter than the leaf. The sepals and petals are not remarkably

different, but the blades of the lip of L. microphallica are nearly as long as the

column they flank, while the blades of L. sillarensis are proportionately smaller as

they partially cover a larger, arcuate column. The connectives of both species

originate from the base of the column with the appendix in the sinus. The appendix

of L. microphallica is minute and slender, with a terminal gland, not at all resem¬

bling the triangular, flaplike appendix of L. sillarensis.

28 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes miraculum Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 353, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin miraculum, "a marvel," referring to the grotesque features of the flowers.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots relatively coarse. Ramicauls slender, erect to

suberect, 3-9.5 cm long, enclosed by 6-9 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths with markedly dilated ostia. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, suffused with purple beneath, elliptical, acute, 2-3 cm long, 0.9-1.1 cm wide, the base

cuneate into a petiole 2-4 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, subflexuous, distantly successively flowered

raceme up to 10 cm long including the slender peduncle 2.5-4 cm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long, ciliate;

pedicels 2.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long, papillose-winged; sepals dark red, the margins erose, the

carinae serrate, the dorsal sepal triangular, acute, shortly acuminate, 10.5 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm, the lateral sepals connate 5 mm into a bifid lamina 11.5

mm long, 8.5 mm wide, shortly pubescent, concave basally, the apices ovate, acute, shortly acuminate, 3-

veined; petals red, ciliate, bilobed, the upper lobe 1 mm long, acute, reflexed, the lower lobe falcate,

acute, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, long-ciliate; lip bright purple, the blades oblong, 1.75 mm long, glabrous

except for short cilia at the narrowly obtuse apices, the bases rounded and continuous with the cuneate

connectives connate to the column near the middle below the stigma, the sinus obtuse with a broad,

membranous, retuse, ciliate appendix in contact with a clavate appendage from the stigma; column 2

mm long, the apical half dilated with the dorsal anther and ventral stigma, the shaft extremely slender.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2500 m, 22

Jan. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vdsquez 4906 (Holotype: SEL); same area, alt. 2600 m, 26 Nov. 1978,

C. Luer, F. Fuchs et al. 3490 (SEL); same area, collected by B. Wuerstle, alt. 2700 m, 13 Jan. 1981, C.

Luer 5662 (SEL); Pampa Tambo, alt. 2800 m, 24 Dec. 1979, R. Vdsquez 234 (SEL).

The proportionately small leaves of this remarkable species are borne by long,

slender ramicauls. The large, dark red flowers are produced in loose racemes as

long as the ramicauls. The sepals are erose, shortly pubescent and shortly acu¬

minate. The lower lobes of the ciliate petals flank the column, while the minute

upper lobes twist behind. The lobes of the lip are oblong and cover the column, the

shaft of which is very slender like that of Lepanthes vespa Luer & R.Vasquez. The

weblike appendix is in contact with a clavate process from the stigma as is seen in

L. contingens Luer of Ecuador and Colombia.

Lepanthes monitor, Luer, Phytologia 54: 354, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin monitor, "a reminder," referring to the morphological features reminiscent of

Lepanthes elata Rchb. f. and its relatives.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender to stout, erect,

6-28 cm long, enclosed by 9-14 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous,

oblong-ovate, acute, acuminate, 6-12 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, the base cuneate or rounded, contracted into

a petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively many- flowered raceme up to

40 mm long, borne by a filiform peduncle up to 40 mm long behind the leaf; floral bracts 1.5 mm long;

pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals pale yellow, glabrous, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal tri¬

angular-ovate, 5-7 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5-2 mm, the

lateral sepals oblique, 5-7 mm long, 2-veined, connate 2.5-5 mm into an ovate, bifid lamina 4-8 mm

wide, the acute apices shortly acuminate; petals yellow or white with purple margins, cellular-glandular,

transversely bilobed, 1.25-1.5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, the upper lobe ovate-oblong with the apex

subtruncate, oblique, the lower lobe obliquely and narrowly contracted below the middle; lip orange,

white or purple, bilaminate, blades ovate, minutely pubescent, 1.5-2 mm long, the apices narrowly

rounded, the bases rounded, the connectives short, cuneate, the body connate to the base of the column,

the sinus obtuse with the appendix small, triangular, pubescent, with a minute apical lobule; column 1.5

mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, alt. 2820 m, 12 Dec. 1989, R. Vdsquez 1172 (MO).

Also Ecuador (Loja, type: C. Luer, D. D’Alessandro & S. Dalstrom 7096, SEL; Napo, Morona-Santiago,

Zamora-Chinchipe); Colombia (Antioquia, Quindio); and Peru (Amazonas).

Lepanthes monitor , a large species with sharply pointed sepals borne by large

flowers in a congested raceme, is widely distributed from Colombia into Bolivia. It

is variable vegetatively and florally, especially in the shape of the petals. Although

the oblique, subtruncate apices of the upper lobes of typical L. monitor are easily

recognized, the shape is sometimes obscure. Elliptical, shallowly concave blades of

the lip mostly cover the column. The appendix is small, triangular and pubescent.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes monoptera Lindl., J. Bot. 1: 10, 1834.

Ety.: From the Greek monopteron , "single-wing," referring to an ovarian carina which was promi¬

nent on the dorsum of the ovary of Lindley’s only flower.

Syn.: Lepanthes roseola Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 46, 1877.

Ety.: From the Latin roseolus , "rosy," referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Lepanthes dolichopus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 96, 1920.

Ety.: From the Greek dolichopous , "long-footed," referring to the proportionately long ramicaul.

Plant small to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender to stout, erect, 6-30 cm

long, enclosed by 7-11 lightly colored, microscopically scabrous lepanthiform sheaths with slightly

dilated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, often suffused with purple beneath, narrowly elliptical, acute, 4-13

cm long, 0.5-1.3 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence a subcongested,

successively several- to many-flowered raceme 1-9 cm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle

ca. 1 cm long; floral bracts 2-3 mm long, enclosing the pedicels 1 mm long; ovary trialate, 1.5-2 mm

long; flowers variable in color from green, yellow, rose, to purple-brown; sepals denticulate, carinate,

ovate, acute, slightly acuminate, the dorsal sepal 4.75-7 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to

the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 4.75-7 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1-veined, connate

1-1.5 mm; petals minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1-1.3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the lobes

oblong to triangular, obtuse, subequal; lip bilaminate, the blades variably elliptical, long-ciliate, 2-3 mm

long, the bases rounded, the apices narrowly obtuse, the connectives short, from near or below the

middle of the blades, the body broad, connate to the base of the column, the sinus obtuse, with a minute,

ovate, pubescent appendix; column slender, clavate, 2-3 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, west of Coroico, epiphytic in cloud forest, alt. 2550 m, 27 Jan. 1983, C. Luer,

J. Luer & R. Vasquez 8601 (MO).

Also Ecuador (Azuay, type of L. monoptera: W. Jameson s.n.,, K; Carchi, Imbabura, Sucumbfos,

Pichincha, type of L. roseola: R. Spruce 5954 , W; Napo, Tungurahua, Morona-Santiago, Canar, Loja,

Zamora-Chinchipe); Colombia (Antioquia, Norte de Santander, Quindio, Cundinamarca, Cauca, type of

L. dolichopus: Madero s.n., destroyed at B).

This species was described and illustrated by Lindley from a single plant and a

single flower. Although crude, enough details are included to leave no doubt about

its identity. Jameson had collected the plant near Cuenca, Ecuador, where it is

known to be especially common today. It is common at high altitudes in much of

Ecuador, but less common in Colombia and known from only a single collection in

Bolivia.

The leaves are narrowly elliptical, not much longer than the ramicaul when the

plant is small, but in larger plants the ramicaul is noticeably much longer than the

leaf. The subcongested racemes reach about half the length of the leaf. The sepals

are denticulate, and the lateral sepals are one-veined. The transverse petals are

variously shaped, often overlapping above the column. The blades of the lip are

variably elliptical and ciliate, and the appendix is short and pubescent.

Lepanthes mucronata Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 356, 1834.

Ety.: From the Latin mucronatus , "mucronate," referring to the tip of the leaves.

Syn.: Lepanthes andrenoglossa Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 241, 1855.

Ety.: From the Greek andrenoglossa , "a masculine tongue," without obvious reference.

Syn.: Lepanthes mesochlora Rchb.f., Xenia Orch. 1: 147, 1856.

Ety.: From the Greek mesochloros, "green in the middle," referring to the colors of the flower.

Syn.: Lepanthes macroura Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 55, 1921.

Ety.: From the Greek makroura, "a large or long tail," referring to the mucronate tip of the leaf.

Plant small to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-23 cm long,

enclosed by 7-12 closely fitting, microscopically ciliate-scabrous lepanthiform sheaths with narrowly

dilated, acuminate ostia. Leaf more or less horizontal, often purple beneath, thinly coriaceous, ovate to

narrowly ovate, acute, acuminate, 1-8 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, the base broadly to narrowly cuneate into

a petiole 1-2 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, successively many-flowered raceme up to 10 mm

long, borne on top of the leaf by a filiform peduncle 3-20 mm long, a short and a long peduncle frequent¬

ly co-existing; floral bracts 1-2 mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; sepals yellow,

brown or purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, 3-4 mm long, 2.75-3.25 mm wide, 3-veined,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, 3-4 mm long

synsepal, 3-3.75 mm wide, each 2-veined, the apex obtuse, often shortly bifid; petals green, brown or

purple, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, with a slender, marginal process between the

lobes, 1-1.5 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong, truncate, with the angles often shortly

acuminate, sometimes erose, the lower lobe triangular, acute; lip purple or brown, bilaminate, blades

thin, elliptical with rounded ends, minutely ciliate, 1.5-2.25 mm long, borne at the base by short connec¬

tives, the body narrow, connate to the base of the column, the sinus obtuse with a comparatively large,

oblong, concave, ciliate appendix; column 1.5-2.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Carrasco, Sehuencas, alt. 2100 m, 13 Sept. 1993, R Ibisch 93.1103A (MO).

Also Ecuador (Pichincha, type of L. mucronata : Col Hall s.n., , K; type of L. andrenoglossa: W. James¬

on 78, K; type of L. mesochlora, W. Jameson 27, K; type of L. macroura, Sodiro 2a, destroyed at B;

Carchi, Sucumbfos, Imbabura, Napo, Pastaza, Tungurahua, Morona-Santiago, Azuay, Loja, Zamora-

Chinchipe); Colombia (Santander, Boyacd, Antioquia, Choco, Cundinamarca, Quindio, Valle del Cauca,

Cauca, Narino, Putumayo); and Peru (Pasco).

Lepanthes mucronata is one of the most frequently encountered species of the

genus in the Andes. It is exceedingly variable vegetatively, no two populations

being alike. The plants vary from small to relatively large, but always with very

slender ramicauls bearing more or less horizontal leaves. The leaves are thin and

vary from ovate, short- to long-acuminate, to narrowly ovate, and rarely to nearly

linear. A small variation with ovate leaves was recognized by Reichenbach as L.

andrenoglossa ; he recognized tall variations with narrow leaves as L. mesochlora.

The tips of the leaves are often prominently mucronate, but this feature occurs in

varying degrees in all species of the genus.

Commonly, two inflorescences lie upon the upper surface of the leaf, usually

within the central groove. Curiously, a raceme borne by a short peduncle usually

accompanies a second raceme with a twice longer peduncle. The racemes often

bear their single, brownish or greenish flower simultaneously. Double racemes are

also sometimes seen in related species. The flowers vary somewhat, especially in

the upper margin of the upper lobe of the petals, but the flower is always readily

recognized. The upper margin varies from broadly obtuse to truncate, sometimes

with the corners narrowly pointed, and sometimes erose. A narrow process, or a

third lobe, projects laterally from the margin between the two lobes. The lip is

distinct with the pair of thin, fragile blades overlying a proportionately large,

scaphoid appendix.

Lepanthes nebulina Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 355, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin nebulinis, "belonging to fog," referring to the cool, wet, foggy habitat.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3.5-9 cm long,

enclosed by 7-9 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 2.5-4 cm long

including the petiole 2-3 mm long, 10-17 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a

loose, subflexuous, successively several- to many-flowered raceme up to 15 cm long including the fili¬

form peduncle, 2-3 flowers open simultaneously; floral bracts 1.5 mm long, spiculate; pedicels 1 mm

long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals purple to yellow suffused with purple, margins minutely ciliate, otherwise

glabrous, ovate, acute, acuminate, the dorsal sepal concave, 7 mm long, 3.25 mm wide unexpanded, 3-

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals connate 2 mm, 7 mm long, 3.75 mm

wide together, each 1-veined; petals orange, suffused with purple or brown, transversely oblong, micro¬

scopically pubescent, 1 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong, rounded, the lower lobe much

smaller, triangular, curved, narrowly obtuse; lip red, minutely pubescent, the blades oblong with rounded

ends, 1.6 mm long, the connectives broadly cuneate above the middle of the blades, connate to the

column above the base, the sinus obtuse with a small, thin, slender, revolute appendix; column 1.5 mm

long, the anther and stigma apical.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2650 m, 9

Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5185 (Holotype: SEL); same area, alt. 2600 m, 26 Nov. 1978,

C. Luer, F. Fuchs et al. 3494 (SEL); same area, alt. 2500 m, 4 Feb. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez &

E. Besse 8679 (SEL); Chapare, alt. 2800 m, 12 Dec. 1989, R . Vasquez 1169 (MO); without further data,

R. Vasquez 1317 (MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species, apparently endemic in central Bolivia, is characterized by a long,

loose raceme of flowers with acuminate, minutely ciliate sepals, the lateral sepals

single-veined; obtuse petals; and a lip with oblong blades, and a tiny, slender,

revolute appendix.

Lepanthes nycteris Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 357, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek nykteris , "a bat," referring to the resemblance of the central apparatus to the

face of a star-nosed bat.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 4-7 cm long, enclosed by 7-9

minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical to subcircular, 10-23 mm

long including a 2-4 mm long petiole, 8-14 mm wide, the rounded apex minutely notched, the rounded

base abruptly contracted into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a loose, flexible, successively flowered

raceme 4-10 cm long including the filiform peduncle; floral bracts and pedicels each 1.5 mm long; ovary

1-1.5 mm long, the ribs long-papillose; sepals light rose suffused with purple, the margins and carinate

veins conspicuously lacerate externally, the dorsal sepal subcircular, shallowly concave, 13 mm long, 9

mm wide, 7-veined, the rounded apex abruptly contracted into a fine apiculum 2-3 mm long, the lateral

sepals connate ca. 10 mm into a multiangular, more or less ovate, bifid lamina 15 mm long, 7 mm wide,

abruptly and deeply concave in the basal third, forming a pair of convexities below the middle, narrowed

and pubescent in the middle third with revolute margins, the pair of apices attenuate, acute, approximate,

5 mm long, 2-veined, with the lateral vein branching into 2; petals purple, microscopically pubescent,

transversely bilobed, narrowly lunate, 0.8 mm long, 4 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong-sigmoid, obtuse,

the lower lobe falcate, acute; lip purple, long-pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1.5 mm long, 5.5 mm wide

expanded, the lobes falcate, acute, bilobed, erect to either side of the column, with the acute angle or lobe

on the anterior margin meeting with the angle from the other petal above the column, the base connate

near the base of the column, the sinus with a short, obtuse, pubescent appendix; column slender, 2.5 mm

long, the anther dorsal, the stigma subapical.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1750 m, 21

Nov. 1982, R. Vasquez & N. Williams 682 (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 8525; Chapare, between

Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1750 m, Nov. 1982, R. Vasquez 829 (MO).

La Paz: Murillo, Rio Zongo, collected by Tineke Mulder, January 1988, cultivated at Wageningen,

Holland, Sep. 1988, C. Luer 13770 (MO).

This remarkable species, endemic in Bolivia, is characterized by a long, loosely

flowered raceme of peculiar flowers with irregularly lacerate margins of the sepals.

The dorsal sepal is large, rounded, shortly apiculate and multiveined. The synsepal

is concave below a central, convex portion. Similarly shaped sepals are seen in few

other species. The lobes of the petals are narrow, more or less lunate. The unique,

erect, long-pubescent lobes of the lip are angled on the anterior margin that sur¬

rounds the protruding column behind the anther, altogether suggesting the face of

some bats.

Lepanthes orchestris Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 358, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek orchestris, "a dancer," in allusion to the dainty, tailed flowers.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, more or less horizon¬

tal, 4-7 cm long, enclosed by 8-10 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths with thin, markedly dilated ostia. Leaf

more or less pendent, coriaceous, suffused with purple beneath, elliptical, acute, acuminate, 4-5.5 cm

long, 1.2-1.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 2 mm long. Inflorescence a dense, secund, succes¬

sively flowered raceme up to 15 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 5-15 mm long;

floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 2.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals red-brown with yellow margins,

the margins minutely and distantly denticulate, the blades ovate, carinate, acute, acuminate into short,

slender tails, the dorsal sepal 6.25 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the

lateral sepals 7.5 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm; petals yellow, suffused with red, transversely

oblong with rounded ends, 1 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, broadly angled near the middle on the outer mar¬

gin, the upper lobe narrowly oblong; lip brown, glabrous, with the blades narrowly oblong, the ends

rounded, 3 mm long, microscopically ciliate at the apices, the connectives short, cuneate, connate to the

column above the middle, the appendix small, subquadrate with an equally long apiculum in contact with

a stigmatic process; column 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

La Paz: Nor Yungas, west of Coroico, alt. 2550 m, 27 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 8610

(Holotype: SEL); Nor Yungas, epiphytic in forest north of Caranavi toward Alto Beni, alt. 1550 m, 26

Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, J . Solomon, T. Mulder, D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12947 (MO); Nor

Yungas, road between Caranavi and Bella Vista, alt. 1300 m, Aug. 1991, flowered in cultivation by

Hirtz, Quito, Ecuador, Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5576 (MO); Nor Yungas, Alto Llipe, alt. 1700 m, Aug. 1991,

flowered in cultivation by Hirtz, Quito, Ecuador, Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5699 (MO).

This pretty species is distinguished by pendent, purple leaves with short racemes

of graceful, caudate flowers; transversely oblong petals; and narrowly oblong blades

of the lip, with an apiculum of the small appendix in contact with a process from the

stigma.

The species described and illustrated as Lepanthes orchestris in Lepanthes of

Ecuador is now identified as L. mimica Luer. The flowers share the same general

appearance, with denticulate, caudate, diverging sepals, but those of L. orchestris

are half again as large. Vegetatively, L. mimica is smaller, with erect ramicauls at

most 4 cm long, bearing leaves that are erect, ovate and subacute, instead of acu¬

minate and pendent.

Lepanthes oxyphylla Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 359, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek oxyphyllon , "a pointed leaf,” referring to the narrowly ovate leaf.

Plant medium in size, caespitose, epiphytic; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-7.5 cm

long, enclosed by 6-10 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths with dilated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

suffused with purple beneath, very narrowly ovate, acute, 3-5.5 cm long including the petiole 2-3 mm

long, 6-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a subdense, flexuous, successively

several-flowered raceme up to 25 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 6-12 mm

long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals bright purple, edged

in white, sparsely and minutely denticulate, ovate, acute, acuminate, the dorsal sepal 4.5 mm long,

3.25 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 4.5 mm

long, 2 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 1 mm; petals yellow, suffused with purple, glabrous, at most

microscopically cellular-pubescent, transversely oblong, 1 mm long, 2.8 mm wide, with a small obtuse

angle on the outer margin near the middle, the lobes more or less oblique, obtuse; lip yellow, suffused

with purple, glabrous, microscopically ciliate, the blades narrowly oblong, 1.75 mm long, the ends

obtuse, the connectives narrowly cuneate, the body narrow, connate to the column above the base, the

sinus deeply cleft, the appendix pubescent, ovoid basally, narrowed centrally, with a bilobed apical

segment; column 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m,

26 Nov. 1978, C. Luer, F. Fuchs et al. 3533 (Holotype: SEL); Chapare, epiphytic in forest along road

between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m, 15 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, T.

Mulder, D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12838, 12840A (MO).

La Paz: Sud Yungas, cloud forest along the Rfo Unduavi, alt. 2450 m, 6 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.

Vasquez & M. Manon 5150 (SEL).

This endemic species is notable for the narrowly ovate blades of the leaves with

shorter, flexuous, subdensely flowered racemes; sparsely, minutely denticulate

sepals; and a lip with narrowly oblong blades and an appendix with a bilobed apical

segment. Both vegetatively and florally, Lepanthes oxyphylla resembles L. hastata

Luer & Hirtz. The flower of L. oxyphylla is distinguished by its larger size; sepals

bright purple bordered with white, rather than yellow; a lip with blades flat, rather

than concave; and a deeply cleft sinus lacking the marginal angles that characterize

the equally deeply cleft sinus of L. hastata.

Lepanthes paivana Rchb.f., Xenia Orchid. 3: 26, 1881, as Lepanthes paivaeana.

Ety.: Named in honor of Sr. Castello de Paiva of Bolivia who aided Mandon in collecting plants.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-11

cm long, enclosed by 6-8 dark, ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 2-

5.5 cm long, 5-8 mm wide, cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence 1 or 2, loose, dis¬

tichous, slightly flexuous, successively several-flowered racemes up to 12 mm long, borne by a slender

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

peduncle 5-8 mm long; floral bracts dark brown, 1 mm long; pedicels 1.75 mm long; ovary 2 mm long;

sepals light green with purple veins, entire, microscopically pubescent, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate,

subacute, slightly acuminate, 5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for ca. 1

mm, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, acuminate, 4.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1-veined, connate 1

mm; petals orange, suffused with red on the margins, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed,

minutely apiculate between the lobes, 1 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1-veined, the upper lobe oblong, rounded,

1 mm long and wide, the lower lobe slightly smaller; lip orange, suffused with red, minutely pubescent,

bilaminate, the blades oblong with rounded ends, 2 mm long, with the connectives cuneate, below the

middle, the body narrow, connate to the column at the base, the appendix elliptical, ciliate, in the sinus;

column 2 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Larecaja, near Sorata, Cerro Chilieca, alt. 2900 m, Oct 1859-May, 1869, G. Mandon 1133

(Holotype: W; Isotype: NY); Nor Yungas, epiphytic in forest west of Chuspipata, alt. 3100 m, 21 Jan.

1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, J . Solomon, T. Mulder, D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12886A, 12887A

(MO); same area, alt. 2650 m, 21 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, J . Solomon, T. Mulder, D.

Mulder & A. Vogel 12898 (MO); Nor Yungas, near the pass between Coroico and La Paz, alt. 3000 m,

collected in August 1991, flowered in cultivation in Quito Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5578 (MO); Nor Yungas,

Coroico, alt. 1800 m, collected in August 1991, flowered in cultivation in Quito Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5675

(MO).

Cochabamba: Chapare, road to Villa Tunari, alt. 2600 m, 26 Nov. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, F. Fuchs et al.

3493 (SEL); Chapare, alt. 3300 m, 7 Dec. 1980, R. Vasquez 469 (MO); Chapare, 2900 m, Dec. 1981, R.

Vasquez 653 (MO); El Balconcillo, epiphytic in scrub, subpdramo trees, alt. 3200 m, 18 Nov. 1984, C.

Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 10499 (MO); Chapare, epiphytic on trees along a quebrada northeast of

Cochabamba toward Villa Tunari, alt. 3150 m, 14 Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W.

Teague 16406 (MO); old road from Cochabamba to Villa Tunari, epiphytic in cloud forest, alt. 3350 m, 1

Feb. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vasquez & D. Ric 18361 (MO).

Lepanthes paivana , not uncommon in the Andes of northern and central Bolivia,

was the first species Reichenbach described from Bolivia, in 1881. It is distin¬

guished by a medium-sized plant with acute, elliptical leaves. Short, successively

flowered racemes bear small, light green flowers with purple veins; a broadly ovate,

slightly acuminate dorsal sepal and acuminate, single-veined lateral sepals; short,

transverse petals; and a lip with oblong, pubescent blades and a ciliate appendix.

Lepanthes panicellus Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 360, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin panicellus , "a roll, a small loaf of bread," referring to the appearance of the

lobes of the lip.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 6-10 cm long,

enclosed by 7-9 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ovate, acute, acuminate, apiculate,

4-6 cm long including a petiole 3-4 mm long, 2-2.8 cm wide, the base rounded to broadly cuneate into

the petiole. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively flowered raceme up to 8 mm long, borne

behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle up to 15 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long;

ovary 2 mm long; sepals white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal triangular, acute, shortly acuminate, 6 mm

long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, acute,

shortly acuminate, connate 3 mm, 6 mm long, 5 mm wide together, each 2-veined; petals white with

purple margins, microscopically pubescent, transversely oblong, 1 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, the upper

lobe oblong, obtuse, the lower lobe smaller, broadly falcate, obtuse; lip white, microscopically pubes¬

cent, the blades lunate, convex, with rounded ends, 1 mm long, longitudinally sulcate, the connectives

broad, connate to the column below the middle by a short claw, the obtuse sinus with a short, ligulate,

pubescent appendix; column 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2500 m, 4

Feb. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & E. Besse 8673 (Holotype: SEL).

La Paz: Sud Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest along the Rio Unduavi, alt. 2450 m, 6 Feb. 1980. C. Luer,

J. Luer, R. Vasquez & M. Manon 5139 (SEL); Nor Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest east of the pass near

Chuspipata, alt. 2800 m, 27 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, L. Moreno, A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro

& W. Teague 15367 (MO).

Although closely related to many other species with a similar habit, this species

is distinguished by snow white flowers with purple-bordered petals, at least in the

specimens seen, and a lip with thick, convex, sulcate blades resembling bread rolls.

The appendix is a small, pubescent flap beneath the stigma.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes panisca Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 360, 1983.

Ety.: Named for the diminutive of Pan, Paniskos, the Greek god of the satyrs.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-6 cm long, enclosed by

7-8 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 22-25 mm long including

the petiole 4-5 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, loose,

successively few-flowered raceme up to ca. 15 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle up

to 20 mm long; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.25 mm long; sepals yellow-green

with purple veins, the veins thickened, verrucose externally, pubescent within, ovate, acute, acuminate,

concave, the margins narrowly involute, the dorsal sepal 3.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 3-veined, connate

0.75 to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals oblique, diverging, 3.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined,

connate 1 mm; petals green, suffused with purple, transversely elliptical, 1.25 mm long, 3.5 mm wide,

the upper lobe long-ciliate, triangular, the lower lobe short-ciliate, narrowly triangular, obtuse; lip green,

suffused with purple, the blades oblong, 1.6 mm long, pubescent and long-ciliate, with obtuse ends, the

connectives broadly rectangular, connate to the base of the column, the sinus protruding, subacute, tri¬

angular, shortly pubescent, shallowly cleft centrally, without an appendix; column 2 mm long, the anther

dorsal, the stigma long-protruding, apical.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1500 m,

26 Nov. 1978, C. Luer, F. Fuchs, et al. 3526 (Holotype: SEL); Chapare, alt. 1800 m,

16 Mar. 1991, R. Vdsquez, L. R. Moreno & D. Ric 1470 (MO).

La Paz: Larecaja, Unutuluni, alt. 1500 m, collected in August 1991, flowered in cultivation in Quito,

Ecuador, A. Hirtz 5703 (MO).

Lepanthes panisca is characterized by a loose raceme that surpasses the tip of a

small, elliptical leaf. The margins of the single-veined lateral sepals are narrowly

involute, exposing the exterior, verrucose surface, the interior being pubescent. The

margins of the lateral sepals of L. ringens Luer & Hirtz are similarly involute. The

petals of L. panisca are large with triangular lobes. The long-ciliate blades of the

lip are borne above the column by unusually broad connectives that form a triangu¬

lar, protruding margin beneath a snoutlike protrusion of the column that bears the

stigma at the tip.

Lepanthes papilio Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 361, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin papilio, "a butterfly," in allusion to the proportionately large pair of petals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-6 cm long, enclosed by

5-6 microscopically scabrous lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ovate, acute, 2-3 cm

long, 0.7-0.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1.5 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, dis¬

tichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 7 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform

peduncle 8-10 mm long; floral bracts 0.75 mm long, minutely muriculate; pedicels 1.25 mm long; ovary

2.5 mm long; sepals yellow-orange, glabrous, ovate, subacute, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 2 mm wide,

3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals connate 1 mm, 2.25 mm long, 2.5

mm wide together, each 2-veined; petals proportionately large, bright orange, cellular-pubescent, trans¬

versely oblong, 1.25 mm long, 3 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong, subtruncate, the lower lobe obtusely

triangular, smaller; lip bright rose, cellular-pubescent, the blades obovate, convex, 1.33 mm long, the

ends rounded, the connectives and body narrow, verrucose, connate to the base of the lip, the appendix

large, pubescent, flaplike, concave, hinged from the sinus; column 1.33 mm long, the anther dorsal, the

stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m, 26

Nov. 1978, C. Luer, F. Fuchs et al. 3532 (Holotype: SEL); Carrasco, Sehuencas, alt. 2100 m, 15 Dec.

1993, R & C. Ibisch 93.1967 (MO); old road from Villa Tunari to Cochabamba, epiphytic in wet forest,

alt. 1650 m, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vdsquez & D. Ric 18333 (MO).

This Bolivian "butterfly" species with narrowly ovate leaves and short, congest¬

ed racemes is distinguished by small, brightly colored flowers. The petals are

proportionately large, resembling the wings of a butterfly. The appendix of the lip

is large, ovoid and pubescent, filling the broad sinus.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes pileata Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 363, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin pileatus, "with a cap," referring to the appearance of the concave dorsal sepal.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3.5-9 cm long,

enclosed by 8-9 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 20-33 mm

long including the 2-3 mm long petiole, 10-15 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence

a loose, subflexuous, several to many-flowered raceme up to 20 cm long including the filiform peduncle,

flowers small, 2-3 open simultaneously; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 0.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm

long; sepals yellow, suffused with purple centrally, the dorsal sepal ovate, deeply concave, cucullate,

acute, acuminate, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide unexpanded, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5

mm, the lateral sepals 1-veined, connate 3 mm into a triangular lamina, 5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the

surface cellular-pubescent, the margins narrowly involute, split at the acute apex into two approximate

tails 1.5 mm long; petals red, transversely oblong, microscopically pubescent, 0.5 mm long, 1.75 mm

wide, the upper lobe oblong, rounded, the lower lobe much smaller, triangular; lip red, microscopically

pubescent, the blades oblong with rounded ends, the connectives cuneate, connate to the column near the

middle, the appendix minutely pubescent, minutely bilobed at the sinus with a third lobule beneath;

column 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2650 m, 9

Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez 5184 (Holotype: SEL); same area, alt. 2500 m, 26 Nov. 1978, C.

Luer, F. Fuchs et at. 3566 (SEL); road to Tablas Montes, wet cloud forest, alt. 2550 m, 27 Nov. 1999, S.

Dalstrom, J. Sonnemark & R. Burian 2417 (MO).

Lepanthes pileata , apparently endemic in Bolivia, is recognized by a long

raceme of small flowers with a pointed, caplike dorsal sepal; a bifid synsepal with

narrowly involute margins; small, transverse petals; and oblong blades of the lip

with a minute trilobulate appendix. It is the only species related to L. complicata

Luer with the lateral sepals deeply connate to form a triangular lamina.

Lepanthes pilosa Luer & R.Vasquez, Rev. Soc. Boliv. Bot. 2(1): 21, 1998.

Ety: From the Latin pilosus , "hairy," referring to the apices of the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 15-28 mm long, en¬

closed by 5-6 lepanthiform sheaths with long-ciliate ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical,

obtuse to rounded, 8-10 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, contracted below into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a loose, successively several- to many-flowered raceme up to 7 cm long including the peduncle

ca. 1 cm long; floral bracts 1 mm long, spiculate; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long,

sparsely spiculate; sepals long-ciliate, carinate-spiculate, the dorsal sepal brown with the outer fourth

yellow, ovate-triangular, acute, acuminate into a slender tail 3 mm long, the blade 4 mm long, 3.75

mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 mm, the lateral sepals yellow with the inner

third red-brown, ovate, oblique, acute, 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 1.5 mm, with a

slender tail 3.5 mm long; petals purple-brown, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1 mm

long, 3.5 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong, obtuse, convex, the lower lobe triangular, acute; lip pur¬

ple-brown, bilaminate, the blades microscopically pubescent, oblong with the ends rounded, convex, 1

mm long, the apices long-pubescent, the connectives short, triangular-cuneate, with the body connate

to the column near the stigma, the sinus obtuse with the appendix arising externally, oblong, pubes¬

cent; column 1 mm long, very slender, with the anther dorsal and the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1750 m, 31 Jan.

1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague 18349 (Holotype: MO), 18342 (MO).

With a long, loose inflorescence, and a long, very slender column, this species is

closely allied to Lepanthes vespa Luer & R.Vasquez, but it is distinguished by

slender-tailed, long-ciliate sepals. The apices of the lateral sepals of L. vespa are

acuminate, and the dorsal sepal has smooth margins. The apices of the blades of the

lip of L. pilosa are long-pubescent, while the blades of the lip of L. vespa are only

microscopically pubescent.

36 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes profusa Luer & Hirtz, Die Orchidee 41: 10, 1990.

Ety: From the Latin profusus, "profuse," referring to the multiple, simultaneous inflorescences.

Plant large, epiphytic, shortly ascending, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 10-40 cm

long, enclosed by 10-14 glabrous, closely fitting lepanthiform sheaths, microscopically ciliate on the

margins of the upper ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, acute, slightly acuminate, 7-12 cm

long, 2-5 cm wide, the base rounded or broadly cuneate, contracted into a petiole 3-6 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a successively many-flowered raceme, loosely flowered below, congested above, up to 5 cm long

including the peduncle 1.5-2 cm long, borne behind the leaf; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm

long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals pale yellow, denticulate, carinate, ovate-triangular, acute, slightly

acuminate, the dorsal sepal 6-7 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5-2

mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 6.5-7 mm long, 3 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 1.5-2.5 mm; petals yellow

with a red inner margin, glabrous, transversely bilobed, 1-1.5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, narrowed

between the lobes, the lobes subequal, the upper lobe broadly ovate, the lower lobe oblong, narrower,

with the ends rounded; lip bilaminate, the blades red-purple, elliptical, concave-sloping above the mid¬

dle, 2.25 mm long, glabrous, the rounded apices ciliate, the connectives shortly cuneate, the body broad,

connate to the base of the column, the sinus obtuse, with a minute, biglandular appendix; column 1.5

mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in forest along road between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt.

2800 m, 18 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, T. Mulder, D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12880 (MO).

Also Ecuador (Loja, type: C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10751 , MO; Zamora-Chinchipe).

This large, robust species, found in high altitude cloud forest in central Bolivia

and southeastern Ecuador, has not yet been identified from Peru. It is identified by

tall, stout ramicauls clad in essentially glabrous, non-dilated lepanthiform sheaths;

elliptical-ovate, acuminate leaves; short inflorescences laxly flowered below,

becoming congested above; denticulate, broad but acuminate sepals; glabrous,

bilobed petals with a constriction near the middle; and a lip with elliptical, concave-

sloping blades, ciliate at the apex, and with a minute, biglandular appendix.

This species was considered to be synonymous with Lepanthes caudatisepala

C.Schweinf., but recent examination of preserved specimens argues for maintaining

separate species. Both are known from Cochabamba, Bolivia. The pedicels of L.

caudatisepala are approximately twice as long as the subtending bracts; those of L.

profusa are about the same length as the bracts. Lepanthes caudatisepala is distin¬

guished by entire sepals and a lip with flat blades, rather than denticulate sepals and

a concave slope of the blades of the lip as in L. profusa.

Lepanthes ptyxis Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 365, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek ptyxis , "a fold," referring to the folded margins of the lateral sepals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-7 cm long, enclosed by

4-7 long-ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused with purple beneath, elliptical,

acute, 17-27 mm long including a petiole 2-3 mm long, 7-15 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into the

petiole. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 10 mm long,

borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 3-7 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long, lightly muricate;

pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long, sparsely papillose; sepals red-orange to yellow suffused

with purple, spiculate along the margins and externally, the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, acute, acu¬

minate, 4.5-6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide unexpanded, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for ca. 1 mm,

the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, acuminate, connate 1 mm, 4.5-6.5 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide

together, each 1-veined, the lateral margins acutely folded over the surface of the blades about one-fourth

the width, the edges of the folds as well as the margins and carinae spiculate; petals yellow with red to

purple margins, microscopically pubescent, transversely oblong, 1 mm long, 3.4 mm wide, the ends

rounded, the lower lobe slightly smaller; lip red-purple, microscopically pubescent, the blades ovate-

oblong, 2 mm long, the apices narrowly obtuse and incurved beneath the apex of the column, the bases

rounded, the connectives broadly cuneate, connate to the base of the lip, the sinus protuberant and round¬

ed with a minute, rounded appendix at the summit; column 2 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

La Paz: Sud Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest along the Rio Unduavi, alt. 2450 m, 6 Feb. 1980, C.

Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez & M. Manon 5140 (Holotype: SEL); Nor Yungas, lower cloud

forest, 13.2 km northeast of Chuspipata (16.5 km S of Yolosa), alt. 2150 m, 19 July 1982, J.C.

Solomon 8082 (MO); Murillo, epiphytic in trees along Rio Zongo, alt. 2800 m, 30 Jan. 1988, C.

Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez, J . Solomon, T. Mulder, D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12964 (MO); Bautista

Saavedra, epiphytic in trees along the river below Charazani, alt. 2550 m, 19 Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Vdsquez, D. Ric, J. del Hierro & W. Teague 16441, 16444 (MO); same area, alt. 2250 m, 20

Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez, D. Ric, J. del Hierro & W. Teague 16456 (MO); Murillo,

epiphytic in trees along Rio Zongo, alt. 2750-2900 m, 22 Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez, D.

Ric & W. Teague 16471, 16476 (MO).

With acutely folded, lateral margins of ovate lateral sepals that reveal the spicu-

late, exterior surface, Lepanthes ptyxis resembles L. crista-piscis Luer & R.Vas¬

quez. In both, the folded margins of the lateral sepals extend only about a fourth of

the distance to the inner margin, as compared to the marked folding for nearly the

entire width in L. complicata Luer. Lepanthes ptyxis is best distinguished from L.

crista-piscis by a lip with a thick, protuberant, rounded margin of the body with a

small, rounded appendix at the summit, while the latter has a microscopic appendix

within an acutely cleft sinus.

Lepanthes puck Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 367, 1983.

Ety.: Named for Puck, a mischievous elf.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-5 cm long, enclosed

by 4-6 close, minutely ciliate-scabrous lepanthiform sheaths, Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical,

acute, 12-23 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, the base cuneate into a 1 mm long petiole. Inflorescence an erect,

subdense, distichous raceme up to 10 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 6-9 mm

long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 2.3 mm long; sepals light yellow, glabrous,

narrowly ovate, acute, acuminate, the dorsal sepal 6.5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1 mm

to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals oblique, connate 1.5 mm, 6 mm long, 4.25 mm wide together, each

2-veined; petals bright red, cellular-pubescent, transversely oblong, 1 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the upper

lobe subquadrate, truncate, the lower lobe ovate, obtuse; lip bright red, cellular-pubescent, the blades

ovate, the apices obscurely notched, the bases rounded, the connectives narrow, from the bases of the

blades, connate to the base of the column, the appendix narrowly triangular, pubescent, protruding from

the sinus; column 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2500 m, 4

Feb. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez & E. Besse 8672 (Holotype: SEL); Chapare, epiphytic in forest

along road between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m, 15 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vds¬

quez, T. Mulder, D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12837 (MO); same area, 18 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.

Vdsquez, T. Mulder, D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12869 (MO); new road from Villa Tunari to Cochabamba,

epiphytic in wet forest, alt. 1750 m, 31 Jan. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vdsquez & D. Ric

18347{ MO).

La Paz: Murillo, epiphytic in trees along the Rio Zongo, alt. 1550 m, 25 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.

Vdsquez, L. Moreno, A. Hirtz, J . del Hierro & W. Teague 15357 (MO); Nor Yungas, epiphytic in cloud

forest east of the pass near Chuspipata, alt. 2800 m, 27 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez, L.

Moreno, A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro & W. Teague 15364 (MO); Nor Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest bet¬

ween Chuspipata and Corioco, alt. 1800 m, 27 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez, L. Moreno, A.

Hirtz, J . del Hierro & W. Teague 15373 (MO); Nor Yungas, epiphytic in forest northeast of Caranavi,

alt. 1300 m, 31 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez, L. Moreno, A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro & W. Teague

15391 (MO).

This dainty little plant with narrowly elliptical leaves and short inflorescences is

most notable for the flowers with acuminate sepals and a protruding lip and column,

petals with the upper lobes truncate, and a lip with ovate blades borne along the

column by narrow connectives from the bases. The slender, pubescent appendix

protrudes from the sinus below the base of the column. Superficially, Lepanthes

puck resembles L. microphallica Luer, but the latter has broader leaves, acute se¬

pals, and a lip with oblong blades and a minute, oblong appendix.

38 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes recurva Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 7: 114, 1992.

Ety.: From the Latin recurvus, "recurved," referring to the short, recurved inflorescence.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 10-15 cm long,

enclosed by 10-12 dark lepanthiform sheaths with dilated, ciliated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, often

suffused with purple, elliptical, acute, 5-7 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 3-5

mm long. Inflorescence a loose, successively few-flowered raceme ca. 1 cm long including the arcuate

peduncle ca. 0.5 cm long; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals

translucent light yellow, suffused with purple along the veins as stripes, carinate, microscopically ciliate,

the dorsal sepal triangular, acute, 8 mm long, 4.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for

1.5 mm, the lateral sepals triangular, acute, 8 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 1-veined, connate 1 mm; petals

purple, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1.25 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, the lobes more or

less oblong, oblique and inflexed, about equal in size; lip bilaminate, purple, the blades pubescent,

oblong, 2- 3 mm long, the connectives short, cuneate, the body narrow, connate to the base of the col¬

umn, the sinus acute with an oblong, pubescent appendix, bifid at the apex; column stout, 2 mm long,

the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, epiphytic in forest between Chuspipata and Coroico, alt. 2000 m, collected in Aug.

1991 by A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro & W. Teague, flowered in cultivation in Quito, Ecuador, Dec. 1991, A.

Hirtz 5660 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 16202.

This species is distinguished by the medium-sized plant with purplish, acute,

elliptical leaves and a short, few-flowered inflorescence that curves downward from

the apex of the ramicaul. The acute sepals are yellow and striped in purple. The

petals are obliquely bilobed, and in the specimen examined and illustrated the tips

of the lower lobes of the petals were incurved in the only collection known. The

oblong blades of the lip are pubescent with short connectives that produce an acute

sinus with an oblong, bifid appendix.

Lepanthes ringens Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 7: 118, 1992.

Ety.: From the Latin ringens , "gaping," referring to the appearance of the lip.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-6 cm

long, enclosed by 6-8 long-pubescent lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical,

acute, 25-35 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 3 mm long. Inflorescence a sub-

dense, successively several-flowered raceme up to 25 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform

peduncle 10 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals trans¬

lucent, suffused with rose, carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, subacute, lightly acuminate, 3 mm long, 1.75

mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals muricate externally, ovate,

oblique, concave in the outer half, convex in the inner half, 3 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 1-veined, connate

1 mm, with the lateral margins involute, the apices subacute, contracted into thickened tail-like apicula;

petals orange-brown, pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lobes narrowly

triangular, about equal in size; lip bilaminate, the blades orange-brown, pubescent, ovoid, 0.7 mm long,

the connectives subquadrate, the body connate to the base of the column, the sinus broadly expanded

anteriorly into a rounded lobe; column stout, 1.5 mm long, the anther and the stigma apical.

La Paz: Larecaja, southwest of Tipuani, epiphytic in forest remnant above Unutuluni, alt. 1150 m, 29

Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, A. Hirtz, J . del Hierro & W. Teague 15379 (Holotype: MO);

Nor Yungas, alt. 1600 m, 3 Apr. 2000, 1 Kromer. & C. Acebey 986 (MO).

This species exhibits a feature peculiar to the species of Bolivian Lepanthes

relared to Lepanthes complicata Luer. The outer margins of the lateral sepals are

involute to expose the muriculate exterior. Lepanthes ringens is allied to L. panisca

Luer & R. Vasquez; both possess a protuberant, anterior margin of the body of the

lip without an obvious appendix. In L. ringens this broad, liplike margin is much

larger and round, giving the impression of a gaping mouth.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes rupicola Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 485, 1913.

Ety.: From the Latin rupicola , "dwelling on rocks," referring to a habitat of the species.

Plant very small, epiphytic to lithophytic fide Herzog, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

erect, slender, 20-30 mm long, enclosed by 3-4 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 12-17 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, cuneate below into

a petiole 2 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, successively flowered raceme 4 or more cm long, borne

beyond the leaf by a slender peduncle ca. 1 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long;

ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals light yellow, suffused with purple along the veins, the dorsal sepal entire,

ovate-triangular, acute, acuminate, 7.5 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral

sepals for less than 1 mm, the lateral sepals with long, purple cilia, ovate, oblique, acute, acuminate, 7

mm long, 2.4 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 2 mm; petals minute, minutely pubescent, transversely

bilobed, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, the lobes triangular, incurved, rounded at the tips; lip

bilaminate, the blades narrowly crescent-shaped, ciliate, with acute ends, 1.75 mm long, embracing

the column, with the connectives cuneate, from near the middle, the body broad, connate to the

column above the base, the appendix minute, ovoid, ciliate; column terete, 4 mm long, with the anther

and stigma apical.

Santa Cruz: mossy rocks at lake near Comarapa, alt. ca. 2000 m, Apr, 1911, Th. Herzog 2163 (Holotype

destroyed at B); near Comarapa, alt. 2500 m, 1 Dec. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & F. Fuchs 3579 , (Neotype,

here designated, SEL); Manuel Maria Caballero, alt. 2530 m, 18 Jan. 1983, R. Vasquez, C. Luer & J.

Luer 690 { MO).

This very small species, from near the southern extremity of the Andes, is

characterized by little, elliptical leaves with rounded tips that are far surpassed by a

loose, flexible, successively flowered raceme. The sepals are acuminate, the later¬

als denticulate with long, purple cilia; the petals are minute; and the narrowly cres¬

cent-shaped blades of the lip embrace a proportionately long, terete column.

Lepanthes schoonenii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Jan Schoonen, formerly of Putti, Holland, who collected and cultivated this species.

Species haec Lepanthidis falcatae Luer & R. Vasquez affinis, sed sepalo dorsali latiore, sepalis la-

tioribus nondivergentibus, petalorum lobo inferiore subnullo et labello unguiculato lobis triangularibus

columnam amplectentibus differt.

Plant vegetative material lacking; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals light yellow, suffused with brown

centrally, margins spiculate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, acuminate into a tail 2 mm long, 8 mm long

including the tail, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals ca. 1 mm, the lateral sepals

narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, acuminate into a tail 3 mm long, 10 mm long including the tail, 2.5 mm

wide, 1-veined, connate ca. 0.5 mm; petals orange, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.5

mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the upper lobe erect, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 3 mm long, the lower lobe 0.5

mm long, oblique; lip orange, microscopically pubescent, bilobed, the lobes triangular with acute angles,

surrounding the column, 2.2 mm long, 2.2 mm wide expanded, each lobe 1.25 mm long and wide, the

bases connate into a claw 1 mm long beneath the column, the body narrow with a minute, external,

decurved appendix, the claw connate to the base of the column; column terete, 3 mm long, the anther

and the stigma apical.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, collected near Chuspipata, alt. 3200 m, by J. Schoonen, flowered in cultivation at

Putti, Holland, April 1994, J. Schoonen s.n. (Holotype of L. schoonenii : MO), C. Luer illustr. 17172.

This species was collected by Jan Schoonen and cultivated by him at his home

in the Netherlands. Probably the plant was too small to permit more than a flower

to be sent for identification, because no further vegetative material was preserved.

The flower seems most closely allied to Lepanthes falcata Luer & R.Vasquez.

Lepanthes schoonenii differs from L. falcata in a broader dorsal sepal, more or

less as wide as the two lateral sepals combined, with the lateral sepals diverging less

than 45° from the perpendicular axis, rather than being approximately the same

width as a lateral sepal, with the apices of the lateral sepals diverging 90°; petals

with an upper lobe approximately four times the length of the minute lower lobe,

rather than lobes subequal in length; and a lip with triangular, rather than sickle¬

shaped, lobes.

40 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes scolops Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 371, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek skolops, "a thorn, or anything pointed," referring to the long, acuminate, spicu-

late sepals.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-10

cm long, enclosed by 6-8 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths with markedly dilated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

suffused with purple beneath, elliptical-ovate, acute, 21-35 mm long including the petiole 2-3 mm long,

9-13 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, fractiflex, successively flowered

raceme up to 35 mm long including the filiform peduncle ca. 10 mm long, approaching the leaf in length;

floral bracts 1.5 mm long, spiculate; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1.75 mm long, papillose; sepals light

green suffused with red, or brown, widely spread, free to near the base, carinate-spiculate externally, the

dorsal sepal ovate, concave, acute, acuminate, 7.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

narrowly triangular, concave with narrowly involute margins, acute, acuminate, 8 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide, 1-veined; petals yellow to brown, transversely oblong, 1 mm long, 4 mm wide, the lobes narrowly

obtuse, slightly curved; lip yellow, suffused with red, cellular-pubescent, the blades ovate, 1.3 mm long,

shortly obtuse at the apices, with bases rounded, the connectives broad, curved forward with a protuber¬

ant, rounded sinus, cleft centrally, with the appendix a minute, pubescent lobule at the apex, connate to

the column above the base; column 2.75 mm long, the clavate apex protruding beyond the lip, the anther

and stigma apical.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2650 m, 9

Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vdsquez 5187 (Holotype: SEL); Chapare, alt. 2750 m, 27 Dec. 1990, R.

Vdsquez., M.L Vdsquez & Ma.E. Vdsquez 1311 (MO); Chapare, epiphytic in humid forest northeast of

Cochabamba toward Villa Tunari, alt. 2700 m, 14 Nov. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R . Vdsquez, D. Ric & W.

Teague 16423 (MO).

La Paz: Sud Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest along Rio Unduavi, alt. 2450 m, 6 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Vdsquez & M. Manon 5141 (SEL).

The flowers of this species are similar to those of Lepanthes fale at a Luer &

R.Vasquez, but the blades of the lip of L. scolops are well-developed and ovate; and

the connectives are also well-developed with a prominent, protruding sinus with a

minute, pubescent appendix at the summit.

Lepanthes serriola Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 373, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin serriolus , "with little serrations," referring to the denticulate sepals.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-9 cm long,

enclosed by 7-9 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused with purple

beneath, ovate, elliptical, acute, 2.5-3 cm long, 1-1.4 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 2 mm long.

Inflorescence a subdense, flexuous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 30 mm long including

the filiform peduncle 3-5 mm long; floral bracts and pedicels each 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long, sparse¬

ly papillose; sepals light red-purple, edged in yellow, denticulate, carinate-spiculate. ovate, acuminate,

shortly caudate, the dorsal sepal concave, 5.2 mm long, 2.6 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1 mm to the

lateral sepals, the lateral sepals oblique, 5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 1 mm; petals

orange, edged in red, minutely pubescent, transversely oblong, 1.25 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the ends

rounded, the upper lobe oblong, larger, the lower lobe narrowly oblong; lip red, glabrous, at most micro¬

scopically cellular-pubescent, the blades elliptical, 2 mm long, the apices narrowly obtuse, the bases

rounded, the connectives cuneate, connected to the column above the base, the sinus cleft with a minute,

pubescent, ligulate appendix; column 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 2650 m, 9

Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vdsquez 5186 (Holotype: SEL); epiphytic in forest north of Siberia, alt.

2470 m, 5 Feb. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vdsquez & D. Ric 18404 (MO).

Santa Cruz: around Fortaleza between Comarapa and Siberia, alt. 2500 m, 15 Jan. 1965, S. Vogel 506

(WU).

This species, apparently endemic in central Bolivia, is distinguished by a flexu¬

ous raceme nearly as long as the elliptical leaf; denticulate, ovate, shortly caudate

sepals; and a lip with elliptical blades and a minute, ligulate appendix emerging

from a cleft sinus.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes sillarensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 486, 1913.

Ety.: Named for Bolivian Mount Sillar, where this species was collected.

Syn: Lepanthes ligulata Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 7: 111, 1992.

Ety: From the Latin ligulatus, ’’with a tongue," referring to the appearance of the appendix.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 cm long, enclosed

by 5-6 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf spreading to suberect, thinly coriaceous, elliptical,

acute, 16-21 mm long, 7-8 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a succes¬

sively several-flowered raceme up to 30 mm long, loosely flowered below to more or less secund and

densely flowered above, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 7-10 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm

long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals pale yellow, more or less suffused with rose,

carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, lightly acuminate, 3.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate

to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, subacute, shortly acuminate, oblique, 3 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 0.6 mm; petals rose to purple, microscopically pubescent, trans¬

versely bilobed, 0.75 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the lobes oblong with rounded ends, bent obliquely

inward, the upper lobe larger than the lower; lip bilaminate, the laminae rose to purple, cellular-glandu¬

lar, oblong with rounded ends, 1 mm long, the connectives narrow, the body connate to the base of the

column, the sinus broad with a deflexed, triangular appendix; column terete, arcuate, 1.5 mm long, the

anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: on tree trunk at the top of Mt. Sillar, alt. 1750 m, Feb. 1911, Th. Herzog 1638 (Holotype of L.

sillarensis destroyed at B, A. Hirtz 5572, Neotype, here designated: MO). Nor Yungas, epiphytic in

forest between Caranavi and Bella Vista, alt. 1300 m, collected in Aug. 1991 by A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro &

W. Teague, flowered in cultivation in Quito, Ecuador, Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5572 (holotype of L. ligulata :

MO), C. Luer illustr. 16204; same collection data, A. Hirtz 5577, 5680 (MO).

Cochabamba: new road from Villa Tunari to Cochabamba, epiphytic in wet forest, alt. 1750 m, 31 Jan.

1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague, R. Vdsquez & D. Ric 18345, 18350 (MO).

Lepanthes sillarensis , one of the earliest species to be described from Bolivia,

was published by Schlechter in 1913. Although parts of the original description are

inscrutable, it seems clear that the species described as L. ligulata Luer & Hirtz is a

synonym. Lepanthes sillarensis is distinguished by a small, weak habit and an

inflorescence that eventually surpasses the leaf, although Schlechter’s original

specimen probably had an early inflorescence. The inflorescence is distantly flow¬

ered below, becoming densely flowered and more or less secund above. The sepals

are glabrous and shortly acuminate. The lobes of the petals are oblong, with upper

lobes overlapping. The arcuate column, with the smaller blades of the lip borne on

top, stands erect in the center of the flower. This distinctive, proportionally long,

decurved column is clearly illustrated in Schlechter’s drawing. The appendix is a

triangular, tonguelike structure that protrudes downwards from the narrow body

near the base of the column.

Lepanthes usitata Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 375, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin usitatus , "usual, familiar," referring to the lack of any unusual floral or .pml6

vegetative character.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 25-35 mm long, enclosed

by 4-5 shortly ciliate-scabrous lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ovate, subacute, 15-17 mm

long, 8 mm wide, the rounded base contracted into a petiole 1.5 mm long. Inflorescence a dense, dis¬

tichous, successively flowered raceme up to 5 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 3-4

mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 0.75 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals dull purple, dorsal

sepal glabrous, broadly ovate-triangular, concave, acute, acuminate, 4.25 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, lateral sepals minutely pubescent within, ovate, acute,

acuminate, connate 1 mm, 4.25 mm long, 3 mm wide together, each 1-veined; petals minutely pubes¬

cent, transversely bilobed, 0.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, the upper lobe broadly oblong, rounded, the lower

lobe narrowly oblong, obtuse; lip purple, the blades minutely pubescent, ovate, 1.25 mm long, the apices

narrowly obtuse, the bases rounded, the connectives oblong, connate to the column above the middle, the

sinus cleft with a small, Iigulate, decurved, glabrous appendix; column 1.25 mm long, the anther dorsal,

the stigma ventral.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Santa Cruz: epiphytic in cloud forest near Siberia, alt. 2500 m, 1 Dec. 1978, C. Luer, F. Fuchs et al.

3595 (Holotype: SEL); around Fortaleza between Comarapa and Sibiria, alt. 2500 m, 15 Jan. 1965, S.

Vogel 507 (WU); Manuel Maria Caballero, Siberia, cloud forest, between Comarapa and Cochabamba,

alt. 2550 m, 4-6 Nov. 2003, LG. Vargas & C.G. Jordan 7007 (MO).

This little species possesses no single, distinctive feature, but a combination of

all the seemingly usual, non-outstanding, morphological characters distinguish

Lepanthes usitata : a small size with ovate leaves; the short, dense inflorescence;

ovate sepals, with the dorsal sepal concave and the lateral sepals minutely pubes¬

cent and one-veined; unequally bilobed petals, with the upper lobe larger than the

lower; and the lip with a minute, glabrous appendix. It resembles the equally

unremarkable L. brevis Luer & R.Vasquez, but the inflorescence of the latter is

loose, bearing flowers with glabrous sepals.

Lepanthes vasquezii Luer, Phytologia 54: 375, 1983.

Ety.: Named in honor of Roberto Vasquez Ch., investigator and artist of orchids of Bolivia.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-9 cm long,

enclosed by 5-7 close, glabrous to microscopically scabrous lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, elliptical, subacute, 3.5-4 cm long including the 3-4 mm long petiole, 1.8-2.2 cm wide, lightly

suffused with purple beneath, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a weak, loose, secund,

few-flowered raceme 13-18 cm long including the slender peduncle, 2-3 flowers open simultaneously;

floral bracts 2.5 mm long; pedicels 5-6 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long, costate; sepals light green, suf¬

fused with brown centrally, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, acute, long-acuminate, 16 mm

long, 6 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 mm, the lateral sepals connate to about

the middle into a narrowly triangular, acute lamina 19 mm long, 4 mm wide, the attenuate apices approx¬

imate, each 2-veined; petals dark green, minutely pubescent, unequally bilobed, 1.75 mm long, 5 mm

wide, the upper lobe broadly ovate to rounded, the lower lobe much smaller, narrowly oblong, obtuse; lip

blue-green, minutely pubescent, the blades elliptical with rounded ends, 1.6 mm long, the inner margins

ciliate, the connectives short, from the bases of the blades, connate to the column above the middle, the

appendix pubescent, narrowly oblong-sigmoid; column 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ven¬

tral.

La Paz: lnquisivi, epiphytic in cloud forest between lnquisivi and Circuata, alt. 2550 m, 27 Jan. 1981, C.

Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5801 (Holotype: SEL, Isotype: Herb. Vasquezianum 823).

Known from only one collection, this showy species with a long, few-flowered

raceme of large, gaping flowers with long-acuminate sepals is similar to Lepanthes

ionoptera Rchb.f., and it may eventually be proven to be a variation. Vegetatively

larger, L. vasquezii differs with a concave, twice broader dorsal sepal. The upper

lobe of the petals is broader with a rounded tip, and the lower lobe is narrowly

oblong. The upper lobe of the petals of L. ionoptera is narrowly ovate, amd the

lower lobe is obliquely triangular. The lips of the two species are similar with

oblong blades and an appendix with a teminal segment.

Lepanthes versicolor Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 55: 195, 1984.

Ety.: From the Latin versicolor , "of various colors," referring to the variation of colors seen in

the flowers.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots numerous, filiform. Ramicauls slender,

erect, 8-23 cm long, enclosed by 9-16 ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, ellipti¬

cal, 5.5-8 cm long, 1.6-2.7 cm wide, the apex acute, acuminate, the base obtuse, contracted into a petiole

3-4 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, successively flowered raceme up to 3 cm long, borne behind

the leaf by a filiform peduncle up to 4 cm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1.25 mm long; ovary 3

mm long; sepals translucent rose to yellow, glabrous, ovate, acuminate, acute, the dorsal sepal triangu¬

lar-ovate, 7-12 mm long, 3-4.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1-2 mm, the lateral

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

sepals oblique, connate 2-3.5 mm, 7-11.5 mm long, 4.75-7 mm wide together, each 2-veined; petals

yellow to orange, suffused with red to purple, pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1-1.75 mm long, 4-5.25

mm wide, the lobes subequal, obliquely triangular; lip purple, the blades ovate with rounded ends,

pubescent, 2.25 mm long, the connectives cuneate, the body attached to the end of the ovary with the

column, the appendix oblong, 0.5 mm long, long-pubescent at the apex; column 2 mm long, the anther

dorsal, the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1850 m, 17

Jan. 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 9382 (Holotype: SEL); Chapare, 100 km between Cochabamba

and Villa Tunari, alt. 1750-1850 m, 21 Nov. 1982, R. Vasquez, N. Williams & F. Thompson 685 (MO);

same area, 29 Jan, 1984, R. Vasquez et al. 889 (LPB); Chapare, epiphytic in forest along road between

Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m, 15 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, T. Mulder, D.

Mulder & A. Vogel 12836 (MO); Chapare, collected by Janet Kuhn, Dec. 1978, flowered in cultivation

by Phil Jesup in Bristol, Connecticut, 10 Dec. 1988, C. Luer 13834 (MO); Tiraque, El Limbo, alt. 2000

m, 19 Aug. 2003, S. Altamirano, E. Zurita, T. Camacho, M. Aliaga, M. Alem & A. Lacaze 1226 (MO).

Locally abundant in one area of cloud forest in Chapare, Lepanthes versicolor

has also been found in the neighboring province of Tiraque. One of the largest

flowered of Bolivian species of Lepanthes , the acuminate sepals sometimes attain a

length of 12 millimeters, or both for 22 millimeters in an expanded flower. Two or

three flowers mature simultaneously, and fruit is frequently formed.

Lepanthes vespa Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 377, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin vespa, "a wasp," referring to the wasplike shaft of the column.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed

by 4-7 close, minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical, obtuse, 12-

14 mm long including the 1.5 mm long petiole, 6-8 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into the petiole.

Inflorescence a weak, loose, lightly flexuous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 5 cm long;

floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 0.75 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent pale rose, the

dorsal sepal ovate, acute, acuminate, 6.5 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, the margins slightly irregular, 3-

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, acute, acuminate, connate 3 mm, 6

mm long, 4.25 mm wide together, each 2-veined, the margins long-ciliate; petals rose, suffused with tan,

microscopically pubescent, transversely oblong, 1 mm long, 5.25 mm wide, the upper lobe triangular-

subfalcate, acute, the lower lobe triangular-acute, acuminate; lip rose, suffused with tan, microscopically

pubescent, the blades oblong with obtuse ends, 1.3 mm long, the connectives short, cuneate, connate to

the column below the stigma, the appendix narrowly ligulate, pubescent; column 2 mm long, the apical

half dilated with the dorsal anther larger than usual, and the stigma ventral, the lower half of the column

extremely slender.

Santa Cruz: epiphytic in cloud forest near Siberia, alt. 2500 m, 1 Dec. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, F. Fuchs

et al 3591 (Holotype: SEL); Manuel Maria Caballero, Yungas de Santa Rosa, 1 Feb. 1992, R. Vasquez,

L.R. Moreno & D. Ric 1577 (MO); Manuel Maria Caballero, Siberia, below La Fortaleza, 22 July 1995,

R. Vasquez 2534 (MO); near Khara Huasi, in wet cloud forest, alt. 2300 m, 22 Nov. 1999, S. Dalstrom, J.

Sonnemark & R. Burian 2400 (MO).

This species is most remarkable for the extremely slender shaft of the column

supporting the seemingly oversized anther and stigma, and the surrounding lip. The

column is reminiscent of the waist of a wasp. Among several others, Lepanthes

pilosa Luer & R.Vasquez shares this characteristic column, but the flowers of L.

vespa are distinguished by acuminate tips of the sepals without caudae, and the

long-ciliate margins of the sepals are limited to the lateral sepals.

Lepanthes vogelii Luer & R.Vasquez, Lindleyana 6: 83, 1991.

Ety.: Named in honor of Artur Vogel, former curator of living orchids, Vrije Universitat, Amster¬

dam, Holland, co-discoverer of this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-4 cm long, enclosed

by 6-7 shortly but densely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, acute,

12-18 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, with the base cuneate into a petiole 2 mm long. Inflorescence a con¬

gested, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme up to 8 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a

peduncle 4-6 mm long; floral bracts muriculate, 0.75-1 mm long; pedicels 1-1.25 mm long; ovary 1

mm long; sepals entire, with the dorsal sepal dark purple, ovate, obtuse, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, with the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, 3 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 0.5 mm; petals orange, suffused with brown on the margins,

glabrous, transversely bilobed, 1 mm long, 3 mm wide, with the lobes triangular, oblique, acute, with

the upper lobe slightly larger; lip brown-orange, glabrous, bilaminate, the blades oblong, flat with the

ends rounded, 1.8 mm long, the connectives short, cuneate, the body narrow, connate to the base of

the column, the sinus acute, the appendix broad, oblong, concave, with a bipartite, pubescent, apical

gland; column 1.5 mm long, with the anther dorsal and the stigma ventral.

Cochabamba: Carasco, Sehuencas, epiphytic in forest along Rio Lope Mendoza, alt. 2450 m, 13 Jan.

1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez, T. &D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12808 (Holotype: MO).

This little species from central Bolivia is distinguished by a congested raceme

shorter than the tiny, ovate leaf; small flowers with entire sepals; proportionally

large petals with triangular, oblique lobes; and a lip with oblong blades, short

connectives, a narrow body, and a comparatively large, bisegmented appendix.

With Lepanthes papilio Luer & R.Vasquez, it shares a small size; a short, con¬

gested raceme; and relatively large petals. Lepanthes papilio differs in ovate,

obtuse sepals, with the lateral sepals shorter than the dorsal sepal; and an oblong

upper lobe of the petals.

Lepanthes wageneri Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 70, 1855.

Ety.: Named for the 19th century traveler, Hermann Wagener, who first collected this species in

Colombia.

Syn.: Lepanthes dalstroemii Luer, Orchideer 4: sub 192, 1983.

Ety.: Named for Stig Dalstrom, who collected this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-7 cm long, enclosed by

4-8 minutely ciliate lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, suffused with purple, thickly coriaceous, elliptical

to ovate, subacute to obtuse, 1.5-3.5 cm long, 7-16 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into a petiole 1-2

mm long. Inflorescence a congested, successively several-flowered raceme up to 8 mm long, borne

behind the leaf by a slender peduncle 3-10 mm long; floral bracts 0.5-1.25 mm long; pedicels 0.75-1.25

mm long; ovary 1-2 mm long; sepals yellow, variously suffused with red or purple, the dorsal sepal

ovate to obovate, obtuse, sometimes shortly acuminate, 3.5-5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined,

barely connate to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute to subacute, sometimes shortly

acuminate, 2.5-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 2-veined, connate about 0.5 mm; petals yellow or orange,

variously suffused with red or purple, minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1-1.3 mm long, 2.25-4

mm wide, the upper lobe ovate-triangular to oblong, obtuse, sometimes acute, the lower lobe usually

similar; lip orange to red or purple, cellular-pubescent, bilaminate, the blades more or less oblong, longi¬

tudinally concave, 1.5 mm long, with everted or revolute, obtuse to truncate apices and rounded bases,

the connectives posterior, obliquely cuneate, the body narrow with an external, boat- shaped appendix

that protrudes forward beyond the sinus, the body connate to the base of the column; column 1.5 mm

long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

La Paz: Nor Yungas, northeast of Chuspipata, road to Coroico, alt. 1900 m, 28 May 1988, J.C. Solomon

18496 (MO); Nor Yungas, forest between Chuspipata and Coroico, alt. 1800 m, 27 Aug. 1991, C. Luer,

J. Luer, R. Vdsquez, L. Moreno, A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro & W. Teague 15374 (MO); Bautista Saavedra,

epiphytic in trees along the river below Charazani, alt. 2700 m, 19 Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.

Vdsquez, D. Ric, J. del Hierro & W. Teague 16432 (MO); Bautista Saavedra, alt. 2650 m, 19 Nov. 1992,

R. Vdsquez, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Ric 1696 (MO).

Cochabamba: Carrasco, Sehuencas, alt. 2100 m, 13 Sept. 1993, P. Ibisch 93.110 (MO).

Also Colombia (Norte de Santander, type of L. wageneri: H. Wagener s.n ., W; Santander, Boyacd,

Antioquia, Putumayo); Venezuela (Tachira); and Ecuador (Napo, Tungurahua, Morona-Santiago, Pasta-

za, Azuay, Loja, type of L. dalstroemii'. S. Dalstrom 485 , SEL; Zamora-Chinchipe).

This species is frequent and locally common in its wide distribution in the

Andes from Venezuela into Bolivia. Although it is variable both vegetatively and

florally, it is usually readily recognized. The leaves are small, thick, broadly

elliptical to ovate, and suffused with purple. The inflorescence is short and borne

behind the leaf. The flowers are colorful with various combinations of yellow,

orange, red and purple. The sepals are very shallowly connate, and sometimes

shortly acuminate. The petals are variable in size and shape, in no two popula-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

tions being the same. The lip, however, is distinguished by oblong blades that are

longitudinally channeled or concave medially with the obtuse or truncate apex

more or less recurved. Morphologically constant throughout the distribution, the

appendix is longitudinal and boat-shaped on the external surface of the body, and

extends forward beyond the sinus. It can be recognized easily from a lateral view

when the blade of the lip is lifted.

Lepanthes zongoensis Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 54: 378, 1983.

Ety.: Named for the valley of Rio Zongo where this species was discovered.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots relatively fleshy. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5- 7.5

cm long, enclosed by 5-7 long-ciliate lepanthiform sheaths with markedly dilated ostia. Leaf erect,

suffused with purple beneath, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 25-27 mm long including the petiole 2-3 mm

long, 14-17 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate, abruptly contracted into a petiole 2-5 mm long. Inflor¬

escence a subdensely, successively several-flowered, subflexuous raceme up to 10 mm long, borne

behind the leaf by a slender peduncle 5 mm long; floral bracts ciliate, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm

long; ovary 1.25 mm long; sepals brown, carinate-spiculate externally, minutely pubescent within, the

dorsal sepal concave, ovate, acute, acuminate into a slender tail 1.5-2 mm long, 5.25 mm long including

the tail, 2.25 mm wide unexpanded, connate 0.5 mm to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals narrowly

triangular-ovate, oblique, with both margins narrowly involute, acute, acuminate, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide, connate ca. 0.5 mm; petals purple-brown, minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.5 mm long,

3 mm wide, the lobes narrowly oblong, nearly equal, with the tips rounded; lip purple- brown, cellular-

pubescent, bilobed, the blades more or less oblong as thickened margins of triangular lobes, 1.5 mm

long, apices acute, bases obtuse, embracing the column, the connectives broadly cuneate, forming a

broad body, connate to the base of the column, the appendix a triangular tuft of hairs in the sinus;

column stout, 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

La Paz: Murillo: valley of the Rio Zongo, alt. 2600 m, 29 Jan. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & R.

Lara 4972 (Holotype: SEL, Isotype: Herb. Vdsquezianum 271); same area, alt. 2650 m, 30 Jan. 1988, C.

Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, 7. Solomon, T. Mulder, D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12968, 12971 (MO); same area,

alt. 2300 m, 25 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, L. Moreno, A. Hirtz, 7. del Hierro & W. Teague

15352 (MO); Murillo, below dam at Lago Zongo, trail up Rio Jachcha Cruz, alt. 2200 m, 16-17 Dec.

1982, 7.C. Solomon 9091 (MO).

This species, from the spectacular valley of the Rio Zongo, is characterized by a

medium-sized plant with a raceme shorter than elliptical, obtuse leaves. The sepals

are acuminate with spiculate carinae, the lateral sepals with both margins narrowly

incurved; the petals are transverse and narrowly oblong; the lip has broadly triangu¬

lar lobes with thickened margins and the appendix is represented by a tuft of hairs.

Lepanthes zongoensis is most similar to L. crista-piscis Luer & R.Vasquez, but

is distinguished by the lateral sepals, minutely pubescent within rather than gla¬

brous, and narrower, more incomplete blades of the lip. From L. longipedicellata

C.Schweinf., L. zongoensis is distinguished by pedicels only a millimeter and a half

long, as long as the subtending bract, while those of L. longipedicellata are two to

three millimeters long. The apices of the lateral sepals diverge from each other

about 90°, while those of L. longipedicellata diverge 180°.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Species of Lepanthes excluded from Bolivia

Lepanthes intonsa Luer, Phytologia 54: 348, 1983.

Lepanthes doloma Luer, known from Cochabamba, Bolivia, was mistakenly re¬

duced to synonymy of L. intonsa. No specimens of L. intonsa are known from

Bolivia.

Lepanthes minutipetala C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 15: 81, 1951.

This species was reported from Santa Cruz by Makoto Nashida, Y. Hashimoto

& Fumio Maekawa in 1971. The specimen was unavailable for examination.

Lepanthes tridentata (Sw.) Sw., Nov. Act. Soc. Sc. Upsal. 6: 86, 1799.

Schlechter published a list of four species of Lepanthes known from Bolivia in

1913, including an unidentified species from Santa Cruz erroneously attributed

to L. tridentata (Sw.) Sw. by Kranzlin. Lepanthes tridentata is endemic to the

Blue Mountains in the eastern part of Jamaica.

Luer, C.A., 1996. The genus Lepanthes subgenus Lepanthes in Ecuador. leones

Pleurothallidinarum XIV. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61: 1-255.

Schlechter, R., 1922. Die Orchideenflora der sudamerikanischen kordilleren

staaten V. Bolivia. Repert. spec. nov. regni veg. Beih. 10: 65-66.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Roberto Vasquez of Vera Cruz, Bolivia, deserves our gratitude beyond bounds

for the many years of exhausting trips my wife Jane and I made with him to far

corners of his country to gather material, some of which is now presented here in

the Lepanthes of Bolivia. We thank Victoria Hollowell for her proofreading, and

Robert Magill for providing data from TROPICOS. We also thank Stig Dalstrom

for inking many of the illustrations, and the Pleurothallid Alliance for making it

possible.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 3. Lepanthes alticola

Fig. 4. Lepanthes auriculata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 7. Lepanthes branchifera

Fig. 8. Lepanthes brevis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 49

Fig. 9. Lepanthes calyptrata Fig. 10. Lepanthes caudatisepala

Fig. 11. Lepanthes ciliolata

Fig. 12. Lepanthes cochliops

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 15a. Lepanthes crista-piscis

Fig. 15b. Lepanthes crista-piscis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 16. Lepanthes croatii

Fig. 17. Lepanthes dictyota

Fig. 18. Lepanthes doloma

Fig. 19. Lepanthes echidna

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 21. Lepanthes falcata

Fig. 22. Lepanthes fuchsii

Fig. 23. Lepanthes garayi

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 26. Lepanthes helicocephala

Fig. 27. Lepanthes herzogii

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 30. Lepanthes ionoptera

Fig. 31. Lepanthes llipiensis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 34. Lepanthes megalostele

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 38. Lepanthes monitor

Fig. 39. Lepanthes monoptera

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 43. Lepanthes orchestris

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 46. Lepanthes panicillus

Fig. 47. Lepanthes panisca

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 54. Lepanthes recurva

Fig. 55. Lepanthes ringens

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 58. Lepanthes scolops

Fig. 59. Lepanthes serriola

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 62. Lepanthes vasquezii

Fig. 63. Lepanthes versicolor

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 66. Lepanthes wageneri

Fig. 67. Lepanthes zongoensis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Lepanthes 1

sub gen. Lepanthes

sect. Lepanthes 1, 5

subsect. Lepanthes 1, 5, 6

Bilabiatae 1, 5, 11.

Breves 1, 5

Lepanthes acarina 4, 7, 9, 47, Fig. 1.

altamiranoi 1, 4, 6, 9, 47, Fig. 2.

alticola 4, 7, 10, 47, Fig. 3.

andrenoglossa 29, 30.

antennifera 11.

auriculata 4, 7, 10, 47, Fig. 4.

ballatrix 10.

barbatula 4, 7, 11, 48, Fig. 5.

bifalcis 4, 5, 11, 48, Fig. 6.

branchifera 4, 6, 12, 48, Fig. 7.

brevis 4, 6, 12, 48, Fig. 8.

calyptrata 4, 8, 12, 49, Fig. 9.

caudatisepala 4, 8, 13, 49, Fig. 10, 36.

chorista 24.

ciliolata 4, 5, 14, 49, Fig. 11.

cochliops 4, 6, 14, 49, Fig. 12.

columbar 11.

complicata 4, 5, 14, 15, 50, Fig. 13, 16, 35,

craticia 10.

crescentiformis 1, 4, 6, 15, 50, Fig. 14.

crista-piscis 4, 5, 9, 16, 50, Fig. 15a, 15b., '

croatii 1, 4, 8, 16, 51, Fig. 16.

dalstroemii 44.

dictyota 4, 8, 17, 51, Fig. 17.

dipteryx 10.

dolichopus 29, 30.

doloma 4, 7, 17, 51, Fig. 18.

echidna 4, 5, 18, 51, Fig. 19.

elata 28.

epibator 4, 5, 18, 52, Fig. 20.

falcata 4, 5, 19, 52, Fig. 21, 39, 40.

fuchsii 4, 5, 19, 52, Fig. 22, 20.

garayi 4, 6, 20, 52, Fig. 23.

glaberrima 4, 8, 20, 53, Fig. 24, 21, 23.

hastata 4, 8, 21, 53, Fig. 25, 32.

helicocephala 4, 8, 21, 53, Fig. 26.

herzogii 4, 6, 22, 53, Fig. 27.

homotaxis 11.

incisa 4, 8, 21, 22, 54, Fig. 28, 23.

incredibilis 4, 7, 23, 54, Fig. 29.

intonsa 17, 18, 46.

intricata 21.

ionoptera 4, 6, 24, 54, Fig. 30, 42.

Lepanthes jubata 18

ligulata 4, 41.

llipiensis 4, 8, 24, 54, Fig. 31.

longipedicellata 4, 5, 25, 55, Fig. 32, 45.

macroura 29.

megalocephala 4, 7, 25, 55, Fig. 33.

megalostele 4, 8, 26, 55, Fig. 34.

menatoi 4, 7, 23, 26, 55, Fig. 35.

meniscophora 11.

mesochlora 29, 30.

microphallica 1, 4, 8, 27, 56, Fig. 36. 37.

micropogon 26.

mimica 32.

minutipetala 15, 46.

miraculum 4, 6, 28, 56, Fig. 37.

monitor 4, 8, 28, 56, Fig. 38.

monoptera 4, 6, 29, 56, Fig. 39.

mucronata 4, 8, 29, 57, Fig. 40, 30.

nebulina 4, 5, 30, 57, Fig. 41.

nycteris 4, 6, 31, 57, Fig. 42.

orchestris 4, 7, 31, 57, Fig. 43, 32.

oxyphylla 4, 7, 32, 58, Fig. 44.

paiveana 32.

7, 38.paivana 4, 6, 32, 58, Fig. 45, 33.

panicillus 4, 7, 33, 58, Fig. 46.

panisca 4, 5, 34, 58, Fig. 47.

r , 45. papilio 4, 8, 34, 59, Fig. 48, 44.

pileata 4, 5, 35, 59, Fig. 49.

pilosa 4, 6, 35, 59, Fig. 50.

profusa 4, 7, 13, 36, 59, Fig. 51.

ptyxis 4, 5, 36, 60, Fig. 52, 37.

puck 4, 7, 37, 60, Fig. 53.

recurva 4, 6, 38, 60, Fig. 54.

ringens 4, 5, 34, 38, 60, Fig. 55.

roseola 29.

rupicola 1, 4, 7, 39, 61, Fig. 56.

schoonenii 1, 4, 5, 39, 61, Fig. 57.

scolops 4, 5, 40, 61, Fig. 58.

serriola Frontispiece, 4, 7, 40, 61, Fig. 59.

sillarensis 1, 4, 7, 8, 27, 41, 62, Fig. 60.

tridentata 46.

usitata 4, 6, 41, 62, Fig. 61.

vasquezii 4, 6, 24, 42, 62, Fig. 62.

versicolor 4, 6, 8, 42, 62, Fig. 63.

vespa 4, 7, 35, 43, 63, Fig. 64.

vogelii 4, 8, 43, 63, Fig. 65.

wageneri 4, 8, 44, 63, Fig. 66.

zongoensis 4, 5, 45, 63, Fig. 67.

Trichosalpinx chamaelepanthes 22

SYSTEMATICS OF OCTOMERIA

(ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

A brief history of Octomeria R.Br. is given. The genus is divided into two

groups, those species north and west of Brazil, treated herein with a key, de¬

scriptions and illustrations, and those species of Brazil and southern neighbors to

be treated in a subsequent leones Pleurothallidinarum.

New species

Octomeria acicularis Luer

Octomeria condorensis Luer & Hirtz

Octomeria deceptrix Luer

Octomeria georgei Luer

Octomeria jauaensis Luer

Octomeria marsupialis Luer

Octomeria moscosoae Luer

Octomeria napoleon Luer

Octomeria odontoglossoides Luer

Octomeria zygoglossa Luer

New typifications

Octomeria brachypetala Schltr.

Octomeria bradei Schltr.

Octomeria buchtienii Schltr.

Octomeria colombiana Schltr.

Octomeria concolor Barb.Rodr.

Octomeria costaricensis Schltr.

Octomeria guentheriana Kraenzl.

Octomeria longifolia Schltr.

Octomeria mocoana Schltr.

Octomeria petulans Rchb.f.

Octomeria robusta Barb.Rodr.

Octomeria seegeriana Kraenzl.

Octomeria serpens Schltr.

Octomeria steyermarkii Garay & Dunst.

Octomeria taracuana Schltr.

Octomeria tenuis Schltr.

Octomeria xanthina Barb.Rodr.

Octomeria yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr.

Based on the Epidendrum graminifolium of Linnaeus, Robert Brown proposed

the genus Octomeria in 1813 with O. graminifolia as the only pleurothallid species

with eight pollinia. Before the genus was well defined, 14 Old World, non-pleur-

othallid species with eight pollinia were described in Octomeria , 11 in the genus

Eria Lindl., one in Octadesmia Benth., and two with the proper genus undetermined

today. Lindley described a collection of the vegetatively variable and widely dis¬

tributed Octomeria graminifolia as O. baueri in 1830. and in 1836, he published the

Brazilian O. crassifolia and O. pusilla , and from Barbados, O. loddigesii nom.

inval. referred to O. graminifolia. These were followed by two more pleurothallid

genera (Enothrea Raf. in 1836, and Aspegrenia Poepp. & Endl. in 1837) that were

also distinguished by eight pollinia, and these were eventually reduced to the

synonymy of Octomeria. Brachionidium, described by Lindley in 1859, is another

pleurothallid genus with eight pollinia, but six pollinia occur in nearly half the

species. In Octomeria , six pollinia occur only rarely.

Nearly four dozen species were described in Octomeria during the remainder of

the nineteenth century, most by Barbosa Rodrigues. In 1896, in Martius’s Flora

Brasiliensis, volume 3(4) Orchidaceae, Cogniaux divided the genus into two sec¬

tions: sect. Planifoliae for those species with flat leaves, and sect. Teretifoliae for

those species with terete leaves. Neither of these sections are recognized herein,

Pleurothallopsis Porto & Brade, a genus similar to Octomeria , but with eight or

four pollinia, was proposed by Porto and Brade in 1937. In 2004, Atopoglossum

Luer, another pleurothallid genus with eight pollinia, was identified.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis Sw. and Octomeria R.Br. are two pleurothallid genera that have been

avoided by most taxonomists, and unfortunately, also by horticulturists and hobby¬

ists, because of a sameness of small flowers that are not horticulturally attractive.

The flowers of Stelis are usually produced in a raceme, while the flowers of Octo¬

meria are single, but often many may be produced simultaneously in a fascicle.

Many species of Octomeria are poorly documented, and no satisfactory taxonomic

treatment exists for the genus as a whole.

Pacific Ocean

1. Florida

2. Mexico

3. Cuba

4. Guadeloupe

5. Barbados

6. Venezuela

7. Colombia

8. Ecuador

9. Peru

10. Bolivia

11. Paraguay

12. Brazil

13. Chile

14. Argentina

15. Uruguay

Fig. 1. The northern and southern distribution of Octomeria

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The genus Octomeria is divided here by distribution into two treatments. The

Central American, West Indian, Andean and South American species north and

west of Amazonian Brazil are treated as a group of northern species. Species from

Brazil and her neighbors to the south will be treated separately as a group of south¬

ern species. Of 240 names and varieties published in Octomeria , approximately

158 species are accepted herein; 57 are treated here among the species of the north¬

ern group, and about 100, in the southern group. Six species [O. concolor

Barb.Rodr., O. graminifolia (L.) R.Br., O. grandiflora Lindl., O. robusta Rchb.f. &

Warm., O. seegeriana Kraenzl., and O. tridentata Lindl.] are widely distributed,

occurring in both the northern and the southern regions. About a dozen species

[e.g., O. scirpoidea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.f. and O. yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr.] of

the northern group stray as far south as the Amazon basin, but very few southern

Brazilian species (e.g., O. diaphana Lindl.) venture into the southern Andes.

The taxonomy of this genus can be made too simple by lumping, or too complex

by splitting, with the recognition of too many variations. If a minor variation of the

lip is considered a species level difference, the taxonomy of this genus becomes

impossible. It is much simpler when it is understood that the morphology of the lip

of most, if not all the species, is variable. To complicate matters, the vegetative

morphology is also variable in practically all species. Because of the similarity of

so many flowers, vegetative morphology is often most important in the determina¬

tion of a species. The size of both vegetative and floral parts sometimes varies

remarkably, two-fold or more in some widely distributed, frequently encountered

species, e.g., Octomeria graminifolia (L.) R.Br. Variations of the flowers of

Octomeria grandiflora Lindl., O. hirtzii (Luer), O. peruviana D.E.Benn. & Chris¬

tenson, O. seegeriana Kraenzl., and O. tridentata Lindl. may be so similar that

identification often depends wholly upon vegetative characters.

L = leaf

Fig, 2. Morphology of Octomeria [Octomeria yauaperyensis]

68 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria R.Br., Ait., Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 211, 1813.

Ety.: From the Greek Octomeros, "with eight parts," referring to the eight pollinia.

Type: Epidendrum graminifolium L., Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1353, 1763, lectotype designated by Garay and

Sweet in Howard, FI. Lesser Antilles, Orchidaceae 116, 1974. [Icon.] "Convallaria? Caule articu-

lato?" in Plummer in Burman. PI. Amer.: 171, tab. 176, fig. 1, 1758. [=Octomeria graminifolia

(L.) R.Br.].

Syn.: Enothrea Raf., FI. Tellur. 4: 43,1836 [1838].

Ety.: According to Rafinesque, named for an obscure nymph.

Type: Epidendrum graminifolium L. [=Octomeria graminifolia (L.) R.Br.].

Syn.: Aspegrenia Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. (Poeppig & Endlicher) 2: 12, 1837.

Ety.: Named for Gustav Karsten Aspegren, nineteenth century Swedish botanist and naturalist.

Type: Aspegrenia scirpoidea Poepp. & Endl. [= Octomeria scirpoidea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.f.]

Syn.: Gigliolia Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 25, July 1877, not Gigliola Beccari, May 1877.

Ety.: Named for Enrico H. Giglioli, Professor of Natural History, University of Florence.

Type: Gigliolia geraensis Barb.Rodr. Gen. Sp. Orchid. 1: 26, 1877 [= Octomeria geraensis

Barb.Rodr.] Gen. Sp. Orchid. 2: 295, 1881.

Syn.: Octandrorchis Brieger, Orchideen, 1A(7):425,1975;Trab.Congr. Nac.Bot, (Rio de Janeiro) 26:43,

1977.

Ety.: From the Greek or Latin Octandrorchis , "an orchid with eight stamens," referring to the pollinia.

Type: Octandrorchis leptophylla (Barb.Rodr.) Brieger [= Octomeria leptophylla Barb.Rodr.].

Syn.: Octomeria sect. Planifoliae Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orchid., 2: 96, 1881.

Ety.: From the Latin planifolius , "flat-leaved," referring to the blades of the leaf.

Type: Octomeria robusta Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orchid., 2: 97, late 1881, nom. illeg. [= Octomeria

seegeriana Kraenzl., 1892.].

Syn.: Octomeria sect. Teretifoliae Barb.Rodr,. Gen. Sp. Orchid.: 634, 1881.

Ety.: From the Latin teretifolius, "terete-leaved," referring to the blades of the leaf.

Type here designated: Octomeria leptophylla Barb.Rodr., the first species treated in the section.

Syn.: Octomeria subgen. Pleurothallopsis (Porto & Brade) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 39: 80, 1991.

Ety.: Named for the similarity to the genus Pleurothallis R.Br.

Type: Octomeria nemorosa (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 80, 1991.

Plant perennial, minute to large, epiphytic, lithophytic to terrestrial, repent, repent to caespitose, the

rhizome thick to thin; roots slender to fleshy. Ramicauls slender to stout, ascending to erect, or pendent,

terete to compressed, enclosed by few to many tubular sheaths that are often early-shredded, or lost.

Leaf erect, thinly to thickly coriaceous, terete to variously ovate or elliptical, sessile or petiolate. Inflor¬

escence a single-flowered peduncle produced successively or simultaneously, from the apex or near the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts shorter or longer than the pedicel; the ovary tricarpellate; sepals

glabrous, entire, more or less similar, free, the lateral sepals rarely connate; petals entire, usually similar

to the sepals, but usually smaller; lip entire or lobed, infrequently fimbriate, usually bicallous, the base

truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column more or less terete, with the anther subapical,

pollinia 8, usually in pairs of 4, and the stigma ventral.

A caespitose habit is about as frequent as a repent habit, but it is uncommonly

long-repent. The distance between ramicauls, especially in a shortly repent-ascend¬

ing habit, can be influenced by the habitat. The ramicaul varies from vestigial to

massive, longer or shorter than the leaf, terete to compressed, and in the number of

sheaths that are frequently deciduous, or shredded. The ramicaul has often been

described as having joints, referring to the circumferential scars where sheaths have

been shed. These are not actual joints, which would imply a junction, or even an

articulation, between two anatomical elements.

In 1896, Cogniaux proposed two sections based on morphology of the leaf:

terete and not terete (more or less flat), key characters for identification. When

narrow, fleshy leaves approach being terete, sometimes the distinction being a

personal opinion. Flowers of some terete-leaved species are practically identical to

those of some non-terete-leaved species. The bases of the leaves are sessile, subpe-

tiolate to distinctly petiolate and are sometimes twisted. Because of shrinkage, the

width of narrow leaves when dried is difficult to determine. Narrow leaves become

linear and may appear terete. The two sections of Cogniaux are not recognized

herein.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The inflorescence emerges terminally at the abscission layer between the leaf

and ramicaul at the base of the leaf or petiole, or laterally a very short distance

below the abscission layer. From a small, usually deciduous spathe, single flowers

are produced successively, or simultaneously in a congested fascicle of short, over¬

lapping, ribbed sheaths. The floral bracts are usually short and inconspicuous, often

about as long as the pedicel.

The size of the flowers of many species, especially those with a wide distribu¬

tion, varies considerably. In some species may have flowers twice or even thrice

larger than the smallest occurring within the same species.

The three sepals are similar and mostly free. The number of veins in the dorsal

sepal are helpful in many determinations. Unfortunately, the veins often are not

noted. They were not included in either Barbosa Rodrigues’s illustrations or de¬

scriptions. The lateral sepals are sometimes barely connate to each other at the base

or shortly overlap, and in a few species the connation is deep. The petals are similar

to, but usually slightly smaller than, the sepals.

Three major divisions in morphology of the lip are recognizable. In the majority

of species, the lip is "standard," herein called type A, when it is more or less oblong

and not deflexed, with a pair of calli near the middle, and with a pair of lateral lobes

at or below the middle. The details of a type A lip are often variable within a spe¬

cies, hence a source of synonymous epithets. Much depends on the interpretation of

the illustrator’s rendition. Some are crude caricatures. If the lateral lobes are drawn

as viewed from above, in a two dimensional drawing, they will not appear the same

as when they are expanded under a heavy thumb. No two collections of the same

species will have identical lips.

a. O. grandiflora b. O. minor c.O. moconana d. O. dentifera

Fig. 3. Variations of Type A lip

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Many type A lips are so similar among so many species that identification

depends wholly upon vegetative characters. The lips of some species with terete

leaves are indistinguishable from those of some species with broad leaves. Only

species with a type A lip and their modifications occur in the southern group; spe¬

cies with type B and type C in addition to type A, occur in species of the northern

group. A type A lip in Octomeria is basically similar to the lips of Acianthera

Scheidw., Arthrosia Luer, Chamelophyton Garay, Muscarella Luer, Phy so siphon

Lindl., Pleurothallopsis Porto & Brade, and even Restrepia Kunth, Scaphosepalum

Pfitz., and Zootrophion Luer, all with their own recognizable modifications.

The type B lip is distinguished by being acutely deflexed with the basal claw

lying against the back of the blade (e.g., Octomeria lancipetala C.Schweinf.). The

a. O. rotundata b. O. splendida

Fig. 4. Variations of Type B lip

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

type C lip is reserved for those lips with a basically different design (e.g., Octomer¬

ia exigua C.Schweinf.). The lip is non deflexed without the usual lateral lobes, and

without the usual pair of calli on the disc. Calli may be totally absent or replaced

by single, central callosity (e.g., O. oncidioides Luer). Neither type B nor type C lip

occurs in Brazil and its southern neighbors.

The simple column is more or less semiterete with the deciduous anther mostly

exposed at the apex, and with the simple stigma beneath on the ventral surface.

With or without a minute viscidium, eight pyriform pollinia are produced singly, in

two groups of four, or in a double row of four, never eight in a single row on the

same plane. Rarely, six pollinia are present, as in Octomeria splendida Garay &

Dunst. and O. marsupialis Luer.

Illustrations of species of Octomeria attributed to the northern region,

(excluding Brazil and bordering lands to the south)

Names in boldface indicate an accepted name; names in italics are synonyms.

Octomeria acicularis Luer & R.Vasquez.Fig. 1.

Octomeria anomala Garay & Dunst.Fig. 2.

Octomeria amazonica Pabst = O. colombiana Schltr.

Octomeria apiculata (Lindl.) Garay & H.R.Sweet = O. graminifolia (L.) R.Br.

Octomeria arcuata Rolfe = O. grandiflora Lindl.

Octomeria auriculata Luer & Dalstrom = O. colombiana Schltr.

Octomeria baueri Lindl. = O. graminifolia (L.) R.Br.

Octomeria boliviensis Rolfe = O. robusta Rchb.f. & Warm.

Octomeria boliviensis Rolfe var. grandifolia C.Schweinf. = O. peruviana

D.E.Benn. & Christenson

Octomeria bomboizae Luer.Fig. 3.

Octomeria brachypetala Schltr. = O. scirpoidea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.f.

Octomeria brevifolia Cogn. = O. scirpoidea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.f.

Octomeria buchteinii Schltr. = O. guentheriana Kraenzl.

Octomeria callosa Luer.Fig. 4.

Octomeria colombiana Schltr.Fig. 5a., 5b.

Syn.: Octomeria amazonica Pabst

Syn.: Octomeria auriculata Luer & Dalstrom

Octomeria complanata C.Schweinf. = O. yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr.

Octomeria concolor Barb.Rodr.Fig. 6.

Octomeria condorensis Luer & Hirtz.Fig. 7.

Octomeria connellii Rolfe.Fig. 8.

Syn.: Octomeria flaviflora C.Schweinf.

Octomeria cordilabia C.Schweinf.Fig. 9.

Octomeria costaricensis Schltr.Fig. 10a., 10b.

Syn.: Octomeria ventii H.Dietrich

Octomeria dalstroemii Luer.Fig. 11.

Octomeria deceptrix Luer.Fig. 12.

Octomeria deltoglossa Garay = O. exigua C.Schweinf.

Octomeria dentifera C.Schweinf.Fig. 13.

Octomeria diaphana Lindl.Fig. 14.

Syn.: Octomeria glazioveana Regel

Syn.: Octomeria recchiana Hoehne

Octomeria erosilabia C.Schweinf. = O. longifolia Schltr.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria exigua C.Schweinf.Fig. 15.

Syn.: Octomeria exigua C.Schweinf. var. elata C.Schweinf.

Syn.: Octomeria deltoglossa Garay

Syn.: Octomeria kestrochila Garay & Dunst.

Octomeria ffrenchiana Ph.Feldmann & Barre = O. integrilabia C.Schweinf.

Octomeria filifolia C.Schweinf..Fig. 16.

Octomeria flaviflora C.Schweinf. = O. connellii Rolfe

Octomeria gemmula Camevali & I.Ramirez.Fig. 17.

Octomeria georgei Luer.Fig. 18.

Octomeria glazioveana Regel = O. diaphana Lindl.

Octomeria graminifolia Lodd. = O. graminifolia (L.) R.Br.

Octomeria graminifolia (L.) R.Br.Fig. 19.

Syn.: Octomeria baueri Lindl.

Syn.: Octomeria graminifolia var. ophioglossoides Griseb.

Syn.: Octomeria longirepens Schltr.

Syn.: Octomeria serpens Schltr.

Syn.: Pleurothallis apiculata Lindl.

Octomeria grandiflora Lindl.Fig. 20a., 20b.

Syn.: Octomeria arcuata Rolfe

Syn.: Octomeria lobulosa Rchb.f.

Syn.: Octomeria truncata Rchb.f. ex Hoffmannsegg.

Octomeria grandiflora var. robusta Cogn. = O. seegeriana Kraenzl.

Octomeria grandiflora var. seegeriana (Kraenzl.) Barb.Rodr. = O. seegeriana Kraenzl.

Octomeria guentheriana Kraenzl.Fig. 21.

Syn.: Octomeria buchtienii Schltr.

Octomeria harantiana I.Bock.Fig. 22.

Octomeria heleneana Camevali & Delascio.Fig. 23.

Octomeria hirtzii Luer.Fig. 24.

Octomeria hondurensis Ames = O. yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr.

Octomeria integrilabia C.Schweinf. .Fig. 25.

Syn.: Octomeria ffrenchiana Ph.Feldmann & Barre

Octomeria jauaensis Luer.Fig. 26.

Octomeria kestrochila Garay & Dunst. = O. exigua C.Schweinf.

Octomeria lamellaris Luer = O. nana C.Schweinf.

Octomeria lancipetala C.Schweinf..Fig. 27.

Octomeria lobulosa Rchb.f. = O. grandiflora Lindl.

Octomeria loddigesii Lindl. = O. graminifolia (L.) R.Br.

Octomeria longerepens Schltr. = O. graminifolia (L.) R.Br.

Octomeria longifolia Schltr.Fig. 28.

Syn.: Octomeria erosiabia C.Schweinf.

Syn.: Octomeria rhizomatosa C.Schweinf.

Syn.: Octomeria schultesii Pabst

Octomeria marsupialis Luer.Fig. 29.

Octomeria medinae Luer & J.Portilla.Fig. 30.

Octomeria minor C.Schweinf..Fig. 31a., 31b.

Octomeria mocoana Schltr.Fig. 32.

Octomeria monticola C.Schweinf. .Fig. 33.

Octomeria moscosoae Luer.Fig. 34.

Octomeria nana C.Schweinf.Fig. 35.

Syn.: Octomeria lamellaris Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria napoleon Luer.Fig. 36.

Octomeria odontoglossoides Luer.Fig. 37.

Octomeria oncidioides Luer.Fig. 38.

Octomeria parvifolia Rolfe.Fig. 39.

Octomeria parvula C.Schweinf.Fig. 40.

Octomeria peruviana D.E.Benn. & Christenson.Fig. 41.

Syn.: Octomeria boliviensis Rolfe var. grandifolia C.Schweinf.

Octomeria petulans Rchb.f. = O. tridentata Lindl.

Octomeria portillae Luer & Hirtz.Fig. 42.

Octomeria pygmaea C.Schweinf.Fig. 43.

Octomeria recchiana Hoehne = O. diaphana Lindl.

Octomeria rhizomatosa C.Schweinf. = O. longifolia Schltr.

Octomeria robusta Barb.Rodr. = O. seegeriana Kraenzl.

Octomeria robusta Rchb. & Warm...Fig. 44.

Octomeria romerorum Camevali & I.Ramirez...Fig. 45.

Octomeria rotundata Luer & Hirtz.Fig. 46.

Syn.: Octomeria ruthiana Hoehne = O. seegeriana Kraenzl.

Octomeria sarthouae Luer.Fig. 47.

Octomeria schultesii Pabst = O. longifolia Schltr.

Octomeria scirpoidea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.f.Fig. 48.

Syn.: Octomeria brachypetala Schltr.

Syn.: Octomeria brevifolia Cogn.

Syn.: Octomeria tenuis Schltr.

Octomeria seegeriana Kraenzl.Fig. 49.

Syn.: Octomeria grandiflora var. robusta (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn.

Syn.: Octomeria grandiflora var. seegeriana (Kraemzl.) Cogn.

Syn.: Octomeria robusta Barb.Rodr., not O. robusta Rchb.f. & Warm.

Syn.: Octomeria, ruthiana Hoehne

Octomeria semiconnata C.Schweinf..Fig. 50.

Octomeria serpens Schltr. = O. graminifolia

Octomeria splendida Garay & Dunst.Fig. 51.

Octomeria steyermarkii Garay & Dunst.Fig. 52.

Octomeria surinamensis H.Focke = O. tridentata Lindl.

Octomeria tapiricataractae G.A.Romero & Luer.Fig. 53.

Octomeria taracuana Schltr.Fig. 54.

Octomeria tenuis Schltr. = O. scirpoidea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.f.

Octomeria tridentata Lindl.Fig. 55a., 55b.

Syn.: Octomeria petulans Rchb.f.

Syn.: Octomeria surinamensis H.Focke

Syn.: Octomeria xanthina Barb.Rodr.

Octomeria truncata Rchb.f. ex Hoffmannsegg.

Octomeria valerioi Ames & C.Schweinf.Fig. 56.

Octomeria ventii H.Dietr. = O costaricensis Schltr.

Octomeria xanthina Barb.Rodr. = O. tridentata Lindl.

Octomeria ximenae Luer & Hirtz.Fig. 57.

Octomeria yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr.Fig. 58.

Syn.: Octomeria complanata C.Schweinf.

Syn.: Octomeria hondurensis Ames

Octomeria zygoglossa Luer.Fig. 59.

Pleurothallis apiculata Lindl., = O. graminifolia (L.) R.Br.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE NORTHERN SPECIES OF OCTOMERIA

1 Lip type A, with lateral lobes near or below the middle associated with a pair of calli

2 Habit repent, rhizome stout, 0.5 cm long or longer between ramicauls

3 Lip with lateral lobes uncinate, antrorse

4. Leaf elliptical, to 2.5 cm wide. O. seegeriana

4’ Leaf linear, ca. 1 cm wide. O. guentheriana

3’ Lip with lateral lobes rounded

5 Lip with lateral lobes rounded, retrorse. O. mocoana

5’ Lip with lateral lobes rounded, not retrorse

6 Mature leaf and ramicaul together usually less than 15 cm tall

7 Rhizome at least 1 cm long between ramicauls; roots slender.

. O. graminifolia

7’ Rhizome less than 1 cm long between ramicauls

8 Sepals 3-4 mm long. O. concolor

8’ Sepals 7 mm long. O. georgei

6’ Mature leaf and ramicaul together usually more than 15 cm tall

9 Leaf usually more than 1.5 cm wide; lip with apical lobe erose,

often apiculate. O. valerioi

9’ Leafless than 1.5 cm wide. O. longifolia

2’ Habit caespitose, ascending to shortly repent with rhizome 1-2 mm long

10 Lip with lateral lobes uncinate-antrorse

11 Sepals 3-veined

12 Mature plant less than 2 cm tall

13 Leaf obtuse to rounded at the apex; spathe prominent. O. gemmula

13’ Leaf acute to subacute at the apex; without prominent spathe. O. pygmaea

12’ Mature plant more than 3 cm tall

14 Leaf linear, or nearly so

15 Lip with lateral lobes broad. O. filifolia

15’ Lip with lateral lobes narrow, falcate

16 Leaf much shorter than the ramicaul

17 Ramicaul compressed. O. yauaperyensis

17’ Ramicaul not compressed. O. scirpoidea

16’ Leaf not shorter than the ramicaul . O. taracuana

14’ Leaf narrowly elliptical to elliptical-ovate

18 Lip denticulate-erose

19 Lip with lateral lobes long, overhanging the midlobe. O. monticola

19’ Lip with lateral lobes not long, overhanging the midlobe . O. dentifera

18’ Lip not denticulate-erose

20 Plant large, more than 15 cm tall. O. connellii

20’ Plant small, less than 10 cm tall. O. napoleon

11’ Dorsal sepal 5- to 7-veined

21 Leaf narrowly elliptical to narrowly oblong, not widest below the middle,

ca. 1 cm wide

22 Lip with lateral lobes below the middle, anterior lobe minutely denticulate.

. O. hirtzii

22’ Lip with lateral lobes at the middle, anterior lobe entire. O. ximenae

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

21 9 Leaf narrowly ovate, sharply acute, widest below the middle,

more than 1 cm wide

23 Habit loosely caespitose; sepals less than 10 mm long. O. tridentata

23’ Habit caespitose to repent; sepals at least 10 mm long

24 Plant caespitose; leaf usually less than 20 cm long. O. grandiflora

24’ Plant ascending to repent with rhizome thick; leaf more than 20 cm long

. O. peruviana

10’ Lip with lateral lobes rounded to obtuse, not uncinate-antrorse

25 Leaf 1 cm or more wide

26 Dorsal sepal 3-veined

27’ Sepals broadly obtuse to rounded. O. bomboizae

27’ Sepals acute to subacute

28 Leaf ovate, 1.5 to 3 cm wide. O. deceptrix

28’ Leaf narrowly elliptical to narrowly elliptical-ovate, up to 1.5 cm wide

29 Lip with lateral lobes low, flush with anterior lobe. O. harantiana

29’ Lip with lateral lobes round, erect

30 Lip with lateral lobes retrorse. O. mocoana

30’ Lip with lateral lobes not retrorse

31 Plant large, robust; rhizome usually repent. O. valerioi

31 ’ Plant small to medium in size

32 Mature ramicaul usually less than 8 cm tall; native of the Andes.

. O. medinae

32’ Mature ramicaul usually more than 10 cm tall; native of Central

America and Cuba. O. costaricensis

26’ Dorsal sepal 5- to 7-veined

33 Rhizome stout, shortly repent. O. robusta

33 Plant caespitose. O. diaphana

25’ Leafless than 1 cm wide

34 Leaf narrowly linear, elongate

35 Lateral sepals free or connate basally.. O. dalstroemii

35’ Lateral sepals connate to each other about half their length...... O. semiconnata

34’ Leaf narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptical

36 Dorsal sepal 2.5-4 mm long

37 Dorsal sepal ovate, acute; lip rhombic with narrow lateral lobes.

. O. moscosoae

37’ Dorsal sepal elliptical; lip oblong with round lateral lobes

38 Lip with the pair of calli thick. O. minor

38’ Lip with the pair of calli thin

39 Lip with low, broadly rounded lateral lobes, claw short.,....(9. portillae

39’ Lip with erect, rounded lateral lobes, claw elongate. O. parvula

36’ Dorsal sepal more than 5 mm long

40 Sepals 5-6 mm long. O. colombiana

40’ Sepals 8-9 mm long. O. condorensis

76 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1’ Lip not type A; lip without lateral lobes near or below the middle associated with a

pair of calli

41 Lip with the claw deflexed 180°, type B

42 Lip with the margin denticulate or fringed. O. sarthouae

42’ Lip with the margin entire

43 Petals 1-veined; lip with basal angles not elongated

44 Petals ca. 4 mm long. O. lancipetala

44’ Petals ca. 2.5 mm long. O. splendida

43’ Petals 3-veined, lip with basal angles elongated, partially surrounding column

45 Leaf usually 1 cm or more wide; lip more than 2 mm wide.

. O. rotundata

45’ Leaf usually less than 1 cm wide; lip less than 1.5 mm wide. O. zygoglossa

41’ Lip without a claw deflexed 180°, type C

46 Sepals and petals ovate, long-acuminate

47 Sepals and petals long-attenuate, 1-veined. O. steyermarkii

47 Sepals and petals not long-attenuate, 3- to 7-veined

48 Lip decurved near the middle, the apex with a ventral tuberosity. O. anomala

48’ Lip ovate, not decurved, the apex with a superficial pouch. O. marsupialis

46 Sepals and petals variously ovate, not long-acuminate

49 Lip with the claw deflexed ca. 90°

50 Dorsal sepal broadly obtuse, shortly acuminate; lip with the claw nearly as

large as the blade. O. jauaensis

50’ Sepals and petals subacute to obtuse; lip with the claw conspicuously smaller

than the blade . O. heleneana

49’ Lip without a deflexed claw

51 Lip cordate or subcircular

52 Lip slightly convex, with margins minutely erose-denticulate. O. cordilabia

52’ Lip shallowly sulcate between low, indistinct calli, with margins entire.

. O. integrilabia

51 ’ Lip neither cordate nor subcircular

53 Lip with a conspicuous central callus

54 Lip with a verrucose callus and basal lobes

55 Lip with triangular basal lobes. O. oncidioides

55’ Lip with oblong, decurved basal lobes. O. odontoglossoides

54’ Lip with horse shoe-shaped callus, without basal lobes. O. callosa

53’ Lip without a conspicuous central callus

56 Lip subquadrate with a pair of converging calli on middle third

57 Sepals and petals acute; lip thin, rectangular. O. nana

57’ Sepals and petals broadly obtuse; lip thick, subcordate....O. tapiricataractii

56’ Lip without a pair of calli on middle third

58 Ramicauls ca. 1 mm long: plant long-repent. O. romerorum

58’ Ramicauls more than 1 cm long; plant caespitose

59 Lip thick, rhombic, studded with glandular cells. O. exigua

59’ Lip with basal lobes, not rhombic

60 Lip with the lobes formed by triangular calli. O. parvifolia

60’ Lip with the lobes marginal. O. acicularis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria acicularis Luer & R.Vasquez, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin acicularis, "like a needle," referring to the leaves.

Species haec Octomeriae filifoliae C.Schweinf. affinis, sed flore minore, sepalis petalisque oblongis

obtusis et labelli lobis erectis non antrorsis inter se concavis differt.

Plant small, slender, epiphytic, caespitose. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 3-4 cm long, enclosed

by 4-5 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly linear, acute, thick, 4-5 cm long, 0.1-

0.1.5 cm wide and thick in the dry state, linear into the base. Inflorescence a single flower produced

successively by peduncles less than 1 mm long in a fascicle, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2

mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals yellow, membranous, glabrous, oblong,

obtuse, free, 2.6 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined; petals similar, yellow, oblong, obtuse, 2.6 mm long,

0.4 mm wide, 1-veined; lip type C, yellow, ovate-trilobed, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide across the lateral

lobes expanded, the lateral lobes marginal, erect, broadly rounded, occupying the half below the middle,

the anterior lobe obtuse, ovate-subquadrate, concave, with cellular-erose margins toward the apex, the

disc shallowly but sharpely concave above a transverse callus between the lateral lobes, the base broadly

truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, thick, 0.5 mm long, the anther apical,

the stigma subapical.

PERU: Amazonas: Bagua, Imaza, community of Wawas, alt. 1200 m, 21 Oct. 1997, R. Vasquez, J. Lirio

& G. Pitug 24634 (Holotype of O. acicularis : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21383.

Vegetatively, this little species is indistinguishable from a small plant of Octo¬

meria filifolia C.Schweinf. In the dry state, the leaves are only about one millimeter

wide and thick. A single flower, smaller than O. filifolia , is produced successively

from the apex of the equally narrow ramicaul. The sepals and petals are oblong,

single-veined and obtuse. The lip, type C, is only one millimeter long. Between

proportionately large, erect lateral lobes that occupy the lower half of the lip, the

disc is concave above a transverse callus across the basal third.

Octomeria anomala Garay & Dunst., Venez. Orch. Ill. 6: 284, 1976.

Ety.: From the Latin anomalus , "aberrant, unusual," in allusion to the floral parts.

Plant small, lithophytic to epiphytic, very shortly repent, the rhizome ca. 1 mm long between rami¬

cauls, roots slender. Ramicauls purple, slender, erect, terete, 5-7.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular

sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, acute, 4-5.5 cm long, 1.2 cm wide, cuneate below into a

petiole ca. 5 mm long. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively, borne by abbreviated

peduncles ca. 1 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; flowers dark

purple; sepals glabrous, elliptical, obtuse, long-acuminate, the dorsal sepal concave, 11 mm long, 5 mm

wide, 7-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 10 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate 1 mm, with 4 to 6 branching

veins; petals elliptical, oblique, acute, long-acuminate, 9 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, with 3 branching veins;

lip type B, thick, glabrous, arcuate, decurved near the middle, broadly oblong-ovate, 1.75 mm long, 1.8

mm wide, the apex thickened, narrowed, subacute to obtuse, shallowly concave behind a small callus at

the tip, with a solid, rounded callus externally below the tip, the disc convex and shallowly sulcate, the

base broadly truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column short, broad, conical, 1.5 mm long,

with the anther apical apical and the stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: summit of Cerro Marahuaca, alt. 2750 m, May 1975, G.C.K. Dunsterville

1337 (Holotype of O. anomala : AMES), C. Luer illustr. 19218.

This species is rare, apparently known from only one locality in the Amazonas

of Venezuela. The sepals and petals are elliptical-ovate with obtuse apices long-

acuminate. The most unusual type C lip is broadly ovate and arcuate, more or less

decurved near the middle with a convex disc. The apex is shallowly concave below

a callus at the narrowed, obtuse tip, with a rounded callus externally below the tip.

78 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria bomboizae Luer, Selbyana 23(1): 29, fig. 21, 2002.

Ety.: Named for the Mission Bomboiza in Ecuador, near where the species was collected.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 7-11 cm long,

enclosed by 7-8 imbricating to shredded, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute,

4.5-5.5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the sessile base. Inflorescence a single

flower produced successively in a fascicle of abbreviated peduncles ca. 2 mm long, at the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals pale apricot,

lightly suffused with rose, glabrous, free, the sepals broadly elliptical, obtuse to rounded at the apex, the

dorsal sepal 7 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals slightly oblique, overlapping below

the middle, 7-7.25 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, 3-veined; petals colored as the sepals, broadly obovate,

obtuse, 5.5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 3-veined; lip rose, glabrous, broadly elliptical-subtrilobed, 3.5 mm

long, 3 mm wide, with obscure lateral lobes low, rounded, above the broad, thick claw, the anterior lobe

elliptical with broadly undulating margins, the apex truncate-retuse, the disc shallowly concave between

a pair of parallel calli on the middle third, and with a midline callus on the apical third, the claw broadly

truncate, hinged to the free tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, with a thick foot

nearly as long, the anther apical and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, near Paquisha, alt. 1500 m, collected Jan. 1989

by C. & J. Luer & A. & P. Jesup, cultivated by P. Jesup in Bristol, CT, in flower 21 May 1982, C. Luer

16248 (Holotype" MO); Parque Nac. Podocarpus, south of Zamora, 1 Nov. 2002, J. Grant et al. 02-4252

(NEU, MO, SEL), C. Luer illustr. 20437A.

Morona-Santiago: collected near Bomboiza, cultivated in Gualaceo by Ecuagenera, Mar. 2001, C. Luer

19841 (MO).

This species from southeastern Ecuador is characterized by stout ramicauls and

elliptical, sessile leaves. Flowers are produced successively in a fascicle from the

apex of the ramicaul. The sepals and petals are broadly elliptical, obtuse to rounded

at the apex, and overlapping. The lip is short and broad with low, obscure lobes

below the middle. On the disc are a pair of calli on the middle third and a midline

callus on the apical third.

Octomeria callosa Luer, Phytologia 49: 197, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin callosus, "with callus," referring to the large callus on the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 4-10 cm long,

enclosed by 4-5 tubular sheaths on the lower half. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-

ovate, acute, 4.5-8.5 cm long, 1-1.2 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 5-8 mm long. Inflorescence a

single flower produced successively by abbreviated peduncles ca. 1 mm long, in a fascicle at the apex of

the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals translucent rose,

suffused with darker rose, free, glabrous, the dorsal sepal elliptical, obtuse, 3 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals elliptical-obovate, oblique, obtuse, 3 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 3-veined; petals

translucent rose, elliptical, obtuse, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip type C, dull yellow, suffused

with purple, thick, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, 2.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the disc with a large, inverted,

U-shaped callus filling the middle third, shallowly concave between the limbs of the callus, the base

broadly truncate, firmly fixed to an obsolescent column-foot; column white, semiterete, 1.25 mm long,

with the anther apical and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Loja: south of Yangana, alt. 2450 m, 12 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. D’Alessandro

6189 (Holotype of O. callosa : SEL); Cachaco, south of Yangana, alt. 2250 m, 26 Sept. 1980, flowered in

cultivation 10 May 1981, C. Luer & D. D’Alessandro 6130 (SEL); between Yangana and Altos de

Numbala, alt. 2750 m, July 1982, C.H. Dodson & A. Embree 13249 (SEL, US); north of the pass south of

Yangana, alt. 2400 m, 1 Nov. 1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 8255 (SEL); along army road to the antenna

east of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 22 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10809 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: east of the pass east of Loja, alt. 2500 m, 21 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. &. P.

Jesup 16076 (MO).

PERU: Cajamarca: San Ignacio, alt. 2420 m, 19 Aug. 1998, 7. Campos, L. Campos & J. Zurita 5599

(MO).

This species from southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru is distinguished by

the proportionately large, thick, ovate lip with a tall, prominent callus that occupies

much of the disc. Two lamellae meet a short distance above the base to form an

inverted, horse shoe-shaped callus.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 79

Octomeria colombiana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 121, 1920.

Ety.: Named for the country of origin.

Syn.: Octomeria amazonica Pabst, Orquidea (Rio de Janeiro) 29(1): 8, 1967.

Ety.: Named for the state Amazonas, where the species was collected.

Syn.: Octomeria auriculata Luer & Dalstrom, Selbyana 23(1): 26, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin auriculatus, "with ears," referring to the lateral lobes of the lip.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender,

erect, terete, 2-10 cm long, enclosed by 2-5 close, deciduous, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

narrowly elliptical-linear, acute, 4-9 cm long, 0.2-0.6 cm wide, narrowed below into an ill-defined pe¬

tiole less than ca. 0.5 cm long. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively by a pedicel less

than 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts numerous, shredded, 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels

1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1-2 mm long; sepals pale yellow, free, membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

elliptical-ovate, acute to subacute, 5-6 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong, ob¬

lique, subacute, 4-8 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, elliptical, acute to subacute, 2-7

mm long, 1-3 mm wide, incompletely 3-veined; lip red, rose or yellow, ovate-trilobed, glabrous, 2-3 mm

long, 0.75-2 mm wide expanded, the lateral lobes erect, rounded, below the middle, the apical lobe ovate,

obtuse to subtruncate, the disc with a pair of thin, lamellate calli from about the middle of the lateral

lobes onto the anterior lobe, the base unguiculate, truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column terete,

I. 3-1.75 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: without specific locality, alt. 1500 m, M. Madero s.n. (Holotype of O. colombiana

lost at B, Neotype here designated: C. Luer 17707 , MO).

Antioquia: Repressa Miraflores, flowered in cultivation at Colomborqufdeas, 3 June 1995, C. Luer

17707 (MO); Munic. San Luis, camino hacia Las Camilias, alt. 800 m, 20 Feb. 1984, S. Hoyos & J.

Hernandez 941 (JAUM, MO).

Amazonas: Vaupes: Rio Apaporis, alt. ca. 900 ft., Jan. 1952, R.E. Schultes & L Cabrera 19584A

(AMES); Vaupes, Rio Kudujari, near Mitu, alt. unk., 12 Aug. 1960, LA. Garay et al., 98 (AMES).

ECUADOR: Napo: between Cotundo and Coca, alt. 1000 m, July 1984, A. Hirtz 1863 (MO), C. Luer

illustr. 21391; north of Lumbaqui, Bermejo oil fields, alt. 850 m, 9 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz

&A. Embree 11722 (M0).

Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutucu, new road between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al 13957, 13981, 13985 (MO); same area, alt. 1050 m, 16 Feb. 1993, S. Dalstrom, T.

Hoijer & H. Wanntorp 1922 (holotype of O. auriculata: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19164.

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor: east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1500 m, 19 May 1988, C. Luer,

A. Hirtz , A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13485 (MO); Cordilla del Condor, south of Paquisha, Rio Nangarit-

za, alt. 950 m. 11 Feb. 1993, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & H. Wanntorp 1889 (MO);

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Larecaja, above Tipuani, stream above Unutuluni, alt, 1150 m, 29 Aug. 1991, C.

Luer, J. Luer et al. 15377 (MO); Nor Yungas, north of Caranavi, Buena Vista, Aug. 1991, cultivated in

Quito by Hirtz, C. Luer 15548 (MO).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Reserva Florestal Ducke, near Manaus, 18 Jan. 1968, E. Ferreira 58-314 (holo¬

type of O. amazonica: HB).

Espirito Santo: Linhares, 13 Jan. 1994, D.A. Folli 2167 (CVRD, SEL).

This species occurs frequently below 1500 meters above sea level in eastern

Ecuador, but it is collected infrequently in southeastern Colombia and adjacent

Venezuela, the Guyanas, Peru, Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil. It grades into the

smaller-flowered Octomeria parvula C.Schweinf. Octomeria colombiana is a small

plant characterized by slender ramicauls with more or less equally long, slender

leaves about half a centimeter wide. The sepals of the yellow flowers vary from

about four to six millimeters long, and the simple, red or yellow, type A lip varies

from two or three millimeters long. All the above apply to Schlechter’s description

of O. colombiana , except for his illustration which shows the margins of the anteri¬

or lobe of the lip markedly undulate, which could be an artifact from a faulty inter¬

pretation of an old, rehydrated flower.

Octomeria concolor Barb.Rodr. Gen. Sp. Orchid., 2: 100, 1881.

Ety.: From the Latin concolor , "of one color," referring to the flowers.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizome stout, 1-5 mm long between ramicauls,

roots fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, ascending at the base, 3-7 cm long, enclosed by 3-4 shreddded,

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 3-7 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide, narrow-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ly cuneate below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence 1-3 single flowers produced simultaneously

in a fascicle, borne by peduncles 1 mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral bracts 3 mm long; pedicels 1

mm long; ovary 2 mm long; flowers yellow-white; sepals free, similar, glabrous, elliptical-ovate, sub¬

acute to acute, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals elliptical, subacute, 3-4 mm long,

1.75-2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip suboblong-trilobed, glabrous, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, the lateral lobes

low, rounded, below the middle, the apical lobe ovate, subtruncate, with margins more or less slightly

undulate and minutely irregular, with the disc broadly and shallowly concave between a pair of parallel

calli below the middle, the base truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 1.5

mm long, the anther and stigma subapical.

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: near Mendes, Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. [Syntype lost; Lectotype of O. concol-

or , here designated: fig. B, tab. 190, vol. 3, Barb.Rodr., Icon. Orchid. Bresil, orig. illustr. at the Library,

Rio de Janeiro Bot. Gard., cited as tab. 616 (unpub.), Barb. Rodr., 1881; Cogn. in Mart., FI. Bras. 3(4),

tab. 129, fig. Ill, 1896; reprod. in Sprunger et al., 1996, 1: 248, fig. B].

Sao Paulo: in itinere Cerqueira, Fazenda Bellavista, July 1901, cultivated by Wettstein & Schiffner 158

(W); Itatinga, Alex. Hummel 8 (BR).

Parana: Villa Velha, cultivated 27 Mar. 1911, P. Dusen 11600 (AMES).

Bahia: Floresta-Azul-Fazanda Indaia, alt. 250 m, 7 Nov. 1967, Grupo de Piracicaba, A. Oliveira 17762

(M, SP).

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Yapacanf, alt. 600 m, cultivated by and cultivated in Montero, 20 Aug. 1991, by

Darwin Ric, C. Luer 15335 (MO).

La Paz: Parque Nacional Madidi, road to Tumupasa, alt. 830 m, 9 Aug. 2000, T. Kromer & C. Acebey

1408 (LPB, SEL), C. Luer illustr. 21476.

PERU: Amazonas: Bagua: Imaza, Comunidad Aguaruna de Wanas, between Bagua and Imacita, Cher-

ros Chinim, alt. 700-800 m, 29 Aug. 1996, C. Diaz, A. Pena, L. Tsamajain & M. Roca 8066 (MO), C.

Luer illustr. 21385.

Octomeria concolor was treated by Barbosa Rodrigues (1881: 100) as collected

in Rio de Janeiro, but his collections have been lost. His illustration serves as the

lectotype, as well as a fine model for identifying the species. It is characterized by a

shortly repent rhizome; a narrowly elliptical leaf about one centimeter wide borne

by an equally long ramicaul; and a few small flowers with sepals about three and

four millimeters long. The type A lip is broad with low, broadly rounded lateral

lobes. Plants answering the description of Octomeria concolor occur at low al¬

titudes from southern and eastern Brazil, and north through Bolivia and Peru.

Octomeria condorensis Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for the Cordillera del Condor, where the species was collected.

Species haec Octomeriae colombianae Schltr. affinis, sed sepalis petalisque longioribus et labelli

lobis lateralibus humilibus latissime rotundis differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls relatively stout, erect, 4-9 cm

long, enclosed by 4-5 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 5-7 cm

long, 0.5-0.7 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single flower

produced by a peduncle less than 2 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedi¬

cels 2 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; sepals orange, free, the sepals elliptical-ovate, acute, the dorsal

sepal 8.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals slightly oblique, 9 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-

veined; petals orange, elliptical, acute, 7.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip glabrous, red, suboblong,

3-lobed, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes erect, broadly rounded, concave, below the mid¬

dle, the anterior lobe ovate, subtruncate, with undulate margins, the disc shallowly concave between a

pair of parallel calli on the middle third, the base truncate, hinged to the free tip of the column-foot;

column semiterete, 2.5 mm long, with a foot 1.5 mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Conder, east of Quisme, alt. 1650 m, 20 Jan. 1989, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al 14024 (Holotype of O. condorensis : MO; Isotype: SEL).

This species from the Cordillera del Condor is similar to the widely distributed

pale yellow-flowered Octomeria colombiana Schltr. with sepals four to five milli¬

meters long. It differs from the latter with wider leaves and larger, orange flowers

with sepals eight to nine millimeters long. The lateral lobes of the lip are reduced to

round, concave undulations, instead of erect lobes.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria connellii Rolfe, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. ser. 2, 6: 60, 1901.

Ety.: Named for F.V. McConnell, collector of this species.

Syn.: Octomeria flaviflora C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl., 19: 207, 1961.

Ety.: From the Latin flaviflorus, "with yellow flowers."

Plant small to large, robust, epiphytic to terrestrial, caespitose with the rhizome thick, roots thick,

fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, terete, occasionally prolific, 5-40 cm long, enclosed by 5-7 tubular,

nonimbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly ovate to nearly linear, acute, 5-18 cm

long, 1-2.2 cm wide, cuneate below into a conduplicate petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflorescence several

flowers produced simultaneously in a fascicle by peduncles 2-3 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts 3 mm long; pedicel 2-4 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, elliptical-

ovate, acute, similar, the dorsal sepal 5-14 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals slightly

oblique, free, 5-13.5 mm long, 3-4.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, eliptical-ovate, acute, 5-11 mm

long, 3-4 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, glabrous, oblong-trilobed, obtuse, arcuate below the middle, 4-

5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3 mm wide across expanded lobes, the lobes above the base, erect, uncinate,

antrorse, the apical lobe elliptical, subtruncate, with minutely erose margins, the disc channeled between

a pair of parallel calli descending from the lateral lobes, the base truncate, hinged to the tip of the col¬

umn-foot; column yellow, semiterete, 2-3 mm long, the foot nearly as long, the anther subapical, the

stigma ventral.

GUYANA: "summit of Mount Roraima, alt. 8,600 ft.," 1898, F.V. McConnell & J.J. Quelch 700 (Holo-

type of O. connellii: K), C. Luer illustr. 19163; Mt. Roraima, southwest plateau, alt. 8,700 ft., Forest

Dept, of British Guyana 2875 (K); Potaro-Siparumi, Mt. Wokomung, alt. 1600 m, 19 Nov. 1993, T.W.

Henkel et al. 4513 (AMES, MO, US).

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro Huachamacari, Rio Cunucunuma, alt. 1800 m, 6 Dec. 1950, B. Ma¬

guire, R.S. Cowan & J.J. Wurdack 30024 (holotype of O. flaviflora: AMES; isotype: NY); Cerro Sipa-

po, Cano Profundo, alt. 1600 m, 12 Jan. 1949, B. Maguire & L. Politi 28315 (AMES, NY); Cerro Guai-

quinima, Rio Paragua, alt. 1500 m, 31 Dec. 1951, B. Maguire 32877 (AMES, NY); Chimanta Massif,

below upper falls of Rio Tirica, alt. 1940 m, 7 Feb. 1955, J.A. Steyermark & J.J. Wurdack 607 (AMES);

Cerro de la Neblina, Rio Yatua, alt. 1200-2200 m, 1-2 Dec. 1957, B. Maguire, J.J. Wurdack & C.K.

Maguire 42280 (AMES, K, NY); Atabapo, Cerro Marahuaca, alt. 2850 m, 31 Jan. 1982, J.A. Steyermark

et al. 125933 (K, MO, VEN), C. Luer illustr. 21382; Rio Negro, Cerro Aracamuni, alt. 1400 m, 27 Oct.

1987, R. Liesner & G. Camevali 22558 (MO).

Bolivar: Mount Roraima, alt. 8,700 ft., 7 Jan. 1939, A.S. Pinkus 101 (AMES, NY); Mount Roraima, alt.

2560-2620 m, 27 Sept. 1944, J.A. Steyermark 58795 (AMES); Auyan-tepui, alt. 2200 m, Dec. 1937-Jan.

1938, G.H.H. Tate 1235 (AMES); Auyan-tepui, alt. 1800 m, 7 May 1964, J.A. Steyermark 93522

(AMES, K, NY); summit of Auyan-tepui, alt. 2150 m, 3 Feb. 1988, F. Delascio 13639 (MO, VEN), C.

Luer illustr. 21457; Meseta del Jaua, Cerro Sarisarinama, alt. 700 m, 12-15 Feb, 1974, J.A. Steyermark et

al. 109105 (K, VEN); same locality, alt. 1750 m, 22-28 Feb. 1974, J.A. Steyermark et al. 109396-A

(AMES, VEN); Cerro Roraima, headwaters of Rio Arabapo, alt. 2750-2800 m, 26 Aug.-2 Sept. 1976,

J.A. Steyermark et al. 112567 (K, VEN); Kukenan Tepui, alt. 2550 m, 11 Apr. 1988, R. Liesner 23121

(MO); Roraima, Gran Sabana, alt. 2650 m, 15 Aug. 1989, F. Zuloaga & O. Huber 4452 (K, VEN);

Roscio, Matahultepui, alt. 2700-3000 m, 22 Aug. 1982; Piar, Macizo del Chimanta, alt. 1850 m, 2 Feb.

1983, J.A. Steyermark, O. Huber & V. Carreho 128550 (MO, VEN); Ilu-tepui, alt. 2500 m, 15 Apr.

1988, R. Liesner 23375 (MO).

This robust species, endemic in eastern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana, is not

uncommon growing terrestrially on the tepuis of eastern Venezuela. It is character¬

ized by a large habit with strong, terete ramicauls with narrowly ovate to nearly

linear leaves. A few to several, simultaneous, large flowers, often described as

being deep yellow in color, vary greatly in size. The sepals and petals are elliptical-

ovate, acute, free and three-veined. The type A lip is ovate with a minutely erose

margin, and with a pair of small, erect lobules at the base. Apparently unnoticed by

Rolfe, these lobules were not included in his description.

Octomeria cordilabia C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 19: 204, 1961.

Ety.: From the Latin cordilabius, "with heart-shaped lip."

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 5-30 cm

long, enclosed by 3-10 close, imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly ellip¬

tical, acute, 3-7 cm long, 3-6 mm wide, cuneate below into a subpetiolate, conduplicate base. Inflores¬

cence a single flower produced successively by peduncles ca. 1 mm long in a fascicle, at the base of the

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

leaf; floral bracts 5 mm long; pedicels 6 mm long with a filament sometimes 1 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm

long; sepals yellow, glabrous, free, the dorsal sepal broadly obovate, with the apex broadly obtuse or

rounded, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals broadly elliptical, obtuse, slightly over¬

lapping at the base, 5.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, broadly elliptical, obtuse, oblique,

4.5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 3-veined; lip type C, yellow with red center, glabrous, subcircular-trilobed,

with minutely erose margins, 1.25 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, the apex rounded with a pair of minute points,

the lobes basal, erect, flanking the column, the disc shallowly concave between a pair of low, central

calli, the base truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot at the base of the lip; column yellow, semi-

terete, 1.25 mm long, with the anther subapical and the stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Atabapo, Cerro de la Neblina, Rio Yatua, near Cumbre Camp, alt. 1800 m,

29 Nov. 1957, B. Maguire, J.J. Wurdack & C. Maguire 42258 (Holotype of Octomeria cordilabia : NY);

Cerro Huachamacari, Rio Cunucunuma, alt. 1800 m, 8 Dec. 1950 m, B. Maguire, R.S. Cowan & J.

Wurdack 30035 (Paratype: NY); Cerro de la Neblina, Rio Yatua, alt. 1700-1800 m, B. Maguire, J.

Wurdack & G. Bunting 37099 (Paratypes: AMES, NY); headwaters of Canyon Grande, alt. 1900 m, lb-

17 Oct. 1970, J.A. Steyermark 103952 (AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21239; Rio Venamo, alt. 950-1400 m, 28

Dec. 1963, J.A. Steyermark, G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 92315 (AMES, K, VEN); Cerro de la Neblina,

Pico Zoloaga, alt. 1900 m, 17 Apr. 1984, B.A. Stein & A. Gentry 1605A (MO); Rio Negro, Cerro Araca-

muni, alt. 1550 m, 18 Oct. 1987, R. Liesner & F. Delascio 22089 (MO, VEN); Cerro de la Neblina. alt.

1670 m, 13 Feb. 1985, B.M. Boom & A.L. Weitzman 5841 (AMES, VEN).

Bolivar: Piar, Camarcaibarai-tepui, alt. 1800 m, 23 May 1986, B. Holst, J.A. Steyermark & R. Liesner

2881 (MO, VEN); south of El Dorado, alt. 1280, 21 Nov. 1960, J.A. Steyermark & P. Maas 123681

(SEL, VEN).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Cerro Neblina, ridge line on Venezuelan border, alt. 2100 m, 17 Apr. 1984, A.

Gentry & B. Stein 46739 (MO).

Octomeria cordilabia is a narrow-leaved species locally common in Amazonian

Venezuela. Dunsterville noted that when growing in short, crowded, competitive

vegetation, a plant of O. cordilabia produces a long ramicaul that bears the flowers

far above the competiting vegetation. The sepals and petals are broadly obtuse, and

three-veined. The base of the erose, cordate blade of the type C lip is attached to

the base of the column.

Octomeria costaricensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:111,1923.

Ety.: Named for Costa Rica, the country of origin.

Syn.: Octomeria ventii H.Dietr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 96: 39, 1985, nom. inval. without

type; FI. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A. PI, Vase. 12(2): 17-18, 2007.

Ety.: Named for Prof. Walter Vent, professor of systematic botany, Naturkundemuseum, Berlin.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose to shortly repent, the rhizome stout, 3-4 mm

thick, 1-5 mm long between ramicauls, roots slender to fleshy. Ramicauls slender to stout, erect, 3-18

cm long, with 4-5 distant, tubular, early shredded sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical,

subacute to acute, 3-20 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the shortly petiolate base. Inflores¬

cence a single flower or a few flowers produced simultaneously in a fascicle, borne by peduncles 1-2

mm long, from the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts cucullate, ribbed, 2-4 mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm

long; ovary 2-5 mm long; sepals yellow, free, similar, glabrous, elliptical-ovate, subacute to narrowly

obtuse, 5-7 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, elliptical-ovate, acute to obtuse, 6-7 mm

long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, oblong-trilobed, glabrous, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide

expanded, the lateral lobes low, rounded, below the middle, the apical lobe ovate, with margins minutely

erose, undulate, obtuse to subtruncate at the tip, the disc shallowly concave between a pair of calli from

the lateral lobes to about the middle, the base truncate, hinged to the free tip of the column-foot; column

semiterete, denticulate at the apex, 1.5-2 mm long, the anther subapical and stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Alantic coastal region, Finca of Brothers Hundrisser, Aug.-Sept. 1909, A. & C. Brade

1217 (Holotype of O. costaricensis destroyed at B; Lectotype here designated, A. & C. Brade 1217 : HB;

illustr. at AMES 31270).

Heredia: La Selva, 30 Sept. 1985, J.T. Atwood 85-56 (SEL).

Without locality, ca. 1878, A. Endres 1163 (W).

NICARAGUA: Zelaya: new road to Mina Nueva America, 27 Apr. 1978, W.D. Stevens 8368 (MO,

SEL).

Jinotega: alt. 3,000 ft., A. Heller 7212 (SEL).

PANAMA: Colon: Santa Rita lumber road, 9 Aug. 1970, R.L. Dressier 3882 (MO); Santa Rita Ridge,

southeast of Col6n, alt. 500 m, 17 Sept. 1987, G. McPherson 11738 (MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 83

Panama: Cativa-Porto Bello Trail, sea level, no date, C.W. Powell 413 (AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21414;

Llano-Carti road, alt. 650 m, 3 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressier 1005 (SEL).

Darien: Rio Morti, drill site 7, alt. 250 m, 18 Sept. 1967, J.A. Duke 14191 (MO).

CUBA: Oriente, Loma del Gato, Sept. 1859-Jan. 1860 C. Wright 654 (K, W).

Guantanamo: "Monteverde, montes y cafetales,” alt. 700 m, 30 Dec. 1969, L. Figueiras 2559 (holotype

of O. ventii : HAJB; isotype: HAC).

Holguin: Sierra de Nipe, flowered in cultivation, Botanical Garden, Jena, collected 1984 by H. Dietrich

(JE); Sierra de Nipe, collected Nov. 1997, C. Luer et al., flowered in cultivation, Jan. 2002, by P. Jesup

in Bristol, CT, C. Luer 18633 (MO); Sierra de Nipe, near Woodfred, alt. 450-550 m, 5 Dec. 1908, J.A.

Schafer 3039 (AMES, NY); Sierra de Nipe, Rio Piloto, alt. 350 m, 17 Feb. 1917, E.L. Ekman 9033 (US);

Moa, La Melba, valle del arroyo grande sur de la Sierra de Moa, 28 Dec. 1968, J. Bisse & H. Lippert

11565 (JE); Moa, road from Moa to La Melba, 30 Jan 1969, H. Lippold 12501 (JE).

Widely distributed in the southern part of Central America, and with a disjunct

population on the island of Cuba, this species was first collected in Cuba by Wright,

probably in 1859. In Costa Rica, it was collected by Endres about 1878, and next,

by the brothers Brade in 1909, but it was not formally described as Octomeria

costaricensis until 1923 by Schlechter from this last collection. The Cuban collec¬

tion had been identified as Octomeria tridentata Lindl., a Loddiges collection from

South America, not only because Wright’s collection ( Wright 654) had been mount¬

ed on the same sheet as the holotype of O. tridentata , but also because of Cog-

niaux’s treatments in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis and his Orchidaceae Antillanae ,

where he identified the Cuban plant as O. tridentata. As the only one species of

Octomeria known on the island, it escaped recognition until described by Helga

Dietrich as Octomeria ventii.

Octomeria costaricensis , vegetatively and fiorally variable, is characterized by a

caespitose to shortly repent, or ascending habit. The leaves are usually narrowly

elliptical and variable in length. The sepals and petals are three-veined, elliptical-

ovate, and between five and seven millineters long. The lip is type A with low,

rounded lateral lobes, and a minutely erose, obtuse anterior lobe. Variations of the

lobes of the lip are frequent.

Octomeria dalstroemii Luer, Selbyana 22(2): 117, 2001.

Ety.: Named for Stig Dalstrom, freelance artist and botanist, who collected this species.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender,

erect, terete, 10-17 cm long, 2 mm wide, enclosed by 6-8 tubular, deciduous sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly

coriaceous, narrowly linear, channeled, not semiterete, acute, 8-12 cm long, 3-4 mm wide, 1.5 mm thick,

continuous below into the sessile base, more or less twisted. Inflorescence a single flower produced

successively by abbreviated peduncles 1-2 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm

long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm long; sepals light yellow or light brown, glabrous, mem¬

branous, elliptical, subacute to narrowly rounded, 3-veined, the dorsal sepal free, 8-10 mm long, 3 mm

wide, the lateral sepals diverging, connate below the basal quarter, 7.5-10 mm long, 3 mm wide; petals

light yellow or light brown, elliptical, acute, 7-8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip glabrous, red or

red-brown, broadly oblong or ovate-subquadrate, trilobed, sometimes undulate, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm

wide, broadly rounded or truncate at the apex, with a minute apiculum, the lateral lobes on the lower

third, erect, low, round, the disc with a pair of parallel calli from the lateral lobes, the midvein thickened,

the base broadly truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column white, semiterete, 2.5 mm long,

the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: near Chigiiinda, alt. ca. 1000 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 7

Mar, 2001, C. Luer 19837 (Holotype of O. dalstroemii : MO); above Gualaquiza, alt. 1700 m, 26 Dec.

1982, S. Dalstrom 396 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 8710; Cordillera del Condor, east of Chuchumbletza, alt.

1750 m, 21 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13558 (MO).

This uncommon species of comparatively lowland eastern Ecuador is character¬

ized by long ramicauls and long, very narrow leaves, together more than 20 cen¬

timeters tall. The flowers of Octomeria semiconnata C.Schweinf. are similar, but

the lateral sepals of the latter are parallel and semiconnate. The blade of the type A

lip of both species is broadly oblong with rounded lateral lobes, and with the anteri¬

or lobe with thin sides more or less undulating.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria deceptrix Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin deceptrix, "a deceiver," referring to the erroneous identification.

Planta mediocris breviter repens, folio elliptico-ovato petiolato, sepalis petalisque similibus acutis, et

labelli lobis lateralibus humilibus obtusis distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizome stout, 4-5 mm thick, up to 8 mm long

between ramicauls, roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, terete below, more or less compressed above,

5-9 cm long, enclosed by 4-5 imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical-

ovate, acute, 5-7 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, cuneate below into a more or less twisted petiole 5 mm long.

Inflorescence a single flower produced successively by an abbreviated peduncle 1 mm long, at the apex

of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals white to

yellow, often suffused with rose, glabrous, free, the dorsal sepal elliptical-obovate, subacute, 6-9 mm

long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical, acute, 6-9 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined;

petals colored as the sepals, elliptical, acute, 6-9 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, suf¬

fused with red-purple, thick, glabrous, oblong-trilobed, with undulate margins, 4.7-5 mm long, 2.3 mm

wide, the apex subtruncate or obtuse, the lobes low, obtuse, oblique, erect, on the lower third, the disc

shallowly concave between a pair of calli on the middle third, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the

free tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 3 mm long, with the anther apical and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Morona Santiago: crest above Bomboiza, collected by C. Luer & A. Andreetta, 4 Mar.

1982, flowered in cultivation 9 Apr. 1983, C. Luer 8709 (Holotype of O. deceptrix : SEL); south of

Gualaquiza, alt. 600 m, 6 Aug. 1975, flowered in cultivation 28 June 1976, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wil¬

helm 1007 (SEL).

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Atabapo, Cerro Marahuaca, branch of Cano Negro, alt. 1140 m, 21 Feb.

1985, J.A. Steyermark & B. Holst 130467, 130713, 130725 (MO, VEN), C. Luer illustr. 21398.

Bolivar: Rio Carrao, Dec. 1956, G.C.K. Dunsterville 392.

This species, misidentified in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated, vol. 4, as Octo¬

meria spathulata Rchb.f., is distributed across northern South America. Reichen-

bach described O. spathulata from a plant of unknown origin that was being culti¬

vated in Consul Schiller’s garden in Hamburg, a collection knowm to have Brazi¬

lian collections plants. A drawing of a hydrated flower from the holotype of O.

spathulata reveals that it is common the Brazilian O. alpina Barb.Rodr.

Octomeria deceptrix is characterized by an ascending, shortly repent habit; a

stout ramicaul that is compressed above; an elliptical-ovate leaf that is distinctly

petiolate; elliptical, acute sepals and petals that are similar to each other; and a

proportionately large, type A lip: with a pair of low, lateral lobes below the middle

that do not rise above the plane of the lip, and a pair of thick calli that extends for¬

ward onto the anterior lobe.

Octomeria dentifera C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 19: 205, 1961.

Ety.: From the Latin dentifer, "tooth bearing," referring to the denticulate margin of the lip.

Plant small, lithophytic, densely caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 5-8 cm

long, enclosed by 3-4 closely fitting, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly ovate,

acute, suffused with purple, 4.5-6 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, cuneate below into the subsessile base. In¬

florescence 1 or 2 single flowers produced simultaneously by abbreviated peduncles less than 1 mm

long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary ca. 2 mm long;

sepals white, glabrous, free, narrowly ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 10.5 mm long, 4.2 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals 10 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals white, narrrowly ovate, acute, 10

mm long, 3.7 mm wide, 3-veined; lip white, broadly oblong-trilobed, obtuse, glabrous, 5 mm long, 2 mm

wide unexpanded, the lateral lobes below the middle, erect, obtuse, antrorse, the margins of the middle

lobe denticulate, the disc with a converging pair of lamellate calli on the middle third descending from

the lateral lobes, the base truncate with a forked callus on each side, the lateral ramus descending toward

the lamellate callus, the medial ramus of each coalescing into a midline, descending callus, the base

hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column white, semiterete, slender, 2 mm long, the anther and

stigma subapical.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Churi-tepui (Muru-tepui), rock ledges in upper cumbre, alt. 2250-2300 m, 26

Jan. 1953, J.J. Wurdack 34218 (Holotype of O. dentifera : AMES; Isotype: NY), C. Luer illustr. 21358;

Chimanta Massif, Apacara-tepui, alt. 2450-2500 m, 21 June 1953, J.A. Steyermark 75867 (AMES, F, NY).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

A native of the tepuis of eastern Venezuela, this small species, found growing

on rocky ledges at high altitude, is rarely collected. Although the forked callus at

the base of the lip is most remarkable, this species was named for the denticulate

margin of the lip, a not unusual morphological feature in species of the genus

Octomeria.

Vegetatively, this species is small with acute, narrowly ovate leaves less than six

centimeters long, comparatively large flowers with sepals about ten millimeters

long, and a denticulate lip with small, antrorse lobes just below the middle and the

trifurcate callus mentioned above.

Octomeria diaphana Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 25 (Misc.): 91, 1839.

Ety.: From the Latin diaphanus, "transparent," referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Octomeria glazioveana Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: 277, 1883.

Ety.: Named for A.F.M. Glaziou, who collected this species.

Syn.: Octomeria recchiana Hoehne, Bot. Inst. Brasil. Sci. Ser. 3: 48, 1928.

Ety.: Named for Dr. Paulino Recch, from whose collection Hoehne made the specimen for description.

Syn.: Octomeria fialhoensis Dutra ex Pabst, Sellowia 10: 133, 1959.

Ety.: Named for Fazenda Fialho where the species was collected.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 6-9 cm

long, enclosed by 5-6 loose, oblique, deciduous sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ovate, acute, 5-8 cm

long, 1-2 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 1-1.5 cm long. Inflorescence 1 or a few single flowers

produced simultaneously or successively, borne by peduncles 1-1.5 mm long in a fascicle, at the apex of

the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals white, light

yellow, to orange, glabrous, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, acute, 6-11 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, 5-

veined, the lateral sepals ovate-triangular, acute, shortly connate at the base, 6-11 mm long, 2.5-3 mm

wide, each 5-veined; petals colored as the sepals, narrowly ovate to elliptical-oblong, acute, 6-8 mm

long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow or white, purple or brown below the middle, oblong-tri-

lobed, glabrous, 4-5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes low, erect, more or less obtuse, below the

middle, the anterior lobe oblong-ovate, minutetly erose, the apex obtuse, rounded to truncate, the disc

with a pair of nearly parallel calli on the middle third, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the tip of the

column-foot; column white, semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the anther subapical and the stigma ventral.

BRAZIL: without collection data, imported from Brazil by Messrs. Loddiges s.n. (Holotype of O. dia-

phina : K).

Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Orgaos near Teresopolis, Feb. 1888, J.T. de Moura 103 (BR); Organ moun¬

tains, J. Miers s.n. (K); without collection data, A. Glaziou 5508 (W); 1888, A. Glaziou 17253 (K); 1891,

A. Glaziou 18528 (K); near Petropolis, cultivated by Orquidario Binot, 30 Nov. 1989. C. Luer 14496

(MO); without collection data, cultivated at the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, ca. 1882, A.F.M. Gla¬

ziou s.n. (holotype of O. glazioveana: LE); Retiro, Petropolis, 4 Dec, 1949, G. Pabst 798 (AMES, RJ), C.

Luer illustr. 21432; Tijuca, road to Pico de Tijuca, alt. 800 m, 7 Jan. 1951, G. Pabst 900 (AMES, RJ);

Serra da Carioca, Estrada do Sumar6, alt. ca. 600 m, 22 Apr. 1957, G. Pabst 1122 (AMES, RJ).

Parana: Desvio, Ypiranga, 24 Dec. 1909, P. Dusen 9833 (AMES); collected 1916, cultivated at Dahlem,

20 Sept. 1920, P. Dusen s.n. (M); G. Pabst 900 (AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21455.

Sao Paulo: Iguap6, Morro das Pedras, Dec. 1912, A.C. Brade 6240 (fide Schlechter); Amparo, 30 May

1927, P. Recch s.n. (holotype of O. recchiana: SP 20602).

Santa Catarina: Palho?a, Piloes, alt. 50-500 m, 29 Nov. 1956, L.B. Smith & R. Klein 7996 (AMES).

Rio Grande do Sul: Fazenda Fialho, Dutra 872 (holotype of O. fialhoensis: Inst, de Historia Nacional,

Porto Alegre).

Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, Esta?ao Biologica de Caixe D’Agua, 21 Mar. 1983, H.Q. Boudet Fernan¬

dez 03-1988 (MBML, MO).

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: reportedly collected by Lucho Mendoza, ca. 2006, vicinity of Santa Cruz,

flowered in cultivation in Houston, TX, Nov. 2009, by David Hunt s.n. (MO).

Octomeria diaphana Lindl. is one of the few Brazilian species that can be

recognized while not in flower. However, when compared to O. robusta Rchb.f. &

Warm., differences are limited to only the habit of growth, O. diaphana being

caespitose, and O. robusta being shortly repent with a stout rhizome. Superficially,

plants of O. diaphana with a broad leaf, borne by a ramicaul clad in larger than

usual, loose, tubular, oblique sheaths, resemble Restrepia Kunth. Lindley (1839)

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

thought that the pale flowers were transparent, hence the specific name. The sepals

and petals are acute, the sepals being five-veined, the petals 3-veined, and the lateral

sepals are more or less connate toward the base. The lip is type A with low, obtuse,

marginal lobes or angles below the middle, sometimes nearly retrorse, and minutely

erose above the middle.

In the description and illustration of Octomeria recchiana Hoehne, the surface

of the lip is portrayed as papillose, which is not the case. There are, however,

multiple crystaline deposits, so commonly seen in pleurothallids, that were probably

misinterpreted by the illustrator as being papillae, and hence the describer was

deceived. The name is referrred to O. diaphana in synonymy here.

Octomeria exigua C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 86-87, 1935.

Ety.: From the Latin exiguus, "little, weak," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Octomeria exigua C.Schweinf. var. elata C.Schweinf., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 216, 1948.

Ety.: From the Latin elatus , "tall," referring to the comparative height of the plant.

Syn.: Octomeria deltoglossa Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18: 199, 1958.

Ety.: From the Greek deltoglossa , "triangular lip," referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Octomeria kestrochila Garay & Dunst., Venez. Orch. Ill. 6: 288, 1976.

Ety.: From the Greek kestrochila , "strongly verrucose lip," referring to the labellum.

Plant small to very small, epiphytic, caespitose. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 1.5-11 cm long,

enclosed by 4-6 close, tubular, sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ovate, acute, thick, 1.5-6 cm

long, 0.4-0.6 cm wide, 0.2 mm thick, cuneate below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single

flower or up to 6 simultaneous flowers, borne by peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts 1-2 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals light yellow, mem¬

branous, glabrous, narrowly ovate, acute, free, the dorsal sepal 4-5.5 mm long, 1.2-1.8 mm wide, 3-

veined; the lateral sepals 4-5 mm long, 1.1-1.8 mm wide; petals light yellow-orange, narrowly ovate,

acute, 3.5-5 mm long, 1-1.4 mm wide, 3-veined; lip type C, yellow, diffusely cellular-papillose, thick,

ovate-trapezoid, ovoid, or somewhat diamond shaped, widest near the middle, subacute at the apex,

shallowly concave below the middle, thickened above the middle, 1.75 mm long, 1.75 mm wide expand¬

ed, the base truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column white, stout, 1 mm long, the anther

and stigma proportionally large, subapical, the foot 0.5 mm long.

GUYANA: Hoodsline, Feb. 1896, E.F. im Thum 115 B (Holotype of O. exigua : K); Potaro River, Sept.-

Oct. 1881, G.S. Jenman 1278 (K); Bartica-Potaro road, 18 Aug. 1937, N.Y. Sandwith 1120 (AMES, K);

Kaieteur Plateau, 5 May 1944, B. Maguire & D.B. Fanshawe 23256 (holotype of O. exigua var. elata :

AMES; isotype: NY); Upper Mararuni District, adjacent to eastern side of Eboropu Mountain, alt. 470

m, 12 Apr. 1979, P.J. Edwards 1257 (K); Ayanganna Plateau, Koatse River valley, alt. 550-650 m, 3

Mar. 1987, J.J. Pipoly 10986 (SEL)

SURINAME: Lely mountains, alt. 650 m, 30 May 1976, M. & P. Teunissen 1607 (SEL); Brownberg,

alt. 500 m, collected by R. Determann, cultivated at SEL, 13 May 1983, C. Luer 9065 (SEL); Wilhelmi-

na Mts. alt. 900 m, 14 July 1981, R. Determann 181, flowered in cultivation May 1983, C. Luer 9069

(SEL); Sipaliwini, Tafelberg, alt. 600-700 m, 27 June 1998, T. Hawkins 1828 (MO, SEL).

FRENCH GUYANA: without data, G. Cremers 13948 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 18675, Piste St. Elie, alt.

100 m, 13 May 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Barthelemy 12337 (MO).

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Upper Orinoco, summit of Cerro Yapacana, alt. 1000-1200 m, 5 May 1970,

J.A. Steyermark & Bunting 103130 (holotype of O. kestrochila : AMES); Rio Carrao, July 1955, G.C.K.

Dunsterville 289 (holotype of O. deltoglossa : AMES).

Amazonas: Cerro Sipapo, Paraque. alt. 1400 m, B. Maguire & L. Politi 27727 (NY); Atures, plateau

west of Rio Coro-Coro, alt. 1000 m, 3 Mar. 1987, R. Liesner & B. Holst 21563 (MO); Atabapo, Cerro

Marahuaca, alt. 1200 m, 18 Oct. 1988, R. Liesner 25050 (MO); Cerro Huachamacarf, alt. 800-1300 m, 5

Nov. 1988, R. Liesner 25877 (MO); between Sipapo and Tobograncito, Sept. 2000, G. Romero et al.

(AMES).

Bolivar: south of El Dorado, alt. 1100 m, 16 Mar. 1974, A. Gentry, G. & B. Morillo 10487 (MO); Cerro

Sarisarinama, Meseta del Jaua, alt. 1350 m, 20 Feb. 1974, J.A. Steyermark et al. 109260 (AMES); Piar,

Amaruay-tepui, alt. 700-900 m, 28 Apr. 1986, R. Liesner & B. Holst 20441 (MO); Macizo Guaiquinima,

Cerro Camerdn, alt. 800 m, Oct. 1988, A. Fernandez & G. Aymard 4769 (MO, YEN).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Vegetatively, this little species from northeastern South America is remarkable,

the mature ramicaul varying in length from one to eleven centimeters. The smallest

specimens of this species occur at low altitudes in the coastal Guyanas, while the

tallest plants occur at over 1000 meters in Venezuela. There is no significant

dfference otherwise in the flowers. The leaf is thick, narrowly ovate and acute, and

shorter than the ramicaul in tall plants. The sepals and petals are narrowly ovate

and acute. The most remarkable lip is thick, ovate-trapezoid, subacute, shallowly

concave, and diffusely covered by papillose cells.

The taxonomic limits defining some species of Octomeria are liberal. The

originally described Octomeria exigua C.Schweinf., as treated herein, includes both

the tiny variations at lower altitudes and the large, tall variations from higher al¬

titudes.

Octomeria filifolia C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl., 19: 206, 1961.

Ety.: From the Latin filifolius, "with thread-like leaves."

Plant small to medium in size, extremely slender, epiphytic, caespitose. Ramicauls slender, erect,

terete, 3.5-10 cm long, enclosed by 4-5 close, shredding, tubular, sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, nar¬

rowly linear, semiterete, acute, 9-12 cm long, 0.1-0.2 cm wide and equally thick, linear below into the

base. Inflorescence 1-2 single flowers produced successively by peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the apex

of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1-2 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals light yellow,

membranous, glabrous, narrowly ovate-triangular, acute, free, the dorsal sepal 5-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm

wide, 3-veined; the lateral sepals oblique, 5-5.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide; petals light yellow, narrowly

ovate, acute, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow with rose lateral lobes, ovate-trilobed, sub¬

truncate at the apex, shallowly convex and red centrally, the lateral lobes broad, below the middle, erect,

antrorse, the lip 1.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide across lateral lobes expanded, the base truncate, hinged to

the tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 1 mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: northwestern part of Abacapa-tepui, alt. 1300 m, 20 Apr. 1953, J.A. Steyermark

75181 (Holotype of O. filifolia: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21365; Auyan-tepui, Rio Churun, 15 Sept. 1958,

Pannier & Schwabe 1887A (AMES, VEN); Auyan-tepui, alt. 1800 m, 7 May 1964, J.A. Steyermark

93524 (K, NY); Meseta del Jaua, Cerro Sarisarinama, alt. 1410 m, 10 Feb. 1974, J.A. Steyermark 108907

(AMES); south of El Dorado, alt. ca. 2,500 ft., Nov. 1958, G.C.K. Dunsterville 476 ; south of El Dorado,

alt. 1100 m, 16 Mar. 1974, A. Gentry, G. Morillo & B. de Morillo 10474 (MO); Piar, between Camarcai-

barai-tepui and Terek6-Yuren-tepui, alt. 1800-1900 m, 23 May 1986, R. Liesner, J. Steyermark & B.

Holst 21020 (MO, VEN); Gran Sabana, Route 10 to Santa Elena de Uairen, alt. 1080 m, 6 May 1996, R.

Rivero et al. 2802 (SEL).

Amazonas: Atabapo, Cerro Marahuaca, alt. 1560 m, 13 Oct. 1983, J.A. Steyermark 129615 (MO, VEN);

Cerro Marahuaca, below Salto Los Monos, alt. 1500-1600 m, 20 Oct. 1988, R. Liesner 25115 (MO,

VEN).

GUYANA: Kwatung Mountains, east of Newbasu trail, alt. 1,500 ft., 1 Sept. 1925, AC/Los 387 (K);

Kaeteur Falls National Park, Tukeit trail, alt. 300 m, 11 June 1994, E.A. Christenson et al. 1933 (MO,

US).

COLOMBIA: Choco: below first rapids of Rio Truando, alt. 40-200 m, 15 June 1967, J.A. Duke

12254(6) (AMES).

No more than two millimeters wide, the leaves of this aptly named species from

northern South America are among the narrowest in the genus. The ramicauls are

equally slender. The sepals and petals are narrowly acute. The tiny type A lip is

only one and a half millimeters long. The proportionately large, antrorse lobes

occupy the lower half of the lip.

88 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria gemmula Camevali & I.Ramirez, Emstia 39: 13, 1986.

Ety.: From the Latin gemmula , "a little gem," alluding to qualities of the species.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly repent, accumulating into dense, overlapping masses, the rhizome

comparatively stout, 1-2 mm long between ramicauls, roots slender. Ramicauls comparatively stout,

erect, 3-15 mm long, with 2-3 imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical,

obtuse, lenticular, 8-12 mm long, 5-8.5 mm wide, cuneate below into the sessile base. Inflorescence a

single flower produced successively, from a spathe 5 mm long at the base of the leaf; peduncle 1-2 mm

long, deep within the spathe; pedicel 3-7 mm long; floral bract 1.5-3 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm long;

sepals white, free, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly elliptical, acute, 4-6 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide,

3-veined, the lateral sepals similar, slightly oblique, 4-6 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, 3-veined; petals

white, ovate, acute, 4-5.75 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, 3-veined; lip white, spotted with red, ovate, tri-

lobed, 2.5-3 mm long, 1 mm wide unexpanded, 2 mm wide across the lobes expanded, the middle lobe

ovate, rounded at the tip, the lateral lobes below the middle, erect, antrorse, broadly uncinate, acute, the

disc with a pair of low, oblique calli near the middle, minutely papillose above the base, the base sub¬

truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, with the anther apical and

the stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Atures, Rio Sipapo, near San Felipe, 20 Feb. 1985, G. Camevali, F.

Guanchez & E. Melgueiro 1715 (Holotype of O. gemmula : VEN); same collection data, G. Camevali et

al. 3879 (Paratype: TFAV); same area, Oct. 1988, G.A. Romero & F. Guanchez 1625 (AMES, MO,

TFAV, VEN), C. Luer illustr. 19213.

COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Vaup6s, Rio Piraparana, 18 Sept. 1952, R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 17516

(AMES).

This small, creeping, Amazonian species forms dense mats of entwined plants.

The thick leaves are elliptical and lens-shaped. From a comparatively large spathe,

the flowers are borne near the tips of the leaves or beyond by proportionately long

ovaries and pedicels. The similar sepals and petals are white, narrowly elliptical-

ovate and acute. The white lip is spotted with red and deeply trilobed with large,

uncinate lobes above the base

Octomeria georgei Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for George M. Luer, co-collector of this species.

Planta mediocris repens, rhizomati ramicaulibusque crassis, foliis ellipticis subacutis, sepalis peta-

lisque ellipticis subacutis, labello ovato ad apicem argute truncato distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome stout, 3 mm thick, 5-6 mm long between

ramicauls, roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 4.5-5.5 cm long, enclosed by 4 largely intact, tubular

sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 4.5-5 cm long, 1.5 cm wide dry, cuneate below into

a broadly petiolate base. Inflorescence 3-4 single flowers produced simultaneously in a fascicle, borne

by peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary

3 mm long; sepals rose, free, similar, glabrous, elliptical, subacute to acute, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-

veined; petals elliptical, acute, 6 mm long, 2.4 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, subovate-trilobed, gla¬

brous, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes low, rounded, below the middle, the apical lobe

ovate, sharply truncate, slightly retuse, with margins microscopically irregular, with the disc shallowly

concave between a pair of calli from the lateral lobes to the middle of the lip, the base subtruncate,

hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the anther and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: in felled trees ca. 30 km south of Gualaquiza, alt. 500 m, July 1975,

flowered in cultivation at SEL, 27 Oct. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 600 (Holotype of O.

georgei : SEL).

This species is known from southern Ecuador where the forest was being

cleared at that time in 1975. It is distinguished by a thick, creeping rhizome, stout

ramicauls, elliptical leaves, and relatively large, rose-colored sepals and a yellow

lip. The lateral lobes of the ovate, trilobed lip are low and rounded, and associated

with a pair of calli. The ovate anterior lobe is contracted below the apex into a

sharply truncate tip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria graminifolia (L.) R.Br., Hort. Kew. (W,T. Aiton), ed. 2, 5: 211, 1813.

Bas.: Epidendrum graminifolium L., Sp. PL, ed. 2: 1353, 1763. Lectotype designated by Garay &

H.R. Sweet in Howard, FI. Lesser Antilles, Orchidaceae: 116, 1974, tab. 176, fig. 1, "Convallaria?

Caule articulato" in Plumier in Burman, PI. Amer.: 171, tab. 176, fig. 1, 1758.

Ety.: From the Latin graminifolius , "with grass-like leaves," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Dendrobium graminifolium (L.) Willd., Sp. PI. 4 [Willdenow]: 135, 1805.

Syn.: Octomeria baueri Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. PI. 10, 1830.

Ety.: Named for Franz Bauer, renowned Austrian, nineteenth century illustrator of orchids.

Syn.: Octomeria graminifolia Lodd., Bot. Cab. 19(190): tab. 1891, [Feb.] 1836, nom. illeg.

Syn.: Octomeria loddigesii Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 354, 1836, replaced name for O. grami-

niifolia Lodd., 1833, not O. graminifolia (L.) R.Br., 1813.

Ety.: Named for Conrad Loddiges who imported, cultivated and published this species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis apiculata Lindl., Folia Orch. ( Pleurothallis) 17, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin apiculatus , "apiculate," referring to the petals.

Syn.: Octomeria graminifolia (L.) R.Br. var. ophioglossoides Griseb., FI. Brit. W. I. 611, 1864.

Ety.: From the Greek ophioglossoides, "like the tongue of a snake," for some obscure attribute.

Syn.: Humboldtia apiculata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Octomeria longerepens Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 58, 1924.

Ety.: From the Latin longerepens , "long-repent," referring to the long-creeping habit.

Syn.: Octomeria serpens Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 42(2): 92, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin serpens, "creeping," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Octomeria apiculata (Lindl.) Garay & H.R.Sweet, J. Arnold Arbor. 53: 391, 1972.

Plant small, medium to rarely large in size, epiphytic, long-repent, the rhizome stout, 2-4 mm thick,

0.5-3 cm long between ramicauls, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect to ascending, 2-7 (rarely to 15)

cm long, enclosed with 3-4 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-ovate, acute, 2-9

(rarely to 15) cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence

a single flower produced successively or a few simultaneously in a fascicle, borne by abbreviated pedun¬

cles 1-2 mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral bracts 2-4 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm

long; flowers light yellow, sepals free, similar, glabrous, elliptical-ovate, subacute to acute, 4-8 mm

long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals elliptical-ovate, subacute to acute, 4-7 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide,

3-veined; lip yellow, usually marked with brown along the calli, ovate-trilobed, glabrous, 3-5 mm long,

1.5-3 mm wide, the lateral lobes variously rounded, below the middle, the apical lobe ovate subtruncate,

with margins more or less undulate, with the disc shallowly concave between a pair of calli from near the

lateral lobes, the base subtruncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column white, semiterete, 1.5

mm long, the anther and stigma subapical.

Selected collections from many:

MARTINIQUE: without locality, Plumier s.n. (Holotype of Epidendrum graminifolium : P). Without

locality, 1882, P. Duss 394 (BR, US); trail above Absalon hot spring, 13-18 Mar. 1979, R.A. & E.S.

Howard 18866 (AMES).

WEST INDIES: without collection data, flowered in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,

March 1817, (holotype of O. baueri is an undated illustration by Franz Bauer, probably now at BM;

reprod. in Bauer & Lindl., Ill. Orchid. PI. tab. 4, fig. B, 1832.).

DOMINICA: without data, Henslow s.n. (K); without locality, Dr. Imray 218 (K); Riviere donee, 28 Feb.

1881, Eggers 34 (C); col. Adolph Toepfler 1880, Dec. 1881, Eggers 957 (BR, M); Feb. 1882, Eggers

955 (K); near Laudat, alt. 700 m, Oct. 1881, A. Toepffer 955 (W); near Laudat, Dec. 1881, A. Toepffer

957 (BR,W).

GRENADA: Oct. 1890-May 1891, R.V. Sherring s.n. (K); St. George’s, Bon Accord, 1 June 1906, W.E.

Broadway s.n. (AMES); Grand Etang, 30 Mar. 1897, W.E. Broadway 1580 (AMES).

GUADELOUPE: without locality, 1895, P. Duss 3699 (AMES, MO); Dugommier, 24 Jan. 1937, H.

Stehle 1669 (AMES, NY); St. Claude, 6 Jan. 1942, A. Questel 5029 (US).

ST. LUCIA: Vicinity of Quilesse, trail to Piton St. Esprit, 22 Apr.-18 May 1950, R.A. Howard 11630

(AMES); Savanne Edmund District, southeast of Piton Troumassde, alt. 1,800-2,000 ft., 11 May 1958,

G.R. Proctor 17951 (AMES).

ST. VINCENT: alt. 500-2,000 ft., H.H. Smith & G.W. Smith 454 (K); valley of south fork of Cumber¬

land River, alt. 300-750 m, C. V Morton 5763 (US).

TRINIDAD: Mirabeau mountains, 26 May 1906, W.E. Broadway s.n. (K); Blanchisseuse Road, 30 Jan.

1925, W.E. Broadway 5542 (K).

TOBAGO: Roxborough-Parlatuvier road, alt. 450-500 m, 4 Apr. 1959, R.S. Cowan 1431 (AMES); 16

June 1913, W.E. Broadway s.n. (AMES).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BARBADOS: without collection data, imported by C. Loddiges, flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden,

Kew, illustrated in 1836 as Octomeria graminifolia by C. Loddiges s.n. (holotype of O. loddigesii : K);

without collection data, cultivated at Kew, 26 Sept. 1886, N.E. Brown s.n. (K); also cultivated at Kew,

Sept. 1886, Briggs 239 (K).

VENEZUELA: without locality, 1854-56, A. Fendler 2155 (holotype of P. apiculata : K, described from

one damaged flower).

Aragua: Parque Nacional Henry Pittier, alt. 1000 m 30 Apr. 1972, J.A. Steyermark 105832 (AMES).

Bolivar: Cerro Venamo, alt. 1000 m, 29 Dec. 1963, J.A. Steyermark, G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 92335

(AMES, VEN).

Sucre: Peninsula de Paria, alt. 760-1000 m, 24 Feb. 1980, J.A. Steyermark 121717 (MO, VEN).

Yaracuy: north of Salom, alt. 1200 m, 27 Dec. 1972, J.A. Steyermark 106698 (AMES, VEN).

COLOMBIA: Caqueta: near Mulado above Mocoa, alt. 530 m, June 1921, W. Hopp 80 (holotype of O.

longerepens: destroyed at B, neotype here designated: A. Hirtz 4128: MO); forest between Sucre and La

Portada, alt. 1200-1350 m, 5 Apr. 1940, J. Cuatrecasas 9108 (US).

Antioquia: Guatape, Repressa El Penol, cultivated by O.J. Arango, R. Escobar 1139 (AMES); same

area, cultivated by R. Londono, 20 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14305 (MO).

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: road to Chiriqui Grande, alt. 500-700 m, 27 May 1988, G. McPherson

12555 (MO, SEL).

COSTA RICA: Heredia: Finca La Selva, Rio Puerto Viejo, alt. ca. 100 m, 10 May 1980, M. Grayum

2807 (MO); La Selva, 2 Oct. 1985, J.T. Atwood 85-84 (SEL).

Limon: La Colombiana Fruit Farm of United Fruit Co., alt. 70 m, 6 Mar. 1924, P.C. Standley 36920

(AMES).

NICARAGUA: Cabo Gracias a’Dios, 5 Jan. 1923, F.E. Schramm s.n. (AMES).

Chontales: Chamarro Peak, alt. 2,200 ft., A. Heller 7011 (SEL).

MEXICO: without collection data, A. Richard s.n. (W).

ECUADOR: Pastaza: 20 km east of Puyo, alt. 600 m, 28 June 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 1008

(SEL); between Mera and Rio Anzu, alt. 1400 m, 15 Oct. 1984, C.H. Dodson, P.M. Dodson & A. Hirtz

15358 (MO); north of Mera, alt. 1350 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11289

(MO).

Napo: between Cotundo and Coca, alt. 1000 m, Feb. 1984, A. Hirtz 1527 (MO); Bermejo Oil Fields

north of Lumbaqui, alt. 850 m, 9 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 11723 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: between Mendez and Morona, alt. <1000 m, 19 Jan. 1989, A. Hirtz, A. Andreetta &

S. Ortega 4128 (MO).

PERU: Loreto: Rio Ampiyacu, above Pucu Orquilla, 11 Feb. 1969, T. Plowman 2466 (K, NY).

BOLIVIA: Mapiri region, San Carlos, alt. 600 m, Mar. 1927, O. Buchtien 563 (AMES, US).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Caicara-Iguapo, Hiibner 145 (holotype of O. serpens: destroyed at B, neotype here

designated: O. Buchtien 563 (AMES).

Remarkably variable in size both vegetatively and florally, Octomeria gramini¬

folia is the most common and most widely distributed species of the genus. It

occurs at relatively low altitudes in Central America, the easternmost Lesser

Antilles, and much of South America north and west of the Amazon. It is character¬

ized by a long-repent rhizome, often resulting in huge entanglements. The flowers

are usually light yellow, variable in size with the free, three-veined, ovate sepals

and petals nearly equal in size and shape. The lip is type A: three-lobed below the

middle, and often with the pair of carinae darkly colored. The basic floral morphol¬

ogy of the floral parts remains unchanged even when the dimensions are more than

doubled.

In his Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants of 1830, Lindley listed for

Octomeria the Octomeria graminifolia (L.) R.Br., figured by Hooker in the Botani¬

cal Magazine tab. 2764, and simultaneously proposed Octomeria baueri for a very

similar collection, both vegetatively and florally, except for the interpretation of the

pollinia. He distinguished the latter by the eight pollinia shown expanded, or spread

apart in a plane called "collateral” (Lindley 1830, pp. 9-10), that is, not lying in

pairs upon each other in one of two views as illustrated by Franz Bauer in Bauer &

Lindl., Ill. Orchid. PI. tab. 4, fig. B, 1832. In the other view, the eight pollinia are

shown in two pairs of four, exactly as shown correctly by Hooker in the Botanical

Magazine.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Zaniora-Chinchipe: Rio Jamboe, south of Zamora, alt. 1550 m, 22 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz,

A. & P. Jesup 16097 (MO); Cordiller del Condor, Patchicutza, alt. 1200-1500 m, June 1991, A. Hirtz

5523 (MO).

VENEZUELA: Zulia: Sierra de Perija, alt. 1550 m, 25 Mar. 1972, J.A. Steyermark, G.C.K. & E. Dun-

sterville (AMES); same locality, Apr. 1972, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1213 ; Carrao River G.C.K. Dunsterville

288.

In 1842, Lindley described Octomeria grandiflora from a cultivated plant that

had been imported from Brazil by Loddiges, numbered (60), according to the pro-

tologue, but no specimen with that number is present in Lindley’s herbarium.

Similarly, Reichenbach described O. lobulosa in 1858 from a plant cultivated in the

collection of Consul Schiller, now assumed also to have been from Brazil. The type

specimens of both O. grandiflora and O. lobulosa , and O. tridentata Lindl. as well,

are incomplete, having been broken off above the base, no doubt to preserve the

cultivated plant, but a caespitose habit has beyond doubt been confirmed for all

three taxa.

In 1839, Lindley had described Octomeria tridentata , also from an incomplete

specimen from an importation by Loddiges. The lateral lobes of the lip had been

interpreted as being rounded and inflexed, instead of broadly uncinate as they actu¬

ally are, similar to those of O. grandiflora. The lip is the same as H. Focke il¬

lustrated for O. surinamensis in 1849. Although the flowers of the Brazilian O.

grandiflora and Guyanan O. tridentata are similar, those of O. grandiflora are

larger. Both species are widely distributed with their ranges overlapping, where

sometimes it is difficult to decide which is which. Floral details vary similarly in

both species.

Octomeria grandiflora is usually a large, densely caespitose plant, often 20

centimeters or more tall, with strong ramicauls and acute, narrowly ovate leaves.

The flowers are large with sepals five- to seven-veined, sometimes as long as a

centimeter and a half.

Octomeria tridentata Lindl. (widely known as O. surinamensis H.Focke) is

usually a medium-sized, loosely caespitose plant, commonly more or less 15 mm

tall, with narrow, more or less oblong leaves, and flowers also with five-veined

sepals, but less than a centimeter long.

Octomeria seegeriana Kraenzl., the old O. robusta of Barbosa Rodrigues, is

another large species with large, uncinate, lateral lobes of the lip. Except for the

thick, repent rhizome, it is similar to O. grandiflora Lindl. A vegetatively much

larger taxon, often more than 40 centimeters tall, also with a thick, repent rhizome;

broader, narrowly ovate leaves; and again with similar flowers, is treated herein as

O. peruviana D.E.Benn. & Christenson. The distinction of these taxa from O.

grandiflora becomes blurred as the size of one grades into the other.

Octomeria guentheriana Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 25: 19, 1928.

Ety.: Named for Ernesto GUnther who collected this species.

Syn.: Octomeria buchteinii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 57, 1929.

Ety.: Named for Otto Buchtien who collected this species twice, the first time in 1820, eight years

before Gunther.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome stout, ca. 3 mm thick, 0.5-2 cm long

between ramicauls, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 10-20 cm long, enclosed by 5-6

tubular, early shredding sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-linear, acute, 12-20 cm long,

ca. 1 cm wide in the dry state, narrowly cuneate below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single,

or perhaps 2-3 flowers produced simultaneously by peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals white, glabrous, ovate, acute,

the dorsal sepal 4-5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 4-5 mm long, 1.5 mm

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

wide, 3-veined; petals ovate, acute, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip glabrous, oblong-trilobed,

2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes erect, rounded, elongated, antrorse, below the middle, the

apical lobe erose, ovate, obtuse, the disc broadly channeled between a pair of oblique calli descending

from the lateral lobes, the base unguiculate, truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column

semiterete, 1.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, Mapiri, San Carlos, alt. 850 m, 11 Mar. 1927, O. Buchtien 562 (Holo-

type of O. guentheriana destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: Buchtien 562\ isotype AMES, isolec-

totypes: HBG, US), C. Luer illustr. 19221; Mapiri, alt. 5,000 ft., May 1886, H.H. Rusby 2764 (MO);

Larecaja, Hda. Simaco, on way to Tipuani, alt. 1400 m, Apr. 1920, O. Buchtien 5033 (holotype of O.

buchtienii destroyed at B; lectotype here designated, Buchtien 562 : US); Mapiri, La Cascada, alt. 1020

m, 21 Sept. 2002, B. Aguilar et al. BR 906 (BOLV, MO).

Vegetatively, this species is inseparable from the widely distributed Octomeria

longifolia Schltr., found frequently in the margins of the Amazonian basin. It was

first collected by Dr. Rusby a half century before it was collected twice by Buch¬

tien. Slender ramicauls are produced along a stout rhizome, and bear equally long,

slender leaves to about 20 centimeters in length. The sepals and petals are also

similar to those of O. longifolia except for being a little more than half the size.

The lateral lobes of the lip are elongated and bend forward, but not as severely as

the lateral lobes of O. grandiflora Lindl. or O. tridentata Lindl.

Octomeria harantiana I.Bock, Die Orchidee (Hamburg) 35(2): 49, 1984.

Ety.: Named in honor of Erich Harant SVD, missionary at Rio Atrato, for help in collecting orchids.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, ascending, to very shortly repent, the rhizome up to 5

mm long between ramicauls, roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, terete, 4-13 cm long, enclosed by 3-4

early shredded, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, rigid, more or less suffused with red,

narrowly elliptical, acute, 4-11 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflor¬

escence a single flower produced successively within a fascicle of peduncles 1 mm long, at the base of

the leaf; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous,

free, the dorsal sepal elliptical, acute, 7-8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined (occasionally incompletely 5-

veined), the lateral sepals elliptical, slightly oblique, acute, 7-8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined (occa¬

sionally incompletely 4-veined); petals yellow, elliptical, acute, 6-7 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined;

lip yellow, elliptical-subtrilobed, with minutely suberose apical margins, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the

apex obtuse, the lateral lobes low, oblique, subacute, above the base, the disc shallowly concave between

a pair of calli on the lower half, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the free tip of the column-foot;

column semiterete, slender, 1.5 mm long, with the anther apical and stigma subapical.

COLOMBIA: Choco: Vigia del Fuerte, alt. 50 m, Aug. 1979, /. Bock, K.-H . Bock & E. Harant 10/t. 10

(Holotype of O. harantiana : Herb. Irene Bock; Isotypes: K, MO), C. Luer illustr. 21395; Rio Truando,

alt. 40-200 m, 15 June 1967, J.A. Duke 12252 (AMES, MO); Munic. Quibdo, between Tutunendo and

San Francisco de Icho, alt. 150 m, 5 July 1986, R. Bernal et al. 1078 (COL, MO, NY), C. Luer illustr.

21376; Munic. Riosucio, Zona de Uraba, Cerro del Cuchillo, alt. 20-50 m, 18 Nov. 1987. D. Cardenas

891 (JUAM, MO); same locality, alt. 50-500 m, 25 June 1988, D. Cardenas 2149, 2236 (JUAM, MO).

Cauca: Rio Mayo near Pastico, alt. 20-100 m, 23 Feb. 1983, A. Gentry & A. Juncosa 40638 (MO).

This species occurs in the humid, lowland forests of western Colombia. It is

characterized by thick, narrowly elliptical leaves borne by equally long ramicauls.

The unremarkable sepals and petals are elliptical and acute. The type A lip is dis¬

tinguished by low, obtuse, marginal lobes above the base, and the disc is shallowly

channeled between a pair of low calli betweem the lobes. The margins of the lip are

somewhat dilated above the middle.

Octomeria heleneana Camevali & Delascio, Emstia 45: 12, 1987.

Ety.: Named for Helene, wife of co-collector Delascio.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 4-6 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 5.5-6

cm long, 6-8 mm wide, cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single flower produced

successively by a peduncle ca. 0.5 mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral bracts ca. 2 mm long; pedicels

ca. 2 mm long; ovary ca. 2 mm long; sepals suffused with purple, glabrous, free, the dorsal sepal broadly

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ovate, subacute to obtuse, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals similar, 3 mm long, 2 mm

wide, 3-veined; petals similar to the sepals, elliptical, obtuse to subacute, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

veined; lip glabrous, cordate, with obtuse, basal angles, obtuse at the apex, the blade shallowly concave,

3-veined, 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, with a claw 0.5 mm long, deflexed 90° from the blade, hinged to an

obtuse column-foot at the base of the column; column semiterete, thick, 1.5 mm long, with the anther

subapical and the stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Atabapo, Cerro Huachamacarf, alt. 175-805 m, 12-14 Oct. 1984, F. Delacio

12354 (Holotype of O. heleneana : VEN).

This rare species from Amazonian Venezuela is characterized by a small habit

with narrowly elliptical leaves and small flowers with broadly ovate sepals and

petals. The lip appears to be thickly cordate with obtuse, basal angles and a short

claw that is deflexed 90° to the base of the column.

No material is available for study. The description and illustration have been

made from the original publication.

Octomeria hirtzii Luer, Selbyana 23(1): 29, 2002.

Ety.: Named for Alexander C. Hirtz who collected this species.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, terete, 30-42 cm long,

enclosed by 8-11 shredded, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly linear-oblong, acute, 19-32

cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single flower

produced successively by abbreviated peduncles 2-3 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

2-3 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, free, the dorsal sepal

elliptical, acute, 13 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 5-veined (incompletely 7-veined), the lateral sepals ellipti¬

cal, slightly oblique, acute, 13 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 5-veined (incompletely 7-veined); petals yellow,

elliptical, acute, 12 mm long, 4 mm wide, 5-veined; lip yellow, suffused with brown centrally, glabrous,

obovate-trilobed, with erose apical margins, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded to trun-

cate-apiculate, the lateral lobes low, oblique, erect, subacute, antrorse, below the middle, the disc shal¬

lowly concave between a pair of calli on the middle third, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the free tip

of the column-foot; column yellow, semiterete, slender, 4 mm long, with the anther apical and stigma

subapical.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: south of Yangana above Valladolid, alt. 1900 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10838 (Holotype of O. hirtzii : MO); area of Estacion Cientifica San

Francisco between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2100 m, 2 Oct. 2004, F.A. Werner 1169 (GOET, MO, QCNE).

This species is one of the tallest in the genus, rivalled only by Octomeria peru¬

viana D.E.Benn. & Christenson. With the long leaves together with the long rami¬

cauls, some plants stand nearly a meter tall. The leaves of O. hirtzii are narrowly

linear, those of the competitor being wider and narrowly ovate.

The flowers are similar to those of both Octomeria grandiflora Lindl. and O.

peruviana with sepals usually over one centimeter long and five- to seven-veined.

The petals are similar, nearly as large as the sepals. The type A lip is also similar,

but the lateral lobes are smaller, subacute, and antrorse. The apex is broadly round¬

ed and erose with a minute apiculum at the tip.

Octomeria integrilabia C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 87, 1935.

Ety.: From the Latin integrilabia , "with an entire lip," referring to the shape of the labellum.

Syn.: Octomeria jfrenchiana Ph.Feldmann & Barre, Lindleyana 11(3): 199, 1996.

Ety.: Named in honor of M. Claude Ffrench, former president of the Guadeloupean Orchid Society.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 2.5-3.5 cm long,

enclosed by 3-4 tubular, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-ovate,

acute, 2.5-3.5 cm long, 4 mm wide, 2.5 mm thick, narrowly cuneate below into the subpetiolate base,

more or less twisted. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively by abbreviated peduncles ca.

1 mm long, at the conduplicate base of the leaf; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1.5

mm long; sepals pale yellow, membranous, glabrous, elliptical-oblong, subacute, the dorsal sepal 6 mm

long, 2 mm wide, incompletely 3-veined, the lateral sepals shortly connate at the base, oblique, 6 mm

long, 1.75 mm wide, incompletely 3-veined; petals yellow, elliptical, acute, 6 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 1-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

veined; lip type C, yellow, glabrous, subcircular, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex shallowly retuse,

the base rounded, with a central depression to accommodate the tip of the column-foot to which it is

delicately attached, the disc broadly and shallowly concave between a pair of low calli; column white,

semiterete, 1.8 mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

As published : BRITISH GUIANA: Arakaka, Jan. 1896, E.F. im Thurn 115?, 115A? (K); Hoodsline?,

Feb. 1896, E.F. im Thurn 115A (K); E.F. im Thurn 167 (Holotype of O. integrilabia: K).

GUAYANA: Kaiteur Falls, E.A. Christenson 1989 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 17808.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Cerro Venamo, near Guyana, alt. 1000 m, 27 Dec. 1963, J.A. Steyermark,

G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 92211 (AMES, K, VEN); Meseta del Jaua, alt. 1800 m, 22-28 Feb. 1974, J.A.

Steyermark et al. 109314 (K, VEN); Rio Cuyunf, south of El Dorado, alt. 1300 m, 19-26 Dec. 1976, J.A.

Steyermark, G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 104076 (AMES, K, VEN), C. Luer illustr, 19132; Meseta del Jaua,

Cerro Sarisarinama, alt. 1410 m, 10 Feb. 1974, J.A. Steyermark et al. 108905 (AMES, K, VEN); between

El Dorado and Sta. Elena, E. Foldats 2833 (AMES); Gran Sabana, Route 10 to Santa Elena de Uairen,

alt. 480-700 m, 6 May 1996, R. Rivero et al. 2829 (SEL).

GUADELOUPE: Crete Corossol, epiphytic, alt. 800 m, flowered in cultivation 9 Feb. 1991, P. Feldmann

6 (holotype of O. ffrenchiana: GUAD).

This little species is apparently variable in its distribution in northernmost South

America and one island of the Lesser Antilles. It is characterized by narrowly ellip¬

tical-ovate leaves about as long as the ramicaul, straw colored sepals and petals

about six millimeters long, and a more or less round lip with minimal thickening of

the disc of the lip on both halves.

Octomeria jauaensis Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Meseta de Jaua, in the state of Bolivar, Venezuela, where this species was collected.

Species haec Octomeriae heleneanae Carnevali & Delascio similis, sed sepalis minoribus sepalo

dorsali brevi-acuminato, petalis oblique acutis et labello cordato cum ungue grande differt.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 2-3 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, olive green, narrowly elliptical,

acute, 3-3.5 cm long, 2-3 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a

single flower produced successively by a peduncle less than 1 mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral

bracts ca. 2 mm long; pedicels ca. 2 mm long; ovary ca. 2 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, free, the

dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse, shortly acuminate, 2.6 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals broadly elliptical, obtuse, 2.6 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 3-veined; petals ovate, obliquely acute

above the middle, 2.3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip type C, glabrous, thickly cordate, with

rounded basal angles, obtuse at the apex, the blade shallowly concave, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with a

claw 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, deflexed 90° from the blade, hinged to an obtuse column-foot at the base of

the column; column semiterete, thick, 1 mm long, with the anther subapical and the stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Meseta de Jaua, Cerro Jaua, 60 km northeast of the mission de Campamento

Sanidad del Rio Kanarakuni, alt. 1922-2160 m, 22 Mar. 1967, J.A. Steyermark 98023 (Holotype of O.

jauaensis: AMES, Isotype: VEN), C. Luer illustr. 21422.

This little species from Amazonian Venezuela is similar to Octomeria helenea-

na Carnevali & Delascio, but differs with a smaller habit; yellow instead of purple

flowers; a broadly obtuse, shortly acuminate dorsal sepal; obliquely acute petals;

and a thick, cordate lip with a claw nearly as large as the blade that is similarly

deflexed 90° to its attachment to the base of the lip.

Octomeria lancipetala C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 19: 210, 1961.

Ety.: From the Latin lancipetalus, "with lance-shaped petals," a misnomer.

Plant tall, epiphytic or terrestrial, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 7-18 cm long,

with 5-7 fugacious sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, suffused with purple, narrowly elliptical,

acute, 5-9 cm long, 0.4-0.7 cm wide in dry state, narrowly cuneate below into a petiole ca. 1 cm long.

Inflorescence a congested fascicle of several, simultaneous, single flowers, from near the apex of the

ramicaul, the peduncles less than 1 mm long; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2

mm long; sepals free, dark red, glabrous, elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse, 3-veined, the dorsal sepal

4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide; petals dark red, ovate,

acute, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip type B, dark red, the blade subcircular, sharply cordate at

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

the base, minutely subdenticulate, 1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the blade acutely deflexed against the

claw, with the acute basal angles embracing the column above the middle, the disc convex, the deflected

base ovate, concave, hinged to the tip of an equally long column-foot; column semiterete, stout, 1.5 mm

long, the foot subnil, the anther and stigma subapical.

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro Huachamacari, Rio Cunucunuma, alt. 1800 m, 4 Dec. 1950, B. Ma¬

guire , R.S. Cowan & J.J. Wurdack 30170A (Holotype of O. lancipetala : AMES, only old flowers on

fruit; Isotype: NY); Cerro Duida, at summit, alt. 7,050 ft., Aug. 1928-Apr. 1929, G.H.H. Tate 670

(AMES); Cerro Huachamacari, Rio Canucunuma, alt. 1700 m, 4 Dec. 1950, B. Maguire, B.S. Cowan &

J.J. Wurdack 29823 (AMES); Cerro de la Neblina, Rfo Yatua, alt. 1800 m, 10 Jan. 1954, B. Maguire, J.J.

Wurdack & G.S. Bunting 37161 (AMES, NY); headwaters of Canon Grande, alt. 1900 m, 16 Oct. 1970,

J.A. Steyermark 103994 (AMES); Atabapo, Cerro Marahuaca, terrestrial, alt. 2500 m, 1-2 Feb. 1982, J.A.

Steyermark et al. 125980, 126064 (K, NY, VEN).

Bolivar: Auyan-tepui, alt. 1800 m, 10 May 1964, J.A. Steyermark et al. 93640 (AMES); Sierra Pakarai-

ma, Aguapira. alt. 1400 m, 4 May 1973, J.A. Steyermark et al. 107316 (AMES).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Serra da Neblina, alt. 8,000-8,500 ft., 3 Dec. 1965, B. Maguire, J. Murqa Pires &

C. Maguire 60535 (AMES, K, NY), C. Luer illustr. 21630.

Vegetatively similar to many species of the genus characterized by a narrowly

elliptical leaf and a longer, slender ramicaul, this species from the Venezuelan

highlands and adjacent Brazil is distinguished by a small, round lip that is sharply

cordate at the base and acutely deflexed upon itself.

Octomeria longifolia Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 58, 1924.

Ety.: From the Latin longifolius, "long-leaved," referring to the long, narrow leaves.

Syn.: Octomeria erosilabia C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 85, 1935.

Ety.: From the Latin erosilabius, "with erase lip," obviously referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Octomeria rhizomatosa C.Schweinf., Fieldiana Bot. 28(1): 188-190, 1951.

Ety.: From the Latin rhizomatosus , "with rhizomes," referring to the habit of the plant.

Syn.: Octomeria schultesii Pabst, Arquiv. Bol. Estado Sao Paulo n.s. 3: 268, 1962.

Ety.: Named for Richard Evan Schultes, co-collector of this species.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, repent, uncommonly caespitose, the rhizome stout, ca. 5

mm thick, 0.1-2 cm long between ramicauls, roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, terete, 5-20 cm long,

enclosed by 5-6 tubular, early shredding sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-linear,

acute, 6-20 cm long, 1-1.7 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the conduplicate, subpetiolate base,

more or less twisted. Inflorescence a flower produced singly or up to 8 flowers simultaneously by

abbreviated peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts suborbicular, apiculate,

imbricating, 3 mm long, 3 mm wide, enclosing the pedicel, ovary, and bases of the sepals; pedicels 1-1.5

mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals light yellow, membranous, glabrous, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal

7-8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals shortly connate at the base, oblique, 7 mm long,

3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals light yellow, ovate, acute, 7 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip

type A, yellow, glabrous, oblong-trilobed, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes erect, rounded,

sometimes leaning forward, below the middle, the apical lobe minutely erase, oblong, truncate, apiculate,

more or less tridentate, the midvein thickened toward the apex, the disc broadly channeled between a pair

of parallel calli descending from the lateral lobes, the base truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot;

column white, semiterete, 1.75-3 mm long, the foot thick with the tip free, the anther subapical, the

stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Putumayo: old territory of Caqueta, near Mocoa, alt. 530 m, May 1921, W. Hopp 78, 86

(holotype of O. longifolia destroyed at B, Neotype here designated: R.E. Schultes 19785 , AMES).

Amazonas: Vaupes, Rio Apaporis, Jinogoje and vicinity, alt. ca. 700 ft., July 1952, R.E. Schultes & I.

Cabrera 19785 (Neotype of O. longifolia: AMES; Isotype: COL); Rfo Apaporis, Soratama, alt. ca. 250

m, 21 June 1951, R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 12722 (AMES); Rfo Apaporis, Yayacopi, alt. ca. 800 ft., 16

Apr. 1952, R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 16222 (AMES); near Tarauack, Rio Vaupes, J.S. Rodrigues s.n.

(IAN); summit of Serra Curicuriari, 5 Nov. 1971, G.T. Prance et al. 16088 (K, MO, NY); Bagua,

Yamayakat, alt. 320 m, 3 Feb. 1996, N. Jaramillo, M. Jaramillo & D. Chamit 1058 (MO, SEL).

Vaupes: Rfo Guainda, San Antonio, Cerro Monachf, alt. ca. 600 m, June 1948, R.E. Schultes & F. Lopez

10148 (holotype of O. schultesii: IAN; isotype: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21363; Rfo Kuduyari, sabana

con arenisca de Yapoboda, alt. 350-400 m, 25 June 1958, H. Garcia B., R.E. Schultes & H. Blohm 17894

(AMES, COL); Cuenca Rfo Caqueto, 22 Nov. 1991, J. Duivendoorden, J. Moreno & D. Restrepo 1379

(MO).

(AMES, K, NY); Rfo Orinoco, alt 125-140 m, 29 July 1959, J.J. Wurdack & L.S. Adderley 43654,

below Salto Remo, alt. 120 m, Ma/1989, E. Foldats &J. \elasco 9469 (MO, PORT); Rfo Negro, Cerro

Aracamuni, alt. 600 m, 21 Oct. 1987, R. Liesner & G. Camevali 22282 (MO, VEN).

3 Dec. 1944, J.A. Steyermark 60830 (lectotype of O. rhizomatosa here designated 648421: AMES, iso-

clearly indicated as the holotype; Ptari-tepui, alt. 1700-1800 m, 1 Nov. 1944, J.A. Steyermark 59703

is clearly indicated as the holotype ; Ptari-tepui, alt. 1700-1800 m, 1 Nov. 1944, J.A. Steyermark 59703

(AMES); ChimantS Massif, Chimantd-tepui, alt. 1000-1700 m, 16 May 1953, J.A. Steyermark 75445

(AMES, F, NY); Sierra Pakaraima, headwaters of Rfo Paragua, alt. 1400 m, 4 May 1973, J.A. Steyer¬

mark 107331 (AMES, MO, VEN); Meseta del Jaua, Cerro Sarisarinama, alt. 700 m, 12 Feb. 1974, J.A.

. The habit is influenced by the h

98 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria marsupialis Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin marsupialis , "with a pouch," referring to the pouch-like tip of the lip.

Planta mediocris folio anguste elliptico-ovato quam ramicaule breviore, sepalis petalisque acumina-

tis, labello ovato ad apicem plicato distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, terete, erect, 5-7 cm long,

enclosed by 4-5 ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, suffused with purple, narrowly

elliptical-ovate, acute, 4-5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 0.5 long. Inflorescence

a single flower borne successively in a fascicle of buds and imbricating sheaths, the peduncle ca. 1 mm

long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts ca. 3 mm long; pedicels ca. 3 mm long; ovary 2 mm long;

sepals free, dark purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, narrowed above the lower third, acute, acu¬

minate, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, acute, acuminate, 4.5

mm long, 1.25 mm wide; petals dark purple, narrowly ovate, acute, 4.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-

veined; lip type C, dark purple, glabrous, entire, ovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, with a dorsal,

infolded, sacklike, membranous margin beginning near the middle, becoming broadest at the tip to form

a shallow pouch; column thick, terete, 1 mm long, the anther apical, pollinia 6, and the stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Chimanta Massif, Apacara-tepui, alt. 2000 m, 19 June 1953, J.A. Steyermark

75761 (Holotype of O. marsupialis : AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21423.

This species is distinguished by acuminate sepals and petals, and a small, flat,

ovate lip with an plicate margin that creates a superficial, sacklike cavity on the

dorsum at the tip. More distinctive is the number of pollinia: six. The six pollinia

of Octomeria splendida Garay & Dunst. are joined together by a single viscidium,

but the tips of the two pairs of three pollinia of O. marsupialis are apparently free,

at least in the floral bud that was dissected.

Octomeria medinae Luer & J.Portilla, Selbyana 23(1): 33, 2002.

Ety.: Named for Hugo Medina of Gualaceo, Ecuador, who collected this species.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose to shortly repent, the rhizome stout, to 5 mm

long between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, terete, 4-9 cm long, enclosed by 4-5

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, 3-7.5 cm long, 1-

1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole ca. 0.5 cm long. Inflorescence a single flower produced

successively in a fascicle, borne by abbreviated peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals light rose or yellow-orange

suffused with red, free, glabrous, elliptical, acute, the dorsal sepal 7-8.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined,

occasionally with incomplete accessory veins, the lateral sepals 8 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, 3-veined;

petals colored as the sepals, elliptical, acute, 7-8 mm long, 2-2.4 mm wide, 3-veined; lip type C, red,

subobovate-trilobed, glabrous, 3-4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes erect, low, rounded, above

the unguiculate base, the anterior lobe ovate, subtruncate with minutely erose margins, narrowed below

the middle to the lobes, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of calli on the middle third, the base

broadly truncate, hinged to a short column-foot; column white, semiterete, 2.5 mm long, with the anther

apical and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutucu, between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 18

Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Him, S. Ortega, A. & P. Jesup 13989 (Holotype of O. medinae : MO);

Santiago, alt. 300 m, collected by H. Medina, cultivated in Gualaceo by Ecuagenera, Mar. 2001, A. Hirtz

7335 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 19695; Pangui, alt. 1000 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera, 2 Feb. 2002, A. Hirtz

8180 (MO).

Esmeraldas: west of Lita toward San Lorenzo, alt. 300 m, 12 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. &

P. Jesup 15584 (MO).

This species has been found on both sides of the Andes of Ecuador at relatively

low altitudes. It is characterized by a stout, a more or less shortly creeping rhizome,

stout ramicauls only slightly longer than the elliptical leaves, and a successive,

medium-sized, rose to yellow-orange flower; the sepals and petals are acute; and the

type A lip is widest above the middle, with low, rounded, lateral lobes above a

broadly unguiculate base. It is similar to the frequent, sympatric Octomeria colom-

biana Schltr., but the latter has narrower leaves, more slender ramicauls, and entire

margins of the lip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria minor C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 89-90, 1935.

Ety.: From the Latin minor, "smaller" or "less," referring to a smaller size.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose to shortly repent, the rhizome 1-2 mm long between rami-

cauls; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 8-10 mm long, enclosed by 2 close, tubular

sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, 16-20 cm long, 5-6 mm

wide, cuneate below into a petiole ca. 1 mm long. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively

by a peduncles less than 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 2 mm

long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals white, free, glabrous, ovate, subacute, the dorsal sepal 4 mm long, 2.2

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 4.2 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals white, ovate, subacute,

4 mm long, 1.9 mm wide, 3-veined; lip thick, subobovate-trilobed, glabrous, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, the

apex subtruncate, indistinctly tridentate, with erect, rounded, marginal lobes below the middle, the disc

with a pair of parallel calli on the middle third, and a single, similar callus on the apical third, the base

truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column white, semiterete, 1.75 mm long, with the anther apical and

stigma ventral.

GUYANA: Essequibo River, Moraballi Creek near Bartica, nearly sea level, 24 Aug. 1929, N.Y. Sand-

with 112 (Holotype of O. minor: K).

FRENCH GUIANA: alt. 87 m, 30 Aug. 1983, E.A. Christenson 1863 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 17014.

The habit of this little species from the coastal Guianas varies from caespitose to

shortly repent. The ramicauls are about half as long as the thickly coriaceous leaves

they bear. The sepals of the solitary, successive flower are broad and more or less

concave. The Type A has a third callus anterior to the usual, central pair. The

marginal, lateral lobes are erect and rounded.

Octomeria mocoana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 59, 1924.

Ety.: Named for the community of Mocoa, near where this species was collected.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizome stout, 4-5 mm thick, 5-15 mm long

between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, terete, 7-11 cm long, with 4-5 early shredding

sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 8-15 cm long, 1-2.4 cm wide, cuneate below

into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single to a fascicle of many, simultaneous, single flowers,

borne by peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 1-2

mm long; ovary minutely subverrucose, 1.5-2 mm long; sepals translucent yellow to light yellow-green,

sometimes with the veins red, free, glabrous, narrowly ovate to attenuate, the lateral sepals narrowly

triangular, slightly oblique, acute, 8-13 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals translucent yellow,

narrowly ovate, acute, 8-11 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, ovate-trilobed, glabrous, 3.5

mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, the lateral lobes erect, rounded, convex, retrorse, on the basal quarter, the

anterior lobe ovate, narrowly obtuse, the disc broadly and shallowly channeled between a pair of calli

that extend from the lateral lobes to about the middle, the base broadly truncate, concave, hinged to the

free tip of the column-foot; column white, semiterete, 2 mm long, with the anther subapical and the

stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Caqueta: near Mocoa, alt. 530 m, June 1921, W. Hopp 76 (Holotype of O. mocoana

destroyed at B, Neotype here designated: W. Palacios 1956 , MO).

ECUADOR: Sucumbios: Estacion Cientifica Cuyabano, alt. 220 m, 21 July 1992, J. Jaramillo 14921

(MO, QCA).

Napo: Puerto Misahuali, Reserva Biologica Jatun Sacha, alt. 450 m, Sept. 1987, W. Palacios 1956 (MO);

between Puerto Napo and Misahauali, alt. ca. 600 m, cultivated in Chamblee, GA, flowered 14 Oct.

1990, F L Stevenson 90-1014-5 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 19161.

Pastaza: tall forest east of Puyo, alt. ca. 1000 m, Aug. 1975, collected by C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wil¬

helm, cultivated at SEL, flowered 30 Nov. 1977, C. Luer 2244 (SEL).

Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1500 m, 5 Aug. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wil¬

helm 644 (SEL).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Sud Yungas, Alto Beni, Colonia Tupiza, alt. 850 m, 8 Apr. 1999, T. Kromer, A.

Acebey & A. Rodriguez 239 (LPB, SEL), C. Luer illustr. 21477.

This species from relatively lowland in southeastern Colombia and eastern

Ecuador to Bolivia is characterized by a shortly repent habit with a thick rhizome,

stout ramicauls, and an elliptical leaf. The sepals and petals are narrowly ovate, and

the lip is type A with the anterior lobe narrowly obtuse, but most distinctive are the

lateral lobes that are erect, convex and retrorse.

100

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria monticola C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 9: 43, 1941.

Ety.: from the Latin monticola , "mountain dwelling," referring to the habitat.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect,

terete, 3-8 cm long, enclosed by 4-5 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, rigid, narrow¬

ly ovate, acute, 3-6 cm long, 0.9-1.3 cm wide, cuneate below into a conduplicate, twisted, subpetiolate

base. Inflorescence 2-3 single flowers produced simultaneously in a fascicle, borne by peduncles ca. 1

mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, 5 mm long, 4 mm wide, enclosing the

pedicel, ovary, and bases of the sepals; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; flowers "pinkish"/ide

collector; sepals free, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, acute, 5-6 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals elliptical, oblique, acute, 5-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals ovate, acute, 5.5

mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip marked with purple, glabrous, subovate-trilobed, 2.5 mm long,

1.5 mm wide, the apex narrowly truncate with denticulate-erose margins, expanded to the middle, nar¬

rowed below the middle with the lobes 1 mm long, broadly uncinate, antrorse, obtuse, the disc shallowly

sulcate between a pair of small calli above the middle, the base broadly truncate, hinged to a curved

column-foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, with the anther subapical and stigma ventral.

GUYANA: Summit of Mt. Roraima, 28 Nov. 1927, G.H.H. Tate 425 (Holotype of O. monticola : NY;

Isotype: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21361.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Roraima, collected by McDiarmid in 1977, and submitted to the Orchid Identi¬

fication Center at the Marie Selby Botanical Garden, 0.1. C. 1301 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 2255; Dist.

Roscio, Munic. Dalla Costa, Matahuitepui, alt. 2700-3000 m, 22 Aug. 1982, A. Castillo 1819 (MO).

BRAZIL: fide C.Schweinf.

A native of Mt. Roraima, this species occurs near the borders of the three na¬

tions that share the same region (Guyana, Venezuela and Brazil). Densely caespi¬

tose, strict ramicauls produce rigid, narrowly ovate leaves. The pedicels, ovaries

and bases of two or three simultaneous flowers are often covered by infundibular

floral bracts. The lip is a modification of type A, which differs from the illustation

by Gordon Dillon. The uncinate basal lobes are proportionately large, broad, ob¬

tuse, and antrorse; and the pair of calli are small, just forward from where the basal

lobes would reach. The margins of the lip above the lobes are minutely lacerate.

Octomeria moscosoae Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for D. Moscosoa Z., collector of this species.

Planta parva caespitosa ramicaule crasso folio angustissime elliptico plus minusve aequilongo, flori-

bus parvis sepalo dorsali libro ovato acutissimo, sepalis lateralibus ellipticis acutis ad basim connatis,

labello trilobo lobis lateralibus erectis cucullatis, lobo antico late ovato truncato, distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls relatively stout, terete, erect, 4-6 cm

long, enclosed by 4-5 deciduous, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly linear-

elliptical, acute, 4-5 cm long, 0.2-0.3 cm wide, intensely wrinkled longitudinally in dry state, narrowed

below to the base. Inflorescence a single flower borne successively from a fascicle of dry, abbreviated

peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts ca. 2 mm long; pedicels ca. 2 mm

long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals white, membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal free, ovate, narrowly

acute, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical, acute, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate at the base and overlapping to about the middle; petals elliptical, acute, 3 mm long, 1.5

mm wide, 3-veined; lip glabrous, broadly elliptical-trilobed, 2.25 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the lateral

lobes erect, oblique, cucullate, above a short, unguiculate base, the anterior lobe broadly ovate, truncate,

with minutely erose margins, with a pair of carina extending from each lateral lobe onto the middle lobe,

the base truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column slender, terete, 1.5 mm long, with the

anther apical and the stigma ventral.

PERU: Cuzco: Paucartambo, between Puente Uni6n and San Pedro, alt. 1500-1600 m, 1944, D. Mosco¬

soa Z. 1052 (Holotype of O. moscosoae: CUZ; Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 21381.

This small species, apparently endemic in the mountains of Cuzco, is character¬

ized by a small, caespitose habit with thick, very narrow leaves about as long as the

ramicaul. The sepals of the single, small flower are acute and three-veined. The

distinctive lip is broadly elliptical with cucullate lateral lobes above a shortly

unguiculate base.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

101

Octomeria nana C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 19: 211, 1961.

Ety.: From the Latin nanus , "dwarf," referring to the small habit.

Syn.: Octomeria lamellaris Luer, Selbyana 23(1): 30-33, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin lamellaris , "with lamellae," referring to the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots proportionately stout. Ramicauls slender, erect, 8-25 mm

long, enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths and another at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, nar¬

rowly ovate, acute, the blade 12-40 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 2 mm long.

Inflorescence 1-2 single flowers produced successively at the apex of the ramicaul, with a spathe 2.5

mm long; peduncles ca. 1 mm long; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1.25 mm long;

sepals translucent yellow-brown, free, glabrous, ovate to narrowly ovate, subacute to obtuse, the dorsal

sepal 4-6.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 4-6.5 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, 3-veined;

petals colored as the sepals, ovate to narrowly ovate, subacute to acute, 4-6 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide,

3-veined; lip oblong or subquadrate, glabrous, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex broadly shallowly

retuse, with minutely irregular margins, barely narrowed near the middle, the disc with a tall pair of

oblique lamellate calli from the margins near the middle, extending obliquely to above the middle, the

base truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 1.5 mm long, with the anther

subapical and stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Chimabta Massif, Torono-tepui, N-facing slopes on summit above Cano

Mojado, on rock in savana, alt. 2030-2150 m, 21 Feb. 1955, J.A. Steyermark & J.J. Wurdack 1027

(Holotype of O. nana: AMES; Isotype: NY); Cerro Venamo, near border of Guyana, alt. 1400 m, 31

Dec. 1963, J.A. Steyermark, G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 92459 (holotype of O. lamellaris: AMES), C.

Luer illustr. 19222; Cerro Sarisarinama, Meseta del Jaua, alt. 1750 m, 22 Feb. 1974, J.A. Steyermark et

al. 109314 (AMES); Dist. Heres, Cerro Marutani, alt. 1200 m, 11 Jan. 1981, J.A. Steyermark et al.

123936 (MO, VEN); La Escalera, alt. 800 m, 2 Apr. 1985, B. Holst , J.A. Steyermark & B. Manara 2086

(MO); Dist. Piar, Tereke-Yur^n. alt. 2135, 26 May 1986, R. Liesner, J. Steyermark & B. Holst 21059

(MO); Piar, Murisipan-tepui, alt. 2400 m, 25 Mar. 1987. F. Delascio 13089 (MO, VEN); Rio Negro,

Cerro Aracamuni, alt. 1400 m, 28 Oct. 1987, R. Liesner & G. Camevali 22597 (MO);

Amazonas: Rio Negro, Cerro Neblina, alt. 1750-1850 m, 18 Feb. 1984, R. Liesner 16062 (MO).

Octomeria nana , a tiny species apparently restricted to easternmost Venezuela,

varies in the lengths of the leaves as well as the floral parts. The translucent sepals

and petals are similar. Most characteristic is the small, oblong lip with a pair of

distinct, oblique lamellate calli across the middle.

Octomeria napoleon Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Napoleon meaning lion of the woodland , the powerful, little general.

Planta parva caespitosa ramicaulibus crassissimis, foliis crassis purpureo suffusis ellipticis plus

minusve aequilongis, sepalis oblongis trinervis, labello trilobo, lobo antico ovato truncato apiculato,

lobis lateralibus erectis falcatis distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, terete, erect, 0.5-5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, suffused with purple beneath, elliptical,

subacute to obtuse, 1.5-6 cm long, up to 1 cm wide in the dry state, narrowed below into a subpetiolate

base. Inflorescence a single flower borne successively from dry, abbreviated peduncles ca. 1 mm long,

in a fascicle of bracts at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts ca. 2 mm long; pedicels ca. 2 mm long;

ovary 2 mm long; sepals free, yellow, membranous, glabrous, elliptical-oblong, subacute, 7 mm long, 2

mm wide, 3-veined; petals elliptical, acute, 6.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip glabrous, oblong-

trilobed, 3.5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, the lateral lobes erect, uncinate, antrorse, below the middle, the

anterior lobe ovate, undulate, minutely erose, with a pair of lamellate carinae extending from each lateral

lobe onto the middle lobe, the apex truncate with an apiculum, the base truncate, hinged to the tip of the

column-foot; column slender, terete, 2 mm long, with the anther subapical and the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Vaup6s, Cerro Isibukuri, Rio Kananari, altitude not stated, 29 Oct. 1951, R.E.

Schultes & I. Cabrera 14519B (Holotype of O. napoleon: AMES, COL), C. Luer illustr. 21416; same

collection data, R.E. Schultes & 1. Cabrera 14521 (AMES, COL); Rio Caqueta, La Pedrera, without

altitude, 12 Oct. 1952, R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 17810A (AMES, COL).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: upper Rio Negro Basin, Cerro Dimitf, without altitude, 12-19 May 1948, R.E.

Schultes & F. Lopez 9958A (AMES).

This species, apparently endemic in Amazonian Colombia and adjacent Brazil,

is characterized by a small but robust habit with stout ramicauls and about equally

102

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

long, thick, elliptical leaves suffused with purple, and with flowers nearly as large

as those of Octomeria tridentata Lindl. Both the sepals and petals, similar to those

of O. tridentata , but narrower, are three-veined, instead of five- or more-veined.

The type A lip with broadly uncinate lateral lobes is reminiscent of its big cousins

Octomeria grandiflora Lindl. and O. tridentata.

Octomeria odontoglossoides Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for the resemblance of the labellar callus to a callus of the genus Odontoglossum

Kunth.

Species haec Octomeriae oncidioidis Luer affinis, sed labelli lobis basalibus oblongis obtusis decur-

vis differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, terete, 2.5-4.5 cm long,

enclosed by 4-5 fragmenting, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-oblong,

acute, terete in the dry state, 5-7.5 cm long, 0.3-0.4 cm wide dry, narrowed below into a subpetiolate

base. Inflorescence a single flower borne successivrly by a peduncle ca. 1 mm long, in a fascicle at the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 2.5 mm long; ovary 1.25 mm long; sepals

translucent light tan, glabrous, the dorsal sepal free, elliptical, obtuse, 5 mm long, 2.8 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, obtuse, 4.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 3-veined, 4.5 mm wide

together, 6-veined, connate 1 mm at the base, with the middle thirds overlapping; petals translucent light

tan, elliptical, obtuse, 5 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip type C, yellow with the callus purple-

brown, trilobed, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 2.5 mm wide across the lobes, the lobes basal, oblong, obtuse,

decurved, the anterior lobe oblong, obtuse, with a prominent, bifid, tubercular callus, the base truncate,

firmly fixed to the base of the column; column thick, semiterete, 1 mm long, with the anther and stigma

apical.

COLOMBIA: Without collection data, purchased from a local collector, flowered in cultivation at

Colomborqufdeas, El Retiro, 20 Nov. 1981, C. Luer 6729 (Holotype of O. odontoglossoides : SEL).

This species is known only from a collection obtained from a collector and

cultivated by Colomborquideas. It is closely related to Octomeria oncidioides Luer

from Bolivia. These two species are distinguished from all others in the genus by

the proportionately large, tuberculate callus on the middle lobe of the lip (type D).

Vegetatively, both species are characterized by a thick, narrow leaf. The sepals and

petals are medium in size for the genus, and the lateral sepals are connate basally,

and overlapping on the middle third. The basal lobes of the lip of O. oncidioides

are triangular and subacute, while the basal lobes of the lip of O. odontoglossoides

are oblong, rounded at the tip and decurved. The lip is especially similar to that of

Odontoglossum atropurpureum Rchb.f. as illustrated by Dunsterville in Venezuelan

Orchids Illustrated , 5: 212, 1972.

Octomeria oncidioides Luer, Revista Soc. Boliv. Bot. 4(1): 11, 14, 2003.

Ety.: Named for the resemblance of the callus to a callus of the genus Oncidium Sw.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls relatively stout, erect, terete,

7-11 cm long, enclosed by 4-5 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-

oblong, acute, 7-11 cm long, 0.6-1 cm wide, narrowed below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a

single flower borne successively by an abbreviated peduncle ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent red-brown,

glabrous, the dorsal sepal free, elliptical, obtuse, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

connate 1.5 mm into an oblong, bifid lamina, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide together, 6-veined, the free portions

partially overlapping, with the apices obtuse; petals colored as the sepals, elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 5

mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined; lip type C, brown with the callus red, triangular-trilobed, 4 mm long,

1.5 mm wide, 3.25 mm wide across the lobes, the lobes basal, triangular, subacute, expanded, the anteri¬

or lobe triangular, acute, with a prominent, forked, tubercular callus, the base concave, firmly fixed to an

obsolescent column-foot; column thick, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, with the anther and stigma apical.

BOLIVIA: Larecaja: Alto Llipi, above Santa Barbara above Tipuani, alt. 1200 m, collected by A. Hirtz,

Juan del Hierro & W. Teague, 30 Aug. 1991, C. Luer 15383 (Holotype of O. oncidioides : MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

103

This species, known only from the original collection in central Bolivia, is close¬

ly related to Octomeria odontoglossoides Luer from Colombia. These two are dis¬

tinguished from all others in the genus by the proportionately large, tuberculate

callus on the middle lobe of the lip (type D). Vegetatively, both species are charac¬

terized by a thick, narrow leaf. The sepals and petals are medium in size for the

genus, and the lateral sepals are connate to near the middle. The basal lobes of the

lip of O. oncidioides are triangular and subacute, while the basal lobes of the lip of

O. odontoglossoides are decurved, oblong and rounded at the tip.

Octomeria parvifolia Rolfe, Trans. Linn. Soc. London Bot. ser. 2(6): 60, 1901.

Ety.: From the Latin parvifolius , "small-leaved,” referring to the short, narrow leaf.

Plant small, epiphytic, lithophytic, to terrestrial, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect,

terete, 3-15 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous to semiterete,

narrowly elliptical to fusiform, acute, 2.5-5 cm long, 0.5 cm wide, 0.2 mm thick, narrowed below into

the base. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively by an abbreviated peduncle ca. 2 mm

long, with numerous, shredded sheaths, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1

mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals brown, free, glabrous, elliptical, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 2-2.5 mm

long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, the lateral sepals 1.8-2.2 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; petals brown,

elliptical, concave, obtuse, 1.5-2 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip type C, yellow, thick, trilobed,

glabrous, 0.6 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the apical lobe thin, obtuse, suborbicular, concave, with a pair of

thick, basal calli below the middle extending laterally as suberect, triangular, obtuse, basal lobes, the

base broadly truncate, hinged to a short column-foot; column yellow, short, broad, semiterete, 0.3 mm

long, with the anther apical and stigma ventral.

GUYANA: "Roraima, summit, 8600 ft.," 1898, F.V. McConnell & J.J. Quelch 696 (Holotype of O.

parvifolia : K; Isotype: BR).

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Mount Roraima, alt. 1560-2620 m, 27 Sept. 1944, J.A. Steyermark 58780

(AMES); Cerro Roraima, alt. 2750-2800 m, 26 Aug.-2 Sept. 1976, J.A. Steyermark et al. 112552,

112579 (K, VEN); Cerro Guaiquinima, Rio Paragua, alt. 1650 m, 31 Dec. 1951, B. Maguire 32859

(AMES, NY); Ilu-tepui, Gran Sabana, alt. 2500-2600 m, 15 Mar. 1952, B. Maguire 33432 (AMES, NY);

Chimantd Massif, Apacara-tepui, alt. 2450-2500 m, 21 June 1953, J.A. Steyermark 75938 (AMES);

Abacapa-tepui, alt. 1300 m, 20 Apr. 1953, J.A. Steyermark 75196 (AMES); Auyan-tepui, alt. 1950 m, 28

Feb. 1978, J.A. Steyermark et al. 116176 (MO, VEN); Piar, Aparaman-tepui, alt. 2150 m, 22 Mar. 1987,

B. Holst 3489 (MO); Camarcaibarai-tepui, alt. 1800 m, 23 May 1986, J.A. Steyermark, R. Liesner & B.

Holst 132051 (MO, SEL, US); summit of Murisipan-tepui, alt. 2350 m, 26 May 1986, B. Holst & J.A. Steyer¬

mark 2958 (MO); summit of Tereke-Yuren-tepui, alt. 2135 m, 26 May 1986, R. Liesner, J.A. Steyermark

& B. Holst 21063 (MO, VEN).

Amazonas: Atabapo, summit of Cerro Marahuaca, alt. 2750 m, Sept. 1976, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1341

(SEL, MO), C. Luer illustr. 19181; Rio Negro, Cerro de Neblina, alt. 140 m, 13 Mar. 1984, R. Liesner

16566B (MO); summit and south of summit, alt. 2520-2650 m, 26 Feb. 1985, J.A. Steyermark & B.

Holst 130825 (MO, VEN).

This locally common, little species from the highlands of Guyana and eastern

Venezuela is characterized by a small, caespitose habit with slender elliptical leaves

that are usually shorter than the ramicauls. The habit is similar to the other small,

sympatric species, such as Octomeria exigua C.Schweinf., O. integrilabia

C. Schweinf., O. minor C.Schweinf., O. nana C.Schweinf., and variations of O.

parvula C.Schweinf. However, the sepals and petals of O. parvifolia are obtuse and

single-veined, and the anterior lobe of the distinct, three-lobed lip is rounded and

concave, while the lateral lobes below the middle are erect and obtusely triangular.

A transverse, bitumid callus extends across the disc between the bases of the lateral

lobes.

104

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria parvula C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 90, 1935.

Ety.: From the Latin parvulus, "very small," referring to the species.

Plant small to very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 1-

6.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-4 close, deciduous, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly

elliptical, acute, 4-6 cm long, 0.2-0.5 cm wide in the dry state, narrowed below into an ill-defined

petiole less than ca. 0.5 cm long. Inflorescence a single, yellow flower produced successively by a

pedicel less than 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts numerous, shredded, ca. 1.5 mm

long; pedicels ca. 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals free, membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

elliptical, acute to subacute, 2.5-4 mm long, 0.75-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong,

oblique, subacute, 2.75-4 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, 3-veined; petals elliptical, similar to the sepals,

subacute, 2-3 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, 1-veined, or with incomplete, faint veins to either side; lip

ovate-trilobed, glabrous, 1.75-2 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide expanded, the lateral lobes erect, rounded,

below the middle, the apical lobe ovate, obtuse to subtruncate, the disc with a pair of thin, lamellate calli

on middle third, the base unguiculate, truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column short, semiterete, 1-

1.3 mm long, with the anther apical and stigma ventral.

GUYANA: Essequibo River, Moraballi Creek near Bartica, nearly sea level, 11 Sept. 1929, N.Y. Sand-

with 234a (Holotype of O. parvula: K); Arakaka, Feb. 1896, E.F. im Thurn s.n. (K).

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Chimanta Massif, Chimanta-tepui, alt. 1000 m, 24 May 1953, J.A. Steyermark

75571 (AMES, F, NY).

Amazonas: primary forest, alt. 120 m, 3 Dec. 1977, R. Liesner4143 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 21380.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. San Luis, autopista, alt. 800 m, 20 Feb. 1984, S. Hoyos & J. Hernan¬

dez 941 (JAUM, MO).

Amazonas: Rio Apaporis, alt. ca. 900 ft., Jan. 1952, R.E. Schultes & 1. Cabrera 16980 (AMES); Vaupes,

Rio Kananari, Cerro Isibukuri, 29 Oct. 1951, R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 14519A (AMES), C. Luer il¬

lustr. 21419; Rio Caqueta, La Pedrera, without altitude, 12 Oct. 1952, R.E. Schultes & 1. Cabrera

17810B (AMES, COL); Guainia, Maimachi, Serrania, Cerro Minas, at airport, alt. 900 m, 7 Apr. 1993, S.

Madrihan & C. Barbosa 946 (AMES).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Cerro Dimiti, Rio Dimiti, 12 May 1946, R.E. Schultes & F. Lopez 9958B

(AMES).

Occasional small specimens answering the description of Octomeria parvula

occur in a wide distribution at low altitudes across northern South America. They

are characterized by a small habit with narrowly elliptical leaves, and a small flower

with elliptical sepals and petals from two to four millimeters long. The lip, about

two millimeters long, is type A with the marginal lobes erect below the middle and

the usual pair of calli on the middle third.

The variations of Octomeria parvula and O. colombiana Schltr. converge

through the range of the two concepts, making their clear distinction impossible.

However, the name O. parvula is retained for the small varations with sepals less

than four millimeters long, although they could be considered to be only a varia¬

tions of O. colombiana.

Octomeria peruviana D.E.Benn. & Christenson, Icon. Orchid. Peruviarum. 3: tab.

521, 1998, replaced name for O. boliviensis Rolfe var. grandifolia C.

Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 194, 1942.

Ety.: Named for the type country.

Plant large, robust, epiphytic, rhizome thick, ascending to caespitose, roots thick. Ramicauls stout,

cm long, enclosed by 7-8 deciduous, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ovate, sharply

acute, 20-30 cm long, 2.5-4 cm wide, cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single,

successive flower produced by a peduncle 2-3 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm

long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm long; sepals light yellow, glabrous, free, the dorsal sepal

elliptical, acute, 10-15 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical, slightly oblique,

acute, 10-15 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, 5-veined; petals similar to the sepals, yellow, elliptical, acute, 9-12

mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 3- to 5-veined; lip yellow, suffused with purple or red, glabrous, oblong-tri-

lobed, with erose margins toward the apex, 6-7 mm long, 4 mm wide, the apex obtuse to truncate, the

lobes erect, uncinate, more or less antrorse, rounded at the tip, below the middle, the disc shallowly

concave between a pair of calli on the middle third, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the free tip of the

column-foot; column semiterete, 4 mm long, with the anther subapical and stigma ventral.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

105

PERU: Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyabamba, 600-1200 m, Aug.-Sept. 1933, G.

Klug 0.15 (Holotype of O. peruviana : AMES; Isotypes: K, US), C. Luer illustr. 21357.

Cajamarca: Huarango, Caserio el Porvenir, alt. 1200 m, 29 May 2006, J. Perea & V. Flores 2375 (MO).

Huanuco: Leoncio Prado, Tingo Maria to Carpish, alt. 950 m, 2 Dec. 1988, E. Jara P. ex Bennett 4252

(MO).

Amazonas: Bagua, Imaza, Aguaruna Putuim, alt. 700-820 m, 23 Sept. 1994, C. Diaz, A. Pena & P.

Atamain 7203 (MO, SEL); Tayu Mujaji, Wawas, alt. 800 m, R. Rojas et al. 415 (MO, SEL).

Cajamarca: San Ignacio, Huarango, alt. 1640 m, 29 Apr. 2006, E. Ortiz & J. Perea 1457 (MO).

San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyabamba, alt. 1100 m, May 1934, G. Klug 3637 (K).

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: below Chigiiinda, alt. 1600 m, flowered in cultivation at Ecuagenera,

Dec. 2001, A. Hirtz 7815 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Rio Nangaritza valley, alt. 850-930 m, 31 July 1993, A. Gentry 80957 (MO); above

Zamora, road to Podocarpus National Park, alt. 1000 m, 24 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P.

Jesup 16141 (MO).

Closely allied to Octomeria grandiflora Lindl., this species is the giant of the

genus, but it may be little more than an exceptionally large vegetative variation.

The rhizome is thick and ascending or caespitose, while O. grandiflora is densely

caespitose without a thickened rhizome. The ramicaul sometimes reaches 40

centimeters in height, and the narrowly ovate, acute leaf, can add another 30 cen¬

timeters. The large flowers are closely resemble those of the variable O. grandi¬

flora with sepals over 1 centimeter long, and a large lip with uncinate lateral lobes.

Large specimens of O. grandiflora may grade into O. peruviana , which leaves the

identification of intermediate collections to personal judgement.

Octomeria portillae Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

235, 2004.

Ety.: Named for Jose Portilla, proprietor of Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Ecuador, in whose collection this

species was discovered.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, subacute, 4-5 cm

long, enclosed by 5 tubular sheaths that are soon shredded. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical,

acute, 4-5 cm long, 0.6 cm wide, narrowed below into an ill-defined petiole. Inflorescence a single,

yellow flower produced successively by a pedicel less than 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts imbricating, 2 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals free, membranous, gla¬

brous, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, subacute, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

oblong, oblique, subacute, 3-4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, borne more or less parallel; petals ellip¬

tical, subacute, 3.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip ovate-trilobed, glabrous, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm

wide expanded, the lateral lobes erect, low, broadly rounded, below the middle, the apical lobe ovate,

obtuse to subtruncate, the disc with a pair of lamellate calli on the middle third, the base broad, shortly

unguiculate, hinged to the column-foot; column terete, 1.5 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ven¬

tral.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, near Paquisha, alt. 1500 m, cultivated at Ecua¬

genera, Gualaceo, 10 Nov. 2001, A. Hirtz 7894 (Holotype of O. portillae : MO), C. Luer illustr. 20226.

This species from the Cordillera del Condor in eastern Ecuador is similar in size

florally and vegetatively to Octomeria parvula Schweinf. of the Guyanas and

Amazonian Venezuela and Colombia. Although it could be a geographical varia¬

tion of O. parvula , it differs with a broader lip with low, rounded, lateral lobes and

a short, broad claw. In the few, poorly preserved flowers of O. parvula available,

the lip is narrower with erect, lateral lobes, and a narrower, longer claw,

Octomeria pygmaea C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 14: 53, 1949.

Ety.: From the Latin pygmaeus, "pygmy-like," referring to the minute habit.

Plant minute, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizome stout, 0.5-1 mm long between ramicauls; roots

fleshy. Ramicauls proportionately stout, erect, terete, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, ribbed, tubular

sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, acute to subacute, 5-6 mm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, cu-

neate below into a petiole ca. 0.5 mm long. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively in a

fascicle, borne by peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1.5 mm long;

106

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals light yellow, free, glabrous, elliptical, acute, the dorsal

sepal 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 2.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide,

faintly 3-veined; petals light yellow, ovate, acute, acuminate, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, faintly 1-veined;

lip yellow, subobovate-trilobed, glabrous, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide across lobes expanded, the apex

truncate, narrowed at the middle to the lateral lobes, the lateral lobes erect, broadly uncinate, antrorse,

occupying the lower half of the lip, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of calli on the lower half,

the base truncate, hinged to a long column-foot; column stout, semiterete, 0.5 mm long, the foot 0.75

mm long, with the anther sub apical and stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Upper Rio Negro drainage-area, Rio Dimitf, 12-19 May 1948, R.E. Schultes

& F. Lopez 10003 (Holotype of O. pygmaea : AMES 65206), C. Luer illustr. 21362.

This tiny species and Octomeria romerorum Carnevali & I.Ramfrez are the two

smallest species of the genus, their leaves being of similar size and shape. Both

species occur in Amazonian Venezuela. The sepals and petals of O . pygmaea are

acute, and the lip is three-lobed, somewhat differently shaped from the figure by

Elmer Smith in the original publication. The middle lobe is obcuneate and truncate,

while the lateral lobes are broadly uncinate.

Octomeria robusta Rchb.f. & Warm., Otia bot. Hamburg. 2: 93, 8 Aug. 1881.

Ety.: From the Latin robustus, "robust," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Octomeria boliviensis Rolfe, Bull. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 452, 1907.

Ety.: Named for the country of origin.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, ascending to shortly repent or caespitose, the rhizome stout, 5-10

mm between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, terete, 6-22 cm long, enclosed by 4-6

early-shredded, deciduous, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 7-16 cm long, 1-2.5

cm wide, cuneate below into a petiolate 1-1.5 cm long. Inflorescence a single or a few flowers produced

successively by peduncles 1-2 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 3-4 mm long; pedicels

3-5 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm long; sepals white or pale rose, glabrous, free, the dorsal sepal elliptical-

ovate, acute, 11-12 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, 5-7-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical-ovate, slightly ob¬

lique, acute, 10-11 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, 4-5-veined; petals white to rose, narrowly ovate, acute, 9-

10 mm long, 3-4.5 mm wide, 3-5-veined; lip white or yellow, marked with purple, glabrous, oblong-

trilobed, 7-8 mm long, 4-4.5 mm wide expanded, the lateral lobes erect, low, obtusely to subacutely

angled on anterior margin, below the middle, the anterior lobe ovate, with minutely erose margins, the

apex truncate, more or less slightly retuse, the disc shallowly concave between a pair of parallel calli on

the middle third, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the free tip of the column-foot; column white to

red-purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, with the anther subapical and stigma ventral.

BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, July 1863 - Apr. 1866, E. Warming s.n. (Holotype of O. robusta :

W).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Yungas, Coripati, 1894, M. Bang 2185 (holotype of O. boliviensis : AMES; Isotypes:

F, M, MO, W), C. Luer illustr. 21386; Hda. Simaco, on way to Tipuani, alt, 1400 m, Feb. 1920, O.

Buchtien 5044 (AMES); Mapiri region, San Carlos, alt. 600 m, Mar. 1927, O. Buchtien 563 (AMES);

Larecaja, between Guanay and Tipuani, alt. 1200 m, 23 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 8691

(SEL); Nor Yungas, near Coroico, alt. 1800 m, collected Aug. 1991, cultuvated in Quito by A. Hirtz

5790 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 21372; Sud Yungas, Alto Beni, alt. 1150 m, 14 Sept. 1999, T. Kromer & C.

Acebey 799 (LPB, SEL); Parque Nacional Madidi, refugio Chalalan, campamento Estaban, alt. 450 m, 20

Apr. 2000, T. Kromer & C. Acebey 1018 (LPB, SEL).

PERU: San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyabamba, alt. 1100 m, May 1934, G. Klug 3637 (AMES).

ECUADOR: Napo: cleared forest 14 km north of Archidona, alt. ca. 1000 m, 27 July 1975, flowered at

SEL, Dec. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 626 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: new road between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 19 Jan. 1989, A. Hirtz, A. An-

dreetta & S. Ortega 4119 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 14416.

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, between Los Encuentros and Paquisha Military Camp, alt.

1000 m, collected by F L Stevenson, cultivated at Chamblee, GA, 14 Oct. 1990, F L Stevenson 90-1014-

6 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 21373.

This large species, distributed in the mountains from Ecuador into Brazil, is

characterized by a robust, shortly repent or caespitose habit; elliptical, petiolate

leaves; and large flowers with the five- or seven-veined sepals about a centimeter

long. The lateral lobes of the lip are low and subacutely to obtusely angled on

the anterior margin, while the anterior lobe is ovate, truncate, and minutely erose.

A pair of calli extends forward from the lateral lobes, all as seen in a type A lip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 107

Octomeria romerorum Carnevali & I.Ramfrez, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(3):

551, fig. 2, 1990.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. and Mrs. Gustavo Romero.

Plant very small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome stout, 2-3 mm between ramicauls, roots slender.

Ramicauls proportionately stout, erect, ca. 1 mm long, enclosed by a membranous, tubular sheath. Leaf

erect to suberect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 4-6 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, cuneate

below to the base. Inflorescence a single, successive flower; peduncles less than 1 mm long, pedicels 3

mm long; floral bracts 2 mm long, borne from the apex of the ramicaul; ovary 6 mm long; sepals gla¬

brous, membranous, the sepals narrowly ovate, narrowly obtuse, free, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 1.2

mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, faintly 3-veined; petals narrowly

ovate, acute, 2.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, faintly 3-veined; lip type C, ovoid, subtrilobed, thick, the apex acute,

1.6 mm long, 1 mm wide unexpanded, with erect, rounded, marginal lobes below the middle, the disc

shallowly concave, microscopically pubescent, the base truncate, attached to the column-foot; column

semiterete, 0.5 mm long, the foot equally short, the anther and stigma subapical.

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Atures, Rio Gavilan, alt. 700-1000 m, 14 July 1987, G.A. Romero, F.J.

Guanchez & E. Gutierrez 1324 (Holotype of O. romerorum : VEN; Isotypes: AMES, K, MO, TFAV), C. Luer

illustr. 19127.

This rare, minute, creeping species, known only from the original collection, is

not related to any known species. The proportionately thick rhizome bears rami¬

cauls less than one millimeter long with tiny, thick, elliptical leaves about five

millimeters long, and a single flower from the base of a leaf. The sepals and petals

are ovate and free. The ovoid lip is convave between broadly rounded marginal

lobes.

Octomeria rotundata Luer & Hirtz, Selbyana 22: 117-119, 2001.

Ety.: From the Latin rotundatus , "rounded," referring to the subcircular sepals and petals.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, terete, 4-8 cm

long, enclosed by 4-8 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 5-7.5 cm long,

1-1.2 cm wide, cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single flower produced succes¬

sively by abbreviated peduncles 2 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedi¬

cels 2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals translucent pale rose, glabrous, free, the dorsal sepal broadly

elliptical, obtuse, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals broadly elliptical, obtuse, overlap¬

ping, 6 mm long, 3.3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals colored as the sepals, broadly elliptical, obtuse, over¬

lapping the sepals, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; lip type B, pale rose, glabrous, broadly cordate, 2 mm

long, 2 mm wide, with oblong, basal lobes flanking the column, acutely deflexed upon itself above the

base between the lobes, the apex broadly rounded, smooth, the disc convex without calli, the deflexed

base hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column yellow, stout, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, with the anther

and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutucu, between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 18

Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P. Jesup, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 13986 (Holotype of O. rotundata : MO).

Octomeria rotundata is known only from the original collection from eastern

Ecuador at a relatively low altitude. The caespitose habit of medium size with el-

liptcal leaves is not distinctive. The sepals and petals are broadly elliptical and

overlap toward their bases. The lip is type C with the claw acutely deflexed from

below the middle of a larger, broadly ovate blade. Elongated, rounded basal angles

flank the column.

Octomeria sarthouae Luer, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 1-2: 47, 1991.

Ety.: Named in honor of Corinne Sarthou of the University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, who first

discovered this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Secondary stems slender, erect, 1-3 cm long,

enclosed by 3-4 ribbed, tubular, fugacious sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical,

acute, 15-35 mm long, 2.5-4.5 mm wide, narrowed below into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence a

congested fascicle of successive, single flowers, near the apex of the secondary stem, the peduncles less

108

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

than 1 mm long; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals free,

purple, glabrous, ovate, acute, 1-veined, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, the lateral sepals

oblique, 3.75 mm long, 2 mm wide; petals purple, ovate, acute, 1-veined, 3 mm long, 1.4 mm wide; lip

type B, dark purple, subcircular, papillose, fringed, 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, the base cordate with the

obtuse basal angles embracing the column above the middle, the disc papillose-verrucose, with a pair of

low, smooth, oblong calli from the base, cleft between, the base oblong, acutely deflexed against the

blade, continuous with the column-foot; column semiterete, 1.5 mm long, irregular at the apex, the foot

short, continuous with the basal portion of the lip.

FRENCH GUYANA: epiphytic in Montagne des Nouragues, Bassin de l’Arataye, 15 Mar. 1989, C.

Sarthou 495 (Holotype: P; Isotypes: CAY, MO), C. Luer illustr. 14782; Sommet Sud du Pic Matecho,

alt. 580 m, 21 Jan. 1980. J.J. de Granville 3324 (CAY, SEL).

This species, apparently endemic in French Guyana, is distinguished by the

small habit with thick, narrowly elliptical leaves about as long as the secondary

stems. The inflorescence is a congested succession of small, short-stemmed, purple

flowers produced from below the base of the leaf. The sepals are free, ovate, acute,

and one-veined. The petals are similar. The lip is round with a prominently fringed

margin. The basal angles of the lip embrace the column, while the base is acutely

deflexed against the back of blade.

This species is closely related to the larger Octomeria splendida Garay & Dunst.

of neighboring Venezuela, differing mainly in the deeply fringed, papillose lip. No

pollinia were present with the type of Sarthou 495, but in O. splendida only six

pollinia are present.

Octomeria scirpoidea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 856,

1852.

Bas.: Aspegrenia scirpoidea Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl.(Poeppig & Endlicher), 2: 12, tab.

116,1836.

Ety.: From the Latin scirpoideus , "rush-like," referring to the slender, terete leaves.

Syn.: Octomeria brevifolia Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(4): 643, 1896.

Ety: From the Latin brevifolius, "short-leaved," referring to the foliage.

Syn.: Octomeria tenuis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 455, 1912.

Ety.: From the Latin tenuis , "thin," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Octomeria brachypetala Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 42(2): 92, 1925.

Ety.: From the Greek brachypetalus, "short-petaled," referring to slightly shorter petals.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots thickly fleshy. Ramicauls slender,

erect, terete, bare above basal sheaths, sometimes slightly compressed above, 5-18 cm long, 1-1.5 mm

wide, enclosed by a close, tubular sheath 1-5 cm long, from near the base and another, short sheath at the

base. Leaf erect, terete, narrowly linear, slightly channeled, acute, 4-8 cm long, 2 wide, 2 mm thick,

continuous below into the sessile base. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively, borne by

an abbreviated peduncle ca. 1.5 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels

2-3 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals light yellow to yellow-orange, glabrous, the dorsal sepal free,

ovate, acute, 7-9 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical, oblong, obtuse, more or

less parallel, 6-10 mm long, 1.5-2.75 mm wide, 3-veined, slightly adherent to connate ca. 3 mm at the

base; petals light yellow, elliptical-ovate, acute, 5-7.5 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow,

ovate-trilobed, glabrous, 3.5-4 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, with margins minutely undulate, broadly

rounded at the apex, with the lateral lobes basal, large, 1.5 mm long, erect, acutely uncinate, antrorse, the

disc shallowly concave between a pair of calli on the basal third, the base broadly truncate, firmly hinged

to the tip of the column-foot; column white, semiterete, 2 mm long, the anther apical and the stigma ven¬

tral.

PERU: Huanuco: Cuchero, subandean forest, Dec. 1829, E. Poeppig 1581 (Holotype of O. scirpoidea :

W); Cerros del Sira, alt. 860 m, 7 July 1969, F. Wolfe 12262 (NA).

San Martin: Mariscal C&ceres, Tocache Nuevo, alt. 700-800 m, 16 Dec. 1972, J. Schunke V, 5740 (NY,

SEL); south of Nuevo San Martin, alt. 650 m, 16 July 1982, A. Gentry, D. Smith & R. Tredwell 37582

(MO).

Pasco: trail to Pichi Palcaso, alt. 800 m, collected by Saul Ruiz, cultivated by Arias, 13 Dec. 2002, S.

Dalstrom 2301 (SEL).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

109

Amazonas: Bagua, alt. 600-700 m, 25 Aug. 1986, C. Diaz et al. 7932 (MO, SEL); Imaza, Tayu Mujaji,

near Wawas, alt. 1200 m, 12 Oct. 1997, R. Vdsquez, J. Lirio & G. Pitug 24634 (MO, SEL).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Munecas, near Consata, 3 Apr. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 6003 (SEL);

Larecaja, between Guanay and Tipuani, alt. 1200 m, 23 June 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vdsquez et al.

12921 (MO); Mapiri, near San Antonio, alt. 850 m, Dec. 1907, O. Buchtien 1269 (holotype of O. tenuis

lost at B, neotype here designated: C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vdsquez 6003 , SEL).

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: west of Lita, 27 June 1991, C.H. Dodson, H. van der Werff & B. Gray 18725

(MO).

Morona-Santiago: near Santiago, alt. 400 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 5 Mar, 2001, C. Luer

19684 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Rio Apaporis, Soratama, alt. 250 m, 15 Dec. 1951, H. Garcia-Barriga 14109

(AMES, US).

Choco: west of Tutenendo, road to Quibdo, alt. 100 m, 12 Aug. 1976, A. Gentry & M. Fallen 17590

(COL, MO).

Valle del Cauca: Bahia de Buenaventura, Quebrada de San Joaquin, alt. 10 m, Feb. 1946, J. Cuatrecasas

19949 (AMES, COL); Bajo Calima, north of Buenaventura, alt. 50 m, 19 Feb. 1983, A. Gentry & A.

Juncosa 40536 (MO).

Vaupes: Rio Vaupes, Pacu, 6 Mar. 1944, R.E. Schultes 5813 (AMES); Rio Kuduyari, Yapoboda, 4-6

Oct. 1951, R.E. Schultes & 1. Cabrera 14325 (AMES); Rio Apaporis, Raudal de Jirijirimo, alt. ca. 900

ft., 21 Jan. 1952, R.E. Schultes & 1. Cabrera 14925 (AMES).

PANAMA: Colon: Santa Rita Ridge Road, 26 Sept. 1974, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 2158 (MO).

VENEZUELA: Rio Carrao, between Laime’s camp and Orchid island, Jan. 1959, G.C.K. Dunsterville

480.

Amazonas: Vaupes: Rio Vaupds, alt. unk., 6 Mar. 1944, R.E. Schultes 5813 (AMES); Atures, Serrania

Batata, northeast of Salto Colorado, alt. 550 m, Sept. 1989, A. Fernandez, E. Sanoja & M. Yanez 6326

(MO, PORT); cut forest by IVIC Study Area, alt. 120 m, 3 Dec. 1977, R. Liesner 4145 (MO); northeast

of San Carlos de Rio Negro, alt. 120 m, 17 Apr. 1979, R. Liesner 6714 (MO).

Bolivar: Gran Sabana, southwest of Karaurin Tepui, alt. 900-1000 m, 27 Apr. 1988, R. Liesner 23919

(MO).

GUYANA: Hyma Hill, Barama River, 4 Apr. 1897, E.F. im Thum 127 (K); Essequibo River, Moraballi

Creek, near Bartica, alt. near sea level, 21 Oct. 1929, N.Y. Sandwith 498 (AMES, K).

FRENCH GUYANA: Montagne de Kaw, alt. 280-300 m, 12 May 1986, C. Luer & J. Luer (K, MO).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Atapany, B. Rodrigues s.n. [Lectotype of O. brevifolia, here designated is

Rodrigues’s plate, BR, reproduced in Sprunger et al., Iconogr. Orchid. Bresil (Barb.Rodr.) 3: tab. 199,

1996; Parana de Limao, G. Hiibner 64 (holotype of O. brachypetala destroyed at B, neotype here desig¬

nated: Luer 18171a, MO); near Manaos, Feb. 1902, E. Ule 451b (BR); Pando, Rio Abuna, above con¬

fluence of Rio Negro, 16 Nov. 1968, G.T. Prance et al. 8525 (K, NY); Vila Bittencourt, Rio Japura, alt.

100 m, 16 Nov. 1982, l.L. Amaral et al. 514 (K, Inst. Nac. de Pesquisas da Amaz); Rio Uaupds, Ipanord,

Jan.-Feb. 1948, R.E. Schultes & F. Lopez 9670 (AMES); on trees at base of Montes Cocui, R. Spruce

3025 (K).

Para: alt. 100 m, collected by J. Baptista, flowered in cultivation in Sao Paulo, Jan. 1997, by M. Cam-

pacci, C. Luer 18171a (MO).

Octomeria scirpoidea was collected in northern Peru by Poeppig in 1829, and

was the basis for Aspegrenia , a new genus published by Endlicher in 1836.

Reichenbach immediately transferred it to Octomeria. Octomeria brevifolia Cogn.,

was collected in Amazonian Brazil, presumably by Barbosa Rodrigues, and de¬

scribed by Cogniaux in 1896. The two concepts are characterized by a slender,

nearly naked ramicaul terminated by a nearly equally slender, terete leaf distinctly

shorter than the ramicaul, and a succession of single flowers. The dorsal sepal and

petals are free, ovate and acute, while the lateral sepals are oblong, obtuse, oblique,

nearly parallel, and often lightly adherent or connate somewhere in the lower half.

The basal lobes of the type A lip are erect and acutely uncinate.

Schlechter described Octomeria brachypetala in 1925 from an Amazonian

collection in which the petals were about a millimeter shorter that those of O. brevi¬

folia Cogn. All other details being the same, O. brachypetala is synonmimized

here.In his description of Octomeria tenuis in 1912, Schlechter stated that it was

similar to O. brevifolia , but declared that the lip was entirely different. His drawing

shows the uncinate basal lobes as retrorse, but the lip has been bent backward to

cause this distortion. If the lip had been straightened, the lobes would have been

antrorse, as seen in O. scirpoidea.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

111

Octomeria semiconnata C.Schweinf., Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 21: 398, 1952.

Ety.: From the Latin semiconnatus , "semiconnate," referring to the deep connation of the lateral

sepals.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete,

5-22 cm long, enclosed by 4-6 tubular, fragmented sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly

linear-elliptical, channeled, acute, 6-11 cm long, 3-8 mm wide, continuous below into the sessile base.

Inflorescence a single flower produced successively by a peduncle 1-2 mm long, at the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm long; sepals yellow-green,

glabrous, membranous, the dorsal sepal free, elliptical, acute, 6-11 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined,

the lateral sepals parallel, connate up to half the length and overlapping beyond, creating an oblong-ovate

lamina 6-11 mm long, 5-6.5 mm wide; petals elliptical, acute, 6-10 mm long, 1.75-3 mm wide, 3-veined;

lip yellow or red, glabrous, broadly oblong or ovate-subquadrate, trilobed, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, with

margins minutely irregular, broadly rounded or truncate at the apex, the lateral lobes on the lower third,

suberect, low, round, obtuse to rounded, the disc with a pair of oblique calli descending from the lateral

lobes, the midvein thickened toward the apex, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-

foot; column white, semiterete, 2 mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

PERU: San Martin: Tingo Maria, alt. ca. 860 m, Allard 21398 (Holotype of O. semiconnata : US).

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: above Gualaquiza, alt. 1700 m, 26 Dec. 1982, S. Dalstrom 396 (SEL),

C. Luer illustr. 8710; new road between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 18 Jan. 1989, C. Luer y J. Luer

etal 13985 (MO).

Napo: between Cotunda and Coca, alt. 1000 m, July 1984, A. Hirtz 1863 (MO).

The two collections of this species in Ecuador are larger than the solitary collec¬

tion known from Peru. Vegetatively similar to Octomeria dalstroemii Luer with

long, slender ramicauls and long, slender leaves, this species is characterized by the

semiconnation of more or less parallel lateral sepals. The lip is broadly oblong,

broadly rounded or truncate at the apex, with proportionately small lateral lobes,

and a short pair of oblique calli.

Octomeria splendida Garay & Dunst. in Dunst. & Garay, Venez. Orchid. Ill. 6:

292, 1976.

Ety.: From the Latin splendidus , "splendid," referring to properties of the plant.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls relatively stout, erect, 6-7 cm

long, enclosed by 4 imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous with recurved margins,

narrowly elliptical, acute, 6-6.5 cm long, 7-9.5 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into a twisted petiole

ca. 0.5 cm long. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively by abbreviated peduncles 1 mm

long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts ca. 2 mm long; pedicels ca. 2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm

long; flowers dark red-purple with yellow-brown edges; sepals glabrous, free, the dorsal sepal elliptical-

ovate, acute, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1.8-2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical, oblique, acute, 3.5-

4.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined; petals ovate, acute, 2.5-3.4 mm long, 0.9-1.25 mm wide, 1-

veined; lip type B, red-purple, thick, glabrous, subcircular, broadly rounded at the apex, 1.2 mm long,

1.5 mm wide, the margins minutely erose, the disc with a pair of low calli near the middle of the circular

blade, acutely deflexed just above the middle into a broad claw nearly as long as the blade, hinged to the

rounded tip of the column-foot; column purple, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, with the anther and stigma

apical; pollinia 6.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Cerro Jaua, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1013 (Holotype of O. splendida : AMES), C.

Luer illustr. 19215; Meseta de Sarisarinama, Macizo de Jaua-Sarisarinama, alt. 2000 m, J.A. Steyermark

s.n. (AMES).

This species is vegetatively similar to many other species in Octomeria except

for the very thick leaves with recurved margins. The dark red-purple flowers are

borne by abbreviated pedicels and peduncles only to a millimeter long. The sepals

are free, acute and three-veined; the petals are ovate, acute and single-veined. The

lip is acutely deflexed near the middle into a circular, minutely erose blade and a

broad claw. The column is terete with an apical anther and stigma. Six pollinia in

two clusters of three, each pollinium with a minute viscidium, are present.

112

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria steyermarkii Garay & Dunst., Venez, Orch. Ill. 3: 204, 1965.

Ety.: Named in honor of Julian A. Steyermark, indefatigable botanist and collector.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-6 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-ovate, acute, 2-6 cm

long, 0.6 mm wide, to 3 cm long, 1 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 1-2 mm long. Inflorescence a

single flower produced successively from a spathe 2-3 mm long at the apex of the ramicaul, peduncles

ca. 1 mm long; floral bracts 2.5-3 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm long; ovary 2-4 mm long; flowers yellow to

dark red-purple; sepals glabrous, the dorsal narrowly ovate, acute, long-attenuate, 2-4 cm long, 2.25 mm

wide, 1-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, long-acuminate, 2-4 cm long, 1.75 mm

wide, 1-veined, connate basally 2-3 mm; petals narrowly ovate, acute, long-attenuate, 2-3 cm long, 1.5

mm wide, 1-veined; lip type C, thick, ovate, 2.5-3 mm long, 2.25-2.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, shortly

retuse, the disc broadly rounded and diffusely cellular above the base and below a low pair of calli that

converge to near the middle, the base truncate, hinged to the rounded tip of the column-foot; column

semiterete, 1.5 mm long, with the anther apical and stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Cerro Venamo, southwestern part, alt. 1000 m, 27 Dec. 1963, J.A. Steyermark,

G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 92207 (Lectotype here designated: AMES); same collection data, J.A. Steyer¬

mark, G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 92617 (Isotype: AMES); same area, Jan. 1964, G.C.K. Dunsterville 833

(AMES), C. Luer illustr. 19291; 121 Km south of El Dorado, alt. 1280 m, J.A. Steyermark 123683 (SEL,

VEN).

This species is vegetatively similar to many other small species in Octomeria ,

but the flowers are unique. The sepals are long-attenuate, reaching four centimeters

in length, and the attenuated petals are nearly as long. The lip is ovate with a retuse

tip, and broadly rounded below the middle with the surface diffusely cellular.

Octomeria tapiricataractae G.A.Romero & Luer, Harvard Pap. Bot. 7(1): 84, 2002.

Ety.: Named for the Tapir Cataracts where the species was collected.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 0.6-1.5 cm long, en¬

closed by 2-3 loose, tubular, fugacious sheaths. Leaf dark green, suffused with purple above and be¬

neath, erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical to narrowly ovate, acute, 10-18 mm long, 5-6 mm

wide, 2-2.5 mm thick, cuneate below into a petiole ca. 3 mm long. Inflorescence a single flower pro¬

duced successively from the apex of the ramicaul, with peduncles 2.5 mm long; floral bracts 2-2.5 mm

long; pedicels 2.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals free, glabrous, membranous, light orange, the

dorsal broadly elliptical, obtuse, 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals broadly ovate,

slightly oblique, obtuse, 1.6 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 3-veined, overlapping at the base; petals mem¬

branous, broadly ovate, obtuse, 1.6 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 2-veined; lip type C, yellowish with a cen¬

tral, reddish, triangular spot, thick, transversely subquadrangular, 0.5 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, the apex

broadly rounded, with obtuse, lateral angles, the disc with a pair of oblique, converging calli from the

marginal angles, the base broadly truncate, firmly hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column conical,

0.5 mm long, with the anther apical and stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Munic. Autana, Tapir Cataracts, alt. 1546 m, 2000, G.A. Romero, C. Gomez

& L.M. Campbell 3279 (Holotype: VEN; Isotypes: AMES, TFAV), C. Luer illustr. 20052.

This tiny species of Octomeria is known only from the type collection from

Amazonian Venezuela. The little, narrow, purplish leaf is thickly coriaceous. The

broadly obtuse, floral parts are less than two millimeters long, The lip is type C,

broader than long, with a broadly rounded apex between obtuse, lareral angles on

either side, with a pair of oblique calli converging from the marginal angles to

above the apical margin.

Octomeria taracuana Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 47(2): 93, 1925.

Ety.: Named for Taracua, the Amazonian locality where the species was collected.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots thick. Ramicauls slender, 2-6 cm long,

with 2-3 imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thick, semiterete, channeled, linear, acute, 2-10 cm

long, 2-3 mm wide, narrowed below into the sessile base. Inflorescence a single flower produced suc¬

cessively, from a spathe 2-3 mm long near the apex of the ramicaul; peduncle 1-2 mm long; pedicel 3

mm long; floral bract 2.5-3 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals yellowish white, with or without red

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

113

veins, free, glabrous, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, narrowly obtuse, 5.5-9 mm long, 1.75-2.5 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals similar, slightly oblique, 5.5-8 mm long, 1.8-2.2 mm wide, 3-veined;

petals similar, narrowly ovate, acute, 5-7 mm long, 1.5-1.7 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, more or less

suffused with purple, deeply trilobed, 3.5-5 mm long, 2 mm wide unexpanded, the lateral lobes above the

base, erect, antrorse, falcate, acute, the middle lobe oblong-obovate, broadly rounded at the apex with

irregular egdes, the disc with a pair of low, oblique calli on the lower third, the base truncate, hinged to

the tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, with the anther apical and the stigma ventral.

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Alto Amazonas, Taracua, G. Hiibner 177 (Holotype destroyed at B, Neotype here

designated: G.A. Romero 3219A, TFAV).

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Munic. Autdnomo Maroa, Rio Temi, Lago Budara, 26 Oct. 1998, G.A.

Romero, C. Gomez, L.M. Campbell & G. Gerlach 3219A (TFAV, AMES), C. Luer illustr. 19214.

This small species of Octomeria is characterized by slender ramicauls and long,

slender semiterete leaves. The sepals and petals are narrowly elliptical, acute, and

more or less striped in red. The lip is deeply trilobed with acute, falcate lobes above

the base.

Octomeria tridentata Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 25 (Misc.): 35, 1839.

Ety.: From the Latin tridentatus , "tridentate," referring to the apex of the lip.

Syn.: Octomeria surinamensis H.Focke, Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch, Eerste Kl. Konti Ned. Inst.

2: 200,1849.

Ety.: Named for Suriname, the country where the species was collected.

Syn.: Octomeriapetulans Rchb.f., Hamburger Garten-Blumenzeitung 15: 59, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin petulans, "pert," Reichenbach’s opinion of the plant.

Syn.: Octomeria xanthina Barb.Rodr., Vellosia, ed. 2, 1: 121, 1891.

Ety.: From the Greek xanthos, "yellow," referring to the flower.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose to shortly ascending; roots slender. Ramicauls stout,

erect, terete, 5-15 cm long, enclosed by 5-6 early-shredded, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

narrowly elliptical to narrowly elliptical-oblong, acute, 5-15 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, cuneate below into a

petiole ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively, or several flowers produced

simultaneously by peduncles 1-2 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedi¬

cels 2-3 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals white to yellow, glabrous, free, the dorsal sepal elliptical-

ovate, acute, 7-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical-ovate, slightly oblique,

acute, 7-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 5-veined; petals colored as the sepals, elliptical, acute, 6-7 mm long,

2.5-3 mm wide, 3- or 5-veined; lip yellow, often marked with orange or red-purple, glabrous, oblong-

trilobed, 5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide expanded, the lateral lobes erect, oblique, broadly uncinate, an¬

trorse, subacute to rounded at the tip, below the middle, the apical lobe subquadrate, diagonally truncate

to retuse, sometimes apiculate, more or less with erose margins, the disc shallowly concave between a

pair of calli on the middle third, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the free tip of the column-foot;

column white to red-purple, semiterete, 3 mm long, with the anther subapical and stigma ventral.

Selected collections from many:

GUYANA: Demerara, Loddiges s.n. (Holotype of O. tridentata : K), C. Luer illustr. 21388; Bartica, Nov.

1886, G.S. Jenman 2526 (K); Arakaka, Barama River, 23 Apr. 1897, E.F. im Thurn 155 (K); 29 Nov.

1897, E.F. im Thurn 228 (K); Essequibo River, Moraballi Creek, near Bartica, near sea level, 11 Sept.

1929, N.Y. Sandwith 233, 234 (K); Essequibo River, Labbakabra Creek, 24 Aug. 1937, N.Y. Sandwith

1183 (AMES, K); Marowijine River, 18 July 1965, D. Hugh-Jones 66 (K); Upper Demirara region,

Mabura Hill, alt. 100-200 m, 16 Sept. 1986, J.J. Pipoly & R. Boyan 8506 (BRG, MO, NY, SEL, US).

SURINAME: without data, H.Focke 64 (holotype of O. surinamensis: W); Eripis Perica, Wullschlegel

1595 (BR, W); near Mariepusten, May 1846 Kegel 1427 (BR, W); Tafelberg, Lisa Kreek Savanah, alt.

600-700 m, 27 June 1998, T. Hawkins 1822 (MO, SEL).

FRENCH GUYANA: Piste St. Elie, alt. 100 m, 13 May 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Barthelemy 12238

(MO).

TRINIDAD: without locality, 6 Jan. 1927, W.E. Broadway 6515 (AMES); Houtt. Gand. Apr. 1848,

Kegel s.n. ( W).

NICARAGUA: Chontales: Lake Nicaragua, Volcan Madera, Isla Ometepe, alt 3,900 ft., A. Heller 8272,

(SEL).

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Atures, Serranla Batata, Cano Colorado, alt. 550 m, Sept. 1989. E. Sandja-

Angel 3163 (MO, PORT); Rio Negro, Cerro de Neblina, alt. 140 m, 13 Mar. 1984, R. Liesner 16566A

(MO).

Bolivar: 93 km south of El Dorado, July 1955, G.C.K. Dunsterville s.n,; Sierra Ichun, near Salto Maria

Espuma, alt. 500-625 m, 29 Dec. 1961, J.A. Steyermark 90426 (AMES).

Zulia: Sierra de Perija, alt. 1550 m, Apr. 1972, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1813.

114

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Cocorna, vereda La Pinuela, alt. 700-1000 m, 6 July 1991, D. Giraldo C. 360

(HUA, MO).

Amazonas: Meta, east of Villavicencia, flowered in cultivation by R. Escobar, 7 May 1989, C. Luer

14110 (MO); Vaupes, Rio Apaporis, alt. 250 m, 27 Aug. 1951, R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 13780

(AMES); Rio Apaporis, Soratama, alt. ca. 900 ft., Jan. 1952, R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 19839 (AMES),

C. Luer illustr. 21355; Rio Kuduyarf, Yapoboda, Apr. 1953, R.E. Schultes & 1. Cabrera 20067 (AMES).

Valle del Cauca: La Cumbre, alt. 1800-2100 m, 14 May 1922, F.W. Pennell & E.P. Killip 5736 (AMES, NY).

ECUADOR: Napo: Parque Nacional Yasunl, Rio Daymi, alt. 230 m, 14 Jan. 1988, C.E. Ceron M. 3336

(MO).

Morona-Santiago: south of Gualaquiza, alt. 500 m, Aug. 1975, flowered in cultivation 14 Oct. 1975, C.

Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 587 (SEL); between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 19 Jan. 1989, A. Hirtz,

A. Andreetta & S. Ortega 4119 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, Patchicutza, alt. 1200-1500 m, June 1991, A. Hirtz 5523

(MO); Rio Jamboe, south of Zamora, alt. 1550 m, 22 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup

16097 { MO).

PERU: Amazonas: Bagua, Chiriaco to Puenta Venezuela, alt. 1,050-2,400 ft., 5 Nov. 1978, P. Barbour

4452 (F, MO); Condorcanqui, Mamayaque, alt. 600-800 m, 14 Feb. 1997, E. Rodriguez et al. 1516 (MO,

SEL); Imaza, Aguaruna de Putuim, alt. 500 m, 25 Aug. 1984, C. Diaz et al. 7034 (MO).

Loreto: vicinity of Iquitos, alt. 100 m, July 1937, G. Klug 10105 (AMES); region of Iquitos, 15 Oct.

1964, C.H. Dodson 2754 (MO); Requena, Jenaro Herrera, Rio Yavari, alt. 20 m, 25 Aug. 1976, J. Revilla

1200 (MO); Iquitos, Maynas, alt. 120 m, 25 Nov. 1985, M. Rimachi Y. 8120 (IBE, MO); Coronel Portil¬

lo, Padre Abad, alt. 295 m, 25 Oct. 1972, J. Schunke V. 5459 (SEL).

San Martin: Mariscal Caceres, alt. 350 m, 2 Aug. 1973, J. Schunke V. 6640 (MO, SEL).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: near Panure, at Rio Maupes, Oct. 1852-Jan. 1853, R. Spruce 2523 (neotype of O.

petulans here designated: W; isotypes: BR, K); Rio Yauapery, Puerto Tauakuera, Barbosa Rodrigues

s.n., [syntype lost; lectotype of O. xanthina here designated, fig. E, tab. 200, vol. 3, Barb.Rodr., Icon.

Orchid. Bresil (as "xhantina"), orig. illustr. at the Library of the Rio de Janeiro Bot. Gard., syntype cited

as tab. 862 (unpub.) in Velosia, ed. 2, 1: 121, 1891; Cogn. in Mart., FI. Bras. 3(4), tab. 123, fig. II, 1896;

reprod. in Sprunger et al., 1996, vol. 1: 258, fig. E (as "petulans")]; Rio Yauapery, Puerto Tauakuera, B.

Rodrigues s.n., syntype lost; lectotype of O. xanthina, here designated, tab. 842, in Velosia, ed. 2, 1: 121,

1881, between Manaus and Caracaral, Campina, 29 Aug. 1979, J.L. Zarucchi 2516 (MO, NY).

Octomeria tridentata , is a frequent, widely distributed and variable species in

northern South America that is commonly known as Octomeria surinamensis

H.Focke. It has often been regarded as a synonym of O. grandiflora Lindl., because

of similar lips with large, uncinate lateral lobes, but it differs from O. grandiflora

by a smaller habit with narrower, more or less elliptical-oblong leaves, and smaller

flowers with sepals less than a centimeter long. Some collections with intermediate

features make determinations uncertain. The morphology of the lip of either spe¬

cies is not identical in every flower, even within a population.

Lindley described Octomeria tridentata from a plant apparently cultivated by

Loddiges that had been collected in Guyana. The specimen consists of two separate

leaves with incomplete ramicauls. The drawing of an unexpanded lip is attached to

the sheet, but it was not correctly interpreted. The leaf to the left, designated the

holotype, is narrowly elliptical and the single flower remaining was hydrated and

drawn, revealing somewhat different details, as illustrated in Fig. 55c. The lateral

lobes of the lip are broadly uncinate and antrorse, like those of O . surinamensis and

the larger-flowered Octomeria grandiflora , and not simply rounded as in the majori¬

ty of type A lips. The sterile leaf to the right is wider and ovate, and the identity is

unknown.

Mounted on the same sheet with the type of Octomeria tridentata , are four

specimens of two to four ramicauls each of Wright 654 from Cuba, hence the Cuban

plant became mistakenly known as O. tridentata. The only species of the genus on

the island, it was finally described by Helga Dietrich as O. ventii , but it is indistin¬

guishable from the variable O, costaricensis Schltr.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

115

Reichenbach described Octomeria petulans from a cultivated plant from the

garden of Pecol de Medicine in Paris, but the specimen is missing. A collection by

Spruce from Amazonian Brazil is labelled O. petulans in Reichenbach’s herbarium

at W. Barbosa Rodrigues described Octomeria xanthina also from Amazonian

Brazil, citing his own collection, and without mention of another collection. In

Cogniaux’s treatment of Octomeria xanthina in Mutis’s Flora Brasiliensis , the

citation of the Spruce collection follows the citation of O. xanthina. Cogniaux

attributed to O. tridentata , a Brazilian collection described as O. multiflora by

Barbosa Rodriguez (Gen. Sp. Orchid. 2: 98, 1882).

Octomeria valerioi Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 10: 51, 1930.

Ety.: Named for Juvenal Valerio, co-collector of this species.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome stout, 5 mm thick, 2 mm to 2 cm long

between ramicauls; roots thick. Ramicauls stout, erect, 15-22 cm long, with 6-7 tubular, early shredded

sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly linear-ovate, acute, 15-25 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate

below into the subsessile base. Inflorescence usually several, single flowers produced simultaneously in

a fascicle, borne by peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts cucullate, 2 mm

long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals yellow, free, similar, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

elliptical-ovate, acute, 6-8 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong-triangular, 6-8

mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, elliptical-ovate, acute, 5.5-7 mm long, 2-2.5 mm

wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, ovate-trilobed, glabrous, 3.5-4 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide expanded, the lateral

lobes erect, broadly rounded, below the middle, the apical lobe ovate with thin margins, erose, undulate,

truncate at the apex, often with a decurved apiculum between marginal angles, the disc shallowly con¬

cave between a pair of lamellate calli from the lateral lobes, the base truncate, hinged to the free tip of

the column-foot; column semiterete, denticulate at the apex, 1.5-2 mm long, the anther subapical, stigma

ventral.

COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: El Silencio, near Tilaran, alt. ca. 750 m, 13 Jan. 1926, P.C. Standley & J.

Valerio 44769 (Holotype of O. valerioi : AMES 33478; Isotypes: K, US); same collection data, P.C.

Standley & J. Valerio 44788, 44817 (AMES).

Heredia: La Selva, 30 Sept. 1985, J.T. Atwood 85-56 (SEL).

Cartago: El Muneco, south of Navarro, alt. 1400 m, 8 Feb. 1924, P.C. Standley 33885 (AMES); Cachi,

alt. 900 m, 18 Apr. 1938, M. Valerio 2597 (AMES); Sector Rio Guayabo, El Ceibo, alt. 1100 m, 23 May,

1992, G. Rivera & Y. Hoonans 1734 (CR, K), C. Luer illustr. 17269.

San Jose: Parque Nac. Braulio Carrillo, Sendero La Botella, alt. 750 m, 16 Dec. 1990, S. Ingram & K.

Ferrell-lngram 709 (AMES, CR, F, K, MO, SEL). Without locality, ca. 1878, A. Endres 1163 (W).

NICARAGUA: Jinotega: base of Pena Blanca, alt. 3,000 ft. A.H. Heller 7212 (SEL).

Zelaya: new road to Mina Nueva America, 27 Apr. 1978, W.D. Stevens 8368 (MO, SEL).

Chontales: Lake Nicaragua, Volcan Madera, Isla Ometepe, alt 4,050 ft., A. Heller 8294 (SEL).

PANAMA: Chiriqui: La Fortuna hydroelectric project, alt. 1200-1400 m, 21 Mar. 1978, B. Hammel

2132 (MO).

Veraguas: Rio Primero Brazo, northwest of Santa Fe, alt. 700-1200 m, 18 Mar. 1973, T.B. Croat 23161

(MO, SEL); vicinity of the continental divide, northwest of Santa Fe, alt. 650-750 m, 16 Nov. 1974, R.L.

Dressier 4852 (MO); near Santa Fe, collected Sept. 1976, flowered in cultivation 4 Oct. 1976, C. Luer &

R.L. Dressier 1241 (SEL).

Darien: Rio Morti, drill site 7, alt. 250 m, 18 Sept. 1967, J.A. Duke 14191 (MO).

This species is uncommon but widely distributed through Central America. The

first collection known was made by Endres about 1878 from Costa Rica. In 1930, a

collection by Standley and Valerio with immature buds was described by Schwein-

furth (published by Ames and Schweinfurth) as Octomeria valerioi.

Octomeria valerioi is a usually large species characterized by a stout, repent

rhizome with thick, fleshy roots; long ramicauls; long, narrow, acute leaves; and

several simultaneous flowers produced in a fascicle, a habit sometimes approached

in size by Octomeria costaricensis Schltr. The sepals and petals are also similar to

those of sympatric O. costaricensis , but the lip of the former is more erose and often

with a decurved apiculum at the apex. Intermediate variations make the identity of

some collections uncertain.

116

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria ximenae Luer & Hirtz, Selbyana 23(1): 33, 2002.

Ety.: Named for Ximena Leon de Hirtz, wife of Alexander C. Hirtz.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 12 cm

long, enclosed by 5 shredded sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly linear-elliptical, acute, 18 cm

long, 1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into a channeled petiole ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescence a suc¬

cessively flowering fascicle of single flowers with several flowers open simultaneously at the apex of the

ramicaul; peduncles less than 1 mm long; floral bracts imbricating, ribbed, fragmenting, 2-3 mm long;

pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals similar, pale yellow, glabrous, free, overlapping, elliptical,

subacute, 8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals slightly oblique; petals light yellow,

elliptical, subacute, 7 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, suffused with red centrally, gla¬

brous, subquadrate-trilobed, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3.5 mm wide expanded, the lateral lobes propor¬

tionately large on the middle third, erect, antrorse, uncinate, obtuse, the disc shallowly channeled bet¬

ween a pair of calli on the middle third, the anterior lobe subquadrate, broadly truncate, lightly erose, the

base also broadly truncate, hinged to the free tip of the column-foot; column slender, semiterete, 3 mm

long, with the anther apical and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: below Chigiiinda, alt. 1500 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Dec.

2001, A. Hirtz 7864 (Holotype of O. ximenae : MO), C. Luer illustr. 20074.

This species is characterized by long, narrowly linear-elliptical leaves, distinctly

longer than the ramicaul. Flowers are produced successively in a dense fascicle,

with several flowers open simultaneously. The five-veined sepals are elliptical and

subacute. The lip is subquadrate with large, erect, obtuse, uncinate lateral lobes on

the middle third.

Octomeria ximenae differs from O. tridentata Lindl. by the proportionately long

leaves and a lip with broad lateral lobes that occupy the middle third, reducing the

anterior lobe to subquadrate, broader than long.

Octomeria yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr., Vellosia, ed. 2, 1: 122, tab. 837, 1891, as

"Yauaperyensis."

Ety.: Named for Rio Yauapery where the species was collected.

Syn.: Octomeria hondurensis Ames, Bot. Mus. Leafl., 1(4): 1-3, fig. s.n. as p. 2, 1933.

Ety.: Named for Honduras, the country of origin.

Syn.: Octomeria complanata C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 195, 1942.

Ety.: From the Latin complanatus, "flattened," referring to the compressed ramicaul.

Plant small to medium in size for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls stout,

rigid, straight, erect, terete below, slightly compressed above, 6-15 cm long, 3 mm deep, 2 mm wide,

enclosed with 3-4 tubular sheaths as well as another above the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous,

terete, narrowly linear-ovate, acute, 2-8 cm long, 2.5 wide, 2.5 mm thick, very slighty narrowed below

into the sessile base. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively or a few simultaneously in a

fascicle, borne by abbreviated peduncles ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm

long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals yellow, free, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute,

5.5-7 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong-oblique, subacute, 6-7 mm long, 1.5-

2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, elliptical-ovate, acute, 4-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined;

lip yellow, sometimes suffused with red, ovate-trilobed, glabrous, 2-3.5 mm long, 1.5-2.25 mm wide,

with the lateral lobes basal, erect, acutely uncinate, ovate above the base with margins minutely undulate,

broadly rounded at the apex, the disc shallowly concave between a pair of calli on the basal third, the

base broadly truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column white, semiterete, 2 mm long, the

anther and stigma subapical.

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Chichiuahu and Yauapery, tributaries of Rfo Negro, B. Rodrigues. Syntype

lost; lectotype of O. yauaperyensis , here designated, tab. 837, in Velosia, ed. 2, 1: 122, 1881 (reproduced

in vol. 3, tab. 200, fig. A. Sprunger et al., 1996: 258; original illustration in the Library of the Rio de

Janeiro Bot. Gard.); between Manaus and Caracaraf, Campina, 29 Aug. 1979, J.L. Zarucchi 2516 (MO,

NY).

GUYANA: Upper Essequibo River, 2-3 km from Kuyuwini River mouth, alt. 100-200 m, 2 Oct. 1993,

W. T. Henkel et al. 3312 (MO, US).

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: San Carlos de Rfo Negro, alt. 125 m, 17 Apr. 1970, J.A. Steyermark & G.

Bunting 102765 (AMES); above Rfo Gavilan, 29 May 1987, G. Romero 1311 (IUP, K).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

117

ECUADOR: Napo : Rio Jatunjacu, above Shandia, alt. 650 m, 12 Aug. 1991, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 5370

(MO).

Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutucu, between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 17 Jan. 1989, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup & S. Ortega 13967 (MO, SEL).

PERU: Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, alt 100 m, Oct.-Nov. 1929, G. Klug 741 (holotype of O. com-

planata : AMES 69087; isotypes: F 650502, US 1455472); Amazon River near Iquitos, 31 Dec. 1964,

C.H. Dodson 2764 (SEL); between Andoas and Capahuari Sur, alt. 210 m, 13 Sept. 1979, C. Dias & N.

Jaramillo 1361 (F, MO, SMF).

San Martin: south of Nuevo San Martin, alt. 650 m, 16 July 1982, A. Gentry, D. Smith & R. Tredwell

37583 (MO).

HONDURAS: Cortez: El Jaral, Lake Yojoa, alt. 2,000 ft., 29 Oct. 1932, J.B. Edwards 304 (holotype of

O. hondurensis : AMES 39043).

Octomeria yauaperyensis , comparatively uncommon in Central America and

northern South America at low altitudes, is similar to O. scirpoidea Poepp. & Endl.,

with which it is widely sympatric. The ramicaul and leaf of O. yauaperyensis are

thicker and straighter than the thin, more or less bending ramicaul and leaf of O.

scirpoidea. The proportions of the lengths of the leaves to the lengths of the rami-

cauls vary from about one-sixth to one-third. The ramicaul of O. yauaperyensis is

slightly compressed. In both O. scirpoidea and O. yauaperyensis , the sepals and

petals are similar with the petals nearly as large as the sepals. The lobes of the lip

of O. yauaperyensis are distinctly smaller and broader than those of O. scirpoidea.

Octomeria zygoglossa Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek zygoglossa , "a yoke-like tongue," referring to the shape of the lip.

Species haec Octomeriae heleneanae Camevali & Delascio similis, sed sepalis majoribus et labello

cordato lobis basalibus columnam amplectentibus et basi argute deflexo differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, terete, 5-8 cm long,

enclosed by 3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, purple, narrowly elliptical, acute, 3-

5.5 cm long, 5-6 mm wide, cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single flower pro¬

duced successively by a peduncle ca. 1 mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral bracts 2.5 mm long;

pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals purple, glabrous, free, the dorsal sepal elliptical-oblong,

obtuse, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals similar, shortly overlapping at the base, 4 mm

long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals similar to the sepals, elliptical, subacute, 4 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 3-

veined; lip type B, glabrous, cordate-trilobed, with entire margins, 1.6 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, the apex

obtuse, the lobes basal, obtuse, incurved, partially surrounding the column, the disc with the midvein

thickened, the base sharply deflexed 180° against the back of the blade, hinged to the tip of an equally

long column-foot; column semiterete, arching, 1 mm long, with the anther subapical and the stigma

ventral.

COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Vaupes, Cerro Isibukuri, Rio Kananari, altitude not stated, 29 Oct. 1951, R.E.

Schultes & I. Cabrera 14521 (Holotype of O. zygoglossa : AMES, Isotype: COL), C. Luer illustr. 21412.

This species is known only from a collection by Schultes in Amazonian Colom¬

bia. Superficially, it resembles Octomeria heleneana Carnevali & Delascio from

Amazonian Venezuela, but differs by having larger, purple flowers, and a cordate

lip with elongated, incurved, basal angles that embrace the column. The clawlike

base, half as long as the blade, is sharply deflexed against the back of the blade.

Species excluded from Octomeria

Octomeria monetalis Luer = Pleurothallopsis monetalis (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.

Chase.

Octomeria prostrata H.Stenzel = Atopogiossum prostrata (H.Stenzel) Luer, not

Pleurothallis prostrata Lindl.

118

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 3. Octomeria bomboizae

Fig. 4. Octomeria callosa

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

119

120

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

121

Fig. 12. Octomeria deceptrix

Fig. 13. Octomeria dentifera

Fig. 14. Octomeria diaphana

122

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 17. Octomeria gemmula

Fig. 18. Octomeria georgei

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

123

Fig. 20b. Octomeria grandiflora

Fig. 21. Octomeria guentheriana

124

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The drawing of the floral parts were copied from the published sketch.

The floral parts are not in proportion to each other.

The drawing of the plant was made from the published description.

Fig. 23. Octomeria heleneana

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

125

Fig. 28. Octomeria longifolia

Fig. 29. Octomeria marsupialis

126

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 31b. Octomeria minor

Fig. 32. Octomeria mocoana

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

127

Fig. 35. Octomeria nana

Fig. 36. Octomeria napoleon

128

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 39. Octomeria parvifolia

Fig. 40. Octomeria parvula

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

129

130

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 47. Octomeria sarthouae

Fig. 48. Octomeria scirpoidea

Fig. 51. Octomeria splendida

Fig. 52. Octomeria steyermarkii

132

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

133

Fig. 58. Octomeria yauaperyensis

Fig. 59. Octomeria zygoglossa

134

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Acianthera 70.

Arthrosia 70.

Aspegrenia 65, 68, 109.

scirpoidea 68, 108.

Atopoglossum 65.

prostrata 117.

Brachionidium 65.

Chamelophyton 70.

Dendrobium graminifolium 89.

Enothrea 65, 68.

Epidendrum graminifolium 65, 68, 89.

Gigliolia 68.

geraensis 68.

Humboldtia apiculata 89.

Octadesmia 65.

Octandrorchis 68.

leptophylla 68.

Octomeria 65, 66, 68, 70, 71, 74, 109, 111, 112.

Sect. Planifoliae 65, 68.

Sect. Teretifoliae 65, 68.

Octomeria acicularis 65, 71, 76, 77, 118, Fig. 1.

alpina 84.

amazonica 71, 79.

anomala 71, 76, 77, 118, Fig. 2.

apiculata 71, 89.

arcuata 71, 72, 91.

auriculata 71, 79.

baueri 65, 71, 72, 89, 90.

boliviensis 71, 106.

var. grandifolia 71, 73, 104.

bomboizae 71, 75, 78, 118, Fig. 3.

brachypetala 65, 71, 73, 108, 109.

bradei 65.

brevifolia 71, 73, 108, 109.

buchteinii 65, 71, 72, 92.

callosa 71, 76, 78, 118, Fig. 4.

colombiana 65, 71, 75, 79, 119, Fig. 5a., 5b.,

80, 98, 104.

complanata 71, 73, 116.

concolor 67, 71, 74, 79, 119, Fig. 6., 80.

condorensis 65, 71, 75, 79, 119, Fig. 7.

connellii 71, 72, 74, 81, 120, Fig. 8.

cordilabia 71, 76, 81, 120, Fig. 9., 82.

costaricensis 65, 71, 73, 75, 82, 120, Fig. 10a.,

10b., 83, 114, 115.

crassifolia 65.

dalstroemii 71, 75, 83, 121, Fig. 11., 111.

deceptrix 65, 71, 75, 84, 121, Fig. 12.

deltoglossa 72, 86.

dentifera 69, 71, 74, 84, 121, Fig. 13.

diaphana 67, 71, 72, 73, 75, 85, 121, Fig. 14., 86.

erosilabia 71, 72, 96, 97.

exigua 70, 71, 72, 76, 86, 122, Fig. 15., 87, 103.

var. elata 72, 86.

fialhoensis 85.

filifolia 72, 74, 77, 87, 122, Fig. 16.

flaviflora 71, 72, 81.

ffrenchiana 72, 94.

gemmula 72, 74, 88, 122, Fig. 17.

georgei 65, 72, 74, 88, 122, Fig. 18.

Octomeria geraensis 68.

glazioveana 71, 72, 85.

graminifolia Lodd. 72, 89.

graminifolia (L.)R.Br. 65, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74,

89, 123, Fig. 19., 90, 91.

var. ophioglossoides 72, 89.

grandiflora 67, 69, 71, 72, 75, 91, 123, Fig. 20a.,

20b., 92, 93, 94, 105, 110, 114.

var. robusta 72, 73, 110.

var. seegeriana 72, 73, 110.

guentheriana 65, 71, 72, 74, 92, 123, Fig. 21.

harantiana 72, 75, 93, 124, Fig. 22.

heleneana 72, 76, 93, 124, Fig. 23., 95. 117.

hirtzii 67, 72, 74, 94, 124, Fig. 24.

hondurensis 72, 73, 116.

integrilabia 72, 76, 94, 124, Fig. 25., 103.

jauaensis 65, 72, 76, 95, 125, Fig. 26.

kestrochila 72, 86.

lamellaris 72, 101.

lancipetala 70, 72, 76, 95, 125, Fig. 27.

leptophylla 68.

lobulosa 72, 91, 92.

loddigesii 65, 89, 91.

longifolia 65, 71, 72, 73, 74, 93, 96, 125, Fig. 28.,

97.

longirepans 72, 89.

marsupialis 65, 71, 72, 76, 98, 125, Fig. 29.

medinae 72, 75, 98, 98, 126, Fig. 30.

minor 69, 72, 75, 99, 126, Fig. 31a., 31b., 103.

mocoana 65, 69, 72, 74, 75, 99, 126, Fig. 32.

monetalis 117.

monticola 72, 74, 100, 127, Fig. 33.

moscosoae 65, 72, 75, 100, 127, Fig. 34.

multiflora 115.

nana 72, 76, 101, 127, Fig. 35., 103.

napoleon 65, 73, 74, 101, 127, Fig. 36.

nemorosa 68.

odontoglossides 65, 73, 76, 102, 128, Fig. 37., 103.

oncidioides 70, 71, 73, 76, 102, 128, Fig. 38., 103.

parvifolia 70, 73, 76, 103, 128, Fig. 39.

parvula 73, 75, 103, 104, 128, Fig. 40., 105.

peruviana 67, 71, 73, 75, 92, 94, 104, 129, Fig. 41.,

105.

petulans 65,73,113,115.

portillae 73, 75, 105, 129, Fig. 42.

prostrata 117.

pusilla 65,

pygmaea 73, 74, 105, 129, Fig. 43., 106.

recchiana 71, 73, 85, 86.

rhizomatosa 72, 73, 96, 97.

robusta Barb.Rodr. 67, 68, 73, 110.

robusta Rchb.f. & Warm. 67, 71, 73, 75, 85, 92, 106,

129, Fig. 44., 110.

romerorum 73, 76, 106, 107, 130, Fig. 45.

rotundata 70, 73, 76, 107, 130, Fig. 46.

ruthiana 73, 110.

sarthouae 73, 76, 107, 130, Fig. 47., 108.

schultesii 72, 73, 96.

scirpoidea 67, 68, 71, 73, 74, 108, 130, Fig. 48., 109,

117.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

135

Octomeria seegeriana 65, 67, 68, 73, 74, 92,

110, 131, Fig. 49.

semiconnata 73, 75, 83, 111, 131, Fig. 50.

serpens 65, 72, 73, 89.

spathulata 84.

splendida 70, 71, 73, 76, 98, 108, 111, 131,

Fig. 51.

steyermarkii 65, 73, 76, 112, 131, Fig. 52.

surinamensis 73, 92, 113, 114.

tapiricataractii 73, 76, 112, 132, Fig. 53.

taracuana 65, 73, 74, 112, 132, Fig. 54.

tenuis 65, 73, 108, 109.

tridentata 67, 73, 75, 83, 92, 93, 102, 113, 132,

Fig. 55a., 55b., 114, 115, 116.

truncata 72, 73, 91.

valerioi 73, 74, 75, 115, 133, Fig. 56.

ventii 71, 73, 82, 114.

Octomeria xanthina 65, 73, 113, 114.

ximenae 73, 74, 116, 133, Fig. 57.

yauaperyensis 65, 67, 71, 72, 73, 74,

116, 133, Fig. 58., 117.

zygoglossa 65, 73, 76, 117, 133, Fig. 59.

Odontoglossum 102.

atropurpureum 102.

Pleurothallopsis 65, 68, 70.

monetalis 117.

Pleurothallis 68.

apiculata 72, 73, 89.

prostrata 117.

Restrepia 70, 85.

Scaphosepalum 70.

Stelis 66.

Zootrophion 70.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

137

ADDENDA

MISCELLANEOUS NEW SPECIES, NEW NAME, AND NEW COMBINATIONS

New species:

Brachionidium carmeniae Luer

Brachionidium inkaterrense Luer & C.Soto

Lepanthes clementinensis Luer & Cornejo

Lepanthes cornejoi Luer

Lepanthes ephalmatrix Luer & Hollowell

Lepanthes sorayae Luer & Cornejo

Lepanthes stewartiorum Thoerle & Luer

Masdevallia gentianoides Luer & J.Leathers

Masdevallia gerhardii Luer & Sijm

Masdevallia lophina Luer & Sijm

Masdevallia oversteegeniana Luer & Sijm

Masdevallia singeri Luer & Sijm

Octomeria corrigiosa Luer & Toscano

Octomeria fusiformis Luer & Toscano

Octomeria tweediei Luer & Toscano

Platystele cornejoi Luer

Platystele speckmaieri Luer & Sijm

Pleurothallopsis rinkei Luer

Porroglossum gerritsenianum Luer &

R.Parsons

Porroglossum oversteegenianum Luer &

Sijm

New name:

Stelis ephalmatrix Luer & Hollowell

New combinations:

Luzama chaucana (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Niphantha gelida (Lindl.) Luer

Niphantha pidax (Luer) Luer

Pleurothallopsis niesseniae (Luer) Luer

Brachionidium carmeniae Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Carmen Soto, Coordinadora de Programas Ecologicos en Inkaterra, Machu Picchu.

Species haec Brachionidio tuberculato Lindl. affinis, sed foliis carinatis laceratis ad apicem cum

apiculo decurvo differt.

Plant small to medium in size, terrestrial, suberect, up to 10 cm or more tall, the rhizome stout,

2-3 mm thick, 5-10 mm long between ramicauls, enclosed by 3 tubular, mucronate, scurfy sheaths;

roots coarse, from near the base. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-4 mm long, enclosed by 1-2 similar,

tubular, scurfy sheaths. Leaf more or less spreading, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse with a decurved

apiculum, the blade 10-13 mm long, contracted below into a petiole ca. 1 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, 5-

veined, the veins crested and lacerate. Inflorescence a solitary, non-resupinate flower borne by a

slender, erect peduncle ca. 15 mm long, with a bract near the middle, from the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bract inflated, acute, 4 mm long, enclosing the pedicel and ovary; pedicel 1 mm long, with a

filament ca. 3 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals translucent, glabrous, strongly marked with red-

purple along the veins, the middle sepal ovate, acute, acuminate, 11 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 3-veined,

the lateral sepals completely connate into an ovate, acute, acuminate synsepal, 13 mm long, 7 mm

wide, 4-veined; petals translucent, strongly marked with red-purple as the sepals, glabrous, ovate,

oblique, acute, acuminate, 11 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; lip purple, transversely triangular,

obtuse, 1.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the lateral angles acute, incurved, the margins thickened, the disc

with a rounded, microscopically pubescent callus; column stout, 1 mm long; pollinia 8.

PERU: Cusco: Machu Picchu, Quebrada Alccamayo, terrestrial in loose sphagnum moss, alt. 3,000-

3,200 m, collected by E. Quispe, R. Ojeda, J. Gutierrez & B. Arenas, flowered in cultivation by

Inkaterra, Oct. 2009, Carmen Soto 5 (Holotype of B. carmeniae : USM), C. Luer illustr. 21496.

Brachionidium carmeniae is apparently endemic in the region around Machu

Picchu, where it grows terrestrially in loose sphagnum moss at a high altitude.

Brachionidium carmeniae is distinguished by scurfy, cauline sheaths; small, more

or less spreading, elliptical leaves with the veins and margins markedly lacerate;

translucent ovate, acute and acuminate sepals and petals boldly marked with red-

purple along the veins and margins; and a transverse, obtuse lip with thick mar¬

gins and a solitary, round callus.

138 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Brachionidium inkaterrense Luer & C.Soto, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for the Inkaterrae Garden where this species is cultivated.

Species haec Brachionidio eleganti Luer & Hirtz affinis, sed foliis minute sparsim asperatis, peta-

lis dense ciliatis et labelli lobis oblique uncinatis differt.

Plant small to medium in size, terrestrial, suberect, up to 10 cm or more tall, the rhizome stout,

2-3 mm thick, 5-10 mm long between ramicauls, enclosed by 3 tubular, mucronate, scurfy sheaths;

roots coarse, from near the base. Ramicauls slender, erect, ca. 10 mm long, enclosed by 2 similar,

tubular, scurfy sheaths. Leaf more or less spreading, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, the apex obtuse

with a decurved apiculum, the blade 18-20 mm long, contracted below into a petiole ca. 1 mm long,

11-13 mm wide, 7-veined, the veins minutely spiculate. Inflorescence a solitary, non-resupinate

flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 10-15 mm long, with a bract near the middle, from the apex

of the ramicaul; floral bract inflated, acute, 3-5 mm long, enclosing the pedicel and ovary; pedicel 1

mm long, with a filament 3-4 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals translucent, glabrous, strongly

marked with red-purple along the veins, the middle sepal ovate, acute, acuminate, 12 mm long, 5.5

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals completely connate into an ovate, acute, acuminate synsepal, 14

mm long, 8 mm wide, 4-veined; petals translucent, strongly marked with red-purple as the sepals,

densely short-ciliate, narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, acuminate, 12 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined;

lip purple, transversely subtriangular, obtuse, 2 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral angles oblique,

uncinate, acute, incurved, the margins smooth, the disc with an elevated, rounded, microscopically

pubescent callus; column stout, 1 mm long; pollinia 8.

PERU: Cusco: Machu Picchu, Quebrada Alccamayo, terrestrial in loose, sphagnum moss, alt. 3,000-

3,200 m, collected by E. Quispe, R. Ojeda & J. Gutierrez, flowered in cultivation by Inkaterra, Oct.

2009, Carmen Soto 6 (Holotype of B. inkaterrense : USM), C. Luer illustr. 21497.

Brachionidium inkaterrense , apparently endemic in the region of Machu

Picchu, grows terrestrially in loose, sphagnum moss at a high altitude. It is dis¬

tinguished by scurfy, cauline sheaths; elliptical-oblong, obtuse, spreading leaves

that are sparsely and minutely spiculate, especially along the veins; ovate, acu¬

minate sepals and petals, with the petals densely short-ciliate; and with a central,

elevated, round callus of the lip, with lateral angles that are oblique with acute,

shortly acuminate tips.

Lepanthes clementinensis Luer & Cornejo, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Hacienda Clementina in the western lowlands where the species was collected.

Planta parva, inflorescentia racemo congesto folio ovato breviore, sepalis ovatis breviter acumina-

tis, petalis transverse bilobis lobis ad apicem rotundis lobo superiore oblongo lobo inferiore minore

triangulare, labelli laminis ellipticis connectivis cuneatis appendice crassa transverse bipartida et

columna proportione grande clavellata distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, roots and rhizome unknown. Ramicauls slender, erect, 6.5 cm long,

enclosed by 10 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ovate, subacute, 3.5 cm long, 2

cm wide, the round base abruptly contracted into a petiole 2 mm long. Inflorescence 2-3 congested,

successively flowered racemes up to 7 mm long, borne by a slender peduncle 10-15 mm long behind

the leaf; floral bracts 1.5 mm long, long-ciliate along the midvein; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.75

mm long; sepals color unknown, the sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, shortly acuminate, 2 mm long, 1.5

mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.25 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, diverging,

connate 0.5 mm; petals transversely bilobed, minutely pubescent, 0.75 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the

upper lobe oblong with rounded apex, 1.25 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the lower lobe smaller, triangu¬

lar with rounded apex, 0.5 mm long; lip bilaminate, glabrous, the lobes elliptical, with narrowly

obtuse ends, 1 mm long, the connectives cuneate, the body narrow, filled with a thick, transversely

cleft, microscopically pubescent appendix, the body connate to the base of the column; column propor¬

tionately large, clavate, 1.5 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Los Rios: Hacienda Clementina, humid forest, alt. 600 m, 25 May 2002, B. Stahl & X.

Cornejo 5917 (Holotype of L. clementinensis: MO; Isotype: GUAY), C. Luer illustr. 21515.

This species, from lowland northwestern Ecuador, is described with one,

poorly preserved flower, so details of the lip may not be accurate. The plant is

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

139

characterized by a small habit; a congested raceme shorter than the ovate leaf;

shortly acuminate broadly ovate sepals; large, transverse petals; and a minute lip

with elliptical blades with cuneate connectives. The appendix is thick, transversely

cleft, filling the obtuse sinus.

Lepanthes cornejoi Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Xavier Cornejo, botanist at GUAY, who collected this species.

Planta parva, inflorescentia racemo congesto folio anguste ovato breviore, sepalo dorsale profunde

cucullato breviter caudato, sepalis lateralibus longicaudatis, petalis transverse bilobis ciliatis-pubescen-

tibus, labelli lobis subquadratis laminis ellipticis infra apicem marginalibus, connectivis latissimis,

appendice minuta ovoidea, et ovario longissimo distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5.5 cm

long, enclosed by 7-8 lepanthiform sheaths with ciliated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ovate,

acute, 3.5-4 cm long, 5-8 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1-2 mm long. Inflorescence a

congested, successively flowered raceme up to 10 mm long, borne by a slender peduncle 20-30 mm

long including the raceme, along the front of the leaf; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 2.5 mm long;

ovary 5 mm long; sepals color unknown, the dorsal sepal ovoid, deeply cucullate, broadly ovate

expanded, 4 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the obtuse apex

contracted into a tail 1.5 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, contracted into a slender tail near

the middle, 6 mm long including the tail, 2 mm wide, the blade longitudinally concave, connate to each

other 0.5 mm; petals transversely bilobed, 0.8 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, ciliate-pubescent, the lobes

opposite, the upper lobe ovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the lower lobe narrowly oblong, 2

mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip bilobed, the lobes subquadrate with incomplete laminae below the apex,

with rounded ends, 2 mm long, the connectives broad, rectangular, the body broad with a small, ovoid

appendix in the sinus, the body connate above the base of the column; column slender, clavate, 1 mm

long, the anther and the stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Los Rios: Hacienda Clementina, Cerro Samana, humid forest, alt. 600 m, 4 April 1996,

X. Cornejo, C. Cornejo & C. Bomifaz 4929 (Holotype of L. cornejoi : MO; Isotypes: GUAY, QCNE),

C. Luer illustr. 21507.

This species from lowland northwestern Ecuador is characterized by a small

habit; a congested raceme shorter than the narrowly ovate leaf; a large, cucullate

dorsal sepal that is short-tailed, and lateral sepals with slender tails in apposition

about as long as the blade; petals bilobed and pubescent; a lip with subquadrate

lobes, broad connectives, and small, ovoid appendix in the sinus; and a propor¬

tionately long ovary.

Lepanthes ephalmatrix Luer & Hollowed, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek ephalmatrix, "a tumbler, or dancer," alluding to the shape of the flower.

Planta parvula erecta folio ovato, racemo paucifloro, flore illi Lepanthidis orchestris Luer &

Vasquez similis, sed duplo minore differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-4 cm long, enclosed

by 5-7 thin, pale, ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths with dilated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused with

purple beneath, ovate, subacute, 2-3 cm long, 1.5-1.9 cm wide, the rounded base contracted into a pe¬

tiole 1-2 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively few-flowered raceme up to 8

mm long, borne on top of the leaf by a filiform peduncle 5-10 mm long; floral bracts oblique, 1 mm

long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals dull rose, ovate, acute, acuminate, carinate,

minutely denticulate, the dorsal sepal 4.25 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5

mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate 1 mm, long-acuminate, the taillike

apices diverging; petals purple with yellow margins, minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.5

mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong, subtruncate, the lower lobe smaller, triangular, ob¬

tuse; lip purple, bilaminate, the laminae microscopically ciliate-pubescent, oblong-sublunate, with the

ends obtuse, 1.6 mm long, the connectives short, thick, from the middle of the lamina, connate to the

base of the column, the sinus broad with the appendix small, oblong, ciliate; column 1 mm long, the

anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

140

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Napo: epiphytic in cloud forest, Guacamayo Range, alt. 1950 m, 13 Apr. 1985, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11248 (Holotype of L. ephalmatrix : MO); same area, 18 Nov. 1984 A.

Hirtz 2099 (MO); east slopes of Volcan Reventador, alt. 1850 m, 11 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11778 (MO).

This species occurs locally in the wet forests on the eastern slopes of the

Andes of northern Ecuador, where it has been discovered several times in recent

years. Because of the similarity of the flower to that of Bolivian Lepanthes

orchestris Luer & R.Vasquez, this species was treated as L. orchestris in the

Lepanthes of Ecuador, leones Pleurothallidinarum XIV, 1996. When the species

of Lepanthes of Bolivia were reviewed for the Lepanthes of Bolivia, it became

apparent that the Ecuadorian collections were distinguished by a smaller habit;

erect, ovate leaves, instead of pendent; and twice smaller flowers, in spite of their

morphological similarity. The Ecuadorian species is hereby recognized as Lep¬

anthes ephalmatrix.

Lepanthes sorayae Luer & Cornejo, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Soraya Delgado, biologist and conservationist, Great Wilderness Foundation,

Esmeraldas.

Planta parva inflorescentia folio circulari marginibus irregulater undulatis breviore, sepalis obtusis

breviter pubescentibus, petalis transverse bilobis suboblongis superiore quam inferiore bis longioribus,

labello bilamallato, appendice destructa.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots and rhizome unknown. Ramicauls slender, erect, at least

17 mm long, enclosed by at least 6 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coria¬

ceous, circular, 12 mm long, 10 mm wide, the roubded base contracted into a petiole less than 1 mm

long. Inflorescence a congested, successively flowered raceme, borne on top of the leaf by a slender

peduncle ca. 5 mm long, floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals

yellow, shortly ciliate-pubescent, the dorsal sepal broadly elliptical-ovate, obtuse, 1.8 mm long, 1.8

mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute,

shortly acuminate, 1.8 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 0.5 mm; petals transversely bi-

lobed, 0.4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lobes opposite, subovate-oblong, the upper lobe twice longer

than the lower lobe; lip rose colored, bilaminate, the blades obovate, ca. 0.3 mm long, the connectives

and body disintegrated in the single flower.

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: Reserva Cotacachi-Cayapas, Rio Tigre, humid forest, alt. 500 m, 13 Sept.

1998, X. Cornejo & C. Bonifaz 6533 (Holotype of L sorayae: MO; Isotype: GUAY), C. Luer illustr.

21510.

The only flower of this species from lowland northwestern Ecuador is very

poorly preserved. The distinctive, little, round leaf, with an irregularly undulat¬

ing border, is about one centimeter long and wide. No raceme is present, but the

peduncle is about half the length of the leaf. The minute sepals are ciliate-pubes¬

cent, the petals are transversely bilobed, and the blades of the minute, bilaminate

lip are obovate. Nothing more can be said, because the rest of the lip is more or

less dissolved.

Lepanthes stewartiorum Thoerle & Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Stewart of Stow, Massachusetts, who purchased this

species fromParkside Nursery.

Species haec Lepanthidis gargantuae Rchb.f. affinis, sed petalorum lobis superioribus transverse

ovatis marginibus irregulariter incrassatis minutissime cavemosis seriatis distinguitur.

Plant large, robust, presumably epiphytic, rhizome and roots unknown. Ramicauls erect, stout,

more or less 30 cm long, enclosed by 14 microscopically scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, oblong, subacute, acuminate, 12 cm long, 4 cm wide, the broadly cuneate below into a

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

141

petiole ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescence racemose, 1-2 simultaneous, congested, distichous, successively

many-flowered racemes 2-4 cm long, borne behind the leaf by slender peduncles 2.5-5 cm long; floral

bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, broadly

ovate, obtuse, shortly caudate, entire, the dorsal sepal 4.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate to the lateral

sepals for 3 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 4.5 mm long, each 3.5 mm wide, connate 2.5 mm; petals

yellow with dark red upper margin, glabrous, transversely bilobed, 1.5 mm long at the middle, 3.5

mm wide, obtusely angled between the lobes, the upper lobe transversely ovate, obliquely and broadly

truncate at the apex, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the upper margin thickened with a row of multiple

microscopic cavities, the lower lobe subpyriform, 2 mm long, 1.25 mm wide; lip yellow with red

margins, glabrous, bilaminate, the blades narrowly oblong, convex, with extremities slightly in¬

curved, acute, 2 mm long, the connectives short, broadly cuneate, forming a broad body, connate to

the base of the column, the sinus obtuse with a minute, bilobed, minutely ciliate appendix; column

stout, 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: without collection data, purchased from Ecuagenera by Parkside Nursery, No. 151, July

2003, purchased from Parkside Nursery by Bob & Dee Stewart, June 2009, flowered in cultivation

July 2009, at Little Compton, RI. by Lisa Thoerle 145 (Holotype of L stewartiorum : MO), C. Luer

illustr. 21465.

This robust species from somewhere in Ecuador is superficially similar to

Lepanthes gargantua Rchb.f., but with slightly smaller flowers, and a strange,

unique pair of petals. The obliquely truncate margins of the upper lobes of the

yellow petals are dark red and thickened. The lower edge of the marginal thicken¬

ing is minutely scalloped, as a row of minute concavities.

Masdevallia gentianoides Luer & J.Leathers, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for a similarity of the purple, tubular flowers of Gentiana L.

Species haec Masdevalliae ventriculariae Rchb.f. affinis, sed flore majori, sepalis crassisimis,

petalis edentatis et labelli lateribus plicatis differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots thick, fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-2 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 11 cm long including the petiole

2 cm long, the blade elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 1.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores¬

cence a solitary, tubular flower borne by a relatively stout, erect to suberect peduncle 6.5 cm long,

with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 12 mm long; pedicel 10 mm long,

ovary 5-7 mm long; sepals fleshy, rigid, dark purple, lighter purple at base, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

oblong, 24 mm long, 11 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 20 mm to create a cylin¬

drical, ventricose sepaline tube, constricted above the middle, the free portion triangular, the apex

obtuse, abruptly contracted into a slender, dull yellowish tail 30 mm long, the lateral sepals 24 mm

long, connate 20 mm into an abruptly concave synsepal, 3-5 mm deep, the synsepal 15 mm wide

unexpanded, the free portions triangular, acute, reflexed, contracted into tails 25 mm long; petals

suboblong, acute, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in an

obtuse angle above the base; lip oblong, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, with plicate margins beginning near

the middle and continuing forward as low, thickened calli, the apex obtuse with microscopically erose

margins, the base truncate to subcordate, hinged beneath; column semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot

thick, equally long with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: without collection data, obtained by Colomborqufdeas from Rodrigo Escobar 335A many

years ago, obtained by J. Leathers from Colomborquideas in 2008, flowered in cultivation Sept. 2009,

J. Leathers s.n. (Holotype of M. gentianoides : MO); C. Luer illustr. 21474.

More closely related to Masdevallia ventricularia Rchb.f., but more closely

resembling a purple-flowered M. constricta Poepp. & Endl., this species of sub¬

section Saltatrices is characterized by a dark purple, ventricose sepaline tube that

is ventricose below the middle and constricted above the middle before terminat¬

ing with a broadly rounded ostium with deflexed tails of the lateral sepals. The

petals are acute with the marginal callus ending in an obtuse angle at the base.

The lip is oblong with marginal folds that are found in only M. os-draconis Luer

& R.Escobar and the hybrid M. ligiae Luer & R.Escobar among all the members

of subsection Saltatrices.

142

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Masdevallia gerhardii Luer & Sijm, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Gerhard Vierling, of Neckargemund, Germany, in whose collection this species

was found.

Species haec Masdevalliae laevis Lindl. affinis, sed sepalis glabris albis roseosuffusis, lateralium

ad juncturam mentosibus et labello oblongo ad apicem concavo differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 3 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 7-10 cm long including the petiole 3-4

cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1-1.3 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

solitary flower borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle 10-11 cm long, with a bract above the

base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 10 mm long; pedicel 12-15 mm long, ovary 5 mm long;

sepals white, suffused with rose, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, 15 mm long, 7 mm wide expand¬

ed, connate to the lateral sepals for 11 mm to create a campanulate sepaline tube, the free portion

ovate, the apex rounded to obtuse, abruptly contracted into a slender tail 4 cm long, the lateral sepals

ovate, 14 mm long, 7-8 mm wide, connate 10 mm into bifid, concave synsepal, with a small, conical

mentum at their junction, the apices subacute, each contracted into a tail 4.5 cm long; petals oblong,

5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex obliquely truncate and tridenticulate, the labellar margin with a

longitudinal callus ending in an acute process protruding beyond the base; lip oblong, 5 mm long, 2.25

mm wide, the distal quarter concave, broadly rounded or truncate at the apex, with a minute midline

callus, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long

with a slender, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: flowered in cultivation in Venhuizen, Holland, Aug. 2009, by

A.P. Sijm 290814 (Holotype of M. gerhardii’. MO); C. Luer illustr. 21473.

Masdevallia gerhardii (subsect. Masdevallia) from the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia is related to other species of Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. that inhabit that

area, e.g., M. laevis Lindl., but is distinguished from them by the white, rose-

suffused flowers, and a peculiar, small, conical mentum at the junction between

the lateral sepals. The concave apex of the lip is also unique in these species.

Masdevallia lophina Luer & Sijm, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek lophinus, "with a cock's comb," referring to the callus at the tip of the lip.

Inter species Masdevalliae subsect. Caudatae H.J.Veitch habitu mediocre, sepalis antrorsis subob-

longis longicaudatis lateralibus in mentum connatis, et labello antice infra apicem constricto cresta-

toque differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-2.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-obovate, obtuse to rounded at the

tip, petiolate, 6.5 cm long including the petiole, 1.7 cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole 1.5 cm

long. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a suberect, slender peduncle 7 cm long, with a bract

below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 0.8 cm long; 1.7 cm long; ovary 5-6

mm long; sepals pale dull yellow, minutely flecked with brown or dull purple, glabrous, the dorsal

sepal obovate-oblong, concave, 14 mm long, 12 mm wide unexpanded, 3-veined, with the apex ob¬

tuse, contracted into a slender, forwardly directed, dull purplish tail 2.5 cm long, connate to the lateral

sepals for 4 mm to form a shallow sepaline cup, the lateral sepals elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 13 mm

long, 6 mm wide, 3-veined, with the tip contracted into a descending tail similar to that of the dorsal

sepal, connate to each other less than 1 mm below a conspicuous mentum formed by the bases of the

lateral sepals; petals suboblong, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex oblique, bidentate, the labellar

margin with a longitudinal callus terminating in a thick, obtuse process above and beyond the base; lip

rose colored, thin, erect, ovate, 5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, constricted less than 1 mm below the tip

to form a transverse lobule with rounded corners, with an erect, midline lamella with an irregular, an¬

terior margin, the disc featureless below a thickening of the basal quarter, the base broadly subtruncate

to indistinctly bilobed, narrowly hinged beneath; column light rose, semiterete, longitudinally winged,

4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm thick, the foot with a slender, incurved extension 2 mm long.

PERU: Amazonas: San Carlos, flowered in cultivation in Venhuizen, Holland, Nov. 2009, by T. Sijm

29130 (Holotype of M. lophina : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21506.

Known only from the original collection, this species with incompletely spread¬

ing sepals and a deep mentum is similar to several others, such as the Colombian

Masdevallia arminii Linden & Rchb.f. of subsection Caudatae. It is distinguished

by pale yellow, forwardly directed, long-caudate sepals; not distinctly unusual

petals for the subsection; and a lip with a constriction near the tip that forms a

small transverse lobule with an erect, central crest.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

143

Masdevallia oversteegeniana Luer & Sijm, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named in honor of the late Pieter Oversteegen, of Eindhoven, Holland, editor and publisher

of the series "Orchids in Color."

Species haec Masdevalliae ampullaceae Luer & Andreetta affinis, sed pedunculo erecto longiore,

sepalorum caudis brevioribus, et sepalis intus brevissime pubescentibus differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-3 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 10-15 cm long including

the petiole 3-4 cm long, the blade elliptical, acute to subacute, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, the base cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary, suberect flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle to

9 or more cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular 12 mm

long; pedicel 20 mm long; ovary 5-8 mm long; sepals yellow-orange, glabrous externally, microscopi¬

cally pubescent within toward the apices, the dorsal sepal oblong, broadly obtuse to rounded at the

apex, 25 mm long, 10 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 23 mm into a cylindrical, ventricose

tube, the free portion broadly ovate, contracted abruptly into a broad, erect to recurved tail 15 mm

long, the lateral sepals 25 mm long, connate 22-23 mm into an oblong, shallowly ventricose lamina ca.

10 mm wide, 13 mm wide at the ostium, the free portions ovate, oblique, the obtuse apices produced

into broad tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals yellow-orange, oblong, 7.5 mm long, 3 mm

wide, the obtuse apex more or less twisted, the labellar half thick with a longitudinal callus ending in a

broad, obtuse angle at the base; lip oblong, rounded at the tip, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, with

broadly rounded, lateral angles above the middle, the base truncate, hinged beneath; column white,

semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long with a very short, incurved extension.

PERU: San Martin: Moyobamba, flowered in cultivation, Nov. 2009, by T. Sijm 290925 (Holotype

of M. oversteegeniana : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21486.

This species of Masdevallia subsection Saltatrices is related to the relatively

frequent Masdevallia ampullacea Luer & Andreetta of southern Ecuador. It diff¬

ers from the latter with longer, erect peduncles that bear the flower above the

leaves. The flowers are similar in size and also orange in color, but the tube is

longer, because the free portions of the sepals are shorter. Instead of conspicu¬

ous, the internal pubescence is microscopic. The petals are similar, but the

margins of the lip possess only indistinct, short, rounded lobes above the middle,

instead of acute angles below the middle.

Masdevallia singeri Luer & Sijm, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Benjamin Erik Singer of Wijdenes, Holland, life-long contributor to the study of

orchids.

Species haec Masdevalliae prodigiosae Koniger affinis, sed flore minore, sepalis latioribus non

profunde connatis, et labelli antice leviter concavo differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, to 2 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, petiolate, 7 cm long including the

petiole, 3 cm wide, the base cuneate below into the petiole 2 cm long; Inflorescence a solitary flower

borne by a suberect, slender peduncle 2 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul;

floral bract tubular, 1 cm long; pedicel 1 cm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals pale yellow-orange, suf¬

fused with rose, glabrous, the dorsal sepal subcircular, concave into a semiorbicular blade, 15 mm

long, 10 mm wide unexpanded, 5-veined, with the apical margin round, abruptly produced into a

slender, suberect, yellowish tail 17 mm long, connate to the lateral sepals for 4 mm to form a gaping

sepaline cup, the lateral sepals elliptical, obtuse, each 11 mm long, 7 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 4

mm, deflexed beyond the tube, the apex acuminate into a slender, descending tail similar to that of the

dorsal sepal; petals suboblong-triangular, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide at the base, the apex oblique, biden-

tate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus terminating in a thick, obtuse process above the

base; lip white, thin, erect, ovate, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, slightly narrowed above the middle with

minutely erose margins, the apex rounded, shallowly concave, with a small, midline callus, the disc

featureless, the base broadly subtruncate to rounded, narrowly hinged beneath; column light rose,

semiterete, longitudinally winged, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm thick, the foot thick, 2 mm long, with an

incurved extension 1 mm long.

PERU: Amazonas: San Carlos, flowered in cultivation in Venhuizen, Holland, Nov. 2009, by T. Sijm

29115 (Holotype of M. singeri : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21505.

144

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species, related to Masdevallia prodigiosa Koniger of subsection Cauda-

tae, is also found in Amazonian Peru. Although vegetatively inseparable, it diff¬

ers from the latter with smaller, less colorful flowers borne by suberect peduncles.

The rounded dorsal sepal is concave, the elliptical lateral sepals are spreading and

free above the middle, and the much shorter tails are not reflexed.

Octomeria corrigiosa Luer & Toscano, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin corrigia, "a shoelace," hence, corrigiosa, with shoe-laces.

Species haec Octomeriae tridentatae Lindl. affinis, sed foliis linearibus multo angustioribus, cauli-

bus gracillimis, sepalis trinervis, labelli lobis lateralibus grandis latissimis lobo antico quadrato differt.

Plant medium in size, presumably epiphytic, densely caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls very

slender, erect, terete, 8-10 cm long, enclosed by 5-6 deciduous, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

narrowly linear, acute, 17-18 cm long, 0.5 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the base. Inflores¬

cence at least a single flower, produced by a peduncle ca. 1 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts 3 mm long; pedicels 3.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; flowers without color notes; sepals free,

glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly obovate, acute, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

oblong, acute, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals elliptical, acute, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-

veined; lip glabrous, suboblong-trilobed, 5 mm long, 6 mm wide expanded, the lateral lobes on basal

half, erect, large, uncinate, antrorse, round at the tip, the apical lobe quadrate, truncate, the disc with a

converging pair of calli above the middle, with a thickened, midline vein above the base, the base trun¬

cate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther

subapical, the stigma ventral.

BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Munic. Santa Barbara, Cara9a, alt. 1500 m, 22 July 1940, Mulford & Racine

Foster 700 (Holotype of Octomeria corrigiosa : AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21417.

This tall, spindly species from Minas Geraes is known only from a collection

cultivated by Mulford and Racine Foster in the mid-twentieth century. It is charac¬

terized by a densely caespitose, very slender ramicauls that bear narrowly linear

leaves to 18 centimeters long. The sepals and petals are three-veined. The broad,

antrorse, lateral lobes of the lip are similar to those of Octomeria tridentata Lindl.,

but the anterior lobe is quadrate with the pair of calli above the middle.

Octomeria fusiformis Luer & Toscano, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin fusiform, "spindle-shaped," referring to the shape of the leaves.

Planta mediocris caespitosa, racemo congesto folio fusiformi multibreviore, sepalis glabrous, ellip-

ticis, lateralibus liberis, petalis ovatis acutis, labello oblongo-trilobo lobis lateralibus rotundis infra

medium, lobo antico ovato truncato, disco tricalloso distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, lithophytic, caespitose, roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect, terete, stout, 0.5 cm

thick above, 3.5-5 mm long, enclosed by 3-4 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous,

rigidly fusiform, acute, 4-5 cm long, 0.9-1 cm mm wide, 0.8 cm deep, the base sessile. Inflorescence

a congested, simultaneously several-flowered fascicle of single flowers, borne by peduncles less tham

1 mm long, from the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 4 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 2.5

mm long; sepals yellow, suffused with red, glabrous, free, elliptical, acute, the dorsal sepal 7-8 mm

long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals slightly oblique, 6.5-7.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined;

petals colored similarly, ovate, acute, 6.75 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow with a

central, purple spot, oblong-trilobed, glabrous, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes erect,

rounded, below the middle, the middle lobe ovate, truncate, with minutely irregular margins, the disc

with a pair of parallel calli on the middle third, and a single callus centrally above the middle; the base

truncate hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, wingless, 2 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long,

the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

BRAZIL: Bahia: Munic. Rio de Contas, Pico das Almas, on rocks, alt. ca. 1800 m, collected by E.C.

Smidt s.n., flowered in cultivation, 2 Feb, 2002, by A. Toscano de Brito 2396 (Holotype of O. fusi¬

formis: HUEFS); C. Luer illustr. 21349.

Vegetatively, this species from Bahia is similar to the thickly terete, rupicolous

species of Acianthera Scheidw. that grow in exposed, rocky habitats. The leaves

are fusiform, about one centimeter broad and thick. Toward the leaf, the ramicaul

is about a half centimeter broad and thick. Flowers are produced in a dense fasci-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

145

cle with peduncles less than one millimeter long. The sepals are elliptical while

the petals are more ovate and acute. The lateral lobes of the lip are erect and

rounded, while the anterior lobe is ovate and truncate.

Octomeria tweediei Luer & Toscano, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for John Tweedie, 1775-1862, Scottsman, landscape gardener and botanist, and immi¬

grant to Brazil, who collected this species.

Species haec Octomeriae grandiflorae Lindl. affinis, sed floribus minoribus et labelli lobis laterali-

bus multo minoribus differt.

Plant large, presumably epiphytic, caespitose to very shortly repent, the rhizome thick, roots

slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, terete, 10-15 cm long, enclosed by 3-4 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly ovate, acute, 10-18 cm long, 1.4-1.8 cm wide in the dry state, cuneate below

into a sessile base. Inflorescence at least a single flower, produced by a peduncle ca. 1 mm long, at

the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 3-4 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals

free, glabrous, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, narrowly obtuse, 7 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 3-veined,

the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, obtuse, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals elliptical-ovate,

narrowly obtuse, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip glabrous, subobovate-trilobed, 3.5 mm long,

2.25 mm wide expanded, the lateral lobes on basal quarter, erect, proportionately small, uncinate,

antrorse, the apical lobe obovate, truncate, more or less tridentate, with more or less obtusely angled

margins, the disc broadly channeled between a pair of calli descending from the lateral lobes, the

midvein slightly thickened toward the apex, the base narrowly truncate, hinged to the tip of the col¬

umn-foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with the tip free, the anther subapical,

the stigma ventral.

BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: without specific locality, collected by J. Tweedie s.n. (Holotype of Octo¬

meria tweediei : K). C. Luer illustr. 19166.

This rather large species is known from a single collection by Tweedie in the

mid-nineteenth century. In the distant past, the collection at K had been annotated

"Octomeria baueri," a synonym of Octomeria graminifolia (L.) R.Br., a smaller

repent species. Octomeria tweediei is characterized by a very shortly repent, or

caespitose habit; stout ramicauls; a narrowly ovate leaf similar to that of Octomer¬

ia crassifolia Lindl.; three-veined sepals and petals not remarkably different from

many other Brazilian species of Octomeria ; and a type A lip with a pair of small,

erect, uncinate, antrorse lateral lobes that are much smaller than those of either O.

grandiflora Lindl. or O. tridentata Lindl., both of which have a 5-veined dorsal

sepal.

Platystele cornejoi Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Xavier Cornejo of the University of Guayaquil, Ecuador, collector of this species.

Species haec Platystelis ovatilabiae (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Garay, persimilis, sed planta multimi-

nore et omnibus partibus floralibus minoribus differt.

Plant minute, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4 mm long, en¬

closed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 7-12 mm long,

3.5-5 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole 1-1.5 mm long. Inflorescence 1-2 loose,

successively subflexuous racemes, to 4 cm long, including a capillary peduncle ca. 15 mm long, with a

few distant bracts, from low on a ramicaul; floral bracts 0.5 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary

0.75 mm long; sepals widely expanded, free, translucent light yellow-green, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

ovate, obtuse, 1 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined, the lateral sepals similar, slightly oblique; petals

translucent, similar in color, glabrous, elliptical, acute, 0.8 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, 1-veined; lip

ovate, microscopically ciliate, 1 mm long, 0.85 mm wide, 3-veined, obtuse at the apex, slightly in¬

curved, broadly truncate at the base with a minute, midline, triangular callus, hinged to the base of the

column; column membranous, 1 mm long and wide.

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: Reserva Ecologica Manglares Cayapas Mataje (REMACAM), comunidad

El Viento, epiphytic on roots of red mangrove ( Rhizophora sp.), alt. 5 m, 26 Aug. 2001, X. Cornejo

& C. Bonifaz 7232 (Holotype of P. cornejoi : GUAY; La Tolita de Los Ruanos, tropical wet forest, sea

level, 11 Oct. 2009, X. Cornejo & M. Canagd 8137 (GUAY, MO, QCA, QCNE, SEL), C. Luer il¬

lustr. 21499.

146

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This minute, caespitose species, with a raceme exceeding the leaves, grows

abundantly but locally on the prop roots of red mangrove ( Rhizophora sp.) along

the coast of northwestern Ecuador. It is related to both Platystele ovalifolia

(H.Focke) Garay & Dunst., from which it is distinguished by a caespitose habit,

and Platystele ovatilabia (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Garay, from which it is distin¬

guished by the minute size. It could be considered to be a geographical variation

of the latter, but because of the isolation in coastal mangroves, and the strikingly

different appearance of the habit, it is given specific status.

Platystele speckmaieri Luer & Sijm, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Manfred Speckmaier of Freising, Germany, cultivator of this species.

Inter species generis Platystelis Schltr., planta minuta caespitosa, pedunculo foliis ellipticis multi-

longiore, racemo laxe paucifloro, sepalis longissime attenuatis ad apicem leviter incrassatis, petalis

attenuatis, et labello ovato supra medium angustato distinguitur,

Plant minute, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-3 mm long, en¬

closed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 8-12

mm long, 2 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, successively

few-flowered raceme, to ca, 10 mm long, borne by a suberect, arching peduncle, up to ca. 6 cm long,

with a few distant bracts, from low on a ramicaul; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 5-8 mm long;

ovary smooth, 0.6 mm long; sepals widely expanded, free, translucent yellow, glabrous, the dorsal

sepal ovate, acute, long-attenuate, slightly thickened at the tip, 15 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, the

lateral sepals similar, diverging; petals translucent yellow, narrowly ovate, acute, attenuate, 5 mm

long, 0.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip red, cellular-glabrous, ovate below the middle, 2 mm long, 1.25 mm

wide, 3-veined, contracted above the middle, becoming thick, narrowly obtuse, the base truncate,

hinged to the base of the column with a short claw; column membranous, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide.

PANAMA: Panama: El Valle de Anton, flowered in cultivation at Wien, Sept. 2009, A.P. Sijm

290815 (Holotype of P. speckmaieri : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21487.

With the exceedingly long, extremely thin, attenuated sepals, this minute,

caespitose species is distinguished from all others of the genus. Only the dorsal

sepal of the tiny, repent Platystele johnstonii (Ames) Garay is also long-attenuate.

Except for all three attenuated sepals, Platystele speckmaieri is most similar to a

small, vegetative variation of Platystele oxyglossa (Schltr.) Garay.

Pleurothallopsis rinkei Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Bryon K. Rinke of Winfield, KS, who imported and cultivates this species.

Inter species Pleurothallopsis Porto & Brade, planta parva, folio obovato apice rotundato, sepalis

liberis, petalis membranaceous obtusis, et labello supra medium valde convexo distinguitur.

Plant small, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots absent in specimen. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 4.5 cm long, enclosed by 4-5 imbricating, ribbed, tubular sheaths with microscopically ciliate,

dilated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, obovate, rounded at the apex, 22 mm long, 11 mm wide, the

base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a succession of single flowers produced in a

fascicle by peduncles 4-5 mm long from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bract 1-1.5 mm long;

pedicel 2 mm long, with a filament 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals orange, suffused with red

centrally, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, acute, 8 mm long, 4 wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals simi¬

lar to the dorsal sepal, 7.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, connate 1 mm at the bases; petals membranous,

translucent yellow, elliptical, obtuse, 4 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 1-veined; lip orange, oblong-tri-

lobed, 3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, the lobes lateral, broadly rounded, erect, below the middle, shallow¬

ly concave between a pair of thick, rounded calli on the middle third, ovate, obtuse and markedly

convex above the middle with minutely suberose, deflexed margins; column red, semiterete, 1.3 mm

long, with a thick foot 1 mm long, pollinia 4.

COLOMBIA: without collection data, obtained from Andrea Niessen de Uribe of Orqufdeas del Valle,

Cali, Colombia, flowered in cultivation, Jan. 2010, by B. Rinke s.n. (Holotype of P. rinkei : MO), C.

Luer illustr. 21511.

Among the species of Pleurothallopsis Porto & Brade, this species is distin¬

guished by a small habit; very slender ramicauls; an obovate leaf rounded at the

tip; orange sepals suffused with red medially, with the lateral sepals free; a thick,

bicallous lip that is strongly convex above the middle, and two pairs of pollinia.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

147

Porrogiossum gerritsenianum Luer & R.Parsons, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Mary Gerritsen of San Mateo, CA, author and pleurothallid enthusiast.

Species haec Porroglosso dactylo Luer persimilis, sed sepalorum caudis brevioribus crassicylindri-

cisque, et synsepalo profunde concavo differt.

Plant medium in size, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect,

ca. 1 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 5-7 cm long includ¬

ing the petiole ca. 2.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, ca. 1 cm wide, the base cuneate into the

slender petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme, the flowers non-

resupinate, borne by an erect, smooth, slender peduncle 13 cm long, with 2-3 closely applied, distant

bracts, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, tubular, imbricating, 5 mm long; pedicel 4-5 mm

long; ovary twisted, pitted, 5 mm long; sepals whitish with dark rose spots, glabrous, the middle sepal

obovate, deeply concave, 5 mm long, 5 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm, the

apex obtuse, contracted into a 1 mm thick, 4 mm long, cylindrical, descending, greenish white tail

with minute purple spots, the lateral sepals transversely oblong, oblique, 5 mm long, 8 mm wide,

connate to each other for 5 mm behind the free apex of the column-foot to form a deeply concave, cu-

cullate apex, the broadly obtuse apices abruptly contracted into cylindrical tails 5 mm long, 1 mm

thick, colored as that of the dorsal sepal; petals yellow-green with purple midvein and margins, ovate-

oblong, 4 mm long, 1-1.75 mm wide, narrowed below the thickened, clavate apex, both margins with

an acute, triangular process in the middle third; lip uppermost, whitish with minute purple spots,

glabrous, the blade thick, triangular, truncate, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the lateral angles rounded, the

apex with a short, triangular, sulcate apiculum, the base with a low, obtuse, dark red-purple, pyrami¬

dal callus, deflexed below into a straplike claw bent with tension around the free apex of the column-

foot; column stout, semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot 5 mm long, the stigma with a minute pair of

pointed processes.

ECUADOR: source of plant unknown, obtained ca. 2005, flowered in cultivation, San Francisco, CA,

Nov. 2009, by R. Parsons s.n. (Holotype of P. gerritsenianum : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21501.

This species of section Torta is most similar to Porroglosum dactylum Luer,

but differs from the uniformly dark maroon flowers of P. dactylum with clavate

sepaline tails longer than the blade, by having dark rose-spotted sepals with short¬

er, terete, sepaline tails. The uppermost synsepal is distinctly concave, or cu-

cullate between the thick, outstretched tails.

Porrogiossum oversteegenianum Luer & Sijm, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named in honor of the late Pieter Oversteegen, of Eindhoven, Holland, editor and publisher

of the series "Orchids in Color."

Inter species generis Porroglossi Schltr., planta parva, foliis leviter verruculosis, pedunculo laevi,

sepalorum caudis crassis similibus, labello non protuberanti ubi extenso distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1 cm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, slightly verrucose, petiolate, 3.5-4 cm long

including the petiole ca. 1 cm long, the blade elliptical obovate, subacute to obtuse, 0.8-0.9 mm wide,

narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively, borne

by an ascending, slender, smooth peduncle 8 cm long, with a few distant bracts, from the base of a

ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5 mm long; pedicel 5 mm long; ovary smooth, 5 mm long; sepals

translucent white, faintly suffused with rose, glabrous, veins prominent externally, the dorsal sepal

ovate, 17 mm long including a tail 7-8 mm long, 6 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to

form a gaping cup, the apex obtuse, contracted into a thick, ascending tail, the lateral sepals ovate,

oblique, acute, 6 mm long, 7 mm wide, connate 3 mm to each other and to the column-foot to form

the floor of the cup, the apices contracted into thick, extended tails 7-8 mm long; petals white, oblong,

round at the apex, 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, the lower margin with a broadly obtuse angle

below the middle; lip white, suffused with rose, glabrous, the blade obtriangular, 4.5 mm long, 4.5

mm wide, the apex broadly subtruncate with the angles rounded, with a short, obtuse apiculum, the

base of the blade with a low, obtuse, more or less broadly conical callus, the base extended into a

straplike claw bent with tension around the free apex of the column-foot; column stout, semiterete, 2,5

mm long, the foot 4 mm long.

ECUADOR: Without collection data, flowered in cultivation in Venhuizen, Holland, Sept. 2009, by

A.P. Sijm 280714 (Holotype of Porrogiossum oversteegenianum : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21406.

148

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This small species has no single diagnostic feature. It is characterized by a

smooth, slender peduncle longer than the leaf; an untwisted ovary, and a medium¬

sized flower with translucent white sepals suffused with rose. The sepaline tails

are thick, and about as long as the blade. The petals are narrowly oblong, and the

blade of the lip is obtriangular with rounded angles, and the callus of the claw

is low and obscurely conical.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

149

Fig. 3. Lepanthes clementinensis

Fig. 4. Lepanthes cornejoi

150

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 7. Lepanthes stewartiorum

Fig. 8. Masdevallia gentianoides

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

151

5 cm

5 mm

Fig. 9. Masdevallia gerhardii

Fig. 11. Masdevallia oversteegeniana

152

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 15. Octomeria tweediei

Fig. 16. Platystele cornejoi

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

153

154

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

CORRIGENDA

Lepanthes millei Schltr,, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 127, 1915.

Type: Ecuador: epiphytic in subandine forest, alt. ca. 2600 m, s.d., L. Mille 8 (Lectotype here

designated: QPLS).

No lectotype had been selected for Lepanthes millei in Monogr. Syst. Bot.

Missouri Bot. Gard. 61: 74, 1996.

Lepanthes rhodophylla Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 56, 1921.

Type: Ecuador: Cordillera Tegua, 1898, Sodiro 236 (Lectotype here designated: BR).

An incorrect specimen at BR was erroneously cited as the lectotype in Mon¬

ogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard 61: 147, 1996.

Luzama chaucana (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Masdevallia chaucana Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 287,

2005 as chaucae.

Type: Ecuador: Azuay, western declivity, alt. 2000 m, coll, by Ecuagenera, fl. in cult., 2 May

2004, A. Hirtz 8738 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer 20878.

Niphantha Luer, gen. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis gelida Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 27: Misc. 91, 1841.

Habitus grandis, folia valde petiolata, spatha grandis, sepala lateralia quasi libera, labellum obcu-

neatum, columna semiteres alata.

This taxon of two species has been treated in Pleurothallis, Specklinia , and

Stelis, in none of which can it be accommodated morphologically. Niphantha was

first proposed in Monogr. Syst. Bot. 112: 107, 2007, but the validation is herein.

Niphantha gelida (Lindl.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis gelida Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 27: Misc. 91, 1841.

Type: Jamaica: cult. 1841, Loddiges s.n. (Lectotype here designated: K).

Niphantha pidax (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis pidax Luer, Selbyana 5(2): 174, 1979.

Type: Ecuador: Los Rios, Rio Palenque Sc. Center, km 47, S of Santo Domingo, alt. 2000 m,

Mar. 1976, fl. in cult, at SEL, Jan 1978, C. Luer 2277 (Holotype: SEL).

Stelis mucronella Luer, nom. nov.

Replaced name for Stelis mucronata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 18(132), 1858, not Stelis mucro-

nata D.Don, Prodr. Flora Nepalensis 32, 1825.

Type: Ecuador: Pichincha, without locality, Jameson s.n . (Holotype: K).

Pleurothallopsis niesseniae (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Restrepiopsis niesseniae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 130, 2001.

Type: Colombia: Cauca: cultivated by A. Niessen & J.C. Uribe 114 (Holotype: MO).