SYSTEMATICS OF THE SUBGENUS CROCODEILANTHE

OF PLEUROTHALLIS (ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

Subgenus Crocodeilanthe (Rchb.f. & peg Luer of Pleurothallis R.Br. is

species is described and il-

lustrated with a black and white drawing.

New species:

Pleurothallis apposita Luer, pe nov.

Hirtz . Sp. NOV.

& Hirtz, sp. nov.

Pleurothallis croatii Luer, sp. nov.

Pleurothallis galerasensis Luer, sp.nov.

Pleurothallis laevis Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Di ty T

Pleurothallis praealta Luer & Hina, sp sp. nov.

irtz, Sp. nov.

Pleurothallis salpingantha Luer & Hirt, Sp. Nov.

Pleurothallis tha Luer, sp. n

ono vegrandis Luer & cohen, sp. nov.

eurothallis virgata Luer, ial nov.

& Hirtz, sp. nov

This taxon was proposed as a monotypic genus by Reichenbach with Warsze-

wicz as co-author in 1854 when they published Crocodeilanthe xiphizusa, one of

Warszewicz’s collections from Peru. In 1861, Reichenbach reduced the genus to

Pleurothallis. The earliest species attributable to this taxon were published in 1816

from collections made in 1801 in Colombia and Ecuador by Humboldt and Bon-

pland as Dendrobium elegans [P. elegans (H.B.K.) Lindl.] and Stelis pulchella [P.

pulchella (H.B.K.) Lindl.]. Since then, about 95 additional epithets in Pleurothallis

_ have been described for closely related taxa, encompassing about 70 valid species

as recognized today in the subgenus Crocodeilanthe. These species were segregat-

ed into the subgenus Crocodeilanthe of Pleurothallis in Systematics of Pleurothallis

III of Icones Pleurothallidinarum in

Vegetatively, the subgenus is characterized by well-developed ramicauls often

clad in large, loose, papery sheaths. The ramicauls are usually produced in fascicles

with sheaths often enclosing the lowermost portions of several ramicauls. A very

few species are repent and a very few species are prolific. The leaf is either pe-

tiolate or sessile.

The inflorescence is always racemose and simultaneously flowered. The

racemes are usually many-flowered, and produced singly or simultaneously in large

numbers. They emerge from a spathe which is often conspicuous, rivaling that of

subgenus Rhynchopera.

The sepals are glabrous or variously pubescent, variously connate, and never

caudate. The petals are membranous, entire and glabrous, one- or three-veined.

Plants of species characterized by single-veined petals, may occasionally produce 3-

2 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

veined petals. The lip is entire or three-lobed, almost always with a pair of calli

somewhere near the middle, either on the disc, on the lateral lobes, or intramural on

the margins. The base is concave below a more or less well-developed transverse

callus. The cavity articulates with the tip of the column-foot which is often bul-

bous, but the cavity is sometimes shallow. The back margin of the cavity is either

flexibly or inflexibly attached to the base of the column behind the bulbous tip.

Two principal variations of the lip can be recognized: Type A: ovate, oblong or

subquadrate usually with a pair of central or marginal calli, and Type B: ovate-

trilobed with a pair of calli or intramural calli on the lateral lobes. Unfortunately,

intermediate fe ki iti type impractical.

The column is terete, usually short, more or less erect, with an unhooded apex

and a more or less subapical anther. The two pollinia are ovoid and flattened

While many species of the subgenus are distinct and easily recognized, many

others form large, widely distributed alliances of variations treated as species-

ac They are not only difficult but impractical to distinguish. The P. cassi-

oad aevigata-complex consists of large plants with a fascicle of racemes sub-

led by a large, foliaceous spathe. The lips of no two populations are identical.

PEL into it as P. cassidis which is distinguished by a subquadrate lip with a

apex and the pair of calli above the middle. I have no doubt that this

8 Super-species. Similarly, the P. ligulata-complex

Consists of : iti : . :

complex consists of sons With Type A lips, and the P. pulchella-velaticaulis-

Consists of numerous variations with Type B lips.

Baseline 1:

SSA

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 3

A different kind of problem is the determination of the 19 species described by

ae the holotypes of which were lost in the destruction of the Berlin herbar-

um at Dahlem in 1945. The isotypes of ten, now designated lectotypes, exist in

vies herbaria. Even though good descriptions of the nine remaining were pub-

lished, many with line drawings published separately, identification of present

collections can be uncertain. For instance, the published illustration of the lip of P.

conchopetala fails to show two prominent calli that I find on the lip of a hydrated

flower from an isotype. One of his species (P. aloisii) cannot be identified with any

subsequent collection.

Except for one species (P. domingensis) in the Greater Antilles, all species of

this subgenus are confined to the humid, mountainous forests of Central America

and South America from coastal Venezuela to central Bolivia. The species in the

Antilles is commonly confused with P. velaticaulis, tee collections erroneously

being referred to the latter. No species is known from

Most species are relatively easy to cultivate, but few are found in collections

because of their size that is too large for the connoisseurs of miniatures, and the

usually small but numerous flowers that are unattractive until examined closely

with a ifying

SUBGENUS CROCODEILANTHE

Pleurothallis subgen. Crocodeilanthe (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot.

Bas.: Crocodeilanth Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2: 114, 1854.

Type: Crocodeilanthe xiphizusa Rchb.f. & Warsz. Scone, xiphizusa (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.

= ane the Greek krokodeilanthos, “a crocodile-flower,”’ in allusion to the shape of the flower.

Pl ll Lindl., Folia Orch Pleurothallis 2, 1859.

i ae the Latin spathaces, ‘with a spathe , SS to the nent spathe.

(Stelis sect. Tubulift —— y of subgen. Pleurothallis.)

od o

Dm re els

, epiphytic, lly densely caespitose, rarely

a roots slender to coars cauls slender to stout, erect or epi usually produced ina

fascicle with several, loose, sae. tubular sheaths below the middle, rarely superposed. Leaf

ny coriaceous, elliptical, oblong to ovate, acute to obtuse, the base cuneate, sessile or petiolate. In-

florescence 1 to many, erect, subdensely to densely simultaneously several- to many-flowered racemes,

> eT RaNSI a the leaf, | produced from 1 a spathe that i is often a conspicuous, compressed, and

bracts tubular to more or less infun-

C3 ee *n; i. le eleract

; Sep t , glabrous, ciliate, or pubescent, acute to obtuse, free to variously ae

petals m re, acute to to obtuse, 1- or 3-veined: lip entire to distinctly or indistinctly trilobed,

the disc with a pair ‘of calli usually near the middle, oa ane — etoral lobes are present, the

articulating with or

solidly attached to the tip < of the column- foot; — short, sont, semiterete, with a short, thick foot

leciduous, th

the pollinia 2, yellow, hard, ovoid, flattened cial free, or more or less lightly adherent to a tinal

viscidium.

4 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

EPITHETS ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBGENUS CROCODEILANTHE

DESCRIBED IN PLEUROTHALLIS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

Pleurothallis aligera sg Vasquez Fig. 1.

Pleurothallis aloisii Sch! Fig. 2

Luer Fig. 3.

Pleurothallis atacasana Luer = P. ligulata

atwoodii Luer Fig. 4.

Pleurothallis avirostris ea & Hirtz

ig. 6.

Pleurothallis bogotensis Sch not Lindl. = P. pulchella ;

Pleurothallis b Luer & Escobar Fig. 7.

Pleurothallis cassidis Lindl Figs. 8., 9.

urothallis cauliflora Lindl. Fig. 10.

Pleurothallis chlamydopus —— = P. ligulata

Ple ha L Fig. 11.

Pleurothallis cochabambae Sieh & Vasquez = P. cyathiflora

Pleurothallis conchopetala Schltr. = P. la laevigata

Pleurothallis c Luer & Hirtz Fig. 12.

Pleurothallis crassipes Lindl. = P. velaticauli

Pleurothallis hae a Rchb.f. not Lindl. = P. divaricans Schitr.

Fig. 13.

Pleurothallis crocodeilanthe Lindl. = P, xiphizusa

Pleurothallis Fig. 14.

Pleurothallis cyathiflora C.Schweinf. Figs. 15., 16.

Pleurothallis diffusa sensu Lindl., not Poepp. & Endl. = P. expansa

Ple mingensis Cogn Fig. 17.

Pleurothallis preening Schltr. = P. pulchella

Pleurothallis B.K.) Lindl. .. Fig. 18.

Pleurothallis Pier es ho Lehm. & Krzl. non Rchb.f. = P. lehamanniana

— exotica Luer = P. cauliflora

expansa Lindl. ......... Fig. 19.

Pleurothallis floribunda Poepp. & Endl. Fig. 20.

Ple ons- Lindl..... Pig. 21.

Pleurothallis foveata Lindl, = P, jamesonii

Pleurothallis fraterna Lindl. = =P, —

galeata Lindl... Figs 23... 24.

Pleurothallis galerasensis Luer = Fig. 25.

Pleurothallis gigas Luer & Escobar. Fig. 26.

Pleurothallis hetpioat t Lindl. 1845 = P, laevigata

Pleurot othallis ho, hopfiana Schitr. = P. ti

infundibulosa Luer .... Fi

Pleurothallis jamesonii Lind... Fie 28.

Pleurothallis jurisdixii Luer & Escobar Fig. 29.

Puaneune Ben L & i ie

Pleurachatts preci : << os oe la ssseenseceresssnes Fig. 33.

Pleurothallis a at igi =P, cede

lehmanniana Schitr. scmecntvnentsoietenunssisunsanisdeseass Fig. 34.

Pleurothallis ligulata Lindl... Figs. 35., 36., 37

Pleurothallis Ho&nsis ei Pp. pulc 780 OCCU S SOF eS SELES SH eeseeseeese. . > 7? =

Pleurothallis mandonli edb 2 ticket AUREL Fig. 38.

Pleurothallis maxima sovesenveees Dickeoivcs Fig. 39.

Pleurothallis mollenn peal Luer & Dodson. jribseabetes Fig. 40.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis moritzii Rchb.f. Fig. 41

Pleurothallis ——— = f. = P. pulchella

Fig. 42.

Pleurothallis nubigena Schit. not Lindl. = P. ligulata

Fig. 43.

Pleurothallis pachypus pahan & Krzl.) Garay Fig. 44.

Pleurothallis palmiformis Lindl. = P. laevigata

Pleu i énsis Luer Fig. 45.

Pleurothallis patula Schitr. = P. ligulata

Pleurothallis pellucida Luer Fig. 46.

Pleurothallis pennelliana Luer Fig. 47.

Pleurothallis pichinchae Rchb.f. = P. velaticaulis

Pleurothallis pilifera Lindl. Fig. 48.

Pleurothallis pittieri Schitr. = P. floribunda

Pleurothallis pleiostachys Schltr. = P. laevigata

Pleurothallis a eorasiearts Garay = P. -< uenes

nsis Lehm. & K Fig. 49.

Pleurothallis oma: Schltr. = P. ie

Pleurothallis praealta Luer & Hirtz Fig. 50

Pleurothallis procera Luer & VA4squez = P. rhodotantha

Pleurothallis prolificans Luer & Hirtz Fig. 51

Pleurothallis pteroglossa Schitr. = P. pulchella

Pleurothallis pulchella (H.B.K.) Lindl. Fig. 52.

Pleurothallis quadrata C.Schweinf. = P. pachypus

Pleurothallis quinquecallosa Luer = P. galeata

Pleurothallis retusiloba C.Schweinf. Fig. 53.

Pleurothallis a een f. Fig. 54.

Fig. 55

Pleurothallis eagles Tie P. elegans

Pleurothallis See Luer & Fig. 56.

Pleurothallis scansor Lue Fig. 57.

Pleurothallis teaplictlaltn C.Schweinf. Fig. 58.

Pleurothallis siphonantha Luer Fig. 59.

Pleurothallis sodiroi Schitr. = P. jam

Pleurothallis wiih Schltr., not 1912 = F. —

P osa Luer & Escobar Fig. 60.

Pleurothallis cone “el P. pulchella

Pleurothallis soa Lue Fig. 61.

Pleurothallis taxis Lue Fig. 62.

Pleurothallis tepuiénsis Cone & I.Ramirez = P. pulchella

Pleurothallis trianae Schitr. = P. galeata

Pleurothallis trilineata Lindl. = P. velaticaulis

Pleuro e Le Kral. Fig. 63.

Pleurothallis tunguraguae vat. minor Garay = P. tunguraguae

eurothallis vargasii C.Schweinf. Fig. 64.

Pleurothallis vegrandis Luer & Dodson Fig. 65

e velaticaulis Rchb. Figs. 66., 67

Pleurothallis velatipes Rchb.f. = P. velaticaulis

Pleurothallis venosa Rolfe = P. galeata

Pleurothallis verbiformis Luer Fig. 68.

Pleuro is virgata Luer Fig 69.

Pleurothallis weddelliana Rchb.f. ex Krzl Fig. 70.

Pleurothallis xiphizusa Rchb.f Fig. 71.

Pleurothallis zunagensis Luer & Hirtz Fig. 72.

6 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CROCODEILANTHE

1 Habit repent .............ccccesees 2

1” Habit caespitose or prolific 5

2 Raceme as long as or shorter than the leaf ...........--s-sssssssessnensersnsensnsesssesscnersesenens 3

2’ Raceme considerably longer than the leaf 4

3 — up to 1 cm long between ramicauls; lip with lateral lobes _— the mid-

mandonii

x va ca. 3 cm long between ramicauls; lip with lateral lobes eee the middle

ectopus

4 Dorsal sepal partially connate to the lateral sepals; lip oblong ‘gee central calli...

cuatrecasasii

4’ Dorsal sepal free from the lateral sepals; lip lobed with intramt cre leiillesancaiiale

P. scansor

5 Ramicauls normally prolific 6

5” Ramicauls not normally prolific 9

6 Lip subquadrate with a central pair of flat calli with acute points near the mid-

-dle P. expansa

6° Lip not subquadrate with flat calli 7

7 Lip oblong (type A), usually with a pair of rounded calli soapy a at

‘ asensis

T Lip ovate-trilobed (type B), sah hk ci ianeied cae kcal 8

; h longer than the leaf. P ;

8’ Raceme about as long as or shorter than the leaf ep ene

9 Leaf with base decurrent on ramicaul; sepals tall-carinate below the me

oatii

9° Leaf not decruuent on ramicaul; sepals not tall-carinate = 1

10 _Leaf sessile or nearly so . 11

10° Leaf petiolate or narrowly cuneate below 28

11 Petals 1-veined 12

11’ Petals 3-veined 14

12 ital elliptical to suborbicular; lip broadly to eyniernxd ovate, with-

2’ Petals oblong; lip (type B) ovate-trilobed with i es

13 Lip witha shebang apical callus

P ‘

13" Lip without an apical callus ... . galeata (P. nite some

praia ae geen saad

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 7

Leaf sessile; petals 3-veined

14 Spathe small, narrow; lip deeply channeled between thickly one sneer

ealta

14” Spathe large, foliaceous; lip not channeled between thickly call

15 — bracts large, a mostly 8-10 mm long, enclosing pedicel, ~~

of the flow

is Flom bracts less = 8 mm long i.

16 Lip suborbicular, slightly thickened ere without calli................ P. xiphyzusa

16’ Lip subquadrate, bicallous, cleft at the a P. infundibulosa

17 Sepals connate to near middle into a sepaine tube; lip bicallous near middle....18

17’ Dorsal sepal connate to the laterals below middle or not at all; lip variable...... 19

18 Column with smooth apical margins. cpinbisenbienkonceisnennccncciacnatiunilaatins P. salpigantha

18’ Column with serrulate apical MArgiNS.............sseeceeeeeeeereeeeeseerees P. siphonantha

19 Lip (type B) deeply concave between thick, erect, lateral lobes “re the middle

P. lehmanniana

19” Lip (type A) not deeply concave between thick, erect IODES........--.-ssseerseenreens 20

20 Lip triangular-ovate, acute, with a pair of small calli below the —. Lesetnesianin

P. mo.

20’ Lip oblong-ovate to subquadrate, obtuse, with or without a pair of calli.......... zai

21 Lip without calli 22

21’ Lip with a pair of calli 23

22 Lip suborbicular, with a pair of slight thickenings, without elevated calli............

P. elegans

22’ Lip obovate with obtuse apex recurved, shallowly concave without calli............

P.la

a3 perce sepal free from lateral sepals; lip ovate, obscurely 3-lobed near =

ith intramural calli

a eee sepal partially connate to the lateral sepals; lip with calli on the ise

ot intramural

Petals small, less than half as long as the sepalls............-.---ssssesessssseerees P. vargasii

aa vemld lees 2 thirds to 3 fourths as long as the sepals...........-.+.-+:+++ P. spathosa

25 p oblong with the tip not decurved, with calli near or below the middle........26

25” Lip subquadrate with tip decurved, with calli above igh | ie 27

26 Leaves 3-8 cm wide; racemes numerous; lip with calli below the middle

P. laevigata

26” Leaves 2-2.5 cm wide; racemes 2-3; lip with calli near the middle....................-+-

P. weddelliana

27 Leaves 3-7 cm wide; racemes numerous P. cassidis

27’ Leaves 2-2.5 cm wide; racemes 1-2 P. taxis

8 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Leaf petiolate, spathe small, petals 1-veined

28 Petals 1-veined 29

28’ Petals 3-veined 41

29 Spathe small, narrow, mostly less than 1.5 cm long; lip various.

29" Spathe large, broad, mostly more than 2 cm long; lip (type B) 3-lobed with ca

mural calli

30 Leaves less than 2 cm wide 31

30’ Leaves more than 2 cm wide 34

31 Sepals less than 5 mm long 32

31’ Sepals more than 5 mm long 33

32 Lip suborbicular or subquadrate with thick, intramural calli below the apex.......

= . ve : P. pachypus

32’ Lip suborbicular wit tinuous callus within tk gi P. stelidiopsis

33 oer connate to middle into a tube; lip ovate with a pair of calli near the mid-

P. verbiformis

bi eine sepal free from laterals; lip ovate-trilobed with intramarginal calli..........

P. pulchella

34 Lip with low, obtuse, oblique, marginal calli below the middle........... P. rictoria

34’ Lip trilobed with thick, erect, intramural calli near the middle 35

35 Petals acute; lip with lateral lobes acute...

35” Petals obtuse: lip with lateral lobes ul P. sieiaatliieds’

36 Leaves oblong-obovate, cbse mea heap citiiina e mm long..

mingensis

36 Leaves elliptical, ‘acute to subacute: petals 2-3 mm long... P. ae (P. trianae)

Leaf petiolate, spathe |,

37 Racemes half the length of leaf or iP echt arge, a 1-veined

> P ° 1

st Racemes as ng as or longer thane ha ected ake

38 Lip with a central pair of small, conical

es P. fons-

38” Lip without a central pair of small, conical calll....... - aan

39 Lip with lateral lobes much lar.

1: ger than the apical lobe... Pali

99° Lip with lateral lobes about equal to the apical lobe....... —

40 Leaf long-petiolate: racemes abou

; tas long as the leaf or shorter..........

40° Leaf sub-petiolate: racemes much longer to the leaf... ete penne

41 Lipwihoucali_ Leaf petiolate; petals 3-veined

40 Lip wih call te

42 Lip suborbicular, shal]

42 Lip oblong to oven iy CONN ie i

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 9

43 Spathe exceptionally large, 4-6.5 cm long; lip with the apex round.. - praiioet

43’ Spathe narrow, 1-1.5 cm long; lip with the apex retuse..................0+.5 randis

44 Leaf large, over 10 cm wide; lip convex, deflexed above the concave mane bupkaiices

44’ Leaf less than 2.5 cm wide ine

45 Lip oblong, fleshy, not CONCAVE .............:sesseeceseeee ss cca sieaainiiea cama nmnolanans P. aloisii

45’ Lip ovate to obscurely 3-lobed, concave P. ligulata

46 Lip (type A) ovate or oblong, obscurely 3-lobed, with a pair of marginal calli or

on the disc, the apex without a callus 47

, x

46’ Lip (type B) ovate-trilobed, the lateral lobes with intramural calli, the apical

lobe callous 62

Lip type A

47 Raceme laxly few-flowered P. atwoodii

47’ Raceme densely or subdensely many-flowered 48

48 All 3 sepals connate to near the middle 49

48’ Dorsal sepal mostly free from the lateral sepals 50

49 Leaf 1-1.5 cm wide; borbi P. verbiformis

49’ Leaf 2-3 cm wide; soa elliptical-ovate P. bucaramangae

50 Sepals fleshy, carinate, non-resupinate; lip with calli barely visible

P. molleturi

50’ Sepals not fleshy, carinate; lip with calli visible 51

51 Lip ovate-triangular with the apex narrow, more or less acute 52

51’ Lip oblong-ovate with the apex round 53

52 Lip with the calli small, below the middle P. moritzii

52’ Lip with the calli large, overlapping the margins above the middle

P. jurisdixii

53 Lip with the calli large, thick, in apposition below the middle............ P. apposita

53’ Lip with the calli small, the disc shallowly concave betWee0................ss+s-ss0+++ 54

54 Lip with the calli short, but tall, erect, round, near the middle 55

54’ Lip with the calli not as above 56

55 Racemes 1 to 3; sepals 4-7 mm long P. rhodotantha

55’ Racemes numerous; sepals less than 4 mm lonQ................sscsss0e P. simplicilabia

56 Lip with the calli above the middle 57

56’ Lip with the calli at or below the middle 58

57 Lip oblong with the tip not recurved P. cyathiflora

57’ Lip subquadrate with the tip recurved P. taxis

58 Leaves more than 2 cm wide 59

58’ Leaves less than 2 cm wide 60

10 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

hed with calli at the middl truding P. patateénsis

na ie are with calli intramural below the middle Y gg pellucida

60 Sepals 5-9 mm long; lip with calli near of below the middle................ F —_—

60” Sepals 10-12 mm long

61 Lip with the calli tall, long, lamellate, within the margins of the lower half........

P. laminata

61’ Lip with calli the middl P. pennelliana

Se et __Lip type B

62 Lip with a distinct, at the apex P. choerorhyncha

62” Lip a es S42 ct, PANPATS call 1c at id apex 63

63 Lip eee pi i Oe, Mee 2 gul 64

63’ Lip ae a api 1h, ovate to bquadrate 66

64 Lip deeply channeled below the middle P. nivalis

64’ Lip with a central pair of small, comical callli..................scesscsscssssssssssecessnsseesenes 65

65 Lea m long. P. fons-florum

65’ ike rt 5c cm wide; — ca. Sn mm long . ps se

Lip vith th api Tiak subqi SO 67

66” Lip with the apical lobe ovate, rounded at the tip 68

ea np the lateral lobes with acute e tips, the > apical lobe TEtUSE........ .P. retusiloba

P , the apical P. cosangae

68 Lip oblong with erect, oblique calli below the middl

68” Lip with the calli intramural on lateral lobes. 70

69 Leaves 2-2.5 cm wide; lip with the calli continuous across the middle..............---

P. jamesonii

69” Leaves 5-7 cm wide; lip with a narrow cleft between the calli.............. P pilifera

ete nn meet —_ 1

Leaf less than 4 cm wide; spathe narro emma

P. batillacea

71 — l

e np than the leaf; lip 1.5-2 mm long, as large as ~~ column, with

WW velaticaulis

Raceme shone than 0 leaf; lip 1 mm long, much smaller ian the column,

P. zunagensis

1S FER RANT

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 11

Pleurothallis aligera Luer & Mc Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. 2: 9, 1997. Fig. 1.

Ety.: From the Latin aliger, “‘wing-bearing,”’ in reference to the lobes of the lip.

_— large, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 15-25 cm long, with

a loose, tt iddle, and 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths about the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceou s, suffused with purple beneath, elliptical, obtuse, sessile-subpetiolate, shortly petiolate, the

blade tl4n cm long, 4.5-6 cm wide, broadly cuneate below into the petiole 1 cm long. Inflorescence few

simultaneous, more or less secund, densely simultaneously many-flowered racemes, 8-12 cm long in-

cinding the he peduncle 2- 3 cm long, subtended by a conspicuous spathe 3 cm long, from an annulus 4-5

mm below y 3-4 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long;

sepals purple-brown, subcarinate, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, subacute, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

fiche free, the lateral sepals — ss obtuse, 5.5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate

cent, with purple oblong, obtuse, 2.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined;

ie fleshy, ovckiabicen So bed, 2. sg mm pant 3 mm wide across the iaconk lobes, the apical lobe

thic k, ovate, » broadly obtuse, the lateral lobes erect, near rthe middle, obtuse, with an int ramural callus

tae to the back of the end of the ecleaaefont:. column terete, 3 mm long, the foot ere the anther

and rostellum subapical stigma ventral.

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: ~— northeast of Cochabamba, alt. 2500 m, 1 Feb. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer

& R. Vésquez 8670 (Holotype: SEL).

This robust species occurs on the north slope of the Andes of central Bolivia. It

is most similar to Peruvian P. vargasii. Pleurothallis aligera is distinguished by the

large habit with a large, shortly petiolate leaf and a conspicuous spathe from which

the few racemes about as long as the leaf emerge. The flowers are similar to those

of P. vargasii, but with single-veined petals, and erect, much longer, winglike lobes

of the lip

Pieri aloisii Schitr., pic Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 57,1921. Fig. 2.

Plant t large, ~~ ——- cssiagieien: roots shea . Ramicauls erect, ssid: 25-28 cm long,

with a loose, tubular ear the middle, and another at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, a

obtuse, ca. 14 cm 1. ne L 5 cm wide, gradually anal? below into a subpetiolate base. Inflor

cence a sublax, subsecund, y many raceme, up to sails cm long including ‘tie

peduncle 15 em long, subtended by d spath tat bracts cucullate, length

not stated; pedicel equal in length to the ovary; ovary ca. 6mm long; sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal

narrowly oblong, obtuse, ca. 6.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, 3-veined, free, the lateral sepals connate into a

obovate, , ca, 2 mm wide, 3-v : , oblong, , hardly

4 mm long, 2 mm wide, om disc apparently a sparsely verrucose along the margins, with a

curved, transverse callus above the concave base; column terete, 2.5 mm long, the foot thick.

ECUADOR: ve subandean forest east of Oyacachi, Jan. 1901, A. Sodiro s.n. (Holotype destroyed at

B, no isotypes known).

The type of this species was destroyed at Berlin, and apparently no isotype

exists in any of the major European herbaria, and not even in Sodiro’s herbarium

(QPLS) preserved in Quito, Ecuador. The accompanying description and illustra-

tion were made from Schlechter’s original description and figure 318 of plate 82

(Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 57, 1929). Although he compared it toa

gigantic Stelis, he thought it could belong to Macrophyllae-Racemosae or Elonga-

tae, but not really compatible with either.

t this species belongs to subgenus Crocodeilanthe is not absolutely certain.

The densely caespitose habit with large, cauline sheaths; narrowly elliptical leaf;

long, many-flowered inflorescence; obtuse, obovate petals; and a cavity at the

of the lip below a curved callus strongly suggest this subgenus. The fleshy, entire,

oblong lip that is verrucose along the margins is unusual for the subgenus.

12 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 3

is apposita Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Fees Lee “in appsitn, ccs daperall eo

Planta grandis, lip lliptico longi-p epalis acutis, pet gis triner-

vis, tabi, vas Tl A eee M4 4 athe dichnominr

he ss z . t seen.

Plant ice. resumably epiphytic, probably caespitose, ramicauls incomplete; roots no

if erect, more than 10 cm long. Leaf erect, — “a —

2.54 sige get cuneate below le 2 ong. Infloresce

parbisae ar na — a or less distichous, simultaneously several- Bomeeod racemes,

7-10 cm long including the peduncle 3 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe 1 cm long, sing the

annulus 10-12 mm below the abscission layer, floral bracts antag aint: 3 mm long, enclosing

ovate, ss Sy i concave, 6 mm long, 4mm wide, Patel gre Siiccal steeds oitigtical-oth ong,

subacute, ree SS mm long, 2.25 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm, 3-veined; petals translucent, oblong,

pata os Palen oro 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip ip blong-subtriobed, 2. 2.4mm long, 1.2

a rounded ca’ to the

pereniinp rl gcc ty Sine ia merase mm long, the anther, rostellum

and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Without locality, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype: K), C. Luer illustr. 17234.

This species is known only from a collection by Jameson in the nineteenth

century. The only data is “‘Peru,”’ an erroneous assumption applied | to many of

Jameson’s collections from Ecuador. I know of no other collection of this species.

Pleurothallis apposita i is distinguished by an elliptical leaf with a slender pe-

tiole. The few present have been broken off about ten centimeters below

the spathe. The spathe is small from which two to four several-flowered racemes

shorter than the leaf are borne. The sepals and oblong, the three-veined petals are

not unusual in the subgenus. The lip, however, is distinct from all others. Filling

the lower half is a pair of large, thick calli that nearly touch in the center. The lip

cannot be spread without fracturing between the calli,

Pleurothallis ioral Luer, ssa i 11: 67, cl Fig. 4.

PL 7 ay ave +

amicauls o

erect, 7-13 cm long, with | meh 35 on nga sheath es te middle, and 2- sue sh

the base. L coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to acute, 8-11 cm long including an indis-

tinct petiole ca. 1 om long, 1-1.6 cm cide, narrowly cuneate below into the ‘petiole. eterserente a

— distichous, loosely few-flowered raceme, 12-13

cm long,

ubtended by a slender pak: sag 12- 13 mm long, from: an annulus 23 mm below the abscission ye floral

om oblique, 5-6

the d

ig; sepals gree rous,

dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, , 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the | lateral sepals oamiaiite

connate into ; a subovate, acute lamin: p eespr-neind mt the middle, 5 mm long expanded, 2 mm wide, 4-

elliptica 1-obovate, concave, 2.75 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lip green, ovate, obtuse, concave, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with erect, rounded basal

angles, the disc with a ied calli i on cither side and a a transverse callus above a basal ee that

apex whoa

column stout. it, 1.5 mm long, the foot stout, 1 mm lon

the tip free, the anther, rostellum and yma

‘ARICA Qaré 1

64 (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 16518.

This spec

Providencia de Dota, 9 July 1986, J. Atwood 86-

ies, known from a single Costa Rican collection, is a unique member

of the subgenus. Vegetatively, the slender ramicaul with a relatively long “set

the slender spathe, and the slender, distantly few-flowered raceme of small flowe

are exceptional. The flowers, however, are typical for the subgenus with a deflexed

synsepal; concave, membranous petals; and an ovate lip with a transverse callus

above a a basal cavity and a pair of low calli on the disc near the middle.

ao, Sos ee CM Pee

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 13

pip sears avirostris Luer & Hirtz, sp. no Fig. 5.

the Latin avirostris, “‘bird-beaked,” in iol to the appearance of the lip.

nan’ haec P. jamesonii Lindl. affinis, sed I labello trilobo, lobo antico convexo calloso transverse

Plant ada in size, ap have been growing terrestrially, canagicdes roots numerous,

slender. Ramicauls fasciculate, scare erect, 8-13 cm n long, enclosed by 3-4 tubular, imbricating sheaths.

Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse. , the blade 8-11 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, cun cuneate

below wes a petiole | 1 cm long. Inflorescence a ‘Single, secund, densely and simultaneously many-flow-

ered raceme, 12 cm long, subtended by a spathe 2.5 cm long,

from an ‘ake 2-3 mm below the abs abscission layer; floral bracts 45) mm im long, enclosing pedicel and

ovary; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2 ly pubescent above

~~ the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 8.5 mm long, at mm sake ide mexpanded, 3-veined, the

sepals ovate, oblique, acute, 9 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, 3-veined, c e 1.5 mm; petals translu-

a wens with pink, elliptical-obovate, es 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, eden the apex rounded,

subapiculate; lip yellow, suffused with red, fleshy, trilobed, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the middle lobe

transvers ely thombic, convex, obtuse, the lira -iPtia near te middie, erect, obtuse, thi thick | with a round-

portion,

the lob rs P i 1 gi hb Ce | , th at hall ly tof the cal

i “hy the base with a t ity articulated with the end of the col foot; ; column stout,

2.5 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long with the tip free, the anther, rostell d sti

: Chimborazo, La Palma, alt. 3600 m, Nov. 1983, A. Hirtz 1344 ‘kes: MO), C.

ECUADOR:

Luer illustr. 14933.

ies from a very high altitude on Mt. Chimborazo is closely related to P.

jamesonii from lower altitudes. Except for the lip, it is similar vegetatively and

florally. Although basically similar, the lip of P. avirostris is distinguished by the

transversely rhombic anterior lobe that is broader than the lower portion occupied

by the erect lateral lobes. The central portion of the anterior lobe is minutely verru-

cose. The erect lateral lobes are very thickened, with rounded calli on both surfaces

and an additional, small, conical callus on each side near the base within. The lobes

cannot be spread without fracturing the lip.

sina“ aera Line, ie 3: 58, 1976. Fig. 6.

the Latin ba “resem a shovel,”’ referring to the large leaf.

Plant Lae epiphytic to ent oes ceorins Toots coarse, numerous. Ramicauls fascicu-

— stout, erect, 10-75 cm long, with ddl ie 2-3 tubular, imbricat-

g, loose sheath: Leaf ry coriaceous, elliptical to su obtuse, petiolate,

blade 11-22 cm long, 5-16 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 1.5-2. fo cm om Inflorescence race-

mose, | to 5 simultaneous, secund, densely simultaneously many-flowered racemes, 18-27 cm long

including the peduncle 3 nt cm long, subtended bya ei spathe 1-3 cm long, from an annulus just

hae glen ge 1-1.5 mm

ile: sepals yellowish, suffused with purple alon the veins, minutely ciliate, the dorsal sepal broadly

ovate, obtuse, concave, 5.5 mm long, 4.5 mm oho une: eau, 3-veined, the “rea sepals oblong,

obtuse, api e, 5-6 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, connate 2 mm, each 3-veined; petals translucent with

purple veins, Mipladdewies ate, obtuse, 3-3.5 mm long, 1.3-1. 5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, suffused

with brown apex, fleshy, oblong-ovate, obscurely tnilobed near the middle, 2. 25 ) min long, 1.5 mm

unexpanded p te, callous, the | ded, erect, each

with a small, lunate callus ithin th gi . the disc slightl b ical callus and a

basal cavity, articulated with the column-foot; column stout, 1. 5 mm long,

the are thick, 0 0.5 mm long ith the bulk ip fi . the anther. gm. E

ECUADOR: Pichincha: terrestrial on a road embankment between Quito and Chiriboga, alt.

2200 = “ee Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 853 (Holotype: SEL); same area, alt. oo m, 10

Mar. Luer & R. Kent 227 (SEL); same area, alt. 2200 m, 22 Mar. 1979, B. Lejtnant & U. Molau

as ewe) oa Carchi: pied 5 on the road d embankme nt between Tulcan and Maldonado,

600 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & J. del Hierro 15094 (MO

COLOMBIA: Putumayo: epiphytic i in cloud forest between La Cocha and Sibundoy, alt. 2700

m, 3 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar et al., 3142 (SEL

14 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species occurs locally in northern Ecuador and southern Colombia. It is

often found on road embankments. Some plants attain a far greater size than others.

Vegetatively similar to the other robust species of the subgenus, P. batillacea is

characterized by the petiolate leaf and several erect, strict, secund, densely many-

flowered racemes longer than the leaf, and subtended by a large, foliaceous spathe.

The sepals are obtuse and minutely ciliate; the petals are obtuse and three-veined;

and the ovate lip is obscurely three-lobed, the anterior lobe rounded and callous, the

rounded lateral lobes erect with an intramarginal callus.

Bty - NI A ft,

i tideologia 20: 38, 1996. _ Fig. 7.

Pleurothallis Peper etd aad & era amy log orange ;

epiphytic tot ial, densely pitose but forming ascending

thizomes up to 8 mm thick between clumps; roots slender, numerous. Ramicauls fasciculate, relatively

inde <a, hn ak eee de ee sheaths

about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, peti subacute to obtuse, the blade 7-10 cm long,

2-3 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole lcm long. In i.

and na i) d, with th #1, | h Po | i cm

long including the peduncle -2 cm long, subtended by a sander satie Ton lees ee et om

below the abscission layer; floral t bular, 5 mm long, enclosing the pedicel, ovary and lower

portion of the flower, pedicels 1-1.5 mm long: y 2-2.5 long; sepals yellow, finely ciliate,

dorsal sepal elliptical-obovate, acute to subacute, concave, 8-9 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide expanded, 3-

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 4 mm to form a cylindrical sepaline tube, the lateral f

oblong, obtuse, 7-9 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 3 mm; petals translucent yellow, vened

in purple, obtuse, more or less concave, 4-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow,

edged in purple, fleshy, ovate-oblong, 3.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the apex obtuse rounded, the disc

broadly ehell ly e i. 1. =§ £1, te +t Wh Md

with

P w the middle, and

b h ly b » the base truncate, solidly fixed to the column-

foot; column stout, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long with the apex short and thick, the anther,

rostellum and stigma subapical.

COT OAADTA. e ¢ * nf DB.

der: ga toward Berlin, alt. 3300 m, 7 May 1984,

C. Luer, J. Luer,R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10107 (Holotype: MO); same area, alt. 2600 m, 14 May

1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7878 (SEL).

Although the flowers of this Species are very similar to those of P. Salpingantha,

the habit immediately distinguishes this species from the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia. Pleurothallis bucaramangae is a slender plant with distinctly petiolate

leaves and a small, slender spathe only about one centimeter long. The inflores-

cence emerges about two centimeters below the blade of the leaf. Pleurothallis

salpingantha is stouter with large, sessile leaves and a large, broad, foliaceous

spathe. The sepals of both species are connate to near the middle into a sepaline

tube. The three-veined petals and oblong, bicallous lips are also similar.

is cassidis Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 384, 1845. Figs. 8., 9,

Ety.: From the Latin cassidis, “‘of a helmet,” referring to the cucullate dorsal sepal.

Syn.: Pleurothallis palmiformis Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 3, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin palmiformis, “like a palm,” is allusion to the appearance of the plant,

Syn.: Humboldtia cassidis (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia palmiformis (Lindl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis langlassei Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 105, 1920,

Bry: Named in honor of E. Langlassé who collected this species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis pleiostachys Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 53, 1924,

Ety.: From the Greek pleiostachys, “most spikes,” referring to the multiple racemes,

ee ee ee a nn ae a

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 15

Pl di trial, densely caespitose; roots slender, nu-

merous. rous. Ramicauls fasciculate, ‘stout, ere erect, 15-35 cm long, with a loose, ‘tubular sheath near the middle

and 2-3 loose subacute to

Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, su

obtuse, 8-17 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, cuneate below into a sessile base. Inflorescence racemose, the

racemes few to many, simultaneous, more or less secund, densely : and simultaneously wane Cowesd, 7-

hares an pa Sep oino oe bt cm long, from an

: ts inflated, 4-8 mm long . enclosing pedicel and ovary,

d times the b f the fl dice] 3-4 mm long; Guat 655 akan sepia

purple, more or less veined in brown wn or purple, s subcarinate, ciliate,

variously short above the

middle within, the dorsal sepal elliptical-o _-s erga ty 0 obtuse, concave, sagen mm long, 47 mm wide

expanded, 3- or 5-veined, connate to the late 2m

acutely deflexed below the middle, oblong, ore ite to obtuse, 6-7.5 mm pe 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate to near the middle; petals translucent, veined in brown or purple, elliptical-obovate, rounded at

the apex, more or less concave, 3.5-5 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined; uP yellow to purple, “pits

bquadrate-oblong to broadly or transversely oblong, more or a dilated be! ow the middle with e

sides, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, the apex x broadly ob , decurv

2 af

sdAl th. Wh red

fixed to the column-foot; column thee: 2-2.5 mm a: the foot thick, 1 mm 5 with the apex capa

and thick, the anther, rostellum and stigma subapical

COT OMRIA-C th t to Sot . on the ground, at ae a ee

(Holotype: bin C. Luer illustr. 16368; Paramo d Guanacas, above e Popayén m,F. ¢€

Lehmann 4510 (K); Alto del ee. alt. 2800 m, 27 Nov. 1899, E E. : Langlassé 9 97 (holnype« of | P. lan-

glassei presumably destroyed at ct G, K, US). C. Luer

illustr. 15487. Boyaca: Sierra hanes del Cocuy, below El Playon, alt. 32001 m, 11 Sept. 1957, P. J.

Grubb, B. pres & A. Fe ernandez-Perez 819 (K). Bs gemgee Alto - Oséras, alt. 3000-3300 m, 11 Jan.

1883, F. 45 (K); Mt. Tolima, alt. 9 0,000 ft., Aug. 1917, W. Tracey 181 (K). Nari-

hho: vee of Pasto, alt. 13,000 ft., 2 Jan. 1856, Wt ie — 398 (AMES, K); terrestrial on Volcan Ga-

42 (K); e epiphytic i in cloud forest between La Cocha and Sibundoy, alt. 2700 m, C. Luer, J

podiehc et al. 3115 (SEL

ECUADOR: Carchi: pee declivity of the Andes bordering Colombia a alt. 12,000 ft., W.

Jameson 13 (holotype of P. palmiformis: K), C. Luer illustr. 16369; d Maldonado, alt.

3150 m, 17 fg 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. Lejtnant & B. neha 5623 (AAU, AMES);

same area, alt. ca. 2500 m, 21 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 2684 (SEL), Playon de San Fran-

‘o, El Mirador, 16 Aug. 1978, J. D. Boeke & J. Jaramillo 2697 (NY); above Pla ayon 6n de San Francis CISCO,

“4 "3300 m, 14 Feb. 1994, A. Hirtz 6031 (MO). I bet |

and Apuela, alt. 2500 m, 8 Feb. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & R. Escobar 3901, 3906 (SEL); Selva

ne te alt. 2600 m, Apr. “iy “ ~ rig 1685 y. I

araguro, eb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & M. Portilla 2563 (holotype o of P.

ae Parqué Nacional Podoc. cea east of Nudo de Cajanuma, alt. 3050-3420 m, 24 e 19858 B.

Allgaard et al. 58086 (AAU, QCA). Napo: above ~~ s alt. 3200 m, Jan. 1994, A. Hirtz 6008

chinch ha: northwest of Calacali, Hda. Yun unguilla, alt 2800 m, , 20 Mar nm 0. oar 3181

Qu 2900 m, 18 Feb.

is Cc Luer & J. Luer 2790 (SEL); north of San Juén between _ and | Chnbogs, alt. 3400 m, 15

1979, B. Lgjtnant & U. ee ee Tungurah de los Llang: anates, -

oa m, 11 Apr. 1985, C. Lue Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 1138 oy ‘Caan thio

ween Loja and Zamora, alt. one m, 19 Apr. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. L¢jtnant 1 & B.

@llgaard 3987 (AAU, AMES); Parqué Nacional Podocarpus » Coane Toledo, alt. 2800-2850 =. ah Feb.

1985, B. — et al. 58288 (AAU, QCA)

Zam Feb. 1 1978, C. Luer & J. Luer 2779 (SEL); east of Yangana, alt. ion, oe

1985,C. et Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10781 (MO).

PERU: Amazonas: Chachapoyas, between Leimebamba and Balsas, alt. 3400-3600 m, 19 Apr. 1964, R.

a ares (US). San Martin: Huallaga, valley of Rio Apisoncho, 30 sai above Jucusbamba, alt.

ug. 1965, A. C. Hamilton & P. M. Holligan 1277 (K). Hudnuco: near Chinchao, Carpish

— alt. aoe W. Hodge 6280 (US?); Paucartambo, Pillahuata, alt. 2700 m, Gomer 4960 (AMES?).

16 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lindley described nearly simultaneously three collections by Hartweg, made in

nearby localities in the department of Cauca near Popay4n in southern Colombia: F.

cassidis, P. hartwegii and P. laevigata. He had used the epithet hartwe gii for an

unrelated species three years earlier. Both P. cassidis and P. laevigata are very

similar and very closely allied, being distinguished by subtle differences in the

position of the sepals and calli of the lip. They could conceivably be treated as one,

} species-complex. Both are widely distributed in the Andes of Colom-

bia, Ecuador and into Peru at high altitudes :

Both concepts are characterized by a large habit with stout ramicauls clad in

loose, papery sheaths. The leaf is usually large, elliptical and sessile with a large,

foliaceous spathe at the base. However, the ramicauls of some populations are

slender, and some leaves and spathes are comparatively small. A few to many erect

racemes of small to medium-sized, yellow or purple flowers variously marked or

veined in npimle are a Dah le 1

The sepals are variously pubescent. The dorsal sepal of P. cassidis is concave

and commonly three-veined, but in larger-flowered forms the dorsal sepal is

five-veined. The lateral sepals are usually acutely deflexed near or below the

middle with the tips of the petals and lip barely protruding above the deflexed

surface. The petals are broad, rounded at th pex and three-veined.

The fleshy lip broadly oblong, to subquadrate, more or less dilated below the

middle with erect sides. The apex is broadly obtuse with the tip decurved to impart

aretuse appearance. The center of the lip is shallowly concave between a pair of

erect, lunate calli that are continuous with the curved basal carina above the basal

cavity. Instead of being movably articulated, the concave base is firmly ankylosed

to the bulbous tip of the column-foot. The lip of P. laevigata is longer, not de-

Curved at the apex, and the pair of calli are located below the middle. Intermediate

forms are encountered, often making a determination less than positive.

Pleurothallis cauliflora Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 355, 1836.

Fig. 10.

Ety.: From the Latin cauliflorus, “‘bearing flowers directly from the main stem,” referring to the

e oe |. Ti.+. 41 1 — W.. JL a. Int Tt 3 3 L hi ft

pees «ees o = ae rer

Syn.: Humboldtia cauliflora (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis exotica Luer, Selbyana 3: 104, 1976,

Ety.: From the Latin ing t

exoticus, “‘exotic,” allud f the di

Plant large, epiphytic, Caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls fasciculate, stout, erect, 10-30 cm long,

with a loose, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths about the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical-ovate, obtuse, petiolate, the blade 7-14 cm long, 4-7.5 cm wide, the

base contracted into a slender petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long. In Facemose, racemes | or 2,

stout, more or less secund, densely and simultaneously many-flowered, 15-25 cm long including the

peduncle 4-7 cm long, subtended by a foliaceous spathe 4-6.5 cm long, from an annulus 1-3 mm below

the abscission layer, floral bracts inflated, 10-13 mm long, 8-10 mm wide expanded, enclosing pedicel,

ECUADOR: Pichincha: “on trunks of trees near Lloa,” W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype: K); “Quito,” W.

Jameson s.n. (AMES), between San Juan and Chiriboga, alt. 3200 m, 31 Dec. 1955, E. Asplund 18950

(S); old road between Quito and Santo Domingo above Chiriboga, alt. 2500 m, 18 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J.

Luer & A. Hirtz 2637 (SEL). Bolivar: cloud f h of G Ja t 1 Facundo Vela, alt. 3100 m,

Te ee a ee et en Pe ee

Le ad i Ng AS Ree ier oa

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 17

24 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrém, T. ae &J. Kuijt 9674 (MO); along old road to Pueblo-

viejo, alt. 3100 m, 26 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrim, T. Héijer & J. Kuijt 9743 (MO), epiphy-

= = +e Salinas toward La Palma, alt. 3000 i, . Mar. 1991, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 14954 (MO);

on the road cut, , West of Guaranda toward Catarama, alt. 3150 m, 13 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, A.

Hire: ~ = 15022 (MO). road north of Cuenca, alt. 2900 m,

8 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Lue er & A. nc “lola (MO). Carchi: at pass between bepenis and

oo alt. 3300-3400 m, 19 Jan. 1988, U. Molau, B. Eriksen & M. telomere 2592 (AA pes

out locality, collected by Janet eae tates in cultivation at J. & L. Orchids, Easton, CT., Oct

1975, C. Luer 614 (holotype of P. exotica: SEL).

PERU: Cajamarca: fide Schlechter.

This large species is recognizable even when not in flower. Although the

ramicauls clad in large, loose sheaths are similar to those of related species (e.g. P.

elegans, P. galeata, etc.), the broadly elliptical, obtuse, long-petiolate leaf with the

long, foliaceous spathe are distinctive. One or two long, stout, distichous racemes

emerge from the sheath and bear numerous flowers appressed to the rachis and half-

engulfed by large, inflated floral bracts. The lip is thin, round and smooth without

any callus.

ee pri mE Luer, Orquideologia 20: 204, 1996. sie 11.

reek choiros, “‘a pig,” and rhynchos, “a snout,” in allusion to the labellar callus.

Pant eh ees densely re gga roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 10-19 cm long, with

a loos , and 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths about the base. Leaf e

coriaceous, petiolate, elliptical, pts cm long, 3.5-4.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole 1-2 cm

long. Inflorescence several (8) simultaneous, more or less secund, densely simultaneously man: any-flow-

ered racemes, 10-23 cm long a etiag the —— 2-4 cm long, subtended bya broad, age

spathe 2-3 cm long, from an annulus 5 mm below the abscission

long; pedicels 3 mm — ovary 1.5 mm long;

bearinate, glabrous, the dorsal Sa ovate, subacute, con cave, 5 mm ae 3 mm wide, 3-veined, free,

the lateral sepals aims, acute, — ong, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1 mm; petals translucent,

with dark midvein, elliptical, a mcr mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 1-veined with a lesser vein on either

side below the re lip aby, ‘ovoid-trilobed, 2 mm ‘is £ 5 mm nite, the sii lobe thick, eae

ly obtuse, conca the

broad!

lateral ioe erect, near the t middle, obtuse, ¥ ith an intramural callus fill rface, the disc

shallowly concave, wi th se, hinged to the back of the end of the

column-foot; column terete, 2 mm long, the foot thick with the oles tip free, the anther and rostellum

subapical, the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Cordillera Occidental, Los Farrallones, northem extreme, Roblal, alt.

2600-2870 m, 13 Oct. 1944, J. Cuatrecasas 18116 (Holotype: US; Isotype: AMES).

This species is known from the Western Cordillera of Colombia by a single

collection by José Cuatrecasas. Although the type- specimen at US is incomplete, a

large, complete specimen with five ramicauls with leaves is present at AMES. In

habit, it resembles many of the species with a large, petiolate leaf, a conspicuous

spathe, and a fascicle of several, many-flowered racemes. Most unusual is the lip

which resembles the lip of P. galeata, but the anterior lobe of P. choerorhyncha

possesses an ovoid, concave callus distinctly demarcated from the disc above a

constriction. The lateral lobes are erect, each with an intramural callus as common-

ly seen in its numerous relatives.

a kh 34h, dark

Will Garner veins,

18 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

pies ne orarae cena >) nov. Fig. 12.

. 4: 4

se Was VUINLUYUICU,

‘J o

ae . L rm os) poe ge 4 at a: s ; iy SOE alih

8) &

leiflacie . a Fae aa : 1 = tt 1} 1 i iliati ‘pete obova-

s s vy gr ee

tt Linnea tan, ra Moy SE 1 3 Fake Woe 1:1. Asots

bee giag Pabigsich i rhizome thickened and ascending; Toots slender. Ramicauls fascicalate,

erect, 20-30 cm

lar, imbricating ae Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute Saeaan the blade 9-12 cm long, 2.5-

3.5 cm wide, the b tei lend, iole 1.5-2 cm long.

Inflorescence a few, simultaneously

many-flowered, secund ad racemes 9-11 cm long including the peduncle ca. 1 cm ee. & oe bb a

spathe 1-1.5 cm long .

2-3 mm mm long; pedicel 1-2 mm long; ig; Ovary 1-1.5 ] il , ovate, acute, minutely sa

the dorsal sepal 4.5-5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.25 mm, the

lateral sepals 4.5-5 mm long, nS mm wide, A iipsesem 1-1.5 mm; petals translucent yellow, broadly

, 25 mm 1-1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, thick, subquadrate-trilobed, 1.25

mm long, 15 mm wide acros the lateral lobes expanded, the the apex thickened, ital. tye sides

with erect, thick, truncate lateral lobes near the middle,

the transverse callus above the base, the base hi fe

column stout, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick. 1mm long, stag nuove lag nda

ECUADOR: Napo: Cosanga, alt. ca. 1500 m, 13 Apr. 1991, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 5402 (Holo-

type: MO), C. Luer illustr. 15327; between Baeza and Archidona, Mar.- -Apr. 1865, Juan Isern 1787 (GB,

MA), C. Luer illustr. 1 15330,

The first known collection of this species was made in 1865, and apparently had

not been collected again until 1991 when it was found by Hirtz in an area thought to

be reasonably well -explored botanically. Ti To my knowledge, it has not been collect-

ed again in the intervening 136 years. It is readily distinguished by the thick,

ascending rhizome with long, close, slender ramicauls; an elliptical, petiolate leaf;

and a fascicle of racemes of small flowers shorter than the leaf. The tiny lip is most

remarkable with a pair of erect, marginal, oblong, truncate lobes. The base i is

concave above the articulating cavity that is attached to the back surface of the free,

bulbous tip of the column-foot.

Pleurothallis croatii Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 13.

Ety.: sins: of Dr. Thomas B. Croat who firet dj = ses A

Planta grandis ens¢ caespitosa, foliis ellipticis acutis supra basin decurrentibus, racemo disticho vel

ecundo ce se folio longiore, » Spatha Parva, sepalis cated sania carinatis infra

ace, arid obtusis tri labe p

medium bicalloso

4 Dtuso disco ad

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots numerous, slender. Ramicauls

y compressed, 12-30 cm long » enclosed by a tubular sheath near the middle and

long including the peduncle 3-5 , Sometimes mone ee subtended by a slender spathe ca. 1

ers embedded 1 cm to the leaf; pac ayenirr peu 4-5 mm

i . - a on Sean concave, obtuse,

—_—— dorsal 7mm

lowly concave base, articulated to the tip of the « columa-foot echo stout, 2 mm |] the foot thick,

0.5 mm long, the anther subapical, and and the rostellum and sti entral. =

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 19

DA RIARAA+ hintaan’. a Pe 2 as ee ee stheast of B <r te, alt. ca. 2200

m, 23 Nov. 1979, TB. Croat 48506 (Beletype MO). C. Luer illustr. 17022. Bocas del Torro: along the

continen vide, northeast of Cerro Pate Macho, alt. 2100-2200 m, 12 Nov. 1981, .. Knapp, A. Herre

& L. Coley 2156 (MO).

This species, apparently endemic in western Panama, is unique in the subgenus

with the bases of the leaves decurrent on a stout, laterally compressed ramicauls that

are fasciculate with common, loose, tubular sheaths. The elongate racemes are

subtended by a small spathe. In one of the two collections seen, all ovaries are

swollen. The sepals are remarkable with tall, more or less irregular carinae along

the midvein below the middle. The petals are obtuse and three-veined. The triangu-

lar-trilobed lip with the lateral lobes erect and broadly rounded below the middle,

and a small pair of calli, is similar to that of P. moritzii. The column is terete, a

little longer than usual in the subgenus.

Pleurothallis cuatrecasasii Luer, ee 20: 208, 1996, Fig. 14,

Ety.: Named in honor of the late Dr. tanist, who collected

this species

Plant $e — epiphytic, repent; rhizome thick, enclosed by fragmenting, tubular sheaths,

creeping, 3-5 ong between ramicauls; roots slender, from nodes along the rhizome. Ramicauls

ascending to = stout to slender, 8-16 cm long, with a loose, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3

loose, imbricating sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, s subacute to obtuse, 8-10 cm

long ee a petiole 1 cm long, 2 2.5-3 cm wide, cuneate below ini into the petiole. Inflorescence a sin-

gle, to 18 cm long including the peduncle 5-6 long,

Sari by a slender spathie re 1. 2 cm long, from an n annulus 3 mm below the abscission layer; floral

bracts infundibular, 4 mm long, enclosing nie pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals

_deemarebt subcarinate, the dorsal s sepal e ellipti obtuse, concave, 7mm mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined,

= aaa acutely gserweleas —

aie iPr obtuse, Sum lang, 2 mm ie 3-vein ined, connate to

cent, oblong-elliptical, concave, obtuse, 3 mm long, 1.8 mm ange S-veined Il lip yon to purple, chloug,

2.5 mm long, L 3 mom wide, the apex broadly tranc cate, retuse, th

pair of

on the end, fixed to the column oo column stout, 1 ‘Gan mm cg the ren thick, nearly ee mm ol =

anther, rostellum and stigma subapical.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Cabeceras del Rio Palo, Quebrada de Santo Domingo, alt. 2950-3150 m, 13 Dec.

1944, J. Cuatrecasas 19264 (Holotype: NY).

This species is apparently endemic in the Central Cordillera of southern Colom-

bia where it was collected by J. Cuatrecasas. In habit, the thick, ascending, long-

repent rhizome of this species resembles that of P. scansor, but the flowers differ

markedly. Although produced only in a solitary raceme, the flowers of P. cuatreca-

sasii are most similar to those of P. cassidis. The dorsal sepal is connate to the

lateral sepals about a third of the length, and the lateral sepals are acutely sar

just beyond the connation. The petals are oblong, concave, obtuse and three-veined.

The lip is subquadrate or oblong with a broadly retuse apex and a low pair a calli

near the middle.

Pleurothallis cyathiflora C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 15: 88, 1951. Fig. 15.

Ety.: From the Latin cyathiflorus, “with cup-shaped flowers,’ ’ referring to the corolla.

= Pleurothallis cochabambae Luer & Vasquez, Lindleyana 6: 94, 1991. Fig. 16.

t of Cochabamb A

trial, d ly caespitose; roots slender. Ramicanis

fasciculate, stout, erect, "(0-2 em long reals loose, bul upper

half and 2-3 i icaul Leaf erect, thickly

coriaceous, elliptical, petiolate, subacute, hes aera att "ee ae tiien ie below into a

20 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

= _Inflorescence eceanNee, 1-3, secund, densely and simultaneously many-flow-

a Soren 4 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe 1.5-2.5 em long,

the ab ion | floral t mm long, enclosing the

ras an annulus | cm below | ular, 6-8 mm

pedicel and ovary; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ‘ovary 3 mm long; sepals enalscent sg oe purl : oe

ellow to yellow-brown, finely sepal bro:

pa obtuse, oaatet long, 4 4-5, pe wide expanded, en the lateral sepals Geld hireske,

obtuse, 6-8.5 mm long, 3.5-4.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 4 mm; petals tran sgrerrnnal aeiek oe

elliptical-obova obtuse, mneone OF less concave, 3-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-vein pu

fedhty, Aba ohserds sligh middle, foo 2-3 mm wide, the apex broad-

ly rounded tes Sine tenachy a lowly f low, lunate calli near or

elhohtly ak. L | dale, and with at ‘+ lh 1 ah the base truncat e, solidly

fixed ii eho i £41

pee anpaplenptring 2mm long

cae Gee | apse pose ilaage cohen

PERU: Cuzco: Paucartambo, Pillahuata, epiphytic in rain forest, alt. 2800 m, 25 Jan. 1945, C. Vargas

ee AMES; herb. Vargas), C. Luer illustr, 15491.

OLIVIA: La Paz: Murillo, valley of Rio Zongo, alt. 3000 m, 8 Jan. 1988, J.C. Solomon 17470 (K,

MO} Cochabamba ba: Chapare, terrestrial on the road embankment, El Balconcillo, ssn he at

prong a 18 Nov. 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 10494 (holotype of P. cochabambae:

aa 1978,C. Luer J. Luer, R. Vasquez et al. 3469 (SEL Ang p at tga arly 3150

m, 14 Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague 16407 (MO); along the old, aban-

doned road to Villa Tunari, alt. 3150 m, 1 Feb. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague

16407 (MO); same area, alt. 2500 m, C. Luer et al 18368, 18377 (MO).

This species was described fro southeastern Peru, but it is frequent in areas on

the north slopes of the Andes of Bolivia where both stout and slender variations

occur, The species is distinguished by the oblong, petiolate leaf eaf, a small spathe, and

One to three racemes of usually iat ce flowers slightly longer than the leaf.

The sepals and three-veined petals are broad and obtuse: the lip is elliptical-oblong

with a pair of lunate calli barely above the mia ne

Pleurothallis domingensis dies ier Antill. 6: 420, enatig Fig. 17.

Bty - r

Plant medi to large, epihistie Peal Caespitose; roots shindee, Bs Ramicauls fasciculate, slender,

erect, rey raha with a close, tubular sheath covering the middle, and 2-3 more or te loose, often

fragmented, tubular sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical

-obovate, subacute to

obtuse, eas 8-13 cm long including the petiole 1.5-3 cm long, 2-3.5 cm Wide, cuneate below into

the slender pe: ¢. Inflorescence racemose, with 1-2 imultaneous, disti , densely and s e-

ously setae tacemes, 4-12 cm long in

the peduncle

ca. | cm long, from an annulus 3-5 mm below the abscission layer; floral Sere dibular, 2-3 mm

d , 3-5 mm long, 1.25-1 5 wide, 3-veined,

connate 0.5-1 mm; cent, oblon at the apex, 1.75-2 mm long, 0.75-0.8 de

1-veined: | wish, trilobed, 1.5-1.75 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the mi roun the

lateral lobes near the middle roun th

ded,

obtuse callus on the inner surface extending to the

the basal ne ——

> Column stout, 1 mm long, the foot thick, 0.5 mm long with the bulbous

tip free, the anther, rostellam and stigma subapical.

cen REPUBLIC: below Valle Nuevo, alt. 1900 m, 29 May 1887, =a - 76 ihemtog, 9p BR;

I e Torre, alt. 770 m, 3 July 1887, Eggers ia raed

im 3331 (K); Constanza, alt. 1950 m

400 m, 30 Oct. 1 A. Liog ier

Constanza and Valle Nuevo, alt. 1600-1800 ms, 99 29 May 1968,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 21

A. Liogier 15435 (AMES, NY); Loma del a i snipe alt. 1500 m, 18 Feb. 1968, A. Liogier

14020 (AMES, NY); Norte Buena Berg, alt. 1800 m, Sept. 1911, Pater Fuertes 1172 ae San José

de Ocoa, La Nevera, alt. 2100 m, 20 Jan. a. A. Liogier 22361 (AMES, NY); Bahoruco: Zapoten

Abajo above Aguacate, alt. 1300 m, 5 May 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Dod 12191 (MO).

HAITI: D’Artibonite: Montagnes Noires, Morne Basil, alt. 1300-1450 m, a fog 1924, E. L. Ekman

2523 (K, S); Mome de la Hotte, Ma Blanche, alt. ca. 1400 m, 7 Aug. 1917 Ekman H. -528 (K, S).

Du Nord: Marmelade, alt. 300 m, 20 Dec. 1925, E. C. Leonard 8365, 8367 hee Morne Brigand,

Massif du Nord, alt. 800 m, ll Dec. 1924, E. L. Ekman 2827 (AMES); Savane Zombis, 19 July 1939, G.

H. Pride 122 il aiu Chat, Mornes des Commissaires, alt. 1600 m, 12 May 1942, L. R. Hold-

rige 1199 (AMES

bee iear Monte Verde, eae 1859, C. Wright 1499 (AMES, BR, K); Loma del Gato, 8

c. 1859, C. i ay 1706 (AMES K), C. Luer Lex 16382; Oriente, Firmeza to Gran Pie-

‘4- 5 Mar. 1911, J. A. Shafer war pon ices La Perla to Santa Ana, 11 Feb. 1911, J. A. Shafer

ria, alt. -

LD, S); ‘Loma del bad alt. 1200 m, 11 ee Aug. "1921, Bros. Leon, Clement & M. Roca 10305

AMES); lage de Cristal, alt. 700 m, 28 Dec. 1955, Bros. A. & M. Lépez Figuerias 4721 (AMES), C.

Laer 17194.

TAMAICA: near Cinchona, on rocks and trees, alt. 5000 ft, 11 Nov. 1899, W. Harris 7745 (BM, K): Mt.

Diablo, Feb. 1916, H. N. pie sie

PUERTO RICO: a ctas, montis cerrote, 27 May 1886, P. Sintenis 4408 (K), P. Sintenis 4406 (BR).

Maricao, “*Alegrillo,”’ 23 Nov. 1884, x Sintenis fee (K). ate a Monte Torrecilla, 30 Oct.

1885, P. Sintenis 1983 (BM, K, LD, W); Mari 5 Sept. 1960, R. O. Woodbury s.n. (UPR).San Ger-

man: “sempre Forest Reserve, alt. 750-790 m, 16 Jan ne - Axelrod, J.D. Ackerman et al. 3691

(UPRRP). Barrio Barrancas, Monte La Torrecilla, alt. 920-950 m, 28 Jan. Laie G.R. —- £0.

Thomas 44443 8D; oa Torrecilla, alt. 935 m, 24 Feb. 1987, F. Axelrod & J.D. Ackerman 756

(UPRRP); Torreci t. 900 m, 24 Aug. ae es & P. Liogier & pg Martorell 33374 (UPR).

Ponce: Toro Nee he Feb, 1961, R. O. Woodb 90 (UPR); Toro Negro Forest Reserve, alt. 1300

m, 17 Dec. 1983, J.D. Ackerman 1870 (UPRRP “glee : Toro Negro tena eae e, alt. 1300 m, 8 Oct.

1989, J.D. Ackerman & MA. cee 2645 (UPRED. Cayey: Carite Fore. i Cerro

alt. 850-890 m, 19 Nov. 1984, J.D. Ackerman 204 RRP). Cerro La Santa, alt. 860 m, 14 Feb. 1989,

JID. Ackerman 2488 CUPRRD). Rio mes on, de Luquillo, Monte Yunque, 13 Ang. be -

Sintenis 1744 (BM, K, W); Sierra de Luquill onte Jiménes, July 1885, P. Sintenis 1406

Patricio, nf mtg 1886, P. eaieads 4533 (kK). emai, , El Yunqui, alt. 650 m, 10 Dec. 1983, ID.

Ackerman 1865 (UPRRP); Naguqbo, Luquillo Mts., El Yonque, alt. 850 m, J.D. Ackerman & M. & H.

Nir 2675 (OPREEP). Mt. Britton trail, alt. a roy: 4 Nov. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer & J, Akerman 17780

(MO); near Utuado, Monte Colén, 16 Mar. 1 Sint 08 (K).

This species, the only member of the subgenus Crocodeilanthe found in the

West Indies, is confined to the four large islands of the Greater Antilles: Cuba,

J amaica, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. Until it was described in 1909 from the

minican Republic, it had been identified as the South American P. velaticaulis.

It is extremely similar to slender forms (treated herein as P. trianae) of P. galeata

which is frequent and widely distributed in the Andes.

Pleurothallis domingensis is distinguished by one or two densely flowered

racemes shorter than to slightly surpassing the oblong, more or less obovate, obtuse,

petiolate leaf. The sepals are less than five millimeters long, the petals are single-

veined and less than two millimeters long, and the small lip is trilobed with intra-

mural calli on erect, lateral lobes, indistinguishable from the lip of P. velaticaulis.

The latter has narrower leaves and longer racemes, and the petals are three-veined.

—-, dein ingre a B.K.) a Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: Misc. 70, 1842. Fig. 18.

elegans H.B.K. et Sp. 1: 358, 1816.

oe, inna reper she cance oe to qualities of the

Syn.: Specklinia elegans (H.B.K.) Lindl., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 21: sub t. 1797, 1835.

Syn.: Pleurothallis roseopunctata Lindl., Orch. Linden. 2, 1846.

Ety.: From the Latin roseopunctatus, “‘rose-spotted,” referring to the flowers.

Syn.: eyes sist (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Hi (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

22 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant medium in size to large, co arse, epiphytic to terrestrial, densely caespitose; roots slender,

numerous. icauls fasciculate, stout, erect, 13-45 cm lon ong, with a loose, tubular sheath near the

middle and 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths about the base. Leaf f erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to

obtuse, the blade 11-23 cm long, 4-7 cm wide, te b i Inflorescence

racemose, the racemes several, 4-7, simultaneous, slender, m more or less distichous, subdensely and simul-

eunadinces flowered, 10-25 g p > 1-5 cm long, subtended by a spathe 3-6

cm long, 1-2 cm broad, from hort dist bel bracts 4-6 mm

ith light

enclosing pedicel; pedicels renin ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals whitish, — rk

pt short-pubescent above the middle, the sepal elliptical-ov ate, s ‘0 obtuse,

concave, 9-11 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, 5-veined, the lat P , subacu btuse, 75-10 mm

long, 3-4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 3-4 mm; petals t: elliptical-ovate,

more or less concave, 4-5 mm bak 3-4 mm wide, 3-veined; ips white, aaa ‘with ——.

seca 3.5-4 mm long, 554mm wide, the y concave and

smooth with an obscure pair of low, cali near the middle, and with a transverse callus above the base,

the base an es ene: the foot thick, 1.5 mm

long withthe apex short and thick. the eather rostellum and stigm

COLOMBIA: Cauca: on wood ed mountain slopes between La Erre and Almaguer, alt. ca. 6,000

f., (1000 hex.”) 180 1801, A. Humboldt & A, Bospland 2129 (Holotype: P; fragment of type: W); without

- Lehmann 6258 (K); Péramo de Barbillas, southeast of Popayan, alt. 3070 m, 27

July 1978, C. la, J. Luer, R. Escobar et al. a (MO, SEL). Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de

y (

70 m, 20 Mar. 1986, J. Wolf 886 (COL, MO). " Nerina: Alto del Tabano near Pasto, alt. 3200

m, E. André 2998 bis (K). Putumayo: Laguna above Pasto, 23 Nov. 1876, F.C. Lehmann s.n.

; epiphytic in cloud fi between La Cocha and Sib 'y, alt. 2700 m, 30 July 1978, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Escobar et al. 3105 (SEL).

VENEZUELA: Mérida: forests of the Sierra Nevada, alt. 9,000-10,000 ft., Apr. 1842, J. Linden 629

(holotype of P. roseopunctata: W, isotypes: AMES, G, K). TAchira: terrestrial an. and epiphytic in

forest below Péramo de Tami, alt, 2500- 2500-2600 m, May 1967, G.C_K. Dunsterville 75,

This widely distributed species was first described from a collection from

Pleurothallis expansa eae , Folia Orch. sal ager 4, 1859, Fig. 19.

Ety.: From the Latin Latin expansus, “‘e xpanded,” ref.

Syn.: Pleurothallis diffusa P Poepp. & Endl. sensu ion, ae ack. es 3, 1859,

cis Humboldtia expansa (Lindl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891,

ant large, epiphytic, climbin 8; roots slender. Ramicauls ciculate or Superposed, stout, erect,

ines, cm long, with or without a tubular sheath near the nilie ied 2-3 imbricating sheaths about the

base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, s, broadly elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse, a ee the midis 8-16

em long, 3-8.5 cm wide. the

le ca. 1 cm Inflorescence race-

mose, racemes | to 3, distichous or or secund, densely and simultaneously seng-iobene 15-35 cm long

cm long, f;

including the peduncle 3-7 7 cm long, subtended by a foliaceous s ¢ 2-4.5 cm

inflated, 5 mm long »4mm wi wide expanded, enclosing the

pedicel and Ovary; pedicels me mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals dull yellow-green, marked with

Panne ciliate, the dorsal sepal broad] uborbicular,

ong, 9. 2, S-veined, free from the late

obtuse, 5.5-8 mm long, 2-3 mm wid ral sepals, the lateral se ovate,

: : ate, ‘haste, , Concave at the apex, su Penpien z

vic 3 veined; lip yellow, marked with purple bapiculate, 45 mm long, 2-2:5 mm

Purple, subquad rate, obscurely lobed, 3 mm long, 2.5-3 mm

wide, the apex tran Sverse, decurved in the center with a retuse appearance, the sides below the middle

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS y

ner a rounded, the disc with a broad, flat — to either si side near the middle mes a ssn of

eo rticulated rith Shien erie chon eoteomtion pi, Saag ote ag 1

mm long, the a te and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: “on trees in the valley of Lloa,” W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype: K); “Quito,” W.

Jameson mare (W, as P. diffusa); Lloa, alt. 9, 000 ft., Dec. 1856, W. Jameson 449 (G); between San Juan

and Chiriboga, alt. 3300 m, 27-29 oy 1955, E. Asplund 16080, 16120 ) (AMES, , NY, S); same area, alt.

3180 m, 22 Feb. nag V. Zak 944 (G, K); epiphyti the ol

ngo above Chiriboga, alt. 2650 m, 5 May 1978, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 13695 (K, MO); along the new road

between Quito ot tue Domingo, rg 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 244 (SEL); NW of pre

cali, Hda. Yunguilla, alt. ng = 11 Mar. 1942, O. Haugt 3160 (AMES, US); between Tandapi an

Aloag, alt. 3150 m, 29 py 9, B. Licuus A A. & U. Molau 13960 (AAU, GB); same area, alt. sown

m, 7 Feb. 1985, U. Molau & ra — 1153 (AAU, GB); same area, alt. 2600 m, 1 Feb. 1985, C. H.

Dodson & P.M. Dodson 15565 (MO), west of Calacali, alt. 2800 m, 4 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz, C. Dodson & P. Dodson 11040 (MO); La Liberia, alt. 2700 m, Nov. 1983, A. Hirtz 1415 ar

Pulul road to Lulumbamba, alt. 2000-2500 m, 26 Feb. 1987, C. E. Cerén, M. Cerdén & M. Mac

927 (K, MO, Ed pease gi i ja pana Maldonado, alt. agg: ae 1984, C. Luer, S. ey

strom & T. Héij 53 (MO); same area, alt. 3000 m, 16 Mar, 1991, C J. Luer, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz

& J. del har yf (MO); isincel : haldouads and Chical, alt. ore m, Sie 1992, A. Hirtz 5769

OQ). Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 1400 m, May 1989, A. — =. x. Hirtz 4222 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Narifio: Oriente of Pasto, alt. 13,000 98 (G).

Pleurothallis expansa is apparently sixiaed to the western slopes of the Andes

of northwestern Ecuador and adjacent Colombia. It is a robust species with prolific

ramicauls. Great masses of plants can be found climbing through the scrubby

vegetation in wet forests at high altitudes. Long racemes of relatively large, showy,

yellow and purple flowers are produced. The subquadrate lip is divided into a

transverse, retuse, apical lobe, and a pair of broadly rounded lateral lobes each with

a flat, rounded callus. Between them is a minute pair of conical calli similar to

those of P. fons-florum.

Pleurothallis floribunda Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 48, 1835, not P. a.

bunda (Lindl.) Lindl. 1842.

Ety.: From the Latin floribundus, “flowering in profusion,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Pleurothallis pittieri oe Repert. . Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 240, 1907.

Ety.: N in honor of H. Pitti

Syn.: Pleurothallis dias Garay, Arquiv. Iu. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 12: ‘174, a

Ety.: From the Latin pluriracemosus, “with several racemes,” referring to

Plant large, epiphytic, commonly terrestrial, densely sp Hegcona roots slender, humerous. a

cauls fasciculate, stout, erect, 10-35 cm long, usually with a large, loose,

middle, and 2-3 loose, often fragmented, tu’ tubular sheaths about the base. = Ena riaceous, ellipti-

cal, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, the blade 10-20 cm long, 4-7 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 2-

3.5 cm long. Inflorescence raceni0se, with the racemes simultaneous, 5 to 15 or more, distichous,

densely and simultaneously :raanb ence 8-12 cm long including the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, sub-

tended by a spathe 2-2.5 cm long, from an annulus ca. 5 mm below the abscission layer; floral bracts

a 2. 5-3 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary | mm long; sepals pale yellow to yellow-

orang ly pubescent within, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 3.5-5.5

pas a 1.5-2.5 mm wide, re a , oblique, 3.5-5 mm long, 1.5-

2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1-2 mm; petals translucent, marked with purple along the margins, linear-

obovate, obtuse, 2-3 mm long, 0. 75.1 1 mm wide, he poe = ve suffused with purple — the

, trilobed, 1 ate, subacute

.5-2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the mi to obtuse, thickened, the

lateral lobes near the middle, erect, obtuse, wi with a call surface extending to the anterior

margins, the di iddl 1 cavity,

articulated with the end of the column-fot column stout, 1 mm ust the : foot thick, 0.5 mm long with

PERU: Huanuco: sar Pamayncuand Cosh nt Dec. 1829, Poeppig 1599 (Holotype: W

G); near Tingo Maria, alt. 627 m, 21 Apr. 1965, FG. Brieger 9289 (HB, K); Cerros een lg

31 July 1969, T. R. Dudley 13537 (NA). Junin: Tarma, Agua Dulce, alt. 1900 m, 6 Mar. 1948, F.

Woytkowski 35421 (AMES); Rio Huasahuasi, alt. 2600 m, collected by D. Bennett, flowered in cultiva

24 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

tion 27 Feb. 1964, P. C. Hutchison 4161A (AMES, F, K, MO, NY, UC, US, USM). Puno: stain be

Valle de S. Gaban, alt. 2000-27 2700 m, 9 Feb. 1967, C. Vargas 18968 (AMES). San Martin: pe

oe 1840, Mathews 3184 (K); Zepelacio near Moyabamba, alt. 1100 m, May 1934, = - ~

23 (AMES, K, NY, S). Ayacucho: Aina, alt. co oN E: Slain & a ‘mith

(AMES, : Quispicanchis, alt. 1960 m, 28 Jan. ‘argas

216) if fe Tiong arumal, May 1941, Fomds s.n. 4448 (US). Cauca: above Pitayé near

3000-3200 m, 16 Mar. 1884, F.C. Lehmann 37. 46 (BR). Cundinamarca: none locali

P a a8 wena (MA, US): without eee 1851-1854, J. J. Triana 267 (NY, US); between Bosak

and alt. 10,000 ft., May 1921, W. Tracey 400 (K); Nemocén, Cerro del Mortifio, oy 2780 m

. Gareia-Barringa 17713 (AAU, COL,

ee po lent 10 Oct. 1968, H. . Lugo 987 (GB). Imbabura: southeast of Lita,

percept edigsly dipole mle Ds a eg ll Morona-Santiago: near Mendez, alt. 700 m, 28

May 1947, G. Harling 963 (NY, S); Bomboiza, alt. 50 m, 25 July 1985, W. Palacio 565 (MO); Bom-

Rio Cuyes, alt. 800 m, ae 1986, C. Cae 418 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, epiphytic in

forest east east of Guismé, alt. 1750 m, 21 May 1 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores es, A. Andreetta & W. Teague

13557 (MO). Pastaza Pastaza: Shell-Mera, alt. 1000 m, 10 Mar. 1956, E. Asplund 19712 2 (NY, S); same area,

alt. 1100 m, 25 May-6 June 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Stram 9831, 9838, tiie 9928 (AMES).

between alt. 900 m, 16 May 1967, B. Sparre 14606 (S). Pichi Aloag

0); ; ‘ é at

Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10842 (MO (0) sea ls 2 Apr. | 1985, isgpetyg

. Zamora, alt.

m, 16 Apr. 1989, J. E. Madsen & B Brite 85977 7 (Mi

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Cerro Venamo, alt. 1100 m, 21 Apr. 1960, J. A. aepyern & S. Nilsson 430

(NY); Anzoategui, Dist. Freites, Cerro Pondie, 2 Dec. 1981, G. Davids A. Gonzdles 19925 (MO,

NY); Anzoategui, Rio Zumbador, alt. alt. 800-1000 m, 1 Mar. 1945, J. A. resect k 61276 (NY). Sucre:

Pen. de Pari i , J. A. Steyermark, R. Liesner & V. Carrefio E. 121665 (MO, NY);

between Pocitos and Santa Isabel, alt. 900-1250 m, 12 July 1972, K. Dumont, G. Morillo, G. Samuels &

R. Cain 7607 (NY); Cerro Patao atao, alt. 3,400 ft., 29 Aug. 1984, Milliken, Bevan & Smart 5

TRINIDAD: between Tucuche and Naranj ja, alt. 2,300 ft., 2 Jan. 1948, N. W. Simmonds 235 (AMES,

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Sud Yungas, along Rio Unduavi, alt. 2

000 m, 30 Jan. 1980, C. Luer , J. Luer, R.

Vdsquez & R. Lara 5042 (K, SEL); Saavedra, along river below Charazani, alt. 2550 m, 20 Nov. 1992,

C. Luer, J. Luer, R vhicg: asmdanige ais 33 (MO ).

ANAMA: ode | and Cerro de la Horqueta, alt. 2100-2268 m, 18 Mar.

1911, H. Pittier 3227 (AMES).

COSTA RICA: without locality, ca. 1867, A. Endres n. (W); wi thout locality, Hiibsch s.n. (W); on the

of Rio Manewan, alt. 2100 m, 15 Feb. 1890, H. Pittier 2067 (holotype of P. pittieri presum

destroyed at B); same co ection data, H. Pitti 3 (Neotype of P. puteri here designated: AMES

23666, illustr.) Ni :

400 6, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 50533, 50606

(AMES); Los Cartagos, alt. 2100 m, 25 Jan. 1970, R. W. Lem: 100 90 (CR). Puntarenas:

a onteverde, Ojo

Agua, Pacific slope, alt. 1600 m. 18 Nov. 1987, W. A. Haber & E. Bello 7804 (CR MO). San José:

La Palma, alt. ca, mb Feb.-Mar. 1924, P. C. Standley 52929, 38262, 38299, 24319 (AMES Las

Nubes, alt. 1500-1900 m, leg 1924, P. C. Standley 38894 (AMES); La dura de San José, 9 Nov.

1932, A.) ; La Palma de San San José, alt. 1400 m, 21 Jan. 1972, P.M. Maas & LD.

Gémez ); Parqué Nacional Braulio C 0, Zurqui, alt. 1660 m, 27 Oct. 1990, S. Ingram & K.

Ferrell-Ingram 639 (AMES, CR, F, K, MO, SEL). (. Laeriitete. 12192.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 25

This robust, vegetatively variable species occurs extensively in the mountains of

Central America, and through the Andes from Venezuela into Bolivia. It seems

indifferent to altitudes, ranging from a few hundred meters above sea level to over

meters above sea level. A well-known population grows by the tens of thou-

sands as a terrestrial weed in full sunlight on ancient lava beds around Bajfios in

eastcentral Ecuador, where, it seems, every collector who has entered Ecuador has

collected it at least once. A collection from this locality by I. Holmgren that was

labeled by Schlechter as P. pastazae was described by Garay as P. pluriracemosa.

Even though variable vegetatively, P. floribunda is easily recognized by the

loose sheaths that surround the ramicaul; a large, leathery, petiolate leaf, and a

fascicle of small-flowered racemes usually less than half the length of the leaf. The

spathe is large, but not particularly conspicuous; the sepals are acute and three-

veined; the petals are obtuse and single-veined; and the lip is trilobed with erect,

obtuse, lateral lobes with intramural calli.

The ramicauls vary from short and stout with proportionately larger, loose,

overlapping sheaths in fully exposed, lithophytic habitats as compared to the longer

ramicauls with slenderer, shorter sheaths in shaded, moist, epiphytic habitats. In

some populations the sheaths are greatly reduced. The flowers, however, are

remarkably stable throughout the range. They are practically inseparable from the

flowers of the P. pulchella.

SS fons-florum Lindl., — — shia otal 5, 1859. Fig. 21.

y.: From mt Latin niga florum, “ «ten rs,” referring to the inflorescen

a Hi (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev . Pl. 667, 1891.

J J J

t large, epiphyti lender. Ramicauls fasciculate, stout, erect, 25-55 cm long,

witha pti ‘tubular aah near the middle and 2-3 loose, cies te sheaths about the base. Leaf

erect, aceous, elliptical -ov i subacute to obtuse, short-petiolate rong blade goon cm —_ 6-9 cm

wide, acs sally cuneate below into a petiole ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescence racemose, n racemes

produced simultaneously, aeailer more or less secund, densely and simultaneously nosis ieee 15-

25 cm long wean. the slender peduncle ca. 2 cm long, — by a spathe 2- 3 cm long, from an

ul w the abscission | ovary; pedi-

= is mm sree aes 1 mm long; — yellowish to rose, more or dees veined i _ purple, subcarinate,

i e to aaa COREA,

Be “ mm long, 2 mm wide unexpanded, 3 -veined, the lateral sepals pmheny ovat

3.5-4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3- ste essentially free; petals translucent with ie midvein a

elliptical-obovate, obtuse, 2.5-3 mm ong, 1 mm wide, 1-¢ or 3-veined; lip yellow ¢ or rose, fleshy, ovoid-

ilobed, 1.5-2 mm long, 1.5 dears , obtuse

erect at the middle, with broad, i ntramarginal calli, the disc with a pair < of adjacent, conical —_ in the

center above the middle, shallowly concave below, , the

base truncate, articulated wi —— parcial column stout, 1-1. J mm Jong, the foot thick, 1 mm long

St eat

ECUADOR: Pichincha: “forests on si eastern and westem peat of the Andes, on fallen trunks of

trees and on the gel W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype: K); Quito, alt. 6, 000 ft., H. Karsten s.n. (W);

forest above Tandapi, al t. 21 100 m, 31 Mar. 1985, C1 me J. Luer, A. Hirtz & x. Hirtz 11030 a

new road t. 2000 m, 1 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, C.

Hever & 7 Embree , 12071 (MO); above Tandapi, al oe m, os 1991, A.l Hirtz 5417 (MO); near

Nono, terrestrial on sagen slope, alt. 2700 m, 16 Apr. 1956, 66 (S). Carchi: beget

Maldonado, alt. 2500 m, Nov. 1991, A. Hirtz et al. 5629 (MO). p tons omen between Riobam

Bajios, 24 Apr. wales H. Lugo 1818 (AMES, GB). Nape: between Baeza and Tena, alt. 1800 m, - ae

1985, C. H. Dodson & A. Hirtz 15904 (MO). Pastaza: near Papallacta, alt. 2500 m, 2 Feb. 1978, C.

Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 2397 (SEL). Sucumbios: between Santa Barbara and La Bonita, alt. 2100 m, 17

May 1982, H. Balslev, J. L. Luteyn & B. Boom 2613 (AMES, NY, QCA). Tungurahua: Volcan Tun-

gurahua, alt. 2850-3150 fee 15 Jan. 1988, U. Molau, B. Eriksen & M. Fredrikson 2485 (AAU, GB).

PERU: Hudnuco: near Cuchero, Poeppig s.n. (K).

26 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lindley described this species from a fragment of a single inflorescence collect-

ed by satin in Peru, mae perme of a plant with leaf and complete inflorescence

collected by Jameson in Ecuador. The latter collection is labeled the type in Lin-

dley’s herbarium at Kew, and it is hereby so designated. Lindley’s outline of the lip

fails to include the pair of conical calli in the center. A hydrated flower reveals

their

Pleurothallis fons-florum is characterized by the stout ramicauls with large,

loose, inflated sheaths; large, short-petiolate leaves; a foliaceous spathe; and a

fascicle of numerous small-flowered racemes that usually surpass the leaves. The

sepals are shortly pubescent, the dorsal concave and more or less cucullate, and the

laterals more or less free and spreading. ; 5

The petals are oblong with a slightly thickened tip, and either single-veined or

three-veined. Lindley’s type has single-veined petals, as found in most collections,

but about a fifth of all collections examined has petals with three veins, there being

absolutely no other difference that might indicate two look-alike taxa. Should this

scenario apply to other species, P. pulchella and P. velaticaulis might melt into one.

The lip is characterized by erect, obtuse, lateral lobes that are callous on their

inner surfaces, and a pair of approximate, subacute, conical calli at the base of the

triangular, middle lobe. Sometimes spectacular masses of the tiny flowers are

produced on as many as 50 simultaneous racemes.

Pleurothallis galeata Lindl., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser

Lindl Mag. - 1, 15:107, 1845. Fig. 22.

Ety.: From the Latin galeatus, “with a helmet,” referring to the cucullate dorsal sepal.

Syn.: Humboldtia fraterna (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia galeata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL. 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sororia Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 115, 1920, not 1912.

Ety.: From the Latin sororius, “sisterly,” referring to an affinity to P. pulchella H.B.K.

Syn.: Pleurothallis trianae Schlir., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 117, 1920, Fig. 24.

Ety.: Named for the collector José Triana, noted Colombian, botanical explorer

Syn.: Pleurothallis venosa Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. 30, 1906.

Ety.: From the Latin venosus, “veined,” referring to the purple veins of the sepals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis quinquecallosa Luer, Phytologia 49: 214, 1981. Fig. 23.

Ety.: From the Latin quinquecallosus, “‘with five calli,” referring to the labellum.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls fasciculate, stout, erect, 20-80 cm long,

with a loose, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths about the base. Leaf

rect i ipti se, long-petiolate, 10-25 cm long, 4-

3 cm long. Inflorescence a fascicle

MEEOLY AMLaty fl d SGVCilics, 12-18 cm long

including the peduncle 2-3 cm long, usually subtended by a broad spathe 2-4 cm long, from

ca. 1 cm below the abscission layer, floral bracts 2-3 mm long, enclosing pedicel and Ovary; pedicels 1-2

mm long; ovary 2-2.5 mm long; sepals yellow to i i

liate, short-pubescent above the middle withi dorsal ate

mm long, 3.5-3.75 mm wide unexpanded, 3-veined, the lateral s ; i

more or less convex, 4.75-6 mm long, 1-1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 2 mm; translucent wi

t with

the midvein brown or purple, linear-oblong, subacute to obtuse, 3-4 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined: li

; i . obovoid-trilobed, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the

the middie ones {2 Founded, with a distinct cushion-like callus, the Intel wenn ’ j

isc shallowly concave, with a transverse

over the midvein, the base truncate, concave,

the foot thick, 1 mm long with the apex

12 cm wide, rounded or cuneate below, contracted into a petiole 2-

of few to many, arching, disheveled to strict. simul ]

Milail

bos

;

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 27

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: “at the foot of ie atid 11 ee of the sea,

Feb. 1843” T. Hartweg 1408 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: G, LD, W); Cordillera de los Llanganates, —

Bafios, alt. 2870 m, 11 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11136 ae. Carchi: epiphyti

- cloud forest between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt. 3000 m, 23 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirts

772 (SEL). Sucumbjos: betw een El] Carmelo and La Bonita, alt. 2800 m, 8 le 1979, B. . Léjtnant, U.

ae & M. Madison 12001 (AAU, GB)

— m, 17 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6269 (holotype of qguinquecallosa: SEL); between La

onita and Rosa Florida, alt. 1600-2000 m, 14 Mar. 1996, S. Dalstrom, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram

29 (MO). Cotopaxi: terrestrial, west of Pilalo, alt. 2200-2350 m, 8 Apr. 1973, L. ages

Jeppesen, B. Lojtnant & B. Pllgaard 2308 (AAU, S). Loja: Cerro Toledo, southeast of alt.

er 7 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 23811 (AMES, GB); upriver from V ieee alt.

000-2400 m, May 1985, D. D’ Alessandro 364 (MO); above San Pedro de Vilcabamba, alt. 2400 m, 23

i= 1986, D. D’ Alessandro 629 (MO). Morona-S d Lim6n, terrestrial

alt. 1900-2000 m, 22 Mar. 1974, G. Harling 12739 (AMES, GB); Napo: cloud forest below Papallacta,

alt. 2800 m, 28 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Andreetta 3417 (SEL); Cuyuja, between Quito and

Baeza, alt. 2450 m, 29 May 1986, C. H. Dodson & T. A. Dodson 16424. El Oro: forest above

rg 1 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12568 (MO). Pastaza: ee a

28 Aug. == C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 3417 (SEL). Zamora-Chinchipe: cloud fore: the Caja

numa range south of Loja, alt. 2750 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flares 10762

COLOMBIA: An ia: Fron de Alegrias, alt. 2300 m, 22 Oct. 1884, F. C. Lehmann CLXXX

(K); cloud ps a ves en ot 2650 m, 1 May ee & Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia

10058 (MO). Cundinamarca: J.J. Triana 569 (holotype of ee

ae here al net US): Guasca, alt. 3000 m, 24 Apr. ere. iF, a Coen 3039: K); same area, 9

1946, M. B. & R. Foster 1804 4K): Guadalupe Hill above Bogota, lithophytic, alt. 3200 m, 16 Apr.

na O. Haught 6423 (US); Maeizo de Bogoid, Quebrada Chicé, alt. 8,500-9, 500 oe 30 Nov. 1952, R.

E. Schultes 18593 (AMES, NY, US); Nemocén, Cerro del Mortiiio, alt. 2780 m, 30 Dec. 1962, H. Gar-

cta-Barriga 17713 (AMES, COL, US); La Calera, camino a Mundo Nuevo, alt. ps m, 28 May 1967, L.

Uribe U. 5855 (US); between Une and Fosca, alt. 3000-3200 m, 14 June 1974. H. Garcia-Barriga 20526

(COL, US). Norte de Santander: forest below Paramo de Jurisdicciones, alt. 3150 m, 10 mati 1984, C.

alt. 2850

m, 11 May 19 Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10280 (MO).

by S. Tsubota, . ae 1993, C. Luer 16757 (MO). Valle del Cauca: Finca Zingara, between Cali and

Buenaventura, alt. 1900 m, 23 Jan. 1994, J. Giraldo Gensini . be Olver A. 131 (MO, TULV). Cauca:

highlands of Popayén, alt. 1500-1800 m, Oct., F. C. Lehmann 6931 (holotype of P. sororia f exioaey

destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: K; Isolectotype: 7 c Luer illustr. 16990A. “*Capilla,” F.

C. Lehmann B.T. 310 (AMES, K, NY). Without collection data, “‘tropical America,” ama b

Sander & Co., flowered in cultivation at their nursery, Oct. 1890, F. Sander s.n. (holotype of P. venosa:

K: isotype: AMES S), C. Luer illustr. 16990.

VENEZUELA: Mérida: between La Carbonera and Azulita, alt. ca. 5,000 ft., June 1962, G.C_K. Dun-

sterville 699,

PERU: Amazonas: Chachapoyas, een Leimebamba and Balsas, alt. 2400 m, 26 Mar. 1964, P. C.

Hutchison & D. Bennett 4561 (F, “+71 “MICH, MO, P, UC, US, USM).

Although published as having been collected by Hartweg in Colombia, Volcan

Tungurahua is in Ecuador, where this species is still to be found today. It is rela-

tively frequent and widely distributed in the Andes from Venezuela into Peru.

Typically, P. galeata is distinguished by stout ramicauls; large, broadly ovate,

long-petiolate leaves; a fascicle of numerous, curving or disheveled, small-flowered

racemes nearly as long as or longer than the leaf, and subtended by a conspicuous,

foliaceous spathe. The dorsal sepal is concave, and the one- -veined petals are

narrow. The three-lobed lip is characterized by erect, obtuse, lateral lobes near the

middle that bear a callus on the inner surface of the anterior margin, and an obtuse

apex with a cushion-like callus.

The dimensions and shape of the leaves vary throughout the wide distribution.

In some variations (Fig. 24) the leaves are narrower, elliptical and acute with fewer,

strict racemes with a much smaller spathe. The flowers of all the forms are identi-

cal _ that the middle lobe of the lip becomes merely thickened instead of

tinct callus as found in the broad-leaved forms. These variations have

been annie by Schlechter as P. sororia and P. trianae, and by Rolfe as P.

venosa. Because there are far too many intermediate variations to recognize these

28 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

taxa, they are treated within P. galeata as one variable species.

The acute, narrower-leaved forms with few racemes and a small spathe ap-

proach P. domingensis of the Antilles, the only difference being in the oblong, more

or less obovate, obtuse leaves of the latter, which could be considered to be merely

a geographical, vegetative variant. Pleurothallis domingensis is commonly identi-

fied as the South American P. velaticaulis which it resembles vegetatively.

Hydrated flowers from the types of P. fraterna, P. galeata, P. sororia, P. trian-

ae and P. \ d and found to be le.

Pleurothallis quinquecallosa varies from typical P. galeata with subpetiolate

leaves and more Calli of the lobes of the lip.

Pi thallis gal is Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 26.

(SMe . bg ey | y.*3 ie i . 1 E i Lh . . paucis multifloris

folio i = . " lea], gi rib , spatha magna, pali . * ae p * i. :

. Py Ie =|

petalis trinervis., et

Plant large, coarse, terrestrial, scandent, ascending-creeping below, roots slender. Ramicauls

rate » .. prolif Pi aa } stout to slend » erect t b ect, 5-25 cm long, with a loose,

mbhoular cheah

tical, subacute to obtuse, the blade 6-9 cm |

) lender.

ig sk bout the base. erect, coriaceous, ellip-

1.2-2.7 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole ca. 1 cm

racemose, 1-3 s » Simultaneous, secund, densely and simultaneously many-

1 cred racemes, 10-22 cm long including the peduncle 3-6 em long, subtended by a foliaceous spatire

1-3 cm long, from an annulus 5 mm below the abscissi layer; floral t tubular, 4 mm long, enclos-

ing pedicel; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long: sepals light green, suffused with purple. fleshy,

i t within, the dorsal sepal ellipti “ovale, acute, concave, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

75 ma Connate tothe lateral sepals for 1.5-2 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, 5.5 mm long

1.75 mm wide, 3-v

ice

ined, connate 2 mm to near the middle; petals translucent greenish white, edged af

obtuse, 3 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined; lip purple, fleshy, oblong, 2.5 long,

h the dh th challaw)< } a nair aft Nl

2 J

1.5 mm wide, the apex P all,

calli the middle, the ba bel llus, firmly articulated with the bulbous tip

of the column-foot: column stout, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick, with the apex short, free, the anther, ros-

tellum and stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Narino: epiphytic in cloud forest surrounding a lake in the crater of Volcan

Galeras, alt. ca. 3200 m, 21 Jan. 1979, C. Luer & J. Luer 3749 (Holotype: SEL).

ramicaul are subtended by a foliaceous spathe. The sepals are connate below the

middle, pubescent within, the dorsal sepal concave and acute, the lateral sepals

recurving and also acute. The petals are three-veined. The lip is oblong with a pair

of low calli below the middle.

Pleurothallis gigas Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 20: 52, 1996. Fig. 26.

wine

Etymology: From the Greek gigas, “‘a giant,” refe to the large habit of the plant.

ee . Ramicauls stout, fascicu-

erect, cm 2 a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-5 large, loose imbri sh

about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical-ovate, acute, 18-33 cm long, 12-16 cm wide,

cuneate below into a conduplicate petiole 1-2 cm long. Inflorescence racemose, 5-10 racemes, 15-30 cm

Pee 2 Pe Se eee rs

a eg te ESL. &

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 29

long, erect, congested, y-fl d, produced simul ly in a fascicle, from a foliaceous spathe

3-4 cm long lus at th f th i tact wendelict a aieerlinitts er, floral

sini 2-2. 25 mm long; HOES 1.5-2 mm rrr ovary 1 mm long; sepals greenish or creamy white, ci-

liate, ovate, obtuse, minutely apiculate, the dorsal sepal concave, 3.5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide unexpand-

ek the lateral sepals es pestully fo0 84 ea ag anal 3-veined; petals translucent,

glabrous, obovate, obtuse, 2.25 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow-green, thick, oblong, 2

mm long, 1.25 mm wide, the blade obtuse, microscopic: aly sb gig the disc featureless, the base

broadly uid de d deeply stout, terete, 1.75 mm long, the

foot bulbous, cellular-put , the anther and Samrat

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Yarumal, terrestrial on the road-cut between Ventanas and

pe pre pie ies ei 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, S. Dalstrém & W. Teague 14152 (Holotype: MO),

trial on mevhigne=steyanaes e Yarumal, alt. 1700 m, 1 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer,

R. este & E. Valencia 10067 (MO); Munic of El Carmen de Viboral, above San Lorenzo, alt. 2500

m, 21 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer & W. Teague 14341 (MO).

This gigantic member of the subgenus Crocodeilanthe is locally a. in ate

northern parts of the Central Cordillera of Colombia. It grows into imm

on road-cuts and in the ditches. No plants were seen growing de ically. His is

distinguished by the great size of the ramicauls and leaves, some ramicauls reaching

well over one meter in height, and leaves far larger than a dinner plate. Numerous,

erect racemes of crowded, little, greenish white flowers are produced from a large

spathe below the petiole. The sepals are obtuse and ciliate, the petals are obovate

and obtuse, and the blade of the lip is oblong and microscopically pubescent. In

one locality, little, black flies were being attracted in fairly large numbers.

Pleurothallis infundibulosa Luer, Orquideologia 20: 210, 1996. Fig. 27.

Ety.: From the Latin infundibulosus, “with funnels,” referring t to the large, prominent, floral bracts.

Plant large, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls fasciculate, stout, erect, 15-29

cm long, with a tubular ar sheath near the m middle and 2-3 imbricating sheaths about the base. Leaf erect,

—— os sessile, sut btuse, 9-12 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, cuneate below into the

Infloresc an erect, stout, sublax, di stichous, simultaneously many-flowered raceme, up to 2

cm war including ‘a peduncle 7 cm pe: with the flowers erect, ‘semiclosed, subtended by. a folia-

ceous spathe 4-4.5 cm long, f

lar, 12 mm long low th

portion of the flower; se pndenle ®: mm long; ovary 2mm ‘Tong; on lemon pero na to shave

been suffused with a darker color ee the base), glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, narrowly —

concave, 10 mm long, 4 mm wide expanded, 3 3-veined (faintly and incompletely 7-veined), conn

the lateral sepals for 4 mm to form a cylindrical se sepaline tu tube, the lateral sepals oblong, narrowly ao

acute to obtuse, 10 mm long, connate 5 mm, 5 mm ther, each 4-veined; membranous,

translucent, broadly oblong elliptical pee mm long, 2.75 mm 1 wide, 3-(5-)veined, with the apex broadly

truncate- i the inn inner surface convex; lip amg ovate-oblong, 1 3 mm long, 2

the apex shall ly bilobed with the lobes 0 Lien cones ave between a ge r of low,

, the base truncate, fixed to the b f the col column stout, 1 mm long, the foot checkesoult,

a th. - at 2h. tL 4 Ar |

IA 1 fi st of Galan, Cerro Guicha, headwaters of Quebra-

pee alt. 8500 np cE 1944, NG. Fassett 25732 (Holotype: US), C. Luer illustr. 17080.

This species is known only from the original collection by N. C. Fassett in the

Eastern Cordillera with the Colombian Cinchona Mission in 1944. The species is

distinguished by the large habit; a sessile, elliptical leaf; a large, foliaceous spathe;

and an erect inflorescence with large, funnel-shaped, floral bracts that enclose the

pedicel, ovary and basal portion of each flower. The inconspicuous flowers with

barely parting sepals are held erect within the floral bracts. The petals are broad

and convex with the apex retuse. The lip is proportionately small with the apex

bilobed, and the usual calli within the margins near the middle.

30 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

jamesonii Lindl., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 21: sub t. 1797, 1835. Fig. 28.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. William Jameson of Quito, Ecuador, who fi p

Syn.: Pleurothallis foveata Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis, 31, 1859,

: the Latin foveatus, “with a small pit,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Humboldtia foveata (Lindl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia jamesonii (Lindl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sodiroi Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 14: 132. 1915.

Fty - N. ep fait, Al Ci en: f Quit ,E 4 . wh n 44h

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots coarse, numerous. seorparal

fasciculate, stout, erect, 8-35 cm long, with a long, tubular sheath near the middle, and 2-3 tubular,

imbricati base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, the blade 8-12

om long, 2-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 0.5-1 cm long. ce racemose, racemes

to 4 simultaneous, secund, densely and simultaneously many-flowered, 12-25 cm long including the

by a sp: mm long annulus just below oeypssane

layer; floral bracts 3 mm long, enclosing the pedicel and ovary; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary

long; sepals white to pale yellow or rose, sometimes suffused with purple, subcarinate, minutely pubes-

cent above the middle, the d sal sepal elliptical, subacute, concave, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide unexpanded,

3-veined, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, subacute to obtuse, 5.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate 1,5 tal: i sometim ined in purple, . 3.5 mm long, 1.75 mm

wide, 3-veined; lip white, yellow or purple, fleshy, trilobed, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the middle lobe

ovate, subacute, convex, decurved, the lateral lobes below the middle, erect, obtuse, pyramidal, the disc

1 Y, articulated with the end of

the column-foot; column stout, 1 mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long with the tip free, bulbous, the

anther, rostellum and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: “*Ravines of Pichincha, valley of Lloa on trees,”’ April 1855, W.

Jameson s.n. (Holotype: ‘ : AMES); Valley of Lloa, 21 Jan. 1856, W. Jameson 482 (AMES, G);

Quito, 1847, Jameson 62 (W); Quito, H. Karsten s.n. (W); Valley of Loa, alt, 8,000 ft., Col. Hall s.n.

San Juan and Chirit alt. 2800 m, 3 May 1955, E. Asplund 16200, 16204 (AMES, C, G

a 900 m, 7 June 1967, B. Sparre 1 (

00 m, 20 May 1982, B. M. Boom J.L. Luteyn 1478

m, 23 July 1984, C. H. Dodson, A , W. 7 & J. Zaruma 14332 (MO); same area. alt. 3100

m, 28 May 1988, &A Hirtz 13690 (K, MO); east of Salcedo, alt. 3500 m, 2 Nov. 1979, C.

)

sodiroi destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: BR: i : G, QPLS). Cotopoxi: above Pilalo,

between Quevedo an Latacunga, alt. 3200-3300 m, 8 Apr. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B.

i & B. Dilgaard 3276 (AAU, AMES); same area, alt. 3200 m, July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S,

Wilhelm 864 (SEL). Imbabura: between Otavalo and Selva Alegre via Lago Cuicocha, alt. 2950 m, 20

Mar. 1986, C. 7. Dodson, A. & X. Hirtz 16402 (K, MO). Bolivar: north of G: toward Facundo

Vela, alt. 2800 m, 24 Mar. 1984, C. Luer. A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrém, T. Hoijer & J Kuijt 9689 (MO); pass

0 m, 25 Mar, 984, C. Luer, A. Hi 4 im, oyer & J. Kuijt 9722

(MO); same area, 11 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstram & L Arnby 1314 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 1 El

Chorro, above Molleturo, alt. 2800-2900 m, 7 Mus. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 22864 (AMES,

GB); west of the pass beyond Zorrogucho, alt. 2800 m, 15 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W.

Flores & A. Embree 11788 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Alto del Duende, paramo, alt. 3300 m, 1 Dec. 1944, J. Cuatrecasas 18794

(AMES, NY, US). Nariiio: subparamo forest east of La Victoria, alt. 3300 m, 4 Nov. 1979, C. Luer, J.

&A. EL).

PERU: San Martin: Dist. Huallaga, valley of Rio Apisoncho, 30 Km above J alt. 2800 m, 18

July 1965, A. C. Hamilton & P.M. Holligan 1015 (K); same area, alt. 3100 m, 27 Aug. 1965, A. C.

lton & P.M. Holligan 1295 (K); same area, alt. 2800 m, 18 July 1965, A. C. Hamilton & P. M.

Holligan 1018 (AMES, K).

This species is relatively frequent through both sides of the Andes of Ecuador

and adjacent Colombia. Among the species of this subgenus, P. jamesonii is char-

acterized by a few long, secund racemes of small flowers borne from a narrow,

erect spathe at the base of a petiolate leaf. The finely pubescent sepals and the

three-veined, obtuse petals are similar to those seen in many allied species, but the

lip POSSesses a convex, apical lobe and a pair of pyramidal calli on the disc contigu-

Ous with lateral lobes below the middle. Similar modifications

the lips of two Closely related species: P avirostris and P. pr

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 31

assim S jurisdixii | Luer & Escobar, Se emmernk - 64, 1996. Fig. 29.

was discovered.

nt medium in size son ne © subgenus, epiphytic, caespitose; note ee pees erect,

slender, ear a ong, with a ig sheaths

coriaceous, oblong, obtuse, 7-9 cm long sah a sore lcm Tong, 1.5-2

w into the nie Inflorescence a single, gsc % sabeccene, sie eously

several- flowered raceme 10-12 cm g the p 2, pa

tL . i ay 2 Se 2 5-3 mm

long. enclosing pedicel; Pl 1 5-2 mm ee ovary 1 3 mm a sepals light yellow- green, subcar-

Pp 1, obtuse » with the apex rounded, 5 mm long, 3

mm emi 3-veined, tially f, f; the lateral P pp » elliptical,

obtuse, 3 mm long, mm wide, 3-veined, connate 3 tals ligt ith

margins, baer obtuse, ig ile mm long, 15 pine wide, 3-veined; cs rene with thin

purple margin mim lon; angular, t narrow ly rounded, the di disc deeply

fixed to the col foot; column st t, 1.75 mm eng the foot thick, the anther, 1 rostellum and stigma

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Paramo de Jurisdicciones, alt. 2100 m, 10 May 1984, C.

Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10211 (Holotype: MO).

This species from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia is related to the numerous

species allied to P. velaticaulis, but it is distinguished from the latter by the slender

habit; an oblong, petiolate leaf; a slender spathe two centimeters long; a subsecund

raceme about as long as the leaf; gaping flowers with obtuse floral parts; and an

ovate-triangular, concave lip with a pair of pyramidal calli that overlap the margin,

and a triang

Pleurothallis laevigata Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 106, 1845. Fig. 30., 31.

Ety.: From the Latin laevigatus, “‘smooth,” referring to the spathe.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hartwegii Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 106, 1845, not 1842.

Ety.: Named in honor of its collector, Karl Theodor Hartweg.

Syn.: Humboldtia hartwegii (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia laevigata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis lamprochlamys Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 130, 1915.

Ety.: From the Greek ee a shiny cloak,” in allusion to the sheaths.

Syn.: Pleurothallis conchopetala Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8:57, 1921.

Ety.: From the Greek pn er aa ‘a shell like eed referring to the concave

Plant to large, coarse, ep 1, di caespitose; roots coarse, numerous

Ramicauls fascicul tout to slender, erect, 10-45 cm long, with a loose, tubular sheath near the middle

and 2-3 loose. imbricating sh sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, thickly , elliptical, subacute to

obtuse, 8-20 < cm long, 3-8 cm wide, cuneate below | into a sessile we Inflorescence i to many,

simultaneous, more or less secund, densely and wered racemes, 10-30 cm long

including the peduncle 2-5 cm long, subtended by. a ‘broad, een pate 2-5 cm long, from an

d, 4-6 losing pedicel and ovary;

ed in

pedicels 2-4 mm long; ovary 2-2.5 mm Tong; sepals yellow to purple, more or "ees ss veined or sutton

brown or per. subcarinate, ciliate, variously p 1 elliptical-

ovate, subacute to obtuse, concave, 6-10 mm long, 3-5 mm wide ane 3-veined, connate to the

lateral sepals re 2-3 mm, the lateral sepals more of less decurved near the middle, oblong, subacute to

see 5-8 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to near the middle; translucent, veined in

elliptical ohovate

Sim wide » Sve li ellow to e, fleshy, broadly obl Roden thee ae -3.5 mm lon

3.5 mm w ro es ani the i the —_ broadly obtuse, - disc shallowly

with a midline third call

YS £ ee Oe iddl

belo ie, O

near the apex, the base concave > hala a corved, trans verse cilia, ies, Geil to the column-foot; column

stout, 22:5 long, the foot thick, 1 mm long with the apex short and thick, the anther, rostellum and

stigma subapical.

32 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ft.,

16366; Sotara, above Po-

W), C. Luer illustr. 16367;

Urrao

et al.

GB); east of

W. Teague 13365 (MO).

C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

4 Feb. 1985, G.

Mar. 19 . Luer, S.

19 Apr.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 33

concave and three-veined. The lateral sepals are more or less reflexed near the

middle. The petals are broad, rounded at the apex and three-

The fleshy lip is broadly oblong, to ovate, more or less dilated below the middle

with erect sides. The apex is broadly obtuse with the tip not decurved. The center

of the lip is shallowly concave between a pair of rounded calli below the middle

that are more or less continuous with the curved basal carina above the basal cavity.

A third callus is sometimes present medially near the apex. This callus is present on

the type of the species as well as on the type of P. hartwegii, but it has proved to be

frequently absent. Instead of being movably articulated, the concave base is firmly

ankylosed to the bulbous tip of the column-foot as it is in P. cassidis.

The lip of P. cassidis is proportionately broader with the apex decurved, and the

pair of calli are located above the middle. Intermediate forms are encountered,

sometimes making a determination less than positive,

Pleurothallis laevis Luer a Hirtz, , SP. NOV. Fig. 32.

Ety.: From eh mS A a. Ee

Species es haec P. stg 28) Lind affinis, sabaecti buts acesliives om defteaie ot label

lo majore subplano ecall

Plant large, stag sesamin caespitose; roots numerous, slender. Ramicauls fasciculate, stout,

erect, 10-22 cm d 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths

— the —, lates erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, the blade 12-14 cm long, 3.5-6 cm wide,

eate w into a subpetiolate cage Inflorescence racemose, the racemes 3 “ 6, simultaneous,

slender, more re or les goaear densely an any-flowered, 20-25 cm long including the

6 cm long, subtend vii antag 3-4 em long, from an annulus et pa ina

abscission a floral bracts inflated, oP mm long, vary; pedicels 1.5 mm long;

vary 1.5 mm long; sepals cream-colored with . purple dots, especially along the veins, subcarinate,

pian the | sepal elliptical-ovate, subacute, concave, 7-9 mm long, 6 mm wide sip eh 3-

veined, the lateral = _— oblique, prene 7-9 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1.5 mm;

petals translucent, veined in purple, elliptical ate, 5.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex

obtuse, thickened; lip rere suffused with mos Hey, chovats, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the apex

obtuse, d bove, the disc broadly shallowly concave ‘and

mooth, wi a callus, the t narrow, t

solidly = to ets column-foot; column in 4mm long, the foot thick, 2 mm long, the anther,

ubapical.

ECUADOR: Bolivar: cloud forest west of Guaran to Puebloviejo, alt. 2600 m, 26 Mar.

1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, S. gets T. Héijer on ri ‘a oe rious ie wet, ranted forest

west of Guaranda, alt 2600 m, 1990, S. D. Om & Araby 1334 (Mi terrestrial on the road cut

a 3150 m, 13 3 Mar 1991, C. Luer, A. cme 15023 (MO).

This species, apparently endemic in southeast-central Ecuador, is closely allied

to the variable P. laevigata-complex. With the large habit with a large spathe, the

two concepts are indistinguishable vegetatively. A similar rash of racemes reaches

beyond the leaf. Pleurothallis laevis is distinguished by the totally glabrous flow-

ers, and lateral sepals that are not deflexed near the middle. The lip is larger,

obovate and without any callus. The obtuse apex is decurved.

Pleurothallis laminata Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 33.

4% From the Latin lamina a ene

necies haec P ligulatae 1 indl . affinis 4 jori purp , sepalis acutis intus

pubescentibus, rf bilaminato distin

oF ai _

34 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Dient din: +

RRR poe ie re h itose; roots slender. Ramicauls suffused with purple,

8 cm long, with a long, tubular sheath al the middle, and 2-3 imbricating

papa)? tiene opt ee ee ae narrowly elliptical,

£O os : +. 3°

; oe

petiola g g the slender petiole 1.5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm

wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single, subsecund, subdense, simultaneously

several-fl 18 cm long including the peduncle 9 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe

1.5 cm long; floral bracts infundibular, 5-6 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals

purple, densely short-pubescent within, the di 1 E l ovat acute, concave, 10-12 mm long, 5mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical-oblong, acute, oblique, 10-11 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate 4-5 mm; petals 1 , ovate, narrowly e, 4-5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-

d: lip le. ellintical-chi 14

vein ae a eae 1 aay

8. the middle, 3-4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

the apex broadly rounded, the di lightl t ll, broadly rounded calli just within the

aias below the middle, with a trensvedes callus above a small basal cavity, articulated with the

column-foot; column stout, 1.75 mm long, the base thickened, pedestal-like, the anther, rostellum and

stigma subapical.

ECU ja: epiphytic in elfin forest at the pass t Loja and Saraguro, alt. 2950 m, collected

Jan. 1992, flowered in cultivation by P. & J. Jesup in Bristol, CT, 21 May 1992, C. Luer 16247 (Holo-

type: MO’ is leading into Rio Collay, north of Sevilla de Oro, alt. 7,000-8,300 ft., 27

Aug. 1945, W. H. Camp E-4990 (NY), C. Luer illustr 17069.

This species is related to the widely distributed group of species identified

herein as P. ligulata. Pleurothallis laminata is characterized by the medi i

habit with a thick, rigid, elliptical, petiolate leaf, acute at the apex and suffused with

purple. The solitary inflorescence of comparatively large, gaping, purple flowers,

Surpasses the leaf twice its length. The Sepals are acute and shortly pubescent

within, and the petals are ovate with a narrowly obtuse apex. The li is oblong with

a tall, thin, broadly rounded lamella within each margin of the basal half

1920.

Ety.: A new name for P. endotrachys, in honor of its collector, Consul Lehmann.

Syn.: Pleurothallis endotrachys Lehm. & Krzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 439, 1899, not Rchb.f. 1876.

Ety.: the Greek endotrachys, “rough within,” referring to the pubescent sepals.

Pleurothallis lehmanniana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 235,

ig. 34.

Plant very large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots numerous, coarse. Ramicauls fascicul

40-65 cm long, with a loose, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-4 large

cori

ate, erect,

sheaths

licate peti A ence racemose, racemes numerous, 15-

20 cm long, erect, congested, many-flowered, produced simul ly in a fascicle, a broad, folia-

1.5-2 cm long, with an annulus at the apex of the ramicaul, 2-3 mm below the abscissi

-) mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals yellowish, suffused

i i dorsal se

disc concave, with a transverse callus above the basal Cavity, articu-

the foot bulbous, free from the ovary,

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Paramo de Guanacas, alt. 3000-3400 m, F.C. Lehmann 4510 (Holotype of P.

‘achys Presumably destroyed at B, Neotype here designated: C. Luer 12552: MO); subparamo

forest, Péramo de illas, alt. 3070 m, 27 July 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar et al. 3029 (SEL).

Narino: epiphytic in dwarf forest near the pass between Pasto and La Cocha, alt. 50 m, 27 Jan. 1987,

C. Luer, J. Luer & C. Dodson 12552 (MO). Putumayo: epiphytic in cloud forest between La Cocha and

Sibundoy, alt. 2700 m, 4 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar et al. 3152 (SEL).

ECUADOR: Sucumbios: between Tulcan and E] Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 7 July 1990, C. H. Dodson, E.

Hagsater, D. Rubio & N. Rivera 18405 (MO).

een large member of the subgenus is found locally in southern Colombia and

northe i

mmost Ecuador. It is distinguished by the great size of the ramicauls and

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 35

ovate, shortly petiolate leaves. Fascicles of numerous, erect racemes of small,

yellowish brown flowers are produced from a thick spathe. The sepals are obtuse,

ciliate and pubescent; the narrowly oblong petals are three-veined; and the lip is

oblong with an erect pair of callous-thickened lobes just above the middle that

cannot be spread, and with an obtuse, transversely callous middle lobe.

Pleurothallis ligulata Lindl., Folia a Pleurothallis 29, 1859. Fig. 35.

Ety.: From the Latin ligulatus, “ligulate,”

Syn.: Humboldtia ligulata (Lindl.) Kuntze, —— Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis chlamydopus Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 103, 1920.

Ety.: From the Greek chlamydopus, “clothed foot,” referring to the sheathed base of the ramicaul.

Syn.: Pleurothallis patula Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni hed Beih. 7: 110, 1920. Fig. 36.

Ety.: From the Latin patulus, “‘patulous,” referring to the flowe:

Syn.: Pleurothallis slinroan Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni ei Beih. 27: 50, 1924, not Lindl.

Ety.: From the Latin nubigenus, “bome Pf clouds,” referring to the habitat.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hopfiana Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 164, 1924. Fig. 37.

Ety.: mew for the German sete H. Hopf.

Syn.: Pleurothallis atacasana Luer, Phytologia 46, — 1980.

Ety.: Monee for Volcan Fatt a ie the species w

di strial, ascending, densely caespitose; roots

slender. Ramicauls raga aig rine age nik 3-30 cm shores with a _— appressed, tubular sheath

near the middle, and 2-3 imbricating sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical,

e, subacute to narrowly obtuse, hate, the blade 4-13 cm long, 0. en cm m wide, cuneate roads into

a petiole 1-2 cm long. Inflorescence 1-3 di se

— racemes, stig? cm long including | the peduncle 1-5 cm long, s subtended by a sl slender spate os. 5-

15 ong, from annulus ca. 1 cm below

long; sales 2- cn mm shone. ovary 2-3 mm long; sepals y yellow, ti marked with ee or

le, subcarinate, api £ ly ithin, the

sepal ovate, subacute, concave, 3-9 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical-oblong,

obtuse, oblique, 3-8 mm long, 1.5-2.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1-2 mm; petals translucent, broadly

elliptical-obovate, rounded at the apex, 2-4 mm long, 1.75-3.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow or purple,

elliptical-ovate, slightly dilated below the middle with the sides incurved, 2- 3. 25 mm n long, 1 15-2. 5 mm

wide, the apex broadly rounded, tl g variously with

calli absent), the disc slightly conca b svece, banal cavity, articulat-

ed with the base of a vestigial ctmertad column stout, 1.5-2 mm ions the ran rostellum and

stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Without locality, W. Jameson (Stelis No. 2) s.n. (Holotype: K). Carchi: “eon de Boliche,

Voladero, alt. 3800 m, 13 June 1939, C. W. Penland & R. H. Summers 920 (AMES), 1

and Tulcan, alt. 3450 m, 14 May 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. Léjtnant &B. pyrene 5247

(AAU, AMES, K, S); between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 6 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A

Hirtz & W. Flores 11069 (MO); same area, alt. 3200 m, 7 July 1990, C. H. Dodson, E. ee gee D.

: : o

Andrade and Playon de en Francisco, alt. 3600 m, Aug. 1990, A. Hirtz, x Hirtz, J. del Hierro : .

Sarmiento 4 949 (MO); same area, alt. 3300 m, 22 Mar. 1991, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz, J. del Hierro

Ortega 5293 (MO); west of the pass between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 3400 m 2 Apr. 1984, C. pete

S. Dalstrim & T. Héijer 9882, 9883 f the Bass eet

Tuleén and Maldonado, alt. 3400 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & Hierro

15060 (MO); epiphytic in subparamo forest between El Angel and Tulcan, alt. 3350 m, 5 age ny ce.

Luer, J. . A. Hirtz “" rx. Hirtz 11063 (MO). Sucumbios: south of Sta. Barbara, alt. 2 4 Apr.

1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim & T. Héijer 9975 (MO), gs a. Barbara, alt. 2860 m, 8 int 1990, CH.

ny : SEL). N between Peyeibets and Resse, st. 200m riz &

& M. Thurston 14259 (M (MO); Guacamayo Range between Tena and Baeza, 2150 m, 13 Apr. 1985,

36 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11261 (MO), Cuyuja, between Quito and Baeza, alt. 2450 m, 29 i

1986, C. H. Dodson & T. A. Dodson 16425 (MO). Morona-Santiag, t of p igsig,

my! Atenas 15 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13363 (MO). Caiiar:

above Taday, alt. 3000 m, 4 Apr. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 13144 (AMES, GB). Azuay:

“paramos”’ Andinum occi , ca, 3900 m, July 1876, E. André 464] (K); near San Marcos

1945, col , W. H. Camp E-

mip rears pea ees S Sept. 1967, B. Sparre 18554, 18570 (S); above

Sayausi, alt. 3000-3200 m, 18 Mar 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 12608 , GB); west of

Sayausi, alt. 3300 m, 4 Feb. 1982, G Harling et 0206 (, , GB); ,

3400 m, 6 1985, G. Harling & L. , 22828 (AMES, GB); Paramo de Tinajillas,

, alt. 3300 m, 3 Feb. 1982, G. Harling et al. 20158 (AMES, GB); same area, 29 Jan.

1988, U. Molau, B - Fredrikson 2 U, GB); new rrogucho, alt. 3450

m, 16 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalsirém, T. Héijer & J. Kuijt 9518 (MO); above Lago Zorrogucho, alt

3200 m, 15 Feb. 1986, C Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A Embree 11786 (MO). Lo trial

: on the

alt. ca. 2500 m, 2 Mar. 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1537 (SEL); above

Jimbura, alt. 3350 m, 21 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer & J. Kuijt 9649 (MO). Zamora-

Chinchipe: terrestrial, Paramos del occidente de Saraguro, alt. 2500 m, 10 Mar. 1947, R. Espinosa 1420

(AMES), between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2750 m, 19 Apr. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. Lgjtn-

ant & B. Dligaard 3847, 385] (AAU, S); Cajanuma Range, alt. 2750 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10737 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: around Bogota, alt. 2000-2300 m, 1921, H. Hopf. s.n. (holotype of P.

destroyed at B); epiphytic in subparamo forest below Paéramo de Jurisdicciones, alt. 3130 m,

11 Nov. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer,R. Escobar & D. Portilla 6658 (neotype for P. hopfiana here :

SEL); same area, alt. 3150 m, 10 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10248 (MO);

of Bogoté, 7 Nov. 1916, M. T. Dawe 314 (K); Guasca, Los Gaques, alt. 3000 m, 24 Apr. 1932,

Cuatrecasas 2 (K); i de Bogota, Quebrada del Rosal, alt. 3200 m, 29 June 1939, J. Cuatre-

casas 5712 (COL, US); Quebrada del Chicé, alt. 2700-3200 m, 3 June 1943, M. Schneider 144 (AMES).

Cauca: without locali

ty, alt. 2000 m, M. Madero s.n. ( of P. chlamydopus destroyed at B);

naseds AMES. Great alt 1500-1800 m, F.C. Lehmann 4508 (nectype for Pohlomeds nae re desi

3 3 i ity, M. F

508 (neotype for P. patula M

AMES); Péramo de Las Papas, alt. 3490 m, 11 Oct. 1958, H. G. Barclay & P. Vuajibioy 6035 (AMES).

Narifo: ona volcano near Pasto, alt. 3000-4000 m, Mar. 1921, W. Hopp 30 (holotype of P. nubigena

destroyed at B); Tiiquerres, forests of Chaquilulu and Chillanguas, alt. 3000-3300 m, F. C. Lehmann

OP 4 fn a £ Dp bh? i 2. + 4 Moe. : NY, U

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: deserted old road from Cochaban te to Villa Tunati, alt. 3150 m, 1 Feb. 1997,

C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague 18363 (MO).

This species is treated as a morphologically variable species-complex of interre-

lated taxa that exhibit all combinations of variations of the specific characters. It is

frequent in the Andes from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia into southern

- No correlation can be made with the lip

and the other floral parts or vegetative morphology. Marked deviations are rec-

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 37

ognized as distinct species (i.e. P. laminata, P. patateénsis, P. pellucida, and P.

pennelliana). Other species (i.e. P. atacasana) have been judged to be too similar

to maintain separately. Several species described by Schlechter that fit within the

above description are difficult to assess because the holotypes were destroyed at

Berlin, and no isotypes have been found. These species (P. chlamydopus, P. hop-

fiana, P. patula and P. nubigena) are included here in synonymy.

Pleurothallis ligulata is sympatric with another common species, P. pulchella,

which is similar both vegetatively and florally. The latter is distinguished by

narrower, single-veined petals, and an ovate-trilobed lip (type B) with distinct

marginal calli on the lateral lobes.

Pleurothallis mandonii Rchb.f., Xenia Orch. 3: 24, 1878. Fig. 38

Ety © ed » fr LA. A oe 7 . |) aos b4 ae Lt 1856 and 1861.

Syn.: Humboldtia mandonii (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891.

Plant medium in size, shortly repent, with the rhizome stout up to 10 cm long, 0.5-2 cm es bet-

ta ekg — ranching, enclosed by produced along the

. Ramicauls ascending to erect, separate, not fasciculate, slender, 5-14 cm long, with a ‘tibiae

aan near he middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, re ~ to

subacute, petiolate, the 4-9 cm long, 1. 5-2 cm wide, cuneate below into a slender petiole 1-1.5 ong.

solit tary, su ublax, di d 1, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, “ 3 cm

d 2 d the 1-1.5 cm long, s

below the abscission ce floral bracts a 4-5 mm long: pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2mm

long; sepals yellow, ciliate, pubescent within, the dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, concave, 4.5-5 mm long, 2

mm , 3-veined, the Iaeral sepals a ei acute, 4 .5-5 mm long, connate 2.5 mm, 3 mm wide

together, each 3-veined t the ti 73s own tone, Vs 1 mm wide, 3

veined; lip fleshy, ae trilobed from near arte vidal, | 1 5-2. 4 mm 1 long, 1.25 mm wide, the apical

lobe roi een erect, rounded, ¥ , concave

between, the bas concavity, articulated with the end of the

column-foot; 8 ie stout, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long, ‘the anther, rostellum and stigma

subapical.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Larecaja, vicinity of Sorata, Lancho de Cochipata, in scopulis, Mt. Iampu, alt.

3300 m, Jan. 1860, Mandon 1129 (lectotype: W, isotypes: AMES, BM, G, K, S), C. Luer illustr. 18521,

Nor Yungas, Chuspipata, alt. 3000 m, 21 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vésquez et al. 15362 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in the Yungas of Bolivia where it was first

collected by Mandon in the nineteenth century. He made many specimens of his

1129 which are distributed among the major herbaria of the world. However, not

one has an open flower. The most mature bud that could be found was hydrated

and illustrated. A second collection was recently made also in the Yungas of north-

olivia.

Pleurothallis mandonii is characterized by a shortly creeping and ascending

rhizome, erect ramicauls, and an oblong, petiolate leaf. The raceme, about as long

as the leaf, is subtended by a slender spathe. The sepals are minutely ciliate, in

common with many other species of the subgenus. The petals are oblong with a

single vein, but three-veined below the middle. The lip is three-lobed above the

middle with the anterior margins of the lobes thickened.

Other repent members of the subgenus include P. orectopus and P. scansor with

much more elongated rhizomes.

38 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

wnat ei ine 140, 1976. Fig. 39.

Ety.: From the Latin maximus. ermng to the large number of flowers.

Plant ic to terrestrial, pen caespitose; roots slender. ate, stout,

erect, on long, with a loose, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths

about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse or rounded at the apex, the

. , 5-10 cm wide, broadly te below i bpetiolate t ence a

melden ee ee

many-~ 15-30 cm long including the peduncle 2-6 long, subtended by a foliaceous spathe 2-

4.5 cm long Pe ad a 2 2 one bt we dibular, Fes

broadly i

2.5 mm long, » enclosing pedicel and ovary; pedicels 1 mm long: ovary 1- -1.5 mm long; sepals brownish

al-ovate,

or yellowish veined in purple, subcarinate, shortly and and sparsely ciliate, the dorsal sepal elliptic

subacute to nna ete 4-6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm mm wide unexpanded, 3-veined, free from the laterals,

the lateral sepals ov. co a ©, 3-veined, connate > Jess than 1 mm;

petals translucent with the I apex, 2.75-3.5

mm long, 1-2 mm wide, fea lip yellow or suffused with ovoid-trilobed, 2-3

= 1.5-1.75 mm wide, heap obs ove, subacute to obtuse, the later lobes thick, _—

near the middle, the disc shallowly ‘ge ca’ “

bus, the bse tranea ance large, bulbous tip of the column-foot: column st 1.3 mm

long, the foot bulbous at the tip, 1 mm | g with the apex fi d bulbous, the anther, rostellum and

stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: forest along the old road toad between Chiriboga an oe alt. 1500 m,

17 Aug. 1975, flowered in vation 6 Feb. 1976, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 651 (Hi : SEL);

samme meas 1200 1 Te, 1991, C. H. M. Whitten & A.

(MO); een Calacali

and La Liberia, alt. 2250 m, 7 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim, T. Héijer & A. Hirtz 10003 (MO). El

cloud

Oro: forest above alt. 1800 m, 23 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A.

Embree 12022 (MO Carchi: epiphytic in rest above Maldonado, alt. 2300 m, 14 Jan. 1992, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz, J. del Hierro et al. 16016 (MO).

Senge ——

occidentale,” alt. 1800 m, 10 Dec. 18997, E. Langlassé 99-6 (K), C. Luer

illustr. 16387. A: , Alto de Cuevas, »alt. 1220-2150 m, 7 June 1989, J. L. Luteyn & &S,

spon’ 13209 ¢ (NY), CL a illustr. 17066.

This large species, found from central Colombia into central Ecuador, is similar

to the many-flowered P batillacea and P. fons- Slorum, but it is distinguished from

them by subpetiolate leaves and single-veined petals. It is also similar to the single-

veined P. galeata, but P. maxima is distinguished by subpetiolate leaves and much

longer racemes. It is also distinguished from P. galeata by the absence of a distinct

callus on both lateral and apical lobes of the lip.

eurothallis molleturoi Luer & Dodson, sp. n Fig.

acer Named for the comm community of Molleturo in jones Ecuador where the Species was a

Inter sneci

racemibus | paucis i es s

rie cling: 2 ht Ze aon 1 soe sieclnn

robecqualbs floribus camosis omit, sepalis acutis, petalis

nt large, coarse, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls fasci asciculate, —_

erect, 20-23 cm long, witha loose, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 loo. ose, imbricating sheath

about the base. Leaf ere rect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 11-12 cm oe — a its 525 en cm

long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the ole. Inflorescen: 1-2 con , Simultaneously

many-flowered racemes, more or less distichous i

subtended by a slender spathe 2 cm long, from an below the abscission layer; floral

oblique, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; flowers non-resupinate; sepa’

yellow, 4 Carinate, narrowly , concave, with the wly incurved, the middle

ve sale mm wide, oP pas

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 39

long, ioe veined; lip yellow, ovate, tel png ali the apex narrowly obtuse, sa

oe dly

wly

£ nheon] Ih calli oot. ok. 1

» and with a narrow, trans-

verse 3 callus above the base, pecans concave below, ‘thal t fle y

2mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long anther, tell A att ene, Se

ECUADOR: pigs between Cuenca and Molleturo, alt. ca. 2800 m, 21 fuly 1985, C. H.

Dodson, P.M. Dodson, T. Dodson & A. Embree 15941 (Holotype: MO).

This large species, apparently endemic in southwestern Ecuador, is character-

ized by comparatively slender ramicauls and a few multiflowered racemes shorter

than the long-petiolate, elliptical leaf. The small, non-resupinate flowers are fleshy

and thickly carinate. The petals are comparatively large, obtuse, and three-veined.

The lip is ai with the usual pair of calli barely visible within the margin just

below

Pleurothallis moritzii Rchb. a Linnaea 22: tiga, este Fig. 41.

who discovered this species.

ie Humboldtia moritzii (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. ee aa 668, 1891.

Plant medium in size to large, coarse, epiphytic to terrestrial, densely caespitose; roots slender,

numerous. Ramicauls fasciculate, stout, erect, 7-30 cm long, with a loose, tubular sheath near the middle

and 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths about the base. Leaf as coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to. obtuse,

Se ee te below into th bpetiolat hortly p

In 1, re | md 1

more or less di is

tichous, 8-15 cml g including the peduncl 2-3 cm long g, stewed by 2 compeesed opt 1.53.5 cx

long, f: toa th ted, infundibular, 4-5

mm long, enclosing the pedicel; ites 73 man kgs ovary 1.5-2.5 mm long; sepals y rages sere

inate, minutely ciliate, p

narrowly obtuse, concave, 6-9 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, 3. -veined (sometimes with a partial, © ditional

pair), connate to the lateral sepals for 1-2 mm, the lateral hegeae Senos eet gin, ahnewe, 69 sme

long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 2 ranous, b elliptical,

obtuse, concave, tn og, 225 man wie ep, vane lon triangular, 2.5 mm long,

1.5mm basal angles erect, rounded, the disc

shallowly d th bets i is deat re below the middle, and

with a narrow, transverse callus above the base, n: arrowly concave below, the base truncate, inflexibly

attached to the column-foot; ee. 1- a, the foot thick, 1 mm long with the apex short,

thick, pubescent, with the anthe

VENEZUELA: Aragua: near Colonia Tovar, Mar. 1848, J.W.K. Moritz 854 es W); Henri

ittier National Park, Pico Guacama ya, alt 1725 m, 11 Feb. 1990, KS S. Edwards et al. 178 (K), C. Luer

illustr. 17283. Bolivar: Chimanta Massif, Apacara-tepui, al! 2200-2300 m, 20 Jane 1953, J. A. Steyer-

se 75839 (AMES, NY); Cerro Venamo, dwarf rain Pe alt. 4,500 ft., July 1964, — “ —

ille 884; Meseta del Jaua, Cerro Jaua, alt. 2250 m, 27 Feb. 1974, J. A. Si

é C. Brewer-Carias 109561 (AMES, K, VEN), C. Luer illustr. 16383; Churi-tepui, x "2050: m, | "Reb.

1953, J.J. Wurdack 34280 (AMES, NY), C. Luer illustr. 17065. Terr. Fed. Amazonas: Atabapo, alt.

2520- 0.2650 m, 26 Feb. 19 ‘A. Steyermark I 130790 (NY); Cerro Marahuaca, alt. 2520-2650 m, 26 Feb.

1985, J.A. rehaaame! ey Holst ar (MO), C. Luer illustr. 17020; same area, alt. 2555 m, 25-26

EC JADOR : Ages eae cekal wh forest aoe slopes near Sayausi, 1981, Oxford Expedition

to Las — ob 5 (B) C. Luer illustr. 1 16586.

This species was first collected in the coastal mountains of Venezuela by the

German collector Moritz, but it is more frequently found in the forested interior of

the state of Bolivar. A disjunct collection is known from southeastern Ecuador.

Examinations of plants from all areas reveal no significant difference. The type-

specimen in Reichenbach’s herbarium at W (Vienna) is pitiful and incomplete

without a flower; Reichenbach’s sketch, however, clearly shows ee and

floral details that agree with plants found today in the same c moun

Vegetatively, P. moritzii is characterized by stout, fascicled es with

40 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

loose sheaths at the base and another near the middle. The leaves are elliptical and

subpetiolate, sometimes shortly petiolate. From a large spathe the few, elongate,

simultaneously several- to many-flowered racemes emerge. The sepals are connate

only near the base, and pubescent within above the middle; the three-veined Petals

are thi broadly lliptical and c , and the f porti ly small lip is triangu-

lar and narrowly obtuse, with a small pair of calli below the middle.

Pleurothallis nivalis Luer, Selbyana 1: 420, 1976. Fig. 42.

Ety.: From the Latin nivalis, “snowy, or frosty,” referring to the snow white flowers.

Plant large, epiphytic to terrestrial, densely caespitose; roots coarse, numerous. Ramicauls fascicu-

late, stout, erect, 10-30 cm long, mostly concealed by large, loose, tubular, imbricating sheaths. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, ellipti obtuse, petiolate, the blade 10-15 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, cuneate below into

@ petiole ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescence racemose, | 4 si -

ly many-flowered es, 25-35 cm long i

ie i. .?

4-5 mm hel

to 4 simultaneous, secund, subdensely s

the peduncle 5-10 cm long, subtended bya broad

spathe 2-3.5 cm long below

mm i mm long; ovary 2.5-3 mm long: sepals pubes-

cent above the middle, ovate, narrowly obtuse, the dorsal sepal concave, 6.5-8 mm long, 3.5-4.5 mm

3-veined, the lateral sepals » apiculate, 6.5-8 mm long, oblique, 2.5-

3.5 wide, connate below

the middle, each 3-veined; petals translucent with a few purple spots,

concave, 4.5-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-vei ; lip white with a few purple dots,

Be ct a. tucbed below the middle, 5.5-4 mum long, 2.5-3 mana wide, the apical itd overt cen

the lateral lobes erect, broadly rounded, deeply cleft | ith calli ding from tt J

onto the anterior lot

n rd lateral s

the basal cavity continuous with tt ntral cleft, articulated with the end of the

rostellnn ead saan stout, 3mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long with the bulbous tip few the wots

rostellum and stigma subapical.

§ Man 197s, eat terestial onthe edge ofthe paramo between Pilalo and Latacunga, al. 3500 m,

5 Mar. 1975, C. Luer & R. Kent 290 (Holotype: SEL); same area, 14 Feb. 1963, C. H. Dodson & L. B.

i SEL); above Pilalo,

3000

Pichincha: Proyecto Agua Potable, near Yana

m, 9 Mar. 1996, S. Dalstrém & J. del Hierro 2086 (MO). Bolivar: epiphytic in cloud forest Temnant

west of Salinas, alt. 3400 m, 10 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et al., 14949 (MO).

This pretty species occurs at high altitudes on the western Slopes of the Andes of

and three-veined: and the lip is three-lobed, the anterior lobe triangular, the lateral

lobes rounded and erect, and with the disc deeply cleft.

rectopus Luer, Selbyana 3: 356, 1977,

Greek orectopus, “a stretched out foot,” referting to the creeping rhizome.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic to terrestrial, repent, with the rhizome stout, 15 Or more cm

long, 2-3 cm long between ramicanls, i branching, enclosed by tubular sheaths: roots slender,

Produced along the rhizome. Ramicauls ascendi to erect, separate, not fasciculate, slender, 15-30 cm

long, with a close, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coria-

ceous, elliptical, acute, long-petiolate, the blade 8-12 cm long, 2.5-3.5 em wide, cuneate below into a

racemes, 4-]] long includin; Seaton are te the 1-5

> 4 cm | a sl E 1-1.5

me {rom an annulus below the abscission layer; floral bcs Chen xe

4 mm long: Ovary 2 mm long; Sepals yellow, ciliate, ithi acute,

concave, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical-oblong, subacute, 5.5 mm

Pleurothallis 9

Ety.: From the

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS oe

long, anger to the middle, 3.5 mm wide together, each 3-veined; petals translucent yellow, oblong-

obovate, obtuse, 3 mm long, 1 75 mm wide, 3-veined; tip ee fleshy, ovoid, 1 a below the

side, "2.25 saan long, ie 5 mm wi th lly rounded,

with h thick, lunate t he ant between, th base eee

L 1 £, t; ecoalumn ct. t, 1 5 mm

long, the foot thick, 0.5 mm ret hei anther, scene and stigma ake

ECUADOR: Pichinch d bank ener Santo Domingo, alt. ca. 2000

16 Aug. 1975, C. foe Luer & S. Wilhelm 547 (Holotype: S EL); Pululagua, alt. 2600-3000 m, 13 ~

1967, B. Sparre 13932 (S); La Liberia, alt. 2700 m, Nov. 1983, A. Hirtz 141] (MO). Imbabura: road

oe op ca. 2500 m, 8 Feb. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 3914 (SEL).

This species is apparently endemic in northwestern Ecuador where it is occa-

sionally discovered. It is characterized by an elongated, creeping rhizome, but not

long-scandent as in P. scansor. The long, slender ramicauls are produced two to

three centimeters apart. The werk of the elliptical leaf is elongate. The raceme

approximates the length of the leaf. The sepals are pubescent within; the petals are

membranous, obtuse and three-veined; and the lip is obscurely three-lobed with

intramural calli on the anterior margins of broadly rounded lateral lobes.

ee pa ai rth a & Krzl.) Garay, SpE LA a 34:254, 1956. Fig. 44.

Stelis pachypus Lehm Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 447

om : From th e Greek pacer hk footed,” f th icauls

Syn.: Pleurothallis quadrata C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl 10: 184, 1942.

Ety.: From the ete gl s cacsnaliomereniegoie:miden

Pl i phytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect , fas-

ciculate, slender, owes haaeate at ae base, 5-15cm long, with a loose, oman sheath below the

mee and 2-3 other rye sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute

subacute, petiolate, 5-11 cm long including the — 1-2 cm long, 1.5-2 cm a narrowly cuneate

“te into the pan eee Inflorescence | or 2 congested, distichous, simultaneously rag em

ered racemes, 5-12 cm by is the peduncle 1-3 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe 1-1.5 cm

long, ne an annulus 3-5 mm below 1.5-2 mm long,

enclosing the pedicel Fede: O5-4 were ser et mas F a ae

flecked. with brown, glabrous, with the margins mi opically ciliate, the dorsal il ep dly ellipti-

cal-ovate, concave, obtuse, subcarinate, — mm long, 2 ne 225 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals ovate,

se, subcarinate, 2-3 mm Jong, conn: e to near the middle, 2-3 mm wide together, each 2-(3-)veined;

embranous, oblong, obtuse to subtruncate, 1.5-2 mm long, 1-

1.5mm wide, 1-veined; ‘lip red-brown, 5 oveidsgoai broadly 0 obtuse a at the apex, 1.5-1.8 mm long,

1- 1.5 mm wide, with the sides d

a concave, the truncate, articulat-

fio the bulbous tip of the col foot; column stout ,1mm long, the foot thick, bulbous, 0.25 mm

long, the anther, rostellu d ial bap ical

COLOMBIA: Anti Rio Piedras and La Ceja eee 9

1883, F.C. Leh 3176 athena 7 denroyed a Lectotype: K; Isolectotypes: NY, US),

Ee Luer illustr. 16993. Ri = : d sh alt. 2800 m, 12 May 1993, C. " Luer,

J. Luer & R. Escobar 16794 (MO ).

ECUADOR. Pastaza: near Puyo, alt. 1000 m, Mar. 1976, flowered in cultivation, 31 Dec. 1976, C. Luer

1292 (SEL). Zamora-Chinchipe: near Zamora, alt. ca. 1000 m, July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wil-

tos a ge sgl Cae, a eae ee | < San Ramon, alt. 1400-1700 m, 8 June

1 1 f P. ata: U

129 EP Killip & AC. Smith 24856 (hk Pa Se a ee 1983, C.

“ee J. Luer & R. Vasquez 8683 (SEL).

This species is local, but widely distributed from central Colombia through the

Andes of Ecuador and Peru into central Bolivia. Superficially it resembles a Stelis,

and indeed is related to P. stelidiopsis. The ramicauls are fasciculate with i imbricat-

ing sheaths. The slender inflorescence surpasses the leaf. The tiny sepals are

obtuse and concave; the petals are broad and one-veined; and the lip is subquadrate

with a callus at either corner of the broadly obtuse apex.

42 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis patateénsis Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 45.

Ety.: Named for Patate, near where the species was collected.

Species haec P. ligulatae no tr SRay sed habitu majore, foliis longipetiolatis multilatioribus,

racemis paucis folio brevioribus diff

medium in size or large, epiphytic, densely oboge pe roots slender. Ramicauls fasciculate,

slender, erect, 8-16 cm long, with Ay anger sheath along the middle, and 2-3 imbricating sheaths

base. Leaf erect,

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to iolate, the blade 10-12 cm long

including the slender petiole 2.5-3 cm long, 2.5-3.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores-

cence 2-3, subsecund, subdense, simultaneously se eed flowered Tacemes, 6-11 « cm | long epee) the

1-2 cm long, subtended by A ong;

rsal

ase palbhgsrdsec ovary 2.5 mm long; nee sagas microscopically pubescent within, the do

sepal ovate, acute, concave aoe 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral - ig ogg. ea tee acute,

oblique, ng, 2.5 mm wide a . rounded at the

staan” 3

& *

a + she aa Pippi es ers ag 1 fe i ees.

> ~

papacy oy. atari cc. aa ee Leito, alt. 3050 m, 2 Aug. 1939,

» US).

This species, or seslies ai ibepecitic taxon, is apparently rare, known only from

the cig collection by Erik Asplund. Although obviously related to the widely

ted group of species les treated a as BP. - ligulata, P. patateénsis differs from

all of them in the broad, | surpassed by the inflores-

cences of purple flowers. The sepals are microscopically pubescent within. The

petals are three-veined with a rounded apex. The calli of the lip are prominent,

rounded and erect. Although the morphology of the flower parts falls within the

limits acceptable for P. ligulata, the distinctive vegetative characters set this taxon

apart.

urothallis Luer & Hirtz, sp. Fig. 45.

=e sina — ieee “transparent,” referring to Sint ail

ligulata Lindl affinis sed foliis lationhnc I ; q a1 Ngiis,

eames pahuduawocnn differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots numerous, slender. Ramicauls fascicu-

late, erect, 8-12 cm aa by a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 ag

base. Leaf erect, c

> - wuuacan many-

scan raceme 12-14 cm long including the cle 4-5 cm long by a slender spathe 18-

annulus 2-3 mm below the abscission layer; floral bracts 6-7 mm long, encl

pei a 3 mm long;

osing

ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent greenish white, ane er tarsin

within, the dorsal conca concave, 9 mm long, 3 mm wide, to the lateral

ta to form a sepaline tube, the lateral sepals 8.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate 4mm;

petals dark purple, » 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3 yreined: lip dark purple thick,

cal with the sides erect, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the a an

the middle, the disc concave between the calli. and with at

base, firmly attached to the column foot: cof column stout, Semin de erecta ee

anther, rostellum and and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Prov. of of Azuay: epiphytic in scrub vegetation south of Cuenca, alt. 3000 m, 17 Mar. 1984,

C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9629 (Holotype: MO).

This ree collected species occurs in scrub vegetation in high, semi-arid

terrain in south

ern Ecuador. It is closely allied to the P. ligulata-complex, but it is

distinguished from the latter by the much broader, shortly petiolate leaves and a

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 43

shorter raceme barely longer than the leaf. The semitubular flowers apparently do

not open widely. The sepals are longer and translucent greenish white which per-

mits the dark purple petals and lip to shine through. The petals are broad, concave

and three-veined. The lip is oblong with calli below the middle within the walls of

the erect sides.

wi 4k yee.

Luer. no

il Named in honor of Francis W. Pooel who Fin colle hisses

h P. ligulatae Lindl affinis, d habitn et fl ie] iciliatis et label-

lo ad medium bicalloso differt.

, epiphytic itose; roots slend _ Ramicauls ascending, fasciculate, erect,

slender, 10-20 cm long, with a eh tubular sheath t ddl yy 2-3 tubular, jeabei-

cating sh base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ly elliptical-oblong, subacute to obtuse, 8-11

tees ren ae b y i tiol . Inflorescence a soli-

fea cm tong inci i ee peduncle 5-7.5 cm

sci subtended by ¢ a slender ais ty 1-2 cm li m the ramicaul 7-8 mm below the

abscission layer; floral bracts tubular, 5 mm ae pedicels 5- 8 mm m long: ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals

yellow-green, finely long-ciliate, the dorsal sepal free, ovate, concave, acute, 9-11 mm long, 4-5 m4

eg the lateral Sepals oblong, acute, 9-11 mm long, 2-2.75 mm wide, connate ca. 5 mm; petals tran

, elliptical, subcarinate t th 5-5.5 mm long, 3

rounded,

25 5 mm wide, 3-veined; he. ovate-subtrilobed, A. 25 mm long, 3 mm wide expanded, the fi cr

calli near the

the middl sitidil,

the h rh ll hnilhons anex of the

middle n

column fot column st stout, 2.5 mm long, the sale an 0.5 mm ie. the anther, 1 rostellum and stigma

entral.

COT OMRTA:- & Ai Dz.¢ Ce oe | DR 3 4 , alt 3000-3200 m, 20-26 Sept. 1917, F.

W. Pennell 2043 ees US; Isotype: AMES); Cerro N , Hato Grande, east

m, 13 June 1944, M. L. Grant 9407 (NY), C. Luer illustr. 17068; San Miguel near Sibaté, alt. 2800-3250

m, 4 Sept. 1949, M. Schneider 151 (S), C. Luer illustr. 17106; Paéramo de Guerrero, between

and Pacho, alt. 3280 m, 28 Nov. 1976, P.J.M. Maas & R. Jaramillo 1791 (K, NY), C. Luer illustr.

17067; Vereda Béchica, Fusagasuga, finca Lolandia, alt. 1780-1900 m, 6 Nov. 1980,

21237 (US); Mountains of Bogota, without altitude or date, Bro. Ariste Joseph A442b (US).

This species, closely related to P. ligulata-complex, is apparently endemic in the

Eastern Cordillera of Colombia where it grows sympatrically with the latter. Simi-

lar to the latter, it is characterized by slender, densely fascicled, ascending rami-

cauls. The elliptical, petiolate leaves are broader than those acceptable for P. ligula-

ta. The flowers, borne in shorter racemes, are larger and yellow-green with the

sepals long-ciliate. The petals are veined in purple. The lip is oblong, dilated

below the middle with the sides erect. A pair of low, rounded calli are present near

the middle near the margins.

Pleurothallis pilifera Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 9, 1859. Fig. 48.

Ety.: From the Latin pilifer, “‘hair-bearing,” referring to the pilose sepals.

Syn.: Humboldtia pilifera Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891

long, with

Plant large, epiphytic, densely caespitose, roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 20-55 cm long,

a close, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical

acute, long- 12-17 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, cuneate below into a slender petiole 1.5-3

cm long. Ione fe of 3-6, congested, i simultaneously many-flowered, more or less secund

racemes 18-40 cm | hed eee, seienial ig aagn SL

long, from an annulus ca. 1 cm below the abscission layer, floral bracts 3 mm long, ccs pedicel

and ovary; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary pea, Pe yellow or purple, subcarinat ickened

toward the apices, with a long, whitish, p

nical

ae ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

concave, subacute, 5-7 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, free from the laterals, the lateral sepals 5-7

mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1.5 mm; petals yellow, purple or brown, obovate, obtuse, 3-

4 mm long, 2-2.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the margins often lightly irregular, lip yellow to purple, fleshy,

oblong, subacute at the thickened pex, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, the margins erect below the

middle, obliquely continuous with a pair of central calli, narrowly cleft between, - disc with a subor-

bicular callus above the concave base, the base ! olumn-f column stout,

1.5 mm long, the foot thick, 1-1.5 mm long, the anther, rostel tig

ECUADOR: Pichincha: “Walley of Lloa, on the branches of trees, forests at 8,000 ft., 1854,’’ W. James-

on s.n. (Holotype: K); Quito, W. Jameson 107 (W); “Pichincha,” alt. 7,000 ft., H. Karsten s.n. (W);

Salvador below San Juan, alt. ca. 2500 m, 3 May 1955, E. Asplund 16173 (S); between Chiri ga an

San Juan, alt. 1900-2200 m, 28 Jan. 1977, G, Harling, U. Eliasson & L. Andersson 14917 (GB); between

San Juan and Chiriboga, undated, F. Fagerlind & G. Wibom 1882 (S); same area, alt. 2950 m, 15 May

1981, C. H. Dodson et al. 10867 (MO); forest west of Calacali, alt. 2550 m, 4 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz & C. Dodson 11051 (MO); Lloa, alt. 2400 m, May 1985, A. Hirtz 2566 (MO); epiphytic

on the west slope of Volcan Corazon, collected by Ch. Hirtz, flowered in cultivation i ito, 25 Jan.

Carchi: f Tulcan and alt. 2900 m, 2 Apr. 1984,

C. Luer, S. Dalstrim & T Héijer 9890 (MO); same area, alt. 3400 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et

al. 15055 (MO); alt. 2850 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 15076 (MO); alt. 1600 m, 16 Mar.

1991, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 15095 (MO). Imbabura: Selva Al , alt. 1400 m, May 1989, A. Hirtz &

MO).

six long, densely flowered racemes extend as long as or much longer than the leaf.

flowers vary in color. The sepals are long-pubescent within above the middle,

and the petals are obtuse and three-veined. The lip is oblong with a pair of marginal,

pyramidal calli below the middle with the anterior margins angling forward onto the

disc as a pair of carinae and cleft between. A low, rounded callus is present above

the basal cavity. Except for the central cleft and the rounded basal callus, the lip is

similar to that of P jamesonii. The lip is Practically identical to that of the prolific

P. prolificans.

Pleurothallis popayanensis Lehm. & Krzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 438, 1899. Fig. 49.

Ety.: Named for the city of Popayan, above which the species was collected.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots numerous, slender. Ramicauls

fasciculate, Stout, erect, 12-15 cm long, with a loose, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 imbricating

sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous elliptical-oblong, subacute, sessile, 13-15 cm long, 2.5-3

orescence racemose, 1-2 slender, congested,

‘ cm long including the slender

base of the ea Ong, subtended by a broad spathe 3-4.5 cm long, from the apes € ramicaul at the

base - po as floral bract infundibular, 3.5 mm long, enclosing the pedicel: pedicels 1.5-2 mm long;

: ‘ mm long; sepals g h whi ding to Le! Ls i » glabrous, with the mar-

gins minutely ciliate, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse, concave, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm

wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for nearly 1 mm, the lateral

ined; |

.25 mm long, 2.75

wide expanded, the apex broadly rounded, the sides below the middle dilated and incurved, the di

concave, the base narrowly transversely e below a narrow se Carina, firm]:

column-foot; column semiterete, stout, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick, 0.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum

and stigma subapical.

col OMBI A: ¢

#14 (Lectotype: K), C. Luer illustr. 16995, P#Y AR, alt. 2500-3000 m, F. C. Lehmann

Although there are discrepancies, the above description was made from the

lectotype at Kew, the flower having been hydrated in concentrated ammonia. I

know of no other collection of this species which apparently is endemic in the for-

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 45

ests above Popayan.

Pleurothallis popayanensis is similar vegetatively to several related species with

a large foliaceous bract emerging from the base of a sessile leaf. The numerous,

small flowers are more or less globose with broad, concave sepals. The petals are

proportionately large, suborbicular and single-veined. The lip is simple, transverse-

ly ovate when expanded, and free of any callus.

ae A sr Luer & Hirtz, sp. no Fig. 50.

Ety.: F aealtus, “‘at a very high aide,” iene to - es

S i1esh P jamesonii Lindl 1. affinis d |. d

ae Boss .

Plant medium in size, pi apo to hav lly, caespitose; root

slender. Ramicauls fasciculate, stout, aie 6-9 cm long, ¢ enclosed by 3 tubular, imbricating sheaths.

Leaf erect, coriaceous, clita, subacute to obtuse, the blade 8-9 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, cuneate

below into a subpetiolate . Inflorescence ‘Facemose, racemes 1 or2 ley pean th secund, —

and simultaneously came dlowet 18-23 rs ig the p le 8-9 g, subtended

spathe 1.5 cm long, fr low the abscission layer; floral t i ape

ing pedicel z and ovary; pedicels ] 15 mm = wig a 2 mm long; sepal ite, subcarinate, minutely

acute, concave, 7.5 mm “a 4 mm wide unexpand-

ed, 3-veined, the lateral sep als ovat , oblique, bacute to obtt , 7 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate 1.5 mm; petal 1 ins, elliptical-obovate, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-

veined, the apex roun ded, subapiculate; lip white, suffused with pink, fleshy, trilobed, 3.5 mm long, 2.5

mm wide, the middle lobe ovate, subacute, convex, decurved, the lateral lobes near the middle, erect,

obtuse with irregular ar margins, very thick basall .

ll lobes, continuous with the basal cavity, |

the end of the column foot column stout, 2mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long with the tip free, ae

anther, rostellum and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: “North Pichincha,” alt. 3800 m, Nov. 1983, A. Hirtz 1389 (Holotype: MO), C.

Luer illustr. 14932.

species from a very high altitude in northern Ecuador is closely related to

P. jamesonii of lower altitudes. Vegetatively and florally they are very similar, but

F. praealia i is distinguished by the thick, trilobed lip with a convex and decurved,

triangular, anterior lobe, resembling a parrot’s beak. The erect lateral lobes are very

thickened, especially at the base, the two lobes nearly meeting, separated only by a

deep, midline cleft. The lateral lobes cannot be spread without fracturing the lip.

Pleurothallis prolificans L uer & Hirtz, sp. nov. Sine a __Fig. 51.

Ety.: From the Latin prolificans, “proliferating,” referring t P ctl

apex of other ramicauls.

Inter species subgene hidi: icaulib tibr tario longissimo

multifloro, spatha parva, folio ovato acuto brevipetiolato, corsa iene acutis intus ae. peta-

lis trinervis, et labello oblongo bicalloso illi P. piliferae Lindl. similis distinguitur.

Plant large, coarse, terrestrial, acing roots slender. Ramicauls proliferating, stout to slender,

erect to suberect, 5-20 cm long, with ac g sh

about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ovate, acute, shortly petiolate, 8-13 cm long. 1.5-3.5

cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole ( 0.5-1 cm long. Inflorescence one or occé y two, slender,

distichous to secund, 20-40 cm long including the

peduncle 3-12 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe 1 cm long, from an ; annulus ca. ri mm pose the

abscission layer, floral bracts infundibular, 3 mm spies apo aa A pedicels | oe

ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals greenish, suffused with le or brown,

the dorsal lopecs acute, concave, 6.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, free from the lateral sepals,

46 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, subacute, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1 mm; pe

lucent purple or brown, elli obtuse, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow or green, fleshy,

oblong, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex thick, rounded, the disc with a pair of erect, lobe-like,

Pew, Mele, We kd 1 Cae Saye AMS 1 : rs . 1 Ce as li. cleft

between,

the base concave below basal callus, articulated with the bull ip of the co (appre

1.75 sum long, the foot wit the apex short, fee, the anther, roscliaay end atigua vous _

ECUADOR: Pichincha: epiphytic between San Juan and Chiriboga, alt. 2450 m, 28 May 1988, C. Luer

& A. Hirtz 13699 : MO; : K, QCNE); old road from Quito to S ingo, 12 Mar.

1976, P. Taylor, J. & C, Luer 16305 (K), forest above Tandapi, alt. 2600 m, Mar. 1983, A. Hirtz 1270

(MO); same area, alt. 2500 m, 31 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 11012 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in northwestern Ecuador. It is one of four

prolific species known in the subgenus, the others being P. expansa, P. galerasensis

and P. virgata. All four species are characterized by the climbing habit, but prolifi-

cans is distinguished by the ovate, very acute leaves, an inconspicuous spathe, one

Or occasionally two long racemes, and flowers similar to those of P. pilifera. For

many years, P. prolificans was regarded as a prolific form of P. pilifera.

Pleurothallis pulchella (H.B -K.) Lindl., in Hooker’s Exotic Flora 2: sub t. 123,

1825. Fig. 52.

Bas.: Stelis pulchella H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 364, 1816.

Ety.: From the Latin pulchellus, “pretty,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Pleurothallis Sphenochila Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 22, 1859.

Ety.: From the Greek sphenocheilos, “a wedge-shaped lip,” in reference to the labellum.

Syn.: Pleurothallis naraniensis Rchb.f, Beitr. Orch. Centr. Amer. 96, 1866.

Ety.: Named for the community of Naranjo where the species was collected.

Syn.: Humboldtia naraniensis (Rchbf.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL. 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia pulchella (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia sphenochila (Rchbf.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 668, 1891.

= oo a ten Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 14: 129, 1915.

Syn.: P i : F

By Heeabrrraheleserabeapes Repert. mas He be ee. ~* 7: 112, 1920.

=P is Loénsis Schl i Veg. Bei

Be nN Pg Boh 9,

a eevee bogotensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 162, 1924, not Lindl.

Etv - Named f.

o I pecies Was collected.

Syn. Pleurothallis tepuiénsis Camevali & 1. Ramirez, Novon 3: 121, 1993.

Ety.: Named for a “tepui” where the species was collected. .

Plant medium j » commonly terrestrial, ; ;

cauls fasciculate, s] al, densely caespitose; roots coarse, numerous. Rami-

and several are ye tee 425 cm long, with a closely appressed, tubular sheath near the middle,

? ie etd VACLLAL DASC. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

perrpiealin. as ca ae ret narrowly rounded, petiolate, the blade 6-18 cn long, 1-3 cm

taneous, secund, densely and aie ul sd cae long racemose, racemes 1 to 2 simul-

cm long, subtended by a slender acts 5 i 10-18 cm long including the peduncle 2-4

layer; floral bracts 1.5-2.5 mm long: pedicels 1-2 an lon nants 2-5 mm below the abscission

sometimes suffused with ; inutely

rose, Carinate, m

; Or connate to middle; petals %

earotse4 ps Pg a — elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 2.5-3.5 oo tee 1-135 aan wide, I-

veined; » suffused with purple on the » fleshy, trilobed, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the

vcesuse> thickened, the lateral lobes below the middle. erect to rounded, callous

the basal ity RETO EE tay IE pS ae 2 © aa iddle at t callus above

Tanne withthe bulbous tip free, the anther, rosellum and stigma sstopteg ne mest foot thick, 0.5

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 47

ECUADOR: Imbabura? in the valley Ichubamba near Chillo, home of Marchionis de Selvalegre, alt.

Carchi:

July 1990, C. H. Dodson, E. Hagsater, D. Rubio & N. Rivera 18401

sot cabal alt. 2750 m, 13 Jan. 1992, C. tae Luer, A. & P. Jesup eee oeen Sasbebiaia:

common terrestrial between Quito, alt. 2400- FC, -n. (K); Lago Cuicocha,

ms 3100 m, 10 Apr. 1956, E. Asplund 20213 ‘Sy same area, alt. 3000 m, 10 Dec. | 1966, B. Sparre 13317

a Cuyicocha crater, 6 Dec. 1976, E. W. Davis 343 (AMES). Pichincha: “Quito,” 1845,

(US); aa of Pichincha near Quito, alt. 3000 m, 29 Dec. 1879, F.C. Lehmann a, 20

Nov. 1880, F. C. Lehmann 211 (W); west slopes ip bias alt. 2000 m, | 14 a “1881, F. GC. oor

337. _—— mone of Mt. Pichincha, Mar - 1900, A. S ro 6 (t yp

destroyed a LS); i fe > Wally of Lloa, L Mille 4 pened

bale aa iecterype tee a ); Colina,

alt. 2700, remy 1927, G. Firmin 268 (AMES, US); bio 4 of Quito below w Guépalo, 3 Nov. 1931, E.

Asplund 9660 (B, C, BR, GB, K, LD, NY, S, US); near Lloa, alt. 3000 m, 9 —< 1939, E. Asplund

10087 (S); above Quito, alt. 10,000 ft., 25 Dec. 1938, E. K Bail 5785 (US), San Juan, alt. 3500 m, 28

Nov. 1952, F. Fagerlind & G. Wibom 1572 (S); Qu ‘anahuaico, west alt. 2700-2800

m, 3 Dec. a B. res 13277 (S); between Nono and Tandayapa, alt. deg ats 15 Nov. 1974, T.

Plowman & E. 4433 oS terrestrial, east of Pintag, alt. 3200-3300 m, 1 July pile B. So song

& U. Molau Bore (GB). betw een Tandayapi and Mindo, alt. 2800 m, 11 Now 1979 C

A. Hirtz 4703 (SEL); | La Liberia west of f Quito, alt. bpd Nov. 1983, A. Hirtz 1412 <n i “ed

illustr. 14936. tt. 3120 m, 2 Aug. 1959, H. G. apg madly pl

bioy 8508 (AMES ). Zamora-Chinchipe: above sine 1900 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz & Lis ind 10841 (MO). Azuay: Paéramo de Tinajillas, south of Cuenca, WH. Camp E-2109

(AMES, N

PERU: fe Cutervo, Tres Cruces, terrestrial on rocky slopes, alt. 2560 m, 14 Nov. 1986, J.

Mostacero et al. 1607 (F, H

COLOMBIA: Antioquia : La Ceja, Tuza, alt 2880 m, 5 June 1876, E. André 3612 (K). Santa Marta:

1898-1901, H.H. Smith 2486 (K). Antioquia: Rio Piedras, alt. eri gsr 1883, F.C. Saree

3142 (K). Cauca: Pasto, alt. 2500 m, Nov. 1880, F. C. Lehmann 24 (W). Cundinamarca: m

east of Bogota, 28 Jan. 1854, IF. Holton 162 (AMES); Bogota, alt. 8,100 ft., H. Karsten s.n ea

tativa, alt. 2700 m, 16 Dec. 1876, E. André 690, 691 (K); beng fh np tesa 8,500 ft nba W.

Tracey 245 (K); surroundings of Bogota, alt. 2000-2500 m, 1921, H. Hopf s.n. (holotype of

destroyed at B; on rocks near Bogotd, alt. 8,900 ft., T. Hartweg s.n. (K, erroneously 2a ile aa

type, neotype of P. bogotensis here designated: K; Macizo de Bogota, 25 May 1939, J. Cuatrecasas 5005

(AMES, US); Macizo de Bogota, 25 June 1939, J. Cuatrecasas 5619 (AMES, US), Bogota, macizo de

Usaquén, alt. 2600 m, Apr. 1940, L. Uribe U. 423 (AMES); near Bogota, north o of Quebrada

10 Jan. 1943, FR. ae 19709 (AMES); Suesca, arn eH ic, alt. 8,600 ft., 9 Oct. 1946, M.B. ER.

Foster 1825 (AMES); lithophytic between Facatativa and San Francisco, alt. 2300 m, 18 May 1952, M.

Schneider 626 (S). eee Toche, alt. 2500 m, 25 May ‘oat K. von Secldon 3123 (AMES, S). Valle

del Cauca: Alto de Las Brisas, alt. 2160 m, 26 Oct. 1944, Cuatrecasas 18206 (AMES, S). Wi

ocality,T. Hartweg s.n. (K). Santander: Paramo San Pedro, alt. 6,000 ft., 3 Mar. 1854, H. Wagener 559

(W). Risaralda: jane sa de Cabal, Ucumari, alt. 2200 m, 2 Nov. 1992, nae DeWilde 378 (MO).

Narino: La Laja near Ipiales, alt. oe Th 17 Ju June 1876, E. André 3480 (K); Sapuyes, Paramo de

Gualmatan, alt. 3100-3480 m, 4 Jan. 1964, L. E. Mora 2910 (AMES, PSO). Without locality, Ne

Triana 565 pspeian of P.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Meseta del Jaua, Cerro Jaua, alt. 1800 m, 24 Feb. 1974, J. A. Steyermark et al.

109446 Uullotepes of P pated VEN); scat Messen. alt. 700 m, 12- Feb. 1974, J. A.

Steyermark et al. 109105 (AMES, VE sa

COSTA RICA: Cartago: Naranjo, 29 Mar. 1853, H. Wendland 593 (holotype of P. naraniensis: ~

type: AMES) without locality, ca 1867, A. Emies sn, (W, and ills) Cah at alt. 4,000 ft., Oct.

C. H. Lankester 1059 (AMES); El Muiieco, alt. 4,500 ft., 19 June 1928, H. E. ee

near Navarro valley, alt. 6,000 ft., shes 1928, H. E. Stork 1731 (AMES). Alnjecis: Alfaro Ruiz,

T Zarcero, alt. 1575 m, 12 Sept. 1938, A. Smith H-1/83 (AMES). Puntarenas: lower a moans

rain forest east of Monteeutde on Pacific watershed, alt. 1300-1450 m, 29 Oct. 1975, W. niga

Baker 9610 (F). San José: La Palma, alt. 1225 m, 10 Nov. 1922, A. M. Brenes 112 (AMES); La Palma,

alt. 1600 m, 17 Mar. 1924, P. C. Standl 13 (

PANAMA: Coclé: El Valle de Antén, alt. 1000 m, 10 Nov. 1940, P. H. Allen 2245 (AMES).

This species and P. elegans, both collected by Humboldt and Bonpland, were

the first species of the subgenus to be described. The various forms of P. pulchella

are relatively frequent and widely distributed from Costa Rica (P. naraniensis)

through the Andes into Peru. The concept is distinguished by the slender stature;

48 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

narrow, petiolate leaves; and ramicaul ti or less thickened toward

the base with several imbricating sheaths. One or a very few slender racemes about

as long as or longer than the leaf are produced from a small, narrow spathe. The

small flowers, basically similar to most in the subgenus, are simple with one-veined

petals. The lip is three-lobed (type B) with the lateral lobes erect, obtuse and cal-

lous. The anterior lobe is obtuse and thickened, and the disc between the lateral

lobes is smooth and shallowly concave above the transverse callus above the basal

cavity that articulates with the tip of the column-foot. This description of the lip

also applies to P. floribunda and P. velaticaulis.

Vegetatively similar P. ligulata grows sympatrically. The latter is distinguished

by the three-veined petals and an oblong lip (type A) with variously callous margins

at and below the middle.

urothallis retusiloba C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 15: 100, 1951. Fig. 53.

Ety.: From the Latin retusilobus, “with a retuse lobe,” referring to the apex of the lip.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls e i :

f A rect, slender, fasciculate, 9

14 cm long, with a loose, tubular sheath above the middle, and 2-3 loose, tubular, imbricating sheaths

: ig amicauls, erect, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, obtuse, pe-

tiolate, the blade 6-7 cm lon , 2cm wide, cuneate below i i

bree g : cune: le below into a petiole ca. | em long. Inflorescence

» More or d, densel basi 9-1

mora spree rey fc os t 2cm long, subtended by a spathe 1-1.5 cm with an annulus just

i om SPS ed ; 3 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm long; ovary 1 mm long: sepals car-

3-veined, the bhi ae eas, he dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, apiculate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

1 mm, parallel, 3 wide » oblique, subacute, apiculate, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate

man } 1.25 —_ togethe t, each 3-veined; petals translucent, oblong-obovate, truncate, 2.25

oth wiat oh oct ma y, subquadrate-trilobed, 1.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide ex-

erse, retuse wi

the middle, triangular, slightly uncinate, with with broadly rounded angles, the late

with a tran

in, the disc

column-foot; column lus above th ity at the base to accommodate the end of the

ical, the rostellum Giiteeea the foot thick, nearly as long with the tip free, the anther subap-

PERU: Cuzco: Paucartambo, Pillahuata, epiphytic in raj

3030 or AMES; Isotype: Herb. oe comin tg m, 12 Dec. 1942, C. Vargas

in scemenme ete 's known only from the original collection from a rain forest

ed in concentrated ar Wie agais was made from a flower from the type rehydrat-

and desctiptiog ee 1 differs in some details from the original illustration

dpiierasigcsccone is distinguished by the slender habit, the ramicaul with a

from an inconspic psa - dle. ‘The many-flowered raceme of small flowers

are ciliate; the Hi alle slightly exceeds the oblong, petiolate leaf. The sepals

ope ws ae truncate; and the lip is three-lobed. The anterior lobe is

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 49

ae eae ehecaactqrees orig f., ees 22: 825, 1849. Fig. 54.

e Greek rhodo tr,” referring to the flowers that were described

= ge rosa —— Cello te

Syn - (Rchb f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen PL 668, 1891.

a Pleurothallis nolamophile Seilee Repert. Spec. N ov. Regni ~~ Beih. 27: 53, 1924.

Ety.: From the Greek potamophilos, “tiver-loving,” in PR the habitat.

ouce Pleurothallis ain Luer & Vasquez, Phytologia 49: 214, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin procerus, “‘tall, slender,” referring to the habit.

nt medium in size to large, —- rous, slender. Ramicauls

fancloalals, slender, erect, 10-22 cm long, witha pape dies cheat near rote sae. and 2-3 imbricating

ae Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, obtuse, the blade 11-15 cm long, 2-3.5

cm wide, below into a petiole ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescence racemose, 2-3 slender, congested,

more or i say og simultaneously many-flowered racemes, 15-25 cm long including the slender

peduncle ca. 3 cm long, subtended | by a slender spathe 1 cm long, from an annulus 2-3 “ below the

abscission | 2-2 5mm long, dice] 2mm long;

ovary 1-2mm long; sepals yellow-green, more or less veined with 1 red, subcarinate, eran with the

margins minutely ciliate, the dorsal bea pers ye subacute to obtuse, 4-6 mm long, 2-3 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elli mm lon; g, connate to above the middle, 3-4 mm

wide ‘together, each subacute to ae pee meg le, elliptical-

oblong, obtuse, 3-3.5 mm pe 1- “hi 5 mm oe 3-veined; : tip yellow-green with the margin spoted in

purple, ovoid-subtrilobed, 2 below the

middle slightly dilated and incurved, the disc concave between an erect pair of ete cal near the

middle

on the end, firmly attached to the cob

foot; column semiterete, stout, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick, 0.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum sind

ubapic

amie Santander (old prov. of Pamplona): La Baja, alt. 9,000 ft., Jan. 1847, L. Schlim 1442

(Holotype: W; Isotype: G), C. Lu uer illustr. 16372. Ca uca: on trees s alon; g Rio Pasto, alt. _ rg Oct.

ion. W. Hopp 119 (holotype 1000-

1800 m, Jan. 1886, F. C. yee 4502 (neotype of P. potamophila here ‘designated: K; eae

nies “ Sep 16385.

Azuay: ecg terrestrial, alt. 3000 m, 1 Apr. 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strim

mer By; on of Cumbe, alt. 2900-3000 m, 9 June 1979, B. Lejtnant, A. & U. Molau 14351 (AAU,

GB); between Jarata and La Paz, between Cuenca and Loja, alt. 3400 m, 3 7 ie 1985, G. Harling & L.

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Ch hytic in cl st R NE of Cochabamba, alt.

1780 m, 13 Jan. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vent t6% eae procera: SEL, isotype: K).

This species was described by Reichenbach from a collection by Schlim at La

Baja in the eastern Cordillera of Colombia. It is characterized by slender, densely

Caespitose ramicauls with an oblong, oe leaf. The few, elongated inflores-

cences emerge from an inconspicuous spathe. The sepals are acute . The

petals are oblong, obtuse and three-veined. the lip is oblong with spots along the

rounded apical margin. A pair of prominent, erect, rounded calli are present at the

middle of the disc, and a transverse callus is present above the narrow, transverse

cavity at the base.

Pleurothallis rhodotantha is similar to P. velaticaulis, the flowers differing

mostly in details of the lip. The lip of P. rhodotantha is oblong with a pair of erect,

central calli. The basal cavity is narrow and transverse. The lip of P. velaticaulis is

ovate with intramarginal calli, and the basal cavity is more or less rounded.

The description of P. potamophylla, collected by Hopp in the department of

Cauca in southwestern Colombia, and described by Schlechter, fits P. rhodotantha.

An older, erroneously identified collection by Lehmann from Cauca, also fits this

concept. Because Hopp’s collection was presumably lost at B, the Lehmann collec-

tion at AMES is designated the neotype.

50 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis rictoria Jee ee 61: 14, 1877. Fig. 55.

Ety.: Probably derived Latin rictus, “‘an open mouth,” referring to the flowers.

hia Ney Ramicauls brok ff ab he b slen erect, 17 or more

cm long, with a tubular sheatt he middle. Leaf erect, coriaceous, Tipcical: parental 14-18 em

long, 4-4.7 cm wide in the dry state, cuneate cuneate below into a slender petiole 1.5-2 om lon ong. Inflor

racemose. th fi slender. simultaneous, more many-flowered, 5- 13

em long including the peduncle ca. 6 cm long, subtended by a spathe 2-25 cm long, from an annulus 5

mm below th , 2-2.5 mm long, 5 mm apart, pedicels 2 mm long;

ie! a -iimm long; sepals brown, minutely ciliat €, narrowly ovate, acute, carinate, the dorsal se

concave, 6.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, free from the the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals 7 mm mm long,

1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, barely connate at the base; petals translucent, elliptical, acute, 3.3 mm long, 1

mn wide, 1~ pope le Sniehamiosen 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex obtuse, the margins below the

the middle, the base truncate

callus, hinged on the end to a short column -foot; column stout, 1.5 mm

roger tt olga rostellum and stigma subapical.

Medellin,” without specific locality, J. R. von R. Warszewicz s.n. (Holotype: W), C

COLOMBIA: *

Luer illustr. 16371,

This species is known only from the original collection by Warszewicz probably

from somewhere near “Medellin.” In habit it is indistinguishable from P. velati-

caulis. Reichenbach declared that the small flowers were like those of P. pulchella,

but brown (instead of yellow or white). The sepals are narrowly ovate, acute and

minutely ciliate. The petals are elliptical, acute and single-veined. The lip is ovate

with obscure, broadly rounded lobes below the middle with broadly thickened

margins.

is salpingantha Luer & atonpa sp. no Fe 56.

From the Greek sa. etteaiaapaet eemeet ie flowers,” fring jot spline

li Pat gd — Ned ' Itifl patha magna,

obtuso disco ad medium bicalloso. is, petalis obtusis trinervis, iabello ovoideo

Plant medium in size to large, coarse

Coarse, epiphytic to terrestrial, densely cae: tose; roots slender,

numerous, Ramicauls fasciculate, Stout, erect, 6-32 cm cm long, with a loose, i Le ihe ; the middle

about the base.

-3 loose, obtuse

- coriaceous, ellipti cal, ’

7-14 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, cuneate below into a sessile base. Inflorescence racemose, | to a few,

Comparatively stout, atypia are "theclrsti eager sim many-

Lowered racemes, 12-22 cm lo

estan 1.5-2 mm long; sepals

rien ay Pentel ar npr md actin chewene puga

obtuse, concave, 9-11 mm long, 3.5-4,5 mm wide expanded, 3 alae) Gronce Sige aaron”

to the lateral sepaline

the narrowly conca: ve base, the base trun solidly fixed

javepeseieje oe

a ong th fot thick, I mm ng wih the ape ne tthe column fot

ECU :

ae (alogpe: MO paacaka gt 00m, 23 Mar 1965, C Liner J Laer, A. Hirt

son 21683 (AMES) no, Ssbanilla above Yangana, alt. 2600 m, 6 Feb 1985,G. Harling & L. Anders:

phases eal Pode ae 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 23604 (AMES,

» east of Nudo pg 2850-2950 m, be Feb. 1985, B.

ano 10 Apr. 1989, J. E. Madsen 85906

r Ate east of the pass above Maldonado, alt.

esup & P. Jesup 16044 (MO O). Pichincha: along the new

arque Nacional Podocarpus

Dllgaard et al. 57818 (AAU, QCA); same

85952 (AAU, QCA). Carchi: terres

3400 m, 15 Jan. 1992, C. panty ay Luer,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 51

road agra Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. 3000 m, 28 Oct. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4390

(SEL). Napeo: Guacama uacamayo Range, 2 alt. 1800 0m, | 18 Nov. 1984, A. Hirtz 2107 ’ (MO); Cosanga, alt. 2000 m,

May 1984, A. Hirtz 1778 (MO). N m, alt. 2650 m, 16 Feb.

1986, C. r, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11839 (MO). Napo: pe: Quijos south of Cosanga,

alt. 2120 m, mag Feb. 1978, J. H. Kirkbride & H. Chamba 4102 (NY, US); between Baeza and Ti ena, alt.

2200 m, C. H. Dodson & T. A. Dodson 16446 (MO). Laie: Altos de Numbala, east prone alt.

500-2900 m, May 1985, D. D’ Alessandro 410 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: above Valladolid, alt, 2450

m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim, T. Héijer & J. Kuijt 9570 (MO); Cajanuma range south of —

alt. 2750 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10735A (MO); between Y:

Valladolid, alt. 2600-2700 m, ~ Feb. 1985, G. - Harling & L. Andersson 21470, 21683 (AMES, GB

onda, alt. 1450 m. .

2770 m, 19 Apr. 1973, L. pemie en, S. Jeppesen, B. Lojtnant & B. Pllgaard 3842 ( (AAU), senpe ya

Loja-Zamora pass, alt. 2750 m, 20 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11970

(MO); same area, alt. 2800 m, 15 Mar. 1989, J. E. Madsen 85906 (AAU); same area, alt. 2500-3000 m,

25 Mar. 1990, J. E. AA. QA U, tages

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Muni of Toledo, Alto de Santa Inez, alt. 2250 m, 13 May 1984, C.

Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10335 (MO). S

and Berlin, alt. 2600 m, 15 May 1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 7878 (SEL). Quindio: epiphytic at pass

between Salento and Tocha, alt. 3250 m, 10 May 1993, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & A. DeWilde

16751 (MO).

VENEZUELA: Tachira: headwaters of Rio Quinimari, below cliffs of La Relumbrante, alt. 2550 m,

Feb. 1968, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1063.

U: Pasco: Oxapampa, alt. 2700 m, 7 Mar. 1986, H. van der Werff et al. 8572 (MO).

This species is widely distributed in the Andes from the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia into Peru. It is allied to the frequent and variable P. laevigata, with

which it is sympatric in the southern half of its range. One to a few, long, multi-

flowered racemes are produced from a large, foliaceous spathe at the base of a ses-

Sile leaf. The flowers are distinguished by the bright yellow color, and deeply

connate sepals that form a sepaline tube below the middle. The free portions are

about equal in size and shape and recurve only slightly. The broad, three-veined

petals and oblong lip are very similar to those of P. laevigata. The apex of the lip is

broadly rounded or more or less narrowly obtuse, and the pair of lunate calli are

present near or below the middle of the disc.

Pleurothallis scansor eo ir Pe _ 1981. Fig. 57.

Ety.: From the Latin scansor creeping habit.

Plant large, epiphytic to terrestrial, i ith the rhi tout, 50 cm long or longer, 2-8 om

long between ramicauls, occas: ionally bran enclosed b bul I hs; It

‘ii ecs, Hel Ramicauls ascending, — h the rhi stout, 5-12 cm long, a

by loose, imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, obtuse, ap the

blade + 12 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, cuneate below into ty petiole 1-2 cm long. Inflorescence a solitary,

nsely 15-35 cm long including the peduncle 7-10 cm long,

subtended by a slender spathe 1.5-2.5 cm long, hing an annulus 4-5 mm below the abscission layer,

ral bracts infundi long;

to se age glabrous, a dorsal sepal ~~ acute, 7.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals g, oblique, subacute, 8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, connate 3 mm, each 3-vei sesh. ori

lucent sy oblong-obovate, obtuse, 4 mm long, LS mm wide, 3-veined; gee come eshy, ovol

trilobed below the middle, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide

en broadly rounded, with intramural calli, ‘concave between, t the base with a ba comparatively =

carina, arti

the f foot thick, 1 mm long, the anther, sostelinns: and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Sucumbios: epiphytic in cloud forest southeast of El coe alt. 2700 m, 17 May 1981,

C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6259 (Holotype: SEL). Carchi: between

Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 12-14 he 1979, B. Ljtnant, U. Molau & M. Madison 12299, 12439 —

terrestrial in loose hum remnant of cloud forest north of El Playén, alt. 3100 m, )

Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 15183 (MO); same area, gr ae pa en asthe,

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Cabeceras del Rio Pal de Santo Dowsing "3200 m, 4 May

13 Dec. 1944, J. Cuatrecasas 19264 (AMES). ae Alto del Cabano, aaah ’

1876, E. André 2973 (K); near Laguna La Cocha, 25 July 1960, L. A. Garay 25, 51 (

52 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This long-scandent species grows in loose humus and among scrubby vegetation

at high altitudes in northern Ecuador and Colombia. It is most similar to P. cuatre-

casasii, both of which are characterized by a thick, ascending rhizome. The rami-

cauls arise irregularly; the leaves are shortly petiolate, and far exceeded by a long,

many-flowered raceme subtended by a slender spathe. The yellowish sepals are

glabrous; the petals are oblong and three-veined; and the lip is three-lobed, the

anterior lobe ovate and obtuse, and the lateral lobes rounded and erect, with intra-

mural calli. The lip of P. cuatrecasasii is oblong with a pair of central calli.

Pleurothallis simplicilabia C.Schweinf., Rev. Acad. Colomb. 5: 350, 1943. Fig. 58.

Ety.: From the Latin simplicilabius, “with a simple lip,” referring to an entire lip.

Plant large, epiphytic, probably caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 15-18 cm long, with a

long, tubular sheath near the middle, and 2-3 tubular, imbricating sheaths about the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, , Shortly petiolate, the blade 9-10 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, broadly

. racemose, numerous (ca. 13), simultaneous,

more or less secund, densely simultaneously many-flowered racemes, 15-25 cm long including the

peduncle ca. 3 cm long, subtended by a spathe 1.5 cm long, from an annulus just below the abscission

layer, floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.25 mm long; sepals yellow, carinate, ciliate,

the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, apiculate, 3.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, apiculate, 4 mm long, connate 2 mm, 2.5 mm wide together, each ob-

urely <-veined; petals lucent, obtuse, 2.75 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 3-veined below

ag lip yellow, fleshy, oblong-ovate, 1.75 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, the

Concave between a pair of lunate calli near the middle which grasp the column in the

sales’ Len Hon the ba 1 ee a oy , basal cavity, firmly artic-

the bulbous tip intimate} Ley oe covumn terete, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick, 0.25 mm long with

the stigma ventral, ¢ nity of the lip, the anther and rostellum sub subapical,

PERU: Cuzco: Convencién, Hda. Potrero, S$

» Sapan-Sachayocc, alt. 2200 m, 5 Mar. 1942, C.

Vargas 2543 (Holotype: Herb. Vargas: Isotype: AMES), rillustr. 15488.

This species is known only from the origi i

: ginal collection by Vargas in a dense

peta ee amiclabae The drawing was made from a flower from an isotype

ydrated in concentrated ammonia. It differs in some details from the original

“e - Some details of the habit are unknown.

umerous, slender, simultaneously many-flowered racemes far exceeding the

, spathe. The small flowers are not unusual

eee except for the oblong lip. The terete column, nearly as long as the

ca eer of the lip and is Stasped above its middle by a pair of lunate

aor are unique modifications of the pair commonly seen in this subge-

Bryce Pansies bnan tha Luer, Sp. nov. Fig. 59.

he reek siphonanthos, “with tubelike flowers,” referri Mu ae

Planta grandis dense caespitosa. tacemjs nan: ee r iN P 4

viore, spatha magna. a fol

tuncatis trinervis, labelio Cente, Pon edium in tut is, petalis grandis oblongis

f, z

ciculate, erect, 15-28 ee densely caespitose; roots numerous, slender. Ramicauls stout, fas-

base. Leaf erect, thickly conacoous pee toe sheath near the middle and 2-3 sheaths at the

the base sessile, broadly cuneate, Wega ea Oblong, subacute to obtuse, 15-18 cm long, 5-6 cm wide,

racemes 13-15 cm long including the 3-6 congested, simultaneously many-flowered

1.2 cm wide, from the base of the ea flonal tesco one Within the spathe, the spathe 3-4 cm long,

ovary 2-3 mm long; sepals light yellow, flest : rane enclosing pedicel; pedicels 3 mm long;

mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined. connate i, bere” * dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, —

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 53

the lateral sepals oblong, 6 mm long, each 3 mm wide, connate 3 mm, the free portions recurved, obtuse:

petals proportionately large, translucent white with a pink spot near the apex, broadly oblong-obovate,

subtruncate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip pale yellow, thick, ovoid, subtruncate, 3 mm long,

1.6 mm wide, the disc broadly concave, with a pair of low, rounded calli below the middle just within the

edge, and a low, —. callus at the base, the base nee ee hinged to the column-foot;

column red, stout, 1.5 mm long, th ‘oot thick, less than 1 mm long,

the anther, rostellum ye ne ventral.

PERU: Amazonas: cloud forest between Leimebamba and Balsas, alt. 3050 m, 25 Aug. 1980, C. Luer. J.

Luer, W. & H. Kéniger & M. Arias 5431 (Holotype: SEL).

This species occurs in northern Peru at an altitude over 3000 meters above sea

level. It is distinguished by the long, stout ramicauls, thickly coriaceous, sessile

leaves, and a few secund, densely many-flowered racemes nearly as long as the leaf.

The sepals are fleshy and connate to near the middle into an arched tube, only the

free parts of the laterals more or less decurved. The petals are proportionately large

and truncate. The ovoid lip, bearing a pair of calli near the middle, is broadly

hinged below a transverse carina to the column-foot. The column is stout with a

hooded apex that is minutely serrate.

Sal coe spathosa Luer & — Orquideologia 20: 86 1996. Fig. 60.

From the Latin spathosus, “with a large spathe,”’ referring to the size of the spathe.

Plant large, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots c . Ramicauls fasciculate, stout,

erect, 20-30 cm long, with a large, loose tubular elias near the he middle, and 2-3 tubular, imbricating

sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to eigen the blade 12-15 cm long,

3-4.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a sessile base. Inflorescence racemose. to 4 simultaneous,

more or less secund, densely and DSN He ee 12- 15 has along i Tong inching the peduncle

the base of the leaf, 2-3 mm below the res ay floral bracts 3 dicels 1.5 mm long;

ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals yellow, carinate, minutely ciliate, the dorsal pot elliptical-ovate -ovate, subacute to

obtuse, concave, 4.75 mm long, 3 mm wide unexpanded, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical-oblong,

subacute, apiculate, 5 mm long, * 8 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 2.5 mm; petals translucent yellow,

long-obovate, obtuse, 3 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, fleshy, trilobed, 2 mm long, 1

mm wie, the middle lobe — obtuse, the lateral bohes fi below v the middle » erect, obtuse to rounded,

each tal

transve llus ab 1 cavity. , articulated sing? ie end ‘of the column-foot;, column a 13

mm long, te: Srna 1) & 1 a ri anther

COT ONMRIA- & t rd Berlin, alt. 3300

m, 7 May 1984, C. Luer, J. ome. Escobar & E. Valencia 5 10175 ‘iaeeee MO).

Vegetatively this robust species resembles P. laevigata and its relatives; stout

ramicauls with long, inflated sheaths; large, sessile leaves; and a very large, folia-

ceous spathe. The inflorescence, however, is very similar to that of P.

small flowers with obtuse floral parts, three-veined petals, and a three-lobed lip wi

obtuse lateral lobes overlaid by rounded calli. Most distinctive of the lip is the al,

narrow, transverse callus that separates the disc from the basal cavity.

og enw: stelidiopsis Luer, a 49: 218, 1981. Fig. 61.

Ety.: N d fi he f: ied bl th is Stelis Sw.

ch incl lianas epiphytic, Acti tau Ramicauls

erect, fasciculate, slender, slightly thickened atthe bese, “cng sores

the middle and 2-3 other imbricating sheaths at the b Leaf erect, Se qagocs egoamtoas

acute, petiolate, 7-11.5 cm long including the petiole, | ; Lae, 1 An

below into into the slender peti Inflorescence a solitary, cong opal

Sh 7-18 cm long including the peduncle 3 cm long, subtended by a slende meee ‘

an annulus 2-3 mm below th jong, enclos

ing the pedicel; pedicels 1 mm long; ae aL mmm long, sepals translucent green, suffused with rose,

54 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

glabrous, the dorsal sepal broadly elliptical, concave, obtuse, subcarinate, 2.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals ovate, obtuse, subcari ¢, 2.7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm, 1-

ined; = ranous, oblong, obtuse, 1.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip ovoid,

rounded at the apex, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with the sides dilated below the middle and ; 1, the

disc smooth it ally behind a |, | th i ti

Po i

ae eens 4 at 1 £

the base broad, transversely he end, inflexibly

1 mm long, the foot thick, 0.25 mm long, the anther, rost lum and stig bap

ECUADOR: Loja: Epiphytic in cloud forest south of Yangana, alt. 2250 m, 11 May 1981, C. Luer, J.

Luer & D. D'Alessandro 6169 (Holotype: SEL).

Superficially, this species from southern Ecuador resembles a Stelis. The bases

of the slender ramicauls are densely fasciculate with imbricating sheaths. The

slender, many-flowered raceme exceeds the narrow leaf. The sepals of the tiny

flowers are obtuse and concave; the petals are broad and one-veined; and the ovoid

lip is concave within a low, U-shaped callus that runs around the apex just within

the margin. Pleurothallis stelidiopsis is closely related to P. pachypus which is

bya lip with a pair of intramarginal calli below the apex.

t- colaomn ctont

ed aEESS VEU,

Pleurothallis taxis Luer, Selbyana 5: 184, 1979. . 62.

Ety.: From the Greek taxis “a row,” referring to the secund inflorescence. =

relents ee caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls fasciculate, stout, erect, 2.5-4 cm long,

Leaf on below the middle and 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths about the

riche rae tae thickly Coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, obtuse, the 4.5-6 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide,

imo & petiole | cm long. Inflorescence a single, secund, simultaneously many-flowered

fal 4

hk fond Cn ine incading the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, spathe 12-14 mm

ace pedicels 2 lated, § mm long, 8 mm wide expanded, enclosing pedicel, ovary and part of the

veins, subcarinate yon: ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals purple, suffused with darker purple along the

long, 4 mm wide, 3 above the middle, the dorsal 1 ovate, acute, concave, 8.5 mm

acute, 35 nr Comnate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral se parallel, ovate,

long, obtuse, 4.5 “de, 3-veined, connate 3.5 mm; petals translucent, striped in purple, ob-

wie, mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined: lip flesh trate 35

i > om aps evant f low, rounded

calli above the middle, f low,

middle erect and broadly rounded ’ lus above ti base, the sides below the

thick, 1 mm long, the si ns gr rae the column-foot; column stout, 2 mm long, the foot

ECTIANOR.T 21 Rae ee mee rear : ii ae

Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & M.P ila 25634 a 12

Be sie is apparently rare, known only from the original collection from a

with peopeithonags rid arse he the smallest known in the subgenus, but

Wwers subten

the lowermost flowers, : ded by cucullate floral bracts that engulf

Cassidis with an obtuse decurved :

i : - apex, and a :

middle. The sides of the lip below th Pair of low, rounded calli above the

truding beyond the base. © middle are erect and broadly rounded, pro-

Pleurothallis tunguraguae

Ey: Named for Voein Tung AZ Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 439, 1899. Fig. 63.

Syn.: Pleurothallis tungurah USO SiG oar F discovered

rere _ a minor Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34:255, 1956.

tines Hos ¢ in size, epiphytic, commonly

near the middle, and 2-3 slender, erect, 5-40

ae tubular, bricating sheaths

terrestrial, densely caespitose; roots slender,

cm long, with a closely tubular sheath

about the thickened base. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 55

elliptical, acute to subacute, petiolate, the blade 6-20 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a

— sea e 3 cm long. Inflorescence racemose, with 2-5 simultaneous, distichous, and

any-flowered racemes, 10-13 cm long pert the peduncle 1-2 cm long, ——.

by a one adie: 9. 16 mm long, from an annulus 3-5

mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm 1 ll ish white, sometimes

with purple dashes along the veins, subcarinate, rae beet ciliate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, slightly

acuminate, concave, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, on ent eels -_ acute, apiculate,

oblique, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, 3-veined, barely petals translucent,

narrowly ovate, acute, 3-3.5 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, I-veined: lip lip sors cag gr trilobed, 2 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, the middle lobe eorett subacute to obtuse, shortly rtly acuminate, thickened, the lateral

lobes near the middle, erect, scinte, callou lightly concave below the

dl the basal cavity, articulated with the end of the column-foot;

column st out, 1-1.5 mm long, the foot thick, 0.5-1 saateg ak the bulbous tip free, the anther, rostel-

lum and stigma s ee

> Ps tocest rae Fee BY d Bafios by Vol 4 Tungura-

- = 1800-2400 m, no date, F.C. Le n 4504 bl t B; lectotype

designated: K; Isolectotypes: NY. US}; sume perp | haere 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S.

oe 425 po same area, alt. 2200 m, 17 ae 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 880 (SEL).

Carchi: terrestrial on road cut between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 2300 m, 14 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. & P. Jesup 16017 (MO); east of pass above Maldonado, alt. 2500 m, 15 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. & P. Jesup 16043 (MO); same area, alt. 2500 m, Nov. 1991, S. Hirtz 5628 (MO). Chimborazo:

— Riobamba and Baiios, 24 Apr. 1971, H. Lugo 1819 (AMES, GB). Loja: terrestrial on the road

nt north of Loja, alt. 1700 m, 5 Mar. 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1574 (SEL).

COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Pance, alt. ca. 1800 m, collected by J. Aguirre, cult. at Colomborqui-

deas, 26 Mar. 1997, R. Escobar 8299 (MO). Putumayo: Valle de Sibundoy, near Sibundoy, alt. ca. 2200

m, 23 Apr. 1963, M. L. Bristol 865 (AMES, US), C. are illustr. 17086; Facatatiosa, alt. 2400 m, 29

Sept. 1918, Bro. Ariste-Joseph A194 (holotype of var. minor: US; isotype: AMES).

PERU; Hudnuco: between Macara and Chaglia, without alt., 21 Mar. 1959, F. Woytkowski 5210

(

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, Rio Unduavi, alt. 2800 m, 4 Feb. 1980, C. . Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez

5128 (SEL).

This species occurs occasionally on the eastern slopes of the Andes, but most

frequently on the old lava beds above Bafios where the closely related P. floribunda

is exceedingly abundant. Pleurothallis tunguraguae is distinguished by the closely

appressed sheaths of the ramicauls, and racemes shorter, about as long as, or a little

longer than the leaves. The sepals are acute and slightly acuminate; the petals are

narrow, single-veined, and acute; and the callous lateral lobes of the three- lobed lip

are erect and acute. Another distinguishing character is the obtuse but often shortly

acuminate, anterior lobe of the lip which bears a low, thickened callus.

Pleurothallis vargasii C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus . Leafl. 10: 192, 1942. Fig. 64.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. C. Vargas C. of Cuzco, Peru, who discovered this species.

Plant large, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots c SC Taran

a loose, tubular sheath near the middle, and 2 3 loose, pag sheaths about the base. Leaf =

coriaceous, poco obtuse, sessile-subpetiolate, the blade 10-15 cm long, 3. ae 5 cm wi “stati

below into the base. Inflorescence few to several, sim

simultaneously ne ates 10-19 cm long including the © peduncle 23 cm long, subtended

by a conspicuous spathe 2.5-3. ong, with an

within,

7 mm long; pedicels 3 ee poalpa mm long; “sepals fleshy, s

: 4 = faint vein to

the dorsal ovate, subacute to obtuse, 6-8 mm long, 3-4.5 mm wide, News

ether side ere th han 1 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, oblign,

, 6-8 mm long, 1.75-2.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 2 mm; petals translucent, obl :

vate, subcarinate, obtuse, 3.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip fleshy, soees

mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, the apical lobe thick, a ia ad con

dle, broadly rounded with a rounded, intramural ¢ callus on the anterior margin, hallowly c

cave, with a tra ey. a=

column terete, 1.5-2 mm long, ove the concave base hinged eabepcal, he stigma vata

56 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

J: Apurimac: Abancay, forest of Altos de Ampay, alt. 3700 m, June 1938, C. Vargas 1075 (Holo-

type: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 15489; same area, alt. 3550 m, C. Vargas 2040 (AMES).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: without locality, ca. 1884, M. Bang 2564 (NY), C. Luer illustr. 17074.

- This robust species occurs at a high altitude in southeastern Peru and the adja-

cent Yungas of Bolivia where it was first collected by Miguel Bang in the nine-

teenth century. Details lacking from the incomplete Peruvian collections were

obtained from the Bolivian collection. In habit, P. vargasii is similar to several

other stout, caespitose, Andean members of the subgenus. Several simultaneously

flowered racemes about as long as the leaf are produced from a conspicuous, folia-

ceous spathe. The color of the flowers is not stated with either the Bolivian or the

Peruvian collections. The sepals, petals and the obscurely three-lobed lip with

rounded, intramural calli on the lateral lobes are basically similar to those of the

relatives of P. floribunda and P. velaticaulis.

vegrandis Luer & Dodson, sp. nov. Fig. 65.

Piy.:From the Latin vegrandis, “not large,” referring to the small habit.

' Species haec P, laevigatae Lindl. affinis, sed statura multiminore, racemo folio anguste oblongo

‘i » Spatha i sepalo dorsali obl g to obtuso tri sepalo bifurcato obtuso,

petalis ellipticis concavis subacutis trinervis. labello euhere tes eam

saat — | bracts 3 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals

long, 3 mm wide 3-veined, connate ciliate, the dorsal sepal oblong-obovate, obtuse, concave, 7.5 mm

mm long connate 3.5 i ¢ to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals oblong, obtuse, 6

subacute, 3.5 mm eon enh bifid lamina, each 3-veined; petals translucent, elliptical, concave

the apex broadly a ied raat veined; lip yellow, fleshy, suborbicular, 2.2 mm long, 2 mm wide,

featureless, with an obscure tam ney eouved, ing a retuse , the disc concave,

column 1 we callus above the cordate base, the base fixed to the column-foot;

* Stout, mm long, the foot thick e@oually I, ‘on os na Pegg slay dat pees

and stigma subapical. qually long F ‘

BCITANOp. = ae OTN goa

Dod F Pass between Yangana and Valladolid, alt. 2100 m, 24

bi 4: Embree & D. D’ Alessandro 16047 (Holotype: MO), C. Luerillustr. 17208.

subgenus c] meio, 's a dwarf member among the numerous members of the

obieik Osely allied to the P. laevigata-complex. The leaves are small and

the subgenus. Althou — Superficially do not resemble those typically seen in

raceme present on ther signe ne Pathe is conspicuous. Unfortunately, the only

insects, or damage in ssc “pecimen appears to have been shortened either from

and bore five or six flowers, oe Possibly not. It is only 2.5 centimeters long

coaleas mea is a - tree-veincd. The obtuse lateral sepals are

- The ellipti

membranous and ve. The lip is reals are proportionately large,

lacking the usual with the apex broadly retuse, and

conca

ir of calli,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 57

Bi oan velaticaulis Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 824, 1849. Fig. 66.

Ety.: the Latin aan “with covered stem,” referring to the imbricating sheaths of the

<a the Latin ieee ‘with covered foot,” thatia to the sheaths of the ramicaul.

Syn.: Pleurothallis me a Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 29, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin cr , “with a thick foot,” referring to the stout ramicaul,

Syn.: Pleurothallis Gea! Lindl, Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 29, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin trilineatus, “three-lined,” in reference to the three-veined petals.

Syn.:] Pleurothallis pichinchae Rchb-f,, Linnaea 12: 47, 1877. Fig. 67.

Syn.: Humboldtia meee Cina) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL. 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humbol. dl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldti velatiowsitt (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia velatipes (Rchb-f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 668, 1891.

Plant medium in size to ri epiphytic, densely cacspitose; roots slender to coarse. Ramicauls

fasciculate, slender, erect, 5-25 cm long, with a closely ap ddle, and 2-

3 tubular, imbricating air about the — Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute to subacute or

a rounded, the blade 5-16 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide, into a petiole 1- 1 5 cm long.

escence racemose, racomes 1 to 4 simultaneous, ] :

many-flowered, 10-33 cm luding the peduncle 2-5 cm long, subtended by a 1 slender spathe | 1-25

cm long, om an annu lus 4-5 mm I floral bract dicels 1.5-2

online

connate 1.5 mm; ie ages: marked with purple, elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 2.5-3 mm long, 1-1.5

mm wide, s-veined; a yellow, » flesh ~~ etalon 1-1.5 mm wide, the

midd ded, th 1 lot the mi middle , erect, obtuse to rounded, cal-

] ae: Es Bea!

the seme oe articulated ih the end ofthe the -column-foot; column stout, | 1- 1.5 mm long, the foot

thick, 0.

VENEZUELA: Dist. Fed.: “Caracas,” flowered in calvin at Bet, By 1848, collected by pe

s.n. (Holotype: W); Caracas, ‘‘Silla,” L. Schlim 189 (holotype of P. crassipes: K); around

1917, H. Pittier 7554 (AMES). Aragua: near Colonia ee 1854, Fendler 1472 sei EW)

Mérida: in mountains, Moritz 1053 , alt. ca. 2,000 ft., May 1958, G.C.K. Dunst

Mérida, alt. 7,000 ft., July 1846, L. Schlim 1194 (lectotype of P. velatipes: W; isolectotypes BR, LD}

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Peque, Vereda de La Tumba, alt. 2500 m, 30 June 1984, G. pt et al. 3945

; Sons6n, Alto de Buenos Aires, alt. 2000 m, collected by E. Valencia, cult. at Colomborquideas, 5

May 1993, C. Luer 16644 MO). Caldas: Rio Cauya naar enone Vieja, alt 1500 m, 27 Oct. 1883, F.

without locali

Boquerén de Chipaque, alt. antes 15 May 1951, M. oe ee Sabana near Sub

San Pedro, alt. 2620-2700 m, 13 Sept. 1961, J. Cuatrecasas & R. Jaramillo 25935 (US), Chia, Cerro de

La Balvanera, terrestrial, alt. 2800 m, 11 Sept. 1964, H. Garcta-Barrigo 18095 (COL, US); —

terrestrial, alt. 3000 m, 19 Nov. 1971, H. Garcia-Barrigo 20214 pe US); Alto

San Francisco, alt. 2600 m, 11 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar | 10251 (MO); Gutierrez, alt. 2200

m, 15 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar 10361 (MO); Me alt. 2600 m, ease

by F. Lopez, cult. at Colomborquideas, 2 Jan. 1993, R. Escobar $156 (MO). ncnbie ty ia

pa Hoya del Rio Manaure, San Antonio, alt. 1700 m, 15 on . 1959, J. Cuatrecasas & R.

343 (US). Nariio: near Tiquerres, 16 May 1876, E. André 32

<i he Fiekinion Andes of Quito, Mar. 1864 Eee nck Ole pichinchae: W),

r, alt. 2800 m, Oct. 1983, A. Hirtz 1305 (MO), west flak of Voloia Tliniza Cero Ant

alt. 2800 m, 23 23 ey 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12456 (MO). Imbabura: Montafia

2500 m, 4 Jan. 1880, F. C. Lehmann 432 (W).

PERU: “Vitoz, ” McLean s.n. (K). Without collection data, (hopotype of P. trilineata: K).

58 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is frequent and variable in its wide distribution through the moun-

tains of South America where it has acquired several names from Venezuela into

Peru. In the Greater Antilles P. domingensis had been identified as P. velaticaulis

i i istinction in 1909.

Pleurothallis velaticaulis is related to P. floribunda and P. pulchella, with

which it shares very similar flowers, especially very similar lips. Pleurothallis

floribunda is characterized by the broader leaf and several, simultaneous racemes

half or less as long as the leaf. Pleurothallis pulchella is distinguished by the

smaller, more slender habit with narrow leaf. The petals of P. velaticaulis are three-

veined while the petals of the other two are one-veined.

Pleurothallis velaticaulis is distinguished by densely caespitose ramicauls that

are noticeably longer than the elliptical, petiolate leaves. From a slender spathe

below the abscission layer one or a very few, simultaneous, more or less secund

racemes, as long as or longer than the leaf, are produced. The flowers are small,

yellow-green to pale yellow or white, but variously minutely marked or striped with

rat especially on the petals and lip. The flowers often emit an odor disagreeable

umans.

T he specimens cited by Schweinfurth for this species in the Orchids of Peru are

a mixture of several, different taxa including P. floribunda, and P. virgata as the

specimens.

is verbiformis Luer, Selbyana 2: 389, 1978. Fig. 68.

Ply.: From the Latin verbiformis, “like a lash or whip,” referring to the long, slender inflorescen

14 vipa spe epiphytic, densely E fasciculate, slender, erect, 6-

pI aore concealed by a tubular sheath and 2-3 basal sheaths. Leaf coriaceous, narrowly ellip-

petiole 1-1.Scm long. Inflorngseg lone: 1-2-2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into an indistinct

raceme of small flowers, 15-35 cm } nf Sowdes, secund, densely and simultaneously many-flowered

long; floral bracts tubular. sometimes vn ene Peduncle 6-10 cm long; spathe slender, 1-2 cm

0.5-1 mm long: 1 » Sometimes Prominent, 2-4 mm long, losing pedicel and y; pedicels

obtuse, came sate ee epals yellowish white to greenish white, minutely ciliate, elliptical,

veined, the lateral sepals 5-7 a Syiadical tube, the dorsal sepal 5-7.5 mm long, 1.8-2 mm wide, 3-

suborbicular, obtuse, 1.2-1.6 mm ‘ong, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals translucent, broadly ovate or

obtuse, 2-2.25 mm lone 1 2e none 1-1-5 mm wide, 1-to faintly 3-veined: lip yellow, elliptical-ovate,

i ek, 1-5 mm wide, with the sides suberect below the middle, the disc with a

narrow, basal cavity com —— above the middle, slightly concave above a transverse callus above a

and stigma subapical. umn stout, 1-1.5 mm long, the anther

ECUADOR: Wi locality, collected

Luer 1297 (clotpe: SE by Janet Kuhn, 1973, cult. by J & L Orchids, 12 Jan. 1977, C.

1977, C. Luer 2253 (SEL), ChimbonttY; Collected by F L Stevenson, cult. in Chamblee GA, 5 Dec.

1989, C. Lwer 18482 mtrazo: Pallatanga, alt. ca. 1500 m, cult. in Chamblee, GA, 21 Dec.

1986, C:. Luer J. Luer ty Wait: terrestrial in a forested valley near El Cisne, alt. 2350 m, 28 Feb.

Amaluza, alt, ee 12036 (MO); terrestrial on road-cut in semi- id terrain between

(MO); cloud forest remnant along then Mi 1984, C. Luer, $. Dalstrim,T. Heijer & J. Kuijt 9631

utr J. Laer A. Hrts & W. Flores 10694 (MO). St! Ross to Loja, alt. 2000 m, 20 Mar. 1985, C.

PERU:

Zaiia valley above Monte Seco, alt. 1500-2000 m,

Cajamarca: Santa Cruz,

16 Mar. 1986, M. 0. Dillon wel 3 Oe 18543

This ete : : 4

habit it Bales f psd in southern Ecuador and northern Peru. In

Luer of subgenus P/ ee ae distributed P. deregularis (Barb.Rodr.)

narrowly elliptical Hieron Itis distinguished from the latter by a longer,

Sometimes cause the rachis tn ah longer inflorescence. The floral bracts

in ate fryers a mer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 59

petals are membranous, suborbicular and 1- or faintly 3-veined. Although much

smaller, the ovate lip with the pair of calli near the middle is very similar to that of

P. ligulata and its numerous relatives. The base is narrowly concave below a trans-

verse callus.

Pleurothallis virgata Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 69.

Ety.: From the Latin esis “twiggy,” Picsnig to se rs 6%

pe we +5 MY 37 4 13. b LL. se latall ..

r | 3 | ae ee ’ r , lobis crassi-

callosis cae

, coarse, terrestrial, densely caespitose umerous. Ramicauls fasciculate,

superposed, stout to ohagecrye a 10-32 cm long below t 3-10 AG cm aa above, with a long, tubular

Leaf coriaceous,

cal-oblon s sabeaaaissthaaee re rennin ee and 3 cm wide below to 4 cm long and 1.5 cm

wide above, cuneate below into a ' petiole ca. I cm long. Inflorescence racemose, 1-3 slender, simulta-

neous, more or less secund, d fl , 7-15 cm long including

the peduncle 1-2 cm long, subtended by a spathe 8- 121 mm nm long, from an annulus 8-9 mm below the

imbricating, 3-4 mm long, enclosing pedicel; pedicels 2-3

mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals yellow-green, fleshy, ‘subcarinate, n minutely ciliate, pubescent ry

the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse, concave, 45-6 om long, 2-3.25 mm wide, oe

1 sepals at th e base, the lat ‘ovate, subacute to obtuse, 4.

long, 3-4 mm wide together, 3-veined, connate 2-2.5 mm t idd} lipti

cal-obovate, obtuse, lightly concave, 2-3 mm long, 1.2-1.75 mm wide, | ae a

accessory veins); lip yellow-green, fleshy, ovate-trilobed, 1.75-2 mm long, Imm wide, the apical lobe

thickened, rounded, the lateral lobes erect, rounded, with a thick

Hus, the b ly concave

transverse callus, articulat it ft bulb tip f th 1 fi t: col st it. 1 mm long the foot

thick, with the apex short, thick, with the apex free, the anther, I d stig tral

ERU: Cajamarca: Chota, between Hudmbos and Cochabamba, alt. 2240 m, 16 Apr. 1988, C. Diaz & S.

Baldeén 2794 (Holotype: MO; Isotype: NY), C. Luer illustr. 17075; terrestrial between Cajamarca and

a below Paso Gavilan, alt. 2900 m, 27 Jan. 1985, J. Sénchez ry. 3664A (CPUN, F), between

Cajamarca and Celendin, alt. 2950-3500 m, 18 Oct. 1986, C. Diaz S. 2162 ha MO); Cutervo, Laguiiac,

road to Cochabamba, alt. 1800 m, a Feb. 1985, S. Liatas Q. 1180 (F), San Miguel, Cerro Lanchez,

Niepos, alt. 2400 m, 18 Feb. 1992, S. Llatas Q. 3089 (F, MO), C. Luer illustr. 18541. Huancabamba:

above Huancabamba, road to Piura, alt. 1.2750 m, 10 Oct. 1957, P. C. Hutchison 1599 (AMES, F, es

UC). Hudnuco: terrestrial near Hudnuco, 31 Aug. 1985, D. Bennett & A. Bennett 3520 (MO). La

: Sanchez Carrion, in dry scrub, NW of Hudmachuco, alt. 3200-3500 m, 8 Jan. 1983, U. Molau,

M. Dillon & P. Matekaitis 432 (GB, S), C. Luer illustr. 17104.

This robust, terrestrial species is apparently endemic in central Peru where it is

apparently frequent. It was identified by Schweinfurth as P. velaticaulis. In the

subgenus it is distinguished by the prolific habit of the ramicauls. The lower rami-

cauls are stout, fasciculate, and elongate before they produce one to three —*

shorter ramicauls at the apex that are also prolific. Dense, branching, shru

plants are produced, much like Myoxanthus frutex (Schitr.) Luer. Numerous, —

gested racemes are about as long as the leaf. The flowers are small with y

sepals and a proportionately small, trilobed lip with large, rounded intramural calli.

60 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

trace epost chb.E., : Xenia Orchid. 3: 24, , 1878. Fig. 70.

ih Semehin beeen st HA. P 1846 and 1851.

Humboldti. ee f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 668, 1891.

Plant medi ize, epiphytic, densely pitos ; Toot Ramicauls fasciculate, stout,

sk bites eae, losed by a loose, tubular sh below tl -3 loose, imbri

ing sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, tacky coxtcoome, ee ns. chee, the blade 7- Pal

long, 2-2.5 cm ce 1-3 eous, distichous,

,1- Tallies Gite tc ree 1.5-2 cm long,

ettendd by end, foc rae 1 5-2. 5 em long from an annulus adjacent to the abscission

vache l bracts inflated, 4-5 mm sp y 2mm

ciliate. short-z within ah iddle, the d 1 S aliiedianl

ovate, obtuse, concave, cucullate, cpio 4.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 2

mm, the lateral sepals parallel, acutely deflexed near the middle, oblong, obtuse, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm

connate 1.5 mm; petals translucent, elliptical cal-obovate, obtuse, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

3-veined; lip fleshy, oblong, 3 mm long, 2.5 2-5 mm | wide, the apex broadly obtuse or rounded, the disc

p , continuous with the transverse

parca pee fixed to the column-f foot; column stout, 1.5 mm long, the foot

thick > le anther rmetellnn d sti

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Larecaja vicinity of Sorata, Cas Lancha de t. Manapi, alt.

3300 m, May 1860, Mandon 1128 (Holotype: W; Isotype: ii NY),C, ecto 1673

This species is widely distributed in the Andes from southern Ecuador into

Bolivia where it was first collected by Mandon. It is very closely related to P.

cassidis, but vegetatively, the two species are readily distinguishable. Instead of

large, broadly elliptical lea leaves bome by stout ramicauls, the leaf of P. weddelliana

ul.

Yeo ret aa >a, & Warsz.) Rchb Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 172 1861,

—

Xiphiausa from the srl fea oe gma phe crit apse ana

Bh Fem te Gr crocodeilanthe Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 1859,

nt reek krokodeilanthos, ‘a crocodile-flower,” in iter to the appearance of the

tans Hie phi Ka Rev. Gen. Pl. 666, 1891.

Plant medium in size densely caespitose; roots coarse, numerous. Ramicauls

fasciculate, stou ©, epiphytic,

fecal tom, 912 ng, i asad tubular sheath near the middle, and 2-3 loose , tubu-

eae the blade 10-14 iaceous, ¢ elliptical, acute to subacute, subpe-

densely and ay cae 23 an lea cuneate te below i into the base. Inflorescence e a secund,

subtended by a spathe 25-35 om em long, from an annul mm below abs cission raat a al brects

inflated, cucullate, obtuse, 10-12 mm long, enclosing the podrnn a a

yellow,

te la i orn, mba

Spots, broadly ellipti the apex subacute, shortly bifi bifid; petals translucent, with a

ly rounded; lip yellow, with a <al-obovate, 7 mm long, 4.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broad-

i apex . th Wn spots, suborbicular, slightly concave, 4.5 mm long, 4.5

attached to the end of the column-foot cts, With a transverse callus above the basal cavity, firmly

subapical, the rostellum and stigma stout, 4 mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long, the anther

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 61

PERU: source of the Rio Marafion, J. R. von W (Holotype: W; Isotype: K). Piura: above

Canchoque before Cima, terrestrial on wind-blown slopes, alt. 3200 m, 21 Feb. 1988, D. Bennett, A.

Bennett & G. Bennett 4258 (MO).

ECUADOR: Carchi: Paramo El Angel, between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 1600 m, 1 Aug. 1985, C. H.

Dodson & A. Embree 16140 (MO); t Tulcan, alt.

3250 m, 14 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup & A. a a we

This infrequent species was first collected in northern Peru nearly a century and

a half ago by Warszewicz, and recently by David Bennett. It also has been found

recently as far as northernmost Ecuador growing on a road embankment. It is

characterized by the robust stature with inflated sheaths about the fascicled rami-

cauls. The stout, secund racemes of elongated flowers emerge from a large spathe

at the base of the subpetiolate leaf. The base of each flower is contained within a

large, inflated floral bract. The sepals, the longest of the subgenus, are multi-

veined. The petals and the lip are broadly obovate with rounded apices. The lip

possesses only the transverse callus above the concavity at the base.

Pleurothallis zunagensis Luer & Hirtz, sp.nov. ; Fig. 72.

biaeibns haec P. , > DLB £ affinis, 4 . f li b iorib lahalt, q 1

a . ender. Ramicauls fascicu-

late, erect, 12-17 cm long, rasa Pa a a tubular sheath above the vaale and 2-3 other

sheaths about the base. Lea coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, petiolate, ae aoe a

taneously

florescence 1-3 s

1 racemes, 11-12 cm long including the podencle 2 2-5 cm long, subtended bya a —

cate ca. 1] cm long, from an annulus 1 cm belo

ecw: ovary 2mm long; sepals yellow, ovate, weedy

the sparsely

Fr ‘concave below the middle, convex with revolute sides above the middle, short-citiate,

the dorsal 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals 5.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm;

petals yellow, obovate, obtuse, 2.5 mm long, 1.25 mm _ 3-veined; lip yellow, thick, eri a

15 wom Sag, 0.9 mm wide, the apex rounded, convex, cellular-glandular, the lateral lobes below

middle, erect, Tounded, callous-thickened, the disc concave a wahog the lobes, : —_ with a broad, ——

mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm I long with the apex free, the aii

ECUADOR: Pastaza: epiphytic in cloud forest along Rio as alt. 2400 m, 28 Feb. 1990, A. Hiriz, S.

Dalstrém et al. 4628 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 1493

This species is similar to P. velaticaulis, but differs in the long, tubular, cauline

sheath above the middle, shorter racemes, flowers with the sides of the a

markedly revolute, and the most distinctive lip. The lip is smaller than the short,

ca column, and articulated to the tip of the free base of the column by a very

mall, superficial, basal cavity. The apical lobe is convex with a callus. The lobes

near the middle are erect and rounded with the anterior margin thickened. Below

the middle the disc is concave.

wide, the base cuneate into a pee 1 cm long. In

many-fl

Tit. E Eee hs iH 1

Fig. 3. Pleurothallis apposita

Fig. 4. Pleurothallis atwoodii

—— eae

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 63

Fig. 10. Pleurothallis cauliflora

Fig. 12. Pleurothallis cosangae

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 15. Pleurothallis cyathiflora

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

rye-$s

f PERS

7 PR

a BO

S “ans

VERS

Eee

Yeas Vint

re,

Fig. 22. Pleurothallis gal

Fig. 21. Pleurothallis fons-florum

RANE

SAT Uae Tite S$ =

pe aNe Se

Fig. 23. Pleurothallis galeata

(Pleurothallis quinquecall osa)

woos tak

B .

~ tne by

| sever!

“ oa NEY ne a ry,

SES! Ba”. rah ata, pers 6 sii

O oe OED Vea | yd) pee ea

A LUN a) ed aT Pri Fi 2

a a Welirimivan: SoS ( etal te =D)

er 4, -t3

“i Ne Ey, RN

og) TAS TN Oe ae

1] ZR SI TO LET Rima

ore fa mrs 74 NIN ey Aid Ae aces

[Al (4 geet tan, Whey ae

Sa,

Md RY - =,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 29. Pleurothallis j

Fig. 32. Pleurothallis laevis

Fig. 31. Pleurothallis laevigata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

IyWUVwVweuYwoo,

yyy

rAd

om aM, gl Iv teftayetty WWW.

“ aia a ¥

Fig. 36. Pleurothallis ligulata

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 38. Pleurothallis mandonii

Fig. 37. Pleurothallis ligulata (Pleurothallis hopfiana)

Wi w,

So g

a Y wy

NAR AA

We Sw w ty Sew v < : .

Dk hh de G6 oh oh a

HABA A RA ha ®

Fig. 40. Pleurothallis molleturoi

Fig. 39. Pleurothallis maxima

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

th iM

WY py

WA &

a, UGK.

Fig. 44. Pleurothallis pachypus

eR, ee ee ey ee ne es ee i a es

e ’ are : eee oe ee nn

; = “ Se ee Tee ae Pe Peet Scie

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 73

Ae a SS A

P. as

WET. Wi

A dAsy

AVA Set

‘a e

Fig. 48. Pleurothallis pilifera

Fig. 47. Pleurothallis pennelliana

74 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 52. Pleurothallis pulchella

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 56. Pleurothallis salpingantha

Fig. 55. Pleurothallis rictoria

Pleurothallis simplicilabia

Fig. 58.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

th4tlis scansor

Pleu id, :

AGRRAA

3mm

Fig. 57

Pa OC Lin

aa AE,

4 - . v4 (as}

Ce LO aa Cs igo

Fig. 60. Pleurothallis spathosa

ep SPs

tH ated:

Fig. 59. Pleurothallis siphonantha

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 77

Fig. 64. Pleurothallis vargasii

Fig. 63. Pleurothallis tunguraguae

78 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 68. Pleurothallis verbiformis

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

ee nn he ee

Fig. 70. Pleurothallis weddelliana

Fig. 69. Pleurothallis virgata

Fig. 72. Pleurothallis zunagensis

Fig. 71. Pleurothallis xiphizusa

80 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

naraniensis 46

palmiformis 14

pilifera 43

pulchella 46

Toseopunctata 21

sphenochila 46

trilineata 57

velaticaulis 57

velatipes 57

weddelliana 60

xiphizusa 60

Myoxanthus frutex 59

Pleurothallis 1, 4,

29, 38, 45, 59

subgen. atae 1]

subgen. Pleurothallis 3, 58

sect.

sect. Tubuliflorae 3

Pleurothallis aligera 1, 4,8, ;

aloisii 3.4.9 tL, Fig 2 ep as

1,4, 9, 12, Fig. 3,

atacasana 4, 35

atwoodii 4,9, 12, “ae

4, 10, 13, Fig. 5., 30

avirostris 1

batillacea 4, 10, 13, Fig. 6., 14, 38

bogotensis 4, 46

bucaramangae 4, 9, 14, Fig. 7.

pre 2,4, 7, 15, Figs. 8, 9., 16, 19, 32, 33,

cauliflora 4, 8, 16, Fig. 10.

—— ‘ ng 17, Fig. 11.

1,3, 4, 6, 11, 18,21, 28,

cackigate Ot

cosangae 14 i018 Pg

Lindl.

jemeaake

Pleurothallis croatii 1, 4, 6, 18, Fig. 13.

none yee

cuatecasasii 4, 6, 19, Fig. 14., 52

cyathiflora 4, 9, 19, Figs. 15., 16.

deregularis 58

en 4,22

rural 3, 4, 8, 20, Fig. 17., 21, 28

elegans 1,4, 57, 17, 21, Fig. 18., 22, 33, 47

endotrachys 4,34

exotica 4, 16,

expansa 4, 6, 22, Fig. 19

floribunda P. Poepp. & Endl. Tia ee

25, 48, 56, 58

floribunda

~—aatiagary 4,8, 10, 23, ss he 2. 26, 38

4,3

ima)

4, 26, 27,2

galeata 4,5, 8, ini 22., 23. 24.,. 27,

28, 38

galerasensis 1,4, 6, 28, Fig. 25., 46

28, Fig.

gigas 4,

hartwegii 4, 16,31, 33

infundibulosa 4, 7, 29, Fig. 27.

jamesonii 4,5, 10, 13,30, Fig, 28, 31, 44, 4

jurisdixii 4, 9, 31, Fig. 29.

2, 4, 5, 7, 16, 31, Figs. 30., 31., 32,

3, 56

4,7, 33, Fig. 32., 34

1,4, 10, 34, Fig. 33., 34, 37

Fig.

pellucida’ 1, 5, 9, 37, 42, Fig. 46.

pennellii 1,5, 10, 37, 43, Fig. 47.

Rehbf.

pilifera 5, 10, 43, Fig. 48., 46

Pittien 5,23

Pleiostachys 5,14

i > »25

Popayanensis 5, 6, 44, Fig. 49., 45

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 81

Pleurothallis potamophila 5

praealta 1s 6,30, 45, Pig. St 45

procera 5,49

prolificans 1, 5,6, 44, 46, 45, Fig. 51.

pteroglossa 5,

pulchella 1, 2, 4,5, 8, 21, 26, 37, 46, Fig. 52.,

4 58

stelidiopsis 5, 8, 41, came 54

taxis 5,7, 9, 54, Fig. 62

Pleurothalli ‘énsi

trianae 5, 26, 27, 28

5, 46

tunguraguae 5, 8, $4, Fig 6, 55

ies is t rr 5S, Fig 64, 56

vegrandis 1,5, 8, 56, Fig. 65.

velaticaulis 2, 3,5, 10,21, 26,28 31, 48, 49,

53, ee ae se ak

velatipes 5

82 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

REFERENCES

Akerman, J. D., 1995. Orchid Flora of Puerto Rico, 132-135.

Coaniaux, A., 1910. Orchidaceae Antillanae in Urban, tban, Symbolae Antillanae 402

DRESSLER, R.L., 1981. The orchid 1 history Harvard University Press, Cam-

DUNSTERVILLE, G.C.K. & L.A. GARaY, 1959-1976. Venezuelan Orchids

Illustrated.

of Venezuela, An Illustrated Field Guide, vol. 3.

Fopats, “at 1970. oo a a Flom of Venezuela 15, Orchidaceae 2: 173-452.

Pleurothallis,

+» 1859, Folia Orchidaceae 1-46.

Luer, C. ae Icones Pleurothallidinarum III. Systematics of Pleurothallis. Monogr. Syst. Bot. 20:

ScuweInruRTH, C., 1959. Orchids of Peru. Fieldiana Bot. 30, pt. 2.

CORRIEGENDA TO ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM - 15

* * , : es sttasct

al “rf f & os re 31 It

should read:

patula Luer, sp. nov.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora-Chinchip f th f Loj i 2250 m, 22 May 1988, C.

Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A A net Regu 195 Mo

Due to a typographical error, the citation of Tri. ry 3, “7 29 cl Wa 7

Trichosalpinx psilantha Luer & Vasquez, sp. nov.

BOLIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: Inquisivi, epiphytic in cloud forest between Inquisivi and Cirquata, alt. 2500

m, 27 Jan. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. ye maine era 8 SEL). ip

ae Vasquez before the segregation

of Trichosalpinx from Pleurothallis.) wits

Due to to an EE SS Sei ck San OT ae lea ae a a meee ,

show’ bk ai Ae ete ae eee page 1, and on page 16 it

CORRIEGENDUM TO NOVON 1(4): 170, 1991

isht the hola: af Ad. ae |

Due to “rf

The collection should read: peices

Masdevallia rubeola Luer & Vésquez, sp. nov.

TYPE: Bolivia. La Paz: Prov. of of Nor Yungas, north of Caranavi, 1

Vv > vi, 1,550 m, collected 26 Jan. 1988 by R.

mee » flowered in cultivation by P. and A A. Jesup in Bristol, CT, Aug. 1988, C. Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF THE SUBGENUS RHYNCHOPERA

OF PLEUROTHALLIS (ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

Subgenus Rhynchopera (Klotzsch) Luer of Pleurothallis R.Br. is described.

A key to the species is given. Each pecies is described and ill d with a

black and white drawing.

This taxon was proposed by Klotzsch in 1844 as a monotypic genus when he

described Rhynchopera pedunculata. In 1850, Reichenbach reduced the species to

Pleurothallis. Since that time, 20 additional binomials in Pleurothallis for closely

related taxa or variations thereof, encompassing only eight valid species as rec-

ognized today, have been proposed. These species were segregated into subgenus

Rhynchopera of Pleurothallis (Luer, 1986).

Pleurothallis lanceolata, customarily referred to this group of allied species, has

been in confusion for a century and a half. Humboldtia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav6n

[Stelis lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav6n) Pers.] was transferred to Pleurothallis by Lindley

in 1830 in his Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. In his Folia Orchida-

cea Pleurothallis of 1859 he cited a collection by Fendler made in Venezuela

between 1854 and 1856 also as P. lanceolata, and in his ium this specimen is

labeled as the type, which, of course, it cannot be. The latter species is P. peduncu-

lata (Klotzsch) Rchb.f. :

In Reichenbach’s herbarium, side-by-side sterile plants of two different species,

apparently collected by Pavén in Peru, are labeled P. lanceolata Lindl. One is a

large Stelis; the other of about the same size with a large spathe is most likely a

Species attributable to this subgenus. Lindley apparently was referring to these two

Specimens when he made the combination P. lanceolata.

Vegetatively, the subgenus is characterized by well-developed ramicauls anda

large leaf with a distinct, more or less twisted petiole. A large, conspicuous, condu-

Plicate spathe emerges apically from the ramicaul at, or immediately below, the

abscission layer. The racemes are usually weak with delicate, ephemeral flowers.

sepals are membranous, acute, and often attenuated. The petals are also elon-

gate, but sometimes thickened. The lip is simple with the truncate base firmly and

inflexibly attached to the pedestal-like base of a ere: — esse bigs an

apical anther and stigma. The pair of ovoid pollinia a minute viscidium.

Most species of ‘his subgenus are closely allied, and boundaries between them

are sometimes indistinct with i diate forms. Seven species are confined to the

humid forests of Central America and the Andes from coastal Venezuela to central

Bolivia with one disjunct species on Hispani

Hispaniola. nt

Vegetatively, some unrelated species of Pleurothallis are deceptively een

with a racemose inflorescence produced from a large, conduplicate spathe at .

base of a petiolate Leaf, i.e., in the subgenus Crocodeilanthe (Rchb.f. & Warsz.

Luer and subgenus the Dracontea Luer. A similar habit with single flowers occurs

in subgenus Talpinaria.

84 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SUBGENUS RHYNCHOPERA

a SRL neal bg Rhy L p (Klotzsch) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 20: 70,

hin Link, Klotzsch & Ott », Ie. PL Rar. 2: 103, 1844,

Ety.: a tea oe “a banked ag,” in allson tothe spperance ef the owe,

, epiphytic, pitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender to stout,

ssl, ies § sloth fing: th sheath below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths about the b Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, oblong to ovate, acute to obtuse, the base cuneate into a more or less twisted,

petiole. Inflorescence | to 3, erect to arcuate, loose, distichous, simultaneously few- to many-

flowered racemes, borne > by a slender of em within a large conspicuous, , compressed, foliaceous

spathe, f:

thin, m less inft dicels slender; ovary cylindrical, round i in cross section; sepals

bra glabrous, ovate, acute, the lat etals often

as long as panei acute, ciliate or glabrous; lip entire, t

of aed below te mide, te the base truncate, ay cede both clon column

he po

stout, semiterete, with

gu ianeiny hers joel peremsbghawe less granular, m less adh

EPITHETS ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBGENUS RHYNCHOPERA

OTHALLIS

DESCRIBED IN PLEUR

AND LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Pleurothallis aggeris Luer. Fig. 1

Pleurothallis capillifera Luer & nn = P. schweinfurthii

Pleurothallis claudei Rchb.f. ex Dod Fig. 2

is dasypetala Luer & Hirtz Fig. 3

fastidiosa I yer Fig. 4

Pleurothallis intermedia Schltr. = P. loranthophylla

Plewrothallis lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Lindl.

is lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav. ) Pers.

Plewotheitis lanceolata sensu Lindl. 1859 = P. pedunculata

Pleurothallis lanceolata var. gracilis C. Schweinf. = = P. schweinfurthii

is loranthophylla Rchb.f. .. Fig. 5.

Pleurothallis ao var. pellucida Regel = P. loranthophylla

is micklowii L

Pleurothallis navicularis Lindl = = -P. loranthophylla

) Rchb.f. Fig. 7.

Pleurothallis pedunculata var, peruviana C. Schweinf. = P. —

Pleurothallis punctata (H.Karst.) Schltr. = P, loranthophylla

schweinfurthii Garay............. Fig. 8

Pleurothallis spathata Schltr, = P.

ae subpellucida Klotzsch = P. loranthophy’

eurothallis violaceorosea Schltr. = P. loranthophylla

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 85

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS RHYNCHOPERA

1 Spathe less than 2 cm long 2

1’ Spathe more than 3 cm long 3

2 Sepals and petals less than 5 mm IONQ.............sscssssssessssesessenenssessneneenee P. micklowii

2’ Sepals and petals ca. 13 mm long P. claudei

3 Petals glabrous 4

3’ Petals pubescent or ciliate 8

4 Lip flat without i d 5

4’ Lip more or less concave with incurved margins in the lower third 6

5 Petals attenuate; lip ovate to narrowly ovate, shorter than the sepalls.............+-

P fastidiosa

5’ Petals filiform above the base; lip subulate, about as long as the sepalls.......-..+-.++-

P L .

yey Ee |

6 Sepals less than 25 mm long; lip more than half as long as the sepalls............ssss07

6’ Sepals more than 25 mm long; lip one-third as long as the sepals. ee aggeris

7 Inflorescence few-flowered (up to 6 flowers); sepals usually 15-20 mm long.........

P. pedunculata

7’ Inflorescence several- to many-flowered; sepals usually 6-12 a long...... eeepc

hwll

8 Sepals 8-10 mm long; petals ciliate-pubescent; lip 6-7 mm long, — rams

8° ly long-pubescent; li mga, pes

epals 6 mm long; petals densely long-pu P P. dasypetala

86 ICONES payers aL RARE

Pleurothallis aggeris eris Luer, Lindleyana 11: 143, 1996. Fig. 1.

Ety.: From the Latin agger, aggeris, “‘a dam, ite dam site where the species was

found.

Syn.: Pleurothallis lanceolata sensu Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. 5, 1830.

Ety.: From the Latin Janceolatus, “lanceolate,” referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Pleurothallis pedunculata var. tear her Bot. Mus. Leafl. 16: 54, 1953.

Ety.: Named for Peru, the country of

Plant large, epiphyti ial d Ramicauls stout, erect, 10-27 cm long,

with a closely fitting, tubular Goa bis de cam ca ts ther sh Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, subacute, petiolate, a Siac 3.5-5 cm wide, the base connie into

the petiole 2-2.5 cm long. Inflore: chous

srpeogossan cm on bome by a slender poe pe win faiacsous ge es 5-7 cm long, 1-1.2 cm

mm long; pedicels 9-10 mm

1 I , Spotted with light purple,

rh dire mea acute, 25-27 mm long, 2:75 mm wd, 3-veined, the lateral

sepal i ina, shallowly concave below the middle, 25-

27 mm long, 5 mm wide, 6-veined; petals yell nip agen narrowly linear-triangular, acute,

attenuate, 25 mm whine 2.25 mm wide at the base, 3-veined; lip greenish whit, ovate, obtuse, 8 mm

long, 4m . ; solidly

sttac aS bk th ih £41 1. << o . oe

umn; , stout, semiterete, 3 mm long, the anther,

pretalices A - Md 7 sh. p ae LL +

ROTIA NOD. AA,

ed eee fa alley ¢ f Paute, alt

1500 m, July 1977,C. ie J tuer G G. Luer & A. Andreetta 1632 Gidenwoes SEL); near Campament

alt. 1 1650 m, 24 Mar. Pst C. Luer & J. Luer 15248 (MO).

U: Calla above Leimebamba, alt. 2400 m, 26 Mar. 1964, P.

date pen Benet 4349 OER, weigh Hu&nuco: Yanano, alt. ca. 1800 m, Macbride 3849

Without | Sete gn gn (Ww).

This species, the largest-flowered of the subgenus, is known from the Andes of

southeastern Ecuador and adjacent Amazonian Peru. Except for its large size, it is

vegetatively similar to the other members of the subgenus. A sterile collection by

narrow, long-acuminate sepals and petals. The ovate lip is concave in the lower

half, » thickened at the apex, and only a third the length of the sepals and petals. It is

often — to P. pedunculata. The lip of the smaller P. schweinfurthii is long-

attenuate, approaching the sepals in length.

Bigg -beyrsrarbir ems Rchb-f. ex ies ee case Se 1978. Fig.

Named i first collected this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. an erect, 3.5-7 cm long, with

’ - ig, wilh a

cote ea ay Sheath below the middle and and 2-3 other sheaths about the base. Le Leaf erect, coria-

ceous, oR Tong ernie, 3-7-5 em long, 1.1-1.8 om wide inthe dry state, the base cuneate into a

em long i ndinone Inflorescence an erect, loose, secund y , 6-12

Spot a tng the slender peduncle 3-6 cm long, borne fom a spate 7-15 am mm long, from near the

i seat, bracts oblique, acute, 4-5 mm long; pedicels aon ag ovary 4mm

Sais prpeeatpamed atone » the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, 13.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide,

13.5 mmlong, 4mm am wide, veined; petal labrons lige oe slowly concave ani.

— a

total

Mine cas rote ceed umn te nee

eon nea he base ofthe column; column stout, semiterete, 3.5 mm long, the anther

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 87

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Hierba Buena, Hondo Valle, alt. 1300 m, 17 May 1975, -s — ns 527

(Holotype: JBSD; Isotypes: AMES, SEL, NY, US); perio Sierra del Baoruco, alt. .

1973, D. D. Dod 377 (JBSD); “Santo Domingo,” without locality, L. C. Richendsm. (2 ¥ W). i

illustr. 16549.

This species was first collected by L. C. Richard in the nineteenth century, and

specimens are present at P (Paris) and in Reichenbach’s herbarium at W (Vienna).

They are simply labeled “‘Santo Domingo, Richard, Claudii.’”’ There are no notes

about habitat, altitude, or color, but the Rev. Don Dod has discovered this species

twice in recent years in the Dominican Republic.

Pleurothallis claudei is distinguished from the others in subgenus Rhynchopera

by the small habit with an unusually small spathe. A few flowers, similar to and

about the same size as those of P. loranthophylla, are borne in a loose, erect

raceme. Most distinctive are the petals that are longer than the sepals. Above a

membranous, elliptical lower third, the petals are contracted into a long, subulate,

terete apex.

Pleurothallis dasypetala Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 158, 1996. Fig. 3.

Ety.: From the Greek dasypetalon, “‘a hairy petal,” referring to the shaggy-pubescent petals.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, » caespitose; roots slender. _Ramicauls slender, erect, 6-8 cm long,

with a tubular sheath below th ut the base. Leaf erect, thinly coria-

ceous, ss petiolate, 7- -8.5 cm long, 2 cm wide, sy hace selcnandanece otis oot.

In ce a weak, sr ia ay oi ea cae ee a -

the 4

lowered raceme, 2.5 cm

ong, from near the apex ee the ramicaul; floral bracts ae ,, infundibular, acute, 2.5 mm long;

podieal 2.5 mm a Songs ovary purple, 2.5 mm long; sepals translucent rose, ated ae red-purple,

glabrous, the do rsal sepal ovate, acute, Smee leg, Se eae aera ret anaer

mbes dhe: pest-Saksian petvke citincie, GUR4. Gracaes Walia Sol ae a

petals rose, spotted with densely long-pubescent extemally and marginally, ovate, oblique,

5.5 mm long, 2mm erg lip purple oblong, concave below the middle with erect margins, 4

mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex acute solidly attached to

the base of the irene column white, stout, semiterete, 2 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma

apical, the foot

ADOR: acai nies Cordillera de Nanguipa, north of Nambija, alt. 1400 m, June 1991, A.

Hirtz 5513 (Holotype: MO), C. Luerillustr. 15518.

This species is apparently restricted to the low cordilleras east of the a

Andes. It is most similar to the widely distributed P. loranthophylla. be Ba

the two species are indistinguishable. Pleurothallis dasypetala is distinguished i

the short, congested raceme of smaller flowers. The synsepal is broad, concave =

bifid at the apex. The petals are proportionately wider and shaggy-pubescent ex

nally, not just ciliate on the margins. The lip is short, broad and

middle. The apex is acute with an upcurved apiculum.

Pleurothallis fastidiosa Luer, Selbyana 3: 300, 1977. Fig.

Ety.: From the Latin fastidiosus, “fastidious,” alluding to the delicate flowers.

Plant medium in size, , epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, er Bern

sea pe bess connie ee

thinly coriaceous, narrowly ovate, acute, petiolate, 6-12 cm long, 2-3.5 cm wide,

the 1 cm long petiole Inflorescence a (occasionally 2) weak, arcuate, » loose, distich ES Ps

Several bome by a slende

long, Aevananpl Ppt b racts oblique, acts, 2-3 mm lng: pedicels 29

long; Ovary spotted with purple, 4 mm long; sepals transinceat yellow-2reeD, spotted

88 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

brous, the dorsal asses. “—_ sees: Logie mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

completely the middle, 10- he eats Song. 4.55 wien

4-veined: acute, acuminate, mm long, 1 mm wide,

3-veined at the base; tp sam spite lighly 5 spotted with purple, ovate, acute, 6-9 mm anes 2 mm

wide, or slightly se of lumn;

semiterete, 1.5 mm long, ihe sadine Se is Me 1, th Ct kent

ECUADOR: N felled h of Archidona, alt. ca. 1000 m, , 27 July 1915, C. Laer

G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 670 | Oia Tolappe SEE: i 1000

m, 28 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. shaper ye ape ec a 1000 m, 13 Oct. i984, “i Hire &

C. Dodson 2024 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: terrestrial on slope betw ja and Zamora,

1600-1650 m, 21 Apr. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. p shasta B. Lgjtnant & B. Dligaard 4030 ae,

AMES, K, NY); Nambija, alt. 1300 m, Feb. 1987, A. Hirtz 3294 (MO).

In habit this species is very similar to most of the others of the subgenus. It is

apparently restricted to the eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador. The flowers are

medium-sized with a spotted, narrowly ovate dorsal sepal and synsepal between 10

and 12 millimeters long, and subulate petals. The most distinguishing feature is the

lip that is less than 9 mm long, between a half to two-thirds the length of the synse-

pal. It is narrowly ovate, acute, flat, rigid and somewhat thickened for the entire

length. The flowers are most similar to those of P Schweinfurthii which are signifi-

cantly larger with a subulate lip about as long as the synsepal

Pleurothallis $loranthophylla Rehb-f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 674, 1852. __ Fig. .

Bex + NT.

Sea Rhynchopera punctata ties Auswahl selt. Gew. Venez. 21, t. 7, 1848, neither Pleurothal-

ag ca Ker-Gawi 1823 nor Lindl. 1835

Ety.: From the Latin punctatus , “punctate,” ing ted fen.

Syn.: Pleurothallis navicularis Lindl, Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 6, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin navicularis, “boat-shaped,”’ referrin: Dee wa: lip.

Syn.: Pleurothallis subpellucida Klotzsch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. App. 1, 1852.

Ety.: From the Latin subpellucidus, “semitranslucent,” referring to the sepals.

) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 666, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis intermedia Schltr “ot Hane Beih. 6: 85, 1919.

Sooner rare tna sng ten si bet P

loranthophylla and P.pedunculata.

Sm. Plerothalis puntata (i Karst) Schltr, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 6: 63, 1919,

ar es Ne Bat

ste ee 2

sein ge ss ye os

into the ——- ison long petiole. Inflorescence a (occasionally 2) weak, a ie arcuate, lose, distichous, simul

ered raceme, — bore by

spathe 3.5-5 cm long, from near the apex of the see

; a blig , acute, 2-3 mm long;

purple, 3 mm Sepals translucent yellow-green,

Ee ser wa epee eno mnt lw en

8. wide, 3- lateral sepals completely connate into an ovate, acute, shallowly

concave lamina, 7-14 mm long, 45 saa wag? 4-veined; petals yellow

koe neoater reiren

and i

thin th

aached to the base of the column; column the

‘hss oe green, stout, semiterete, 2 mm long,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 89

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: humid f Santiago de San Ramon, alt. 1075 m, Nov. 1921, A. M. Brenes

153 (holotype of P. violaceorosea presumably destroyed at B, lectotype: CR; i : AMES, NY);

without locality, ca. md Endres 621 heel Palmira, Alfaro Ruiz, alt. 2400 m, 16 May, 1938, A. Smith

593 (NY). Limén: P: acional Braulio Carrillo, Carrillo Station, alt. 630-780 m, 15 Nov. 1990, S.

Ingram & K. Ferrell- fa aa a (AMES, CR, F, K, MO, SEL).

PAN Ve : alt. m, 1976, C. Luer & R. Dressler 1256 (SEL).

COLOMBIA: Magdalena: St. po Nevada de Santa s.n. (holotype of P. navicularis:

K); Antioquia: Colorado between Amalpi and Carolina, alt. 2000 m, 23 Sept. 1884, F.C. Lehmann

CLXXIII es K); Munic. of Urrao, Hda. Chuzcal, alt. 2000 m, cult. at Colomborquideas, 10 Apr. 1988, C.

Luer 13121 (MO). Cauca: El Hatico above Popayan, alt. 1600 m, July 1889, F. C. Lehmann 7138

(AMES, K, NY); highlands of Popayan, alt. 1600-2000 m, Feb. 1900, F. C. Lehmann B.T.306, 309

(AMES, "GN NY, W); El Hatico abo we Popayan, alt 1600 m, July 1889, EC. Lehmann 7138 ae

F.C. Lehmann s.n., H.K.116

ft., 23 Sept. 1946, M. B. Foster 1765 (AMES ).

VENEZUELA: Dist. Fed.: “Caracas,” H. Wagener 148 (Holotype W, as Rhynchopera punctata H.

Karst.); H. Wagener s.n. (holotype of P. subpellucida: W); near Caracas, imported by K. W. John, a

Andemach, Germany, June 1906, K. W. John s.n. (holotype of P. intermedia

here designated: AMES 23183, illustr. of type); a shy scene alt. 1500-1635 m, 15 Nov.

ise. J. A. Steyermark 92025 (AMES). Aragua: near i to road, alt, 1300-1500 m,

12 Oct. 1965, J. A. Steyermark 94377 (AMES); slog sec Cheek alt. 5,000 ft., Sept.

1958, K. Dunsterville 472; cult. at El Hatillo, 25 July 1982, C. Luer 8093 (SEL), Parqué

Henry Pittier, alt. 1300-1400 m, 20-25 Oct. 1961, J. A. Steyermark 89794, 89887 ).

Jan. 1961, A. Aristeguieta & F. Tamayo 4468 (NY); Maracay, Rancho Grande, alt. 1375 m, 18 Apr.

1978, R. Owens & K. Gaffee s.n. (K).

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Centinella, alt. ca. 600 m, cult. in Chamblee, GA, by F L Stevenson 91-1212-1

(MO). Loja: Numbala, above Valladolid, < 1700-2000 m, July 1986, D. D’ Alessandro 733 (MO).

Napo: Borja, alt. 1500 m, 5 Oct. 1984, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta 1946 (MO); 44 Km ena, alt.

3,900-4, 000 ft, 16 Aug. 1978, G. L. Webster 23240 (MO, UC-Davis). Tungurahua: , alt.

1200 m, 12 Nov. 1955, E. Asplund 18405 (S). Morona-Santiago: Dos Monos, Oct. 987, cult, at

Chamblee, GA, by F L Stevenson 90-0102-1 (MO). F.C, 4

(K, H.K.132); Rio Palanda south of —— alt. ry 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz &

W. Flores ee fips Rio Jamboe n m, cult. blee, GA, 27 Jan, 1990, F L

on 90-0127-1 (MO); upstream ion vad alt. 1700-1800 m, 16 Apr. 1986, D. D’

585 (MO). ;

PERU: Husnuco: Tingo Maria, alt. 650 m, 28 June 1958, F. LF Wicgneel Me | (AMES); —

Jacintillo, Rio Monzén, alt. 700-900 m, 29 June 1976, J. Schunke 9463 (F, MO); same area, alt. 680-

m, 13 July 1978, J. Schuncke 10358 (F, MO). Loreto: south of Tingo Maria, collected by - nee

J. cul. 1975, C. Luer 1273 (SEL). Junin: Tarma, Utcuyacu, alt. 1900m, 14 Feb. 1948, F. Woytkows:

'56 (AMES, UC). ?San Miguel, K. Tokach P-2 (MO).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor se hacienda Simaco, above the way to Tipuani, alt. 1400 m, Feb. yo

Buchtien 5013 (holotype of P. spathata presumably destroyed at B; lectotype here ange :

: US); same data, O. Buchtien 5014 (AMES); Copia oe Taos Naphanante

Aer oo J.C. Solomon & M. Uehling 12183 (MO); Sud Yungas, cult. a Saat Cima

1980, C. Luer 5045 (SEL). Cochabamba: near Villa Tunan, alt. 350 m, 30 Jan. genes

Lara 18312 MO). Santa Cruz: Santa Cruz, alt. 600 m, cult. by Dr. Luis Moreno,

R. Vasquez 12979 (MO).

This species is widely distributed from Central America through the Andes into

Bolivia. It is little more than a small form of P. pornache with which it is

sympatric in the northern part of the Andes. Pleurothallis loranthophylla is nes

guished by the smaller habit and more numerous, aie that are 0

spotted. The lips of both species are concave in the lower

The petals “e <a iene forms with glabrous petals being anger

quent in the northern parts of the Sa, mb

frequent in the southern parts of the distribution. The latter from tS

scribed as P. spathata. Both variatio ingled in Colombia

90 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis micklowii Luer & Vasquez, Phytologia ae 21 i, 1981. Fig. 6.

Pinat mediom in fore. Ui caespitose; a Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-10 cm long,

Leaf erect,

unth « clace

Mia

thinly coriaceous, narrow narrowly elliptical-oblong, acute, petiolate, 6-11.5 cm long, 1.2-2.2 cm wide, __

cuneate into a twisted petiole 0.7-1 cm rl Inflorescence 1-3, loose, distichous, simul: usly

several-flowered racemes »3-4cm long, borne by a slender T pedunc’ cle _. foliaceous eae L 12- 18

mm long, fi th 1; fl ts i 1 mm long; pedicels 2 mm

long; ovary 1 mm gi sepals tran mesat pale-gromn, with a few pale rose Pars glabrous, the dorsal

sepal ovate, acute, concave, 3.5 mm 2 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an

ovate, concave synsepal, 3.7: 3. 75 mm oe 275 mm wide na ig 4-veined, the pee pu minutely

, ovate, acute. ong, 1 mm

wide, 3 ot "thick. ovoid, ¢ concave below a a round at

the apex, 2 mm y Ag 1.25 mm wide, the base truncate, solidly attached to the base of the column;

column stout, semiterete, 0.75 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma apical, the foot vert short.

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: without locality, collected by F. Micklow, Aug. 1978, cult. 23 Nov. 1980, C.

poy Raph reg SEL). La Paz: Nor Yungas, Bella Vista, alt. ca. 1000 m, Aug. 1991, cult. in Quito,

A. Hirtz 5803

This species, the smallest of the subgenus, is apparently endemic in Amazonian

Bolivia. Except for its small size it is similar to the other members of the subgenus.

The spathe is not two centimeters long. The sepals and petals are proportionately

shorter and broader. The lip is thick, ovoid, concave and fixed to the column-foot.

°F ly 5 Ll or

A. Lo

Mleurothallis pedunculata (Klotzsch) Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 822, 1849. Fig. 7.

Klotzsch, Ic. PL. Rar. Hort. Berol. 2: 103, ah 1844.

ae From the Latin pedunculatus, “pedunculate,” referrin, infl

_ en en eon iat. Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 6, 1859, not 2ién

f ] ( h) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Be, epiphytic, caespit lender. Ramicauls rather stout, erect,

10-30 cm long, with a vist en tibnlar cheath hel 1 - 441 d 2-3 other sheaths about the

ee Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, subacute, petiolate, 10-20 cm long, 3.5-8 cm wide, the

cuneate into the petiole 1-1.5 cm long, Inflorescence an 1 arcuate, loos e, distichous, siawaltaneoeely

tow-flowered raceme, 10-15 cm long, borne 1 P e 4- 10cm

long, from he lig , acute, 45mm | 8; Pe ee 6-9 mm

23 ce a — rous, the

peat jo ecm Jarongee 18-23 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral poo

ie reap saga ? » acute lamina, shallowly concave below the middle, 18-23 mm

shai myn wide, 4-veined; petals purple, narrowly triangular, , acute, acuminate, 18-21 mm long, 3.5-4

wait eres dinth d; lip green , suffused with purple, narrowly ovate, acute, 14-15 mm long, 4.5-5 mm

base truncate, solidly attached

Plant NE

oe green, stout, semiterete, 4 mm Coe the anther, rostellum aie stigma apical, the

Migs : Diet. Fed. ed Sila of Cases, Cero de Avil, a 5,00, 1840, cult. in Berlin, E.

Fendler 1476 va ly); near Colonia Tovar, 1854-56, A.

local : (holotype of of lanceolata sensu Lindley: K,i : AMES, BR, G, MO): Without

ty, Moritz s.n. (W); Cerro El Avila between El Asi de la Silla and El Refusi No Te A

Tovar, alt. 7 Poland “te eroage (MO, VEN); along unquito and Colonia

Padre = oan x. woah ‘20 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14318 3 MO}; Medellin,

26 m, collected by E. Acevedo, 1992, cult. at uideas,

Me Mann. Escobar 8270 (MO). : 1898-1899, H. H. Smith 2487 (K, NY?

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 91

Smith 20315, 20316 (AMES, NY); Paramo de Hatico — Toledo and Pamplona, alt. 2400 m, 12

Mar. 1927, E. P. Killip & A. Smith 20517 (AMES, NY). Valle del Cauca: Anserma Vieja above out

nillo, alt. 1400-1800 m, 27 Oct. 1883, F.C. Lehmann 2275 (BR. ; Cartago, crest

Barbara, between Modin and Villa Rodas, Loma de Montechara, 21 Nov. 1981, F. pceaenne ars

987 (CUVC). Cauca: Highlands of Popayan, alt. Nein. Bis 189, PCL 71 138 (W).

Anserma Vieja above Roldanillo, alt. 1400-1800 m, 27 Oct. 18 [

This large species is known from coastal Veasaeélla and Colombia. A remark-

ably accurate and complete illustration accompanies Klotzsch’s original description.

Lindley has drawn the synsepal split into two halves (Schlim 737), which is not

normally the case.

In common with the other members of the subgenus, P. pedunculata is charac-

terized by the large, long, foliaceous spathe from the base of a petiolate leaf. Rela-

tively few, large, simultaneous flowers are produced in an arching raceme. The

dorsal sepal, synsepal, petals and lip are narrowly ovate and acute, and the ovate lip

is concave in the lower third.

eee

Bre WN. ee | Ct 4

Pleurothallis schweinfurthii G Orch. J. Calif. 3: 188, 1954, nom. nov. Fig. &

of the Orchids

Seg Pleurothallis lanceolata Lindl. var. gracilis C. Schweinf., Bot. HA Ga 10; 182, 1942.

Ety.: From the Latin gracilis, “slender,” referring to the floral parts.

Syn.: Pleurothallis capillifera Luer & Vasquez, Phytologia 46: 359, 1980. ;

Ety. sain signin ‘bearing a hair,” alluding to the capillary petals and lip.

Plant medium to 1 i epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender xt the 17

kmh with a closel fiting tubular sh —— low the middl ms om

base cole into the sotiahe ‘12 cm nas hawaces an (ccemonally 2) arcuate oe

distichous, Strict or lightly 1 flexuous, a several-flowered raceme, 12-20 cm long, bome by a

he 3-6 cm from near the apex of the ramicaul; | bracts

oblique, acute, 58 mm long; pedicels 5-10 mm se ovary 3-5 mm long; sepals trans below the

— spotted with purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly triangular, acute, ¢ sii

"15-21 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals apeyr es

sdmeacion, acute or subacute lamina, shallowly concave below the middle, 15-21 mm long, 3. pies

wide, 6-veined; petals yellow-green, mottled with purple, narrowly linear-triangular iad with red-

long-attenuate, 14-16 mm long, 1-2 mm wide at the base, 3-veined; lip light green, :

attached to the bees ee the column; colum n light green, stout, semiterete, 1.5-2 mm ong,

; Mar. 1934, G.

Klug : 3563 Precis of P. awe var. ae PAMES: Isotypes x MO, ONES ee a

Mar. 1925, D. Melin 296 (S). Amazonas: Chachapoyas Cenro Calla Calla tie USM). Huanmes:

m, 26 Mar. 1964, P. C. Hutchinson & D. Bennett 4549 (AMES, JEPS, MO, Maria, collected by F L

—. 5 Mar. 1959, F. Woytkowski 5207 (AMES, ag ea << oats soi

tevenson, 112674-2, cult. in Chamblee, GA, 26 Nov. 1974, C. tes J

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare, epiphytic in wet forest west of Megha nee oe

1980, cult. 6 Mar. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5210 (holotype of P. capillifera:

This species is widely distributed on the eastern declivities of _ — en

northern Peru into Bolivia. Vegetatively, it is similar to the sip wers with long-

Subgenus. Pleurothallis schweinfurthii is distinguished nid rete and about as

pointed floral parts. The lip is long-attenuate, similar to the urved margins.

a as the synsepal. The lower part of the lip is flat without — due to drying

The slight incurving of the margins noted in the original description

and rehydration of the flower. This misleading description

P. capillifera.

Fig. 4. Pleurothallis fastidiosa

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 7. Pleurothallis pedunculata

94 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

REFERENCES

Pleurothallis 5

Linpiey, J., 1842. Pleurothallis. Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: Misc: 67-84.

1859. Folia 5-7.

Lan, C., 1986. 986. Systematics of Pleur.

othallis. Monogr. Syst. Bot. 20: 70-72.

CHENBACH, H. G. f., 1874. Xenia Orch. 2: 86, t. 247.

INDEX

se 16

ree s

pedunculata 90

subpellucida 88

Pleurothallis 83

subgen. Crocodeilanthe 83

yer ap seer 33

n. 83, 84, 85, 87

ca tauen s

Pleurothallis aggeris 84, 85, 86, Fig. 1

capillifera 84,91

OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Pleurothallis loranthophylla 84, 85, 87, $8,

Fig. 5., 89

var. pellucida 84

micklowii 84, 85, 90, Fig. 6.

navicularis 84,

rae 83, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, Fig. 7.,

eh ies 84, 86

punciata 84,

SR o 85, 86, 88, 91, Fig. 8.

cack aie

violaceorosea 84, 88

Rhynchopera pedunculata 83, 84, 90

punctata 88

Stelis lanceolata 83, 84

SYSTEMATICS OF THE SUBGENUS TALPINARIA

OF PLEUROTHALLIS (ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

Subgenus qroodin sion Soret tas nde are is described. Akey

to the — is given. Each bl

white drawin

From a collection from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, Karsten published

the monotypic genus Talpinaria in 1859 with T. bivalvis as the species. The

accompanying description and illustration are accurately detailed. In 1886,

Reichenbach transferred the species to Pleurothallis as P. talpinaria. The epithet

= was occupied by a different species (P. bivalvis Lindl., 1846, a species of

tae). In 1921, apparently unaware of P.

ae described a Peruvian collection as P. trimeroglossa, followed by an

unmistakable illustration. By a strange coincidence, Schlechter compared the

species to Lindley’s P. bivalvis, which bears no similarities.

In the century and a half since P. talpinaria \ was $ recognized, only three other

species with a similar habit that fit nowhere else ention: P. punctu-

lata in 1888, P. hitchcockii in 1922, and P. sandemanii in 1996. Each went

tive lip. The subgenus is characterized by a well-deve tiolate |

and a single, successive flower produced laterally with a conspicuous spathe from

near the apex of the ramicaul. A similar habit is seen in subgenus Rhynchopera and

some species of subgenus Crocodeilanthe (Rehb. f. & , Warsz.) Luer and subgenus

Dracontea Luer, but all these species are disinguisnee DY 2 teh

The remarkable flowers of. subgenus Talpinaria differ significantly from each

other, causing an uneasy alliance. The dorsal sepals are ovate and free from the

laterals that are connate into an ovate synsepal. The petals are narrowly acute,

trilobed in P. hitchcockii. The lip of each species is distinct with lobes and -

unlike each other. The column of P. hitchcockii is short with a protruding an

cap, while the column of the other three species is elongate with the apex hooded.

SUBGENUS TALPINARIA

Pleurothallis subgenus Talpinaria op ar ANE uer, Monogr. Bot. Syst. 20: 96, 1986.

Bas.: Talpinaria Karst., Fi. Columb. EE

Type: Talpinaria bivalvis Karst., Fl. Columb. 1: 153, _ =P. talpinaria ees ee

sie From the Latin ‘alpinus, * ‘molelike,’ ” referring to fimbriate lobes

sad

icauls erect,

Plants perennial, medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots ge owner Ts 6s

non-pseudobulbous, unifoliate, enclosed by a tubular sheath below the mid : — the em

sheaths at the base. aco ere coriaceous, elliptical to ovate, Je lower, bore .

petiolate, sometimes twisted. In florescence a successive, ts ee

La te a IY floral bract, eninge wer ee ee neem psnd

vate; Bowers showy, resupinate; sepals glabrous, , non-caudate, | neti expen ust tacne

Ke the ay ee the column or column-

eens y lobed, variously + lous, the base delicately hinged to “a

foot; echanas shin elongate, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, pollinia 2, obovoid, with a

min ut > ba di

96 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

LIST OF SPECIES ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBGENUS TALPINARIA

wh. 4h... bos eee A moc Fig. 1

Pleurothallis magnispatha Foldats = Pleurothallis punctulata

is punctulata Rolfe ... Fig. 2

Pleurothallis ringens C.Schweinf. = Pleurothallis hitchcockii

Pleurothalli i ii Luer Fig. 3

Pleurothallis talpinaria Rchb.f Fig. 4.

Pleurothallis trimeroglossa Schitr. = Pleurothallis talpinaria

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS TALPINARIA

1 Petals 2- or 3-lobed above the base: lip 5-lobed. P. hitchcockii

1’ Petals entire; lip not 5-lobed 2

2 Lip entire, with a tall “U-shaped” callus P. sandemanii

2’ Lip lobed 3

3 Lip 4-lobed, with recurved, fringed, lateral lobes P. talpinaria

3” Lip 3-lobed, with low, erect, lateral lobes P. punctulata

eee Na titchcockii Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 117, 1922. Sa

Syn.: Pleurothallis ringens C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 184, 1942.

Ety.: From the Latin ringens, “gaping,” referring to the flower.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-18

cm long, with a tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coria-

ceous, elliptical, subacute, Petiolate, 6-10 cm long including the twisted petiole 0.5-1.5 cm long, 1.5-4.5

cm Wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single, successive flower produced in a fasci-

cle within a foliaceous spathe 1.5-2 cm |] 2 1 £ +, . } 1. les 1- mm long deep

Fehspaunes floral bracts thin, tubular, 5-6 mm long: pedicels 6-18 mea long; ovary 4-5 mm long;

sepals light yellow-green to light heavily marked with or purple-brown, glabrous, the dorsal

a ame, i goog long, 5-6 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an

i cave, acute synsepal, 12-17 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals translucent yellow

Pi ea midvein, 3-lobed between middle and lower third, the midlobe acute, long attenuate, the

‘ : obtuse or obsolescent, 6-8 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide in lower third; lip green,

heavily marked with purple, 5-lobed, 6-8 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide expanded, the midlobe triangular,

idlobes : é lobes digitiform, incurved, ca. 2 mm long, de-

obtuse, segment. the diec enir-ata bk 1 pair 4 Nh +h sd] 3

r unguiculate, truncate attached te. the bh foh 1 a 1

conical, 2 mm long, with the anther-cap protruding, with the cid j

GUYANA: Potaro, 10 miles south of Potaro

AMES; Isotype: HB); Takuku village

ratr peanding, 7-8 Jan. 1920, A. S. Hitchcock 17394 os

cape » left the Cuyuni, 21 July 1896, E. F. im Thurn 150 “

VEN Mis.. Mt. Latipd al 750 m, 10 Nov. 1979, P. J. M. Maas et al. 4239 (K, U).

Jog ONYat Rio Icabars, second falls below junction with Rio Usipari, May 1957, G. C. K.

ECTIA DO?D. nz. ~

r.2. “tie ie

yd seth Domingo, alt. 2500 m, 1 Apr. 1985, C. Luer

ie Hirtz rages te ete: Cabin Allifiahui near Hatun-Sacha, alt. 450 m, Mar. 1991, A. Hirtz

Cordillera del a * Tena, 14 Oct. 1939, E. Asplund 9310 (S, US). Morona-Santiago:

(MO); same mew Toad east of Mendez, alt. 700 m, 5 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

SP loop tices BS Ortega Ste pe to Morona, alt. 950 m, 17 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 97

PERU: Amazonas: Bagua, Rio Santiago, alt. 300 m, 25 Oct. 1962, J. J. Wurdack 2414 (AMES, US).

Rio Cenepa, alt. 2,000 fi., 27 Nov. 1972, B. Berlin 398 (MO). Junin: La Hda. Schuncke, allt. ca.

1200 m, 27 Aug.- 1 Sept. 1923, J. F. M. 8 (holotype of P. ringens: F); Chanchamayo

alt. re ept. 1929, C. Schuncke 1097 (AMES, F); same area, alt. 1200 m, Sept. 1930, C. Schuncke

1110 (AMES). San Martin: Mariscal Caceras, Toache Nuevo, alt. ca. 500 m, cult. Sept. 1978, T.

Plowman 7571 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 3447.

This showy species is infrequent, but widely distributed. It is variable in size

and colors, but the details of the intricate lip are constant. One or several single

flowers appear from a conspicuous spathe at the base of a twisted petiole. The

dorsal sepal is free from the concave synsepal. The petals are hidden inside the

margins of the dorsal sepal. The unique lip is bilobed above a narrow base with the

lobes finger-like and curving downward, with the tips more or less contained inside

a pair of erect, larger, rounded lobes that occupy the middle third of the lip. The

anterior lobe is triangular. The column is short and conical with an elongate, pro-

truding anther-cap.

— es Rolfe, Gard. Chron. 2: 756, 1888. Fig, 2.

Ety. the Latin punctulata, “spotted,” referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Ly, bonded , (2 -lfe)\ tze. Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis magnispatha Foldats, Acta Bot. Venez. 3: 382, 1968.

Ety.: From the Latin magnispatha, “with large spathe,” referring, of course, to the spathe.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls ~. oye 4-11

hace

cm long, with a tubular sheath below the mi 9 other - _ petiolate, 7-10 cm

en glaucous beneath, elli

long including a twisted petiole 0.5-1 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide, rounded oF broadly cuneate below, 60 ond

tracted into the petiole. macnnen sar : E within ser

1 4 . >: oa

5-3.5 a1 ovary -10 mm long; age

spathe; floral bracts thin, tubular, 7-81 min long; pedicels 20-23 mm mE e sepal 0m subacute

yellow to light tan, variously spotted wi geen seo glabrous, the obovate, conca : aap

tuse, 22 mm long, 8 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral al eh le an ped it kr

af is ie,

synsepal, 22 mm a 12 mm wide, 8 shin petals light he y, white, covered wih purple verru-

purple, narrowly me acute, 12 mm long, 3.5 mm wide; lip fles erose. id-

cae, oblong-trilobed, 14 mm long, 7 mm wae the anterior a ed to the prs ae

eine erect, low, fab pr disc dene! sulcate above the truncate aad stigma ventral.

umn Secon eile tae the middle, 6 mm long,

COLOMBIA: New Granada, imported by Mssrs. Veitch, received at Kew fois 1770 (W).

3 Smith —

Santander: west slope of Paramo Rico, alt. 3200 m, 15 Jan. 1927. rssh eta

(US); between Duitam a and Charalé, 6 Jan. 1941, 0. Renz 3698 — spammer 74

eH amo forest, Péramo de Jurisdicciones, alt. 2820 m, 10 Nov. 198 |,C hae

Povilla 6642 (SEL). Steyermark &

bs bar samen T4chira: cabeceras d ercrahiat — wre ee - - psnansonenit - a alt. 2475-

.K. Dunsterville 100626 (AMES, VE nispatha:

2550 m, 18 May 1967, J. A. Steyermark & G.CK. sess 2 98347 (holotype of P. mag

, isotype: VEN).

westernmost Colombia and adjacent,

a thick, rigid Jeaf that is bluish greet

e. The petiole is twisted to permit

This handsome species is known from w

easternmost Venezuela. It is characterized by

glaucous beneath and sometimes mottled abov

the large spathe to rise along the back surface of he at ace

flower emerges from the spathe. The se —— enn ea ty nakink.

The large, obtuse lip is three-lobed belo

minute, purple papillae.

98 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ne i ii Luer, Orquideologia 22: 222, 1996. Fig. 3.

oC. Sandeman.

Lex WT. pip aeay ye ci}

Plant large, epiphytic, Scapa roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-13 cm long, with a

close, tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 cibees at the base. Leaf — ee ous, ellipti

obtuse, long-petiolate, the blade 6-11 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wid e, cuneate bel a slender petiole 1 53

cm long. Inflorescence eee wees. flowers s red-t , often prod bome from an

ascending spathe 10-18 mm 1; peduncles 10-15 mm long; floral bracts

7mm long; pedicels 10-12 mm fete toes mm long, costate; rous, membranous, the dorsal

free, ovate, acute, oe 9 rb ee mm long, 5.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the late connate

into a narrowly ovate, » 4mm wide, 6-veined; p , glabrous

membranous, ligt fieak ace acute, 11 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip protuberant,

ovate, e, acute, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the disc with an erect, rounded callus abo earns base that divides

llowly cleft between, the base narrowed, subunguicu-

late, hinged to the base of the column-foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, the faa rostellum and

a tee ovary.

COLOMBIA: Meta: epiphytic near Villavicencio, alt. 1600 ft. (ca. 500 m), Mar. 1948, C. Sandeman

5872 Gebie , C. Luer illustr. 16388,

This species from lowland southeastern Colombia i is apparently rare, known

from only the type-collection. The elliptical leaves are remarkably long-

petiolate. From near the base of the petiole solitary flowers arise from a conspicu-

ous, foliaceous spathe. The relatively large, red-brown flowers, often produced in

pairs, spread widely. The broad petals are held obliquely to Angi side while the

Ovate lip protrudes from the center. At the base of the disc a tall, horseshoe-shaped

callus gradually decreases toward the apex.

talpinaria Rchb.f. » Flora = va —— Fig. 4.

Ety.: Named for the genus Tz Talpinaria Karst. the species was originally published.

Syn.: Talpinaria bivalvis Karst., Hi. oat Is ey 1859, not P. bivalvis Lindl. 1846.

Ety.: From the Latin bivalvis, “bi bivalved,” referring to the bilabiate flower.

Syn.: _ eurothallis trimeroglossa Schlt., Repert. Spec. Nov. R. Veg. Beih. 9: 78, 1921.

egni Veg.

Ety.: From the Greek trimer oglossa, “a three-parted lip,” referring to the apex of the

Plant small to medium in in size, epiphytic, ¢, Caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5- 13

cm long, with a close, tubular sheath below the mi middle and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

subacute to obtuse, » petiolate, 4-11 cm long, 1 1-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 0.5-1.5

oak long. Inflorescence a single, successive flower, bome from an ascending spathe 10-17 mm long,

ciculate, 2-3 mm long; floral bracts 10-12 agin

pedicels 10-18 mm long: ovary 8 mm long: 8; sepals green to white, glabrous, membranous,

» ovate, subacute, te, slightly concave, 10-11 mm long, 5 mm wide, 7-veined, the lateral a

ata an ovate, subacute, minntely bifid synsepal, similar to the deal sonal i 10-11 mm long, 5-

: oot Hand, petals widely spread, glabrous, narrowly linear, acute, 6-7 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm

Iobe ane ines: ip protaberant, oblong-four lobed, 8 tum long,’ man ride the apex forked into 2 acute

bes athick, protruding lobe-like callus between, the lateral lobes rounded. frat ive cand nearthe

; ith the margins meeting beneath, the disc with an erect, low,

cae bore the bese, the base tubular, subunguiculate, hinged to the edge of the base of the

cotmn-foot; column slender, semite Secuacette, subclavate, 5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ven-

£ f the ovary.

COLOMBIA: Condinninares: —— H. Karsten #6 (Holotype of Talpinaria la bid

Andes of Bogoté, at 258

F m, 1856, Triana 1229 (W);: B. de San Fran

Bogota, alt. 2700 m, 21 Jan. 1883, F.C. Lehmann 2468 (W); Sata mas dasitaee ro near Zipa-

1884 FC. Lene ss 7063 (K). Cauca: west slopes 4, alt. 3000 m, 21 Feb.

do 383 (CU eet Nowales, east of El Placer, alt. 2300 m, 13 Sept. 1991,

* Dist. Fed.: Near the Leprocomio, west

K. Dunsterville With of Junquito, collected by C. Garcia E, 1959, G. C.

sn. (K). oe locality, flewsend cK. seesteek 21 Aug. 1961 from G. C. K. Dunsterville

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 99

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Rio Yangantza below Limén, alt. 1600 m, 17 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11864 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: south Cajanuma

range, alt. 2500 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 1

PERU: Junin: Huancayo, valley of Pariahuanca, between Panti and Rocchac, alt. 2400 m, Mar.

1913, A. Weberbauer 6541 (holotype of P. P

pines AMES 2769).

First described in a monotypic genus, this species is still unique in the Pleuro-

thallidinae, even though a few vegetatively similar Esper are now known. The

single flowers are produced from a t the base of the petiole of

the leaf. The dorsal sepal is free from the synsepal, and the petals are narrowly

linear. The peculiarly lobed lip is without comparison. The apex is forked into a

pair of acute lobes with a thick, pointed callus nearly as long between them. The

lateral lobes are rounded, long-fimbriate, and acutely recurved beneath to meet in

the middle. The claw-like base is tubular with revolute margins, and delicately

hinged to a protruding column-foot.

REFERENCES

Linpiey, J., 1842. Pleurothallis. Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: Misc: 67-84.

1859. a Orchi hidecon Plea 26-32.

Lue C., 1986. Icones Pleurothallidinarum III. Monogr. Syst. Bot. 20: 96, 98.

REICHENBACH, H. G. f., 1874. Xenia Orch. 2: 21 ee

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Humboldtia punctulata 97

Pleurothallis 95

subgen. Crocodeilanthe 95

subgen. Dracontea 95

Se Eee ee

subgen. eid 95

sect.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 101

ADDENDA TO LEPANTHES, MASDEVALLIA, PLATYSTELE, PLEUROTHALLIS,

RESTREPIA AND SCAI M

ABSTRACT

e following new species of Lepanthes Sw., Masdevallia lia Ruiz & Pav.,

agieaite Schltr., Pleurothallis R.Br. subgen. Kraenzlinella, Restrepia and

Scaphosepalum Pfitz. are The plates are numbered as continuations of

ive appearances in Icones.

New species:

Lepanthes caudigera Luer & Hirtz, 5D. nov.

Lepanthes cyrtostele Luer & Hirtz, 5 sp. ‘nov.

Lepanthes a onenfera ates . Hirtz, sp. nov.

& Arias, sp. nov.

Platystele hampshireae Luer, sp

Pleurothallis phry samt Hirtz, sp. nov.

Restrepia piperitosa Luer, sp. nov.

Scaphosepalum manningii ae sp. Nov.

The following eight species of — from Ecuador raise the total number

of species for the genus in Ecuador to

Lepanthes caudigera Luer & Hirtz, sp. no Fig, 267.

Ety.: F Fm Lat cde iting oe pan oma :

Planta ‘A o« hreviore. sepalis longiacuminatis

candatis sparsim minute ciliatis, petalis transverse bilobis, lobis anguste Te ani late nga

s oblongis pubescentibus, connectivis

- }

column ‘3 di tis, appendice vomeriformi.

i -2.5 cm long, en-

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5

closed by 67 ‘minutely cist “Vemtiien sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly hay came,

patie ae mm long, 7-9 mam wide, the base broadly cuneate or rounded, contracted in p petiole |

Inflorescenc di ies ous, success

tunibehind desks homese ie on ang: ral bras 0.75 me ong, glibosFeics

minutely ciliate,

“aha sepal broadly

1 mm long; ovary 1.75 mm long; sepals =i irre sparsely he

ovate, acute, long-acuminate, g sepals ight yellow. pal trl pl ryrectaners

ae long. | eae caer

red with yellow border, minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1 mm Ton, ;

obliquely and broedly triangular, subacute, the lobes equal; lip red, bilaminate, ‘he lates Dinan

convex, 1.25 mm long, pubescent, wi with the bases and apices Oe Te dng Oe

bases of the bl column above sthe middle, the appendix plow-shaped

surface of the column, ciliate; column 1.5 mm long, the anthe anther subapical

ECUADOR: Carehé: soudh of Chical, Coro Oncarn, ait. 2100s May 1997, A. Hires €28 —.

8687.

MO), C. Luer illustr. 1 ?

This species, apparently endemic in northwestern Ecuador, is distinguished by

are broadly and

the short inflorescence, much shorter than the

are long-acuminate or with slender tails. The lobes of fe ee of the lip are

obliquely triangular and about equal in size and shape. yee

attached at the bases to the column near the middle. The 1 annals

along the undersurface of the column. The above :

Subsection Lepanthes series Lepanthes.

102 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

pig ade oe Luer & Hirtz, sp Fig. 268.

conchilabia, “with shel ike lip, a oe to - labellum.

parva, inflorescenti iore, sepalis acutis laterali-

bus uninervis, petalis glabri panduriformit labelli an boesarn oblongis arcuatis conca-

vis, appendice nulla.

Plant small, epiphytic, ae a Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-7 cm long, enclosed by

6-7 closely fitting, lepanthiform with micros: macroscopically scabrous ribs. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

acute, 2035 mm long 7-8 mm wide, t narrowly ca. 1.5

mm long. Inflores ccessively several-flowered raceme up to 25 mm mm long i including the

slender peduncle 5-7 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long;

dorsal

sepals pale yellow. concave b

mm rank -veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.75 mm, the lateral saabap tall-carinate, ovate-tri-

angular, oblique, acute, , 4.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, each 1-veined e 0.75 mm; petals glabrous,

white with 5 iy bilobed pandusiform, 0.75 mum long, 28 nm wide, the upper lobe

broadly oblong, 1.5 mm long, 12mm wide, the lower lobe narrowly y obtuse, with the outer

margin dilated, 1. mm long, 1 mm de; lip glabrous, , white with purple margins

i es lng, te cnx caren del thespbaa prtvon iy ohecoe, to the bases rounded,

sine gerade thout connectives, arising directly from a transverse body wi

an appendix, Pao pt connate to the colu ay | diblield t dace oie, the

anther dorsal and the stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Imbabura: Mariano Acosta, El Tambo Reserve, alt. 3500 m, 21 Feb. 1998, A. Hirtz & J.

del Hierro s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer 18762.

This species, apparently endemic in northern Ecuador, is distinguished by the

smal] habit with narrow, elliptical leaves; a shorter, lax, few-flowered raceme: and

inner surfaces enclose the long, arcuate column and the transverse body i is connate

to the mid-portion of the column, The lobes arise from the body without connec-

tives, and there is no appendix.

Lepanthes cyrtostele Luer & Hirtz, Sp. no Fig. 269.

Ety.: From the Greek kyrtastele, “ “bent column,” ing tothe cred column,

Planta vel grandis Tacemis subi. ,) ed ovato plus

minusve leviter brevioribus, sepals acutis minute denticnlatie lateralibus 1 1-nervis , petalis transverse

ce meangularibus, lobo superior levter major, label laminis piano longiciliatis,

eo appendice triangulari ay column

Plant medium to to large, spate rei roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 10-25 cm long,

coepotby 10 10-1 14 clal- oe que,non dilated osti ia. Leaf

= orl e ° 1 l-ovate, acut 6-9cmlong, 1-1.6cm wide, the

- chous, successively many-flowered

> rama oath iret aes mas °

ovate, acute, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, 1-veined, connate 1-1.5 mm; petals yellow, minutely pubescent,

y bilobed, 1.8 mm long, 4 mm wide, the lobes tase ly obtuse, the upper lobe

larger; lip white, remedy usin, th aes narowyeliptical fala 3 mm long, long-ci-

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR 103

ECUADOR: Carchi: Bolivar, above La Paz, epiphytic in cloud forest, alt. 3300 m, 18 Feb. 1998, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & J. del Hierro 18748 (Holotype: MO; Isotype: QCNE). Imbabura: Mari

Acosta, El Tambo, alt. 3500 m, 21 Feb. 1998, A. Hirtz & J. del Hierro s.n. (MO, QCNE); Mariano

Acosta, alt. 3300 m, Aug. 1997, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & E. Sdnchez 6586 (Holotype MO), C. Luer illustr.

18689.

This species occurs at an altitude over 3300 meters above sea level. It is appar-

ently endemic in northern Ecuador. By virtue of the sublax racemes shorter than

the leaves, and with the lateral sepals one-veined, it falls into section Lepanthes

subsection Breves series Breves. It is distinguished by the pale, non-dilated, ribbed,

lepanthiform sheaths that cover a tall ramicaul; narrowly elliptical-ovate leaves; and

a successively flowered inflorescence the eventually approaches the length of the

leaves. The sepals are acute and minutely denticulate; the laterals are single-veined.

The lobes of the transverse petals are triangular and obtuse. The protruding column

is arcuate and covered by narrow, long-ciliate blades of the lip.

Lepanthes exserta Luer & Hirtz, sp. no oi cits

Ety.: From the Latin exsertus, “protruding,” fering to the pier —_— and li

viore, sepalis obtusis glabris, petalis t bilobis, lobis anguste anguste fe trangularbus minute

Pubescentibus, lobo bo superiore duplo : , labelli laminis obl Bi pubescentibus,

supra medium, co it di truncat

Plant small, senetails caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls very slender, erect, 3-4. sede.

enclosed by 10-12 ciliate, | lepanthiform sheaths with acuminate ostia. Leaf eading, thi i

Ovate, acute, 2-2.5 cm long, 0.8-1 cm wide, the base broadly e r ——

In ence a congested, secund, long-pedicellate fl

bome on top of the leaf by a slende Si ra ates Sane et

cels be 5-2 mm long; ovary | mm on gms sepals light = giebeoss, the — connate 1.5

mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-ve:

acuminate, 2.25 mm long, m5) sta

into a broadly ovate, anes aa with apices obtuse, very fomers bilobed, 0. 0.5 mm long, 2. 2.5 mi _

ide, each sepal 2- minutely p

wide, the lobes narrowly triangular, acute, th res

» the laminae oblong, convex, 1. Sm le, pbescet ihe ass nd apices rounded he

nnectives short, from above the middle, the body broad, connate to the column above the middle,

appendix thick, truncate; 75 m h

m long,

ECUADOR: Carchi: south of Chical, Cerro Oscuro, alt. 2100 m, May 1991, A. Hirtz 6552 (Holotype:

MO), C. Luer illustr. 18688,

A member of subsection Lepanthes series Lepanthes, this species, —

endemic in northwestern Ecuador, is distinguished by the small, horizontal,

leaf with the inflorescence borne on top. The raceme is long-pedicellate; le

are obtuse; the lobes of the transverse petals are narrowly triangular; 0

column protrudes forward bearing the blades of the lip horizontally and from

the middle of the column. The appendix is thick and truncate.

Fig. 271.

oe — Luer & Hirtz, sp. no ee

Ety.: From the Latin a generi, “‘of the pei ” referring to the close relationship

sympatric L. gloris, the in-law. Se Neary

Poise seeds sists dae racemo congesto dist = bs, Jb

onenre ‘sianglarbus, lobo superiore dopo longiore, I labelli lamints

IR: bests ea i sender, eect, -5.5 cm long,

~ Ramicaals very coriaceous, ovate,

niagara amp

acute, 2-1. ye Sy

none attic prio long-pedicellate, successively

104 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 1 long; sepals dark red, minutely ciliat the dorsal sepal

narrowly ovate, acute, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral 2 the

lateral ovate, acute, 4 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 1 mm;

red, obed, 0.5 mm long, 4 ide, the upper lobe narrowly a

trian, r que.

ip dark red, bilaminate, the laminae oblong, convex, 1.5 mm lon, ong, osseous ahh die tenes

nate to the

column

sbve the ao, th appendix bony concave pubsscent, column i 95 wats loos, the the anther apical, the

stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Carchi: south of Chical, Cerro Oscuro, alt. 2100 m, May 1997, A. Hirtz 6558 (Holotype:

MO), C. Luer illustr. 18685.

Also a member of subsection Lepanthes series Lepanthes, this species, apparent-

ly endemic in northwestern Ecuador, is similar to another sympatric species from

which it is distinguished by broader leaves; long-pedicellate, distichous racemes;

narrower Jean and petals; anda lip with the anterior margin of the connectives

posterior margin.

Lepanthes gloris Luer & Hirtz, sp. no Fig. 272.

Ety.: From the Latin glos, gloris, “of the oa referring to the close relationship of the

sympatric L. generi, the **brother-in-law.

Planta parva inflorescentia cum m 2 ler a, epee . + a. 4 ang aia i

acuminato b sepalis ovati tis minutissi t ibus, petalis tr sory be

hi, + 1 fo Se ts vod ff li

in eto Rt cea me

small, epiphytic, Soenpinon 60 ried ts slender. Ramicauls very slender, erect, 3-6 cm long, en-

cody by 10-11 | Minutely cil Leaf s le,

purp:

saaehiciene acute, acuminate, Oi and pe aedlgaabebamajam the base

coriaceous, very

pars ier ats Aa - Inflorescence a congested, ort-pedicellate, successively

acme upto 18 mm ng tome on cap ofthe lea by a sender peduncle 5-15 me long

a ee glabrous; pedicels mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long; sepals light green,

minutely ciliate, the dorsal sepal broadly am sect 2.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate to the

lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals broadly ovate, oblique, subacute, 2.75 mm _ 1.5mm

wide, connate 0.75 mm; petals bro wn, minutely pubescent, transverse rsely bilobed, 0.5 mm long, 3 mm

Wide, the upper lobe oblong, narrowly obtuse at the tip, slightly longer than the lower abe, the lower

lobe triangular, acute; lip brown, bilaminate, the laminae oblong, conv ho mm long, minutely

pubescent, with the bases and apices rounded, the connectives es broad, with the ante: ic angina

the posterior margin, connate to the base of the column, the appendix sendy c concave, pubescent;

column | mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: So south of Chical, Cerro Os: alt. 2100 7 1 Gol :

chap curo, m, May 1997, A. Hirtz 6551 (Hi otype

This species is a member of subsection Lepanthes series Lepanthes. Iti 1s appar-

endemic in northwestern Ecuador, is similar to to another sympatric

which it is distinguished by very narrow leaves; short-pedicellate, distichous

racemes; €r sepals and petals; and a lip with the anterior margins of the con-

nectives as long as the Posterior margins.

€s longiacuminata Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov. . 273.

Lepanthes Fig

Ety.: Sens te Latin lonpiociminatas, “long ere

sepa-

his late nvces; ig (= teat

netali. Lit.k: L “1

lobe sain comme e lobo inferiore infciovs tlangulari minare neneopcarcbappenel ovatis minute pubes-

centibus, connectivis late cuneatis, prochasahsp catia Connato, appendice ovata concava ciliata.

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR 105

Piant medium in size, ea le caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 7-10 cm long,

enclosed by 9-1 3 microscopically ciliate , lepanthiform sheaths with acuminate apices. Leaf suberect to

spreading, thinly coriaceous, broadly ovate, obtuse, acuminate into a slender, pase process, est

cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, the base rounded, ceseneen ee ee mm long.

gested, distichous, sagen Me several-flowered t raceme rae mim long, bome on top « of the leaf rae a

slender peduncle 1 2, ry |

mm long; sepals light ) Ii inutely ciliate, the dorsal ly te, obtuse, 2.6

mm long, 3.5mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the 2 lateral sepals for 13 mm, the lateral sepals oblong-

ovate, nga a obtuse, shortly acuminate, 2.6 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 0.6 mm; petals

oran t, transversely bilobed, 0.5 mm long, 3mm wide, 3-veined, the upper

lobe alana obliquely truncate, 1.6 mm long, 1.6mm

acute, ees ch) lip purple, bilaminate, the blades ovate, 1.5 mm long, microscopically

pubescent d the api connectives broadly cuneate, the

body toad. te to the base of the column, the app dix ovoid, concave, ciliate; column 1 mm long,

the anther and the stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Carchi: south of Chical, Cerro Oscuro, alt. 2100 m, May 1997, A. Hirtz 6555 (Holotype:

MO), C. Luer illustr. 18684.

This species, apparently endemic in northwestern Ecuador, is distinguished by

the rounded leaves with acuminate apices nearly as long as the blades. The con-

gested raceme is borne on top of the leaf. The sepals are broadly ovate and obtuse.

The upper lobe of the petals is broadly truncate, much larger than the triangular

lower lobe. The narrow apices of the ovate blades of the lip surround the column.

The connectives are broad with a broad body attached to the base of the mm.

The appendix is concave and ciliate. The above place this species in su

section Lepanthes series Lepanthes.

Bia canal omnifera Luer & ate aoe nov. ae Fig. 274.

Ety.: F; the Latin omnifer, “bearing ce referring to the

floral an and — e ian

c 1: Itilongiore. sepalis acutis

longiciliatis, petalis transverse omen 2 lias, labelli laminis lip ciliatis, connectivis late cuneatis,

obtusa conca’

“ae very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. SS aa Doe? cent, +5 am bee.

enclosed by 3-4 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths with oblique apices. cated petiole

easier tema, obtuse 68.5 mm ong, 5-8 mim wide, the bat base rounded, id ino a pei mm

long. Inflorescence a distantly, successively 3- to 4- flowered raceme up to hee em pedicels 1

slender, sparsely pubescent peduncle 10-15 mm long, floral bracts long-ciliate, 1.5 mm long;

mm long; ovary 1.25 mm long, ciliate-crested; sepals red-brown, ag ae

above the base, ovate, acute, 4.5 mm long, 25 mm wide,

appendix obtuse, concave, mi —, pn umn | mm long, the

tral. . oe

& J.

ECUADOR: Carchi: Bolivar, above La Paz, north road, alt. 3100 m, collected by A. Hirtz

Hierro, 18 Feb. 1998, 3d pie Eee. Hirt & J. del Hierro 18723 (Holotype: te ee

This species, apparently endemic in northern Ecuador, is apse at nts

very small habit with round, ciliated leaves. The distan tly few-flowered

borne by a sparsely pubescent peduncle surpas “

The sepals are ovate, acute and long-ciliate. The peta ates of he ip a

oblong, the upper lobe slightly larger than the lo — The blades

tical, ciliate-pubescent and flank the column. The connec ai hick and concave.

thick bod attached to the base of the column. The appendix is tt

‘tiewsine h thie enecies in subsection Lepanthes series Elongatae.

107

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

108 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Masdevallia manoloi Luer & Arias, sp. nov. Plate 33.

Ety.: Named for Victor Manuel Arias, ‘ i creadaeyies ea Silva of Lima, Peru

_Inter species Masdevalliae subsect Caudatae ser gissime fC ae to

lobulato distinguitur. : : .

Plant medium in size, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, stout, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceou s, long-petiolate, 5-8.5 cm long including

the petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade ade elliptical, obtuse, 1,3-2.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole.

» erect to ) suberect peduncle up to 12 cm long, with a

ile of th le 2-15 mm long; pedicel

ie ey Le}

a eae Is yellow, with borders and veins blackish brown, the dorsal

sepal erect, shallowly concave, 25:0mm lng, 12 14 mm wide, connate to ral sepals for 5 mm to

form a short, shallow, sepaline cup, the apex obtuse, Goatiadiat nko a ender edl7.5 ce tome, tho tone

sepals ovate, oblique, 24 mm long, conate 13- ~14 mm into a deep cavity below the column-foot, 22 mm

wide together, wi d, with the apices acute, in apposition, contracted

no sede. em nepal we, , cartilaginous, ovate-triangular, 7mm long, 3 mm wide, the

a thick callin

t extending be} yond the t hes bot , erect, arcuate, 7mm long, 3.5 mm wide, with the

terrace. : tL a a | omens 7 1 le 1 5mm

ae apg spe Ih disc thickened t

to the column-foot; column thick, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot toe long including the slender,

incurved extension.

PERU: Husnuco: Hudnuco, Acomayo , Zingo Monte, alt. 2500 m, collected by S 1 Ruiz Pérez, 13 S

1997, flowered in cultivation at i Manuel Arias Silva, Lima, Peru, Nov. 1997, C. Luer 18671

(Holotype: MO).

Among the species of section Masdevallia subsection Caudatae, this spectacular

species is | distinguished by the blackish stripes on yellow sepals with very long,

slender tails. The margins above the middle of the lateral sepals are incurved with

the apices in apposition. Below the middle, the lateral sepals are connate into a

deep mentum below the column-foot. The petals are acute at the apex with a thick,

- The arcuate lip stands erect from the tip of a long, incurved column-

foot to which it is loosely hinged. Above the middle, the lip is contracted with

irregular margins into a narrow lobule with a minute, rounded callus

ia martiniana Luer, * nov. Plate 34.

Ety.: Named in honor of Martin del lerro, Co-collector of this species.

arrose Masdevallice ene seer gic dorsali longicaudato, sepalis sip

et lahell, 3, RP Eo bid

& tinguitur.

Wi sindivin iss, Caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls stout, e

rect, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed

2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Real esect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 10-15 cm long, 2 225 om

wide, gradually narrowed below into the the petiole. I

reat hneaete dha gukct tigeecrses pedencis 20.95 cm long, with a bract near the base of a ramicaul;

peptone 10 mm long; pedicel 10 mm lon ; ovary 4 mm long; sepals light green, gla-

18-20 mm long, 9 mm wide, connate to the late lateral sepals for 12 mm to

form a campanulate, : , the apex subacute, acuminate into a slender, erect, green tail ca. 35

meg es centrally and Vv x

er eee, apex

low, longitudinal callus within the eet: cane iD Mat

» the base margin we ide xe

base thick, subcordate, beneath to th: umn-

Soe pepe amen Laren

109

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Plate 33. Masdevallia manoloi Luer & Arias

110 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

EROTIATNMD. ¢ Bf, T

go Imuya, epiphytic in a tree overhanging th , alt. 230 m, Aug. 1995,

collected by Martin and Juan del Hierro, cultivated by Juan del Hierro in Quito, 15 Feb. 1998, C. Luer

18702 : MO). Napo: Aguarico, Reserva Etnica Huaorani, near Rio Yasuni, alt. 230 m, 19 Mar.

1994, Milton Aulestia 1887 (MO, QCNE); Parqué Nacional Yasuni, lagunas de Garza Cocha, alt. 200

22 Sept. 1988, C.E. Cerén & N. Gallo 4940 (MO, QCNE).

This species occurs in the hot, lowlands of Amazonian Ecuador, usually found

growing on limbs of trees overhanging water. Among the species of section

Masdevallia subsection Alaticaules, this species is distinguished by the light green

flowers with a pale rose suffusion on the deeply connate synsepal. The apices are

triangular and acute, noncaudate. The petals are oblong. The lip is subpandurate

with a pair of folds just within the margins at the constriction above the middle.

The apex is rounded, convex and minutely verrucose.

Masdevalli tiniana is superficially similar to M. vargasii, also found in the

lowlands of Ecuador to Bolivia and Brazil, but not at the very low altitude of less

than 300 meters above sea level. The latter is distinguished by short, sepaline tails

and a proportionately larger, non-pandurate lip.

Masdevallia niesseniae Luer, sp. nov. Plate 35.

Ety.: Named for Andrea Ni de Uribe of Orquideas del Valle, Cali, Colombia.

Inter species Masdevalliae subsect. Coccineae sepalis aureis longissime caudatis, lateralibus in

ena lin 1 td eat lehall, 11, 1, = kK: * > ee ae <a

Plant medi ize, caespitose; arse. Ramicauls erect, channeled, 3-5 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 white, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 10-15 cm long including the petiole 2-3 cm

long, the ipti subacute, 2-2.5 cm wide, g: dually 1 below i he petiole. Inflores-

cence a single flower, bome by a slender, erect peduncle up to 23 cm long, with a bract below the mid-

dle, from 1.5-3 cm above the base of th icaul; floral t hin, tubular, 2.5 cm long; pedicel 3 cm

long; ovary 7-8 mm long; sepals golden yellow, glabrous, the dorsal sufffused with rose along the

midvein, obovate, 30 mm g, 25 mm wide, connate to the lateral ls for 20 fi funnel

1 A

» the apex broadly ded, abruptly li tail 5.5 cm long, the

lateral sepals 40 mm long, connate 30 mm into a broadly expanded synsepal 35 mm wide, longitudinally

enicate unth the cn<t. L . the . Ries eh Sok | 4 ile 4

long; petals white, cartilaginous, ovate-subtriangular, 7.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide above the base, the

apex obliquely obtuse the labell i ith 5 1 eall ands: 3 = At 14 me

the apex obtu pair , sulcate

between, the base t hinged beneath to t foot; column white, suffused with rose, thick,

semuterete, 6 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension. ;

COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: near Lago de Calima, alt. 1500-1600 m, collected by Ishmael Miranda,

March 1997, cultivated by Orquideas del Valle, Cali, i ibe, C. Luer

eas a Orquideas alle, by Andrea Niessen & Juan Carlos Uribe, C

The large, long-tailed, golden yellow flowers of this member of section Masde-

vallia subsection Coccineae are larger and more spectacular than the golden yellow

flowers of coveted M. davisii Rchb.f. Some yellow color-forms of M. coccinea

Linden ex Rchb.f. share the same intense color that is not approached by any other

member of the subsection, except perhaps M. veitchiana Rchb.f.

gh coriaceous, the leaves are not as thick as those of many other species

of the subsection. The erect peduncle bears the showy flower above the leaves.

From a funnel-shaped, sepali et be th Jed dorcal curves upward while

the broadly expanded, longitudinally sulcate synsepal arches below. Between

veins the surface is convex, The petals are white with the labellar margin

callous. The lip is oblong as in other members of the subsection, but in the center

there is a shallow concavity between a pair of low calli.

Vi 20W

: eee gi g y rounded margin

above the base; lip white, suffused with rose, oblong, 7 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, with the margins thin,

recury t Ann ttt 4 . a ee Ww 1 -4an

. . ntrally

111

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

pace CLOT nsec

Tahoe

Plate 34. Masdevallia martiniana Luet

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

112

Plate 35. Masdevallia niesseniae Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 113

Masdevallia regina Luer, —— nov. Plate 36.

Ety.: From the Latin regina, “ Iuding to th Her fl lar to that of M. princeps:

Species haec M. principis | Lec persimilis,

=~ ih 25.

‘ . F

4 fl ] t sepalis

a teat owt 4 Avffanr

Plant wistivtads in size to large, coven: roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-3 cm long, en-

closed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly , obtuse, 15-20 cm long,

3-3.5 cm wide, gradually seb oo into the base. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-

flowered — salapeen e bya £E 1B, with 3-4 3-4 close bracts the

middle, from 1 bract thi tubular, 15 mm long; f thick. mm long;

ovary 10- 12 mm thi . gidly #1 hy, glab torn ; dul pubes

cent within, the ine ‘of the dorsal x ce wly triangular-ovate, ca. 20 mm eee 14 mm wide at » at the

base, the acute apex attenuated into a slender, » erect, , green tail 10-11 om i eee to the lateral

sepals for 9 mm to ao a oe camp ) ~ dark

flecks, as rows of bars teal 4 xity ca. 1 cm wide, con-

nate across the pert for 20: mm 1 into a broadly ov enate 2 yma ca. 40 mm long, wa mm broad, the

apices acute, approximate, st shortly d tails 10-11 cm long; =

ilaginous, ivory, ple, mi subvermucose, oblong, shortly unguiculate, 6 mm lon;

3 mm wide, the apex truncate, obscurely trilobed, both halves callous, shallowly sulcate centrally; i

orange, dotted with red-purple, thick, oblon g, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, with the apex obtuse, verrucose,

nondeflexed, the disc shallowly sulcate = either side of a central callus above the middle, the base

subcordate, concave to either side of the channel, hinged on the end; column greenish white, stout,

semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot thick with a very short, incurved extension.

PERU: San Martin: near Tarapoto, obtained from M. Arias, ca. 1997, cultivated by A. Hirtz in Quito,

Ecuador, 15 Feb. 1998, C. Luer 1870] (Holotype: MO).

This species is very closely allied to M. princeps, with which it is reported to

have been collected. It is readily distinguished from the latter by the acute apices of

the lateral sepals with long, approximate tails that are not reflexed. In the center of

the synsepal a well-circumscribed, round convexity is present. Whether or not this

convexity is peculiar only to this clone is not possible to say at the present time.

The lip is narrower with the apex obtuse without a deflexed callus.

—— hampshireae Luer, sp. Plate 92.

amed in honor of Rachel J. =e co-collector of this species.

de ates s haec P. . axyglossae ree Nae sed sepalis glabris, petalis anguste attenuatis

atis et lahell

rect.

cm long, bome by a capillary peduncle 1-2 cm long, i

thin, 0.5 mm long: pedicels 2.5-3.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long: _ Lay Jong, 0.8 a per

membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, — above the middle, 2.75 mm

‘ acuminate “

wide e d; glabrous croscopically

Ovate, acute, attenuate, 2.25 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip ponerse gach a from a glenion at the

suborbicular, 1 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the disc slightly ng apse 0.25 mm long, the base trun-

base, featureless, se apex rounded, a bruptly contracted into an 0.5

atten

> COL

end, fi

mong nd ra the sages “the foot rudimentary.

PANAMA. ome: Lo ake and Chiriqui Grande, 1 km south

4 eager§

tal divide, alt. 1200 m, 10 Mar. 1985, pra greet" Caroline Whitefoord 41 (elo:

illustr. 18606.

the very small,

This little species is distinguished from its numerous allies by

than the

caespitose habit; a lax, flexuous, few-flowered raceme a tar lip

leaves; attenuate, glabrous sepals; attenuate, sensctess .

with the rounded apex minutely short

114

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

4 ge

con”

j ia

rT ccseniall =

‘

Plate 36. Masdevallia regina Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 115

Plate 92. Platystele hampshireiae Luet

116 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis atrohiatus Dod, Moscosoa 5: 226, 1989, as atrohiata. Plate 9.

Ety.: From the Latin atrohiatus, “a dark opening,” referring to the darkly colored interior of the

flower.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizome ca 5 ] ig b t i Is; ts slend

s os ry , erect, 2-3 cm long, 1 d by PES L os kL +1 247 and 2-3 other

sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, petiolate, the blade 3-5.5 cm long, 1.2-1.4

cm wide, cuneate below into a slender petiole 1-1.5 cm long. Inflorescence a loose, simultaneously 2-

to 4-flowered raceme, to ca. 7 cm long including the slend peduncle 2-3 cm

erect spathe 8-10 mm long, near the apex of th icaul; floral t bular, 5 mm long; pedicels 4-8

mm long; ovary 3 mm ; Sepals glabrous, membranous, pale green, dotted with purple along the

veins, the dorsal 1 free, ovate, slightly inate, acute, slightly concave, 12 mm long, 5 mm wide,

int te, conca pal simil the dorsal

3-veined, the lateral 1

y sepal, 13 mm

6-veined; petals glabrous, purple, ovat half with thick and

attenuate in the distal half, acute, 10 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip purple, ovate-trilobed, 8 mm

long, 3 mm wide, the apex ovate, subacute, the below the middle, erect, obtuse, antrorse, the

c shallowly pair

| a , Pee See a tS sl. 1 Pe Sp

lon oitnd:

. 4mm long, the anther, rostellom and stigma

HAITI: la Hotte, Camp Perrin, by Riviere Glace, alt. 800 ft. 23 Apr. 1982, flowered in cultiva-

tion 10 Feb. 1983, D. D. Dod 1026 (Holotype: JBSD; Isotypes: AMES, NY. SEL, US): flowered in culti-

vation 18 Apr. 1986, C. Luer 12158 (MO).

This species is the only member of the subgenus Elongatia found in the Antilles.

It is very rare, being endemic in only a small area on the island of Hispaniola. It has

features in common with both the Central American and Andean species of the

Subgenus. It is distinguished by the small, shortly repent habit; a petiolate leaf; and

a loose, few-flowered raceme. The dorsal Sepal and synsepal are similar: ovate,

acute and concave. The petals terminate with a thick, subulate apex. The lip is

three lobed with a pair of low calli on the middle third of the disc.

Pleurothallis phrynoglossa Luer & Hirtz Sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek phrynos, “‘a toad,” and glossa, “‘a tongue,” referring to the warty lip.

di 33) Nednncol . os

Plate 10.

cutis, petalis

Lat

anguste llig ic ae et lam lakall: .. ej pereg F ae fice

Plant medium in size, shortly repent, the rhizomes 6-7 mm thick, ca. 1 cm long between ramicauls;

Paes Cone. han stout, erect, 1.5 cm long, enclosed by thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly

Coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 6-7 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, cuneate below to the sessile base.

Inflorescence a ively few-flow bome by a ped:

successivi

rie am long, from the apex of the ramicaul at the base of the leaf; floral bracts oblique, 5 asm long.

pedicel 7 mm long; ovary , 6mm long, 5 mm broad; sepals fleshy, narrowly ovate-triangular,

very the dorsal sepal 30 mm long, 10 mm wide, 9-veined, free from the lateral sepals, the lateral

sepals 33 mm long, 10 mm wide, 8-veined, carinate with 1, 0 Lh £ Pay us from the

sides of the column form? ‘- WL 2 3

“Phe ‘ 8 ; Petals narrowly ellipti 1, acute, 11 mm long, 2 mm

of vere, msuiculate, ovate, acute, 17 mm long, 5 mm wide, with undulate margins, the disc with a pair

Sices dic calli at middle, scattered verrucae below the middle, and verrucae in a central

stnp * the middle, the claw 2 mm long, concave: col tout, semiterete, minutely erose at the

mm long.

ECUADOR: Azuay: south of C, . :

Luer illustr, 18683, venca, collected by Boris Goercke, A. Hirtz 6580 (Holotype: MO), C.

Among the members of subgenus Kraenzlinella, this species is most similar to

P. lappago Luer in habit, but Perhaps with a shorter ramicaul. The specimen in

hand is scanty. The flowers, however, are larger with the sepals and the petals

acute. Most distinctive is the large, unguiculate, warty lip.

SYSTEMATICS OF ELONGATIA 117

Plate 9. Pleurothallis atrohiatus Dod

118 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 10. Pleurothallis Phrynoglossa Luer & Hirtz

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA 119

Restrepia piperitosa Luer, sp. nov. Plate 64.

E ~N Be AZ #h = + feh ek ie <1. 4 4 es 7

Bo Te ae eee 44 vs ; ee boat ONE 4

ae ae wis £1. Po + lakasll as, PSP. ARES PY

erect,

suffused wi pri cnr lip min on pe re pees ap pagan the base

broadk €, ec ts

ly cuneat a solitary

successiv ely icle behind the leaf: le slend , 3-4.5 cm long; floral bract tubular, 5 mm

long; pedicel stout, 2.5 mm long, with slender filament; ovary 3mm ong sepals membranous, the

dorsal sepal free, erect, translucent white pulp n, y ly ovate in the lower

third, ted ab p rkedly clavate, 12.5 mm long, 2 mm wide above the base, 5-

veined, the lat: te t the apex int , elliptical-obovate, very shortly bifid

ese higershspietes, sae 1 with red-purple to the basal fourth wi he strip

confluent, 12 mm long, 6 mm wide, oo veined, th pices btuse; petal: b narrowly

. . 1 fraceth attenuated

linear-ovate, the € margins s smooth ex cept for 1

Acgere 1 d 8.5 mm long um ide bovis; p yl

spotted with purple, oblong, g, man long, 1.8 sm wide, he psi lng, subtruncate,

uadrate, con

inate, the hypochile subq g h sid ih hin,

‘ ro c 4 “4 a

TOCess, the disc c with 3 a pair g fi

the epichile, th + ] £ ps lis column greenish

white te, slender, clavate, Sie, eb ews prema bh

PERU: without collection data, received by A. Hirtz from M. Arias of Lima, Peru, flowered in cultiva-

tion in Quito, Ecuador by A. Hirtz, 151 Dec. 1998, C. Luer 18775 (Holotype: MO).

With flowers among the smallest of the genus, this species is most similar to

Restrepia brachypus, although it resembles several other species. The broadly

striped synsepal, pure white toward the apex and solid purpl

distinctive. Except for the striped synsepal it resembles R. echinata ae R. elegans

with spotted synsepals. From striped R. iris it is distinguished by smaller flowers

and a verrucose lip.

Restrepia piperitosa is characterized by a small or medium-sized habit with the

lower sheaths of the ramicaul spotted. The small flower is ger near the apex of

the leaf. The stripes of the synsepal that is white near the apex tof

ines candy. The petals are without lobes or processes. ‘The lip is ean

the spotted epichile diffusely spiculate-verrucose.

Plate 50.

gg ees manningii Luer, sp. nov.

de aser of Serre Mooi ak of Tarposey, England, co-collector of this species =

seat Tes hiniei ints d gioribus, sepalorum

aii ana “eames ee

roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, ag

St ud ie

gradually narro low into the

flowered

cle, 5.8 1 from low on ww on the ramicaul, floral bracts

ce Sonne ate long; sepals yellow, the middle sepal s suffused with brown, erect, narrowly lineal, =

=~ ee narrowly ovate and concave below the middle, fleshy and semiterete abov

a Aida auiatie skews to Wee each lateral

oblong

"ovate cushion 7 mm long, 2.5mm wide, the apices rounded, with with slender tails 1.5 mm long;

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 64. Restrepia piperitosa Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF SCAPHOSEPALUM 121

petals yellow, ovate, oblique, 3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, with the apex acute, shortly acuminate; lip

yellow, oblon rpc pe andurate, reflexed near the middle, 2. 5 mm long, 1 mm wide, Slightly dilated i in -

middle third with a pair

e, the hyp beh bl th t inutel y bilobulate; column red, semiterete, eondly

mgs estes

winged, 2.5 mm long, perp hati sen ee

VENEZUELA: Edo. Aragua: near Colonia Tovar, collected by S. Manning and Carlos Garcia, 1995,

flowered in cultivation at ps Tarporley, England, 19 July 1997, S. Manning 95-0723 (Holotype:

MO), C. Luer illustr. 18552.

This species is closely allied to the Central American S. clavellatum, but it is

easily distinguished from the latter by the well-developed cushions of the lateral

sepals. Although vegetatively not distinctive, the flexible, long-pedicellate raceme

eventually attains a length of 25 centimeters. The flowers superficially resemble

those of S. clavellatum with a long, erect, dorsal sepal that is thickened and semiter

ete above the middle. Most distinctive is the large pair of well-developed enlical

of the sepals that are smaller and indistinct in S. clavellatum.