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FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 31
The Library of the
JAN 1 8 1979
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CHICAGO, U. S. A.
520.5
•FB
vi 31
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1. Two New Species of Palms from Nicaragua. By S. F. Glassman ... 1
2. Tropical American Plants, VI. By Louis O. Williams 11
3. Agriculture, Tehuacan Valley. By C. Earle Smith, Jr 49
4. Flora, Tehuacan Valley. By C. Earle Smith, Jr 101
5. Preliminary Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart, and Its Allies.
By S. F. Glassman 145
6. Tropical American Plants, VII. By Louis 0. Williams 165
7. Supplement to Orchids of Guatemala. By Donovan S. Correll .... 175
8. Preliminary Notes on Scrophulariaceae of Peru. By Gabriel Edwin . . 223
9. New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . . 233
10. Tropical American Plants, VIII. By Louis 0. Williams 247
11. Notes on the Flora of Costa Rica, I. By William C. Burger 273
12. A New Eurystyles from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 279
13. New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . . 285
14. A Revision of the Family Geastraceae. By Patricio Ponce de Leon . . 303
15. Studies in American Plants. By Dorothy N. Gibson 353
16. Two New Nicaraguan Juglandaceae. By Antonio Molino R 357
17. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman .... 363
18. Tropical American Plants, IX. By Louis O. Williams . ... 401
PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE
SCROPHULARIACEAE
OF PERU
GABRIEL EDWIN
NEW SPECIES IN THE PALM GENUS
SYAGRUS MART.
S. F. GLASSMAN
TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VIII
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
Univeisuy of Illinois
MAR 20 1968
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 31, NUMBERS 8, 9, 10
Published by
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
APRIL 24, 1967
LIBRARV
NEW SPECIES IN THE PALM GENUS
SYAGRUS MART.
S. F. CLASSMAN
Professor of Biology, University of Illinois
Research Associate, Field Museum of Natural History
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 31, NUMBER 9
Published by
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
APRIL 24, 1967
PUBLICATION 1024
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67-19650
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart.
In the process of studying herbarium material of Syagrus from
various institutions, I have encountered a number of collections which
do not fit into the provisional key to the genus proposed by me in a
recent article1 nor do they seem to fit into recognized species. Some
of these plants are described below as new species. I am grateful to
Josephine Sennet for the line drawings and to the National Science
Foundation which supported part of this work.
Syagrus archeri Glassman, sp. nov. Figure 1.
Palma acaulis. Folia ca. 87 cm. longa; pinniis utrinque 28 aequaliter pinnati-
secta; spadix ca. 34 cm. longus pars ramosa 19 cm. rachilliis ca. 19; flores masculi
et 6-7 mm. et 3.5-5.0 mm. alti; flores feminei 6-7 mm. alti.
Acaulescent palm or with short trunk to 0.3 m. long. Petiole 5.5-8.0 cm. long,
about 0.6 cm. wide, sheathing base about 13 cm. long; rachis of leaf about 69 cm.
long; pinnae 28 pairs, unclustered, mostly subopposite or opposite along rachis,
glabrous on both surfaces, middle ones up to 41 cm. long, 0.7 cm. wide, mostly
with long acuminate tips; expanded part of spathe up to 29 cm. long and 2.6 cm.
wide, glaucous on outside, becoming eglaucous with age; branched part of spadix
up to 19 cm. long, branches up to 19 in number, each branch up to 8 cm. long;
male flowers 6-7 mm. long and 3.5-5.0 mm. long, sepals 1.5-3.0 mm. long; female
flowers 6-7 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide; fruit (immature) 1.6 cm. long, about 1.0 cm.
in diameter, endocarp 0.5-1.0 mm. thick, cavity smooth; seed not seen.
BRAZIL: State of Minas Gerais, Fazenda Morro Redondo, near
Lavras, in burned-over pasture, 20 Sept. 1936, W. A. Archer 4048
(A, holotype; BH, NY, MO, US).
Another specimen (0. Handro 313 [SP], state of Sao Paulo, Casa
Branca, 18 Sept. 1952) collected about 130 miles to the west of Lavras,
may be the same species; but the spathe is slightly wider (3 cm.), the
male and female flowers are slightly longer (both up to 8 mm.) and
the spadix branches are slightly longer (up to 9.5 cm.).
Syagrus archeri seems to be related to S. graminifolia var. nana
(Drude) Becc. from Brazil. Both are acaulescent and have very nar-
row, unclustered pinnae; but the female flowers are slightly shorter
1 Preliminary Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus and its Allies. Fieldiana,
Bot. 31, 147-164. 1965.
235
FIG. 1. Holotype of Syagrus archeri Glassman. Archer 40^8 (A).
236
FIG. 2. Holotype of Syagrus cardenasii Glassman. Cardenas 5500 (BH).
237
238 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31
(6-8 mm., rather than 8-9 mm.) and wider (5-6 mm., rather than
3.5 mm.), and the spadix branches are shorter (up to 9.5 cm., rather
than up to 16 cm.) and more numerous (up to 19, rather than up to 5
in number).
During July 1965, I visited a grassland area about 16 km. north
of Lavras and observed about 100 living specimens. I was told that
there were similar stands of this species throughout the region. Sya-
grus archeri is fairly common in other grasslands and pastures of
Minas Gerais near Paraopeba, Curvelo and south of Diamantina.
A number of specimens were collected from palms in these localities,
but unfortunately I have only recently received the specimens from
Brazil for study.
Syagrus cardenasii Glassman, sp. nov. Figure 2.
Palm 1-2 m. alta. Petiolus 38 cm. longus; pinnis utrinque 32 in gregibus dis-
positus; spadix ca. 54 cm. longus pars ramosa 27 cm. longa; flores masculi 5-9 mm.
alti; flores feminei 7-9 mm. alti; fructus 2.2 cm. longus, 1.6 cm. diam.; semine
1.1 cm. longo, 0.75 cm. lato.
Palm 1-2 m. tall, apparently growing in clumps. Petiole 38 cm. long, about
1 cm. wide; rachis of leaf blade up to 57 cm. long; pinnae 32 pairs, single or in loose
clusters of 2-3, grayish-green above, but not waxy, yellowish-green below, middle-
lower ones up to 30 cm. long and 0.75 cm. wide, mostly with narrowed oblique tips;
expanded part of spathe up to 38 cm. long and up to 3.3 cm. wide, brownish-
tomentose to glabrous on outside; branched part of spadix up to 27 cm. long,
branches 9-11 in number, each branch up to 22 cm. long; male flowers 8-9 mm.
long on lower part and 5.0-7.5 mm. long on upper part; female flowers 7-12 mm.
long, 6-8 mm. wide, sepals and petals with more or less acute tips; pistil 5.5mm.
high; ovary densely short pubescent for most part; mature? fruit about 2.2 cm. long,
1.6 cm. in diameter, slightly beaked; endocarp bony, 2-2.5 mm. thick along sides,
3-3.5 mm. thick at extremities, cavity trivittate, smooth; seed about 1.1 cm. long,
0.75 cm. in diameter, endosperm homogeneous, cavity very narrow.
BOLIVIA: Province of Chuquisaca, between Monteagudo and
Muyupampa, alt. 1800 m., dry forest, slopy soil, "Motzcuchi," May
1959, M. Cardenas 5500 (BH, holotype; US).
Syagrus cardenasii seems to be related to S. cocoides Mart, from
Brazil. Both taxa have pinnae which are single or in loose clusters,
spadix branches of more or less the same length and number, and fe-
male flowers of about the same size and shape. The new species differs
from S. cocoides in the narrower pinnae (less than 1 cm., rather than
up to 2.5 cm. wide), smaller male flowers (up to 9 mm., rather than up
to 19 mm. long), and smaller fruits (2 cm., rather than 5 cm.) which
are only slightly beaked rather than long beaked.
FIG. 3. Holotype of Syagrus hatschbachii Glassman. Hatschbach 11668 (F).
239
240 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31
Syagrus hatschbachii Glassman, sp. nov. Figure 3.
Palma acaulis. Folia ca. 60 cm. longa pinniis utrinque 20 aequaliter pinnati-
secta; spadix ca. 20 cm. longus pars ramosa 9.5 cm. longa rachillae ca. 13; flores
masculi 4-6 mm. alti; flores feminei 4-5 mm. alti.
Apparently acaulescent palms. Petiole (partly cut off) about 9 cm. long,
0.5 cm. wide; rachis of leaf blade about 41 cm. long; pinnae 20 pairs, unclustered,
mostly subopposite or opposite along rachis, intervals between pinnae 1.5-2.0 cm.,
glabrous on both surfaces, middle ones up to 26 cm. long, 0.4 cm. wide, mostly with
long acuminate tips; expanded part of spathe up to 12 cm. long and up to 2.5 cm.
wide, densely dark brownish-tomentose on outside; branched part of spadix about
9.5 cm. long, branches up to 13 in number, each branch up to 6 cm. long; male
flowers 4-6 cm. long, sepals with acuminate tips, unequal in size and shape, 1-4 mm.
long; female flowers 4-5 mm. long, about 3.5 mm. wide.
BRAZIL: State of Parana, Castro, Carambei, Rio S. Joao, campo
seco, 3 Oct. 1964, G. Hatschbach 11668 (F).
Another specimen (G. Hatschbach 8091 [RB], Parana, Ponta
Grossa, Parque Vila Velha, Rio Arroio Guavirova, campo limpo,
30 July 1961) collected in a nearby locality and consisting of a leaf,
flowers and fruiting material may be the same species. The leaf
rachis, however, is about 74 cm. long and the intervals between the
pinnae are mostly 2.5-3.0 cm. apart. The following description of
the fruiting stage from this specimen is added : expanded part of fruit-
ing spathe about 17 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide; branched part of
fruiting spadix 13 cm. long, branches 15 in number, each branch up
to 11 cm. long; fruit (immature?) about 2 cm. long, 1.1 cm. in diam-
eter with beak 4 mm. high, exocarp and mesocarp fibrous, endocarp
woody, about 1 mm. thick, endocarp cavity smooth, trivittate; seed
apparently destroyed by insects.
Syagrus hatschbachii seems to be most closely related to S. lilli-
putiana (Barb. Rodr.) Becc. from Paraguay. Both are acaulescent,
have narrow (4-6 mm. wide) and unclustered pinnae, and have male
and female flowers approximately the same size. The new species
differs from S. lilliputiana mainly in the larger flowering spathes
(12 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, rather than 4 cm. long and 1.5 cm.
wide), larger spadices (9.5 cm. long, rather than 4 cm. long), and
longer and more numerous spadix branches (up to 6 cm. long and 13
branches, rather than up to 3 cm. long and 3 branches).
Syagrus lofgrenii Glassman, sp. nov. Figure 4.
Palma acaulis. Folia ca. 62 cm. longa, pinniis utrinque 32 in gregibus dispo-
situs; spadix (pars ramosa) ca. 13 cm. longa; flores masculi 8 mm. alti; flores
feminei 13 mm. alti.
FIG. 4. Syagrus lofgrenii Glassman (from Lofgren 573). Leaf blade (left) and
spadix (right) X 1; female flower (top) and male flowers (bottom) X 4.
241
FIG. 5. Holotype of Syagrus rachidii Glassman. Rachid 53520 (SP).
242
FIG. 6. Paratype of Syagrus mchidii Glassman. Toledo & Gehrt 43184 (SP).
243
244
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31
FIG. 7. Separate Flowers — all X 4. Male-left, Female-right. A. S. cardenasii;
B. S. rachidii; C. S. archeri; D. S. hatschbachii.
Acaulescent palm. Petiole (incomplete) 14 cm. long, 0.5 cm. wide; rachis of
leaf blade (apical part missing) about 47 cm. long; approximately 32 pairs of pin-
nae, mostly in loose clusters of 2-3, middle ones up to 17 cm. long and 0.5 cm. wide,
mostly with narrowed oblique tips, scattered cottony-pubescent to glabrous on
both surfaces; expanded part of spathe up to 17 cm. long and up to 2.5 cm. wide,
cottony-pubescent to glabrous on outside; branched part of spadix up to 13 cm.
long, branches about 6 in number, each branch up to 8 cm. long; male flower (only
one observed) 8 mm. long; female flowers 13 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide; fruit
not seen.
BRAZIL: State of Sao Paulo, Rio Claro, campo, 5 June 1888, A.
Lofgren 573 (SP).
Syagrus lofgrenii seems to be related to S. graminifolia (Drude)
Becc. from Brazil. Both are acaulescent, have narrow pinnae, appar-
ently the same number of spadix branches, and female flowers of
approximately the same size. The new species differs from S. gramin-
ifolia in the shorter pinnae (up to 17 cm., rather than up to 40 cm.
long) which are in loose clusters of 2-3, rather than unclustered and
it has tips which are oblique, rather than acuminate. The branched
part of the spadix is up to 13 cm. long, rather than up to 26 cm. long.
During July 1965, I collected what appears to be this species in
the vicinity of Itarapina, about 25 km. N.W. of Rio Claro. Further
study of these specimens is necessary before exact determination can
be made.
GLASSMAN: NEW SPECIES OF SYAGRUS MART. 245
Syragus rachidii Glassman, sp. nov. Figures 5 and 6.
Palma acaulis. Folia ca. 73 cm. longa, pinniis utrinque 44-46 in gregibus dis-
positus; spadix (pars ramosa) ca. 15 cm. longa, rachillae ca. 13; flores masculi et
10-12 mm. et 7-8 mm. alti; flores feminei 12-13 mm. alti.
Apparently acaulescent palms. Petiole about 16 cm. long, 0.6 cm. wide; rachis
of leaf densely whitish-tomentose, 46 cm. long; middle pinnae mostly glabrous
above, scattered brownish-tomentose below, in clusters of 2-3, up to 13 cm. long
and 0.8 cm. wide, mostly with oblique tips; expanded part of spathe up to 16 cm.
long, about 3.5 cm. wide, outer surface densely brownish-tomentose on lower half,
glabrescent on upper half; branched part of spadix up to 15 cm. long, branches
about 13 in number, each branch up to 8.5 cm. long; male flowers 10-12 mm. and
7-8 mm. long; female flowers 12-13 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide.
BRAZIL: State of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, campos cerrados da
Boa Vista, 5 Sept. 1947, Mercedes Rachid 53520 (SP).
Another specimen (J. Toledo & A. Gehrt 43184 [SP, F], Sao Paulo,
Campo Alegre, 25 Sept. 1940) appears to be the same species, but the
leaves are smaller (rachis is only 23 cm. long and pinnae are up to
10 cm. long) ; however, these appear to be the innermost leaves which
are generally smaller in size. This specimen has an underground stem
8 cm. long and about 3 cm. thick, and the spadices have fruits in vari-
ous stages of development. The fruits (immature?) are covered with
a brownish tomentum and are up to 2 cm. long and 1 cm. in diameter,
with a distinct beak about 4 mm. long.
Syagrus rachidii seems to be related to S. apaensis (Barb. Rodr.)
Becc. from Paraguay because both are acaulescent, have narrow,
clustered pinnae, have spadices approximately the same size with the
same number of spadix branches, and both have tomentose spathes.
The new species differs from S. apaensis, however, in the longer male
and female flowers (10-12 mm. and 7-8 mm., rather than 7-8 mm.
and 5-6 mm.; and 12-13 mm., rather than 8 mm.), shorter leaflets
(13 cm., rather than 23 cm.) and shorter spadix branches (8.5 cm.,
rather than 13 cm.).
Publications 1023, 1024 and 1025
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA