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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL.

Vou. XX., 1913.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

EF Fournal of Zoology

IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.

EDITED BY

Tort Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Px.D.,

Dr. ERNST HARTERT, anp Dr. K. JORDAN.

Woe. 1913.

(WITH FIFTEEN PLATES.)

IssuED At THE ZooLtocicaL Museum, Trine.

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Lpv., LONDON AND AYLESBURY,

1913—1914,

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XX. (191

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Expedition to the Central Western Sahara by Ernst Hartert (Plates

I.-XII. and XV.):

I. Narrative 2 2 :

OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS

II. Mammals.

TI. Ruminants. Ernst Harterr .

IV. Birds. Ernst Harrerr . : :

V. Reptiles and Batrachians. Ernsr Harrert

VI. Coleoptera. L. von Heypen .

VII. Lepidoptera. WaAtrer Roruscuiip

VIII. Siphonaptera, Kart Jorpan and N, Crarues eee HILD

TX. Pflanzen. G. SCHWEINFURTH .

X. Névroptéres. Lonorn Navas . ;

XI. On Ovis lervia Pallas. Watrer Rorascuiip

XII. Diptera. Ernest E. Austen (Part 1)

XII. Rhynchota—Homoptera. W. L. Distanr

XIV. Odonata. F, Ris ‘ : . : ;

XIVa. Corrections to No. VIL fie pinion’): WaALrerR KornscHiLp .«

XV. Rhynchota—Heteroptera. G. Hory ATH .

XVI. Hymenoptera (PI. XV.) F. D. Morice .

XVII. Orthoptéres. Ianacto Borivar .

MAMMALIA.

Some Notes on the Genera Zaglossus and Tachyglossus.

List of Mammals obtained by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, Ernst Hartert

and Carl mere in Western Algeria during 1913, OLpriELp

THOMAS

See subject ‘‘ General,” Nos, IT., IIf. and XI.

WALTER RoTHSCHILD

AVES.

Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Reise von Paul Spatz in die Algerische

Sahara im Sommer 1912 (mit einer Routenskizze), O.Grar Zepiirz

Critical Notes on the types of little-known species of Neotropical Birds.

Part II. C, E, Hetimayr

On some Australian forms of Zyto. Watrer Roruscuitp and Ernst

HARTER? .

Der Wanderfalke und die Peas ctias, Benet Brera .

Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.

ERwin SPRESEMANN .

3).

PAGES

28—33

33-30

37—16

76—84

85—108

109—143

143—144

145—163

444458

459— 460

460—465

465—467

468—469

469

592—597

598—602

603—615

188—191

586—591

98 — 37

164—186

227—256

280—284

284—288

289—324

ec)

6. Die Végel von Bali, Erwin StreseMANN : ; ?

7. List of the Collections of Birds made by Albert 8. Meek in the lower ranges

of the Snow Mountains, on the Hilanden River, and on Mount

Goliath, during the years 1910 and 1911, Watrer Roruscntip

and Ernst Harrerr

8. See subject “General,” No. IV .

REPTILIA AND BATRACHIA.

1. See subject “General,” No. V.

COLEOPTERA.

1, The Oriental Anthribidae of the Van de Poll Collection. K. Jorpan.

2. Some New Anthribidae from Africa. K, Jorpan

See subject “General,” No. VI. .

LEPIDOPTERA.

1. Descriptions of two new Colias and some African Syntomidae. WALTER

RoruscHiLp 5

2. New Lithosianae (continuation from Vol, XIX.) Watrer Rorascui.p

3. Some New Lepidoptera from German New Guinea. Water Roruscainp ,

4, Notes on Jxias undatus Butler, with the description of the unknown female.

Warrer Rorascnitp

5. Contributions to a Knowledge of the Sub-families Oenochrominae and

Hemitheinae of Geometridae. Louis B. Provr

6. Notes on Palaearctic Zygaenidae. K. JorpAN ; : .

7. Some unfigured Syntomidae (Plates XIII. and XIV.) Wauvrer Rornscump

8. Description of Two New Syntomids, Wa.rer Rorascninp.

9, See subject “General,” Nos, VII. and X1Va.

SIPHONAPTERA.

1 Stphonaptera collected by Mr. Robin Kemp in Tropical Afriea, K. Jorpan

and N. Cartes Roruscuiip

2, See subject “General,” No, VIII.

Diptera, Hymenoptera, Newroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Rhynchota.

See subject “General,” Nos. X. and XII.—_XVII.__,

INDEX ,

PAGES

325—387

473—5b27

37—76

76—84

257—377

582—585

85—108

187—188

192—226

278—279

279

388— 442

442443

470—472

591

109—143

and 469

528—581

143—144

444—615

617—656

LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME XxX.

I.—XI. Photographs from the Sahara, taken by E. Hartert,

XII. Map of the Algerian Sahara, By E. and Cl. Hartert.

XIII.

- Syntomidae. By Horace Knight.

xiv.J

XV. Hymenoptera, from photographs by F. D. Morice.

The Parts of this Volume were issued as follows :

. 1, containing pages 1—256 and Plates I.—XII., issued February 24th, 1913.

containing pages 257—472, issued June 17th, 1913.

containing pages 473—615 and Plates XIIT.—XV., issued October 21st, 1913,

containing pages 617—656, issued February 1914.

ERRATA.

Page 15, line 12 from top, read 106 instead of 102.

29, No. 8, the subspecific name is misspelt and should be rozsikae ; see footnote

on p, 589.

75, line 18 from bottom, add “nearly” between the last two words “and all.”

143, top line, the generic name should be Phthorimaea.

237, line 11 from bottom, should read: Fringilla fuliginosa, Wied, Beitr. Naturg.

Bras. ete.

350, line 20 from top, the generic name should be Lucichla.

475, line 10 from bottom, read: Clytomyias, not Clytomyia.

485, lines 19 and 20 from top, read musschenbroekii instead of muschenbrocki.

» 522, No, 212, read magnifica magnifica instead of magnificus.

,, 936, line 2 from top, read felis instead of felix.

» 542, No. 19, specifie name should read: Ayparetes not hyperetes.

3, I XO,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,

A Fournal of Zoology.

EDITED BY

Tae Hoy. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pu.D.,

Dr. ERNST HARTERT, ann Dr. K. JORDAN.

VOL. XX.

No. 1.

Paces 1—256.

Prates I.—XII.

Issuep Frsruary 240, av vHE ZoonocicaL Museum, Trina.

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Lp, LONDON AND AYLESBURY,

1913.

. CRITICAL

Vou. XX.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL

EDITED BY

WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. J.

EXPEDITION TO THE CENTRAL WESTERN SAHARA BY ERNST HARTERT

(Puates I.— XI. anp Map, Piare XIT.)

TI, Narrative

. Mammars

. Roumiants

. Birps

V. Reprites and Barracutans

. COLEOPTERA

. Leprpoprrera

. SIPHONAPTERA .

. PFLANZEN

ORNITHOLOGISCHE ERGEBNISSE DER

REISE VON PAUL SPATZ IN DIE

ALGERISCHE SAHARA IM SOMMER

1912 (Ahit einer Routenskizze)

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW COLIAS

AND SOME AFRICAN SYNZOMIDAE ,

. SOME NOTES ON THE GENERA ZAGLOSSUS

AND TACHYGLOSSUS

NEW ‘LITHOSIANAE (Continuation FROM

Vor, XIX.) .

NOTES ON THE TYPES OF

LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF WNEO-

TROPICAL BIRDS.—Parr IT. .

Oldfield Thomas

Ernst Hartert

L. von Heyden

Walter Rothschild .

Karl Jordan and N.

Charles Rothschild

G@, Schweinfurth

O. Graf Zedlitz

Walter Rothschild .

CO, E. Hellmayr

Paars

197)

28—33

33—37

37—76

76—84

85—108.

109—143

143—144

145—163

164—186

187—188

188—191

192—226

— 256

Lis] -

: ad

= v

Vol. XX. FEBRUARY 1913. No. 1.

‘EXPEDITION TO THE CENTRAL WESTERN SAHARA.

By ERNSI HARTERT, Pu.D.

[Pintes I.—XI. and Map (Pl. XII).

EXPLANATION OF SOME ARAB AND OTHER WORDS USED IN THE NARRATIVE.

Ain = source. (Water rising from the ground, artesian wells and others.)

Berber = the original inhabitants of Africa Minor, to which the Kabyles, Shauia,

Zenata, Chaamba, Touareg and others belong.

Bir, plural Biar = artificial wells, generally with artificial walls.

Bordj = vest-houses; generally used for the rest-houses built by the French military

authorities, intended for officers or men, but also permitted to other Europeans,

Chaambi, plural Chaamba = a desert tribe of Berber origin. Formerly dreaded robbers,

like the Touareg, now generally peaceful. Excellent camel-men and travellers,

Chott = salt lake, but mostly dry ; depression with salt, where sometimes water stands

after rain,

Dhomran = Traganum nudatum. Plant which is very good food for camels,

Erg (also Areq) = Region of the Sand-dunes.

Foggara, plural Feqgaquir = subterranean aqueduct, in galleries, in the central Sahara,

Gara, plural Gour = “ witnesses,” or remains of higher plateaus, in form of flat-

topped hills or mountains.

Gmira = larger or smaller pyramid-shaped stoneheaps serving as landmarks, by which

to find the way.

Hammada = stony desert, rocky plateau.

Hassi = wells due in sandy soil or in rocks; generally used for wells without artificial

walls, but in the farther south used for almost all wells built by men. (Apparently

not Arab, but Berber).

Mehari = riding camel—a special breed.

Oucd = river, or in the Sahara more generally river-bed, as rivers there very seldom

have water.

Sehcha or Sebkha = depression with salt and salsolaceous plants ; dry portions of Cott,

generally with some vegetation, sometimes under water,

Talha = acacias,

Tilmas = depression in an oued with water-holes ; water-holes.

The spelling of the geographical names is generally that of the French maps by

Prudhomme, Niox, and Nardin,

NARRATIVE.

A ma having made three lengthy visits to Algeria, the ornithological results

: of which have been published in Novitutes Zoologicae, vol. xviii. pp. 456-950,

aud having become well acquainted with the birds of the Northern Algerian

Sahara, Mr. Walter Rothschild wished to extend our knowledge of the fauna of

the Western Sahara farther southwards. He therefore asked me to make an

expedition to In-Salah, the principal oasis of ‘idikelt, in the centre of the

(2)

Western Sahara, in order to explore the ornis of those parts of the desert, and

to collect other animals and birds as well, as far as time and opportunities

permitted.

We obtained, with the kind help of our friend Dr. H. C. Nissen, in Alger,

the kindest possible letters of recommendation from the Governor-General of

Algeria, his brother, the chief of his cabinet, and from the military authorities

to the commanding officers in the south, and completed our ontfit in Alger

and Biskra, which we left on February 20, 1912. I was fortunate to be

accompanied by Mr. Carl Hilgert, who had been with us to El-Oued in

1909 and to Ghardaia in 1911. The camels in Biskra have not a good name,

and I was warned not to buy any, because they were not accustomed to arduous

travels, and therefore not to be recommended for a journey-to In-Salah and back.

Thus I only hired the necessary animals and men as far as Touggourt, and I

believe this was the right course, although more expensive. The weather was

glorious, no more magnificent day being possible: a cloudless sky, calm and

warm, and the desert greener than we had ever seen it before. It had rained

much, I believe chiefly in November and December, and a great amount of small

vegetation and countless flowers were seen almost everywhere.

From Biskra one passes first through fields, and then through a clayey and

partially sandy plain with numerous low tamarisk bushes. Then one crosses the

Oued Djeddi, here very small, coming from the mountains of Aflou and Laghonat

and disappearing in the great Chott Melrhir, Here, a few hundred yards from the

river, lies Bordj Saada, a large caravanserai, near which we pitched onr tent

for the first time. It was a beautiful, though cold, night; cranes flew overhead

in the evening, calling loudly. The rich verdure of this winter was not so much

noticed in the low-lying plain near Biskra as here. Immediately south of Bordj

Saada begins a slightly elevated stony plain, and there it was that the great

difference between a fertile year, like the present one, and a dry one, like that of

1909,.was obvious. Not only were there many more plants, but butterflies were seen

in numbers: the common and widespread Pyrameis cardui and Pieris daplidice

(subsp.), the pretty yellow Luchloé charlonia, and on the plain south of Bordj Saada,

where it becomes less stony, less bare, aud where—near Bordj Chegga—Zizyphus

bushes are numerous, Melitaea didyma deserticola was far from rare, though mostly

more or less worn, /uchloi charlonia was observed as far south as Tamerna, though

rare there.

Farther southwards the country becomes more sandy, and there it is that,

a little northwards of Kef-el-Dor, birds peculiar to the sandy desert, such as

Gralerida theklae deichleri and Sylvia nana deserti, ave found, South of Kef-el-

Dor we descend into the great Chott Melrhir, now to a large extent actually

full of water, where three years ago only the “ mirage ” or “ fata morgana ” made

us believe that we saw lakes and trees; great masses of Sandgrouse, apparently

all Pterocles senegalus, were passing high overhead, coming from the water. We

were, however, greatly disappointed that we saw no water-birds whatever, though

quite recently many ducks had been seen, and near Bordj Saada we had found

three dead Flamingoes, which had killed themselves by striking the telegraph

wires, and hundreds of Flamingoes were observed some weeks afterwards near

Mraier by Frenchmen and Arabs.

At Noa-ben-Rzig we camped in the same place as in 1909, near the little

oasis of palm-trees (see Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 460). We were troubled by small

flies, but not so much so as in the oasis of Ourir, where they were an almost,

unsupportable plague, and a perfect torture to the mules, whose ears became

swollen and stiff for a couple of days. The same pests occurred in Touggourt

and Ouargla, but we did not see them farther southwards, and it is remarkable

that in June they were quite absent.* We saw several times Pterocles alchata

flying overhead in greater and smaller troops, and obtained a few. Our last

‘samp before Touggourt was at Tamerna, on an open space between two large

oases. From Tamerna we made our last march to Touggourt—42 kilometres, This

march leads partly throngh very dreary and uninteresting sebcha, mostly covered

with nothing but one kind of plant, a Sad/cornia, forming thick bolster-like bushes,

partly through sand with very little vegetation and no dunes. Hardly a bird

was noticed except the “muka” (Alaemon alaudipes), and once a pair of Sylvia

deserticola, of which we shot one.

From February 26 to March 2 we remained in Tonggourt. Most of the

time was spent in buying camels and engaging men, and all this wouid have

taken longer had it not been for the kind help of Mr. Henry Chazelles. We

made also some excursions into the gardens. Of butterflies we saw frequently

one species of Lycaena (L. lysimon), Colias croceus (= edusa auct.), Pyrameis

cardui, the common Pieris rapae, and once a Pyrameis atalanta. Of birds, Lanius

excubitor elegans, Turtur senegalensis aegyptiacus, and Sparrows were common ;

while of migrants only Motacilla alba alba and Phylloscopus collybita, the latter

sometimes singing, were observed. The little Scops-owls (Otus scops scops), which

were common in April 1909, were absent, but Zyto albu (Barn-owls) were noisy

on a tower in the fort—where, however, we could not shoot them.

At last, on March 2, I had bought sixteen camels and hired two mehari (riding-

camels), as I could not buy any of the latter. In addition to Ahmed, our cook,

translator, and headman and his assistant, both from Biskra, I engaged a guide and

eight Arabs, all nomads, some of whom had travelled far and wide in the Sahara.

The guide, Abd-el-Kader ben-Lakhdar, and two others were former soldiers and had

seen service in Morocco and Tidikelt. These three were granted military rifles and

ammunition by the authorities, and I had all the men inscribed at the Bureau

Arabe, where my wishes were attended to with the greatest kindness.

On March 3 we left Touggourt for the south. We passed the rich and exten-

sive oases and towns of Temacin and Zaouia Tamellath, where a great marabu

resides, and marched about 24 km., as far as Bled-el-Ahmar, Bledet-Ahmar

or Bledet-Tamar, a large village, beyond which we camped. All the way from

Tonggourt leads through monotonous sebcha, in places rather slippery, and

intervening belts of sand with very scanty vegetation. No interesting birds were

seen, except at Bledet-Ahmar some Crested Larks ((ralerida cristata arenicolor),

and Grey Shrikes, and it is remarkable that this is the southernmost place on

this route where the long-billed Crested Lark is found, At this place we saw, ou

the edge of the gardens, two white butterflies, one of which we caught: a fresh

Euchloé belemia’ This is the southernmost place where it is known to oceur,

The fall moon rose with the wonderful brilliancy of the desert, and the evening

delivered us from the irritating, tiny sand-flies and a kind of yellowish guat that

bit in the daytime and which we encountered only in this place.

* According to Mr. E. E. Austen these flies are Leptoconops hertészi Kieffer, only described as late

as 1908 in Ann. Mus, Nat. Hung, vi. from Cairo,

(4)

From Bledet-Ahmar we made a long march and pitched camp in a sandy

plain. All the way led through low, rolling sand-hills, like the frozen waves of

the sea in a quiet “swell,” intermixed with stones and pebbles, but there were

hardly any dunes. The sand was, for desert sand, fairly rich in vegetation, the

bushes of Refama raetam reaching a height of two metres; Limoniastrum

quyonianum was flourishing, but not yet in flower, the “ Drin” (Aristida pungens)

being frequent, Euphorbia guyoniana and many little flowering plants of which

I do not know the names. The birds peculiar to such districts, Alaemon alaudipes

with its melancholy song, the pretty Sylvia nana deserti hopping in and out the

bushes, here and there Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor running along the

ground and almost invisible at even a short distance, because it so perfectly

matches the colour of the sand and stones. Twice the somewhat rare desert-

sparrow, Passer simplex saharae, was seen and shot, once Galerida thehklae

deichleri, and a Raven, which, however, was too shy for us. We passed a very poor

village, half engulfed in sand, many honses forsaken, the palms of a poor

appearance, the water rather bad and not very clean. In the palm-trees Lanius

excubitor elegans was seen. The night had been cold, but the day was warm.

Insects and reptiles were rather scarce, while later on in the year many more are

obvious. We saw here and there a Pyrameis cardui sailing wildly across the path,

and once a Pieris daplidice (subsp.).

The camp, in the clean sandy plain, was very peaceful and picturesque. A

LRhizotrogus-like beetle flew round the fires at night, but the low temperature with

a bright moon spoiled the catch of lepidoptera,

On March 5 we left the sandy tract and encountered a bare gravel-plain with

very scanty vegetation. No birds enlivened it except Ammomancs phoenicurus

arenicolor, here and there a forlorn Alaemon alaudipes and the Cream-coloured

Jursor. In spite of the short time before moonrise and the bare surroundings,

some Noctuidae and Pyralidae came to the light at our camp at the Hassi

Mahmar. The country from Hassi Mahmar onwards remains the same, only still

barer, and interspersed with stony patches and low flat-topped table-hills, where

Lvythrospiza githaginea occurs. Av hour before the Hassi Avefidji sand-waves

with huge Retam-bushes, Drin and Euphorbia set in. Here Grey Shrikes were

common, and their eggs taken; Crateropus fulcus and Sylvia nana deserti, also

Galerida theklae deichleri became quite numerous. A female of Oenanthe

(Saxicola) deserti and a flight of about 30 Calandrella brachydactyla on passage

were seen. It was again a grand night, and we hoped fora good collecting day

along the sands, but unfortunately next morning the wind began to blow and

made collecting very difficult; moreover about 10 km. farther we got out of the

beautiful sand-wavyes and had to cross a tiresome sebcha with Salsolaceae only ;

towards midday sand-dunes appeared, but at the same time the wind became

stronger and so boisterous that we sometimes thought it would blow us over with

our camels, and that one could not see a hundred yards ahead. Thus we reached

the miserable village of Ngoussa, or Bour-Ngoussa, which reminded us strongly of

El-Oued, surrounded as it was by sand-dunes and the palm-gardens half hidden

from sight by depressions among the hills. In the morning we had found a negt,

with four eggs of Scotocerca inquieta saharae and shot a Galerida theklae deichleri

which had, apparently, already laid eggs.

It must here be emphasized that south of Hassi Arefidji Crested Larks were

seen for the last time, and that in all the country south from there no Crested

(5)

Larks of any kind occur! From Koenig’s work it was left uncertain whether any were

found near Onargla, but there are evidently none. We have in vain searched for

them around Ouargla, and from inquiries made too, it is evident that no Gulerida

is found there. As I have said before, the last Galerida cristata were seen at Bled-

el-Ahmar, south of Touggourt. This was the first of our feathered friends from

the northern desert to disappear, but many others were soon to follow.

Having at last arrived at the village, we found the Bordj had collapsed, only

an open verandah and one room remaining standing. This welcome shelter we

occupied, and praised our luck that we had not encountered this weather yesterday

among the open sand-dunes of Arefidji; for the gale came in heavy gusts, and the

air was thick. We were just skinning our birds when a military doctor from

Onargla arrived on his way to Morocco, rid Biskra and Alger, with whom we had

to share the room, which was just big enough for three.

The gale diminished after midnight, and when we awoke in the morning it was

quite calm.

Yesterday we had practically seen the first migratory birds, and from now

not many days passed without migrants being observed. To-day, March 8, we noticed

Calandrella brachydactyla, numerous Phylloscopus (apparently all collybita), and

Motacilla alba. We rode as far as Ouargla, all the way through sand and sebcha

recently covered with sand, and before Ouargla we had to cross very high dunes of

a warm rufous colour, thongh this reddish hue was only due to a layer of red

sand covering the usual whitish yellow dunes. Passer simplex saharae was again

met with.

Arriving at eleven o’clock on the crest of the dunes, we saw Ouargla before us

in the distance, with a wide sheet of water to the left of the town; but it was still

a long and weary ride over a lifeless and absolutely uninteresting sebcha before

we reached the town, where we found primitive but tolerable accommodation in

Monsieur Irisson’s hotel.

Onargla (or Wargla) is an old town with an interesting history, but not a good

place for a zoologist, especially when he has to stay in the middle of the place, as

we were obliged to do, our chief object here being to complete our caravan and to

begin the march southwards. Down to Ouargla some zoological collecting had

been donie, south of it next to nothing. Koenig had visited Ouargla, and with him

Dr. Krauss, who collected some insects; Lataste had done good work here, with

his usual energy and success; and others had no doubt been there, since it is not

very difficult to reach the place.

No zoologist had, to my knowledge, ever been south of Ouargla.

Ouargla was founded many centuries ago by Berbers and Jews, and it is now

chiefly inhabited by Arabs of various tribes—Chaamba (an ancient Berber tribe),

and “hartani” (descendants of liberated slaves from the Western Sudan), with an

admixture of Jews converted to Islam in ancient times. All these races are more

or less mixed, and not easily recognised by a stranger, especially as most of the

Berbers are very black, resulting from the numerous negro women they used to

marry in the times of their raids on the Sudan tribes, and the darkening of their

skin is also favoured by the climate. There are also some M’zabites, who keep

shops ; and to the latter belong many of the date-palms, though others are claimed

by the Chaamba, who come here in great numbers in the autumn for the date-crop.

Thus only a fifth or so remains for the actual cultivators of the gardens, the

“haratins,” who yery seldom are owners of any property at all. In former times

(6)

Onargla has been a great centre of commerce, especially when the M’zabites lived

there, who are now concentrated in the valley of the Oued M’zab, and when,

apparently, the caravan-route from Algeria vid Biskra—Touggourt—Onargla—In

Salah—Soudan was more frequented, slaves, ivory, and ostrich-feathers forming

the fortune of such caravans; while now the slave-trade is prohibited, ivory finds

its way direct to the west coast down the Niger and Senegal, and ostrich-feathers

are only brought in small quantities. Nevertheless, even now Onargla is an

important centre and much thought of by the Arabs.

~The old streets of Ouargla are narrow, many arched and half dark ; the soldiers’

barracks and houses of the officers are outside the town, in large new buildings.

The town is surrounded by an ancient crenellated wall, with loopholes and a

rampart-walk ; and a feature of the place are the two white minarets, 25 metres

high and close together. The old kasbah is no longer in existence, thongh its ruins

can be traced, The palm-groves, or “ gardens ’ * as they are always called by the

natives, are bare and generally in faiely: deep depressions, though watered by wells

as well as from the water of the sebcha. Every property being ‘enenoniled by high

mud-walls, progress and collecting in the gardens are difficult and tiresome. Flies

and the irritating little “sandflies” (Leptoconops hertésxi Wieffer, 1908) were

frequent, and later in the season Ouargla is very unhealthy; malarial fever

abounds, and it seems indeed as if Onargla is the most unhealthy of all the

Algerian oases.

We collected a large series of Sparrows, which are all red-headed! The only

other sedentary bird we found in the palm-groves was 7'vrtur senegalensis aegyp-

tiacus. No owls were seen, and we were assnred that the Scops-Owls were not

known; but this statement may be erroneous, since, possibly, they had not yet

arrived from the south. Of migrants we noticed Calandrella brachydactyla,

Phylloscopi, Motacilla alba alba, Anas crecea, Anas querquedula, Machetes pugnax,

some very shy males of Oenanthe oenanthe, three Totanus (rectius Tringa !)

stagnatilis, Totanus (Tringa) glottis, and, on March 9, the first few Chelidon

rustica.

Our interest was aroused in the Gara-Klima (or Gara-Krima), a flat-topped

mountain about 12 kilometres from the town, throngh Professor Koenig’s visit

to that place in 1893. We therefore hired donkeys (mules or horses not being

obtainable) and devoted a day to it. It is a most uninteresting hill, consisting of

hardened earth with a top of rock and stones, the way to it leading through a sandy

plain with a few palms and miserable nomad huts. There are here also the ruins

of the M’zabite town Sedrata, which was destroyed by the Arabs. Koenig had

the great Inck to shoot a pale Eagle-Owl (Bubo ascalaphus an xectins Bubo bubo

desertorum Eri.) and to find Buzzards’ nests here; but we tried in vain to find

the Bubo, and Buzzards were absent, though old nests, as yet empty, evidently

belonging to the latter, were found. On the top of the mountain we shot a single

Ocenanthe leucopyga ; and this is the first place, coming from Touggourt, where this

species appears! I was greatly interested in the ruins found on top\of the Gara-

Klima. Koenig (Reisen und Forsch. in Algerien, p. 84) advanced the idea that they

were Roman ruins, strengthening his theory with the fact that, according to Barth

and Roblfs, Roe remains had been found as far south as 27° north latitude,

Koenig’s Biencary, however, is erroneous. The end of the road leading to the top is

crowned by a ruined arenes and one can trace houses and roads on the summit,

built of crude bricks of exactly the same nature as those used for the wall sur-

Ca)

rounding Ouargla ; and the bases of the houses on top are partly built of stones,

roughly shaped for the purpose.

These stones induced Koenig to think they were made by Romans, but where

Arabs or Berbers find stones lying about by thousands they always use them more

or less when building, as one can see in hundreds of places. Moreover it is well

known that the forsaken town on the top of Gara-Klima was a M’zabite town, It was

the M’zabites who built the well which pierced the whole Gara to a depth of 85

metres, 7.e. 830 metres beyond the bottom of the hill. It is now dry and probably

not more than 30 metres deep; in 1890 it was still 45 metres deep, the rest being

filled up with sand. Similarly constructed wells and ruins on the tops of hills are

found on the hillock of Ba-Mendil, north-west of Ouargla, and near Ghardaia.

Pieces of pottery among the ruins on the top of the Gara-Klima are also of typical

Berber origin. There is thus nothing whatever in favour of Koenig’s theory. [f,

according to Rohlfs and Barth, Roman remains occur as far south as 27° N. latitude,

they are certainly not found there in the Algerian Sahara. It is trne that in an

old Arab manuscript a statement occurs that Romans reached Onargla; if this

should be true it would probably have been some adventurers only and not a

Roman force, but they have certainly not left any traces behind.

The view from Gara-Klima is magnificent, and one sees westwards many other

“cour” with more rugged sides, where probably more owls and hawks occur than

on Klima.

At last, on March 13, we left Ouargla, having bought with great difficulty

two mehari and two more camels, and also taken another native, a Chaambi clad

in a beautiful purple gown who had an old gun and his own very hardy though

old and sore riding-camel; he was a very useful man, well versed in travelling,

shooting and hunting, and full of fun, improvising a concert almost every night,

not to the benefit of our cooking-pots, one of which formed the solitary musical

instrument, the rest of the din being singing, yelling and clapping of hands.

For 20 kilometres our way led over an absolutely bare sebcha, resembling an

endless harrowed field; then it became gravelly, afterwards more stony, and at

a distance of about 22 km. there commenced almost bare clay hills with low

cliffs (P]. [X., lower photo), and broken up by numerous dry ancient water courses.

These hills were inhabited by a few pairs of Oenanthe (Saxicola anct.) leucopyga

and a pair of Oenanthe lugens halophila. A pair of Ravens (doubtless wmbrinus)

were seen, and some old nests, perhaps of Buzzards, were found. After a short

ascent we had to descend again, and entered a bare rolling stony plateau where only

a few Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor occurred. <A solitary swallow flitted

across the ground. On the 14th we continued the march over the hammada,

descending somewhat, though the plain remained the same, only here and there

interspersed with pans of fine mealy soil, absolutely bare and tiresome to cross ;

two or three times a Muka (Alaemon alaudipes) was heard and seen, once an

Ocenanthe deserti, once a Cream-coloured Cursor, twice a solitary Kestrel and three

single Swallows. Moreover, this dreary day was cold, dull and windy, and we rode

all day in our overcoats. In the evening some few moths came to the light. Our

Chaambi tried target-shooting with his gan, one barrel of which was burst open ;

as his shots went too low, he bent the barrel slightly with his foot. Needless to

say, J always kept at a safe distance when he was shooting, but the gun never burst

any more, at least not as long as he was with us. On the Ldth the journey was

continued for a long time over the same monotonous flat plain, which changed to

(8)

a gravelly stretch and at last to a vast plain of a glittering white like snow, being

covered with dust like plaster of Paris, and interspersed with hillocks of erystallised

eypsum, while a few kilometres to the east enormous bare sand-dunes, about a

hundred metres high, bordered the view, and near the dunes were some “ gour”

of hard sandy clay. On the steep cliffs of these “ gour” nested a pair of Ocenanthe

lugens, and we saw Ravens, Egyptian Vultures (Neophron), a single Faleo

biarmicus erlangeri, some Calandrella brachydactyla on passage, and one Sylria

nana deserti on the other side of the sand-mountains. It was very windy, but in

the evening it calmed down and we had a very nice eatch of insects on the lamp,

and were greatly amused by the large quantities of a small sand-coloured Blattid,

which flew to the light and ran about with enormous swiftness, trying most

eagerly to enter the gauze cage in which the lamp was placed. We stopped two

nights at Hassi el-Hadjar, as the camels required a rest-day, and continued our

journey on the 17th through dreadfully monotonous, uninteresting bare stony

desert (“hammada”), interspersed with stretches resembling an ill-kept gravel

path in a neglected garden, and here and there with a flat-topped clay hill.

We saw a solitary Raven, one Veophron, three Milrus korschun, Alaemon alaudipes,

Calandrella brachydactyla, and a single Anthus campestris. Three Gazelles were

sighted, but too shy to approach : they had enrved horns and appeared to be of the

dorcas group. Our Arabs took a clutch of three eggs of Mileus horschun on one

of the “gour.” On the 18th we rode one hour throngh reddish sand with seanty

vegetation, where Certhilauda and Cursorius were seen, then again the endless

dreary “ gravel-path.” Hilgert saw at a great distance what seemed to him to be

a cream-coloured jackal (?) with some rufous on head and tail; I saw several

very shy Gazelles. In the evening we had a strong but very short rain. On the

19th hammada became more frequent, Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor was

occasionally seen, a mammal, Meriones schoushor?, was not very rare, though quite

local. A /uchloé was distinetly seen, but not obtained. Traces and dung of

Gazelles were found in quantities.

About 184 kilometres south of Onuargla some rocks of a white colour

appeared, and at once O¢enanthe leucopyga was in evidence; Phoenicurus

phoenicurus and Anthus campestris were observed on migration. In the evening

of the 20th a fairly heavy rain took place, lasting two hours or so. A very

deep well without water was found in a depression, evidently an old lake-bed,

and a new well was being dug not far away, but so far water had not been

struck. Near the camp, in the “Oued Djafou,” Phylloscopus trochilus, Oenanthe

oenanthe, and a Brown Kite were seen. On the 22nd it was only + 7° C. in

the morning, but beautifully warm afterwards. The day, however, was a day

of ill luck, We saw two Ammomanes deserti but did not get them; I missed a

Raven ; our men caught a young gazelle, but we got no shot at an old one.

We found several nests both of Oenanthe leucopyga and Sylvia nana deserti,

but all were empty. It was five o’clock before we reached camp, and thus we

went through a day of hard work—hayving been in the saddle and on foot for

ten hours—without any valuable results at all. We caught a Cerastes cerastes

(Horned viper), and found a pretty Convolvulus which was new to us (Conv.

supinus, var. leucotrichus Kral., teste Schweinfurth). In the afternoon we came

into sandy, country with high Retama raetam and other typical forms of the

sand-flora, though the sand, which had a warm reddish yellow colour, formed

only a thin layer on top of whitish rock. On the following day we soon

(9)

abandoned the sand and came upon a stony platean, only here and there with

a thin layer of sand, and flat-topped rocks of a white and red colour; Passer

simplex saharae was not rare in the sandy stretches.

Towards midday Hassi Iniquel was reached, near the ‘rocks called Safet-

Iniquel. It was interesting to see the camels drink after a week without water.

Although they greatly enjoyed the drink, and drank a good quantity, they got

hardly excited, and kept up their slow, measured, dignified walk, and only a few

tried to push off and bite others in order to get quicker to the water; the

quantity consumed by each camel was not greater than that drank by a thirsty

horse. On March 24 we crossed some very fine high sand-dunes, and then a stony

plain, until at last we came to the edge of the plateau, and saw before us El-

Golea, with its old fortress, isolated “ gour,” palm groves, gardens, villages, and

military buildings, in a belt of sebcha, extending from north to south, between

the plateau on which we were in the east, and the immense sand-danes of the

Great Western Erg in the west. (PI. L)

In El-Golea we were most heartily welcomed by the French officers, who

invited us to be their guests during our stay there. The commandant, Lieutenant

Maire-S¢ébille, gave us comfortable rooms in his house. El-Golea had formerly

a large garrison, with a general in command, but now, since the stations are

pushed southwards to Adrar, In-Salah, and the Hoggar mountains, it has lost

much of its importance as a military centre, and there are now only a small

number of men with two to three officers, in addition to the commandant or

chief of the “Bureau Arabe,’ whose duties are entirely administrative. This

military administration of the French Sahara is well adapted to the native

character, and is generally carried out admirably well by specially instructed

officers.

El-Golea is a charming place, a real little paradise in the middle of a vast and

wide desert. The gardens of the officers are very large, being made for a great

number who formerly were garrisoned here, and under the palm-trees, euca-

lyptus, apricots and peaches grow roses, violets, and many kinds of vegetables,

there being a number of artesian wells emitting an enormous supply of water

of a warm temperature, pure as crystal and good and healthy to drink. But

what is the most surprising thing is a real lake of fresh water, formed by a

very prolific artesian well, and with enormously high and thickly grown reeds

(Arundo donax), surrounded by trees and bushes. Needless to say this lake is

a winter resort of many kinds of ducks and water-fowl, as well as numerous

small birds; but for the water-birds we were a bit too late. Bird-migration,

however, began in grand style during our stay at El-Golea, from March 24

to 30. Scops-Owls (Otus scops scops) were very numerous in the gardens,

calling frequently at night. Motacilla flava flava was common, a few M. f/f.

cinereocapilla were seen, Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe was quite the commonest

bird, and hundreds were caught by the boys for food. Phoenicurus phoenicurus

was numerous, likewise both species of Phylloscopus, Lanius senator, Oenanthe

(Saxicola) hispanica, Anthus campestris, afew Anthus pratensis, Chelidon rustica,

Hirundo urbica urbica, Riparia riparia, Jynx torquilla torquilla, Calandrella

brachydactyla, Sylvia curruca, Muscicapa atricapilla (or rather hypoleuca),

Upupa epops not rare. On the lake Circus rufus, Ardea ralloides, Tringa

(Totanus) stagnatilis, ocrophus, glareola, hypoleuca, Gallinago gallinago and

gallinula, Ibis faleinellus and Fulica atra were observed, aud mostly obtained.

(10 )

The Coot (/. atra, and not cristata /) were seen in a few pairs only, and we were

told they nested on the lake, where they stayed all the year round.

In the oasis and gardens no bird was observed of which we could already

say with absolute certainty that it nested there, except the Grey-headed Honse-

Sparrow, which is exceedingly numerons, nesting in trees and on honses, and

having eggs and young already.

There is a high and steep descent from the plateau downwards, and millions

of fossil shells are seen in many places. Some detached rocks are entirely covered

with fossils, and specimens are lying about in many places, According to Rolland

(Giéologie du Sahara, 1890, p. 55) they belong mostly to the genera Ostrea (about

half a dozen species), Plicatula, Rhabdocidaris, Strombus, Cardium, Janira,

HTolecty pus.

On an isolated rock above E1-Golea stands the forsaken and now partly ruined

old fortress and town of the Berbers (PI. I.). It is apparently 500 or 600 years old,

and was built by the Zenata, a people of the great Berber tribe, and of doubtful

limits. Evidently the Zenates are nothing clse than a southern portion of the

Berbers, living in the Saharan oases, who, about 600 years ago, settled among the

Jews, who at that time oceupied—and had partly founded—a number of oases from

the Oued Rirh (south of Biskra) to Tonat and Tidikelt. These Zenates had

probably been shifted to and fro by the various Arab invasions, and at last settled

down, founding the oasis of El-Golea, as it is now called by the French, under the

name of Hl-Menida, and under the latter it is still universally known to the Arabs.

More or less nomadic, the Zenata for a time left their “ El-Meniia” during the

summer months, going to the Oued Megiden and other places, to feed their herds,

but by-and-by they became more sedentary, and have now settled down entirely,

Though for native arms formidable and almost impregnable, the fortress was

occupied by the French for a time, and is now, as I said above, quite forsaken.

I ascended the old fortress (PI. I.) with some of the French officers, and obtained

a beautiful view over the oasis and beyond into the wide Western Erg, an ocean of

sand-dunes. In an empty half-sabterranean dwelling thousands of Bats, Ased/ia

tridens, were found.

In the lake and ditches are millions of a water-shell, Melanopsis dufourii, a frog

(Rana esculenta var. saharica Blgr.), and the European Tench (7inea) has been

introduced from France and thrives well.

On March 30 we left the hospitable oasis, with its flowers and comfort,

accompanied by our kind host for an hour or so, As usual in all oases, it was time

for our men to leave, who were satisfactory enough in the field, but in the “ towns ”

became debanched and lazy, with a few exceptions. The first part of our way led

through dreary sebcha, resembling an absolutely bare freshly ploughed field, covered

with salt, glittering silvery white in the sun.

On our right was the Great Western Erg, its high sand-dunes sharply silhouetted

against the unbroken blue sky. Limoniastrwm bushes stood at the edge of the

sebcha, where the sand began, in great Inxuriance and often eight or nine feet high,

now covered with reddish violet flowers.

Alaemon alaudipes and Cursorius were the ouly resident birds seen; Hoopoes

were observed in great numbers in the oasis. Towards midday we traversed for

about seven kilometres a rongh hammada with a little sand, blown over from the

Erg, and then descended into a depression where reeds stood in quantities, proving

that water must from time to time ran into the place (Pl. IL). Here was also a

Cal)

bush which in the south we saw only here: Nitraria tridentata. After some search

we found the Hassi Okseibat. The water was only 3 metres from the surface, but

an old dry well was near by.

This place is probably—like many others—an ancient resting-place of caravans.

Here, as in many other similar places, we found many eggshells of extinct ostriches,

probably Psammornis rothschildi Andrews. The camp was most picturesque, but

there was little life, only the Fennek (the little creamy white desert-fox), Alaemon,

and of migrant birds Anthus campestris being noticed.

On the 31st we marched over a stony platean with a good deal of small

vegetation, to the Hassi Marroket, or Marrokat as the Arabs call it, where

excellent water was found about 7 or 8 metres from the surface. In the well,

24 metres deep, Saxicola leucopyga had hard-set eggs, and on the stone wall

protecting the well Passer simplex had a nest, unfortunately as yet without

eves,

On April 1 we ascended again the stony plateau, then crossed a number of

high dunes, among which we lost the way for some time because our guide attempted

to take a short cut, and thus subjected the camels to a very tiresome and partly

unnecessary toiling over steep sandhills. Gazella leptoceros loderi was seen ; but a

heavy gale began to blow as soon as we entered the dunes and raged with increased

force until we reached a depression called “ daya-bou-Ziane,” where it reached its

height. With great difficulty, making use of occasional lulls, the tent was erected.

The gale then came in blasts with tremendous roar, and hot, as if coming from a big

furnace, and no collecting of any kind could be done, but I obtained photographs of

the moving sand-dunes (PI. III.). The so-called “daya” contained very large

tamarix-bushes—some 3 and even 4 metres high—but no other bushes of any kind.

The dunes covered solid rocks of red and white colours. Many of these dunes have a

nucleus of rock, and I suspect even the highest dunes have bases of stone, covered

with sand. Here the rocks that were visible here and there were smooth as if

polished, probably by the action of the sand. Few birds were seen : a Milvus horschun,

a single Wryneck and a single Oenanthe (Saxicola) deserti, Since El-Golea we were

on the track of the French colamn which marched down to Tidikelt in 1900, Even

the ruts of the cannon were still visible in.some places, and in one place we found

the ruins of a stone house with numerous empty provision-tins, showing that French

soldiers had camped there. In the stone walls were nests of Passer simplex, but

still empty. Much of the tinned meat for the French army comes from New

Caledonia and Madagascar. The stay in camp was not pleasant : the sand penetrated

everything, the heat was great and almost suffocating, and we had work—birds to skin,

reptiles to prepare, etc. Moreover the spirit-boxes from the British Museam would

not unlock, the locks being too fine and complicated, and had to be taken to pieces.

Next day we passed through a stony plain almost without any vegetation and,

for a change, two high dune-belts ; but, about two in the afternoon, we reached the

beautiful valley of El-Meksa, surrounded by rocky hills covered with sand and high

dunes; the valley was full of flowering plants (especially Henophytum desert?)

on which huge flies were numerous. These flies were hawking about in such a

manner that we at first thought they were a kind of Macroglossum or other

Hawkmoth. Corvus corax umbrinus and Falco biarmicus erlangert were seen,

Passer simplex saharae and Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor ; of migrants only

Chelidon rustica. Ascending the surrounding hammada to the south, we came upon

a wide plain with hard brown soil covered with innumerable stones and without

( 12 )

vegetation, without life, of a bareness surpassing everything we had seen, Camel-

skeletons began to be frequent, and we counted 24 in three hours.

A hundred kilometres south of El-Golea, near a small gorge, we came npon three

stone-heaps, the graves of Lieutenant V. M, A. Collot and two native soldiers, who

were here shot by some Chaamba, lying in ambush in the little gorge, on

October 31, 1896, A stone plate states in simple words the tragedy (Pl. IV.).

These silent graves in the vast and lifeless desert make a great impression on the

traveller who passes them. ‘Towards eleven o’clock (April 3), we descended into the

wide bed of the Oned Saret. Here we found a very rich vegetation, and I preserved

as many species of plants as I could find, Besides a kind of grass (Pennisetum

ciliare), the strong-smelling Deverra scoparia was the most namerons flowering

plant, and a few kilometres farther upwards huge bushes of Zizyphus were found.

We camped near a well without water. Calandrella brachydactyla was about in

flocks, Oenanthe (Saxicola) hispanica was noticed, a female Circus macrourus shot,

Falco biarmicus erlangeri observed, and here was obtained for the first time

Ammomanes deserti mya, the new lark so common in the region of the Sonthern

Oned Mya. Swallows were seen flitting to and fro. Unfortunately a heavy wind

troubled us all day long, frustrating any close observations, giving much trouble

in mounting the tent, and disturbing our rest during the night. On the next

morning we marched for some distance along the bed of the Oued Saret, seeing

many spoor of Gazelles, observing Sylvia cantillans, Chelidon rustica, Oenanthe

oenanthe, Motacilla flava flava and Monticola saxatilis saxatilis. Then followed

again a bare hammada, with black stones, as if burned by the heat of the sun, and

mostly not the least vegetation, sometimes not one green leaf or a blade of grass

for hours, but plenty of camel-skeletons. According to our Arabs, most of these

skeletons are from the military expedition of 1900 to In-Salah, when nearly a

thousand (?) camels are said to have been lost; but at all times camels occasionally

break down and die on the roadside, where food and water are scarce. ‘Traces were

seen of gazelles and of a jackal or fox ; a snake was caught and a solitary Yellow

Wagtail observed. Here, where stones are frequent, the road is marked with stone-

heaps and erect flat stones, bearing the numbers of the kilometres, so that nobody

can lose the way. At midday we reached “ Mort Miribel,” or as the natives say

‘Hassi Chebaba” or ‘‘Chebbebba,” situated on the height above the river-bed

of the “Oued Chebaba,” amidst the most dreary and lifeless country one can

imagine, though the river-bed has a certain amouut of vegetation.

Fort Miribel is a fortress with many rooms round a big courtyard, and rather

well built of mud-bricks; in the oued below are the ruins of the buildings,

where the Spahis (native cavalry) were quartered, round the old well, and near

several new oues, some of which are now dry and gradually filling up with sand.

For some years a fairly strong garrison was stationed at Fort Miribel, but now it

has been abandoned as useless, because of the southern garrisons at In-Salah,

Touat, and in the Hoggar mountains, and the peaceful state of the country, An

irresponsible Arab is supposed to watch the place, but the sand is encroaching on

the fort, piling up hills along the surrounding walls, filling the rooms throngh the

broken windows or the doors carelessly left open, the courtyard and the cellars;

locks are being taken away by anyone who fancies them, walls are beginning to

tumble down, and in a few years the place will be in rains, a haunt of the Black

Ohats and Ammomanes deserti mya.

We ascended the hill and occupied two of the best rooms, where we prepared

(13 )

our birds and other things; but it was cold, and a heavy gale blew sand in

masses over the place, so that we were glad of our comfortable quarters. Near

the wells in the valley stands a broken column in memory of the murdered

lientenant Collot : an inscription in French and one in Arabie were on the sides

of this dignified monument, but the French one was already broken away when

we passed the same way in May.

On April 5 a cold gale blew from the north, and though we had + 8° C. in

the morning at seven o’clock, and as much as a maximum of + 14° in the afternoon,

~we felt cold all day, the sun not shining, the wind blowing incessantly. On the

lifeless platean we came here and there across a clayey stretch, showing traces of

Gazelles, little rodents, and Bustards. In the afternoon we reached the “ mouse-

river,” Oued Far, where we erected the tent with the greatest difficulty. Near this

river-bed we saw two Chaamba with Mehari and many sheep grazing in some

depressions with a few Zizyphus bushes. The map calls these wretched places

“dayas” ; but they have, of course, nothing to do with the wonderful dayas of the

district of Tilrhempt, between Ghardaia and Laghonat.

Several times we were able to hand postcards to the post-rider, called boshaat.

Mails are conveyed by single natives ou camels, who ride day and night. They

have a rifle, generally well wrapped in, so as to keep the sand off, and have no

fear whatever, and nobody molests them (Pl. V.).

On April 6, after a long march over undulating, bare, stony plateaus, we

came to the first tributary of the great Oued Mya system. It was a surprising

sight which gladdened our hearts when we suddenly saw before us, from the barest

hammada, a wide river-bed with tufts of grass, flowering plants, and huge, thiek-

stemmed tamarisks, affording shade enough for us to sit down and eat our luncheon

of sardines, Arab bread, and dates, with water from El-Golea. After a short rest

we crossed again some stony plateaus, descending first into the “ Oued Tinbourbar,”

then into the “ Oued Sidi-Djilali-Lakhdar,” and once more, down a steep ravine,

toilsome and dangerous for camels, to the “Oued Tindjamat,” where enormous

cliffs, reminding us of El-Kantara on a lesser scale, walled in the wide river-bed.

Through these and other tributaries of the Southern Oued Mya, and at last in the

bed of the southernmost bend of the real Mya river, we marched five days. These

days were delightful, and gave us plenty of work—though, unfortunately, several

days were very windy, making impossible any moth-collecting, and often spoiling

the day’s work.

The river-beds (Pl. VI., upper photo, Pl. VIL.) are generally full of bushes of

Retama, many huge tamarisks, and here and there enormous Zizyphus, and the

banks are, especially along the southernmost bend of the real Oued Mya, full of

flowers, mostly yellow and pale lilac. We had not seen a butterfly since El-Golea,

aud here we were greeted by numerous Pieris daplidice albidice and Luchloi

JSalloui obsolescens, and twice we saw a Papilio machaon hospitonides, ouce also

a Danais chrysippus, many Pyrameis cardui, and Colias croceus. On the 11th

hundreds of Celerio lineata Uvornica were seen hawking about in the sun, and

we secured a number of them. Of reptiles a black form of Uromastiv acanthinurus

was found to be not rare, but difficult to catch among the rocks, and a few

lizards and snakes were caught.

All the surrounding heights are as bare as possible, without the slightest

sign of vegetation, and all the game has to come down to the river-beds for food,

There are only a few water-places, and they are not wells, but only “ tilmas,” /e.

(14)

water-holes in the sand of the river-bed, generally open, but sometimes covered up

with 2 flat stone, or filled up with sand; when the sand is dug away for a foot

or two the water soon fills up the hole, and thus, by and by, some amount of liquid

is gained, and it is quite drinkable, being well filtered through the sand. During

the six days in the Oued Mya region we camped twice on a “ tilmas ” with water,

and we passed another on the way; but it would probably not be difficult to sink

wells in other places along the river-beds.

Now, during the second week of April, migrants passed through in great

quantities. We observed and partly collected: Luscinia megarhyncha megarhyncha

(once), several Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe and oue O. 0. leucorrhoa, O. hispanica,

Saxicola (Pratincola auct.) rubetra and rubicola, Phylloscopus collybita and

trochilus, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Sylvia curruca and cantillans, S. conspicillata

(rare), Motacilla flava flava, Anthus trivialis and campestris, Calandrella brachy-

dactyla (two flocks), Lanius senator (common), Chelidon rustica, Hirundo urbica,

Riparia riparia, Upupa epops (a few), a flock of Merops apiaster, a single Quail.

We also found numerous pellets and the remains of a Seops-owl (Ofus scops),

showing that these birds must have passed through quite recently.

Of mammals we caught a few smaller rodents, shot a new “ gundi”

(Massoutiera harterti), and saw many traces of gazelles, Barbary-sheep, jackals,

and—apparently—foxes, Hares were common, and we shot several. We also

found the remains of a hedgehog-skin. Of resident birds only Ammomanes

deserti mya and Ocenanthe (Savicola) leucopyga were more or less common and

widespread, and two or three times single specimens or paiis of Mrythrospiza

githaginea were observed. Falco biarmicus erlangeri nested on the cliffs, and

eggs were taken; Buteo ferox cirtensis Was observed twice, a young Neophron,

Ravens, and a single Milvus horschun were noticed, and on the way back a single

Athene noctua saharae was shot.

Very interesting moths were collected at night, bat some evenings were cold

aud stormy, and once it rained for five minutes—hnge drops, not enough to refresh

even the plants. The amount of verdure and flowers in the river-beds was due to

heavy rains having fallen in December or Jannary, flooding the rivers to a great

height, and making them impassable for caravans and post-riders. This state,

however, lasted only a few days, and the water had not even reached the neigh-

bourhood of Hassi Inifel (north-east of El-Golea), where Lieut. Maire-Sébille

found no trace of rain and not a green leaf or blade in May, while in former times

the waters must sometimes have rolled on northwards at least to south of Ouargla,

where they were lost in the sand. Rolland (cf. his admirable works on the

“ Hydrologie” and “Géologie du Sahara Algérien”) was probably the first to

regard the Oued Rhir (extending from Tonggourt to the Chott Melrhir) as a

continuation of the Oued Mya, which would then have been united with the Chott

Melrhir by way of the Sebcha of Ouargla, the Sebcha Safroun, north of Ngoussa,

the Chott Bardad, and the Chotts of Bledet-Ahmar, and Temassin. This theory

has generally been accepted ; but it is, to me, difficult to imagine that enongh rain

used to fall on the plateau of Tademait to send the waters up to Touggourt and

farther, and the Oued Mya certainly drains only the Tademait. On the other hand,

the Oued Igharghar comes from the massive of the Hoggar Mountains, and its

waters were, | should think, rauch greater and more likely to extend to the Chott

Melrhir, so that the Oued Rhir appears to be more likely a continuation of the

Oued Igharghar than of the Oued Mya, which only drains the plateau of Tademait.

(15)

On the other hand, it must be remembered that the Tademait is an absolutely

bare rocky plateau, the rain-water running off as from a table, and filling the

aftluents of the Mya without much loss, so that one single torrential rain would send

down incredible volumes of water to the Oued Mya. It is, of course, known that

the alluvial and diluvial deposits of the northern Sahara have been transported there

from the south, and not from the north.* The Atlas Mountains send their waters

to the Mediterranean and not to the Sahara. What small rivers there are (like the

Oued El-Kantara, later on called Oued Biskra and the Oued Djeddi) do not extend

far to the south,

On April 11 we left the last bend of the beautiful Oued Mya and ascended

again a dry and bare hammada. After a loug and tedious march, during which we

saw many camel skeletons (on this day we counted 102), we came to the end of

the great platean of Tademait and descended into the gorge of Ain Guettara

(Pl. VIIL). It was time that we came to a halt, as some of our camels had

cut their feet on the sharp stones and were bleeding freely. This ravine is

very picturesque, the cliffs are steep and rugged, the river-bed deep and full of

boulders of various sizes. Generally it is very bare, but here and there some small

flowering plants are seen, and small acacias grow sparingly along the valley.

The famous well (Ain) is a smal] dribbling source, the water of which is collected

in a basin, and a similar source is about a hundred yards away. A group of

date-palms (Plate VII.) stands near the source—a welcome sight, for, with the

exception of a solitary tree of its kind below Fort Miribel, we had not seen a

palm since El-Golea. The French have made a fairly good road through the

gorge, well marked with kilometre stones. Formerly the passage through it

must have been formidable, and numerous skeletons of camels show that it was

no child’s play. We camped two days in the gorge, but without much success.

The first evening some moths and beetles were caught, but a heavy wind spoiled

the second night. It came from the south, in gusts, hot as if out of an oven,

and carried with it brown dust like powdered chocolate, which pervaded every-

thing, and was, to my mind, worse than sand. A new form of “ eundi,” called

Massoutiera harterti by Mr. Oldfield Thomas, is found in small numbers, and

a huge Barbary-sheep looked down upon our camp from the highest rock on

the first evening. Birds are scarce; of Passeres only Ammomanes deserti mya

and Ocenanthe leucopyga breed in small numbers. We found several huge nests,

but all were empty. No large birds were seen, but on our way home a pair of

Buzzards (Buteo ferox cirtensis) were observed, and also a pair of Falco

hiarmicus erlangeri—all, however, so shy that we could not shoot them. Traces

of jackals were noticed, but traps were put out in vain. Of migrants, Swallows,

Pipit, a Hoopoe, Sylvia conspicillata, Sylvia curruca, S. melanocephala (once),

Lanius senator, and Phylloscopus collybita were noticed.

On the 13th we left Ain Guettara, and after passing a long dreary hammada,

entered a river-bed with numerous large acacias (“ talhas ”), reminding us of tropical

African landscape (Pl. X.). A Wryneck was seen in one of the acacias. A Gazelle

was viewed, but not obtained. Soon we were out of this valley again, and crossed a

gravel-range with countless small spherical stones, like so many ancient gun-balls,

but without vegetation, after which followed a river-bed of a new character: the

“Oued el-Abiod” or “ White River,’ a frequent name in the Sahara. There is

" A. Pomel, Le Sahara, 1872, Cf. Rolland, Gévlogie du Sahara, p. 08.

( 16 )

much sand in the Oued el-Abiod, but it appears to be recently blown over, and to

rest on a basis of rock and gravel. The vegetation is peculiar: thick tufts of a

large grass (probably an Andropogon), and here and there a Zizyphus. Here and

everywhere in the south Grey Shrikes were absent, while Lanius excubitor elegans

oceurs everywhere in the north where Zizyphus abounds. We found, however, an

old nest in one of the bushes here, which might have been a Shrike’s nest. Here, on

the sand of the river-bed, however, Alaemon alaudipes and Ammomanes phoenicurus

arenicolor were seen and promptly shot. The night was once more a wild and

unpleasant one ; a heavy gale was blowing, and we were covered with sand. Never-

theless we caught a few moths in a sheltered depression, and among them a new

species: Chilena hilgerti, of which a second specimen was caught in exactly the

same spot a fortnight later.

On April 14 we made the longest march of our journey: over 50 km., to

Foggaret-es-Zona, the first of the Tidikelt oases. After leaving the river-bed we

came upon a gravelly plain with many round stone-balls. At first we had to our

right and Jeft many grotesquely shaped rocks and “ gour” (flat-topped hills), but they

were soon left behind, and we came upon the barest and most hopelessly lifeless

stretch ever seen. The plain appeared to be endless; far in the distance we saw the

palms of Foggaret-es-Zoua, but they seemed to be as far after hours and hours as

when we had first sighted them at eleven o’clock, and it was past five o’clock when we

reached the houses. The village is not large, but the houses are peculiar, low, many

of the better ones crenellated quite ornamentally; and the inhabitants wear mostly

garments like the Touareg, though they are Arabs and other Berbers.

The surroundings are very dreary, as rain has—apparently—not fallen to any

extent for many years, the last twenty years having been exceedingly dry. Where

Rohlfs, in 1864, saw much verdure and food for camels, and extensive thickets of

“ Dhomran ” (Lraganum nudatum), we found no trace of green, but dead roots and

twigs of bushes, said to have been “ Dhomran” by our Arabs. I dug several of

these out, and found them dead to the roots.

The evening was cool, but we were troubled by gnats, and could not sleep in

the stuffy house which we had entered in order to save the mounting of

our tent.

At six o'clock the next morning we left Foggaret-es-Zona, and at eleven we

reached the pretty little oasis of Igosten. To our left we saw almost all the time

the palm-groves and houses of Foggaret-el-Arab, as it is now called.

Roblfs was the first European who saw the oases of Tidikelt. He called the

“ Fooearet-el-Arab” of to-day “ Fogura el-Arb” ; our Igosten of to-day he called

Gusten or Igesten, and our Arabs also said generally “ Gosten,” never “ Igosten.”

We found Igosten very interesting. According to Deporter (1890) the districts of

Foggaret-es-Zoua and Igosten had 2,300 inhabitants, of whom 60 were Zenata

(2.e. Berbers), 1,362 Arabs (of the tribes Onlad-Sidi-Bl-Hadj-Mohamed, Oulad-Sidi-

Cheikh, Oulad-Yaich, Oulad-Zoummit, Oulad-Taleb-Ali, and Kel-Ahmellen *),

594 Harratin (descendants of freed slaves), 270 Negroes and 20 Touaregs. The

Touareg, however, are not, as a rule, sedentary in Tidikelt, but come in great

numbers in the autumn to buy dates and other necessaries ; the inhabitants are

mostly clad like Touareg, veiled in dark blue-black robes, so that only the eyes

and hands are visible, and many understand the language of the Touareg, the

interesting ‘“ Tomashek.”

* The latter said to be Touareg by Rohlfs, though they call themselves Arabs. (2)

(17)

We found a fairly comfortable, but stuffy, airless “ Bordj,” which we occupied.

The keeper brought food for the camels, eggs, and dates. The village is half

buried in sand, though on the crests of the dunes hedges of palm-leaves are erected,

in order to stop the inroad of the sand. The palm-gardens are fairly extensive, and

onions and gourds are grown in great numbers, also wheat, barley, cabbage,

turnips, red pepper, and cotton, in small quantities.

Phylloscopi, Muscicapa hypoleuca (atricapilla anct.), Oenanthe oenanthe,

Hirundo urbica and rustica were common on passage ; a single female Tinnunculus

was seen, and a White Stork which was very dirty and evidently ill. Only one

bird was breeding freely: the grey-headed Sparrow. The nests were numerous in

palm-trees. Of insects a common Cicindela was caught, some Lycaena, and a

single Danais. -

The inhabitants were kind, though some of them rather shy. A number of

boys accompanied us, when we went out to collect, among them one of great

beauty and noble figure; he was of a lighter colour than most of the others, who

were mostly as black as negroes, and partly real Sudanese blacks.

On April 16 we rode to In-Salah, where we were welcomed with the greatest

cordiality and kindness by the Commandant, Captain Payn, and his officers. Two

large rooms were given us in the fort, and we were happy to find letters from

Europe and from Alger, from our wives, friends, and relations.

The little fortress, “ Fort Bugeaud,” is picturesquely built of baked clay with

roofs and rafters of palm-stems, and some distance from the villages. Only the

French officers and “ sous-officiers,” and the native Saharians are stationed within

the fort, and a sentry watches day and night from the watch-tower. The mess-

rooms (the “ popotte”) with a library are situated outside, and in them we found

a photo of Captain Haywood, who passed through In-Salah two years ago, on his

journey from Timbuktu to Biskra,

Most of the Arabs in In-Salah belong to the tribe of the Oulad-bu-Hama

(Ouled-bu-Homo of Rohlfs); many are Mrabtin (Marabutin of Rohlfs), and a great

number Hartani (descendants of slaves), and Negroes. A few Chaamba live also in

the villages (Pl. X.). The houses are built as in Igosten, and the natives have a

very wholesome respect of the Europeans ; sometimes even fear, and we found them

always decent and willing to do little things for us, such as bringing in specimens,

climbing trees, carrying cartridges, birds, ete.

The gardens (PI. XI.) have no walls, but are separated by hedges of palm-leaves.

Under the palms were grown many onions, very few figs and pomegranates, which

are said to be small and often to dry up before they ripen, on account of the heat ;

in the summer some Sorghum (millet), and in the winter wheat or barley are

grown. Onions and red pepper are cultivated.*

Here, as in Igosten, the Grey-headed Sparrow was numerous, nesting in the

palms, and here and there on houses. Possibly Hippolais reiseri may breed here ;

the males were singing freely, but their testicles were not yet much developed.

A female Kestrel and a Stork were observed, but both were apparently remnants

from the migration period. Of migrants many Phylloscopus trochilus, collybita and

bonelli were seen, but they became strikingly rarer on the 19th, Turtur turtur

arenicola, Jynx torquilla, Hirundo urbica and rustica, Merops apiaster, Lanius

senator, Motacilla flava cinereocapilla, Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe, Saxicola

* Henna (Lawnsonia imermis) is apparently only grown in South Tonat, in the district of the

Oued-el-Henna (Martin's Oasis Sahar, p. 308),

(18 )

(Pratincola auct.) rubetra, Muscicapa hypoleuca (atricapilla anct.), Luscinia

megarhyncha.

No butterflies were noticed, but a dragonfly was not uncommon in the

officers’ gardens. During our stay in In-Salah the nights were mostly cool; once a

heavy gale was blowing, and very few moths were noticed. Of beetles the common

Anthia sexmaculata and many Tenebrionidae were frequent, and a number of

rodents and reptiles were brought in. The water-ditches in the oasis were choke-

full of a water-plant (Chara foetida var.) and two species of water-shells, Melania

tuberculata Moller and Melanopsis dufourii Férussac, were common. A frog, a

new form of Rana esculenta, the same as in El-Golea, was very numerous ; it

had, at that time, half-grown tadpoles.

Although very little rain had fallen for a long time in the neighbourhood, the

sebcha of In-Salah still contained some water. Nearly all the water, at least all

the drinkable water, is got from the “ Foggaras.”

The palm groves are always on or near some sebcha—except where, as in

El-Oued, the roots of the palms, which are planted in holes, reach to the moist

layer under the sand, and grow without irrigation. The sebcha-water, however, is

not drinkable, and it became therefore necessary to get other water, There either

being no wholesome water, or the latter too deep, water found four to six metres

deep is tapped, and brought to where it is required by long subterranean

aqueducts, the “Foggaras.” They are often many miles long, and their way is

shown by numerous covered openings and wells. These galleries drain the water

throughout their courses, and end generally in the palm groves, which they

irrigate. Sometimes huge subterranean chambers are excavated, where numbers of

people can assemble,

The Foggaras are a cause of constant anxiety, being watched, repaired and

enlarged ; but, what is rather disquieting, the volumes of water obtained from them

have considerably diminished of late. The Arabs claim to be the originators of

this unique system of irrigation, but it is more likely that Berbers or Jews are

the inventors, as the Arab, noble and gentlemanlike as he may be, has never been

much of an inventor, and Berbers and Jews, with the help of Negroes, have been and

are now the workmen of the Sahara.

It is impossible to say how much influence the early Jewish immigration into

the West Saharan oases has had on the country. It appears, however, to be certain

that in olden times, apparently after the destruction of the Temple by Titus, Jews

poured into the Cyrenaica, and thence penetrated into the Sahara, where they

founded colonies, making the Negroes (and probably Berbers) work for them.

They seem to have even converted (in the northern Sahara) some Berbers to their

religion; but later on, in 1492—/7.e. long after the Arab immigration and the

islamisation of the Sahara—the synagogue in Tamentit (Touat) was destroyed and

nearly all the Jews were killed, unless they embraced the Mohammedan religion,

which was done by many; these latter, the islamised Jews, are the present

“ Mehadjeria.” They are still found in small numbers in Touat and Gonrara, and

even in the north in Touggourt and the Oued R’hir, but there are said to be none

in Tidikelt. (See A. G. P. Martin, Les Oasis Sahariennes, 1908.)

The principal food of the inhabitants is the date ; in the summer, when dates

become rare, wheat and barley, and in the winter millet (Sorghum) is grown. Meat is

not eaten regularly, but only on festivals. It may be imagined what a failure of the

date crop may mean, when it happens, as it has happened this year, that the dates

( 19)

fell off before they were ripe, on account of the exceptional summer heat. ‘Two

meals are eaten, one in the morning, mostly consisting of dates, one in the

evening, consisting of “ couscous” and bread.

The houses are small and dark, but in the summer they are hardly inhabited

at all, all life being spent in the open and on the flat housetops. It is said that

probably more than half the houses would tumble down if a heavy rainfall, as in

olden times, took place, and therefore the Tidikeltians hate the idea of a heavy

rain.

Of domestic animals the only one of the greatest importance and necessity is

the camel. Tidikelt camels are excellent, and especially their mehari (riding-

camels) are famous. Sheep and goats are kept, and a very few donkeys. Horses

are not reared now, and the few in the hands of French officers and Kaids have

been bronght there with great cost from the north, and do not seem to propagate.*

Fowls are kept in some numbers, but are very small, their eggs hardly larger than

pigeons’ eggs. I was surprised to notice no dogs, while in the northern desert

every household has a dog.

The question arose for us: Where to go from In-Salah—which way to return

northwards? I had hoped to make a trip into the mountains of Monidir, outlying

hills of the great zoologically unknown mountain-ranges of the Hoggar or Ahaggar,

the stronghold of the Touaregs. There would have been no difficulty from the

point of safety, but we decided not to do it. All round In-Salah everything was

dry and dead. Where Roblfs, in 1864, found everything green, and constantly

talks of ‘‘ Dhomran-forests” (a most misleading expression, as Dhomran grows

only to a height of two or three feet at the very utmost!), all around and far

eastwards of Tidikelt not a single green plant is seen at present. It is certain

(from informations of Arabs and French officers) that at present 100 kilometres south

and east of In-Salah not a green leaf exists outside the oasis, and that to the south

no pasturage to speak of can be found nearer than 150 kilometres. Mouidir itself is

very dry, and it cannot be expected that the animal life there differs appreciably

from that of the mountains near Ain Guettara, etc.

Therefore a hurried trip to Mouidir, at that time, which might have endangered

the lives of our camels, seemed to be of very little use at all. It would have

been different if we could have gone into the great Hoggar mountains ; but this

was not possible, as neither Mr. Hilgert nor I could stay away so long. Also

the journey to Timbuktu was out of the question, because from Timbuktu it

would have taken us a long time to reach Europe again, and the expenses (the

return of our men) would not have been in proportion to the undertaking.

The country south of Tidikelt, especially the Tanezrouft, is exceedingly bare and

lifeless, and at Timbuktu itself, which must be very interesting, we could not

have stayed long enough to do any proper work. We therefore decided, after

some excursions in the near neighbourhood and oases, to return to El-Golea, and

to go thence to Ghardaia. Thus we avoided the uninviting, toilsome way from

El-Golea to Ouargla, and the (in summer) very unhealthy oasis of Ouargla.

While at In-Salah we had a pleasant surprise through the return of Captain

Charlet from Rhat, on the frontier of Tripolitania. Captain Charlet had made the

journey to Rhat and back, on mehari, and was received by the kaids and people

of In-Salah, and the soldiery. In the evening Camp Bugeand was en /éte.

* Formerly horses were numerous, and their disappearance has probably two causes: the

shifting of the commerce since the French occupation, and the drought of the last twenty years,

( 20 )

There were theatricals (the sous-officiers being the actors), tombola, music, and

refreshments in the house of the Commandant, Monsicur Payn. Such a night,

in the middle of the Sahara, will never be forgotten by any one who was

present.

Besides the French officers and sous-officiers there is a white trader, or

rather a firm of three partners, in In-Salah. One of them, Monsieur Brand, is

a great traveller, having visited Air (Asben) and Kano. It was most interesting

to me to hear of Kano of to-day. When IJ was there, in 1885, few Europeans

had ever seen it, and the journey there was a dangerous undertaking ; but now a

railway goes to Kano from Lagos on the coast, and at Air is a French post!

No tropical animals occur in Tidikelt; the Hoggar Monntains, from all

informations received, are palaearctic, the plateau of Tanezronft and Afelele bare

and lifeless; therefore the tropical fauna can only begin south of the 20th

degree, near Air and the northern bend of the Niger. That Air is quite tropical

is beyond doubt. Barth described northern Air (Tidik) as rich in tropical plants,

the valley of Unin full of luxuriant vegetation, with palms and Talhas

(acacias) covered with parasites; the inhabitants kept numerous camels, horses,

donkeys, goats, and also cattle ; while ostriches, lions, and giraffes were found,

and numerous birds, herds of monkeys, and masses of butterflies were observed

near Agades (southern Air). Mr. Brand assured me that Air abounded in

brilliantly coloured and glossy birds, in lions and gazelles. Ostriches, he said, were

not found nowadays nearer than Damerghu, half-way between Air and Kano.

Touaregs, as I have said before, visit Tidikelt in the autumn and winter in

numbers. A fine Touareg, with a huge shield and spear, came on a mehari

while we were in In-Salah, but left again the same day.

On April 23 we left our hospitable friends, accompanied by some of the

officers on horseback, and went as far as Igosten, The way is over hard gravel-

soil, with a thin layer of sand recently blown over, and grotesquely shaped hills

of hardened soil as ‘ witnesses,” as the Arabs call them (chehood), of former

times; evidently the harder portions have remained as hills and heaps, while

the softer soil and sand has been blown (and perhaps partly washed) away

(PI. LX. upper photo),

In Igosten we caught some Lycaenidae (Zizera lysimon) and a Cicindela in

numbers. No other butterflies were seen, and of beetles, besides the Cicindela,

almost only Tenebrionidae. Frogs were as common as in In-Salah. Migrants were

still numerous, and we noticed three Turtur turtur arenicola, one Caprimulgus

europaeus, a number of Phylloscopus trochilus, Hirundo urbica and rustica (the

latter very numerous), Sylvia curruca, Anthus trivialis.

The next day we travelled 35 km., leaving Foggaret-es-Zoua to our right,

and camped in the barest possible spot, where no live plant was seen, thongh

dead Dhomran abounded. In the dead branches of the Dhomran (though I

doubt if all had been “ Dhomran”) a peculiar beetle was collected, and in the

evening two Pyralids came to the lamp. The night was cool, the temperature

in the early morning only 6° C.

Next day we marched to our old camp in the bed of the Oued el-Abiodh, where

“ Drin” and other grasses abounded. Chelidon rustica, Turtur turtur arenicola, a

Phylloscopus, and Phoenicurus phoenicurus were observed.

On April 27 we reached Ain Guettara again, where we camped two days.

Here we came once more across two rare birds: Ammmomanes deserti mya and

( 21 )

Oenanthe leucopyga. There were signs of slight rain having fallen during our

absence. We both went out, in various directions, for long hours, to stalk gazelles

or Barbary-sheep, but only Hilgert saw game, and shot a buck of Gazella isabella.

The 27th was a dull day, the sun not coming through before late in the afternoon,

and next morning we had some short, rain-showers, though only a few large drops

each time, not enough to moisten the surface of the ground; but towards the

evening a heavy gale set in. The long stalk was, in spite of the negative results,

very interesting. I ascended the highest peaks, and found the wildest possible

landscape to the south-west, enormous cliffs and deep gorges, and one might have

fancied oneself in a big mountain range, above the forest belt, when a thick mist

hung over the country in the early morning. The stones are so sharp that one

day’s walk may hopelessly spoil a pair of boots. The river-beds at the foot of the

cliffs on the eastern side contained Zizyphus-bushes, those on the western side

acacias. No resident Passerine birds were seen in these silent, beautiful oueds,

except the Ammomanes and rarely a pair of the O¢enanthe, but of migrants

Motacilla flava thunbergi, Muscicapa hypoleuca hypoleuca (atricapilla auct.),

Phylloscopus collybita, Chelidon rustica, and Turtur turtur (probably arenicola)

were observed.

On the following day we entered once more the interesting Southern Oued Mya

region. There were, however, now Jess flowers and verdure, as many plants had

ripe seeds and were dried up. Besides, unfortunately, nomads with goats and

camels had been there, and much of the small vegetation had been destroyed by

them. The Celerio lineata livornica as well as its caterpillars had disappeared,

and Pieridae were less numerous, though a species new to us, Pieris glauconome,

was caught, and a new Melitaea, which we at once recognised as being smaller and

paler than Jf. didyma deserticola from the northern Sahara. The first example

was seen and caught on April 30th.

What surprised us was the number of migratory birds that were still about,

such as [Hippolais pallida opaca, reiseri and polyglotta, Phylloscopus bonelli and

trochilus, Phenicurus phenicurus, Motacilla flava thunbergi, Chelidon rustica,

Riparia, Anthus, Lanius senator and others, and more about this will be said in

the ornithological chapter. The nights were as cold as two months ago, and on

May 1 we had a minimum of +-4°C., while at midday the shade temperature

rose to 33°. The following night, however, was the last cold night, and after

this the temperature never fell below 12° to 15°.

In the Oued Mya region the Barbary-sheep is common. We saw many traces,

and succeeded in shooting a good adult male, not far from Tilmas Djilrhempt.

On May 7 we reached Fort Miribel, passing over the barest stony stretches

imaginable. Terrible and bad for the camels’ feet as the hammada may be, there

is, after all, sometimes a little vegetation in certain deep ravines off the caravan

routes. I have no doubt that even the worst hammada would bring forth a bit

of verdure here and there if mild rains existed; but rain is exceedingly scarce, and

when it comes it falls in torrents and for a short time, so that the water rushes

over the rocks down to the river-beds in an incredibly short time.

We were disappointed with our results on the lamps. Besides a few species

of Pyrals which occurred in great numbers, we caught rather few Macrolepidoptera,

and a good many of those were much worn, Beetles were, however, much more

numerous than a month ago.

Rather disquieting was the great number of the poisonous Horned Viper,

( 22

Cerastes cornutus, which at that time seemed to live entirely on birds—viz.

Motacilla flava thunbergi and Phylloscopi.

On May 12 we camped again in the pretty valley of Okseibat, near El-Golea,

Here, as elsewhere, we were struck with the great number of migrants. We still

observed: Caprimulgus ruficollis desertorum, Sylria hortensis hortensis (orphea

auct.!), Hippolais polyglotta, Muscicapa striata, Saxicola (Pratincola auct.) rubetra,

Phylloscopus, Oriolus oriolus, Chelidon rustica, Hirundo urbica, Riparia riparia,

and Motacilla flava thunbergi. All these birds were undoubtedly still on migration.

Ina bush of Nitraria tridentata we found a nest with young of Passer simplex.

On May 14 we entered once more the little Paradise of El-Golea, and took up

our old quarters in the house of our friend Lieut. Maire-Sébille. The gardens were

full of apricots and mulberries, and a few figs (rather dry) and peaches were also

ripe. Needless to say, we enjoyed them more than was good for us, and still more,

perhaps, the lovely swimming-bath under the fruit-laden trees in the officers’

gardens.

The gardens were still full of birds of passage. The Scops-owls had left,

though a single pair or two had remained, evidently to breed. Turtledoves,

Flycatchers, Whinchats, [ippolais opaca, Sylvia hortensis (orphea anct.), Lanius

collurio and senator, Orioles, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Sylvia communis (cinerea

auct.), Sylvia borin, all three Swallows, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Muscicapa collaris,

Motacilla flava thunbergi, Caprimulgqus ruficollis desertorum, C. europaeus meridio-

nalis, Tringa (Totanus anct.) hypoleuca, stagnatilis, ocrophus, Ardetta minuta,

Nycticorax nycticorax, Glareola pratincola, Hydrochelidon leucoptera, Acrocephalus

schoenobaenus. All these birds were certainly on migration, but the following

species might have been breeding :

Agrobates galactotes—not rare, lustily singing, but no nest found ; //ippolais

reiseri—behaved as if they were at home, and as they certainly breed in Tonggourt

might have been breeding here as well; Fulica atra—seen on the lake, according

to the officers staying all the year round; Cireus aeruginosus—a pair seen on

the lake; Acrocephalus streperus—common in the reeds ; undoubtedly too early

for eggs, testicles and ovaries not very much developed ; possibly breeding, but

we are inclined to doubt whether any of these birds nest at Hl-Golea, except

Fulica atra—and of that we have no proof. Even in the case of Agrobates and

FHippolais reser? it is doubtful, and in spite of all our searching we never saw

an old nest, except of Sparrows, which are exceedingly numerons.

On May 18 we left El-Golea for Ghardaia, accompanied for some distance

by our kind host and the garrison doctor. It was hot, the thermometer showing

a maximum of at least 45° in the shade. We camped in a sandy plain, with

stones and patches of bare rock, the vegetation being fairly rich and of the

type peculiar to the sandy districts, but without bushes. The “ Muka” (Alaemon

alaudipes) was common, and we found a nest with two fresh eggs. On the

following day we marched to the well-kept Bordj of El-Khona, where we had a

great pleasure. Under the roof nested a pair of Passer simplex saharae, and we

took from the nest five almost fresh eggs. Here began Euphorbia guyoniuna, and

on the first plants seen were caterpillars of Celerio euphorbiae deserticola.

Some twenty kilometres after El-Golea the country began to look pleasanter ;

smooth, almost glossy white rocky ground was covered with sand, generally thinly,

but sometimes as thick as four metres, and Graminaceae as well as Retama raetam

abounded, In places the country reminded me of the “Hauts Plateaux,” though

( 28 )

Halfa was of cdarse absent. Traces of Bustards and Fennecs were seen, but we

searched for them in vain. It seems to me that the original inhabitants of the

hammada have been driven away by the sand, while the real fauna of the “ Ere”

(sand-dunes) has not yet settled here, and that this is the reason for the scarcity of

life in this, apparently, charming district. According to our guide, Abd-el-Kader,

there was hardly any sand here some eleven years ago, and the state of the tele-

graph, which connects Ghardaia with El Golea, where it ends (some posts being

buried in sand almost to the top, so that in one place the wire was enveloped), and

the obvious recent alteration of the road in some places, speak for Abd-el-Kader’s

statement, who was several times at his wit’s end and did not know where to go ;

but there was, of course, no possibility of losing our way long, as there was

generally a visible road with kilometre stones and we had the telegraph to go by.

The latter is a fine piece of engineering, the wire sometimes being spanned over

valleys, hanging in the air in great bends, I believe sometimes 300 to 400

metres in one line.

Passer simplex saharae is not rare, and it mostly nests in the “ Giniras” (7.e.

stone-heaps like little pyramids, erected as landmarks by which to find the wity),

though in other places it nests in bushes. We had to cross some high dunes, but

all had a base of solid rock. Here and there high cliffs were passed, and Buteo

ferox cirtensis as well as Falco biarmicus erlangeri had nests with young on these

rocks.

Almost all the way to Ghardaia well-built Bordjs are found every 25 to 30 kilo-

metres—well kept, clean, and new. They are a great comfort in the winter and

when a sandstorm blows, and in most of them simple Arab food can be obtained from

the keeper ; in the summer, however, they become so hot that one generally prefers

to sleep outside, as the walls, on which the sun has been shining for more than

twelve hours, emit such a heat that one cannot sleep, while the air outside is lovely,

and gnats do not exist. Good water is found in most, though not all, of these

stations.

On May 22, between Hassi Zirara and Oued Saadana, Sylra deserti was

found in full song, and a nest with eggs, covered with sand, was found. Ocnanthe

(Saxicola) lugens halophila, our old friend from the northern desert, appeared

again; Mrythrospiza githaginea, Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor, and A. deserts

algeriensis occurred ; Alaemon alaudipes was not rare.

Vegetation in most places was rich and interesting, but now and then stretches

of bare hammada were crossed and quite bare valleys with fine mealy sand, where

marching was very toilsome. We had now unbroken sunshine from morning till

evening, but we did not find it too hot in the open, while during the last two days

in El-Golea, and the first days after that place, the sky was overcast and the air

close and very unpleasant.

Before Oued Saadana Gazella leptoceros lodert was frequently seen; Passer

simplex saharae had nests in most of the “Gmiras.” Between Oued Saadana

and Bl-Hadadra oueds with much vegetation and large Zizyphus bushes occur,

and in the latter Lanins excubitor elegans reappeared, Vegetation became still

richer: in crevices in the rocks grew Capparis spinosa, var. ovata, with its

fragrant flowers, and /aemia cordata; coloquints were common on the sand

and now had numerous yellow blossoms ; and close to El-Hadadra a large and

very thick bush, which we had never seen before, appeared in great numbers :

Periploea laevigata, which reaches here probably its southernmost limit,

(24)

Butterflies became numerous in suitable river-beds: Melitaea didyma harterti,

Utetheisa pulchella (a moth), and Tarucus theophrastus were common on the spiny

bushes of the Zizyphus, which were now covered with their yellow, sticky little

flowers, and a “ White” (Pieris daplidice albidice) was quite plentiful. On the

24th we caught 70 butterflies, all of four species: the Pieris, Tarucus, Melitaea,

and Papilio machaon hospitonides.

Migratory birds were still about: on May 24th Chelidon rustica, Muscicapa

striata, and two yellow Wagtails were seen. One after the other of the birds

inhabiting the northern Sahara turned up again: Crateropus fuleous Sulcus and

Cursorius, north of El-Hadadra, on the 24th ; Galerida theklae carolinae, Caccabis

petrosa spatzi, between Oued el-Abiodh and Bordj Gaa, on the 25th; Columba livia

and Circaetus gallicus, near Sebseb, on the 26th; Turtur senegalensis aegyptiacus,

at Metlili, on the 27th.

On Whit Sunday (26th) we camped in the Bordj of Sebseb, a small oasis,

founded by Chaamba about a generation ago. Of migrants, Chelidon rustica,

Muscicapa striata, Sylvia communis, Lanius senator, and Motacilla flava thunbergi

were observed, Sylvia nana deserti was common, and sang lustily in the bushes

on the sand-dunes near by, but no nest could be found.

On the 27th we passed the extensive and rich oasis of Metlili, and camped in

an oned 244 km. from Ghardaia. Round the camp dead /elix candidissima were

found. Metlili was originally founded by the Beni Mzab, but it is now chiefly

inhabited by Chaamba. Here and in Sebseb the wells are built and worked as

in Ghardaia, and there are as many old dry wells as new ones in use. On the 28th

we entered Ghardaia, coming over a rather bare stony plateau. Wonderful is the

view of Beni Isguen and the whole Mzab valley from those heights.

We stopped in Ghardaia until June 2. In the little hotel—very good, except

for certain sanitary arrangements—it was sometimes quite gay, A Dutch painter

was staying there, Professor Surcouf from the Paris Museum with his wife

and a friend came for a couple of days by automobile, and another auto visited

the place. Nearly every day a diligence left for Laghonat ; we received and

wrote letters,

Of birds we observed: One single Milvus horschun, one single Neophron,

Faleo tinnunculus, with eggs and young, in the ruins of the old Berber fortress

above the slaughterhouses, Turtur senegalensis aegyptiacus, and Turtur turtur

arenicola in plenty; a few Corvus corax umbrinus, Lanius excubitor elegans,

Crateropus, Grey-headed Sparrows, Ammomanes deserti algeriensis, Oenanthe (Saxri-

cola) leucopyga, Emberiza striolata sahari, Athene, all undoubtedly nesting. Koenig's

statement of the (common) occurrence of Goldfinches must be erroneous ; anyhow,

it is not found at Ghardaia at the nesting season.

Of butterflies Teracolus nouna was common, but many were already much

worn; Papilio machaon hospitonides, Pieris daplidice albidice, Tarucus, and

Melituea were caught, but we searched in vain for Luchlod.

On June 2 we left Ghardaia, marching on the route of Professor Koenig, of

1893, towards Touggourt.

Ghardaia had been very hot, and we quite enjoyed the first night in camp,

26 km. east of Ghardaia, with a minimum of 16° 0. We had a few large

drops of rain in the evening, and saw lightning over Ghardaia, where we had

had very little sun—a rather unusual thing at that time of the year, when the

sunshine is mostly unbroken throughout the day.

( 25 )

On the march we saw Evremophila (Otocorys auct.) bilopha, both the common

Ammomanes, Caccabis petrosa spatzi, one Gyps fulcus, and a solitary Swallow.

On the 3rd we reached the Hassi Rebib, on the Oued Nea. The valley of that

river is very beautiful, full of Zizyphus, Retam, and gigantic Terebinth-trees,

Pistacia atlantica, the “ Betoum” of the Arabs, At Hassi Rebib is a cistern

and a well, nearly a hundred metres deep, with drinkable water. A rich ornis is

found here, as described by Koenig nearly twenty years ago. (ralerida theklae

carolinae, Cursorius, Caccabis, Merops persicus chrysocercus, aud apiaster, Agrobates

galactotes, Crateropus and Lanius were common ; Corvus corax umbrinus, Falco

biarmicus erlangeri, Circaetus gallicus, Caprimulgus aegyptius saharae, Otus scops

scops, and Athene were shot. The commonest bird was certainly the Crateropus.

Hares were quite common in the river-bed.

Here, on June 4 and 5, and at Guerrara on the 6th, migrants were still

observed in some numbers, and for the last time; the reason for this, however,

may be the eminently suitable place—viz. a fertile plain with water, trees, and

many insects, and very few enemies. It is, therefore, by no means probable that

June 5 and 6 were the last days when migrants stayed here; on the contrary,

I believe that some of them lingered here still longer, and most likely some of

them did not breed this year and stayed behind in Africa altogether. The following

undoubted migrants were observed : Muscicapa striata several times ; Phoenicurus

phoenicurus, a single female, probably not quite fit; Lanius senator, a single

male; Motacilla flava thunbergi, a single female, quite tame ; Hirundo urbica

and Chelidon rustica, several of each round the wells. In Guerrara, on the 6th,

Swallows, Martins, and the northern Yellow Wagtail (Jf f. thunbergi) were

noticed. :

We saw no butterflies except the Twrucus theophrastus, and, though we

caught a fair number on our lamp, we were rather disappointed in the Heterocera.

Small beetles came in masses to the light.

The smaller vegetation was mostly “ passée,” hardly any small flowers being

found, though Pistacia, Retama and Zizyphus were in bloom. Probably the

Oued Nea would be a remarkable place for moths a little earlier in the year,

and again in the autumn, supposing the year to be a normal one.

On the 6th we travelled as far as Guerrara, the last M’zabite town, all of

which we had now seen. We got fairly comfortable quarters at a house belonging

to the Kaid, though they were not free from Pediculus vestimenti. In the evening

we were invited by the Khalifa of Guerrara, who entertained us in the absence

of the Kaid. We ate the best Arab dinner I have ever tasted—soup, “ couscous,”

vegetables, sweets—and I enjoyed very much the company of the noble-looking,

courteous, and tactful Khalifa and the “instituteur” (schoolmaster), a typical

M’zabite, but highly educated, talking very good French, and being full of

advanced and tolerant views.

Guerrara is a very picturesque town on a hill, surrounded by a wall, and

with extensive palm groves. West of it is a large sebcha, which was now quite

dry. The inhabitants are mostly Beni Mzab. The water is not very good. I

found the gardens rather uninteresting—mostly nothing but palms, some pome-

granates and figs, very few vines. here were in the gardeus—doubtless all

nesting—Turtur turtur arenicola, Turtur senegalensis aegyptivcus, Upupa epops,

Kestrels, Grey-headed Sparrows, Lanius excubitor elegans. Over the town, in the

evening, two Swifts were seen, and on a house Oenanthe leucopyga.

( 26 )

Next morning Apus murinus brehmorum was shot among the rocks east of

the town, where they nested, together with Oenanthe leucopyga. We travelled

to the well of Sidi-Mahmond, which, however, has very bad, brackish water,

hardly drinkable, and better avoided. On a sort of platean, near some stony

hills, where the soil was sandy but covered with many flat stones, Hremophila

(Otocorys) bilopha and Rhamphocorys clot-bey were encountered, and we were

able to collect: young in first plumage of both.

On the 8th we reached the great sand-plain of El-Arich, where we camped in

a lovely place, without water. It is all sand (but no dunes), with large bushes of

Retama raetam, Drin (Aristida pungens), Dhomran (Traganum nudatum), and many

other plants. This place is a real El-Dorado for an ornithologist, Sylvia nana

deserti, Scotocerca inquieta saharae, Alaemon alaudipes, Ammomanes phoenicurus

arenicolor, Galerida theklae deichleri, Caprimulqus aegyptius saharae, Cursorius

being common. Unfortunately, however, it was too late for us: they all had

young, and the old birds had such a worn plumage that they were of little use for

comparison. We found many nests of Sylvia nana deserti, bat all empty, the

young flown out, or with naked young ; in one nest, however, two addled eggs

were found with two young birds. The number of eggs is three to four.

A rare lizard, Agama tournevillei, was common, and replaced the ordinary

Agama inermis of the hammada. A large Buprestid beetle, Julodis deserticola,

was common on the Retam, and so were cases with nearly full-grown cater-

pillars of Amycto murina mauretanica. Under the circumstances we did not stay

more than a night, and proceeded to El-Alia, a little oasis among low sand-

dunes, at the foot of some stony hills. It reminded us a good deal of El-Oned,

with its palm groves and village, half buried in the sand, but some large, fine

buildings were visible in the distance, the seat of a rich “ Marabu,” the successor

of the hundred-year-old Marabu who died some fifteen years ago. A hot and

strong south wind was blowing, and we had an anxious night, our tent hardly ~

withstanding the force of the gale. Apus murinus brehmorum and Passer simplex

saharae were observed.

The palms are here grown in a peculiar manner, being planted each in its own

deep hole, so as to reach down to moist soil.

In the morning the Marabu sent us coffee, milk, and little cakes, with kind

wishes for the journey. After crossing some dunes we came into a long and

uninteresting sebcha, then again into sand with enormous bushes of Limoniastrum ;

and here, in the middle of sand and nothing but sand, Ammomanes phoenicurus

arenicolor, which is generally a bird of the hammada if not too barren, was common,

side by side with Galerida thehklae deichleri and Caprimulqus aegyptius saharae.

We camped at a well called “Hassi Dinar,” with a small quantity of very bad,

brackish water, and had another night of sirocco, the sand, of course, blowing

thickly through the air.

On the 11th we reached Bledet-Ahmar, but we came from the west and did

not see our former camping-place. We occupied some forsaken buildings on top

of a hill, said to be the property of a Sheikh. Near the village was still a large

sheet of water where Charadrius alexandrinus were common, old with full-grown

young.

On the 12th we entered Touggourt, passing through slippery sebcha and

through the town of Temacin, where we saw, for the first time since leaving

Ouargla, Red-headed Sparrows,

(27)

In Tonggourt we stopped only two days. We found that nobody wanted

camels, so we left them in charge of Monsieur Henry Chazelles, to be sold in

December, and we took the diligence to Biskra, sending the caravan on in charge

of the trustworthy Ahmed-ben-Naili.

While at Touggourt it struck me as remarkable that there were hardly more

flies than four months ago, and certainly much fewer than in April 1909, when we

were told, that what we saw was nothing compared with the plague of flies in

autumn. We were now informed that the flies diminish greatly in the summer,

but only to come out in renewed force in September and October. This seems to be

a parallel case to that of the irritating sand-flies, Leptoconops hert’sxi, which were

a serious plague in Ourir in February, while not a single one was noticed there in

June. Flies are, of course, numerous in the Sahara, to such an extent that in many

oases, at certain times, one cannot live in peace during the daytime, except in

perfectly darkened rooms. They are, naturally, most plentiful in the oases, but

there are also plenty near wells and old resting-places, and they travel with the

caravans in great swarms, many perishing and being blown away by the wind on

the march, until new ones are picked up in another oasis.

While I was occupied with paying off most of our men, and other business

matters, I sent Hilgert to explore the oasis, and he observed the following birds

breeding among the palms, and no others: Turtur turtur arenicola, Turtur

senegalensis aegyptius, Falco tinnunculus, Lanius excubitor elegans, Hippolais

reiseri, Sparrows, and, on houses, Chelidon rustica in small numbers.

The diligence took us to Mraier, where we stayed most of the day, observing

in the oasis both species of Turtledoves, Hippolais reiseri, and Sparrows.

During the second night we drove to Biskra, seeing a number of Caprimulgus

aegyptius in the dusk and early morning. It began to dawn when we changed

horses, for the last time, at Bordj Saada, and the most glorious sunrise ever seen—

the sun coming up over the Djebel Amarkhaddou in the east and colouring with

ever-changing tints the sky and the range of the Djebel bou-Ghezal in the west—

ushered us into dear old Biskra, where we found comfortable quarters in the

“ Hotel des Zibans,” most of the other hotels being closed in June.

We took pains to find out which birds actually remained to breed in Biskra,

and for this purpose we made several excursions into the oasis and gardens,

as formerly we had never stayed late enough to be quite sure. We found the

following species only nesting in Biskra: both species of Turtledoves ; Kestrels ;

Otus scops, and (on the river-banks) Athene noctua saharae ; Apus murinus

brehmorum—sometimes seen in great numbers, though we did not find a breeding-

place; Sparrows in very great numbers; Carduelis carduclis africana fairly

‘ommon, but not in very great numbers ; Zurdus merula mauretanicus ; Parus

caeruleus ultramarinus, not rare; [Hippolais reiser, by no means rare. Serdnus

was absent, though we saw it commonly in winter. It is evidently only a winter

yisitor, and breeds farther north.

On the 20th we bade adieu to Biskra, on the next morning arrived in Alger,

and on June 27 I reached Old England and Tring, my home.

AHI

MAMMALS.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tus collection was made by Dr. Hartert and Mr. Hilgert during an expedition

southwards to Tidikelt, in the centre of the Western Sahara, a region hitherto

entirely uncollected, at least so far as Mammals are concerned. Considering the

difficulties of the country and the fact that Birds and Insects were their chief

object, the collection of mammals is of remarkable extent, and gives a good idea

of the Fauna of the country.

This proves, however, to be disappointingly similar to that of the Northern

Sahara, only one mammal, the Gundi, being distinct enough to need description

as new. ‘The others are all known desert animals, some described by Lataste from

the region between Biskra and Ghardaia, and others wide-ranging forms extending

even into Egypt.

No sign of av admixture of Ethiopian forms occurs in the collection, the

animals being all typical N. African species, only differing—when they differ at all

—from their Algerian relatives by their greater adaptation to a desert life—this

adaptation being generally in paler colour and larger ears.

Mention has here also been made of a few species collected in former years by

the Hon. Walter Rothschild and Dr. Hartert in Algeria.

Mr. Rothschild has been good enough to present to the National Museum

most of the animals collected, and these form a most valuable accession to the

Museum, which had not previously possessed any mammals from the Sahara south

of Biskra,

1. Asellia tridens Geoff.

3 41, 2 42; El-Golea. (Also some in spirits.)

Paler than ordinary Egyptian specimens of A. tridens, but equalled in this

respect, by a few exceptional individuals from that country.

[Many hundreds of this bat were found in one of the semi-subterranean for-

saken houses among the ruins of the ancient Zenata fortress on the hill above El-

Golea. This was the only place where we met with the species.—H. H. |

2. Plecotus christiei (ray.

? 22; Oumash, near Biskra. (W. Rothschild and E. Hartert.)

Agrees with Egyptian specimens in the size of the bullae, which are far larger

than in the European P. auritus.

3. Pipistrellus kuhli Kuhl.

34; El-Golea.

6 45, 46, 47; 50 km. south of Ghardaia,

Specimens of this common bat were also obtained at El-Kantara and Biskra.

[These Bats sleep in houses, and begin to fly about fairly early. We found

them very common at El-Kantara and Biskra as well as in #l-Golea, also in the

Bord] of the little oasis of Sebseb, 5U km. south of Ghardaia.—E. H.]

(29 )

4, Myotis oxygnathus Monticelli.

37,28; Djebel Taya, N. Algeria. February 1911. (Also some in spirits.)

(W. Rothschild and E. Hartert.)

It is probable that all specimens from N. Africa hitherto referred to M. myotis

(Vespertilio murinus of Dobson and earlier authors) are really referable to the

smaller species described from 8. Italy by Monticelli,

[This Bat inhabits a side-chamber of the great cave on Mount Taya, east of

Constantine. This is the Bat mentioned by Kobelt, Reiseerinnerungen aus Algerien

und Tunis, p. 285, which Herr you Berlepsch “had recognised as a new species,

but not yet—in 1885—described.” Doubtless this was an erroneous statement, for

“ Herr von Berlepsch” (¢.e. Freiherr Hans von Berlepsch, who was at that time

staying at Hammam Meskontine), had no knowledge of Bats, and conld never have

intended to describe it.—H. H. |

5. Fennecus zerda Zimm.

25; 27 km. south of El-Golea.

Agrees closely with a specimen from the Natron Valley, N. Egypt, except that

the bullae are smaller. Another specimen from Algeria in the Musenm collection,

however, has the same large bullae as Egyptian examples, so that this character

would seem to be variable.

[The Fennec is entirely restricted to the sandy desert, and especially to the

dunes, where they are not entirely without vegetation. It does uot seem to occur

near Biskra, or anywhere north of Touggourt. We have seen the traces as far

south as the Ere between Hassi Meksa and Oued Saret. Near In-Salah it does

not seem to exist, although there is plenty of sand. It seems to be fond of

beetles.—E. H.]

6. Gerbillus pyramidum F. Cuy.

? 14; Igosten, near In-Salah.

3 19, 21, 2 20, 22, 23, 28, 29; In Salah.

Very much like the brighter coloured of the Egyptian specimens in the Museum,

but not so bright as those from Tripoli which formed the basis of my G. pyramidium

tarabuli.

[These little beasts were brought in in numbers by boys, who obtained them

in the “ gardens,” or better palm-groves of the oasis.—K. H. ]

7, Gerbillus gerbillus Oliv.

% 6; 27 km, south of El-Golea.

3 16; In-Salah.

3 32, ? 31; Oued el-Abiodh, near In-Salah.

3 38; 30 km. south of Fort Miribel.

Quite like typical Egyptian G. gerbillus.

8. Dipodillus campestris roszikae Thos.

3 15, 16, 24; Chetma, near Biskra. (W. Rothschild and E, Hartert.)

3 3, % 43; El-Golea.

3 8,9; Fort Miribel, 138 km. south of El-Golea.

3 15; Igosten, near In-Salah.

3 17, 18, $ 24, 25, 26, 27; In-Salah.

( 30 )

The specimens of this group from the Algerian Sahara are less vividly buffy

than those from Tripoli which I named D. dodsoni, but I think that they will be

fonnd to grade into each other. The majority are also smaller than D. dodsoni,

but No. 8 from Fort Miribel is as large as most Tripolitan specimens.

[This form was first described from specimens brought in by Arabs at Biskra

in 1908, where at that time Mr. W. Rothschild, myself, and Mr. Steinbach

collected mammals, chiefly for the sake of fleas, for the Hon. N. Charles Roth-

schild.—E. H.]

9. Dipodillus garamantis Lat.

313; Chetma, near Biskra. (W. Rothschild and E. Hartert.)

3 37; 60 km. south of Fort Miribel.

Type locality, Ouargla.

10. Meriones schousboei Loche.

2; half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea,

3 34 (young); 50 km. north of Ain Guettara.

[The Arabs called it “ farr” or “ djerd.”—E. H.]

11. Psammomys algiricus Thos.

28-29; Tilrhempt, between Laghonat and Ghardaia. (W. Rothschild and

Ki. Hartert, 1911).

[This species is very common near Biskra, where the Arabs call it “ djerd.”

—T. H.]

12. Jaculus jaculus L.

(a) 251; plateau 46 km. east of Ghardaia.

(6) % 30; Oued el-Abiodh, north of In-Salah.

? 40; 85 km. south of El-Golea,

9 44; 160 km. south of Ghardaia.

The three southern specimens (4) differ from a, and from examples from

Biskra—with which the latter agrees—in their paler and more yellowish colour,

and by the presence of a distinct whitish ring round the tail proximal to the broad

black subterminal band. They agree, however, in both respects so closely with

examples from Cairo, the type locality of J. jaculus, that it would not be advisable

to distinguish them. Whether Loche’s Dipus deserti from Onargla is « or 4 does

not appear from his description, and ean only be settled by the examination of

topoty pes.

13. Massoutiera mzabi Lataste.

3 48, 2? 49-50; Ghardaia.

This striking form of Gundi, discovered by Lataste in 1881, was not repre-

sented at all in the British Museum collection until the beginning of this year,

when Mr. F. R. Ratcliff presented a skin with a broken skull. The specimens

with perfect skulls now obtained by Dr. Hartert at the typical locality are

therefore of much general interest, besides having been of particular valte in

the working out of the Oued Mya species next following.

They are entirely confirmatory, if confirmation be needed, of the generic

distinctness of Massoutiera from Ctenodactylus, the ordinary Gundi of Algeria.

In colour and general external appearance the two are remarkably alike, the

(31)

smaller hands and longer tail of Massoutiera being the most obvious distinctions ;

but the different shape of the feet, as described by Lataste, affords ample reason

for considering Massoutiera as distinct from Ctenodactylus.

Felovia again, founded by Lataste * as a subgenus of Massoutiera to contain

his J/. eae, I should consider sufficiently distinct from either Muassoutiera or

Ctenodactylus to stand as a separate genus. Besides its grooved incisors it is

distinguished by yet another shape of the molar teeth, its skull is peculiarly flat,

and its bullae are even smaller than those of Ctenodactyius gundi, the bullae

being immensely swollen in Ct. vali, Massoutiera mzabi, and the new species of

Massouticra now to be described.

[In habits “ Massoutiera” does not differ from Ctenodactylus gundi. They

inhabit rocks with caves and hollows, and are fond of running along ledges and

under overhanging cliffs. They come out in the full sunshine, but one sees most

of them in the morning and towards evening. We found them generally fairly

shy, and they often have the habit of stopping motionless on a rock, and then

they are almost invisible, having the same colour as the rocks. One hears some-

times a short squeak, and an apparently excited or angry clicking sound. The

tail is frequently jerked up and down, and they frequently sit up like a hamster,

holding food between their fore-feet, when eating.

We found Massoutiera mzabi only in the Mzab country, in the neighbourhood

of Ghardaia, and saw it once abont 50 km. south of the latter town. The

Arabs call it “ gundi,” and do not distinguish between it and Ctenodactylus gundi.

The latter is common on the rocks near Biskra and El-Kantara, and we saw young

ones of various sizes in April.—H. H.]

14. Massoutiera harterti sp. n.

3 13, $12; Oued Mya, south of Fort Miribel, about 28° 30’ N., 3° E. Alt

400 m.

Like M/. mzabi, but with larger bullae.

External characters as in 1/. mzabi, the pelage equally fine and silky, and the

colour of the same pinkish buff. ‘ail-hairs longer, though this may be an

accidental condition, and the tail itself longer according to the collector’s

measurements,

Skull very similar to that of If mzadi, but the bullae distinctly larger, the

size of the bullae being a characteristic feature of the different species of the

group. In the new form the greatest breadth on the bullae is slightly greater

than the zygomatic breadth, slightly less in IJ. mzabi; the inflation of the bullae

is greater throughout, and their lineal diameter longer (see measurements below).

Incisors smooth, without any trace of the groove present in Fedovia. Molars quite

as in MM. meabi.

Dimensions of the type, measured in the flesh :—

Head and body 230 mm.; tail “47” (?37, the other specimen 38); hind

foot. 37; ear 18,

Skull, greatest median length 48°5, greatest diagonal length 51, condylo-

incisive length 43:2; zygomatic breadth 30; length of nasals 17:8, interorbital

breadth 13; greatest breadth on bullae 31°5; interparietal 8-7 x 11:5; palatilar

length 37°8, palatal foramina 7-6; upper molar series (crowns) 8°7; bulla, greatest

* Le Nat, iii, p. 287, 1886,

( 32 )

diagonal horizontal diameter, as seen from above, 184; ditto below 198;

height 17°8.

Hab. As above.

Type: Adult female. B.M. No. 12.11, 14.57. Original number 12. Collected

April 8, 1912.

Although the differences between this animal and J. mzabi are not very great,

they are of importance because of the complete geographical isolation of the two

forms. Gundis are inhabitants of rocky ground only, and, unlike Jerboas, Gerbils,

and other desert animals, they are unable to pass the barriers presented by the

rolling sand-dunes and stoneless areas of the Sahara. The rocky area of the Oned

Mya inhabited by I. /arterti is about 300 miles south of Ghardaia, where MV. mazabi

occurs, and intergrading specimens are therefore not likely to be found.

With regard to the sizes of the bullae, so important among the Gundis, 1

may note the following dimensions as oceurring in the different forms ; the

measurement given being the greatest diagonal horizontal diameter as viewed

from above :—

Felovia vae . 3 ' ‘ i : - 2mm,

Ctenodactylus gundi ‘ ; “ Beeb iss

% cali 4 , ‘ ; Lae ee

Massoutiera mzabi ‘ y ; : ei 5

m harterti : : 1345,

[It was only in the Southern Oued Mya region, and the wild rocks of Ain

Gnettara, that we saw this animal, and besides the two examined by Mr. O, Thomas

we shot one at Ain Guettara, which was put into spirits —E. H.]

15, Lepus kabylicus de Winton.

$3; Hammam Meskoutine, east of Constantine. (W. Rothschild and BE.

Hartert.)

The comparatively dark hare of the northern zone of Algeria.

[This is probably the common hare of the whole “Tell.” It was not at all

rare near Hammam Meskontine, but as we were there during the close time we

could not very well go out for hare-shooting.—E. H.]

16. Lepus pallidior B.-Ham.

3 23; 20 km. north-east of Biskra. (W. Rothschild and E. Hartert.)

91; Kef-el-Dor, Algerian Sahara. (EH. Hartert and C. Hilgert.)

The series of hares obtained in Algeria illustrates the gradual modification

of the species as the country becomes more and more desert southwards, The

hare of the “Tell,” or northern fertile region, L. Aabylicus, is comparatively dark,

then follows the present paler and more greyish species in the Biskra region, to

be succeeded farther south by the pinkish buff L. whitakeri of the Sahara. Widely

different as they look from each other, all would appear to be modifications of one

animal, as no essential differences in skull or teeth are to be found.

17. Lepus whitakeri Thos.

3 53, 2 52; Oned Nea, east of Ghardaia.

3 7 (young); near Hassi Marroket, 40 km. south of El-Golea.

? 10; Sidi-Djilali-Lakhdar (Oued Mya), 180 km. sonth of El-Golea,

311, ? 36; Oued Mya, north of Ain Guettara.

( 33 )

There is some temptation to think the more southern specimens 10, 11, and

36 different from those from Oued Nea, their ears being a little longer and their

colouring more orange. But a comparison with them of the original skins from

Tripoli renders it evident that they cannot be satisfactorily divided on the material

at present available. For the Tripoli specimens have the ears of more or less

intermediate length, their general colour is more like that of the Oued Nea

specimens, while in the detailed colour of the hair-rings (always a doubtful

character to use) they more resemble the Oued Mya skins.

The whole series agree in the practical absence of cement from the incisive

grooves, by which character they are distinguishable from the otherwise similar

L. isabellinus Cretzschm. of Egypt.

[These very fine reddish sand-coloured hares with their enormous ears were not

rare in the Oued Mya and its tributaries, and quite numerous in the wide, ancient

river-bed of the Oued Nea, between Ghardaia and Guerrara. It was, however, not

very easy to shoot hares in the Oued Mya, as they seemed to rest, in the daytime,

more among the rocks and stones bordering the river-bed, where one could not

easily walk noiselessly, and they were quite shy; during the night-time they came

to the Oued, and pulled down the branches of the Retam (Retama raetam), of which

they seemed to be rather fond. In the Oued Nga hares were so frequent that one

often cume across them, and could shoot them without difficulty,—E. H. ]

IIL.

NOTES ON RUMINANTS AND OTHER LARGE MAMMALS,

By ERNST HARTERT.

1. Gazella cuvieri Og. —This Gazelle, the “Edmi” of the Algerian Arabs, is

common enough in the southern ranges of the Atlas, especially in the more or

less bare rocks near Hl-Kantara, and it never leaves the mountains or their close

neighbourhood. It appears to be generally found in the same districts as the

Barbary Sheep, but to be absent from the real Sahara, and we never saw or heard

of it south of Biskra, Edmi are shy and somewhat difficult to shoot, but can

often be approached under cover. (Edmi seems to be a Berber word ?)

2, Gazella leptoceros loderi Thos.—The “ Reem” (Rim) of the Arabs, or

“ White Gazelle,” is essentially a desert animal, being entirely restricted to the

Erg or rolling sand-dunes. It is found in the Erg between Biskra and Hl-Oued,

and is common in the Great Western Erg between Ouargla and Rhadames. We

found it also among the dunes south of El-Golea, and between El-Golea and

Ghardaia. It is probably found in every Erg of any great extent. Owing to

the hilly nature of the dunes and the noiseless walking on the sand, the Reem is

easily stalked, and generally killed with shot by the Arabs, who have no idea ot

sportsmanlike shooting: they often catch the young (with or without the help

of dogs), then make it squeak, and kill the mother when coming to the help of her

young. In this way, and by waiting patiently for days and nights in ambush,

these and other Gazelles are decimated, and they will soon be rare or disappear

from all the more or less frequented districts of the northern. Sahara.

( 34 )

There can be no doubt that G. doderi is the same species as G. leptoceros,

but it is probably a slightly different geographical race, and I have therefore

called it here G. leptoceros loderi.

3. Gazella dorcas (L.) (or subspecies ?)—A Gazelle inhabits the plains

immediately south of the sonthern Atlas (Aurés mountains), also the great plains

between Laghouat and Ghardaia, and extends, apparently, into the Chott region.

This Gazelle has always been called G. dorcas, and no doubt it belongs to the

same species as the animal now called G. dorcas in the Nile districts; whether

it will be found to differ slightly, and form a geographical race, cannot at

present be settled, as sufficient material is not available to decide about this

question.

Mr. Alfred HB. Pease (Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1896) thinks that G. dorcas

is confined to a belt of 120 or 150 miles wide, south of the Aurés mountains, and

that in the more southern Sahara it is replaced by the Reem; the latter, however,

a totally different species, is restricted to the sand-dunes, and never oceurs in the

hammada or clayey desert. Gazelles with curved horns, however, are found far

down into the desert, and probably farther south than any Reem, in the hammada

and mountains. ‘hese Gazelles are very much like G. dorcas, but the specimens

I brought home appear to be :

4, Gazella isabella Gray—We shot a middle-aged, not very old male near

Ain Guettara, on the southern escarpment of the platean of Tademait. Its length,

without tail, was 88, the tail 13, height at shonlders 57, at rump 65 cm. An

old female with very long horns was obtained in the bed of the Oued Saret. We

measured its length as 88, tail 14, height at shoulders 55, at ramp 62 ecm,

These specimens are rather brighter, more reddish in colour, than most

G. dorcas, and the tips of the horns of the male are strongly bent inwards.

Mr. Oldfield Thomas said at once that they appeared to be G. zsabella, and Mr,

Rothschild, who kindly compared the specimens with me in the British Museum,

came to the same conclusion.

I have no doubt that this is right, buat I must confess that the two Gazelles,

G. dorcas and isabella, are very much alike, aud that it is very desirable to have

series of each for comparison, not only horns! Horns of Gazelles can be bought

in quantities in Biskra and elsewhere, and I have seen among them many

varieties and some specimens of which it would be difficult to say if they were

dorcas or isabella. Horns which we picked up (on the skulls) north of El-Golea are

apparently also ‘sabed/a. Horns of G. leptoceros (loder?) are also common on the

markets of Biskra and Touggourt.

Gazella isabella is not rare along the oneds and among the hills south of

Ouargla to Ain Guettara, and apparently to the Oued El-Abiodh, north of In-Salah.

It goes about in small flocks or singly, and is in every case very shy. As food is

scarce in the hammada, it feeds, as a rule, in the river-beds, where its spoor is

often seen very plentifully, but it retires, partially or mostly, to the hammada to

rest during the daytime. It is very fond of certain grasses, such as Aristida

plumosa and Stipa tortilis.

For the differences between G. dorcas and isabella may be consulted:

Sclater & Thomas, The Book of Antelopes, iv. pp. 99-108 and 151-154, plates

LVII, and LXIY,, also G, 8, Miller, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. 42, pp. 171-172, pl. 15,

(35)

where a number of skulls and horns from Jebel Bawati in Nubia are figured and

described.

About Gazella rufina Thos, (P.Z.S, 1894, p. 467, fig, skull), described from

a specimen bought in a shop in Algiers, we have no further information, and its

habitat is still unknown.

In the Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911, p. 961, Mr. R. Lydekker described as

a new species of Gazelle an animal said to have come from “ Algeria, between

Constantine and Biskra,” under the name of Gazella hayi. At a meeting of the

Zoological Society on October 29, 1912, Mr, Lydekker pointed out that, “ owing

to an unfortunate mistake in labelling, the Gazelle described in 1911 as a new

species, Gazella hayi, was really G. fuscifrons” (see Abstract Proc. No, 112, p. 1).

The latter is the Persian and Baluchistan form of Gazella bennetti, and it is

curious that the error had not been detected at once,

5. Gazella mhorr (Benn.).—This species is, according to statements from

French officers, and to our Arabs, common in the Hoggar mountains, and even

found in small numbers in the hills of Muidir, belonging to the Hoggar system.

We saw a number of horns in In-Salah, and a pair was given me by Com-

mandant Pein. This would doubtless be the typical mhorr, described from

Maroceo, while Gazella dama replaces it in Senegambia and G. ruficollis in

Dongola and Sennaar. The Arabs call it “‘ Mhor.”

6. Addax nasomaculatus (Blainv.).—The Arabs now call this species variously

Meha and Begra-el-Onach. The latter name has been said to be that of Budalis

buselaphus (bubalis) by Lataste and others, but it is in Algeria nowadays one of

the names of Addax nasomaculatus. The Addax is even now not very rare in the

Great Eastern Ere between Bir er-Resof (“ Bir Beresof”) and Rhadames, but it

seems to be shifting its quarters according to the pasturage, which entirely depends

on the rain; this is from reports of Arabs and French officers, and it must be

true, for fresh horns are not rarely brought to Ouargla and thence to Biskra,

In 1893 a freshly killed animal was brought in to Onargla, according to Professor

Koenig. During our journey we did not come across any sign of Addax, nor did

Mr. Spatz last summer, when he travelled far into the Western Erg to Ain Taiba

and Hassi Melah. Fifty-five years ago Tristram saw an Addax on the Oued Nea.

7. Bubalis buselaphus (Pall.) (= bubalis Pall. 1767)—We were unable to find

any proof whatever of the existence of the Bubal in Algeria. Nobody knew it ;

not even a horn could be found, nor could we find any Arab who would profess

that he had seenit. ‘I'he name “ Begra-el-Ouach ” (= Wild Cow), which, according

to former authors, used to be the name of the Bubal, is now used for the Addax,

as well as “‘ Meha,” though the former appears to be inappropriate, and much

better suited for the Bubal.

Shaw (Vravels in Barbary and the Levant, second edition, 1757, p. 170) described

the “ Bekker el Wash” as a wild species of cow, which lived in large herds, was

of the size and colour of Red Deer, and was apparently then common north of

the Atlas, as the south was at that time unknown! Loche described it as being

confined to the mountainous districts of the south; and Tristram (The Great Suhara,

( 36 )

p. 387) relates that the hunters of the Souf (El-Oued) frequently obtained it,

In the British Museum is a young animal obtained by Fraser in the Chott Djerid

in Tunisia, in 1846.

All these statements are probably correct and true, but it is to be feared that

the: Bubal no longer exists in Algeria nor in the Sahara south of Algeria—at

least as far as Tidikelt.

It is, perhaps, not astonishing that so large a beast has disappeared, when

it is considered that the Lion has been exterminated ; in olden times a wild Ass

(according to Tristram) inhabited South Algeria ; the Deer is restricted to a small

portion of the Northern Atlas forests, the Panther and other wild cats have

become rare; the Ostrich has disappeared from the confines of Algeria. All this is

partly due to the ruthless hunting of Europeans, unchecked by any game-laws,

as they used to be; but more so to the persevering and ansportsmanlike killing

and catching by the Arabs at all seasons of the year.

8. Ovis lervia Pall. (= Ovis tragelaphus Desm.).—The “ Barbary Sheep”

appears to inhabit the mountains of the Southern Atlas ranges, especially south

of the “Hants Plateaux,” bat it also extends into the Sahara, at least as far as

Ain Guettara, and, according to hearsay, even to the Hoggar mountains. It is,

naturally, absent, from the regions of the sand-dunes, from the Chotts and the

flat hammada, and is only found among rocks and cliffs, which, however, need not

be very high. We sawa very old male at Ain Guettara, and picked up a skull

and horns close by ; but we found many traces and droppings in the little affluents

and side-valleys of the Southern Oued Mya, and in the latter itself. They come

to the river-bed to feed in the evening and during the night, but retire to the

rocks for the day. As their colour harmonises so closely with the brown rocks,

they are invisible while resting, even to most Arabs. A fine male was shot in

the Oued Mya at dusk; its meat was excellent. Our Arabs called this animal

always ‘ Laroui,” which appears to be a contraction of ‘ El-Aroui,” and the

name “ Aoudad ” was unknown to them.

9. Foxes —There are at least—apart from the Fennec—two Foxes in Algeria,

a larger form living in the Atlas mountains, probably Vulpes nilotica, and a

smaller one in the northern parts of the Sahara, which is Vulpes famelica

Cretzschm., or perhaps a subspecies of the latter. Unfortunately we have not

shot any of these (cf. also Lataste, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxxix. pp. 212-19).

Foxes are said to occur also in the Southern Oned Mya, but we have no proof

of it. Vulpes famelica occurs also in South Tunisia.

10. Canis aureus L.—The jackal is not rare in North Algeria, and even

found close to the town of Algiers, and extends as far south, at least, as Ain

Guettara, where we saw its undoubted spoor, and the dang, dropped on top of

stones and camel-skeletons, more especially on the stomachs of the dead camels,

which were generally full of half-digested food. Lataste (/.c. p. 212) says that

the jackal never goes south of the Tell and Hants Plateaux, but this is an error,

though it is, naturally, absent from the Erg and Chotts.

11. Hyaena hyaena (1.).—Still found, though in small numbers, from the

Northern Atlas ranges to Biskra, and, according to statements from Arabs and

( 87 )

officers, near El-Golea. We have not been able to find traces or reports of its

occurrence farther south.

12. Sus serofa (? subsp.).—Wild pigs are common in Northern Algeria, but

absent from the Sahara. Mr. Rothschild and I took part in a “chasse” near

Hammam Meskontine, in February 1911, when twelve “ haluf” were shot, three of

which were very old specimens. A pair of them are now mounted in the Tring

Museum.

BIRDS.

By ERNST HARTERT, Pu.D.

Birps were, of course, the principal object of the expedition, and therefore most

of our time and energy was spent on the collecting and observation of birds. With

more time and luck one will doubtless, at least near Ouargla, find Budo 4. ascalaphus

nesting in the regions we traversed, but otherwise we do not believe that any

resident desert birds have escaped us. The number of migrants can of course be in-

creased, and the best places for them would undoubtedly be El-Golea and In-Salah.

The species which do not breed in the Sahara south of Biskra as far as we

passed through it are marked with an asterisk.

Conclusions see at the end of the list of species and subspecies which we

observed.

[Corvus corax tingitanus Irby.

This form is not an inhabitant of the desert, except on its northern edge. In

1912 we saw Ravens near Biskra and a stray bird near Chegga, which must have

been C. ¢. tingitanus. We are still uncertain to which form the Ravens of the

dayats near Tilrhempt (ef. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 471) belong. |

1. Corvus corax ruficollis Less.

(Corvus umbrinus auct.)

Corvus ruficollis Lesson, Traité d’ Orn. p. 329 (183.—No locality ; Pucheran, Rev. & Mag. Zool. 1853.

p. 548, says that the type came from the “Cape,” but it more probably came from the

Cape Verde Islands ; in any case the description can only apply to the present species, and

the name must therefore be used).

Corvus umbrinus Sundevall, Oef. k. Vet. Akad. Firh, Stockholm, 1838. p. 199 (Sennaar).

Corvus infumatus Wagner, Miinchener gel. Anz. viii. p. 301 (June 1839.—Egypt, Nile-Delta).

This form of Raven is the Raven of the desert from Egypt to Algeria, and

doubtless also of the unexplored south of Marocco, as it is found on the Cape

Verde Islands,

At a distance the desert Raven cannot be distinguished from C. corax tingitanus,

but we have no doubt that all the Ravens seen between Touggourt and Hl-Golea,

south to the platean of Tademait, those at Ghardaia, and all the Ravens nesting

on the Terebinth-trees in the Oued Nea, are C, ¢, ruficollis (= umbrinus). In fresh

(38 )

plumage these Ravens are nearly as blackish as C. ¢. t/ngitanus, but they can

always be distinguished by the slenderer, less arched beak, and the much greater

distance from the nostril to the tip of the culmen, and from the end of the nasal

bristles to the tip. By this character even young birds might be distinguished ;

in the specimens in the Tring Museum the outer aspect of the wings is also much

more bluish in young tingitanus, more greenish in ryficollis, but I am not sure

if this will hold good.

Like other Ravens, these birds nest partly on cliffs, partly on trees.

As I have said above, all desert Ravens from the Cape Verde Islands to Nubia,

and also those from Arabia, are the same; they extend even farther eastwards,

but about the eastern limits and allied eastern forms we are as yet somewhat

uncertain.

The following measurements might be interesting :

5 Cape Verde specimens have wings of 370—390 mm.

3 south of Onargla (Graf Zedlitz in litt.): 394 mm.

222ad. south of El-Golea: 367, 368 mm. (all males either young or very

much worn, so as not to be measurable).

3 22S. Tunisia (Erlanger coll.) : 370—377 mm.

8 Nubian and Egyptian birds : 380—420 mm.

336 ad. Lahadj, 8. Arabia (Erlanger coll.): 392—393 mm.

? Lahadj, 8S. Arabia (Tring coll.) : 857 mm.

& Aden, British Museum: 396 mm,

BE. Persia (Saraduy coll.): “dd ” 384, 395, 411 ; “ ¢ 2” 400, 401 mm,

But in Persia other gigantic birds oceur, which I have united with C. corax

laurencei; more material is, however, required to fix the latter form and its

distribution.

[Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (1.).

None of the cliffs and mountains we came across in the desert are inhabited

by the Chough, and it seems not to occur south of El-Kantara, Djebel Amark-

haddou, and the Bou-Ghezal range.]

2. *Oriolus oriolus oriolus (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 474.

A very late migrant; females noticed in the bed of one of the affluents of the

Oued Mya on May 6, in the bed of the Oued Saret on May 8, and in the gardens

of El-Golea from May 14 to 16. Strange to say, however, we did uot see a single

fully adult male.

[Carduelis carduelis africanus (Hart.).

We never saw a Goldfinch in the desert. Neither in April 1911, nor this year,

in June, was a single specimen seen, in spite of special observation in or near

Ghardaia. Koenig (Reisen u. Forsch. Algerien, p. 127) says that on April 19th

Goldfinches were common in the oasis of Ghardaia, but I am afraid this must

be a lapsus calami, as we did not see any there, and at that time they must have

been breeding ; moreover, in the ornithological detailed part, p. 316, the author

mentions only the Ziban oases (/.e. the oases near Biskra) as the southernmost

places where he found these birds.

In Biskra they are a breeding species, and we saw young birds late in June. |

(39 )

(Carduelis cannabina (L.).

Though common in winter as far south as Biskra, it does not breed there,

or we should have seen specimens in the oasis in June. The birds visit Biskra

in winter only, and they belong probably partially to C. cannabina cannabina and

partially to C. cannabina nana. Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 476.)

{Serinus canarius serinus (1.).

The Serin-finch does not extend into the Sahara, though it is common in

winter in the oases along the foot of the southernmost Atlas ranges, as for example

in Biskra and the other Ziban oases, and in Laghonat. Koenig and ourselves

thought it was breeding at Biskra, but this year we searched in vain for a sign

of the species in June; if it had been there, we should undoubtedly have heard

and seen it. In 1911, at Laghouat, we noticed flocks on April 10, but none were

noticed in the gardens eighteen days later. We are therefore now convinced that

Serins are only winter visitors and do not breed in Biskra (nor in Laghouat).]

3. Erythrospiza githaginea zedlitzi Neum.

Erythrospiza githaginea zedlitzi Neumann, Orn. Monatsher, 1907, p. 145 (Algeria and Tunisia, type

Biskra) ; Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 477.

The “ Trumpeter ” extends in small numbers far south into the Sahara.

For the first time we saw a small flock and shot a male on some stony,

rocky ‘“ gour,” about half-way between Touggourt and Ouargla, on March 6, north

of Arefidji. In the rocks along the banks of the Southern Oued Mya we saw

twice one or two specimens, but only succeeded in shooting a single male with

very little red, looking almost like a female, on April 30. Also among the rocks

of the Mzab country, between Ghardaia and El-Golea, we once saw this bird, but

it was always very shy and difficult to obtain. The old male shot on March 6

is a typical zedlitz/, wing 89 mm., while the other, apparently younger one, with

a wing of only 86 mm., resembles more eastern githaginea. Ct. Nov. Zool. xviii.

p- 477.

4. The Sparrows.

C£. Nov. Zool. xviii. pp. 479-82.

One of the questions in which we were particularly interested was, how far

to the south Sparrows might be found, and to which form they belonged.

While at Touggourt we collected nineteen males ; fifteen of these are of the

bastard race called “ Passer fliichigeri,’ which resembles the Italian Sparrow,

Passer italiae, having an entirely chestnut crown and no lateral black stripes ;

three have the same chestnut crown and lateral stripes, so that they must be

called hispaniolensis, and one has the feathers of the crown black with wide

brownish mouse-grey edges, and might thus be named Passer domesticus tingitanus,

with a great amount of black to the crown-feathers.

In passing through Temacin only chestnut-headed males were observed.

In Ouargla Sparrows were common. Of the fourteen males we collected nine

have entirely chestnut crowns, four a slight admixture of black or dark grey, one

a quite grey crown ; not one has lateral stripes. The Sparrows nest here on houses

and in date-palms and other trees.

No Sparrows were observed until we came to El-Golea, where they were

exceedingly common, breeding in palms in the oases, and especially numerous in

( 40 )

the huge encalyptus-trees in the officers’ gardens, but also on buildings. All the

twenty-seven adult males we brought home are grey-headed, with the black bases

to the feathers well developed, and only three of them show a slight admixture of

chestnut in the grey crown.

Sparrows were of course absent from the uninhabited desert, but in the

Tidikelt oases they were common again, though not so numerons, it would seem, as

in El-Golea. We skinned twenty-five adult males in Igosten and In-Salah, and

all these were grey-headed, mostly with very distinct black bases to the crown-

feathers, sometimes with much black, so that in two specimens nearly the whole

crown is black. No hybrids or Passer hispaniolensis were found.

Comparing the series from In-Salah and Igosten with that from El-Golea, it is

evident that the feathers of the back are more edged with chestnut than with

brownish buff, as in the El-Golea series and in other southern Algerian Sparrows

generally. The paler, more brownish buff edges to the feathers of the back, are

apparently due to the mixture with Passer hispaniolensis, which has cream-coloured

streaks on the back, while they are generally more chestnut in P. domesticus

domesticus and northern P. domesticus tingitanus. These differences between the

various grey-headed Saharan Sparrows are, however, not constant, and we can, at

present, only call them

Passer domesticus tingitanus.

The hybridisation of P. domesticus (tingitanus) with P. hispaniolensis, which is

so complete in many places in Algeria, is apparently not so advanced in Marocco;

we have received series of Sparrows, collected by Riggenbach, from Mazagan,

Mogador, and Shishawa, ten hours from Marrakesh, and only a few specimens

(Mogador : like “ fliichigeri,” Shishawa) show the mixture with //spaniolensis, yet

from Marrakesh came the type of “ Passer ahasver.”

In El-Golea (March and May), and in In-Salah (April) numerous eggs and

young were found at the same time. The eggs vary exactly like those of

P. domesticus domesticus, and the clutches range from three to five, those of only

two eggs being apparently incomplete.

5. Passer simplex saharae rl.

(With regard to the distinctions between P. s. saharae and P. s. simplex we are as yet no more

advanced than last year, as no fresh Nubian specimens are available, but it seems that ‘slight

differences exist between the two supposed races. Cf, Nov, Zool. xviii. p, 482.)

Coming from Touggourt we first came across the desert Sparrow south of

Bled-el-Ahmar, about 40 km. south of Touggourt, and afterwards we found it

in almost every suitable locality. Such places are sand-dunes or sandy plains with

the vegetation typical for the sand-dunes, provided that there are nesting-places,

which are of the most varied description. Specimens were shot at Safet Iniquel,

about 26 km. north of El-Golea, at Hassi Okseibat, Hassi Marroket, and south of

El-Meksa, in the great Erg-bent-Chaouli. Farther south we did not see these

birds, and at In-Salah—where we should have expected some—and in the Southern

Oued Mya we found no trace of Passer simplex. These sparrows were most

common in the Ergs north of El-Golea. In the latter district nearly all the nests

were found in “ Gmiras,” ¢.e. smaller or larger stone pyramids, erected as landmarks.

Other nests were built in the stone walls of deserted temporary buildings, in the

stone walls protecting the entrance of a well, on a rafter under the roof of a

“Bordj,” in a bush of Retama raetam (once), and in thick bushes of Nitraria

a“

( 41)

tridentata (twice—see plate). In 1909 I found a nest in a low date-palm, while

Koenig discovered several in the stone walls of wells.

On March 28 Ahmed ben-Saya found a nest with five fairly hard-set eggs, of

which he broke one. The four remaining eggs are rather light, three being of a

pale cream colour with pale brownish grey patches and spots of varying sizes, the

fourth white with similar but more pronounced and more compact patches, and

underlying paler ones.

They measnre 19:2 x 13:9, 19:2 x 13:6, 19°4 x 13°9 and 19°6 x 13:9 mm.

On May 19 I found a nest under the roof, on a rafter, of the Bordj El-Khoua,

north of El-Golea. It contained five dark-coloured eggs, only one being lighter,

with the whitish ground-colour visible between the numerous large dark brown

blotches ; the other four are pale chocolate with chocolate patches and spots. They

were about half incubated, and measure 19°8 x 13°9, 19°90 x 13°9, 195 x 13:5,

19°8 x 13:9, and 20 x 13°8 mm.

On May 12 and 13 one addled egg each was found with half-grown young, in

“Gmiras”; one is chocolate, the other whitish with pale ashy markings; they

measure 18°3 x 14:1, and 18°5 x 13°75 mm.

On May 12, 22 and 23 young desert Sparrows, some quite young and naked,

some ready to leave the nest, which flew away when one opened the nest up, were

found. ‘They are of the colour of the old female, on the upper side sand-coloured,

and without the black throat of the adult male, both sexes being alike.

The number of eggs and young varies very much, as we found twice only one

single naked young bird in the nests, once two, but mostly three to five eggs or

young.

[Emberiza palustris palustris Savi

A specimen of this bird (perhaps not subspecies of pyrrhuloides !) which I

examined was shot among the reeds of the Oued Biskra, near Biskra, 22. ii. 1905,

by Mr. Ussher, and is now in the Dublin Museum. |

6. *Emberiza hortulana L.

C£. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 483.

An adult male was shot—evidently on migration—on April 10, 30 km. north

of Ain Guettara, and another bird apparently of this species was seen near that

place.

7. Emberiza striolata sahari Ley.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p- 484,

We did not find this bird in the Southern oases, but it was very common

round about Ghardaia. According to Rohlfs (Reise durch Marokko, 1869) this

bird is common in Tafilet and other oases south of the Maroccan Atlas, where it is

called “ Bou-Shamm,” 7.e. “father of fat,’ but it is not found in Tuat and

Tidikelt.

8. Rhamphocorys clot-bey Bp.

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 484.

We had hoped to find this interesting Lark in many places of the Hammada,

but we only came across it twice, near Bordj Chegga, where a small flock was seen

in February, and again on June 7, east of Guerrara, in the Mzab country. It was

on a sandy plain with numerous flat stones, and a few stony hills near by. There

were two flocks of young birds, being led by their parents, and one or two

( 42)

single old birds. The young were nearly as large as their parents, but the bill

much smaller, with the cutting edges nearly smooth ; the feathers of the back had

very indistinct ashy tips, the sides of the head had no black and were of a reddish

sand-colour, throat and abdomen creamy white, breast and sides sandy buff ; instead

of the black markings of the adult bird on the underside there are only indications

of two dark patches on the throat, the slaty bases showing through, and a few

indistinct slaty spots on the sides of the throat; the secondaries are pale cinnamon

rufous; the primaries have wide and sharply defined cinnamon-bnff tips, the ends

of the secondaries are pale cinnamon-buff, not pure white and less wide; rectrices

less sharply marked. Old and young were heard to eall “djiip, djiip, djiip, djiip,

djitp,” somewhat plaintively ; and an old bird, while searching for its young, called

loudly hitiht and tirrrrrrrrrr, only a few yards from me.

9, *Calandrella brachydactyla brachydactyla (Leisl.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 485,

The first specimens were seen on March 7 and 8, north and south of

Neoussa, north of Ouargla. Henceforth flocks of five or six to twenty or thirty

were seen to March 28 (El-Golea), After that we saw them only sporadically.

A number were ronning about in the Oued Saret, 108 km, south of El-

Golea, on April 3; small flocks were observed on April 9 and 11; one being

shot was so damaged that we did not preserve it, but a note was made that

it belonged to the rufous-headed, sandy Algerian form.

Koenig mentions this species from west of Guerrara, where he saw it singly

aud in pairs on April 24. We believe that we saw examples east of Guerrara

in June, This would be the southernmost breeding-place in this part of Algeria,

10, *Calandrella brachydactyla longipennis (Eversm.),

Hartert, Vig. pal. Fauna i. p. 216; Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 486.

In the Oued Saret, on April 3, two short-toed Larks, both females, were shot ;

one of these is a typical sandy rufous-headed Algerian bird, while the other is

greyish, and agrees with the eastern form, C. 4. longipennis. The wings (right and

left) measure 88 and 89 mm., ze. just as long as in the specimen of Calandrella

brachydactyla brachydactyla shot in the same place. The wings of C. b. longi-

pennis are, as a rule, not 3 to 5 mm. shorter (as stated in Vog. pal. Fauna i.

p. 216), but equally as long, or a few millimetres longer.

This is the third specimen of the eastern form known to us from Algeria.

(Calandrella minor was not found in the Sahara, though possibly it might be

in or near the Oued Nea.)

11. Ammomanes deserti algeriensis Sharpe.

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 487.

The typical algeriensis inhabits the northern hammada (stony desert) and

the southern slopes of the Atlas Mountains. In former years Mr. Rothschild

and I found it south to Kef-el-Dor, between Biskra and Touggourt, and common

at Ghardaia. The wings of males measure generally from 97 to 100, exceptionally

(Biskra, where others are smaller) to 104 mm,

(43)

Ammomanes deserti algeriensis > mya.

A pair from Safet-Iniquel, 30 km. north of El-Golea, shot on March 23,

measure: ¢ 102, 295 mm. Their bills are larger than in regular algeriensis

from Biskra, El-Kantara, Ghardaia, Tunisia. A male from Kef-el-Dor, 18. iv.

1909, has the bill as long and almost as strong as in A. d. mya, while the wing

measures 99 mm. or a little more, being somewhat worn. Three specimens from the

hammada between Ghardaia and El-Golea (¢ 20 km. south of Ghardaia, 28. v.,

95 km. south of Ghardaia, 27.v., d 55 km. north of El-Golea, 20. v.) have bills

larger, especially thicker, than usually seen in A. d. algeriensis, 17—18°5 mm.

in length, and wings of 98 to 100 mm.

It is therefore reasonable to suppose that Ammomanes deserti algeriensis, in

its southernmost localities, leans towards the southern Ammomanes deserti mya,

at least in the form of the bill, and this is best expressed by the usual formula,

A, d. algeriensis > myt.

12. Ammomanes deserti mya Hart.

Ammomanes deserti mya Hartert, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8. vol. x. p. 230 (August 1912—

Oued Mya).

After leaving the rocks called Safet-Iniquel, about 30 km, north of El-Golea,

on March 23, no Ammomanes were met with until we came to the Oued Saret,

a sandy river-bed separated in some places from the surrounding hammada by

low cliffs, ‘This is a distance of 138 km. from Safet-Iniqnel, and the latter is

an isolated outpost for A. d. algeriensis, while north of the Oued Saret there was

no sign of A, d. mya. Naturally, as soon as a desert-lark so far south, in a new

locality, was seen, a few were procured, and we were at once struck by the size

of the beaks. Afterwards this same form was again found at Fort Miribel and

in all the affluents of the southernmost Oued Mya and in the latter itself; also

in the gorge of the Ain Guettara, and on the slopes of the Tademait, 2 or 3 km.

south of Ain Guettara.

In the Oued Mya region this lark was quite common. What struck me most

was the different, louder and deeper call-note (dyiip, dyiip), and the different

song. Instead of the monotonous “ djirreii, djirreit, djirreii” of A. d. algeriensis,

it sang like “tirrhuit, tirrriir, tirrriir, djiarriir, djiarriir,” the various notes not all

alike, but different and variously modulated.

In colour the two allied forms vary very little, but generally A. d. myc is less

reddish, especially on the ramp and upper wing-coverts, and there is more black

on the inner webs of the rectrices ; in size, however, the differences are striking,

A. d. mya being much larger: wings of males 107—111, females 97—101, tail

about 74—76°5, bill much thicker and longer, 18—20, once 20°9 mm.

We found a number of nests of this Lark. They were placed in shallow

holes on the rocks along the banks of the river-beds, and had a long wall of

stones, like the nests of Oenanthe leucura syenitica and leucopyga. Unfortunately,

in spite of the greatest efforts, we found no eggs; most of the females seemed

to lay later, but others must have had eggs.

13. Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor (Sund.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 487.

Like Koenig years ago, and Mr. Rothschild and myself in 1909, we found

this graceful little Lark soon after Bordj Chegga on the stony plain intermixed

( 44 )

with sand; and such country, viz. sandy plains or plateaux with stones and rocks,

are. the principal localities where this species is found. According to my experience

it does not inhabit the very barest hammada nor the rocky mountains, which are

so often the home of A. deserti algeriensis.

We found it not rare on the platean east of Ghardaia, but generally in sandy

oueds, About six or eight specimens were observed, and three of them shot,

about half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea, on March 19, on a gravelly plain,

where stones appeared in quantities,

On April 2 a pair was observed on stony ground near the sand-dunes of

the Erg-bent-Chaouli; then again on April 5, in a sandy river-bed (Oued el-

Far), in the middle of an endless hammada, 25 km. south of Fort Miribel.

Farther sonth four specimens were seen together in the sandy river-bed of

the Oued el-Abiodh, north of In-Salah, on April 14, two of which were shot;

they had ovary and testicles very small, being evidently some time before their

nesting season. None were observed in the same neighbourhood on April 25.

On our return journey quite a number were seen in the entirely sandy plain

between Hl-Alia and Bledet-Ahmar. All the specimens from these various

localities were the same, though varying individually a good deal, especially on

the crown, hind-neck, and back,

No eggs were found, but a nest with naked young was discovered ou June 2,

26 km. east of Ghardaia (Pl. VI).

14. Galerida theklae deichleri Hrl.

Cf, Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 495.

As in 1909, we found this very pale form on the sands north of Kef-el-Dor,

but it was not very numerous there by the end of February. One of the specimens

had some feathers on the back moulting, and the testicles of the males were

swollen,

South of Touggourt this Lark was common near Hassi Arefidji and to the

north of it, as well as southwards to near Ngoussa, This was the southernmost

place where any Crested Larks were found during our journey, and Spatz’s

observations agree with ours. No Crested Larks are found near Onargla.

On June 6 these Larks were common at Dinar, 50 km. south of Touggourt,

but the old birds were in such horribly worn plumage that we refrained from

collecting more than one. A young bird shot there on that date is rather interesting,

as even in this juvenile age it can be distinguished from the young of Galerida

theklae carolinae (and from those of the various forms of G. cristata) by its paler

colour, the blackish spots before the whitish tips of the feathers being more

restricted and paler brown.

These Larks only inhabit sandy plains, generally, though not always, places

where a few flat stones appear among the sands. They do not frequent dunes or

hammada.

We collected this year thirteen specimens. There is very little variation in

this series.

On June 11, near El-Alia, we found a nest with two naked young and two

addled eggs. They are spotted with pale brown and grey, typical for thehklae eggs,

and measure 23 x 18°83 and 23 x 18°09 mm,

( 45 )

15. Galerida theklae carolinae Hrl.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 494.

On the outward journey down to Tidikelt we never saw this subspecies, but

returning northwards to Ghardaia we came across it for the first time on May 25,

90 km. south of Ghardaia, on the side of an oned with rich vegetation, on rocky

slopes. In the evening, 75 km. south of Ghardaia, young ones were flying about.

On the 26th and 27th none were observed, but on the 28th, about 20 km. south

of Ghardaia, a few were met with, but they were in such bad plumage that only

one was preserved. After that a few were found on the plateau east of Ghardaia,

about 25 km. from that town, and around the Bordj and Hassi Rebib, in the

river-bed of the Oued Nea, 538 km. from Ghardaia. Some young birds in first

plumage were collected, which are distinctly more rufescent than those of

G. t. deichleri, with more prominent markings. Our series of this year (only

six adult specimens) varies not very much, and shows clearly, even in the most.

worn specimens, the reddish tinge of the upperside which characterises this

subspecies.

16. Galerida cristata arenicola Tristr.

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 493.

While going from Biskra to Bordj Saada these Larks were common, and

to our astonishment we saw two of them soaring skywards and singing. I said

to Hilgert, this must be a G. theklae, probably deichler?, as we had never seen

any G. cristata doing this ; so we watched one of the males and shot it when it

descended to the ground, but it was none other than a typical G. cristata arenicola.

This fact shows that our observation of 1909 and 1911 (cf. Nov. Zool. xviii.

p- 489) that only G. thehlae sings soaring skywards is not without exceptions.

We saw G. cristata arenicola several times along the road to Touggourt,

and from Touggourt to Bledet-Ahmar, where it was not rare close to the oasis.

Farther southwards it did not occur. Worn summer specimens are of course

very dark when the pale borders of the feathers are half gone.

17. Galerida cristata macrorhyncha [ristr.

Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii, pp. 489 and 492,

The only place where we came across long-billed Crested Larks, which we

believe to belong to this closely allied race, was a few kilometres east of Guerrara

and close to that town. We shot two adult and one young specimens, but the

old birds are in such worn plumage that little can be said about them, and exact,

measurements cannot be taken. Nevertheless we believe them to be macrorhyncha,

and not arenicola; the male has the wing about 112 (at least), the female

102 mm.

It is strange to find two subspecies as close together as Guerrara and Touggourt

to Bledet-Ahmar, but both places are outposts from the principal strongholds, and

Guerrara is more or less stony ground, while at Touggourt and Bledet-Ahmar these

Larks live on sand. The male from Bledet-Ahmar has the wing of nearly 110,

the female one of 104 mm., but we consider them nevertheless to belong to

arenicola.

[No Skylarks were seen south of Biskra; it seems therefore that they do not

range to the real Sahara, Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 497. |

( 46 )

18. Alaemon alaudipes alaudipes (Desf.).

Cf. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 497.

The Muka of the Arabs is the delight of every traveller in the desert, and often

have I listened to its plaintive, enchanting, flute-like notes. It is chiefly found

in sand districts, if there is sufficient vegetation, but it adapts itself also to the

oueds in the hammada, far away from the sands.

It is very common between Biskra and Touggourt, and from Touggourt to

Ouargla. South of Ouargla it is rarer and more local, but extends sparingly down

to El-Golea, and near that place, as well as around Hassi Okseibat, sonth of

El-Golea, it is not rare. Farther southwards, and even in the Southern Oned-Mya

region, it is almost absent, but it was heard in the latter place on April 30 ; and

south of Ain Guettara, in the bed of the Oued el-Abiodh, on April 14, one pair was

seen and obtained ; others could not be found.

The male of these southernmost specimens is exceptionally rusty on the

upperside, almost as brown as one from the Cape Verde Islands, while the female

is very pale.

Mnkas were not rare generally between El-Golea and Ghardaia, and from

Ghardaia to Touggourt.

The first young ones, tiny creatures unable to fly, rnnning swiftly across

the sebcha, were seen on March 30, near Kl-Golea. Afterwards many young

were seen flying about on the plateau east of Ghardaia, They had begun already

to moult into the first antumn plumage on June 2 and 3. While the blackish

anteapical cross-markings on the upperside are strongly marked in some, they

are rather faint in others, and also the dark spots on the throat are sometimes

much more distinct than in others.

On May 18 and 22 nests with two eggs each were found north of El-Golea,

The first stood in the usual way on top of a bush, the other on the ground, near

a stone, a somewhat unusual position. The nests were composed of dry grass

and thin twigs, interwoven with spider-webs. The eggs measure 24 x 16,

23-7 x 161 and 20 x 16, 20°1 x 15°9 mm., the latter clutch being unasnally

small.

19. Eremophila (Otocorys) alpestris bilopha (Temm.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 498.

Only seen in two places: Kef-el-Dor, between Biskra and Touggourt, and in

the Mzab country east of Ghardaia as far as abont 25 km. east of Guerrara, From

June 2 to 7 young birds were seen, some beginning already to moult into the first

autamn plumage. The young before the first moult are on the upperside of a

reddish isabelline, each feather with a tiny pale cream (not white) tip; the

underside is white with a creamy buff band across the chest and a similar tinge on

the flanks: there is no black on the jugulum and forehead, so that such birds,

if seen running on the ground, do not give the idea of an Lremophila to a

casual observer.

20. *“Anthus trivialis trivialis (L.).

C£. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 498.

The Tree Pipit was observed in the Southern Oued Mya during the second

week of April, and at In-Salah on April 30, also a single specimen on May 10,

south of El-Golea,

(47)

21. *Anthus pratensis (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 498.

A few were noticed in El-Golea during the last week of March.

22. *Anthus campestris (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 499.

A single specimen was shot at Arefidji, out of a small flock, on March 7, one

was observed in the most monotonous hammada south of Hassi el-Hadjar on

March 17, and again on the 18th and 20th, and it was not rare at El-Golea

about March 26; a few were seen in the Southern Oued Mya during the second

week of April, and at In-Salah on April 30.

23. *Motacilla flava flava (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 499.

From March 26 to 28 typical 1 flava was common at El-Golea; we observed

it in the bed of the Oued Saret on April 4, and in the Southern Oued Mya during

the second week of April.

24. *Motacilla flava cinereocapilla Savi.

Cf. Whitaker, Birds of Tunisia i. p. 151.

On March 24 I shot a male from a small flock at Safet-Iniqnel, with a white

throat, and another at In-Salah, on April 21. Both are typical ecnereocapilla.

As this Wagtail is a regular migrant in Tunisia, it will doubtless be so in

some parts of Algeria. As we never saw it in the eminently suitable country near

Tac Fetzara, we doubted whether Yellow Wagtails nested in Algeria, but in 1857

Tristram took eggs on June 9 and 18 in the “ Province of Constantine ” ; these were

probably those of c/nereocapilla.

25. *Motacilla flava thunbergi Billberg.

Motacilla borealis Whitaker, B, Tunisia i. p. 152.

We first met with this form at Ain Guettara, on April 28, where a pair were

running about fearlessly round our tent; as the dark head was at once noticed I

shot the pair, which proved to be typical thunbergi. After that date these birds

were observed on April 30 (three specimens), May 2 to 7 daily (in the Oued Mya

and affluents), May 12 at the Hassi Marroket, May 13 and 18 single specimens at

El-Golea, and afterwards single examples on May 25 and 27, and even on June 5

a single female, apparently ill, and another at Guerrara, June 6,

In the Southern Oued Mya many were eaten by the Horned Vipers, Cerastes

cerastes (= cornutus).

26. *Motacilla alba alba L.

Cf, Nov. Zool, xviii, p. 499.

White Wagtails were common at Touggourt on February 27 to 29, and a few

were seen in the Mouleina, just south of Biskra, on February 20, also on March 8,

near Ouargla.

[Parus caeruleus ultramarinus is not rare in Biskra, where we saw it

feeding its young in June, but it does not occur in any of the southern oases,

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 500. |

( 48 )

27. Lanius excubitor elegans Swains.

Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 500.

Common from south of Biskra to Touggourt, and thence south to Ngoussa,

north of Ouargla. We do not remember having seen Grey Shrikes at Ouargla, and

none are found southwards, not even in the Southern Oned Mya region. In the

bed of Oued el-Abiodh, north of In-Salah, an old nest was found which looked like

a Shrike’s nest, but there were no Shrikes near there this year. North of El-Golea

bushes of Zizyphus lotus appeared again for the first time in great luxuriance on

May 23 between Oued Saadana and Hassi el-Hadadra, 145 km. south of Ghardaia,

and with the Zizyphus began at once Lanius eaxcubitor elegans. These Shrikes had

here partly half-grown young in the nest, partly young flying about and taking

care of themselves. They might make two broods here, but maybe that the

late broods are only due to loss of the first ones. These Shrikes were very common

at Sebseb, 51 km. south of Ghardaia, in Metlili, Ghardaia, Gnerrara, and very

numerous in the bed of the Oued Nea.

The first clutches of eggs (five each) were found near Bordj Chegga,

February 22, in Zizyphus bushes. An egg was cut ont of a female at Tong-

gourt on February 27. A clutch of five was found in a Retam at Arefidji,

March 6,

This Grey Shrike, when singing, is often a very good imitator of other birds’

calls and songs.

28. *Lanius senator senator L.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 501.

This bird breeds in Northern Algeria, and we did not find it nesting in the

Sahara. We first observed it in El-Golea, March 27, and henceforth it was a

common migrant wherever bushes and trees were found. On the return journey

these Shrikes were observed in smaller numbers, generally only oue or two, here

and there, as late as May 16, at El-Golea. A single male was seen on June 5 in

the Oued Nea, and after that none were observed.

In Biskra we did not come across the Red-headed Shrike in June, and we

therefore doubt if it breeds there—at least in the oasis itself.

The outer tail-feather is sometimes quite white. The Tring Museum has such

a male shot at Lambése on June 3 by Mr. Fliickiger, and I shot another at Fort

Miribel on April 4. Sometimes the black anteapical patch occupies at least half

the feather, sometimes it is reduced to a small spot.

29. *Muscicapa collaris Bechst.

Museicapa collaris Bechstein, Gemeinn. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p, 495 (1795—“ Europa und Deutsch-

land; in den tiefen Gebirgen des Thiiringerwaldes noch am hiiufigsten,” Terra typica :

Thiiringerwald),

dad, Hassi Marroket, south of El-Golea, 11. y. 1912.

dad. El-Golea, 13. vy. 1912.

This bird has not been met with by recent explorers, though Loche stated that

it was widely distributed in Algeria, and Whitaker records it as a regular “ summer

migrant” in Tunisia,

It is doubtless only a bird of passage in N.W. Africa, but probably as regular

a migrant in Algeria as in Tunisia,

(49°)

30. “Muscicapa hypoleuca hypoleuca (Pall.).

(= MW. atricapilla atricapilla auct.)

Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii, p. 503.

Mr. Hilgert saw one at Hl-Golea on March 27.

Not rare on passage in the oases of Tidikelt from April 15 to 24, and again

in the Southern Oued Mya region, in the Oued Tinbourbar, on May 5.

31. *Muscicapa striata striata (Pall.).

(= JM. grisola anct.)

Cf£. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 503.

The Spotted Flycatcher passed through the Sahara from May 5 to the beginning

of June, the last being seen on June 5. Specimens which we shot agreed in every

detail with Swedish and German ones, not with the dull Corsican J. striata

tyrrhenica. In 1909 we were convinced that these birds would nest at Hammam

Meskoutine, but now we doubt it very much, after seeing how late they pass

through South Algeria, No bird should henceforth be regarded as breeding in

Algeria, unless nest and eggs have been discovered.

32. *Phylloscopus trochilus (1.).

C£, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 504,

From March 26 (HI-Golea) a more or less common migrant, especially at

In-Salah, from the middle of April to the 22nd.

On May 1, in the southernmost Oued Mya, about 60 km. north of Ain Guettara,

this species was not rare—though more so than dJonelli—in the large Tamarix

trees, and those seen appeared to be very pale. They belonged perhaps to

P. trochilus eversmanni. A female which we skinned has a wing of 64 mm. It is

whiter on the abdomen than one shot at In-Salah on April 17. It is, however, not

easy to distinguish P. ¢. eversmanni.

33. *Phylloscopus collybita collybita (Vieill.).

Gf. Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 503.

Common migrant from March 8 to the end of April.

34. *Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Bechst.).

Cf. Vig. pal. Fauna i. pp. 515, 516 ; Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 503.

We observed and shot this species in the gardens of El-Golea on May 15 and 16,

and as late as May 23, 145 km. south of Ghardaia.

These specimens are not particularly bright, and agree better with PA. s.

sibilatriz than with the Mediterranean P. s. erlanger?; the latter is, perhaps, a

doubtful race. In the first instance the late Carlo von Hrlanger described it as

P. 8. flavescens, a preoccupied name, chiefly on the strength of an aberrant specimen,

and I recognised it partly on account of the different song which it is sapposed

to have; I am, however, now very doubtful if that observation is convincing, as

probably the whirring song is not uttered except in the breeding season, and we have

still no proof of the breeding in N.W. Africa. Could not all the late birds observed

in Manretania be still migrants ? With regard to the brighter coloration of North

Mediterranean specimens, more material should perhaps be compared in order to

establish the race erlangert for good.

(50)

35. *“Phylloscopus bonelli bonelli (Vieill.).

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 504.

Bonelli’s Warbler was common at In-Salah (April 18 to 22), and in the river-

beds of the southern Oued Mya region during the end of April and beginning of

May.

36. *Acrocephalus streperus streperus (Vieill.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 504.

On May 14 to 16 these Reed-Warblers were common and lustily singing in the

reeds of the Lake of El-Golea. In the very thick Arundo donax it was, however,

very difficult to retrieve any specimen we shot, and so we secured only two, both

adult males. These had the testicles quite small, not in the least swollen, and

were, probably, not breeding there, but still on migration, notwithstanding the late

date.

37. “Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (L.).

Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 504.

This species too was very common round the Lake of El-Golea in the middle of

May. They were singing, but the sexual organs of the specimens we shot were not

in the least enlarged, and I doubt, therefore, if they were breeding in the Sahara,

In 1909 Mr. Rothschild and I were convinced that this bird was breeding at

Lake Fetzara, but so far the eggs have not been procured, and thus proof is still

wanting.

[Acrocephalus arundinaceus (1), the Great Reed-Warbler, was not met with

this year. Tristram (see Sale-catalogue of Eggs collected in Algeria, 1858, p. 9)

says that it is found in Algeria wherever there are tall reeds and swamps, and he

took eggs in the “ province of Constantine ” on June 15 and 22.]

38. “Hippolais icterina (Vicill.).

C£. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 504.

A male and female were shotin the gardens of El-Golea on May 13 and 14,

evidently on passage.

39. *Hippolais polyglotta (Vieill.).

Cf, Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 505.

A male was obtained on May 1, in the southernmost Oned Mya, 60 km. north of

Ain Guettara, doubtless on passage.

40. “Hippolais pallida opaca Cab.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 505.

A female shot in the southerumost Oued Mya, 60 km, north of Ain Guettara,

May 1, doubtless on migration. Larger than H. p. reiser? (2 wing 69°), slightly

darker, and with the same, but a more powerful song.

41. Hippolais pallida reiseri Hilgert.

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii, p, 505.

This bird, which is still scarce in collections, was not rare during the last days

of our stay in In-Salah, singing merrily in the date-palms aud pomegranates, A few

(1)

were observed early in May in the Southern Oued Mya region, and a great number

in the gardens of El-Golea in the middle of May. They were further observed in

the oases of Touggourt, Mraier, and Biskra. In the latter two these birds were

undoubtedly nesting, and in Touggourt and Biskra, June 17 and 18, we saw young

birds being fed by their parents. In Mraier and Biskra we tried hard to find

nests, but did not succeed. We did not even see an old nest, and as all our

search was in vain, we suspect that these birds nest in palms and other high

trees, though this is not the habit of other Hippolais.

We are not sure that HZ. p. reéser? nests in In-Salah and El-Golea, but we have

little doubt it breeds in the gardens of El-Golea, though no nest could be found—

not even an old one; they may, perhaps, also nest in In-Salah, as the sexual organs

of the birds shot there were already swollen; it was, however, certainly too early

for nests in April, and in the oueds of the desert these birds were doubtless only

migrants.

The ten males we collected this year have wings of 63°5 to 67, one 68°5 mm.,

the two females 62°5 to 64 mm.

42. *Sylvia hortensis hortensis (Gm.).

(Sylvia orphea olim.)

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p, 506.

Ou May 5a female was shot 27 km. south of El-Golea, and one or two were

noticed a few days afterwards in the gardens of El-Golea.

43. *Sylvia borin borin (Bodd.).

(Sylvia hortensis auct. mult. errore.)

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p- 506.

Not rare in the gardens of El-Golea on May 13 and 14.

44. *Sylvia communis communis Lath.

(Sylvia cinerea auct.)

Cf£, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 506.

Shot May 1, 60 km. north of Ain Guettara, in the southernmost bend of the

Oued Mya, when several were seen ; observed in the middle of May in El-Golea, and

several times seen between El-Golea and Ghardaia up to May 26.

45. Sylvia nana deserti (Loche).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 507.

Travelling southwards, we found this lovely sand-coloured little bird here and

there between Biskra and Touggourt, and for the last time between Safet-Iniquel and

Oued Djafou, north of El-Golea. We never saw it south of Hl-Golea, though the

country appeared, in certain places, to be quite suitable for it.

On the return journey the Desert Warbler was encountered again about 40 and

50 km. north of El-Golea. It was common near Sebseb, south of Metlili, but. still

more so in the sand-region of El-Arich, south-west of Touggourt.

Specimens shot on March 4 and 5, about 60 and 75 km. south of Tonggourt, had

ovaries and testicles already more or less strongly enlarged. One shot on May 20

north of El-Golea had the plumage so much worn that we resolved not to shoot any

(52 )

more, At Sebseb these birds were singing lustily on May 26, apparently about to

make a second brood. On June 6, at El-Arich, about half a dozen nests were found

with naked or half-feathered young, either three or four in number. One nest con-

tained two naked nestlings and two eggs; and a nest with four rotten eggs, covered

with sand, was found north of El-Golea. Five of the eggs could be blown and saved,

They were rather finely spotted, and not so greenish as those found in 1909 (1. ¢.), and

measure 16°2 x 12°3, 16 x 12:6, 15-4 x 12°3, 16 x 125, and 15°71 x 125 mm.

46. *Sylvia cantillans inornata ‘I'sch.

Cf, Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 508.

Migrating through the central Sahara in April, in small numbers. Males were

collected in the Oned Mya on April 8 and as late as May 1, also at In-Salah on

April 18.

47. *Sylvia cantillans albistriata (Drelm),

C£, Nov. Zool, xviii. p, 509. «

Migrating through the Sahara in March and early April: near Ouargla

10. iii., El-Golea 24. iii, 60 km. south of Hl-Golea, l.iv., and a female, which I

believe to belong to this form, in the Oued Saret, 4.iv., 1012.

48, "Sylvia deserticola Tristr.

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 509.

One male Tamerna (north of Touggourt), 26. ii, oue male Arefidji, north of

Ouargla, 7.iii. The one from Tamerna had wings, tail and body plumage in full

moult. ‘The other had only a few of the body-plumes still moulting.

49. Sylvia conspicillata conspicillata Temm.

C£, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 509.

d ad. Kef-el-Dor, south of Biskra, 23. ii. The testicles were already swollen,

and the bird would probably have nested on the spot.

50. Agrobates galactotes galactotes (‘l'emm.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 510.

End of April several times in the southernmost bend of the Oued Mya,

apparently still on passage.

Middle of May common in the gardens of El-Golea, lustily singing and

possibly nesting, though we could not find a nest, not even an old one.

Very common near the Hassi Rebib in the Oued Nea, east of Ghardaia. The

song is very powerful and pleasant. Nesting in the thick, almost impenetrable

Zizyphus-bushes, where several empty nests and one with naked young were found

on June 3.

51. Scotocerca inquieta saharae (Loche).

Of. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 510.

Noticed near Kef-el-Dor, south of Biskra, between Touggourt and Ouargla,

and from El-Arich to Bledet-Ahmar, in sandy and clayey steppe with Limoniastrum

and other thick bushes.

A nest with four fresh eggs was found at Arefidji, March 7, in a bush of

——— Se ae eee

(58)

Limoniastrum. These eges are rather small, the rufous spots small, but covering

nearly the whole egg, thongh more frequent round the larger pole, and measure

14:9 x 11:6, 14:2 x 11°6, 14-4 x 11°3, and 145 x 11:4 mm.

Another nest with three naked young and an addled egg was discovered on

June 11, also in a Limoniastrum, near El-Alia, The egg is larger and has larger

but fewer spots and patches round the thick end. It measnres 16 x 12 mm.

52. Crateropus fulvus fulvus (Desf.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p- 511.

Seen near Chegga, and in the Mzab country ; coming from the south, first met

with on May 24 near El-Hadadra, and common on the 25th between Oued el-Abiodh

and Bordj Gia. Adult birds shot on the 25th had their wings, tails and body

plumage already monulting.

In Ghardaia young birds were seen early in June. Plentiful in the Oued Nea,

but perhaps most numerons in the oasis of Ghardaia. We never saw one south of

Touggourt.

[ Turdus merula mauritanicus breeds in the oases of Biskra, but has not been

met with farther to the south. |

53. *“Monticola saxatilis (L.).

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 513.

A single male was seen and shot in the Oued Saret, 109 km, south of El-Golea,

on April 4, Wing 126°5 mm.

54. *Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe (L.).

(Saxicola oenanthe anct.)

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 513.

These birds migrate through the Sahara in great quantities. The first seen

were some awfully shy males near Ouargla. While at El-Golea, from March 27

to 30, Wheatears were extremely common. Hundreds were caught by the boys

for pleasure and food in American penny-traps, the same which one buys in the

ironmongers’ shops in England. Apparently it has been the habit to catch little

birds since times immemorial, but the original crude traps of palm-fibres or horse-

hair have been transplanted by the modern traps.

I heard it said by a Frenchman, that bird-catching should not be suppressed,

because the sparrows did so much damage to the crops, which is perfectly true ;

but the sparrows are much too clever to enter the traps often ; during our stay in

El-Golea one single sparrow got caught in a trap, and was promptly brought to me,

as it was known that we were in want of Sparrows, but all the birds caught in

great numbers were Wheatears, Pipits, and Yellow Wagtails, and occasionally a

Red-headed Shrike and a Swallow, the latter probably knocked down with a stick

or stone.

The specimens we examined and skinned all belonged to the typical

oenanthe.

After El-Golea 0. 0. oenanthe was several times observed along the Sonthern

Oued Mya, at In-Salah (April 17), and as late as May 5 in the Oued Mya,

( 54 )

[Oenanthe oenanthe leucorrhoa ((m.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p, 513.

Once, on April 10, when out with a butterfly-net to catch Preris and Euchloé,

1 saw a strikingly bright-coloured male with an almost pink chest and of great.

size ; close by were two O. o. oenanthe, and the bird was quite tame. I returned

soon after with a gun, but could not find the bird again. Ido not hesitate to say

that the bird must have been a specimen of 0. 0. leucorrhoa.]

55. Oenanthe deserti homochroa (Tristr.).

(Saxicola deserti auct.)

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 515.

In Eastern Algeria we found the Desert Wheatear not rare as far sonth as

Ngonssa, north of Onargla; a few were seen south of Onargla, March 14, and in

the “daya bou-Ziane,” April 1; in the Mzab country it was observed 50 to 60 km.

south of Ghardaia and east of that town, but it was commoner in the plain of

El-Arich and from El-Alia to Touggourt.

On June 11 some old birds were already monlting, while others had not yet

begun their moult.

56. “Oenanthe hispanica xanthomelaena (Hempr. & Ehr.).

(Saxicola “amphileuca” anct.)

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 516.

On March 26 and 27 common at El-Golea. A great many were seen on the

28th, but we were then already busy with arrangements for our departure sonth-

wards, and shot none. The number of migrants seen during these days was so

enormous that if was impossible to get series of each species, and we had to be

content with samples of each ; thus it came about that only three males were shot

and skinned, which are all three zanthomelaena, but two or three seen in the hands

of boys, with throats cut or quills pulled out, were of the same form.

Several O. hispunica were seen, but not collected, in the Southern Oued Mya

dnring the second week of April, and one in the Oued Saret on April 3; whether

they belonged to the eastern or western form (. 4. canthomelaena or O. h, hispanica)

T could not say.

57, Oenanthe moesta (Licht.).

(Saxicola moesta auct.)

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 516.

Again, as in 1909, we found this species by no means rare south of Biskra,

from north of Chegga to Tamerna, north of Touggourt, but we never saw one south

of that town,

On our journey from Ghardaia to Touggourt we came across a pair with young

‘on June 2, 25 km, east of Ghardaia.

58. Oenanthe lugens halophila (Tristr.).

Saxicola lugens halophita.

C£, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 517, Sia: : ae

Though occasionally seen along the edges of the sebchas and chotts, the chief

haunting-places of this Chat are bare hills with clayey slopes, but not rocks, though

we have also seen it in the hammada south of Ghardaia,

Ca)

Several pairs were observed, and one shot, on the clayey hills 23 km. south of

Onargla, side by side with Oe. leucopyga aegra, and again on the hills near the

Hassi el-Hadjar, on March 16.

59. Oenanthe leucopyga aegra subsp. nov.

(Saxicola leucopyga anct, part.)

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p- 518.

A renewed examination of our now good series of thirteen Algerian adult

males and seven adult females has altered my view, as expressed in Voy.

pal. Fauna i. p. 700. I find that the Western (Algerian) birds are distinctly

smaller, the wings of the males measuring 101—106, and once 107-5 mm., as

compared with 106—109 in thirteen Heyptian and Palestine birds in the Tring

Mnsenm. Connt Zedlitz (Journ. f. Orn. 1912, p. 560) gives even 105—113 for

thirteen specimens (¢ and ? !) from Palestine, Sinai, and Arabia, though only

97—103 for four (¢ $) Egyptian ones. Besides the thirteen skins with wings from

106—109 we have also one female from Abu Hamed in Nubia with a wing of

barely 96, but against this stands an Algerian female with a wing of only 92 mm. ;

hoth these birds are apparently young individuals, The other females from

Algeria have wings of 94-—100, once 100-5, against 101—102*5 mm. in five examples

from Egypt and Palestine.*

There is thus a marked difference in size, and, considering that 4 or 5 mm. is

a lot in small birds, and that their wings can be measured to a nicety, it is worth

while to distinguish the form found in Africa Minor by a special name, as above,

Type of O. leucopyga aegra: 3 peradultus Gara Klima, 10. ili, 1912, No. 206.

In Vig. d. pal. Fauna i. p. 700, footnote, I said that the wings of Egyptian

males reach a length upwards to 112 mm., but [ cannot now find such a large one,

and I am afraid that it was a mistake and should read 109; on the other hand

Zedlitz quotes 105—113 for Palestine and Sinai.

In Vog. pal. Fauna i. p. 700 I spoke of possible differences between the

birds from Egypt (Nubia) and those from Palestine. Count Zedlitz (l.c.) believes

apparently too that the latter form is larger. From the material now before me [|

cannot say if these forms are separable or not, but that does not, of course, affect

the status of O. 7. aegra. It strikes me that our Palestine series shows a fine

glossy blue-black plumage, while those from Nubia and Africa Minor are more

pure black, without a bluish sheen ; as, however, the Palestine birds are all shot in

November and on December 4, and our series from Egypt and Africa Minor consists

of birds collected from March 3 to June, I would like to see a series of Palestine

spring birds and Western autumn specimens before separating a third, Syrian race.

The extent of black on the rectrices varies, but females and young have

generally more.

O. leucopyga aegra was met with for the first time—one specimen only—on

the top of Gara Klima, on March 10. From the clay hills south of Ouargla (see

Plate IX. lower photograph) southwards these birds were seen in most suitable

localities ; they were very rare—in fact only one was seen once—in the immediate

neighbourhood of El-Golea, but they were common in the Southern Oued Mya

* Count Zedlitz (Journ. f. Orn. 1912, p. 359) accuses me of a clerical error in giving the measure-

ments of the bills as 20-24 mm., but my statements are perfectly correct, as I measured from the base of

the skull, as explained elsewhere,

(56 )

region. They are absent from the Erg and sandy plains, as well as from the Chotts

and Sebchas, as they require rocks, clay hills, steep banks of river-beds, or at least

a well for nesting.

We saw the last specimens on the southern escarpment of the plateau of

Tademait, two kilometres south of Ain Guettara.

Though a single bird would occasionally be shy, as a rule, in spring and

summer at least, these birds are very tame and confiding, and I have seen them

coming up within three or four yards (south of Ouargla and in the Oued Mya),

near the tent, or amusing themselves with a date-stone or picking off flies from

an empty sardine-tin. In the south they were, with the exception of the quieter

and less confiding Ammomanes deserti mya, the only singing birds; they surpassed

in beauty many gaily coloured birds, and one did not like to shoot them, though

they were common enough. I cannot quite understand how Mr. Spatz can describe

these birds as rather shy.

It was of course our great desire to find the eggs of these birds, It is most

extraordinary that the nests are so difficult to find. Zedlitz describes this (Journ.

SF. Orn. 1912, pp. 560, 561), and we too have several times searched in yain for

hours for nests that we knew must be there. We have, however, found many

old nests, and others with young birds, as well as some eggs, at last. A ready-

made nest without eggs was found on March 10, another on the 20th, on the rocks

called ‘ Djorf-el-Bagra.”

On March 31 our luck seemed to have come. In the well called Hassi

Marroket I located, after some quiet waiting—the old birds having been made

shy by the noisy taking of water for men and camels—a nest in one of the crevices

between the stones of the wall, about 24 m. from the edge; before the hole had

been located, Hilgert was let down and unintentionally dipped in the water, but

he operated on a wrong cleft; afterwards Ahmed-ben-Naili descended on a rope,

and he brought out the two eggs with great difficulty, bat to our disgust he cracked

one, and they were so near being hatched ont and so brittle, that only one could

be half-way saved.

It was surprising to me that we found no nest at Fort Miribel. An old nest

was discovered in a loophole of one of the houses; but in spite of honrs spent in

search, no nest was found in the valley, where a pair was observed coming and

going. Empty nests, mostly last year’s, were several times seen among the rocks

on the banks of the Southern Oued Mya, but not until April 30 was another clatch

found. It consisted of three eggs ; but they were so hard-set that only two could

be saved, and those with huge holes, the embryos being cut out.

The next day our efforts were at last rewarded, as we found a nest with three

nearly fresh eggs. The eggs are not blue, but of a glossless white with or without

the faintest bluish hue, not so blue even as the palest eggs of Oenanthe leucura.

The six eggs which I can measure are 22 x 16:1, 22 x 15:9, 22 x 16, 23 x 16-7,

22°5 x 162, and 22 x 164mm. Small rusty red spots are more or less confined

to a zone around the large end, while some show distinctly underlying pale bluish-

grey spots. Two faded eggs from an old nest found by Hilgert are smaller, and

have much larger spots, but their identity could of course not be proved. The

nest is always placed in holes or crevices of rocks, steep banks, or in walls of

wells, round gardens, or of buildings. There is mostly a long and often wide path

of flat stones laid out in front, if the nest stands far in, but this is entirely absent

if the hole is not deep, as in the case of the one with three eggs found on May 1,

(57)

and the one down the well of Marroket. The nest consists of fine stems of various

small plants, pieces of wool and hair, outside some thicker stems and fibres, and

is laid out with hair and wool of sheep and hares. The number of eggs is usually

three, but sometimes two only.

The young bird appears to have always a black crown, at least we have never

seen one with even one white feather on the head ; the central rectrices have white

ends, the lateral ones apparently always black spots ; the plumage is dull sooty

blackish, with brownish-white tips to the feathers of the abdomen and whitish

tips to the larger upper wing-coverts. Our recent observations have convinced us

that, in fact, the majority of old birds put on a white cap. Most of the entirely

black-headed birds we shot have brownish quills, showing that they are only birds

of last year; south of El-Golea we have only once seen black-crowned birds —

7.¢. a pair not far from Hassi Marroket. Near Ghardaia, however, such specimens

were not rarely observed, but very few seem to breed in that plumage and to

be really quite old birds; in the few cases where black-headed birds had paired

and bred the male as well as the female had black heads, as observed by Koenig

long before us.

60. *Saxicola torquatus rubicola (1.).

(Pratincola rubicola auct.)

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 519.

We only recognised a single individual on April 12, in the Southern Oued Mya

region, which was uot shot.

Evidently the Stonechat is not a common, and perhaps not even regular,

migrant through the Sahara, but appears to winter principally in the northern

parts of Algeria, and in Africa Minor generally, also in Egypt.

Reichenow, Vig. A/r. iii. p. 732, records only the following localities in tropical

Africa: Beni-Amer, teste Heuglin, Kikuju and Nandi (specimens collected by

Dr. Ansorge in Tring), Naiwasha Lake, collected by Fischer, Senegal, according

to statement of Swainson, and Fernand Vaz (Gaboon), teste Marche and Comp.

61. *Saxicola rubetra spatai Eri.

(Pratincola rubetra spate auct.)

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 519.

Was observed frequently passing through the Sahara from April 12 to the end

of that month, and even as late as May 12 and 16 several specimens were observed

and two females shot on the 12th, no male being seen that day.

The four specimens which we collected (15. iv., 30. iv., 12. vy.) are all of the

pale form called S, 7. spatz/, like all those shot in Algeria in former years.

62. *Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus (L.).

Cf. Nor. Zool, xviii, p- 519.

On March 20, about 184 km. south of Onargla, an old male was observed,

and a fair number were frequenting the gardens of El-Golea from March 27 to 30,

After that a few were seen on April 30 in the Southern Mya, on May 1 in the same

region, on May 14 and 17 in the gardens of El-Golea, and on June 4 in the bushes

of the Oned Nea.

The specimens collected at El-Golea are typical ?. p. phoenicurus.

(58 )

63. "Diplootocus moussieri (Olphe-Galliard),

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 520,

This beautiful bird is not a real Saharan species, though it winters in the

northern desert. We saw a few between Biskra and Touggourt, and shot an adult

male at Kef-el-Dor February 22.

64. “Luscinia megarhyncha Brehm.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 520.

Three single specimens were recognised : Southern Oued Mya April 7, Igosten

April 15, In-Salah April 17.

65. Chelidon rustica rustica (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 521,

The Common Swallow passes through the Sahara in considerable numbers,

though we have never seen a great many together.

The first Swallows, which also in the Northern Sahara are harbingers of

spring, were hailed on March 9 in Onargla, and after that again on the 14th.

A number were seen in El-Golea from March 26 to 30, and a few, here and there,

all the way down to In-Salah, where they flitted ronnd the villages as long as we

were there.

On the return journey a few were observed almost every day, and they were

common in El-Golea May 14 to 17. After that a few were seen almost daily up

to June 5, and on the 6th in Guerrara.

In Temacin and Touggourt Swallows are nesting, as well as in Biskra, but not

in very great numbers.

66. "Hirundo urbica urbica L.

Cf. Vog. pal. Fauna i. p. 807.

Our common House-Martin passed through the Sahara in great numbers.

They were numerous in the gardens of El-Golea during the last week in March,

and also about the middle of May, though not nesting there. A few were seen

at various times in the Southern Oued Mya region and at In-Salah, April

17 to 22. :

North of El-Golea, towards the end of May and in June, a few were observed

here and there—the last on June 6, in Guerrara—where, however, no nests conld

be traced.

Apparently the majority of all these birds were typical wrdiea, as shown by a

few which we shot.

66a. “Hirundo urbica meridionalis Hart.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 522.

A dead bird was picked np on April 12, north of Ain Gnettara, which by the

shortness of its wing (barely 104 mm.) appeared to be of this race.

67. *Riparia riparia riparia (1.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 522.

Sand-Martins were observed during our first stay in El-Golea, March 26 to 28,

and again as quite common from May 13 to 17. A few were seen during the second

week of April in the southernmost Oued Mya region.

(59 )

We were anxiously looking ont for any resident Swallows in the south.

Rohlfs, who—though without any knowledge of zoology—was a most trustworthy

explorer, says in his work, Reise durch Marokko, etc., 1868, p. 143, and 2nd edition,

1869, p. 164, that in the oases of Tuat a kind of House Swallow was sedentary,

winter and summer, which had a square tail and grey plumage. There was no sign

of such a bird in Tidikelt, and I was assured that all kinds of Swallows were only

known as migrants in autumn and spring. I suppose Rohlfs saw Sand-Martins,

and was wrongly informed that they bred in the oases.

68. Apus murinus brehmorum Hart. (?)

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 523.

We saw a few Swifts only, in two places: at Guerrara and at El-Alia, 80 km,

south of Touggourt.

In the first place three or four were seen just before dusk over the town, and

a pair next day on some rocks east of the place, of which we succeeded in shooting

one, on June 7, Half a dozen or so caught insects at Hl-Alia, 80 km. south of

Tonggourt, on June 9, in the late afternoon, and of these too we were able to get

one. We cannot doubt that the latter were nesting near by, and we are sure that

the pair of June 7 nested somewhere on the rocks.

None were seen afterwards, except at Biskra, where dozens came on certain

evenings and flew round the huge chimney of the electric works, near the

station.

The two we skinned are so pale that they could be taken for A. m. murinis,

and the one from El-Alia is lighter than the Guerrara specimen. One from

Cape Blanco (south of Rio de Oro) and three from the plain south of Biskra

are equally pale, while one from Alger is much darker! Perhaps more material

will prove that the birds breeding south of the Atlas are all paler, and either

A. m. murinus or an intermediate form ?

69. *Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis Hart.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 523.

A single male was found in the gardens of Hl-Golea on May 14. It belongs

to the pale Mediterranean form, though the wing measures 18!) mm.

A male was seen at Igosten on April 23, which looked very black and large,

and of which I have no doubt that it was C. e. ewropaeus. [saw it on a palm-leaf

close to me, but it was afterwards so shy that I could not get near enough to shoot

it with the small walking-stick gun, which was generally sufficient for collecting

in the gardens, where firing with a twelve-bore was not desirable, because the shot

damaged the dates and the noise frightened young and old.

70. *Caprimulgus ruficollis desertorum [rl.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 523.

There must have been quite a migration through the Sahara towards the

middle of May.

A female was found in the open stony desert on May 11, 48 km. south of

El-Golea, a male flew round the camp on the 12th, 29 km. south of Hl-Golea,

and another male was shot in the gardens of that oasis on the 14th. None were

seen in the Oned Nea, and there can be little doubt that this species does not breed

in the desert.

( 60 )

71. Caprimulgus aegyptius saharae Erl.

Cf, Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 524.

Although a typical Saharan form, this bird does not, during breeding-time,

reach very far south into the desert. The southernmost places where it was

found were the Oued Nea, between Ghardaia and Guerrara, and the sand district

of El-Arich, where it appeared to be common, as we saw a number of young

birds, though, by ill luck, no adult bird was there procured. A fine adult male,

however, was shot on June 11, 40 km. south of Touggourt, between Hassi Dinar

and Bledet-Ahmar; this bird was still in beautiful plumage, though the body-

feathers were already in moult.

Near Bledet-Ahmar is also the southernmost place where this Goatsucker had

hitherto been found, by Koenig.

The young birds—fully fledged Jane 4, Oued Nea—so closely resemble the

adult birds that they cannot be distinguished when flashed ont of the desert

erass; the blackish markings are everywhere finer, less sharply defined, the

white patches on the sides of the throat only indicated, otherwise there are no

differences in coloration.

Quite a number of Goatsuckers got up before the diligence during our

night drive from Tongyourt to Biskra, especially north of Mraier, which could not

have been anything else than C. ae. saharae, their pale sandy plumage being very

noticeable in the faint moonlight. On June 17, when coming up from Touggourt

with the camels, Ahmed-ben-Naili found a clutch of two eggs, of which he un-

fortunately broke one. The remaining one closely resembles the two I found in

1909, and measures 32°1 x 22°5 mm.

72. *Coracias garrulus garrulus L.

Of. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 525,

Only single specimens observed in the Oned Nea on June 4, at El-Golea on

May 16, and near the oasis of Sebseb on May 27, but always so shy that we were

not able to shoot one.

75. Merops apiaster L.

Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii, p. 524.

Only a few times did we observe Bee-eaters in the sonth: on April 8 in the

Southern Oued Mya, and on April 17 and 18 at In-Salah. Neither here nor there

were they nesting, but in the Oned Nea a few were seen which seemed to have

their nests on the steep banks.

74. Merops persicus chrysocercus Cab. & Heine.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 524, pl. ix.

Nesting on the steep banks of the Oued Nea. On June 5 a clutch of five

eggs was taken, but they were so much incubated that only three could be saved.

On June 6a full clutch of five, almost fresh, was dug ont, while in another hole

young birds were already found. The holes were about a metre deep, One old

bird was shot for identification of the eggs.

The latter measure 26 x 21:1, 25 x 21, 25 x 21°4; 23:5 x 21:7, 23:2 x 22,

23:7 xX 22, 208 & 22, and 23° x 21:6 mm.

ee ee a

(61 )

75. Upupa epops epops L.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 525.

During our first stay in El-Golea a few Hoopoes were seen in the gardens, and

ov March 30 a great number were observed, flocks of five and six, and once twenty-

five or thirty together—altogether we must have seen fifty or sixty within half

an hour, in and about the outskirts of El-Golea. A few were seen on April 12

(Oued Mya), doubtless on migration. On June 6 I observed a pair (or at least

two) in the gardens of Guerrara, and I have little doubt that they were nesting

there.

76. *Jynx torquilla torquilla L.

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 526.

March 27 at El-Golea; April 13, Southern Oued-Mya; April 17, In-Salah—the

latter not shot.

[We searched in vain for Bubo ascalaphus ou Gara Klima, where Koenig’s

brother-in-law shot one. Several crevices and small caves were investigated and

possible castings found, but neither here uor elsewhere, in spite of much search, did

we come across any Hagle-owls. |

77. Tyto alba alba (Scop.).

Only heard and seen on the mosque in Touggourt, where we could not

shoot it.

78. Athene noctua saharae Kleinschm.

Since writing about these Little Owls in Nor. Zool. xviii. p. 529, with Mr.

Rothschild, I have reconsidered their status with the help of a very rich material,

and come to the conclusion that the southern form, from south of the Atlas,

must be separated from that inhabiting the northern portions of Africa Minor.

These Owls, so common in some parts of Algeria, are rare and local in the

actual Sahara. They were, however, not rare in the Oued Nea, where independent

young birds flew about already at the beginning of June.

We were especially interested in these and all other Owls, and did not often

go to sleep with the fowls, as we generally watched the lamp to catch moths long

after dusk. We saw, however, none of these Owls farther southwards, except

once in the Oned Mya, near Tilmas Djilrhempt, on May 2; even there only

this one bird was observed and shot, which was evidently a last year’s bird,

and has a very short wing of 150 mm. The unmistakable note was also heard

on May 24, at the Oued-el-Abiodh.

79. *“Asio flammeus flammeus (Pontopp.).

(Asio accipitrinus act.)

A single bird was seen sitting high up on a tamarisk bush in the desert,

80 km. south of El-Golea, April 2. It is in a peculiar plumage, the tail and

secondaries being strongly worn, while the primaries, scapulars, and body plumage

are very fresh.

( 62 )

80. Otus scops scops (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 530.

When we came to Touggourt, where these Owls were common in April 1909,

we looked ont in vain for them, and we saw none in Ouargla, where we were

told that they did not occur. In El-Golea, however, they were exceedingly

common during our stay in March. On some days there must have been dozens

in the officers’ gardens alone, sometimes four and five were found in one tree,

and they sat even on small trees in the courtyard of the fort. At night they

were very noisy; in addition to its single-noted melancholy call, which resembles

that of Bombinator igneus and Alytes, one heard a louder, gayer one, and

sometimes one or two syllables, reminding one of the note of an Athene.

In the Southern Oned Mya the remains of a Scops Owl which had evidently

been eaten by a bird of prey were found.

When we came back to El-Golea, late in May, our friends had gone, though

a single pair was at last heard in the oasis, where it nested, no doubt. We

are not sure if these Owls nest in Ghardaia, as we did not visit the far-off oasis

by night, but none were heard near the hotel and fortress.

In the Oued Nea they were rare, but a nest was found with three hard-set

eggs in a hole of a huge Terebinth-tree on June 4.

81. Gyps fulvus (Gm.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 530.

We saw a single specimen sailing along the mountain range east of Ghardaia

on June 2. Both Hilgert and I had a good look at it through our glasses, so

that our identification was absolutely certain.

[We were very disappointed not to see a sign of any other large Vultures

in the Sahara. Paul Spatz, however, brought home four eggs taken in Mareh

1898 at a place called Hl-Anagied, said to be about a hundred miles 8.8.B. of

Bir Aouine in the Tunisian desert. He was not allowed to proceed farther than

Bir Aouine, but he sent his shikari Ali there, who brought the four eggs, but

unfortunately no remains of the parent birds. The eggs are in the Erlanger

Collection in Ingelheim. They are spotted, and agree with many eggs of Aegypius

monachus* (L.), though they are not as thick and as richly marked as some

of the eggs of the latter species. They measure 88 x 71, 91 x 69, 96° x 65, and

96 x 65°5 mm. There is therefore no reason why they should not be the eggs

of Aegypius monachus (1i.), though those of Ofogyps auricularis are apparently

very similar in size and markings. In no case can they be anything else than

Aegypius, or possibly Otogyps. |

82. Neophron percnopterus percnopterus (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 531.

Scarce in the Sahara, bat single specimens seen at intervals as far south as

the southernmost Oued Mya, where, however, one or two young birds only were

observed, one of which was at last shot.

* Hitherto called Vultwr monachus, but in no case can this species be looked upon as the type of

“ Vultur,” as it was not included in the genus when that was first established, in 1758,

( 63 )

[Gypactus barbatus atlantis was not observed south of El-Kantara and Biskra,

and cannot be called an inhabitant of the real Sahara. The same is to be said

of Aguila chrysactus. |

83. Buteo ferox cirtensis (Lev.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. XViil. p. 535.

Observed as far south as Ain Guettara, where also old nests were found.

Entirely restricted to mountainous places with high and steep cliffs. Young

birds about half-grown were brought to El-Golea on May 17. A nest with young

was discovered on the 20th, which was easily accessible. It contained two young,

almost ready to leave the nest. An old bird, which to our great surprise was

found to be a male, was shot while bringing food. Though Hilgert sat well

concealed in 2 hut built of stones and Retam branches until dusk, no other bird

appeared; we therefore supposed that the female had perished, as it could not

have been such a bad mother as to leave the young alone from 11 a.m. till 8 o'clock

at night. Of the young ones, we skinned one, the largest, and kept the smaller

one alive. Together with a young Falcon and another Buzzard which we had

brought with us from El-Golea, it gave us much amusement. The Buzzards

were fierce and obstinate; they refused food for a few days, threw themselves

on the back and fought with their claws when one approached them ; they were

wide-awake and active, running away in the open desert and climbing rocks when

near the tent; they also tried to rob the Falcon of its food, but they were generally

silent. The Falcon, on the other hand, was gentle and tame, fed the first day

we had him, and kept up a loud cry often for hours. As a rale they did not

drink, but during the broiling hot days of the second half of May they began

eagerly to drink and to bathe, like the Falcon, when opportunity was given.

We shot two old males, one with the uniform reddish tail of an adult bird,

though there is a greyish tinge at the base; the other with a faint subterminal

blackish bar and traces of bars on the outer pair of rectrices.

The young birds resemble the adalt ones in the blackish brown upperside

with wide rufous edges to the feathers; the underside is cinnamon-buff, with wide

brown streaks on the sides of the breast; tail rufous, widely barred with blackish

brown.

84. Milvus korschun korschun (Gm.).

Of, Nov. Zool. xvii. p. 536.

Found in the desert wherever hills and rocks are near, as far south as the

southernmost Oued Mya, but everywhere very scarce, and generally seen singly

or in pairs.

Three eggs were taken on a clay hill with a steep escarpment near the Hassi

el-Hadjar, between Ouargla and El-Golea, already hard-set, on March 17. An

adult male was shot in the southernmost bend of the Oued Mya.

85. *Circus macrourus (Gin.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 536.

I do not remember having seen this Harrier more than once—?e. April 3,

1912, when one or two were seen hunting Short-toed Larks in the Oued Saret.

I shot one, which, though cinnamon underneath and earth-brown above, proved

to be a male, with very small, narrow, elongated testicles,

( 64 )

86. (?") Circus aeruginosus (L.).

C£. Nov. Zool. xviii. p, 536.

Several specimens were seen on the lake at El-Golea on March 26, and

again, apparently a pair, on May 16, which might have had their nest in the

impenetrable reeds.

87. Circaétus gallicus (Gm.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 537,

On June 4 I found a hnge nest on an old Terebinth-tree, close to another

big empty nest, on which a Short-toed Eagle was sitting very close, -hatching

an addled egg. The bird proved to be a male.

A single bird was clearly observed at Sebseb, 51 km. south of Ghardaia.

88. Falco tinnunculus L.

C£. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 538,

Two Kestrels, evidently migrating, were seen on March 14. A single female

was observed at Igosten on April 15, aud again—possibly the same bird—at

In-Salah, where also the remains of a dead specimen were found.

A nest with four eggs (hard-set) was found in the wall of the ruined old

Berber town above the abattoirs of Ghardaia on May 30, and another with

half-grown young the following day. On the latter the female was caught with

the hand.

Evidently nesting also in Guerrara (seen 6. vi. 1912), Touggourt (12. vi.),

Mraier and Biskra.

89. Falco biarmicus erlangeri Kleinschm,

Cf, Nov. Zool, Xviil. p- 538.

This beautiful Falcon ranges from El-Kantara, where it nests, south to Ain

Guettara, where a pair was observed on April 27. It occurs, naturally, only where

rocks afford opportunity for nesting. It does not, however, cling to inaccessible,

huge cliffs, but most of the nests we found were accessible without ropes, some

easily, others not without difficulty. On May 21 Hilgert discovered a nest with

half-grown young on a cliff not more than four metres in height, and barely three

above the ground. Throngh a mishap the old bird escaped us, but a female, off

eggs, was shot on April 9 in the southernmost Oued Mya, and an adult male in

the same region on May 4. A young bird was killed in the Oued Nea, June 4.

A clutch of two, one hard-set, the other damaged, was taken, 9. iv.; another

of two, almost fresh, on April 11. The eggs are placed in small caves, always

protected from above, on the bare rock, and the nest is visible by the white

excrements.

These birds are very shy, and so are the Buzzards even there in those solitudes,

where they are rarely molested.

The plumage and eggs will be described in my forthcoming part of the

Vog. d. pal. Fauna.

90, *Ardeola ralloides ralloides (Scop.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 539.

Observed, but not obtained, at El-Golea, March 26.

( 65 )

91. Ixobrychus minutus (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 539. (Sub nomine: Ardetia minuta.)

A female shot, and another specimen seen, Hl-Golea, May 15.

92. *Kgretta garzetta garzetta (L.).

Cf. Loche, Expl, Scient. Algérie, Ois. ii, p. 183: Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvi. p. 119.

Captain Charlet sent me a specimen from In-Salah, obtained in the autumn

of 1912.

93. (*?) Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 539.

Twice seen on May 16, at El-Golea.

94. *Ciconia ciconia ciconia (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 539.

On February 9 we witnessed the arrival of the first Stork, in the early

morning; on the same day a flock of probably sixty or eighty was seen from the

train in the plain of El]-Outaya, near Biskra.

A single stork, dirty and dishevelled, was observed at Igosten, April 15, and

another—perhaps the same—at In-Salah on the 22nd.

The most interesting and almost incredible information about a flight of storks

is contained in a letter by Capitaine Charlet, dated In-Salah, 19. viii. 1912.

The Captain writes: “The heat this year has been quite uncommon. The

natives whom I saw the other day at Aoulef told me that they never witnessed

it like that before; the dates are quite hardened, which means a great loss

to them.

“ The natives have succeeded in catching at Inrhar, 60 km. from here, in one

week over 500 Storks, which descended half-dead from thirst near the water-

basins in the gardens! They reckon that it is a gift of heaven to compensate

them for the loss of their date-crop, and eat greedily this game of a novel

description.”

I need not emphasize the interest attached to this communication. I gather

from it, that such quantities of storks do not, as a rule, visit Tidikelt ; why they

should have been half-starved or weakened from thirst is difficult to understand, as

the exceptional heat of last summer did not extend north of the Atlas, and I doubt

if it takes a stork longer than a day to fly from the Atlas to Inrhar. What

astonishes me most is the early date of this ‘invasion of storks—in August, as the

letter was written August 19! I wrote at once, asking if any rings had been

found on the legs, as it would be of great interest to know whence these storks

had come, and if any were “ marked,” but so far the answer has not arrived.

95. *Plegadis falcinellus (1..).

of. Nov. Zool, XViil. p. 541.

An adult male, with testicles of the size of a small hazel-nut (17 mm, long),

shot at El-Golea, 28, ili, 1912,

( 66 )

96. *Phoenicopterus roseus Pall.

Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii, p. 541.

On February 20 we found three dead Flamingoes near Bordj Saada, which had

struck the telegraph-wires a few days before. According to information of some

Frenchmen and Arabs hundreds of Flamingoes were observed in March on the

Chott near Mraier.

97. “Anas crecca crecca L.

Cf, Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 542.

One examined while it was being plucked for the kitchen, at Ouargla on

March 8. Said to be common at times at Ouargla and Hl-Golea, on passage.

98. “Anas querquedula L.

Cf. Cat. B. Brit, Mus. xxvii. p. 293 (* Querquedula circia”) ; Loche, Expl, Scient. Algérie, Ois. ii.

p. 376 (Pterocyanea circia).

One shot at Ouargla, March 9, when three or four others were seen, and

another examined there a day or two after, which was shot by the hotel-

keeper.

Many Ducks of various kinds visit the Chotts near Onargla and elsewhere, and

still more, apparently, the lake at El-Golea, but we were too late in the latter place

for them ; their shooting requires time, as they are generally very wild and every

sportsman is after them. Some ducks seen at a distance at Hl-Golea in March

appeared to be Anas penelope.

99. Columba livia livia L.

Cf, Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 543,

Not found among the mountains of the central Sahara, where we visited them.

The southernmost place where we saw any was at Sebseb, May 26, where there

were a good many, of which a young bird was obtained.

Also seen at Ghardaia.

100, Streptopelia turtur arenicola (Hurt. L.).

(? Partim !)

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 543. ;

Turtle-doves were once seen at In-Salah and at Igosten, where a male was

shot, which is so dark that I cannot say that it differs from S. ¢. turtwr of Central

Europe; it is, however, a bit greasy, and fat darkens the colours very much; it

was shot from a flock of five or six; and its testicles were 2 cm. long and 6 mm.

thick.

A number of Turtle-doves were seen at El-Golea in May, and a few single

ones on passage north of In-Salah and in the Southern Oued Mya, on April 25

and 28, and May 5, also on May 8, but none could be shot.

A single adult male, with enlarged testicles, was killed 76 km. south of

Ghardaia.

Many breed at Ghardaia, Touggourt, Mraier and Biskra, evidently also at

Guerrara, where a ? was shot on June 7, which is somewhat dark for arenicola,

but not quite dark enough for S. 4, turtur.

CSF)

101. Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiacus (Luth.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 543,

Great numbers nest in the oases of Ghardaia, and they are by no means rare in

Guerrara and Ouargla, nor yet in Touggourt, Mraier and Biskra,

They are, however, absent from El-Golea and In-Salah. This is very

interesting, as it proves that the distribution of this tropical Dove has not taken

place through the Sahara, but by way of the coast, #7 Marocco.

102. Pterocles alchata alchata (L.).

C£. Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 544.

Hundreds passed over the desert in the morning and evening south of Biskra,

and especially near Nca ben Rzig, where we shot several on February 25.

Apparently confined to the northern desert.

103. Pterocles senegallus (L.).

C£. Nov. Zool, xviii, p. 544.

This species goes evidently farthest south in the Sahara. We saw thousands

coming from the Chott near Ket-el-Dor, south of Biskra, and they were common

near Ouargla, in March. A few were seen near El-Golea, and a female shot on

May 16. At certain times they are said to appear in great numbers near El-Golea.

We were disappointed not to come across a breeding-place between Ghardaia and

Touggourt, where none were observed.

(There can be little doubt that Daubenton’s “ Gélinote du Sénégal,” on which

the name “ senegallus” is based, never come from the Senegal,| though a closer

exploration of the Senegal is still a desideratum.)

104. Caccabis petrosa spatzi Rchw.

Cf. Nov. Zool, xviii. p, 544.

Very common in the Oued Nea, where they had half-grown and two-thirds-

grown young during the first week of June. It is also found in the river-beds south

of Ghardaia, as far south as the Oued el-Abiodh, where we came across it for the

first time on June 25, coming from El-Golea. They had there already about half-

grown young. Also found in small numbers near El-Kantara, where one was

obtained this year; this specimen is a shade more greyish than the others, but this

is probably due to the wonderful freshness of its plumage, as it was shot three aud

a half months earlier.

105. *Coturnix coturnix coturnix (L.).

C£. Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 545.

We had expected to see much of the migration of (Juails, but this was not the

case. There were Quails about Hl-Golea in March, but as they were hidden in the

fresh fields, which we did not like to enter, we did not shoot any.

A single one was met with in the Southern Oued Mya region, on April 9,

( 68 )

106. (?*) Fulica atra (1.).

Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii, p. 545.

Several Coots were seen on the lake of El-Golea, where they are said to be

resident and breeding, since some years.

107. *Megalornis grus grus (1.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p, 546.

Cranes flew overhead, londly calling, on February 20, in the evening at 7.30 and

at 8 o'clock.

108. Houbara undulata undulata (Jacquin).

CE, Nov, Zool, xviii. p. 546.

Ranges from Biskra south to the valley of El-Meksa in the Erg-bent-Chaouli,

south of El-Golea, and perhaps even farther southwards,

On March 31 some adult birds were shot, and four nestlings canght 46 km.

south of El-Golea, near the Hassi Okseibat, on a sandy plain with many stones and

a good deal of fine vegetation. The first down is above of a pale cream-colour, more

white on neck, head and rump, with rufons-brown patches and black lines, under-

neath white with rusty rufous markings and a few blackish lines on the throat.

The iris is dull pale orange-brown, feet yellowish green, bill horn-black with white

point on tip of culmen. The next moult brings forth, on the upperside, cinnamon-buff

with black fringes and slate-coloured bases.

109. Burhinus (Oedicnemus) oedicnemus saharae Rchw. (?).

Cf, Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 547; Mandl. Brit. B. p. 163.

We only came across this species on two occasions. <A single bird was seen on

April 29 in a small oued just north of Ain Guettara, and promptly shot. Two birds

were seen at sunset on June 4 near the Hassi Rebib in the Oued Nea, east of

Ghardaia, of which one was secured. These two birds, together with one from

Tilrhempt (between Ghardaia and Laghonat), shot April 14, 1911, are more reddish

cinnamon and not quite so pale as our series from Tunisia, Biskra, and Marocco

north of the Atlas. It is, therefore, quite possible that another more central

Saharan form is separable again from 0. 0. sakarae, but I cannot venture to make

this separation on the present scanty series of only three examples. ‘Traces of these

birds were seen near El-Meksa, south of El-Golea.

110, *Glareola pratincola pratincola (L.).

C£. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 548.

A flock of five was seen on the edge of the lake at El-Golea, of which I was

able to shoot a female,

111. Cursorius gallicus gallicus (Gm.).

Cf. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 548.

Often seen between Biskra, Touggourt and Onargla, also half-way between

Ouargla and El-Golea. On May 24, between Hl-Hadadra and the Oued el-Abiodh,

we again came across this beautiful bird, and afterwards saw it east of Guerrara, at

Kl-Arich and El-Alia,

(699)

112. *Charadrius dubius Scop.

CE. Nov. Zool. Xviii. p. 548.

March 3 near Temacin ; 9th aud 11th, Ouargla.

113. Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus L.

GE; Nov. Zool. XViii. p- 548,

We found this bird both times common near Temacin, and on June 11, at

Bledet-Ahmar, young birds were flying about together with old ones.

114. *Gallinago gallinago gallinago (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 548.

Near E]-Golea, March 27 and 28.

115. *Limnocryptes gallinula (1.).

Cf. Loche, Expl. Scient. Algérie, Ois. ii. p, 298.

Distinctly recognised at Hl-Golea 27. iii. 1912.

116. *Machetes pugnax (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 549.

In small flocks on the Chott near Ouargla on March 9, 1912.

117. *Tringa (Totanus or Actitis anct.) hypoleuca L.

Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 549.

Not rare at El-Golea towards the end of March, and two or three on May 15.

118. *Tringa (Totanus auct.) glareola L.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p, 549.

El-Golea, March 28.

119. *Tringa (Totanus auct.) stagnatilis (Bechst.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 549.

Ouargla, March 11; El-Golea, March 28 and May 15,

120. *Tringa (Totanus auct.) ocrophus L.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 549.

El-Golea, March 28 and May 15.

121. *Tringa (Totanus auct.) nebularia (Gunner).

Cf. Loche, Expl. Scient. Algérie, Ois. ii. p. 316, sub nomine Glottis canescens.

Onargla, March 11.

122. *Hydrochelidon leucoptera (T'emm.).

Cf. Loche, Expl. Scient, Algérie, Ois. ii, p. 207, sub nomine Wydrochelidon nigra.

One female, El-Golea, May 15,

( 70 )

123. *Colymbus ruficollis ruficollis Pall.

Of, Nor, Zool. xviii. p. 550, no. 230; Mandl. Brit. B. p. 158, no, 340.

Hilgert saw one or two on the Lake of E1-Golea on May 15,

[Alcatorda L.

Cf. Loche, Hwpl. Scient, Algérie, Ois. ii. p. 210.

The Razorbill is rare on the Algerian coast, but M. André Théry shot two

specimens off Sidi Ferruch, near Alger, in January 1911, which his son kindly

presented to us. |

124. Struthio camelus L.

The Ostrich has entirely disappeared from Algeria, The dates of its extinction

do not appear to be known, I have been told that a book by the late General

Marguerite, entitled Mes Chasses en Algérie, contains interesting notes on the

destruction of the Ostriches on the “ Hants Plateaux,” but so far I have not been

able to see this book.

In Tristram’s time (é.e. 54 years ago) the Ostrich was still common near

Tilrhempt, which appears to have been one of its principal and last strongholds in

Algeria ; and on the Oned Nea, east of Ghardaia, where—apparently at the present

Hassi Rebib—the Addax nasomaculata was also seen at that time. At that time if

seems also to have lived between Ouargla and Touggourt.

At the present day only pieces of egg-shells may be found in Algeria and in all

the desert, as far as we have visited it. It is quite certain that no ostrich has lived

for some time back even as far south as Tidikelt ; and, according to information from

M. Brand at In-Salah, it is now even absent from Air (Asben), and not found north

of Damerghu, about half-way between Air and Kano, where it still abounds. While

we were at El-Golea, two ostriches were brought there and taken to Ghardaia ; they

came from Timbuetu, I was told.

Another question is: were ostriches ever found in the bare Erg or in all the

country south of Ouargla, where vegetation is absent, scarce, or intermittent, as in

the Oued Mya? Can the pieces of egg-shells that we find at present be taken as an

indication of their former occurrence ?

We have found egg-shells from the sands between Oumach and Mouleina (near

Biskra) and the sands between El-Oued and Tonggourt to El-Meksa and the Brg-

bent-Chaonli, and also some at Foggaret-es-Zoua, the northernmost of the Tidikelt

oases.

What struck us, however, was the fact that they were nearly always found in

the depressions, which contained wells, and which are probably very ancient resting-

places of caravans. I do not doubt that wells have been in much the same places,

and caravans have rested there 2000 years ago, as they do nowadays, becanse the

nature of the country demands it ; and together with eggs of the present Ostrich are

found those of Psammornis rothschildi, the extinct Giant Ostrich, and also, sometimes,

pierced pieces of shells used for necklaces and pieces of flint-implements, mostly

little spear-heads,

There is little indication of the age of these egg-fragments, and whether those

found together with flint implements are of a similar age to the latter ; bat probably

(71)

they are more recent, though the end of the stone age in the Central Sahara would

probably have been much more recent than in Europe. Ostrich-eggs have doubtless

always been objects of a certain value and of barter. They could and can be carried

for weeks fresh to eat, and would be taken to the camp to be cooked. The empty

shells are useful for ornament, and used to be placed on houses, graves and mosques

(see Tristram, Jdis, 1860, p. 75), and necklaces are made from small pieces. Most

of the pieces of necklaces are more or less round (fig. 1): others square (fig. 2).

Go OS

Fie. 2.

Similar necklaces of ostrich egg-shells are nowadays worn by the native women

in German South-West Africa.

The most recent egg-pieces we found were those which Mr. Rothschild and I

picked up between El-Oned and Tonggourt, in 1909; in fact, these are so fresh and

well-preserved, even in colour, that they might be only a few years old. Somewhat

older and more coffee-brown on both sides are those found by Carlo von Erlanger

in 8.E. Tunisia; and still older, more or less brown and half-fossilised, the upper

surface deeply pitted, are those we collected in the Erg-bent-Chaonli, near El-

Meksa. Hilgert found some south of Biskra, which appear to be of various ages ;

they were partly put together in little heaps, apparently by children, and left or

forgotten. Fragments from Foggaret-es-Zoua (Tidikelt) are very different : they

are worn quite thin, and the edges rounded off; the different appearance is

probably due to the very different, much coarser sand of Tidikelt.

That the colour is due to the influence of the atmosphere is shown by some

pieces in which the underside, which was turned upwards, is brown, while the

upperside had remained light, others being brown above and light below, or brown

or light above and below.

125. Psammornis rothschildi Andrews.

Andrews, Verh. V. Int. Orn.-Kongr. pp. 169-173; Nov. Zool. xviii. 550.

Fragments of egg-shells perfectly similar to the types of Psammornis roth-

schildi were collected by Hilgert near Biskra, together with Ostrich-egg-shells,

and this year in various places between Onargla and El-Golea. Some of these

are less thick than the rest, but otherwise alike. The thinner ones may perhaps

haye been produced by some last degenerated individuals of the lost race, or be

otherwise abnormal. Some are so much in the same state of preservation as some

of Struthio camelus that they (together with the fact that they are found every-

where with fragments of shells of recent ostriches) disprove the theory, alluded

to by Dr. Andrews, that they might be brought up from a considerable depth

during the digging of the well. All are brown of various shades, but the

majority are of a very deep brown, darker than most of the darkest ostrich-egg

fragments,

It is to be hoped that some day bone of Psammornis rothschildi will be

discovered, to show what, this bird was like.

( 72)

. CONCLUSIONS.

The number of species diminishes from the foot of the Atlas southwards.

Some of the birds which enliven the northern Sahara, as for example near Biskra

and even Ghardaia, especially the Crested Larks, Rhamphocorys, Mremophila,

Ocenanthe (Saxicola) moesta, Calandrella minor, Lanius excubitor elegans, Argya

fulva, Caccabis and others—disappear entirely, mostly between El-Golea and

Ghardaia on the one, and El-Golea and Touggourt on the other side.

Some of the species, such as Mrythrospiza githaginea, Athene, and others,

though extending far southwards, become very local and very scarce.

dug

A few of the species are represented by different subspecies in the central and

in the northern Sahara: Corvus corax tingitanus by C. c. ruficollis, Ammomanes

deserti algeriensis by A. d. mya.

WHET

Some of the birds, and still more so the lepidoptera, coleoptera, mammalia,

and plants, are very widely distributed, especially many insects and plants range

at least from Arabia and Syria to Marocco, and from Spain to the central

Sahara, This is no doubt due to the similarity of desert-country and desert-climate

in the various countries and the unbroken desert belt extending from Syria and

Arabia to the Atlantic Ocean.

ive

The breeding season varies more than in Europe. Ido not agree with Count

Zedlitz, who concludes that Passer simplex saharae breeds twice in one year;

but, since we found fully fledged and naked tiny young birds as well as nearly fresh

eggs almost at the same time, I must believe that this bird breeds more irregularly

than most birds in our country. The same is to be said about Oenanthe leucopyga

aegra, Alaemon, and others.

I am, of course, well aware of Count Zedlitz’ most interesting articles in

Journ. f. Orn. 1908 p. 480 and Verh. V. Intern. Orn.-Kongr. p. 323. I have also

experienced myself the great influence of rain in the Sahara, In 1908 and 1909

Mr. Rothschild and I, ‘at various times from Febraary to the end of April,

collected in the streteh of country between Biskra and Bordj Saada, and in 1909

we rode from Biskra to Touggourt and back. Very seldom did we see a single

white butterfly between Biskra and Bordj Saada, and not one all the way from that

Bord) down to Touggourt. In 1912 I saw dozens of white butterflies between

Biskra and Bordj Saada, and hundreds of Melitaea and yellow-and-white Luchloé

between Biskra and Touggourt—evidently because there had been more rain in the

winter and any amount of vegetation. Whether this could affect the breeding-time of

a Passer simplex saharae I cannot say, but I doubt it very much. To seek an

undoubted explanation one would haye to remain longer in the central Sahara,

or visit it more often, and in years with and without considerable winter rains.

(73 )

VY. Bird Migration.

It will be seen from the narrative of my journey, and from the special part on

the birds collected and observed, that innumerable migrants pass through the

Western Sahara. For every ornithologist, bird-migration is a most interesting and

fascinating subject ; and next to egg-collecting, my earliest occupation with orni-

thology took the form of observing migration on the Baltic shores. Since then

this subject has become one of the foremost in ornithology, chiefly through

Giitke’s Vogelwarte Helgoland, the activity of the Royal Hungarian Central Bureau

of Ornithology under its gifted chief, Otto Herman, and, more recently, the

Vogelwarte Rossitten, and the “ringing” in Germany, England (Witherby’s

activity), and other countries, and last, but not least, Hagle Clarke’s Studies in

Bird Migration.

In spite of all the great work done so far, many questions are still imperfectly

answered or quite unsolved.

My explorations in Algeria, with and without the Hon. Walter Rothschild,

have given me some opportunities of observing migration, and, together with former

experiences, I came to the following conclusions :

The popular belief and the description of the late Professor Newton,* that

northern migrants by the end of the summer, when food becomes scarce in the

most northern limits of the range of a species, “begin to press upon the

haunts of other individuals; these, in like manner, upon that of yet others,

and thus

‘The waves behind impel the waves before,’

until the movement which began in the far north is communicated to the indi-

viduals occupying the extreme range of the species at that season,” is entirely

without foundation. I have never been able to see the logic; to my mind it is

quite clear that birds are not able to “ press upon the haunts of other individuals ”;

especially in late sammer and early autumn there is such a quantity of food, and

nowhere are birds so numerous that the immigration of a host of birds could “ press

upon their haunts,” and this movement be “communicated to the individuals

occupying the extreme range of the species at that season.” Just the contrary

takes place: the northernmost individuals are, of course, first compelled to quit

their haunts, and they migrate—generally much more slowly and leisurely than on

their return journey in spring—farthest south. Thus we see the northern Waders

arrive on our shores in the summer, when none of our birds, or hardly any, begin to

move. We see birds from the arctic regions migrating south to the equator and

beyond, Siberian birds pass the winter in Australia, while Manchurian forms only

go as far as middle and southern China; we find the northern Yellow Wagtails

going south, at least as far as the Mediterranean form, instead of pressing the latter

on before their host; and where the same species inhabits more southern latitudes,

the southern form becomes resident, instead of being compelled to move before the

invading northerners. Our Wheatear and the Greenland Wheatear (Oenanthe

oenanthe oenauthe and Oenanthe oenanthe leucorrhoa) wander as far south as

tropical Africa, while the Mediterranean Wheatears only just reach their winter

quarters, and are not pushed on farther south. Ocnanthe hispanica has not been

observed farther south than Senegambia, where it appears to be very rare, but the

majority winter perhaps in the Saharan oases; and of the black-throated Oenanthe

oenanthe seebohmi the winter quarters are not yet known.

* Of. Dict, B. p. 555, and Nov, Zool. 1905. p. 16.

( 74)

Not only the birds of our northern latitudes are migrants, but also many of

the insect-eating birds of the Atlas Mountains and North Algeria leave their homes

during the winter, such as the Nightingales, Redstarts, Warblers, Swallows and

others. None of these are pushed farther south by the inrash of northern

migrants; neither Sylvia deserticola, Diplootocus moussiert nor Sylvia cantillans

inornata and others have ever been found in Tropical Africa: they leave the

mountains in the winter and pass the cold season in the Northern Sahara, while

the arctic birds pass through their haunts and proceed farther southwards. In

the spring we see the northern birds pass through, when the Algerian ones are

already settled and begin nesting !

We should be able to prove more such facts if we could better recognise the

local races, and I do not doubt that the enormous strides we are making in

distinguishing the various subspecies will bring more such facts to light; in some

cases, where we are unable to separate the birds from widely different countries,

only “ bird-marking ” may solve such questions.

We have hitherto been accustomed to look upon, as breeding in N.W. Africa,

all birds regularly found there during the second half of May and in June. Our

observations of 1912—partly confirmed by Mr. Spatz—show that snch conclusions

must be drawn very slowly and carefully. A perusal of the foregoing pages will

show that we have met numerous undoubted migrants in the Sahara after the

middle of May and even in the month of June! There is no reason whatever

to doubt that this late migration is a regular phenomenon. As some of these

late migrants were observed while their brethren in the north began already to

nest, there is reason to suppose that some of them were not breeding in that year,

some apparently because they are too young or too old, or—in some cases certainly —

injured or otherwise unhealthy ; in those cases where these birds were still in

flocks such supposition can of course not be made, and we must conclude that

they are birds from the most northern haunts of the species, which is proved in

the case of Motacilla flava thunbergi, which passes through after the passage of

its allies, and which goes farthest north. Moreover I agree with Count Zedlitz

that some of these do not breed in a given year, though for reasons unknown

to us.

A question which has often been discussed is: whether birds migrate with

an extended front, or whether they follow strictly defined narrow routes. The

theory of the strictly defined routes is based upon the fact that in suitable localities,

such as river-valleys (which naturally afford munch food), quantities of birds are

observed, and that an astonishing number of migrants are seen on certain points

of observation, especially small islands, like Heligoland, Fair Isle and others.

The conclusion drawn from these observations is, however, erroneous. The

fact is, that birds must feed during migration, and therefore alight where food

is found, while they pass over arid or otherwise unsuitable land, and therefore

are not observed ; and the reason why Heligoland and Fair Isle and other localities

are apparently so miraculously favoured by bird migration is, that they afford

rest, food, and shelter in a wide area of uninviting sea, and that keen and able

observers have made them their observatories !

The various migration routes, as depicted by Palmén and others, are based

on meagre records, and most of them were apparently drawn because the map

suggested them; thus migration routes cross the Mediterranean where it is

narrowest; west of Gibraltar; from Valencia to West Algeria (leaving Alger

(7 )

itself untouched) ; from the Riviera to Tunisia, v7 Corsica and Sardinia; from

Sicily to Tripolitania ; from Asia Minor to the delta of the Nile.

From the north-south direction in the fertile and rich valleys of the Rhine

and Rhone birds are made to deviate in two directions—back upwards along the

Riviera, in order to get across the narrower passages by Corsica and Sardinia,

and over to the Spanish coast, in order to get the shorter crossing from Valencia

to Oran. On which facts are and can be these conclusions based? On the facts

that countless birds are observed in the Rhine and Rhone valleys, that many

people visit the Riviera and see numerous migrants, and that it seemed more

convenient to cross the Mediterranean where it is narrowest. Similar reasons will

no doubt exist for the other crossing-lines.

My reasonings lead to exactly opposite conclusions.

Wherever ornithological observers have chosen places which cau easily be

surveyed and taken under observation, and watched birds in Europe, migrants

were observed in great quantities. In the Mediterranean, for example, there is so

far no reason whatever to suppose that they only cross along the given routes,

and thus strike the African coast in five or six belts only; but on the contrary

migrants have been observed in great numbers wherever ornithologists or collectors

have been,

According to those methods we should have at once to construct a mighty

route of migration through El-Golea, which is a bird-migration paradise; but

suppose I had not stayed in El-Golea, and gone down from Ouargla through the

Great Western Erg by Ain Taiba to Tidikelt, I might have concluded that no

bird migration of any extent goes through that part of the Sahara, because I had

passed through districts unsuitable for birds to alight and to feed—for few birds

will stop in the foodless Erg or desolate Hammada.

Moreover, how can birds see what route they take at night? and if they see

the route by day-time, how can they know that it is their route, especially when

they see it for the first time? These questions have often been put and ventilated,

and I answer them unhesitatingly—without going here again into the questions

of leadership and others—They cannot.

And what advantage could it be to any of the more powerful fliers—and all

trne migrants are good fliers—to gain those narrower passages in the Mediterranean

My answer is: None whatever.

There is, however, the fact that birds migrate in one direction, and another

that they have a great inclination and tenacity of following extended coast-lines ;

these facts are based on countless observations, and are established heyond doubt.

Thus the majority of birds travel in the autumn in a north-easterly to south-

westerly direction, while some species go in the opposite one (in a south-eastern

line), thus crossing the lines of other species. ‘This fact, together with the N.H.

to 8.W. main direction of the West European coasts, brings at once a great mass

of migrants down our West European shores, and when they cannot go any farther

in Europe they cross over to N.W. Africa. No observations exist to show that

this crossing takes place more near the Straits of Gibraltar than farther westwards :

in fact, many birds keep on in their south-westerly direction and most unwisely

visit the Canaries and even the Azores and Cape Verde Islands, instead of sticking

to the hospitable shores of Africa, where they winter. Moreover, some birds miss

the land altogether and perish in the ocean, as is evidenced by their frequent

alighting on ships in mid-ocean in a tired state.

( 76 )

The preference for coast-lines is not even restricted to migrants, but also

sedentary species spread more along the coast-lines than over the inland regions.

Thus we see Mediterranean forms extending along the coasts of Western

Enrope as far north as England: the White Owl, the Dartford-Warbler, Chough

and Cirl-Bunting, vid West France, more or less.

Thus we find tropical birds have extended their range to Africa Minor,

undoubtedly by the coast-line and not through the great desert, for they are not

found at all in the Sahara, and mostly not even south of the Atlas, but only along

the north coast: Asio capensis in North Marocco and North Algeria, Telophonus

senegallus and Pycnonotus barbatus in North Marocco, North Algeria and North

Tunisia, all three very slightly altered by isolation, Turtur (rectius Streptopelia)

senegalensis in the northern oases, On the other hand, the Crested Larks, which

inhabit Senegambia and Northern Nigeria, have undoubtedly extended their range

from Africa Minor to the tropies by the coast-regions, because they do not occur

in the central Sahara, but are found at Rio de Oro, under the tropic of Cancer.

I hope to be able to make more observations on these fascinating subjects

before long, and trust that a careful stay of the local forms of birds, in combination

with the valuable experiments of bird-marking, will help us to bring forward

numerons proofs of my theories. It must, however, be remembered that birds

do not work like machinery and clock-work, and that, therefore, exceptions from

most rules will occasionally take place.

REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS.

By ERNST HARTERT.

Arter leaving Ouargla, where Reptiles had been collected by Lataste, Koenig, and

others, I began to pay attention to all Reptiles; and especially at El-Golea and

farther southwards, from where nothing was hitherto known, we tried to get as

many species and specimens as possible, though taking only a few of the largest

kind, and a limited number of the common species which were brought in by boys

in the oases.

The whole collection was kindly named for me by Mr. Boulenger, who also

supplied the description of the two new forms from the Tidikelt oases, and notes

on Stenodactylus petri’, Acanthodactylus and Chalcides. My sincere thanks are

due to Mr. Boulenger, who thus enabled me to give a list of this collection.

The specimens have been presented by Mr. Rothschild to the British Museum,

only some of the Uromastix and a few duplicates of lizards being kept in the Tring

Museum.

The following works dealing with North-West African herpetology have been

consulted :

(1) Boulenger: Catalogue of the Reptiles and Batrachians of Barbary

(Marocco, Algeria, Tunisia), based chiefly upon the Notes and Collections made in

1880—1884 by M. Fernand Lataste (1891). Plates XIII—XVILI.

In Trans. Zool. Soc. London, xiii.

(77 )

The standard work of herpetolozy concerning the fauna of Barbary, upon’

which all further knowledge on the subject must necessarily be based.

(2) Boulenger: Catalogue of Lizards in the British Museum, vols. i., il., il.

(1885—1887).

(3) Boulenger: Catalogue of Snakes in the British Museum, vols. i., il., iil.

(1893—1896).

(4) Werner: Ausbeute einer herpetologischen Excursion nach Ost-Algerien

(1892).

In Verh. xool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xlii. Band.

(5) Werner: Zweiter Beitrag zur Herpetologie von Ost-Algerien (1894).

In Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xliv. Band.

(6) Koenig: Reisen nnd Forschungen in Algerien. (Titelblatt ohne Jahres-

zahl, aber wol 1896 erschienen.)

Appendix I.: Liste der von mir in Algerien gesammelten und beobachteten

Kriechthiere und Lurche.

(7) Anderson: On a Small Collection of Mammals, Reptiles, and Batrachians

from Barbary (1892).

In Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892,

(8) Anderson: Zoology of Egypt, vol. i, Reptilia and Batrachia, 1898.

Plates 1—50.

This magnificent work, with its beautiful plates, is not only valuable to a

herpetologist, but especially for an amateur in herpetology, on account of its

instructive plates, explicit letterpress and biological notes.

(9) Doumergue: Hssai sur la Faune Hrpétologique de I’Oranie.

In Bull. Soc. Géogr. et @ Arch. @ Oranie, extract from vols. xix-xxi, 1901.

(Only seen after finishing most of the MS. Copy kindly lent me by Mr.

Boulenger.)

Neither of the common Algerian Chelonia, Testudo ibera aud Clemmys leprosa,

extend into the real Sahara. The former Mr. Rothschild and I saw as far south

as Lambése, near Batna, where it is common, while the latter is also numerous near

Batna, and occurs in some of the ditches of the oasis of Biskra.

1. Ptyodactylus lobatus oudrii Lat.

Cf. Boulenger, “ Rept. and Batr. Barbary,” in Trans. Zool. Soc. London xiii. part v. pp. 111, 112

(1891).

Common in the Bordjs north of El-Golea and in houses at El-Golea itself.

Not very difficult to catch, though the tails are broken off very easily, Common

also near Biskra.

It appears from Mr. Boulenger’s notes that “ var. ovdrii” is the western sub-

species of P. lobatus lobatus, though connected with the latter by a complete

intergradation, but generally smaller.

2. Stenodactylus petrii Anderson.

Stenodactylus petrii Anderson, Herpet. Arabia and Egypt, p. 96 (1896—Tel el Amarna).

We found this tender little Gecko from the stony plain between the Oued Nea

and El-Alia to Bl-Golea and the Oued Saret between Fort Miribel and El-Golea.

( 78 )

It was fonnd in more or less sandy tracts, under stones, and buried in sand, but

not among the dunes.

According to Anderson (/.c.) and Boulenger (én /itt.), it has been recorded by

Prof. Werner (under the name of S. gvttatus) from Touggourt and Mraier.

It is evidently this species also which Koenig (Reisen und Forsch. in Algerien,

p. 404) records under the name Stenodactylus guttatus var. mauritanica, a name

which refers to another species now called S. elegans Fitz., and which I did not find

during the expedition.

3. Tarentola mauritanica deserti Lat.

Tarentola mauritanica var, deserti Lataste in litt., Boulenger, ¢.c. p. 115, in the text.

This very light, pale whitish flesh-coloured desert form is evidently the

southern representative of the northern 7. mauritanica mauritanica (L.). It was

common in some of the Bordjs between El-Golea and Ghardaia, and in El-Golea

itself. We saw it also in Touggourt, and the specimen there had the same pale

colour as the others.

4, Tarentola neglecta Strauch.

Cf. Boulenger, t.c. p. 116 ; Koenig, fc. p. 406 ; Werner, Verh. ki. k. zvol.-bot, Ges. 1894, p. 77.

Kef-el-Dor, on the outer wall of a building, in the forsaken buildings of Fort

Miribel, and at Bl-Golea.

5. Agama tournevillii Lat.

Boulenger, t.c, p. 118 ; Koenig, t.c. p. 407.

One specimen was brought in by one of our Arabs on the way from Ouargla

to El-Golea, in March. In June we found this beautifully coloured species quite

common in the plain of El-Arich. While close by in the stony tracts the common

agama inermis was frequent, the rarer A. towrnevillii were only seen in the sandy

desert, where they sat high up on the bushes of /e¢ama in the sun. They could

be caught without great difficulty, if not disturbed before,

6. Agama inermis Reuss.

Common from Biskra to south of Fort Miribel, and specially numerous south

of El-Golea and between Ghardaia and Touggourt, but never among the dunes. In

fact, typical for the stony Hammada. Generally sitting on stones, and caught by

our men with great dexterity. In this and other Agamas, the tails are almost

like wire, and not fragile as in so many other lizards. Specimens were therefore

always in good condition. The variation in colour is astonishing.

7. Agama bibronii Duméril.

Cf. Boulenger, /.c. p. 118.

This beautiful species was only seen on the sun-burnt black rocks of Ain

Guettara and north of it, in the southernmost parts of the Oued Mya. The

(79 )

specimens were very shy, and quickly disappeared among the rocks when one

tried to approach them. The distribution is peculiar, and we never saw it

anywhere else.

8. Uromastix acanthinurus nigerrimus subsp. nov.

Structurally like U. acanthinurus acanthinurus from Biskra, and U. a. nigri-

ventris R. and H. from the Mzab country, but much blacker. Underside in adult

males entirely black, of a deeper hue even than in U. a. nigriventris; underside of

tail dark olive to black. Upperside very deep black, with scattered small greenish

yellow spots and patches of from one to nine scales; digits underneath often

brownish yellow. Largest male from snout to tip of tail, 46 em. A younger

male of 33 cm. is less typical, there being almost as much greenish yellow as

black on the upperside, and the underside is not of such a deep black. A male

from Hl-Hadadra, half-way between El-Golea and Ghardaia, clearly belongs to

the same southern form, though it has a little more light spotting on the back.

In the same locality, however, a very large and, seen from a distance, apparently

entirely black individual was seen, but unfortunately not obtained.

Type: dad., Southern Oued Mya, 8.iv. 12, in the Tring Museum. Cotypes in

the British Museum.

Young individuals are not distinguishable from those of the other races.

We had no time or inclination to collect Uromastix near Biskra, but I saw

some on the market for sale, freshly stuffed in a rough fashion, for the tourists.

They agreed in colour with those we formerly saw, although some had a great

deal of black on the undersurface, thus approaching U. a. nigriventris.

Werner (Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. 1892, p. 354) describes his Biskra specimens as

“ei Woblbefinden stets silbergrau mit schwarzer Marmorierung, bei niedriger

Temperatur grauschwarz.”

He also says that their underside varies from “ gelblichweiss bis schwarz.”

In Nor. Zool. xviii. p. 468 Mr. Rothschild and I described the Biskra form

as “more or less dull grey in appearance.” Mr. Boulenger (Cat. Liz. Brit.

Mus. i. p. 407) called them “ greyish above, dotted or vermiculated with blackish ;

lower surfaces lighter, uniform or marbled with blackish,” and in his Catalogue

of the Reptiles of Barbary (p. 119) as “ yellowish, greenish, or greyish above,

dotted or vermiculated with blackish or brown,” but at that time specimens from

Biskra, etc., and the Mzab were not described separately.

When at Ghardaia we caught one and saw several specimens in the hands

of a Dutch artist, and of Professor Surcouf, which agreed with the type of U. a.

nigriventris, and one was even bigger than all we had seen before, and on the

upperside of a beantifal golden green colour, with three spotted brown bands,

U. a. nigerrimus evidently replaces the other two forms in the Oued Mya

region and on the plateau of Tademait from Fort Miribel to south of Ain Guettara,

and also those north of El-Golea, near El-Hadadra, belong to this blackish form.

I brought home five more or less adult males, one female, and a number

of young ones. As I have said before, young ones are not distinguishable from

those of U. a. acanthinurus and U. a. nigriventris, and females are less typical

or quité like those of the other forms. This is not strange, as females and

young of other species of Uromastix differ also very much from adult males, and

young individuals of U. acanthinurus ave not even distinguishable from those of

U, ornatus and hardwickei (Werner, Verh. zool.-bot, Ges. Wien, 1894, p. 79),

( 80 )

1 am therefore of opinion that three forms of Uromastia acanthinurus can

be distinguished in the Algerian Sahara :

1. Uromastix acanthinurus acanthinurus Bell (Zool. Journ. i. p. 457. pl. xvii.

1825.-—“ Africa,” exact locality unknown !).

Distribution: Near Biskra, northwards to El-Kantara (I have not examined

specimens from other localities).

2. Uromastix acanthinurus nigriventris Rothschild & Hartert. (Nov. Zool. xviii.

p. 468).

Distrib: Mzab country, Ghardaia, Tilrhempt, apparently also Laghouat.

(Probably, judging from the description by Donmergne in Bull. Soc, Géogr. Arch.

Oran, t. xix.-xxi. p. 109-10, extending to Ain Sefra.)

3. Uromastix acanthinurus nigerrimus Hart.

Distrib.: Fort Miribel to Ain Guettara (Tademait), and rocky hills near Bl-

Hadadra, between El-Golea and Ghardaia.

The statement of the occurrence of any other species of Uromastix in Algeria

is apparently erroneous, though Olivier quoted U. spinipes as being found near

Biskra, U. acanthinurus and spinipes (rectius aeqyptius ¥orsk. 1775).

The Arab name of Uromastix is “ Dabb.”

9. Varanus griseus Dand.

We never saw these lizards among rocks and mountains, nor in the bare

sand-dunes, bat they were not rare in stony or sandy plains and plateaus from

Biskra to the platean of Tademait, south of which we did not observe them.

They live on lizards and small rodents, and do not despise large insects, such

as beetles and locusts. A small young specimen was caught early in Jone near

ELAlia. One generally sees the “ Ouran,” as it was called by our Arabs, on

the ground, but sometimes it mounts bushes and lower trees. When pursued,

these lizards run very swiftly, with the body well raised. Once I found a hole,

with the unmistakable traces of a Varanus in front. The Arab who was with

me blocked up the entrance, and suddenly a Varanus came rushing at us, hissing

and hitting the ground with its tail; it attacked me at once, and had two bites

into my trousers ; it was very amusing in its fary. I expect it had eggs in

the hole, but I had no time to dig them ont.

The “Ouran” is much liked by the Arabs for food, and, indeed, a well-

cooked “ Ouran” is excellent eating, tasting very much like a good fresh-water

fish. As it can bite very hard, the Arabs, when bringing it for sale, as they do

in Biskra, Tonggourt, and other places, very often stitch the mouth together.

10. Acanthodactylus boskianus var. asper Audonin.

Acanthodactylus boskianus asper, as 1 should call this form, is apparently the

desert form of the typical A. Joskianus boskianus, inhabiting the Nile delta (ef.

Anderson, Zool. of Egypt, Reptilia, p. 150).

More or less common in semi-desert and sandy tracts from Monleina, south

of Biskra, to Tonggourt, common between the Oued Nea and El-Alia, abont 50 km.

south of Ghardaia, N.E. of El-Golea, between El-Golea and the Oued Saret,

and not rare on the platean of Tademait as far as just north of Ain ‘Guettars;

south of which we did not capture it,

( 81 )

11. Acanthodactylus pardalis Licht.

The distribution of this species in Algeria has been rather imperfectly

known. Koenig (¢.c. p. 411) says only that it is “ weit in die Sahara hineingehend,”

while Werner (Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xliv. p. 82) says “geht nach Siiden etwa

bis Chegga.”

I have found the species much farther southwards, 7.e. between Ouargla

and El-Golea, and near Guerrara, between the Oued Nea and El-Alia, on the way

from Ghardaia to Touggourt. It appears, however, to be rarer than A. boskianus

and scutellatus, but might sometimes have been mistaken for either of them.

There is evidently an ill-detined Saharan race which might have to be called

A, pardalis deserti (Giinther), unless the name desert? were preoccupied by the

Lacerta deserti of Lepechin. From the excellent notes by Anderson (Reptiles of

Egypt, p. 154) it would appear that the Saharan race was quite recognisable.

though intermediates between it and the northern form were found. Koenig’s

note also supports the view that two forms are separable, but Mr. Boulenger

apparently does not believe in their distinctness, as he named my specimens

only “ Acanthodactylus pardalis.”

12. Acanthodactylus scutellatus Aud.

Cf. Boulenger, ¢.c. p. 130 (‘‘ Saharian examples are smaller, more slender and lighter-coloured than

the typical form from Egypt”); Cat. Lizards Brit. Mus, ii. p. 65 (“a smaller variety, var.

exigua Lat. = inornata Gray, apparently restricted to the Sahara”); Werner, Verh. kk. zool.-

bot. Ges. Wien, xliv. 1894. p. 82 (‘‘Kommt in zwei stiindigen Varietiten vor, in einer

kleineren von Biskra bis Mraier, und einer grésseren von Mraier bis Temacin. Die gréssere

ist die normale dunkel reticulirte Form, die kleinere entbehrt dieser Zeichnung’’) ; Koenig,

t.c. p. 410 (speaks also of two varieties, the smaller of which he found among the dunes) ;

Anderson, Reptiles of Egypt, p. 163 ; Doumergue, Bull. Soc. Géogr. et Arch. Oran, xix.—xxi.

pp. 153-60!

This lizard is common enough in the Central Sahara. We caught specimens

at Ouargla, between Ouargla and El-Golea, at El-Golea, Fort Miribel, and as far

south as In-Salah! Also near Guerrara, between the Oued Nea and El-Alia.

Mr. Boulenger says (in litt.): ‘The specimens from In-Salah represent

the typical form. The others belong to the smaller, ill-defined var. ¢nornatus

Vv. exiguus.”

13. Eremias rubropunctata (Licht.).

Lacerta rubropunctata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berl. Mus, p. 100 (1823—Egypt and Nubia) ;

Koenig, Reisen und Forsch. in Algerien, pp. 93, 412); Anderson, Zool. Egypt, Reptiles,

pp. 183-6.

I found this species common in the Central Sahara. It was first obtained

about 50 km. north-east of El-Golea, then between El-Golea and Fort Miribel,

and it was common on the Oued Saret. We did, however, also catch it near

Foggaret-es-Zona, the northernmost of the Tidikelt oases. It inhabits chiefly

the Hammada.

Until Prof. Koenig obtained it near Onargla, this species was not known to

occur in the Western Sahara, or anywhere east of Egypt. Since then it has been

found in Tripoli. Béttger noticed some differences in the scaling between Koenig's

specimen and those in the Senckenberg Museum, but these differences are not

peculiar to western examples, and not constant, Mr, Boulenger (in litt.) says ;

( 82)

“The Eremias rubropunctata which you collected do not differ from Egyptian aud

Tripolitan specimens. According to Anderson (Zool. Egypt), Egyptian examples

have 53 to 66 + 12 scales round the body. In four of your specimens, in waich

I have counted the scales, I find 58, 60, 61, 65 + 12.”

14. Eremias guttulata (Licht.).

Lacerta guitulata Lichtenstein, Verz, Doubl. Mus. Berlin. p. 101 (1823—Egypt and Nubia).

Found in the sandy parts between El-Golea and Fort Miribel.

15, Scincus officinalis Lanrenti.

The “Sandfish,” as the Skink is called by the French, is common in the sandy

Sahara at Touggourt, from Touggourt to l-Oued, between Ghardaia and El-Golea,

at El-Golea, and north of the latter.

In Tidikelt we did not receive or see a single specimen of Scincus officinalis.

16. Chalcides sepsoides (Aud.).

Scincus sepsoides Audouin, Deser. Egypte, Rept. Suppl. p. 180, pl. ii. figs, 9, 10 (? about 1829).

Chalcides sepoides Boulenger, Cat. Lizards Brit, Mus, 2nd ed. iii. p. 407 (1887—* North Africa,

Senegambia, Arabia, Syria”); Anderson, Zool. Egypt, Reptiles, p. 220, pl. xxviii. fig. 2

(Egypt) ; Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges, Wien, 1894. p. 84 (Touggourt).

Chalcides boulengeri Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 17, pl. i. figs. 1-3 (Duirat in

Tunisia, near the Tripolitan frontier) ; Koenig, t.c. p. 414.

Chalcides sepoides varietas Koenig, t.c. p. 414.

Common at In-Salah and Igosten. Habits like those of Scincus officinalis.

Koenig obtained specimens at and near Ouargla (Hl-Hobra) and Touggourt, where

I did not collect reptiles in 1912.

Boettger named the two specimens from El-Hobra (between Ouargla and

Ghardaia) and Onargla “ Ch. boulengeri,” while he says of the Touggourt specimen :

“Mit 26 Reihen, aber mit Kopfpholidose von sepoides! Ich wiirde die Form

trotzdem zu boulengeri stellen! Uebergangsform !”

Mr. Boulenger kindly sent me the following note about these specimens :

“The Chalcides sepoides from In-Salah differ from the typical form, and agree

with Ch. boulengeri, Anderson, from §. Tunisia, in the fifth labial entering the eye

instead of the fourth ; in one specimen there are even six anterior labials on one

side. Agree with the typical form in the position of the nostril, anterior to the

suture between the nostril and the first Jabial, and in the number of longitudinal

series of scales—viz. 24 or 26. 24 is the usual number in the typical form, whilst

it is the exception in the In-Salah series (3 cases out of 17). In all the limbs

are pentadactyle.

“The name var. intermedia might be used to designate these specimens (also

found at Biskra) connecting the typical Chalcides sepoides of Egypt with Ch.

boulengeri.”

17. Chamaeleon vulgaris Daud.

The Chamaeleon appears not to inhabit, as a rule, the real desert, but it extends

into the northern portion of it. It occurs near Biskra, and Koenig found a specimen

in Nza ben Rzik, between Biskra and Touggourt. We caught one 50 km, south of

Laci

( 83 )

Ghardaia, but that was the only specimen we came across. It was beantifully green,

but after being kept for two days in a bag and equally long on a picture in my

bedroom—kept dark for most of the day on account of the flies—it became dark

brown. Chamaeleons are very common near Hl-Kantara, where they occur in

wonderful colours, some of the colorations being apparently never described.

18. Coelopeltis moilensis (Reuss).

Coluber moilensis Reuss, Mus, Senckend, vol. i. p. 142. pl. vii. (1834) ; Coelopeltis moilensis Boulenger,

Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus. vol. iii. p, 143 ; Anderson, Zool. Egypt, Rept., p. 292. pl. xl.

Large specimens of this snake were caught N.E. of El-Golea and at Fort

Miribel. They did not appear to be fierce and irascible, but the Arabs dreaded them,

while I did not know they were poisonous. Another large snake of this kind was

shot in the Oued Mya, but too much damaged for preservation. In the stomachs I

found small mammals,

19. Psammophis schokari (Forsk.).

Coluber schokari Forskil, Descr. Anim. p. 14 (1775) ; Psammophis schokari Boulenger, Cat, Snakes

Brit, Mus. vol. iti, p. 157 ; Anderson, Zool. Eqypt, Rept. p. 295. pl. xli, xlii.

In-Salah and southern Oued Mya.

20. Cerastes vipera (L.).

Coluber Vipera Linnaeus. Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 216 (1758—‘ Habitat in Aegypto ”),

Cerastes vipera Anderson, Zool, Egypt Rept. p. 327. pl. xvii.

This beautiful but dangerous snake appears to be rare in the country traversed

by us in 1912. Though we were specially on the look-out for it, [ caught only a

single specimen in the sandy belt about 50 km. north of El-Golea. The trace of it

was plainly visible and leading to a clump of grass, under which the snake was

hidden in the sand, only the snout and eyes being visible. The colour was much

brighter and more reddish than in the plate in Anderson’s work. The stomach

contained a yellow wagtail.

21. Cerastes cerastes (L.).

(Cerastes cornutus auct.)

Coluber Cerastes Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x. vol. i. p. 217 (1758—‘ Habitat in Oriente”). (The

name “‘cerastes”’ of 1758 has of course priority over “cornutus,”’ whether the translation of

Hasselquist’s voyage of 1762 or ed, xii. of the Syst. Nat. 1766, is adopted.)

This very poisonous snake is common in the Sahara ; northwards at least to

El-Kantara (where it must be rare, though one was seen in 1908) and Biskra

(where it is not very rare). We found it, however, most common in the bed of the

sonthern Oued Mya, where five were seen in one day. One was disturbed in camp,

another out of a clump of grass, one was found by Hilgert coiled up close to a freshly

killed wagtail, the others were found lying in their usual position, concealed in the

sand, mostly close to a little bush or clamp of grass, or near a stone, only part of

the head being visible. When approached they dart against the enemy, but I have

not seen them reaching any farther than about one foot, though Bruce said

( 84 )

they could jump to the length of three feet; stories of their springing to even

greater distances can hardly be credited, thongh it is probable that they can reach

as far as their own length. Stories are told of death resulting from the bite of these

vipers, but I have not been able to learn of an authenticated case. The native name

is “lefa,” the accent being on the first syllable, which is short. In the stomachs of

not less than seven specimens during the first days of March we found yellow

Wagtails (Motacilla flava thunbergi) and Chiftchafts (Phylloscopus collybita), in one

both species together. The stomachs of the others were empty.

22. Bufo viridis Laur,

Not rare at Ghardaia.

23. Rana esculenta saharica Boul.

Frogs were very numerous in the “lake” at El-Golea, and in the ditches of

the Tidikelt oases called Igosten and In-Salah. I brought home series from both

places ; and Mr. Boulenger kindly gave me the following description of them, as

they belong to a new form.

“ Rana esculenta, var. saharica.

“Agrees with the var.7/dibunda in the small size of the inner metatarsal tubercle, —

but differs in the shorter tibiae, which do not overlap when placed at right angles to

the body. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tympanum or the eye. Measure-

ment of the eight largest specimens * :—

1 2. 3. 1 6,

3 58 28 28 i) 2

? 57 25 27 8 24

‘3 o4 26 7 2

54 25 26 7 2

z 80 34 36 11 3

= 76 30 33 9 24

ie ey eer: 32 33 10 24

5 : cil 32 32 10 3

“Colour olive, with or without blackish spots; a light vertebral line rarely

present.

“This variety approaches one from Persia described as var. susana (Ann. §° Mag.

N. H. 7. xvi. Nov. 1905).”

* 1. Length in millimetres from snout to vent ; 2. length of tibia (in the flesh); 3, length of foot

4. length of inner toe; 5, length of inner metatarsal tubercle,

( 85 )

Velie

DIE COLEOPTEREN-AUSBEUTE DES DR. ERNST HARTERT AUS

DER CENTRALEN WEST-SAHARA 1912.

BEsPROCHEN von Pror, Dr. von HEYDEN,

Im Jahre 1912 unternahm Dr. Ernst Hartert in Tring, Mngland, in Begleitung

yon Carl Hilgert aus Ingelheim, als Priiparator, eine Reise in die centrale West-

Sahara, deren Hauptzweck der Ornithologie und den Lepidopteren galt ; es warde

aber auch keine Gelegenheit versiiumt Coleopteren zu sammeln. Ausser den

grésseren Ticren, die am Tage aufgegriffen wurden, wurde der Lichtfang—

eigentlich wurden die Lampen zum Schmetterlingsfang aufgestellt—eifrig betrieben,

andere Fangmethoden im allgemeinen nicht angewendet.

Die Beschreibung der Reise und die Besprechung und Bearbeitung der

Ausbeute erfolet in dieser Zeitschrift (Vor/tates Zoologicae 1913), doch gebe ich

hier eine kurze Angabe der Route.

20,1.1912, Abmarsch von Biskra iiber Bordj Chegga, Kef-el-Dor, Mraier und

Nza-ben-Rzig nach Touggourt.

3. 3.1912. Abmarsch von Touggourt iiber Bledet-Ahmar und Arefidji nach der

grossen Oase Ouargla.

13. 3.1912. Abmarsch von Ouargla itber Hassi el-Hadjar nach El-Golea. Am

meisten Kiifer wurden etwa halbwegs zwischen Ouargla und El-Golea, beim Hassi

(Bronnen) el-Hadjar gesammelt. Am 24.3 Marsch vom Hassi Iniquel nach

}I-Golea, wo die Reisenden eine Woche blieben.

30.3.1912. Abreise von El-Golea iiber Hassi Okseibat, Hassi Marroket, El-

Meksa, Oued Saret und Fort Miribel in das Gebiet des Siidlichen Oued Mya,

mit seinem an Vegetation reichen Flussbett und dessen Zufliissen, in denen im

Dezember Regen gefallen war.

Am 11.4, und 12.4, Rast an der kleinen Quelle Ain-Guettara an dem wild

zerkliifteten, steilen Siidabsturz des vegetationslosen, unbeschreiblich éden Platean

von Tademait. Am 14.4, wurde Foggaret-es-Zoua, die nirdlichste der Tidikelt-

Oasen, erreicht, nach langem Marsche iiber villig vegetationslose Hbenen, Am

15. 4. Igosten, 16.4. 1912 In-Salah erreicht.

Am 23. 4.1912 wurde der Riickmarsch von In-Salah angetreten, und auf dem-

selben Wege durch das interessante Gebiet des Sidlichen Oued Mya iiber Fort

Miribel nach E]-Golea marschiert.

18. 5.1912. Aufbroch von Hl-Golea in der Richtung auf Ghardaia, iiber Hassi

Zirara, Saadana, Hl-Hadadra (Brunnen mit Bordj, d.h. Rasthiiusern), Sebseb und

Metlili nach Ghardaia.

Von Ghardaia ging der Weg itber den Oued Nssa (oder Nea), wo drei Tage

gesammelt wurde, iiber Guerrara, das Sandgebiet von El-Arich und Hl-Alia nach

Touggourt.

Von Touggourt wurde die Heimreise wieder iiber Biskra angetreten.

Ausserdem sind in dieses Verzeichniss aufgenommen eine Anzahl in den

Jahren 1908, 1909 und 1911 yon Dr. Walter von. Rothschild und Dr, Hartert,

besonders 1909 auf der Reise von Biskra nach Touggourt und von dort in das

( 86 )

Sanddiinengebict yon El-Oued gesammelter Arten, Die Reise von 1909 nach

El-Oued wurde in Novitates Zoologicae 1912, 8. 460-462 beschrieben.

Ich habe hier diejenigen Arten, die auch im Gebiete von Europa und dem

Caucasus vorkommen mit +, vor der Jaufenden No. bezeichnet. Es sind 82 von

den 21 gesammelten Arten.

Die meist ungefliigelten Tenebrionidae haben meist eine geringe geographische

Verbreitung. Aechte Wiistentiere sind meist you gelber Farbe, oder dunkel, dann

aber mit Grabbeinen oder Jangbehaarten Tarsen versehen. Die ganze Ausbeute hat

grossen wissenschaftlichen Wert, dank der genan angegebenen Fundorte; man sieht,

dass von einem Fachmanne gesammelt wurde.

Zu grossem Dank bin ich folgenden Specialisten verpflichtet fiir Bestimmungen

einzelner schwierigen Arten :

Louis Bedel in Paris: Cantharidae, Oedemeridae, Cerambycidae, Scarabaeidae,

Derselbe machte mich mehrfach auf Literaturangaben aufmerksam.

Dr. Max Bernhauer in Horn in Nieder-Oesterreich bestimmte Staphylinidae.

Marquis Henri du Buysson in Vernet: Hlateridae.

H. Kerremans in Bruxelles : Buprestidae.

H. von Krekich-Strassoldo bearbeitete das gesammte Anthicidae-Material.

Maurice Pic in Digoin: Meloidae, Alleculidae.

Edmund Reitter in Paskau-Miihren: Pselaphidae, Liodini, Scarabaeidae.

Siegmund Schenkling in Dallem-Berlin: Litteraturangaben.

Herr Baron Dr. Walter von Rothschild hatte die grosse Giite meiner

Sammlung fehlende Arten, und den meisten anderen Herren Helfern Belegstiicke

der neuen Arten zu iiberlassen. Die Krekisch’schen Arten kommen in das

k.k. Hof-Musenm in Wien, iibrigens ist im Text angegeben, wo sich Original-

Exemplare befinden.

Proressor Dr. PHIL, HON. C. JuBILATUS L, von HEYDEN

KONIGL, Preuss, Masor a. D.

CICINDELIDAE.

+1. Cicindela (L.) flexuosa F.

Biskra, 2 Ex., Tonggourt, 2 Ex., 29. ii, Igosten (Tidikelt) 15. iv.

[Hiufig in Tonggourt und Igosten. Nach Horn, in litt., verbreitet von Tripolis

bis Marokko, Portugal, Spanien, Frankreich—nordlich bis Bretagne, Fontainebleau,

Savoie, Schweiz ; Egypten, Balearen, Corsica, Sardinien, Sizilien.—K. H.]

+v. circumflexa Dej.

Tonggourt, 2 Ex.

+2. C. maura L.

Hammam Rhira, vy. 1911, ein typisches Stiick.

3. +C. lunulata (F.) v. maura Casteln.

Biskra, ein Ex., El-Golea, ein Ex.

3a. C. Truquii Gueér.

{Die Art wurde von W. y. Rothschild und mir im April 1911 bei Guelt-es-Stel

nicht selten angetroffen. Die Ex. warden von Dr. Horn bestimmt, dem sie damals

iibergehen wurden. Die Art ist nur von Algerien bis Tripolis bekannt.—H. H.]

( 87 )

4. +Megacephala (Latreille) euphratica Latr.

Mraier, zwischen Biskra und Touggourt, 1 Ex., 23. 11,1912. Auch in Siid

Spanien.

CARABIDAE.

5. Calosoma (Weber) (Campalita Motsch.) Olivieri Dej.

Ouargla-El-Golea, 1 Bx., 17-19. iii. In Nordafrika und den Azoren verbreitet.

6. Searites (Fabr.) striatus Dej.

Oued Mya, v. 1912, Bordj Chegga, 22.iii.1912. Nérdl. von El-Golea, y. 1912.

Je ein Bx. Nord Kiiste von Afrika weit verbreitet.

7. Sc. + terricola Bonelli.

Tonggourt, iv. 1909 einmal.

8. Tachys (Steph.) +sexstriatus Daft. v. bisbimaculatus Chevrolat.

Oued Mya, v. 1912, 24 Expl. In Nordafrika nur diese Rasse.

9. Heteracantha (Brullé) depressa (Brullé).

Onargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912, 2 Ex.; Nord. von El-Golea, 1 Ex. Aechtes

Sahara Sand Tier. Fliegt Nachts.

+10. Egadroma (Motsch.) marginata Dej.

Nordlich von El-Golea, 1 Ex. Im Mittelmeer Gebiet weit verbreitet.

11. Pterostichus (Bon.) (Orthomus Chaud.) barbarus Dej.

Nérdl. von El-Golea, ein Ex. ohne Beine und Fiihler. In 8.0, Europa und

N. Afrika verbreitet.

+12. Sphodrus (Clairville) leucophthalmus L.

Onargla—El-Golea 17. iii., Bordj-Chegga, 22. iii. je eimmal. In ganz Europa,

Nordafrika, KJeinasien.

+13. Laemostenus (Bon.) algerinus Gory.

In der Héhle am Djebel Taya, iii. 1911, 6 Ex. Auch Siid Europa. Kein

eigentlicher Héhlenbewohner.

+14. Anisodactylus (Dej.) poeciloides Steph.

Tonggourt, iy. 1909, Nordl. von El-Golea, v,.1912. Je einmal. Mit bliiulichem

Schimmer.

v. Winthemi Dej.

Ganz schwarz. Nérdl. yon El-Golea, v.1912 einmal. Nur in der Wiiste von

Algier bis Aegypten.

( 88 )

+15. Dichirotrichus (Dnval) obsoletus Dej.

Von Bordj Chegga bis Kef-el-Dor, 22. iii, 1912. Lebt an Meernfern und

Salzseen, bis nach England hin. Hinmal.

16. Graphipterus (Latr.) serrator Forskal v. luctuosus Dej.

Nordl. von El-Golea, v. 1912, 1 Ex.; In-Salah, Tidikelt, Centr. Sahara,

24-30. iv. 1912, 5 Ex. ; Arefidji,nérdl. von Ouargla, 6. iii, 1912, 1 Ex.

v. rotundatus Klug.

Biskra, 14 Ex. Achtes Wiistentier,

17. Lebia (Latr.) Thais Bedel.

Oued Mya, Centr. Sahara. Einmal. Algier, Tunis. Selten.

18. Cymindis (Latr.) sitifensis Luc. v. pseudosuturalis Bedel.

Siidl. Oued Mya, v. 1912, 1 Ex.; Biskra, 1 Ex. Auch Madeira, Canaren.

v. leucophthalmus Lue.

Ein Ex., von Lambesa, 1909,

19. Metabletus (Schmidt-Gibel) binotatus Reitter.

Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrera), 3-5. vi. 1912. Hin Ex.

+20. Brachynus (Weber) immaculicornis Dej.

Biskra, 1 Ex. In Siid Europa, hiiufig.

21. Anthia (Dejean) sexmaculata F.

Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii, 1912, 2 Ex.; El-Meksa, siidlich von El-Golea,

1 Ex.; In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30. ii. 1912, 2 Ex.; Bordj Chegga — Kef-el-Dor,

1 Ex.; siidl. Oued Mya, v. 1912, 1 Ex.; Biskra, 4 Ex. Wiisten-Tier.

DYTISCIDAE,

+22. Eretes (Laporte) stictitus L. var. helvolus Klug.

Oned Mya, 4. v.1912, 2 Ex., in der trocknen Wiiste ohne Wasser in der Niihe;

der niichste Brunnen ist 25 Km. entfernt. Cosmopolit in der alten Welt der sehr gut

und weit fliegt. Auch Siid-Europa, in Amerika seltener—Uralte geologische Art.

PAUSSIDAE.

23. Paussus (L.) Saharae Bedel.

Oued Nssa, Ghardaia—Guerrara, 3-5. vi. 1912, 1 Ex. Fliegt Nachts. Amei-

sengast.

( 89 )

STAPHYLINIDAE.

(Dr. Bernhauer determin.)

+24, Mycetoporus (Mannerheim) clavicornis Steph.

Hinmal in der Hihle im Djebel Taya.

+25. Tasgius (Steph.) ater Grav.

Biskra, einmal.

26. Oncophorus Pirazzolii Eppelsheim.

In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30.iv.1912, einmal. Fehlte in coll. Heyden. In der

Nihe der Gattung Bledius.

PSELAPHIDAE.

27. Sognorus (Reitter) n.sp.

Reitter bestimmte so zwei beschiidigte Ex. vom siidl. Oued Mya, die zum

Beschreiben zu schlecht erhalten sind.

LIODIDAE,

28. Chobautiella (Reitter) deserticola Reitter.

Die interessante Vorderschienenspitze nicht zu sehen. Hinmal, Ouargla—E]-

Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912. Von Reitter bestimmt.

HISTERIDAE.

+29. Saprinus (Er.) ornatus Erichson.

Laghouat, iv.1911, einmal gef. In Nordafrika verbreitet, auch Siidrassland.

+30. S. Pharao Mars.

Touggourt—El-Oued, iv.1909, 2 Ex.; nérdlich von El-Golea, y. 1912, 2 Ex.

Auch Aegypt., Caucas., Griechenland.

+31. S. figuratus Mars.

Biskra, einmal. Auch Siid-Spanien.

+32. S. chalcites Illiger.

EL-Arich, 8.W. Tonggourt, 8-9. vi.1912; In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30. iv. 1912,

Je einmal. Auch Siid Europa.

HYDROPHILIDAE.

+33. Hydrous (Dahl.) pistaceus Lap.

Touggourt, im April, 2 Ex, Auch Gallia mer., Hispan., Sicilia. [Sehr hiufig

in den Wassergriiben.—E. H. |

( 90 )

34. Philydrus (Solier) maculiapex Kuwert.

El-Meksa, siid]. von El-Golea, 2. iv. 1912, einmal. Aus Aegypten beschrieben.

+35. Paracymus (Thomson) relaxus Rey.

4 Ex., El-Meksa, siid]. von El-Golea, 2. iv.1912. Anch Siid-Spanien, Sicilia.

CANTHARIDAE.

36. Rhagonycha (Uschscholtz) barbara I’.

Alger, 1-16. iv. 1912, ein Ex. In Nordafrika verbreitet.

37. Cebriognathus (Chobaut) desertorum Chobant.

El-Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 8-9. vi.1912. Zwei Ex., wovon 1 in coll. Heyden.

Lonis Bedel schreibt mir iiber das merkwiirdige Tier.: “Ce genre, qui n’a rien

de commun avec les Cebrionidee, me parait surtout voisin des Malacogaster,

Rhagophthalmus, ete.”—Von Chobaut, Ann. France Bull. 1899, 23. “ Tonggourt,

la nuit, 4 la lumiére, dans les dunes. Mon jenne compagnon de voyage, Mr. EH.

Vareilles, et moi en avons capturé plusieurs exemp!. vers le milieu de mai. Plus

tard, M. Nenreux nous en a envoyé quelques snjets de Hassi-Douionidi, point d’eau

entre Touggourt et Ouargla.”—Jacobson, Rev. Russe Entomol. 1912. 136, zieht das

4 mm. grosse Tier zu Analestesa testacea Leach, Zool. Journ. 1. 1824. 36., was

ich nicht nachpriifen kann. Stimmt die Grésse?—Chevrolat, Ann. Fr. 1874.16.

sagt iiber die Leach—Art: “Ne serait-ce pas la Cistela testacea F., qu’on

rencontre en Barbarie sur le Chrysanthéme et sur le Sureau?” (Sureau= Hollunder).

Malacogaster ist ein Drilide, Rhagophthalmus steht bei Lampyridini.

+38. Axinotarsus (Motsch.) longicornis Kiesw. ? var. rufithorax Kiesw.

Biskra, 1 Ex. Auch im Ligurischen Apennin.

+ 39. Divales (Laporte) haemorrhoidalis I.

Biskra, 1 Ex. Auch in Spanien.

+40. Psilothrix (Redtb.) cyaneus Oliv. var. viridis Rossi.

Biskra, 9 Ex. Durch ganz West Europa bis Helgoland.

41. Zygia (F.) scutellaris Mauls.

S. Oued Mya, Centr. Sahara, 4.1912. Drei Exp.—Von Biskra und Boghar

bekannt.

CLERIDAE.

42. Opilo (Latreille) dorsalis Lucas.

1 Ex., von Touggourt, 29.11.1912. Auch in Oran.

NITIDULIDAE.

43. Nitidula (F.) ciliata Er. var. maculis obsoletis.

Ein Ex., zwischen Onargla und El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912. In N.O. Afrika ver-

breitet, aber selten.

—

PETE he OUP ait mcm EM bine saa wee mee»

iaipeatienindilies “eee theo Se. ta, ere

(91)

+44. Carpophilus (Leach) hemipterus L.

In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30. iv. 1912, ein Ex., Laghouat, im April, ein Ex. Cos-

mopolit.

CUCUJIDAE.

+45. Oryzaephilus (Ganglb.) surinamensis L.

In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30. iv. 1912., 3 Ex. Cosmopolit.

CRYPTOPHAGIDAE.

+46. Leucohimatium (Rosenhauer) elongatum Er.

Einmal nord. yon El-Golea, vy. 1912. Siid Europa von Spanien bis Cancasus.

MYCETOPHAGIDAE.

+47. Typhaea (Curtis) stercorea L.

Siid], von El-Golea: El-Meksa, 2.iv.1912, 1 Ex. Ueberall in Europa.

PHALACRIDAE.

+ 48. Olibrus (Erichson) castaneus Baudi.

Nordl. El-Golea, v. 1912, 3 Hx. ; Hl-Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 3 Ex. Im ganzen

Mittelmeergebiet.

+49. Tolyphus (Er.) granulatus Guérin.

Biskra, 18 Ex.

COCCINELLIDAE.

+50. Epilachna (Redtenbacher) chrysomelina L.

Igosten, Tidikelt, 13.iy. 1912, 10 Ex.; nérdl, El-Golea, 2 Ex. In Siid Europa

verbreitet.

+ 51. Coccinella (L.) septempunctata L.

Biskra, 11 Ex.; nérdl. El-Golea, 2 Ex. Ueberall in Europa.

52. Exochomus (Redtb.) + flavipes Thbg. var. nigripennis Hr.

Nord]. yon El-Golea, 1 Ex. Die Stammart in Europa, die var. in Nordafrika.

Griechenland und Siid Russland.

53. Hyperaspis (Redtb.) + reppensis Hbst. var. Teinturiei Muls.

Alger, 1 Ex., Stammart Europa, var. Nordafrica.

DERMESTIDAE.

+54. Dermestes (L.) Frischi Kugelann.

Kin abgeriebenes Stiick. Touggourt. El-Oued. Cosmopolit.

+55. Attagenus (Latr.) trifasciatus I’.

Biskra, 4 Ex. Siid Europa itberall.

( 92 )

HETEROCERIDAE.

+56. Heterocerus (I*.) flavidus Rossi.

3 Ex. vom siidl. Oued Mya. Ich stelle die Sticke zn dieser Siid-Europ. Art.

ELATERIDAE,

(Von da Buysson bestimmt.)

57. Drasterius (Eschscholtz) figuratus Germ.

Nordlich von El-Golea, 1 Ex. Bis Aegypt. verbreitet.

58. Cardiophorus (Eschsch.) stoliger Buyss. var. Leprieuri Pic.

Oued Nssa, Ghardaia—Guerrara, 3-5. vi.1912, 1 Ex.; Oned Mya, v.1912,

3 Ex. Die Stammart beschrieben Ann. Fr. 1902, 429. Die var. in Lchange 1902. 64

(Isidus), aus Ramlé, Aegypt.

59. Perrinellus (Buyss.) Bonnairei Buyss.

1 Ex, von Laghouat, iv.1911, wo die Art von Hénon und Martin schon

gef. wurde. Beschrieben Ann. Fr. 1893, Bull. V7. yon Oran: Ain Sefra, anch

Ann Fr, 1902, 430.

60. P. Chobauti Buyss.

Oued Nssa, Ghardaia—Guerrara, 3-5. vi. 1912, 7 Ex.; nérdl. von El-Golea,

1 Ex. ; El-Arich, S.W. Tonggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912, 2 Ex. Sandtier, in Pflanzenwarzeln

wie Nos. 58.59. Beschrieben Ann. Fr. Bull. 1899, 213.

BUPRESTIDAE,

61. Julodis (Eschsch.) + onopordi F. var. Konigi Mnhm,

Biskra, 6 Ex. Stammart Siid Europa, var. in Algier.

62. J. Lucasi Saunders.

Oned Mya, 2 Ex., Algerische Art. [Hiéufig an Raetam anfangs Mai.—E.H. |

63. J. Aristidis Lucas.

6 Ex., von El-Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 8-9. vi.1912. Alger, Sahara, Tunis.

+64, Aurigena (Laporte) unicolor Oliv.

3 Ex. von Biskra. Auch Gall. mer.

+65. Acmaeodera (Hschsch.) 18-guttata Piller.

Hammam Rirha, Nord Algeria, Mai 1911. Auch Siid Europa.

+66. A. cylindrica F.

Ebendaher, 1 Ex, Auch Siid Europa.

shattidete ne eda

( 98 )

+67. A, adspersula Illig.

Ebenso.

+68. Sphenoptera (Solier) rauca I.

Ebenso (Kerreman’s determ.).

BOSTRYCHIDAE,

69. Phonapate (Lesne) frontalis Fahraeus v. uncinata Karsch.

14 22 vom siidl. Oued Mya, im Mai 1912. Ven Touggourt bekannt. 1 d,

El-Arich, 8.W. von Touggourt, 8. vi. 1912.

70. Bostrychopsis (Lesne) Reichei Mars.

7 9% Ex., Oued Nssa, Ghardaia—Guerrara, 3-6. vi. 1912. Auch Senegal,

Abyssin., Aegypt.

71. Xylonites (Lesne) praeustus Germar.

1 Ex., Oued Nssa. Auch Gall. m., Dalmat., Sicilia.

72. Enneadesmus (Marsl.) forficula Fairm.

5 Ex. Oued Mya, 4 Ex. Oued-Nssa, El-Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 8. vi. 1912 ;

2 Ex. noérdl. von El-Golea, v.1912, 2 Ex. Auch aus Biskra und Tunis bekannt.

LYCTIDAE,

73. Lyctus (L.) cornifrons Lesne.

§. Oued Mya, 5 Ex.

ANOBIIDAE,

+74. Xyletinus (Latr.) bucephalus Illig.

El-Meksa, siidl. von El-Golea, 2. iv. 1912., Tougg.—El-Oued, je 1 Ex. Auch

Hisp. m., Lusit., Gall. m., Italia,

+75. Lasioderma (Steph.) Redtenbacheri Bach.

Siid Oued Mya, 1 Ex. Von Deutschland bis Siid-Frankreich und Russland,

Cancas., verbreitet.

OEDEMERIDAE,

(Von Bedel bestimmt.)

76. Xanthomima (Fairmaire) obsoleta Fairm.=Handlirschi Seidlitz

= Boissyi Ancey,

5 Ex. gefunden von Hartert, 50 km. nérdlich von In-Salah, an toten Traganum

Pflanzen (Domrahn). Hines der Ex. in coll. Heyden. X. odsoleta Fairm, ist

beschrieben Ann. Belge, 1894, 312, von Ouargla. <Ananconia Handlirschi, Seidl.

Erichs. Jns. Deut., 1899, 832, anus Algerien, X. Botssyi Ancey, Miceli, Ent.

vili, 1900. 140 yon Biskra,

( 94 )

77. Sessinia sp.

4 Ex. nérdl. von El-Golea, v. 1912, 2 Ex. Tonggourt—Oned iv. 1909, 2 Ex.

in coll. Heyden. Die Gattung (Pascoe il.) ist aufgestellt yon Semenov, Horae

xxvii. 455, auf Nacerdes livida ¥. von Taiti. Bedel schreibt mir: ‘ Voisin mais

différent de S. fuscostrigosa Fairm., Rev. Mag. Zool. 1879, 203, von Souf; carinata

Karsch Berl. 1881, p. 50, t. 2, fig. 9. Pent-étre par Pic dans un de ses nombreux

travaux ?”

ANTHICIDAE,

(Bearbeitet yon Ritter von Krekich-Strassoldo in Wien.)

78. Mecynotarsus (Lafert¢) semicinctus v. algiricus Desbr.

Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Gnerrara), 3-5 Joni. 9 Ex,

79. Formicomus (Laferté) Brisouti Pic.

Biskra, 1 Ex.

80. Anthicus (Payknl) debilis Laf.

Siidlichster Oued Mya, Mai 1912. 1 Ex.

+81. Anthicus hamicornis Mars.

Nérdlich von El-Golea, 2 April 1912. 1 Ex.

82. Anthicus velatus Mars.

Siidlichster Oued Mya, Mai 1912. 1 Ex.

Diese bisher nur aus Arabien und Aegypten bekannte Art scheint viel ver-

breiteter und in einem grossen Teile Nordost-Afrikas heimisch zu sein. Das Kgl.

Museum in Berlin besitzt ein Exemplar aus Abyssinien.

83. Anthicus harenosus Krekich n.sp.

Dem Anthieus sabuleti Laf. in Fiirbung, Punktierang und Form des Kopfes

sehr iibnlich, gestreckter, gliinzend, ganz rotbraun, die Fliigeldecken etwas heller,

manchmal um das Schildchen, dann auch in der Mitte der Fliigeldecken, an den

Seiten und lings der Naht bis zur Spitze nodeutlich und leicht gebriiunt; am

ganzen Korper mit kurzen, etwas abstehenden Haaren ziemlich dicht besetzt.

Kopf quer, etwas breiter als lang, hinten gerade mit kurz abgerundeten Ecken

und (von der Seite gesehen) ziemlich schneideformig vorgezogen. Kein Mittelein-

druck an der Basis. Punktierung stark und etwas zerstreut bis auf die glatte enge

Mittellinie ; auch der Basalrand ist glatt, unpunktiert. Augen ziemlich gross und

vorstehend, Schlifen etwas vorgezogen, von der Liinge der Augen. Fiibler die

Schultern erreichend, mit ziemlich gleichlangen Gliedern ; Endglied doppelts so

lang als das 10. Glied, kegelférmig, spitz.

Halsschild breiter als der Kopf mit deutlichem Halse, etwas weniger breit als

lang, herzfirmig, vor der Basis verengt, Basalrand deutlich; davor ist das Hals-

schild in der Mitte schwach und kurz liings-eingedriickt, so dass die Basis vor dem

Basalrande zwei schwache Hrhabenheiten (undeutlicher als bei Cyclodinus der

Gruppe V. Marseul’s) zeigt. Mit ocellierten, ziemlich seichten Punkten sehr

dicht besetzt,

(95 )

Fliigeldecken an der Basis kaum um die Hiilfte breiter als das Halsschild,

fast dreimal so lang als breit, ziemlich parallel, nur vom zweiten Drittel an gegen

die Spitze miissig breiter, weniger dicht aber tiefer punktiert als auf dem Kopfe

und Halsschilde (die Punktierung gegen die Spitze abnehmend). Nahtstreifen

in der Apicalhilfte fein erhaben mit dentlichem Hindrucke zu beiden Seiten des

Nahtstreifens. Spitzen der Fliigeldecken in beiden Geschlechtern gemeiusam

gerundet.

Beine nicht sehr lang, Schenkel ziemlich verdickt. Tarsen stark behaart.

Vorletztes Tarsenglied deutlich herzformig.

3d an dem gerade abgestutzten gerandeten Pygidium kenntlich. 3-5 mm.

Zwischen Oued Nssa und Ghardaia—Guerrara, 3-5. vi. 1912. 6 Exempl., davon je

1 Ex. in coll. Krekich und Heyden.

Von A. saduleti durch die einfachen Hintertibien des ¢ und durch das breitere

herzférmigere Halsschild verschieden. Mit A. saharensis Chob. verwandt. Dieser

hat jedoch viel kriiftigere Fiisse und ist viel dichter punktiert, fast chagriniert, hat

daher ein mattes Aussehen.

Vielleicht ist A. Aarenosus nur eine Varietiit des mir unbekannten A. ittoralis

Woll.

84. Anthicus Goebeli Laf.

Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara) 3-5. vi. 1912. 6 Ex.

A, Goebeli ist die Wiistenform des im ganzen Mittelmeergebiet weit ver-

breiteten A. transversalis Villa (= tenellus Laf.) und kommt ebenso in der Sahara

und der lybischen Wiiste, wie auch in den der raschen Austrocknung entgegen-

gehenden Teilen Transkaspiens vor. Diese Art ist oftenbar noch in der Entwicklung

begriffen und sind alle méglichen Ubergiinge zwischen A. transversalis und

A, Goebeli aus der gleichen Gegend festzustellen.

Als extremste Wiistenformen sind die var. duchariensis Pic aus Turkestan

und yar. meridionalis Pie aus Algier und Tripolis, endlich A. modestus Laf. aus

Arabien und Aegypten anzusehen.

A. ornatus Truqui aus Cypern und Syrien stellt einen schon vor liingerer Zeit

vom Hanptstamme fenellus abgezweigten Ast dar, wihrend dies vom A. araxicola

Reitt. aus dem Araxestale in noch héherem Masse gilt.

+85. Anthicus ophthalmicus Rottenb.= megalops Mars.

Siidlicher Oned Mya, Mai. 1 Ex,

Ich beniitze diesen Anlass, um die Synonymie des A. megalops mit A. oph-

thalmicus festzustellen. Das Hofmusenm in Wien besitzt ein Hxemplar des

ophthalmicus aus Sicilien und ich habe Grund zur Annahme, dass es direkt aus

dem Besitze Rottenberg’s stammt. Da dieses Tier, soweit mir bekannt, seither in

Sicilien nicht mehr gesammelt worden ist, diifte das von Rottenberg in einem

trockenen Flussbette bei Catania gefundene Exemplar durch Verschleppung dahin

gekommen sein. Nicht ausgeschlossen ist es allerdings, dass es sich um ein Relikt

aus der Zeit, da Sicilien mit Nordafrika verbunden war, handelt. A. megalops ist

auch in Nordafrika selten. Der A. ophthalmicus des Wiener Hofmuseums stimmt

nicht nur mit der Beschreibung und Zeichnung Rottenberg’s, sondern auch mit

der yerglichenen Type des megalops aus der Marseul’schen Sammlnng auf das

Genaneste tiberein.

+86. Anthicus laeviceps Mars.

Nordlich yon El-Golea und im siidlichsten Oued Mya im Mai 1912, 2 Ex,

( 96 )

87. Aulacoderus (Laferté) sulcifer Pic und var. miniaticollis Pic.

Nordlich von El-Golea im Mai 1912. 49 Ex.

88. Anthicus inoblitus Krekich, n.sp.

Glinzend, ganz gelb, mit einer mehr oder minder danklen, braunen, wenig

begrenzten, den Seitenrand kaum erreichenden Querbinde im Apicalviertel.

Kopf ins Dunkelrote spielend, linglich, an der Basis kreisrund, ziemlich

konvex, nach vorne flacher ; an der Stirne, etwas vor den Fiihlerwarzeln, mit einer

ziemlich geraden, nicht tiefen Querlinie. Punktierung schwach, zerstreut nur an

der Stirne etwas dichter. Augen gross, eirund, stark facettiert. Schliifen kurz.

Behaarung licht, sehr schwach. Fiihler die Schultern erreichend, missig kriiftig ;

2. Glied dicker und kiirzer als das 3.; die 5 Endglieder miissig verdickt, letztes

Glied fast dreimal so lang als das 10. ; zugespitzt.

Halsschild ein wenig breiter als der Kopf, so lang als breit, mit sehr starkem,

von der Basis entferntem ziemlich geraden Quereindrucke (der sich gegen die

Seiten zu sehr vertieft); dieser, namentlich an den Seiten, mit langen lichten,

kriiftigen Haaren dicht besetzt. Punktiernng seicht und zerstreut. Beim ? ein

kleines, deutlich abstehendes Ziipfehen zu beiden Seiten des Halsschildes.

Fliigeldecken an der Basis fast doppelt so breit als das Halsschild, 2}-mal so

lang als breit, hinter der Mitte etwas erbreitet, Spitzen beim 9 quer g gerundet, beim

3 schriiger mit einem kleinen Dorn nicht weit vom Nahtende. Mit dichten, feinen,

ziemlich langen, zum Teile etwas abstehenden Haaren besetat. Punktierung

iiberall, seicht, zerstreut.

Beine linglich, wenig kriiftig, Schenkel nicht verdickt. Hintertibien des o

etwas nach innen eingebogen.

3mm. 8. Oued Myx) Mai 1912. 6 Ex., davon je 1 Ex. in coll. Krekich und

Heyden.

Mit A. Bouvier? Pic aus Obok und Citernii Pie aus Somaliland durch das

seitliche Ziipfehen am Halsschilde nahe verwandt ; von beiden durch die konstante

grossere Gestalt und durch die Zeichnung der Fliigeldecken (Bouviert hat nur eine

Nahtmakel nahe der Spitze, citernii eine gezackte Querbinde hinter der Mitte)

verschieden; A. inoblitus unterscheidet sich iiberdies von A. Bouvier? durch den

breiteren Halsschild und die schwiichere Panktiernng des Halsschildes und der

Fliigeldecken, von A. citernii durch den geraden Quereindruck am Halsschilde.

A. inoblitus hat eine gewisse Ahnlichkeit mit dem A. sefrensis Pic aus Algier

(Ain-Sefra), er ist aber grésser und iiberdies durch die hellgelbe Farbung, durch

die feinere zerstreute Punktierung und durch die anliegendere Behaarung von

A. sefrensis verschieden. Ob das ? von letzterem ebenfalls ein Ziipfchen an

den Seiten des Halsschildes hat, konnte ich nicht constatieren, da alle 7 Exemplare

in meinem Besitze ¢ sind. Doch diirfte dies nicht anzunehmen sein, weil in

der Beschreibung davon keine Erwahnung geschieht. Auch bei der n. sp. scheint

das ? seltener zu sein (anter 6 Bxemplaren nur 1 ?).

(Wien im Dezember 1912.)

MELOIDAE.

89. Mylabris (F°.) Paykuli Billbg.

Nordl. von El-Golea, v. 1912, 3 Ex, Von Algier, Tunis, Aegypt. und Arabien

bis Syrien yerbreitet,

(97 )

90. M. Henoni Fairmaire.

Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912, zwei Ex.; Oued Nssa, Ghardaia—Guerrara,

3-5, vii. 1912, 1 Ex.

91. M. menthae Klug.

Oued-Nssa, 1 Ex. Auch in Aegypt. Fayam.

+92. M. impressa Chevrolat.

Biskra, 1 Ex. Auch in Portugal.

93. M. batnensis Marseul.

Noérdl. von El-Golea, v.1912. Seither nur von Batna bekannt.

94. M. oleae Castelnau, var. Harterti Pic nov. var.

Von Pic beschrieben, Hchange, Dec. 1912, p. 90, nach unicum in der Sammlung :

“ Elytris rubris, post medium nigro fasciatis et ad apicem nigris. Oued Nssa, entre

Ghardaia et Guerrara. Hartert in Mns. Britannico, Londres. Communiqué par

lintermédiaire du Major Lucas von Heyden. Voisin de la var. r?mosa Marsl., en

différe par l’oblitération de la bande antérieure noire des élytres.”

95. Epicauta (Redtb.) sanguiniceps Fairmaire.

Biskra, 1 Ex. Beschrieben Ann. France Bull. 1885, 38. Nur von Biskra

bekannt.

MORDELLIDAE.

96. Pentaria (Mualsant) + Defarguesi Abeille, var. unifasciata Chobant.

Oned-Nssa, Ghardaia—Guerrara, 3-5. vi. 1912, ein Ex. Die Stammart beschrie-

ben Rev. Ent. 1885, 161. von Hyéres, Siid-Frankreich, die var. Ann. Fr. Bull.

1897, 133. von Algier.

ALLECULIDAE,

97. Mycetocharina (Seidlitz) megalops Fairmaire.

Hin grosses Ex. (64 mm.) vom siidl. Oued Mya, v. 1912, und 5 kleinere

(5mm.), je2 Ex. nord]. von El-Golea, v.1912; und Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara),

3-5. vi.1912. Von Pic bestimmt. Von Ghardaia und Ouargla beschrieben, Ann

Belg. 1894. 311.

98. Heliotaurus (Mulsant) (Julogenius Reitter) Reichei Muls. (oranensis

Reitt., Grilati Muls.).

Laghonat, iv.1911, ein Ex. In Algier weit verbreitet, vide Bedel in Ade7dle,

28. 1894. 172.

99. H. angusticollis Muls.

3 Ex. von Biskra. Auch Tunis, Bedel erwahut Biskra.

‘

( 98 )

TENEBRIONIDAE.

100. Zophosis (Latreille) plana F. (Schonherri Solier).

Siidlichster Oued Mya, 2 Ex.; In-Salah, Tidikelt, 21-30. iv. 1912, einmal. Auch

Aegypt., Nubien.

101. Z, approximata Deyrolle.

Biskra, 4 Ex. Nur daher bekannt.

102. Z. curta Deyrolle.

Laghouat, iv. 1911, einmal gefunden,

103. Erodius (1’.) exilipes Lucas.

Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912, 2 Ex.; El-Arich, S.W. Touggourt, 8-9. vi.

1912, 2 Ex.; Touggourt—El-Oued, iv. 1909, 2 Ex. Seltene Art. Durch rippenlose

Decken ausgezeichnet.

104. E, Lefrancei Kraatz.

S. Oned Mya, 2 Ex.; In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30. iv.1912, 2 Ex.; Touggourt—

BLOued, 1 Ex. Auch von Biskra und Laghouat bekannt.

105. E. bicostatus Solier.

Je einmal von Biskra und Onargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912. Auch bei Bou-

Saada und in Tripolis.

106, EB. antennarius Vauloger var. deserticola Vaulog.

3 Ex. je cinmal nérdl. von Bl-Golea, vy. 1912; Bordj Chegga—Kef-el-Dor,

22. iii, 1912 ; Onargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii, 1912. Beschrieben Anz, Fr, Bull.

1897. 307. Stammart: Kreider (Oran), var. von Laghouat—Ghardaia.

107. Adesmia (Fischer) acervata Klug.

Biskra,5 6d,4 22; S. Oued Mya, v.1912,9 3,14 29. Auch in Aegypt.

—Biskrensis Lue. ist dieselbe Art.

108. A. Douei Lucas.

+ Jel o von El-Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912; Oued Mya, v. 1912; Biskra,

4 22 Oued Mya.

109. A. Faremonti Lne.

266,12 Biskra; 1 ? Laghonat, iv.1911, Aus Algier beschrieben. Allard

gab Classification : Ann. Mr. 1885, 155.

110. Mesostena (Nsclischoltz) longicollis Lucas.

Nordl. von El-Golea, v.1912, 4 Ex.; Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii, 1912,

5 Ex.; 8. Oued Mya, v.1912,2 Ex. Von Tonggoart, auch Tunis, beschrieben,

(99 )

111. Pachychile (Eschscholtz) glabra Steven, var. emarginata Desbr.

3 Ex., von Biskra, Hiinfig in Algerien. Desbrochers beschrieb 5 var, in

Bull. Académie Hippone 1881. 11.

112. Tentyria (Latreille) Kantarae Fairmaire.

Je einmal nérdl. von El-Golea, y, 1912, und S. Oued Mya, v. 1912. Von

El-Kantara beschrieben.

113. T, Mulsanti Lueas.

1 32, Biskra.

114. Micipsa (Lucas) striaticollis Luc.

3 mit langem Endglied der Fiihler, 2 Chishn Ouargla—El-Golea,

17-19. iii. 1912.

115. M. gracilipes Fairm.

Hin 3? ebenda. Sehr selten. Fehlte coll. Heyden. Beschrieben Ann. Genova

1875. 522.

116. Himatismus (Erichson) saharensis Chobaut.

S. Oued Mya, v. 1912, 2 Ex.; El-Meksa, siidl. von El-Golea, 2. iv. 1912,

2 Ex.; nérdl. von El-Golea, v. 1912, 11 Ex.

117. H, Lapegrandi Motschulsky.

9 Ex., El-Golea, v. 1912. (Ich kann die Beschreibung nicht finden.)

118. Akis (Herbst) biskrensis Reitter.

Touggourt, April 1909, einmal. Von Biskra beschrieben, Bestimm. Tub. 53.

1904. 43.

119. Scaurus (Fabricius) f calearatus F. (tristis Oliv.).

Hinmal, 8. Oued Mya, v. 1912. Siid Europa verbreitet.

120. S. aegyptiacus Solier.

Kinmal, nérdl. von El-Golea, v. 1912. Von Alexandria beschrieben.

121. §. Varvasi Solier.

Kinmal, Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912, Von Bona beschrieben.

122. S. sticticus (Gemegr.) (punctatus Hbst.).

Binmal, Bordj Chegga, 22. iii.1912, 8. Kuropa. hiiufig.

123, Blaps (Fabricius) Wiedemanni Solier.

E1-Golea, 17-19, iii, 1912, In Aegypten und Algier

( 100 )

124. Prionotheca (Sol.) coronata Solier.

In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30, iv. 1912, 3 Ex.; Touggourt—El-Oued, iv. 1909. Auch

Aegypt., S. Abyssinien.

+125. Ocnera (Fischer) hispida Forskal.

Bordj Chegga, 22. iii. 1912, 4 Ex.; Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912, 3 Ex.;

S. Oued Mya, v. 1912, einmal; Tonggourt—El-Oued, iv. 1909, 1 Ex. Auch in

Aegypt., Syrien, Arabien, und Sicilien,

126. Euthriptera (Reitter) grisescens Fairm. (piceola Desbr.).

Zwei Ex., Touggourt, April 1909. Auch Tunis.

127. Thriptera (Solier) Bedeli Allard.

S. Oued Mya, v. 1912, einmal.

128. Pimelia (F.) subg. Pisterotarsa (Motsch.) anomala Sénac.

Touggourt, April 1909, 1 Ex.; El-Golea, v. 1912, 4 Ex. Von Bou-Saada

beschrieben 1880, Ann. Fr. Bull. 56, Essai Monogr. 1884. 14,

129. P. (P.) Theveneti Sénac.

Hinmal, Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912. Von Suez beschrieben.

130. P. (P.) retrospinosa Lucas.

Ein Ex., Touggourt—El-Oued, iv. 1909. Nach Sénac Hauptfundort, zuerst von

Laghonat bekannt geworden.

131. P. (P.) confusa Sénac,

Touggourt—El-Oued, iv. 1912, 5 Ex.; zweimal von Bordj Chegga, 22. iii, 1912.

S. Algier weiter verbreitet, Sénac fiihrt anch Chegga an.

132. P. (P.) consobrina Lucas.

Nord]. von El-Golea, vy. 1912, 2 Ex.; Onargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912,

1 x.; In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30. iv. 1912, 9 Ex. Anch yon Biskra, Laghonat, Tunis

bekannt.

133. P. (P.) interstitialis Solier.

Biskra einmal. Daher schon bekannt, auch Tunis.

134. P, (Melanostola Solier) gibba F. Gebien (simplex Solier).

1 Ex., Biskra. Wiistenart. Auch Tunis, Tripolis.

135, P. Latastei Sénac,

Biskra, 5 Ex. ; 8. Oued Mya, v. 1912, 1 Ex.; In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30, iv. 1912,

1 Bx. Biskra und Ouargla sind bekannte Fundorte,

136. P. Boyeri Solier.

Biskra einmal, In gauz Algier und Tunis hinfig,

( 101 )

137. Leucolaephus (Lucas) Perrisi Lucas.

14 Ex. nordlich von El-Golea, v.1912. Ann. Fr. Bull. 1859, p. 23. Scheint Art

und nicht ? von nigropunctatus Luc. 20 sein, wie Reitter Best. Tabelle 25, 50

angiebt. Die Decken sind grau beschuppt mit dentlichen kahlen Liingstreifen.

138. Sepidium (F.) Requieni Solier.

Biskra, 4 Ex, Auch aus Laghouat und Boghari bekannt.

139, S. variegatum F. Solier.

Boghari, 29. iv. 1911, 2 Ex. In Algerien verbreitet, auch Tunis.

+140. Scleron (Hope) armatum Waltl.

Biskra, 2 Ex. Auch Andalusien, Sicilien.

+141, Anemia (Laporte) sardoa Geéné,

Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara), 3-5. vi. 1912, Sandtier, 89 Ex.; einmal El-

Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 8-9. vi.1912. Auch S. Europa: Sardinia, Graecia, Marocco,

Syria, Armenia: Araxes. Reitter, Best. Tabelle 53. [Kamen im O, Nssa zu

Hunderten an die Lampe.—t. H.]

142. A. fissidens Reitter.

Nordl, von El-Golea, v.1912, 88 Ex.; El-Meksa, siidl. von El-Golea, 17 Ex.;

S. Oued Mya v.1912, 6 Ex.; In-Salah, Tidikelt, 2 Ex.; El-Meksa, siidl, von

El-Golea, 5 Ex. Aus Ghardaia (Mzab) beschrieben.

143. A. Chobauti Reitter.

Oued Nessa, Ghardaia—Guerrara, 3-5. vi. 1912, 46 Ex. Beschrieben wie vorige

aus Ghardaia, Best. Tad. 53. 130.

+144, Gonocephalum (Chevrolat) rusticum Olivier.

Nordl. von El-Golea, 5. 1912, 10 Ex.; Oued Nssa, Ghardaia—Guerrara, 3-5. vi.

1912, 2 Ex. Hiiufig in N. Africa und Siid Europa.

+145, Opatroides (Brullé) punctulatus Brullé.

S. Oued-Mya, v. 1912, ein Ex. Im Mittelmeergebiet weit verbreitet.

146. Crypticus (Latr.) subg. Seriscius (Motsch.) nebulosus Fairmaire.

3 Ex, yom Oued Nssa, Ghardaia —Gnerrara, 3-5. vi. 1912. Anch aus Boghari

und Mogador bekannt.

+147. Tribolium (MacLeay) subg. Stene (Stephens) confusum Daval.

In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30. iv. 1912, 13 Ex. In Europa, besonders im Siiden

und Nordafrika, meist mit Getreide und Mehl verschleppt.

[Fand sich in grosser Menge in den Hiiusern im Fort.—E. H.]

( 102 )

CERAMBYCIDAE,

148. Polyarthron (Serville) pectinicornis F., Rasse Fairmairei Pic (barbarum Pic

non Lucas).

284, Touggourt 1909. Wiistentier. Lebt in Wurzeln der Dattelpalme.

Siehe Lameere, Ann. Belge 1912. 228. In Nordafrika in 12 Rassen. Stammart

Siid-Oran, Marocco, Senegal. [Wir fingen die Art nicht selbst, erhielten aber eine

Flasche voll in Spiritus, worunter aber nur ein ?.—H. H.]

149. Apatophysis (Chevrolat) toxoides Chevr.

3 3d: 2 nordl. yon El-Golea, vy. 1912, 1 von Bordj Chegga, 8. Biskra, 22. iii.

1912. Wiistentier.

150. Plocaederus (Thomson) Caroli Leprieur.

S. Oued Mya, 7.iv., nérdl. von El-Golea, 22. v. 1912; El-Meksa, siidl, von

El-Golea, 2. iv. 1912, 2 Ex.; Touggourt—El-Oned, iv. 1909, 4 Ex. Beschrieben

Ann. Fr, Bull. 1876. 8. von Hodna, auf Calligonum comosum.

151. Tetropiopsis (Chobaut) Guldei Chobant.

1 Ex. ndrdl. von El-Golea, v. 1912. Das zweite bekannte Ex., Orig. in coll.

Heyden, beschrieben Ann. Fr. Bull. 1905, 157. von El-Kantara. Siehe auch tiber

die Gattung, loco cit, 1902. Bull. 26. Lameere.

152. Neomarius (Fairmaire) Gandolphei Fairm.

1 Ex. von Bedel bestimmt, vom S. Oued Mya, v. 1912. Beschrieben Rev. Zool.

1872. 60. wo es aber nach Bedel heissen muss Long. 13 millm. (non 23), Siehe

auch Reitter, Wien. Ent. Z. 1882. 137. In Siid Frankreich eingeschleppt.

+153. Agapanthia (Serville) irrorata F. var. granulosa Chevr.

Hammam Rirha y. 1911. Auch Andalusien. [Nicht selten an bliihenden

Pflanzen Ende Mai—kE. H.]

+154. A, annularis Oliv.

Ebendaher 6 Ex. Anch Spanien.

155. Conizonia (Fairmaire) vittigera F.

Ebendaher 4 Ex.

+156. Phytoecia (Mulsant) subg. Opsilia (Muls.) virescens F.

Ebenso. Europa iiberall.

CHRYSOMELIDAE.

+157. Macrolenes (Lacord.) dentipes Oliv.

1 S$ von Hammam Meskontine, v. 1911. % = salicariae Ménétr. Biskra

einmal, Oued Nssa, Ghardaia—Guerrara 3-5. vi, 1912. 2 Ex. Siid Europa hiinfig.

( 103 )

158. Tituboea (Lac.) Paykuli Lacordaire.

Nordl. yon El-Golea v. 1912, Biskra je einmal.

v. fasciata Lefebre.

Oued Nssa, Ghardaia—Guerrara, 3-5. vi. 1912, 1 Ex. Die Art in Algier

verbreitet.

+159. Cryptocephalus (Geoffrey) rugicollis Ol. v. humeralis Oliv.

Biskra, 4 Ex. Hiiufig in Siid-Europa.

160. Pseudocolaspis (Chapuis) seriemicans Reitter.

6 Ex. nordl. von El-Golea, v. 1912.

+161. Phytodecta (Kirby) (subg. Spartiophila Chevr.) variabilis Oliv.

v. spartii Oliv.

1 Ex. nérdl. von El-Golea vy. 1912. Hiufig in Siid- West Europa.

+162. Crepidodera (Chevrolat) impressa F.

Biskra, 1 Ex.

+163. Chaetocnema (Stephens) hortensis Geoff.

Biskra, 1 Ex. Beide Europa hiiufig.

BRUCHIDAE.

+164. Caryoborus (Schonherr) pallidus Oliv. = acaciae Gyll.

S. Oued Mya, vy. 1912. Ein Ex, Auch in Portugal, Dalmatien, Griechenland,

Siid-Russland.

CURCULIONIDAE.

165. Leucosomus (Motschulsky) insignis Desbrochers.

Biskra, 1 Ex. Von daher beschrieben Bull. Hippon. 1884. 154.

+166. Coniocleonus (Motsch.) riffensis Fairmaire (fasciculosus Reitter).

Biskra, 1 Ex. Fairm. beschrieb die Art Naturaliste Deyrolle 1884. 446, ans

Andalusien. Auch yon 8. Portugal: Faro und Balearen bekannt.

167. Conorrhynchus (Motsch.) (subg. Temnorhinus Chevr.) conicirostris Oliv.

Einmal El-Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912. Auch in Siid-Spanien.

168. Dicranotropis (aust) hieroglyphicus Oliv.

Jel Ex. yon Biskra, El-Meksa, siidl. von El-Golea 2. iv. 1912; Hl-Arich, 8.W.

Tonuggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912. Auch Aegypt., Syrien.

( 104 )

169. Stephanophorus (Faust) anxius Gyll. (basigranatus Fairm.).

Ouargla—Hl-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912; 2 Ex.; Arefidji, nérdl. von Ouargla,

6. iii. 1912. Aus Persien zuerst beschr.dann von Fairm. Ann. France, 1868. 495,

von Constantine in Algier.

170. Lixus (F.) (subg. Phillixus Petri) rectirostris Desbr.

5 Ex. El-Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912. Beschrieben Frelon, xii. 1904.

74, aus Biskra nach einem Ex.

171. Phytonomus (Schonherr) isabellinus Boheman.

Je einmal von El-Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912, und N. El-Golea,

y. 1912, Aus Arabien, Aegypt. bekannt.

SCARABAEIDAE.

172. Glaresis (Hrichson) Handlirschi Reitter.

Ouargla—E]-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912, 12 Ex.; nérdl. von El-Golea,6 Ex. Je

einmal von Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Gnerrara), 3-5. vi. 1912. ; El-Arich, S.W. Toug-

gourt, 8-9. vi.1912; Laghouat, iv. 1911. Beschrieben Bestimmungs-Tabelle 24, .

1892, 223, vom Chott Melrhir.

173. Aphodius (Llliger) (subg. Erytus Mals.) lucidus Klug.

Nordl. von El-Golea, v. 1912, 8 Ex.; Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912,

4 Ex.; Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara), 3-5. vi. 1912, 2 Ex.; Touggourt—El-

Oued, iv. 1909. Auch in Arabien, Central Asien, Canaren.

174. A. (E.) opacior Koshantshikoy (opacus Reitter, non Leconte).

Nordl. von El-Golea, v. 1912, 5 Ex. ; Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii, 1912,

4 Ex,; Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara), 3-5. vi. 1912, 2 Ex.; Touggourt—El-

Oned, iv. 1909 ; El-Meksa, siidl. von El-Golea, 2.iv.1912. Auch in Tunis.

175. A. (E.) brunneus Klug.

Nérdl. von El-Golea, v. 1912, 2 Ex.; Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara),

3-5. vi. 1912, 3 Ex. ; Touggourt—El-Oued, iv. 1909, El-Meksa, siidl. von El-Golea,

2.iv.1912,1Ex.; Oued Mya, v.1912, 1 Ex.; In-Salah, Tidikelt, 24-30. iv. 1912,

1 Ex.; Hl-Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912, 4 Ex.

Auch in Syrien, Caucasus,

Transcaspien.

176. A. (E.) sitiphoides Orbigny.

Touggourt—E]-Oned, iv. 1909, 2 Ex.; 8S. Oued Mya, v. 1912, 2 Ex. ; In-Salah,

Tidikelt, 24-30. iv.1912,1 Ex. Von d’Orbigny beschrieben Abeille, 28. 1896. 218,

auch von Tunis Synopsis des Aphodiens d’Europe et Méditerranée.

+177. A. (E.) lividus Oliv.

2 Ex. von Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara), 3-5, vi. 1912. Cosmopolit.

( 105 )

+178. A. (subg. Bodilus Mulsant) hydrochaeris F.

Touggourt—El-Oned, iv. 1909, 6 Ex.; Laghouat, 27. iv. 1901, 2 Ex. Siid Europa,

Syrien, Caucasus, Sibirien.

+179. A. (B.) longispina Kiister.

Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara), 3-5. vi. 1912, 12 Ex. ; Touggourt—El-Oued,

iv. 1909, 2 Ex.; nérd]. von El-Golea, v. 1912, 3 Ex.; In-Salah, Tidikelt,

27-30. iv. 1912, 1 Ex.; Guelt-es-Stel, nérdl. von Djelfa, 28 iv. 1911, 4 Bx. Siid

Spanien, Marocco, Tunis.

+180. A, (B.) lugens Crentzer.

Onargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii.1912, 7 Ex. Auch Europa, Caucasus.

+181. Psammodius (Heer) laevipennis Costa.

Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara), 3-5. vi.1912, 7 Ex.; N. El-Golea, v. 1912,

1 Bx. Auch Siid-Frankreich, Siid-Europa, Syrien, Transcaucasien.

+182. Eremazus (Mulsant) unistriatus Mulsant.

Nordl. von El-Golea, v. 1912, 14 Ex.; Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912,

2 Ex.; El-Meksa, siidl. von Golea, 2. iv. 1912, 2 Ex.; Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—

Guerrara), 3-5. vi. 1912, 10 Ex.; Wiistentier. Anch Tunis, Arabien, Obok,

Caucasus: Araxes.

183. Ochodaeus Harterti Reitter nov. sp.

Von Grosse und Form des O. Solskyi Semenov.

Einfarbig rostrot, nur die Augen und das Lateralgriibchen am Halsschilde

schwarz.

Kopf dicht punktirt, undeutlich behaart, Clypeus mit einem ziemlich stark

entwickelten, vorn kantig begrenzten Hérnchen.

Halsschild yon der Breite der Fliizeldecken, licht punktirt, kaum behaart,

mit einer vorn verkiirzten Mittelrinne, die Seiten gerundet, ringsum kriiftig gerandet,

die Vorderwinkel eckig vorstehend, die hinteren abgerundet.

Schildchen linglich dreieckig die Seiten vorn parallel.

Fliigeldecken linger als zusammen breit, ziemlich gleichbreit, hinten zusammen

abgernndet, oben mit Punktstreifen, der Nahtstreif stirker eingedriickt, die

Zwischenriiume dicht raspelartig punktirt und dusserst fein und kurz borstchenartig

behaart, die Nahtkante sehr schmal, fein geschwiirzt, Seitenrand vorn linger, hinten

kurz bewimpert.

Vorderschenkel mit zwei die Hinterschenkel mit einem kurzen hakigen Zahne,

der innere Zahn der Vorderschenkel klein.

Vorderschienen am Aussenrande mit 2 Zihnen, der dritte, gegen die Basis zu

schwach angedentet.

Unterseite und Beine linger gelb behaart, Schienen breit. Long. 5-8 millm.

Dem tuberculifrons Reitter aus Aegypten zuniichst verwandt, aber grosser,

kiirzer behaart, feiner punktirt, dunkler gefiirbt und die Bewaffnung der Schenkel

verschieden. 12 Ex. (davon 2 in coll. Reitter, 4 coll. Heyden) zwischen Ouargla

und El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912. Laghonat, iv. 1911, einmal.

( 106 )

+184. Hybosorus (MacLeay) Illigeri Reiche.

Oued Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara), 3-5. vi. 1912, 18 Ex. ; El-Arich, 8. W. Toug-

gourt, 8-9. vi. 1912, 2 Ex.; El Meksa, siidl. von El-Golea, 2.iv.1912,7 Ex, Anch

in Siid Naropa, Kleinasien bis Turemenien.

+185. Scarabaeus (L.) sacer L.

Biskra, 2 Ex.; El-Golea, v.1912, 4 Ex. Siid Europa, Syrien, von Klein = bis

Central-Asien. [Ungemein hiiufig im April bis Juni, aber siidlich von El-Golea

selten und bei In-Salah nicht bemerkt.—H. H.]

+186. §. puncticollis Lucas.

Biskra, 1 Ex. ; Hl-Arich, 8. W. Touggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912, 3 Ex. ; Bordj Chegga—

Kef-el-Dor, 22.iii.1912, 1 Ex. Spanien, N. Afrika, Kleinasien, Syrien, Armenien,

Tiirkei, [Nur in der nérdlichen Sahara bemerkt.—BH. H.]

+ 187. Gymnopleurus (Illiger) Sturmi MacLeay.

Biskra, 7 Ex. Nordafrica, Siid Europa bis Siebenbiirgen.

188. Onthophagus (Latreille) Bedeli Reitter.

Biskra, 1 Ex. In Nordafrika verbreitet von Algier bis Alexandrien in

Wiisten.

189. 0. nebulosus Reiche.

Biskra, 1 Ex. Von Algier durch Nordafrika, durch Aegypten, Syrien bis

Arabien verbreitet.

190. 0. gazella F.

Je ein 3 von El-Arich, 8.W. Touggourt, 6-9. vi.1912, und Oued Nessa

(Ghardaia—Guerrara), 3-5. vi.1912, und 2 22 von letzterem Fundort. Durch

Senegal, Nubien, Somali, Mozambique, Natal, Madagascar, Aden, Arabien, sind

bis Indien verbreitet.

+191. Onitis (F.) Ion Olivier.

Biskra, 3 Ex. In Siid-Europa und N.W. Afrika verbreitet. [Gemein bei

Biskra.—E.H.]

192, Amphicoma (Latreille) subg. Eulasia (Truqui) bombylius F’.

Alger, 1-16. v.1912, 2 Ex. ; Guelt-es-Stel, nérdl. von Djelfa, 28.iv.1911, 1 Ex.

Ueber Algier, Tunis, Marocco verbreitet.

193. Rhizotrogus (Serville) eburneicollis Raffray.

Hammam Meskoutine y. 1911.

194, Amphimallon (Berthold) obscurum Fairmaire (brunneum Fairm.).

Arefidji, N. Ouargla, 6. iii. 1912, 4 Ex. A. obscurus beschrieben, Ann. Fr. 1864,

240, Kabylie; A. brunneus, Ann. Fr. 1870, 880, Alger.

(107 )

195. Pachydema (Laporte) subg. Flatipalpus (Fairm.) albolanosa Fairmaire.

2 Ex. Arefidji, nérdl. von Ouargla, 6. iii. 1912. Seltene Art, aus Biskra, Ann.

Fr, 1879, 248, beschrieben. ins der 3 Originale in coll. Heyden.

196. P. subg. Phygotoxeuma (Brenske) peltastes Marseul.

Biskra, 1 Ex., nur daher bekannt.

197. Kuroptron (Marseul) gracile Mars.

ELArich, 8. W. Touggourt 8-9. vi. 1912, 76 Ex., nérdl. von El-Golea, v. 1912,

4 Ex. Wiistentier. Von Marseul beschrieben, Adcille iv. 1867, 81, von Onargla.

198. E. confusum Mars.

® Ex., von Oued-Nssa (Ghardaia—Guerrara), 3-5. vi. 1912. Beschrieben Adeille

xvi. 1878, 60, von Laghouat.

7199. Hoplia (Illiger) sulphurea Lucas.

Biskra, 3 Bx, Auch in Andalusien : Ronda, von Heyden, 1868.

200. Adoretus (Laporte) epistomalis Chobant.

S. Oued Mya, v. 1912, 5 Ex. beschrieben Ann. Fr. 1899. Bull. 38, nach 2 Ex.,

aus Tougegourt.

201. Anomala (Samouelle) ferruginea Marseul.

Touggourt, El-Oued iv. 1909, 4 Ex., El-Golea iv. 1912, 1 Ex. Von Marseul in

Abeille iv. 1867. 36, richtig in diese Gattung gestellt, in seinem Catalog zu

Hloplopus verwiesen, welcher Ansicht Reitter in Bestimmungstabelle 51, 81 folgt,

der die Art nicht in Natura kennt. Bedel sah diese Touggourt Stiicke und setzt sie,

Ann. Fr. Buil., 1912.375. wieder zu Anomala. Sahara algérien nach Marseul.

202. Dicranoplia (Reitter) deserticola Lucas (Lucasi Fairm. pumila Mars.).

Touggourt—El-Oued, iv. 1909, 3 Ex. D. deserticola wurde von Lucas in

Ann. Fr. 1859, Bull. 53, als Phyllopertha aus Bou-Saada beschrieben. Fairmaire

inderte, 1. c., 1870, 378 den Namen in Lucasi wegen deserticola Fischer, die aber zu

Anisoplia gehirt. Pumila ist yon Marseul als Anisoplia beschrieben in Adedlle

xvi. 1878. 68, aus Aegypten.

203. Hoplopus (Castelnau) atriplicis F.

Oued Nssa(Ghardaia—Guerrara), 3-5. vi. 1912, 5 Ex.; El-Arich,S.W.Touggourt,

8-9.vi. 1912, 1 g. Auch ans Tunis bekannt. Bedel hat, angeregt durch meine

Correspondenz, die Art genauer untersucht und die Resultate in dem neuesten

Heft 18.1912, Ann. Fr. Bull. p. 375, itber die Geschlechts-Unterschiede an den

Hinterklauen mitgeteilt. Die innere Klane ist bei ¢ behaart und Pygidium con-

vexer; bei % glatt. Auch aus Bou-Saada und Tunis bekannt. Es liegen yor

MG Ou 499,

( 108 )

204. H. (Hybalonomala Reitter) Bleusei Chobant.

3 66 Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912, 1 Ex.; El-Golea, v. 1912, 2 Ex.

Bedel stellt loc. cit. die Reittersche Gattang (Best. Tab. 51, 81.) zu Hoplopus,

weil der fehlen sollende Sporn der Innenseite der Vorderschienen doch fein

vorhanden ist. Chobant beschrieb seine Anomala Bleusei in Ann. Fr. Bull.

1896, p. 388, von Ain-Sefra.

205. Pentodon (Illiger) variolosopunctatum Fairmaire.

S. Oued Mya, v.1912, 9 Ex. Beschrieben Ann. Fr. 1879, p. 172, von

Laghonat. P. pygidialis Kraatz, D.E2.Z. 1882, p. 61, ist dieselbe Art.

206. Crator (Semenov) cuniculus Burmeister.

Nordl. von El-Golea, 1 Ex.; Ouargla—El-Golea, 17-19. iii. 1912, 2 Ex.; Arefidji,

nord]. von Ouargla, 6. vi. 1912. Beschrieben Handbuch y. 1847, p. 119, von Algier

bis Senegambien verbreitet.

207. Coptognathus (Burmeister) Lefrancei Mulsant.

Ein ¢ vom Oued Mya; 2 2 ? Touggourt—El-Oued, iv. 1909; 1 % Arefidji,

N. Onargla, 6. vi. 1912. Beschrieben An. Lyon. 1865. 448. Von Algier bis

Tripolis.

208. Enoplatarsus (Lucas) deserticola Lucas.

Je einmal vom Oued Nssa (Ghardaia-Guerrara) 3-5. vi. 1912. und nérdl. von

El-Golea, v. 1912. Beschrieben Ann. Fr. Bull., 1857.56. Sahara algérien.

+ 209. Oxythyrea (Mulsant) funesta Poda.

Biskra, 5 Ex. Ganz Europa, Caucasus.

210. 0. subcalva Marsenl (biskrensis Fairmaire).

Biskra, 5 Ex.

+211. Tropinota (Mulsant) crinita Charpentier (squalida L. non Scopoli).

Biskra, 4 Ex., S. Oued Mya, v. 1912, einmal. Uber ganz Siid Europa bis Syrien

verbreitet,

; + 212. Potosia (Mulsant) opaca F.

Biskra. Auch in Spanien und Marocco.

[Bei Biskra gemein.—B. H.]

( 109 )

valle

LEPIDOPTERA.

By tHe Hoy. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Pu.D., F.R.S.

Tue collection is of considerable interest: firstly, it is the ouly larger collection

from south of Biskra (Dr. Kranse’s collection was much smaller) and south of

Ouargla it is the first record we possess; and secondly, because it contains an

extraordinary number of species which were originally described from sach widely

separated places as Socotra, Egypt, Turkestan, Persia, and India, besides 35 new

species and 3 new subspecies. This is a proof that the true desert species are very

widespread and that similar environment produces similar inhabitants.

The collection consists of 1509 lepidoptera, several specimens of the larvae of

Papilio and Celerio, a number of cases of the Psychid Amicta murina, and a

number of galls of the Microlepidopteron Oecocecis guyonella Gnu. There are

158 species, as follows: Papilionidae, 9; Daniinae, 1; Nymphalidae, 3; Lycae-

nidae, 4; Hesperiidae, 1; Sphingidae, 3; Lymantriidae, 3; Lasiocampidae, 1;

Noctuidae, 59; Geometridae, 14; Arctiadae, 1; Psychidae, 1; Cossidae, 2;

Pyralidae, 52; Microlepidoptera, 5.

RHOPALOCERA.

PAPILIONIDAE.

1. Papilio machaon hospitonides Oberth.

1g, 8. Oued Mya; 1 od, 12, Ghardaia; 7 dd, 12, Hl-Hadadra, between

El-Golea and Ghardaia.

The eleven specimens are indistinguishable from Biskra specimens, and two

half-grown larvae agree entirely with Oberthiir’s figure (tudes, xii. Pl. V.). As

I have never seen half-zrown larvae from the Bou-Saada-Laghouat region, and

both adult larvae and bred imagines from Bou Saada differ somewhat from the

present series and our Biskra examples, I, for the time being, do not care to unite

P. m. hospitonides and P. m. saharae Oberth. described from Laghouat. Should

they hereafter prove identical, which is very probable, the name saharae has

priority. :

Dr. Seitz is quite wrong in treating hospitonides and saharae as aberrations of

machaon; they are certainly a good local race, if not two. They differ from the

northern Algerian machaon sphyrus (asiatica Oberth. and Seitz, nec Mén.) in their

usually uniformly small size, deeper canary-yellow colour, much larger submarginal

yellow patches, narrower black bands, and thinner, more acute, tails. There is

also an indefinable yellowish bloom over most of the specimens not observable in

examples from north of the Atlas. The larvae have longitudinal rows of separate

black spots on a much paler apple-green ground ; not transverse bands or rings of

black ow bright apple-green, as in P. m. machaon.

[For the first time we saw a single Swallow-tail near the Tilmas-Djilrhempt,

in the bed of the Oued Mya, but the specimen was not caught. On the retarn

(110)

journey we saw two in the same neighbourhood, but obtained only one, on April 30.

Later on, from E]-Hadadra northwards to Ghardaia, P. machaon was frequently

seen, and at Hl-Hadadra (23. v.) and from Gia to Sebseb (26. v.) it was quite

common; but many specimens were battered and worn, so that only a few were

taken. It was also seen in some numbers at Ghardaia, and two were caught. It

was always found along the “oueds,” and was most commonly seen on the flowers

of Deverra scoparia, a large plant with a strong smell somewhat between that of

parsley and fennel, On the Deverra the caterpillars were also found, about half

grown and smaller still, between El-Hadadra and Sebseb.—H. H.]

2. Pieris rapae leucotera Stef. ?

3 36d, Touggourt; 1 ¢, Bled-el-Ahmar ; 1 3, El-Golea.

Pieris rapae is fairly abundant all over Algeria, though not nearly so much so

as in Europe. South of the Atlas it ocenrs, as far as we know, all over the Sahara,

but exclusively in the oases. Throughout its range both in the Palaearctic and

Nearctie regions it is subject to much variation, individual as well as geographical,

and the three generations are also distinct. Pieris rapae rapae form. vern.

metra Steph. is the spring brood, form. aest. rapae Linn. is the summer brood, and

form, aut. lewcosoma Shaw is the third or antumn brood. Though the series in the

Tring Museum numbers many hundreds of specimens, it is still woefully insufficient

to enable a correct classification of this species to be made; so I have quoted the

desert form under Dr. Stefanelli’s name with a query. The great bulk of the

specimens found south of the Atlas are characterised by the pale or almost obso-

lescent dark apex to the forewings, which on the upperside in the d also rarely

if ever show two dark spots. Those from north of the Atlas also have the black

markings much more reduced than in European examples. If the many collectors

of Palaearctic and Nearctic lepidoptera would only collect every common species in

large series from each and every possible locality, we should be much sooner able

to give a correct systematic and zoogeographical review of the Holarctic Fauna

than will be possible for many years to come under present conditions.

[We only saw this species in the gardens of Touggourt, in the little oasis of

Bled-el-Ahmar, near Touggourt, and at El-Golea; buat I believe only three were

seen altogether in the latter place, one of which was in a fair condition and

preserved. This “ white’ was only seen in gardens where turnips, radishes, or

cabbages were grown, its caterpillar doubtless living on some of these plants, though

we found none.—E. H.]

3. Pieris (Leucochloé) daplidice albidice Oberth.

10 dd, 13 $¢, Hl-Hadadra; 28 dd, 5 22, Ghardaia; 4940, sands of El-

Arich ; 1 ¢, Bled-el-Ahmar; | ¢, Biskra; 1 2, El-Golea; 22 dd, 3 2%, South

Oued Mya; 6 dd, 1 2, north of Ain Guettara.

This series of 95 specimens fairly illustrates the extraordinary variation both

in size and colour in daplidice in the more southern portions of its range. South

of the Atlas Mountains the colour of the underside of the hindwings ranges from

dark yellowish olive-green with three rows of white spots, through many inter-

gradations to white with canary-yellow cloud-like smears. The smallest ¢ has the

forewing 17 mm. in length (Ghardaia), while the largest has it 25 mm. (N. of

Ain Guettara); the smallest 2 has a forewing of 19 mm. (Ghardaia), and the

(111 )

largest has it 265 mm. (El-Golea). Whether the form north of the Atlas requires

a new name, or is identical with P. d. raphani, as Oberthiir asserts, I cannot at

present decide, as I have no specimens from north of Gnuelt-es-Stel and

Khenchela.

Although in Europe the summer generations (in the north, form. aest. daplidice,

and in the south, form. aest. raphani) show more yellow on the underside than their

spring broods, they never show normally anything approaching the range of

variation found in P. d. albidice.

[P. daplidice albidice was very common along the river-beds in the Mzab

country from Ghardaia southwards to El-Hadadra, and eastwards of Ghardaia, also

not rare in the southernmost parts of the Oued Mya to about 35 kilometres north

of Ain Guettara. Everywhere fresh specimens were flying together with worn

ones, and at Ghardaia, at the end of May, it was difficult to catch faultless

individuals.—H. H.]

4. Pieris (Leucochloé) glauconome glauconome Klug.

1 3, South Oued Mya; 12, north of Ain Guettara.

This species is recorded from an enormous area—viz. from Egypt and Hast

Africa, through Arabia, Persia and Cashmere to Thibet. In spite of this extra-

ordinary distribution, only one local race has been separable—viz. P. g. tranica

Bien. from Persia.

So far there are only two records from west of Egypt—viz. Dr. Hartert’s

specimens here mentioned and a specimen mentioned by Oberthiir as having been

taken by Roland Trimen at Constantine. This latter specimen I have not

personally seen, but short of personal confirmation I cannot help remarking that

the locality seems a most unlikely one, and the identification, therefore, may be due

to confusion with one of the aberrant Algerian daplidice forms.

[The 3 was a beauty, the ? rather tattered. No others were noticed.—K. H.]

5. Euchloé belemia desertorum Tur.

33d, Bordj Chegga; 1 3, Nea-ben-Rzig; 1 d, Bled-el-Ahmar.

This species is not usually found in the true desert country, and is perhaps only

a straggler south of Touggourt.

The range of 4. delemia is much more restricted than that of ausonia (= belia

auct. nec Linn.) ; it is recorded from the Cauary Islands, South Spain, North Africa,

Asia Minor and Syria, and hitherto only four subspecies have been separated :

belemia belemia South Spain, 4. distincta North Algeria and Tunis, 6. desertorum

South Algeria and Tunis, and 4. palaestinensis from Asia Minor and Syria ; the

Canary Islands one I separate here as belemia hesperidum subsp. nov. on account of

the very strong deep orange costa and the large amount of yellow on the underside

of the apex of the forewing. Although the general ruu of specimens south of the

Atlas do not show the marked obsolescence of marking and extra small size of

typical examples of Count Turati’s 1. b. desertorwm and its aberration ecanescens

Rober, they are all not nearly so heavily marked as 6. désfincta from north of the

Atlas. I therefore think that, though they approach nearer to true bedemia belemia

than the latter, they are distinct enough to be treated as a local race, and therefore

retain the name Lv. b, desertorwm for the present,

(112 )

6. Euchloé falloui obsolescens subsp. nov.

1g, Ain Guettara; 4 dd, 2 9%, north of Ain Guettara; 2 dd,1 ?, South

ued Mya.

The distribution of 2. fallow’ has been given as from Algeria south of the

Atlas to Somaliland, and the ? has been described by Rober as a separate species,

E. seitzi.

When in Ghardaia in April 1911 I was struck by some specimens taken by

Dr. Nissen which showed on the underside a great deal of yellow, and the trans-

verse green bands were more or less obliterated. I was going to describe this form

as a new subspecies when I received a male somewhat similarly coloured among a

batch of bred fallowi from Victor Faroult. As he had mixed up the larvae bred

from El-Outaya and Bon-Saada parents, I determined not to describe it till I could

get authentic material. Meanwhile, in discussing matters with Dr. Nissen (the

Danish Consul-General at Algiers), it suddenly struck me that this form with

obsolescent bands might be the summer brood of fallow, just as glauce is of

belemia. This has since been confirmed by the receipt by Dr. Nissen from

Ghardaia of specimens of fallowi taken in March of this year, which are much

more strongly banded below, and do not show any yellow. This, however, by

no means ends the matter. Dr. Hartert obtained the above ten examples in a

portion of the Sahara where no zoological collections have ever been made, and

the males show even greater reduction of the bands than those from Ghardaia.

Although I was still convinced that we had only a case of second generation,

Dr. Hartert was so insistent that there appeared to be other differences, that I

have carefully compared Biskra specimens with Ghardaia ones and the above ten

specimens, and I have come to the conclusion that the form found at Ghardaia

and farther south is separable from those which fly on the edge of the desert and

reach into the region of the “ Hauts Plateaux.”

This form, for which I propose the name of fallout obsolescens, differs from

Ff. falloui in the spring generation in very few points ; in fact, I think the only

real difference is that the green bands are more clearly separated, more definite

in outline. The summer generation, however, is startlingly different ; in the

more northern form the green bands are in the majority of individuals strongly

tinged with yellow and rather more coalescent, the outlines being irregularly

expanded after the manner of the sammer generations of ausonia and belemia ; in

the southern form these green stripes become almost obliterated, and of a

gallstone-yellow colour. Although I have handled and examined more than a

hundred specimens of the summer form from the north, I have only seen two

specimens similar to Ghardaia ones, and none as extreme as those from the

Oued Mya, which are as pale below as extreme specimens of P. d. albidice.

Type, d. South Oned Mya, 10. iv. 1912.

[We took great pains to get a series of this form of fal/ou’, but only succeeded

in getting these ten specimens. They were very much rarer than Pieris daplidice

albidice, though flying in the same places in the southernmost part. A single female

was canght a kilometre south of the gorge of Ain Guettara, in the morning at half-

past five!

It is strange to me, in view of the well-known variability of Pieridae, how

“ Buchloé seitzi” could be described as a new species from two specimens, from the

typical locality of fallow |—B, H.|

(113)

7. Euchloé charlonia charlonia (Donz.).

10 $d, 1 #, Bordj Chegga ; 2 dd, Ourir; 1 ¢, Nea ben Rzig.

This species varies much in size; but there appear to be no separable sub-

species till we get to Asia Minor and Syria, when we find charlonia charlonia

replaced by ch. penia in Asia Minor, ch. transcaspica from Toran, ch. lucilla Butl.

from West Himalayas, and two undescribed Indian forms.

A specimen, evidently wind-blown, was taken by Captain. Holl in Hussein

Dey, a suburb of Algiers town.

[In 1909, in March and April, when riding twice through the same countries,

we never saw a sign of this species, while in 1912, late in February, it was quite

common near Bord] Chegga, and extended as far south as Tamerna in diminishing

numbers.—E. H. ] ;

= 8. Teracolus daira nouna Lue.

13 dd, 4 ? ?, Ghardaia.

This beantifal little butterfly is found in the northern portion of the Sahara

wherever its food plants Capparis droserifolia and spinosa oceur ; it appears to

reach farther north in Western Algeria, as Miss Fonntain records it from Sebdou.

Lneas described it from the Algerian spring generation, which corresponds to the

wet season form of the tropical 7. daira daira. This led Rober to consider it

as the winter form of ¢. daira, which, however, it certainly is not, as the two

summer forms are abundantly distinct. This confusion of the two winter broods

by Rober has led, unfortunately, to the western form being renamed discrwensis,

and thus becoming burdened with a useless synonym. 7. daira daira is abundant

in the Egyptian Soudan and Abyssinia, but whether Arabian and Somali specimens

are different still remains to be settled. 7 daira noune is \confined to North-west

Africa, and the summer generation is not very different from the spring brood.

[2. daira nouns was ouly seen at Ghardaia. There it was quite common during

the last days of May, but the majority of specimens were already in very bad

condition. Once a great uumber were seen in the early morning sitting on a large

plant of Capparis spinosa, while later in the day, when the sun was out, they were

very restless. In 1911, in April, Mr. Rothschild and Dr. Nissen caught three

specimens, in poor condition, and those were all that were seen.—H. H.]

9. Colias electo croceus Tourer.

1 3, Bord) Chegga; 2 dd, Touggourt ; 1 d, South Oued Mya,

Our well-known Clouded Yellow has an enormous breeding range if we take

in C. electo as a whole—viz., from the Canary Islands on the west to Somaliland and

Persia on the east aud from Wurope south of the Alps andl Pyrenees in the north to

Capetown in the south, The Palaearctic form croceus Fourer. = edusa Fabr, is

confined to the countries north of the south boundary of the Sahara, and although

it goes north to Great Britain and North Germany, it is only as a wanderer, ior

it is not found as a resident species north of the Alps. C. electo electo Linn,

ocenrs all over Africa south of the Sahara and on the Canary Islands ; it is said

to have been taken in England, but the record appears doubtful.

{Common south of Biskra, but only a few were seen in the bed of the Oued

Mya.—E, H.]

(114)

DANAINAE,

10, Danais chrysippus chrysippus Linn.

1g, South Oued Mya; 1 2, north of Ain Gnettara; 1d, Igosten, Tidikelt.

This species occurs in two distinct forms thronghout the larger portion of its

range, which again have two subdivisions, The one, /). ¢. chrysippus, form. dimorph,

chrysippus Linn., has the apical two-fifths of forewing black with a white band and

white spots, and among these occur specimens with white or whitish dises of the

hindwings = ab, alcippus Fabr.; the second form is form. dimorph. dorippus Klug.,

which has the apical two-fifths brownish falvous yellow like the rest of the wing,

and again among these specimens with white or whitish dises to the hindwings

occur: they are ab, albinus Lanz. LD. chrysippus ranges from the Canary Islands

and Maroeceo to South Japan in the north and from Cape Colony to Australia

in the south; east of Aden the dark ab. loc. cratippus Feld. is found among the

typical form more or less abundantly.

This is the first record of the species for Algerian territory (it can hardly be

called Algeria).

[The above-mentioned specimens were all that we saw, except one more in the

hed of the Oued Mya, on May 2, which we could not catch.—K, H.]

NYMPHALINAE.

11. Pyrameis cardui cardui (Linn.).

1 2, Bordj Chegga; 1 2, north of Ain Guettara.

This ubiquitous species inhabits the whole world with the exception of South

America, It is subject to little variation, and in spite of the enormous extent of

its range can only be split up into three subspecies: P. c. cardui, whole range

exeept Arctic Regions and East Asia; P. c, pallida Schoyen, with pale yellowish

red ground colour, Arctic Regions ; and P. ¢. japonica Stichel, which is distinguished

by the absence or reduction in the round submarginal spots of the hindwings and

reddish ochre ground colour; East China and Japan.

[Common in the northern portion of the Sahara in Febraary, and now and then

seen as far south as Ain Guettara,—E. H.]

[Pyrameis atalanta (1.) was seen in Biskra several times in March 1911,

and this year I observed one on the road close to the market-place in Tonggourt,

on March Ist.—E. H.]

12. Melitaea didyma deserticola Oberth.

25 33,5 2%, Bordj Chegga to Kef-el-Dor.

Melitaea didyma is the most variable nymphaline butterfly in the world. It

ranges from Portugal on the west to the Pacific Ocean on the east, and from North

Europe and Siberia in the north to the Central Sahara in the south. (It probably

extends right across the Sahara.)

Up to the present expedition this race of déidyma was the most distinct from

the type, being palest in colour, and had the greatest reduction in the size and

number of the dark markings. Oue ¢ in the present series has the ground colour

rufous yellow, thus appearing much paler than the rest; the type came from

Biskra,

(115 )

The North Algerian and Tunisian form has been treated by Oberthiir and others

as the ordinary didyma occidentalis, but it is abundantly distinct. I here propose

for this form the name M, didyma nisseni subsp. nov.; it differs from its nearest

ally M. didyma occidentalis by its paler ground colour, larger number of black discal

spots, and the heavy, sharply defined black margins to the hindwings.

Type 6, No. 1001, Ain Draham, Tunisia, July 1911, Victor Faroult. The form

found in the Aurés Mountains and probably all over the “ Hauts Plateaux ” is much

larger, being equal in size to M. d. deserticola ; it has the darker red colour of

d. nisseni and d. occidentalis, but has much fewer spots, thus approaching ¢. desert?-

cola. I propose the name of M. didyma interposita subsp. nov. for it. Type d,

No. 190, Batna 1911, Nelva coll. This form has also a very different underside,

both the fulvous bands and the black spots being much reduced in size and much

more ill-defined.

[Only seen as far south as Kef-el-Dor, and not farther north than Chegga,

thongh Mr. Rothschild and I have caught this form near Biskra, and farther north

in former years, In 1909 not a single specimen was seen south of Biskra, though

they were quite common 65 kilometres south in one place on the road this year.

—E. H.]

13. Melitaea didyma harterti subsp. nov.

5o¢d, 3 22%, north of El-Golea; 4 dd, South Oned Mya; 38 3d, 21 23,

El-Hadadra; 8 65,2 22%, Ghardaia; 1 2, 26 kilometres east of Ghardaia ; 1 ?,

Oned Segrir, Guerrara; 1 ¢, Oued Nea; 1 ?, sands of El-Arich.

This large series of 85 specimens varies a great deal in the number and size of

the discal black spots, but the essential characters which separate this form from

d. deserticola are present in all of them.

Differs above from ¢. deserticola by its much paler sandy ochre colour and much

reduced black marginal bands ; and the almost entire absence of the subapical

yellow spots is also a distinguishing character. The ?? in most cases have the

black spots much reduced both in size and number. The Oued Nea specimen is

the only one in which the ground colour approaches that of ¢. deserticola. Below

in the dd the black spots on the hindwings are smaller and the fulvous bands

broader and better defined. In colour this new form is intermediate between JZ. d.

deserticola and M. acraeina from Central Asia.

The discovery of this form extends the range of MM. didyma about 1000 kilo-

metres to the south.

[This pretty butterfly was rare in the Oued Mya in May, but quite common in

some places between Ghardaia and El-Golea. It was mostly flying along the oneds,

and rarely seen on the plateaus. It came very much to the flowers of Deverra

scoparia and other flowers,—H. H. |

LYCAENIDAE.

14. Tarucus teophrastus teophrastus (I’.).

8 3d,1 2, Ghardaia; 18 dd, El-Hadadra ; 2 3d, North of Ain Guettara ;

94d,1 , South Oned Mya; 1 d,2 22%, Oued Nea,

The Oued Mya examples, with the exception of one specimen, and one of the

two from north of Ain Guettara, are very much smaller; as the following measure-

ments show.

(116)

Length of forewing: Ghardaia and El-Hadadra, largest ¢, 13 mm., smallest

311mm. ; South Oned Mya, largest d, 11 mm., smallest ¢,9 mm. If it should

be found, at some future time, that the largest Oued Mya example is an accident,

the South Saharan form will have to be separated. In 1908 and 1909 we found

this species numerous round Biskra, and in 1911 equally so at Ghardaia, but it

never was found anywhere except in the immediate neighbourhood of the thorny

Jujubiers, Zizyphus lotus.

[We found 7. teophrastus common in the Oued Nea, and still more so near

Ghardaia and in the oneds south of Ghardaia, as far as Zizyphus lotus oceurred,

Together with Zizyphus this butterfly was absent from all the country traversed

from Chegga to Touggourt and from Tonggourt to El-Golea, also from El-Hadadra

to Hl-Golea, and thence to the Oued Mya, where Zizyphus reappeared, They were

always difficult to catch, as they kept closely to the bushes, which, on account of

their thorns, were forbidding for our butterfly-nets.—E. H.]

15. Zizera lysimon lysimon (Hbn.).

20 83,5 22, Touggourt; 1 ob, El-Golea; 2 dd, Sonth Oned Mya; 15 32,

19, Igosten, Tidikelt.

The Igosten specimens are on the average considerably smaller than the

Touggourt oues, but here again at present I do not ventare to separate them. In

1908 and 1909 we caught this little insect in Biskra and Tonggourt, but we did not

see itin 1911.

[Except for a few specimens in the Southern Oued Mya we never saw this Blue

in other places than the gardens in the oases.—E. H. |

16, Lycaena astrarche cramera Hschsch.

1 3, Sands of El-Arich.

L. astrarche is widely spread, reaching from the Canary Islands on the west to

the Isle of Askold on the east, and Northern Seandinavia and Siberia in the north

to the Central Sahara and North India in the south. The present race appears to

he confined to the Canary Islands and North-West Africa.

17. Chrysophanus phlaeas phlaeas (L.) ab. eleus I’.

1 3, Ghardaia.

This specimen is a good example of the tailed ab, elews, but the bulk of the

specimens of this widespread butterfly which have been taken in Algeria are ordinary

p. phiaeas. Ut is found all over Algeria, though it is nowhere abundant,

GRYPOCERA,

HESPERIIDAE.

18. Gegenes nostradamus (I’.).

1 3, Biskra,

The only specimen we ever canght of this genus during our four expeditions in

Algeria,

{I only saw one other specimen on the road in Biskra.—E, H.]

(117 )

HETEROCERA.

SPHINGIDAE,

19. Macroglossum stellatarum (Linn.).

1 3, South Oued Mya.

This widespread species is common all over Algeria, and we have specimens

taken in previous years from almost every place we visited.

[ We saw single specimens in various places from Biskra to the southernmost

part of the Oued Mya.—H. H.]

20. Celerio euphorbiae deserticola (Bartels).

1 J, north of El-Golea,

The most northern locality I have specimens of this race from is El Kantara.

When Dr, Jordan and I wrote our revision of the Sphingidae, the series in the

Tring Museum consisted of a few dealers’ specimens labelled ‘“ Mauretania.”

This led us to erroneously unite the desert form of Celerio euphorbiae with the

more northern C. e. mauretanica, This is not the case, as we discovered, since

I have collected and procured in Algeria a large series of canght and bred

specimens of the true (. mauretanica. The most southern localities I have

examples of the latter from are Khenchela and Batna, in the Aurés Mountains.

The larvae of C. e. deserticola ave easily distinguished from those of C. e.

mauretanica by their pale green ground colour and sparser dark markings. They

feed, as far as I have been able to ascertain, exclusively on Huphorbia guyoniana,

while (. e. mauretanica feeds on several species of Huphorbia. 1 have taken the

larvae of C. ¢. deserticola at Biskra, Zaatcha, and along the road to Touggourt. in

large quantities, and caught the moth at light frequently at Biskra and once at

Ghardaia.

[The 3 caught north of El-Golea, on May 21, was the ouly imago seen, but

young and old larvae were found in the same district on Luphorbia guyoniana.

—K. H.]

21. Celerio lineata livornica (Esp.).

1 3, Bordj Chegga; 1 3, half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea; 1 3,6? ?,

north of El-Golea ; 1 2, El-Golea; 1%, South Oued Mya; 336, 7 ? 2, north of

Ain Guettara; 693,329, Ain Guettara ; 1d, In-Salah, Tidikelt; 1 ¢, Oued Nea.

This is a widely spread race, being recorded from Portugal on the west to

Japan on the east, and from Scotland in the north to Cape Colony in the south.

C. lineata is found all over the world, and has three sharply defined subspecies :

C. lineata lineata, confined to the Western Hemisphere; C. lineata livornicoides,

confined to Australia ; and (. lineata livornica, inhabiting the rest of the Eastern

Hemisphere.

Whether the race under discussion is a permanent inhabitant of Central aud

Northern Asia and Japan I for the moment cannot accurately ascertain, but in

Burope it is certainly only a migrant from Africa, and not always a regular

one. The last great livornica year was 1906, when great’ numbers invaded

Burope ; one collector in England captured eleven in two evenings, and Dr. Hartert

and I found them in such masses at Luchon that they were quite a nuisance

when working the lamps. On our preceding expeditions to Algeria we have

caught them at Alger, Biskra, Ghardaia, Guelt-es-Stel, and Khenchela,

(118 )

Dr. Hartert found young larvae of this insect in great numbers in the Oued

Mya, feeding on Asphodelus tenurfolius.

[In the southern Oued Mya, north of Ain Guettara, on April 11 many

hundreds were seen flying and visiting the numerous flowers in full sunshine,

while in the other places they were caught at light in the evening.—H. H.]

LYMANTRIIDAE.

22. Ocneria uniformis sp. nov.

12, South Oned Mya; 1 2, Ain Guettara.

?. Palpi orange yellow; antennae shaft crimson buff; pectinations brown- —

black; head, thorax and abdomen cinnamon bnff. Forewing cinnamon buff,

a slight rusty spot on lower discocellular. Hindwing cinnamon.

Length of forewing : 18—20 mm.

This is allied to O. rubea, but the forewings are longer and more produced,

aud, beyond the slight rusty scaling at end of cell, are entirely devoid of

marking.

23. Lymantria oberthuri Luc.

13, Oued Saadana, south of Ghardaia.

I have only seen one other specimen of this rare and beautiful species, also

ad, which I took in 1909 at Bordj Ferdjan, between El-Oued and Touggourt.

The types were caught in Tunisia.

24. Albarracina warionis warionis (Oberth.).

432, Oued Nea.

This very rare species has had a variety of vicissitudes as regards its nomen-

clature. Oberthiir in 1881 deseribed it in the sixth part of his “ Etudes ” under

the name of Bombya warionis, saying he could not define its position till the

3 was discovered. His type was captured in 1867 in the province of Oran. In

1883 the late Dr. Staudinger described two specimens, d %, caught by Max

Korb at Albarracin in Spain in August, as Albarracina horbi (Ent Zeit. Stettin,

pp. 179-80). In their Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearetischen Faunengebietes

Drs. Staudinger and Rebel place Oberthiir’s Bombyx warionis in the Notodontidae

under the genus Pygaera, and in brackets “(hujus generis ?).” There matters

remained till 1906, when Herr Bang-Haas described a 2 from Tunis in Jris xix.

as differing by the partial absence of the discal band from Albarracina horbi.

In the Entomologische Zeitschrift Stuttgart, xxiii. p. 142 (No. 32), November 6,

1909, I named this North African form as subspecies banghaasi, having in 1909

captured a ¢ at Bordj Ferjan on the way to El-Oued, in the Oued Sonf, South

Algeria. Finally, Dr. E. Strand, December 22, 1910, in Seitz’ Macrolepidoptera of

the World, named this same form var. deundulata. I therefore think it will help

to clear up the confusion if I here give a synopsis of the whole genus,

ALBARRACINA Stand.

1. warionis Oberth.

Bombyx warionis Oberth., Btud, vi. p. 230. 17 f. 4 (1881).

Albarracina korbi banghaasi Rothsch., Ent. Zeit. Stuttg. xxiii. No. 32. p. 142 (1909).

Albarracina korbi var, deundulata Staud., Seitz’ Grosssch. d. Erde, vol. ii, Palaearct. p. 133 (1910)

(Mavurpranta,)

(119 )

la. warionis korbi Staud.

Albarrvacina korbi Staud., Ent. Zeit, Stett. pp. 179-80 (1883). (SPAInN.)

1). warionis syriaca Standf.

Albarracina korbi var. syriacu Standf., [vis, ii, p. 266 (1889). (Syrta.)

2. baui Standf.

Albarracina baw Standf., /ris. ii, pp. 266, 267 (1889). (Synra.)

In two of Dr. Hartert’s 2 2 as well as in my own ¢ the discal band is entirely

absent, but in the two other % 2 it is plainly present, only in its apical part it is

almost obsolete, while the posterior half is less developed than in warionis horbi.

The genus Albarracina is now placed by lepidopterists at the end of the

Lymantriidae.

LASIOCAMPIDAE.

25: Chilena hilgerti sp. nov.

2 2 2, Oued-el-Abiod, north of In-Salah.

This new species is allied closely to pura Warr., and its position is next to

obliquata Klug.

?. Palpi and head pale cream-buff; antennae sandy yellow; thorax and

abdomen greyish cream-white. Forewing cream-colour, with a cinnamon shade

becoming paler on terminal third of wing, nervures darker, a pale greyish shadow

line from apex to inner margin oue-fourth from tornus, a raised white median

stigma. Hindwing greyish cream-white, nervures yellowish.

Length of forewing: 24-29 mm.

Type: No. 957, 13. 4.1912. This is nearest to obliquata Klug., but differs in

the total absence of the rusty markings on hindwings and abdomen,

In connection with this species I should like to remark that in several copies

on Pl. I. of his tudes, Liv. vi., Mr. Oberthiir gives a figure of what appears to be

a large white Lasiocampid moth, and says in the text it is a figure of his Bombyx

luteus, which he describes as a small species of a uniform golden yellow all over.

This is a direct proof of what I said at Oxtord, at the Entomological Congress, that

however desirable figures were, an accurate description was of greater importance,

for any author was liable to be betrayed by the inaccuracy of his artist or colourist :

lutea 3% is again figured in tudes, Liv. xii.

[On April 13th we camped in the bed of the Oued-el-Abiod—a river-bed with

much “drin ” and a few bushes of Zizyphus lotus, surrounded by sand blown on to

a rocky plain. There we caught one specimen. On our return journey we camped

there again on the 25th in exactly the same spot, and we then got the second one.

No other specimens were seen, but the night of the 13th was very windy, and the

25th yielded altogether only a few specimens. Iam glad to see this species named

after my companion.—E, H.]

NOCTUIDAE.

AGROTINAE.

26. Chloridia nubigera (Herr.-Sch.).

1 d, north of Ain Guettara; 1 %, Oued Nea.

I have two of this rather dowdy-looking species from Victor Faroult from

Khenchela, and Dr. Jordan and I took it there this year. Dr, Nissen got one this

year at Guelt-es-Stel.

( 120 )

27. Timora striata Stdgr.

1 3, half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea; 1 %, north of El-Golea.

We first collected this beautiful species on the way to El-Oned at Bordj Ferjan

in 1909.

28. Euxoa hodnae (Oberth.).

26,2 ??%, Bordj Chegga.

Was described from the centre of the “ Hauts Plateaux,’ but appears to occur

all along the edge of the desert as well. Rather rare everywhere.

29. Euxoa spinifera Hiibn.

1 2, Bordj Saada; 1 ¢, South Oued Mya.

A widespread Palaearctic noctnid.

30. Euxoa radius (Haw.).

1 ?, Bordj Chegga; 1d, 1 %, Kef-el-Dor.

A most variable insect in size, colour, and marking. I have a large series

of it from Victor Faroult from Bou Saada. We ourselves have taken it at Biskra,

and a few elsewhere. ;

31. Euxoa mauretanica (Bang-Haas).

13,229, Ghardaia; 1 ?, Oued Nga.

This is a most extraordinary moth, and no one at first sight would believe

that two specimens of the opposite extremes could be the same species, hardly even

the same genus; but the fine series of one hundred specimens sent from Bou Saada

by Victor Faroult shows every intergradation from sooty plum violet with heavy

markings to pale sandy yellow with practically no marking at all.

32. Agrotis imperator Bang-Haas.

1 3, north of El-Golea; 1 3,1 2, Oued el-Far, south of Fort Miribel ; 11 dd,

8 ?¢, South Oued Mya; 1 d,1 2, Ain Guettara.

This magnificent species was only described and published this autumn (Jris,

vol. xxvi. p. 142, 1912). I had no idea the insect, was undescribed, as I had

received it under this name from its author in 1910!!!

It was described from Biskra specimens, but I have never taken it there

myself; though, besides the two author's cotypes mentioned above, I have three

from Biskra, bought in 1911 from Faroult. I have, in 1911 and 1912, received

many from the latter from Bou Saada, Tilrhempt, Khenchela, ete.

They differ somewhat in the width and degree of black colour of the two discal

transverse lines, very few of the more southern specimens equalling in this respect

the Biskra and Bou Saada ones.

This species is nearest to Agrotis melanura Koll.

HADENINAE.

33. Discestra vacina (Piing.).

234, Bordj Saada; 4 oo, Bordj Chegga,

Originally described from Central Asia,

( 121)

34, Discestra arenaria Hmpsn.

2 $6, Bordj Chegga.

- Described from Karachi, India. The wide distribution appears to be common

to the greater number of desert species.

35. Scotogramma cinnamomina sp. noy.

1 2, Nza-ben-Rzig; 1 2, Mraier, between Biskra and Touggourt; 1d, 3 % 2

sands of Bl-Arich, 8.W. of Touggourt.

9. This has been mixed up, together with ftreitschhe’ Boisd., with S. trifoli:

Rott., with which neither are conspecific.

It differs at first sight from tre/tschkei by its much longer and more acute

wings and sandy cinnamon colour; the reniform is much larger, and the markings

generally are more distinct but less deeply coloured; basal three-quarters of

hindwing greyish white, not pale wood-brown.

é. Similar. Type, ? Nza-ben-Rzig.

Length of forewing: % 18—21 mm.; d 19° mm.

~ cs 55 treitschket, 16—18 mm.

36. Polia cinnamomeogrisea sp. uov.

18 34,28 22 Bordj Chegga; 1 d Kef-el-Dor.

3. Head and thorax pale grey mixed with cinnamon and darker grey ;

abdomen brownish wood-grey. Forewing silvery grey powdered with darker

grey, irregular ante- and postmedian lines and various spots greenish grey, a broad,

pale cintlamon band from base to tornus along median fold, a shorter similar one

from inner stigma to central one of the three subterminal greenish grey spots.

Hindwing buffish grey mixed with pale cinnamon, an ill-defined broad sub-

terminal sooty band.

Length of forewing : 21 mm.

Rather variable in shade of colour and distinctness of cinnamon bars.

37. Odontelia griseola sp. nov.

4 34, Mraier, half-way between Biskra and Touggourt ; 1 ¢ half-way between

Ouargla and El-Golea.

3. Antennae dark brown; head and thorax silvery grey, freckled sparingly

with black, a black hairline across tegulae and patagia inside and back of thorax

with black hairline edges ; abdomen cinnamon brown-grey.: Forewing silvery

grey powdered and marked with darker grey ; stigma almost obsolete, on holly-leat’

pattern of pale whitish grey edged with black below median vein almost to apex,

nervures slightly marked with black. Hindwing greyish white, powdered

with dark grey.

?. Larger, more ash-grey, and markings and colour of veins stronger.

One @ is strongly washed with rose; this I call ab. rosacea ab. nov.

Length of forewing, d 26 mm., 2 30 mm.

At once distinguishable from the type of the genus marg/ana Piing. by its

much longer and more pointed wings, pale hindwings, absence of stigma, and in

the male filiform antennae, not, as in the type, strongly pectinated ones.

The type species margianu, described by Piingeler, came from Central Asia,

38. Pronatestra silenides (Stdgr.).

1 3, Kef-el-Dor.

I have taken this insect at light in numbers at Tilrhempt and Ghardaia in

1911, and at Gnelt-es-Stel in 1912, and have received many from Victor Faroult

from Bou Saada.

39. Cardepia sociabilis (Grasl.

1 3, Bordj Chegga.

Both irrisor Esch. and inguinata Mab. are distinct species, the latter even

belongs to another genus.

40, Cardepia affinis sp. nov.

1 3, Kef-el-Dor.

3. Allied to sociabilis. Differs in the almost pure satiny white hindwings, in the

position of the inner stigma and spot below it, and in the presence of the strong,

cloudy, zigzag, transverse, ante-terminal brown band.

40a. Cirphis loreyi (Dupon).

1 2, Hl-Golea.

A common widespread species.

41. Copicucullia cyrtana cyrtana (Mab.).

13 64,19, Bordj Saada ; 17 dd, 4 2%, Bord] Chegga; 4 dd, Kef-el-Dor;

338,299, Nza-ben-Rzig; 1 2, Mraier, 1 d, Arefidji, north of Ouargla.

This is a rather variable species as regards colour of hindwing and depth of

marking, some of the more heavily marked specimens almost equalling the race

described below. In addition to this series, in previous years we have “collected

and received through Victor Faroult specimens from El-Kautara, Biskra, Ghardaia,

Bou Saada, Colomb Bechar, Ain Draham, Khenchela, ete.

The specimens from the Canary Islands are much more heavily marked than

those from N.W. Africa, and I propose to call this subspecies Cucullia cyrtana

hesperidum subsp. noy.

42. Cucullia lucifuga Hiibn.

18,1 2%, Bordj Chegga.

These are not quite typical, resembling at first sight more the 2? of

C. umbratica and chamomillae ; ut unless one has had the larva as well as

the imago for comparison it is impossible to safely split up any Cucullia into

subspecies.

43. Copiphana gassana (Blachier).

13, Mraier, between Biskra and Touggourt ; 1 3, halfway between Touggourt

and Ouargla; 1 2, Hassi el-Hadjar, 8.W. of Ouargla ; 1 ¢, north of El-Golea.

This species appeared to be very rare this year. In 1911 we canght it in large

numbers at Ghardaia and Tilrhempt; but also at Tilrhempt this year Victor

Faroult only caught very few.

Like most of the other species formerly united in Cleophana as well as the

species of Calophasia, C. gassana varies much in depth of colour, and specimens of

uniform cream-white with few or no markings above are not very rare. This white

form has been described as a distinct species by Bang-Haas, ander the name of

Cleophana albina,

( 123°)

44, Cleophana chabordis Oberth.

13,1 9, sands of El-Arich, S.W. of Touggourt; 1 2,1 d, half-way between

Touggourt and Onargla; | d, Arifidji, north of Ouargla ; 1 2, Hassi el-Hadjar, 8.W.

of Onargla; 6 63,329, half-way between Onargla and El-Golea; 1d, 1%,

north of El-Golea; 14,4 22, South Oued Mya; 16, 19, Hl-Hadadra; 2 ?,

Saadana, south of Ghardaia; 1 ¢, 1%, Oued Abiod, south of Ghardaia ; 1d, 2% ?,,

Oued Nea.

This is the most abundant of the Cleophana group. It varies from dark

greenish grey with greenish copper bands and white marks to pure white with

coppery yellow bands; the latter are the ab. albicans Stdgr. I have it from all

the places we collected in south of the Atlas, and in quantities from most southern

localities visited by Victor Faroult.

45. Harpagophana picturata (Rothsch.).

1 2, Arefidji, south of Ouargla.

Of this species as yet only three specimens exist: the type, caught by myself

in 1909 at Mraier, between Biskra and Touggourt; a very poor specimen received

from South Tunisia, by Bang-Haas; and the present one. Sir George Hampson

places this and Ailaris Staudgr. in the genus Harpagophana; but hilaris, which

was described as a MJetopoceras, hardly seems to me congeneric with this small

delicate species.

46. Metopoceras omar (Oberth.).

2 34, Bordj Chegga; 1 ¢, Bordj Saada; 1 d, Kef-el-Dor.

In former years we have caught many of this species at Ghardaia and

Tilrhempt, and I have received it in quantity from Bou Saada from Victor Faroult.

It varies in tinge from dark grey to pale ash-grey, and some of the more northern

specimens exhibit a distinct rufous tinge. I have also taken it at Guelt-es-Stel,

Khenchela, and Hammam Meskoutine.

As the number of species is very large and the identification difficult, I fear

the article on Dr, Jordan’s and my collections in Guelt-es-Stel may not be ready for

some time, so I here describe two new forms we got there, and one from Khenchela :

Metopoceras canteneri pallidior subsp. nov.

3. Differs from Spanish and Portuguese M. c. canteneri in being much paler ;

the ground colour is greyish yellowish liver-brown, not deep rufous, the markings

are not so sharply defined, and the white subtornal dot is absent ; the terminal dark

band on hindwing is paler and less distinct.

? similar.

234, Guelt-es-Stel, Central Algeria, April 19, 1912 (W. Rothschild and

K. Jordan); 1 3, 1 2, Bou Saada, Algeria, May 1911 (Victor Faroult).

Ammetopa nisseni sp. nov.

3. Antennae brown; head and thorax greyish liver-brown tinged with yellow ;

abdomen pale wood-erey. Forewing greyish liver-brown ; antemedian, median,

and postmedian zigzag waved transverse lines sooty black, somewhat indistinet, the

outer one strongly bowed out and angled. Hindwing greyish wood-brown with

darker indistinct subterminal band.

( 124 )

One of the three specimens is much paler, the ground colour being cinnamon.

Length of forewing: 15 mm.

44d, Guelt-es-Stel, Central Algeria, April 18, 1912 (W. Rothschild and

K. Jordan).

In the type specimen the median transverse line is obsolescent and broken, but

in the other three it is distinct.

Omphalophana serrata pallidior subsp. nov.

Differs from serrata serrata from Portugal and Spain in its munch paler colour.

The basal third of forewing and thorax are greyish white, not dark mouse-grey,

and the outer third of forewing is pale ash-grey with long white streaks, not dark

mouse-grey with short white streaks. Tunisian specimens are also of this pale

form.

A small series from Khenchela, BE. Central Algeria (Aurés Monntains), May

1912 (W. Rothschild and K. Jordan); 14, 229, Djerba and Ain Draham,

Tunisia (Dannehl and Victor Faroult).

N. Spanish specimens of this species appear to be browner thau Portuguese

ones, but I have too few to justify my separating them at present.

Type of serrata pallidior, No. 1075, Khenchela, May 10, 1912. This race

occupies the same relationship to O. serrata serrata as my Cleophana baetica diluta

does to C. baetica baetica.

47. Criophasia albolineata (Blachier).

1193, 92%, Bord) Chegga; 2¢d¢, 22%, Kef-el-Dor; 1 d, 1%, north

of Ouargla.

I first took this pretty species at light in Biskra in 1908, and have taken it

in small numbers each succeeding year at Biskra, Kef-el-Dor, and other localities.

I have also received three or four from Biskra, Bou Saada, and El-Kantara, from

Victor Faroult. It does not appear to be abundant anywhere.

48. Calophasia kraussi Rebel.

364,19, half-way between Touggourt and Ouargla; 3 ¢ 2, Aretidji, north

of Ouargla; 5 dd, 52%, Hassi el-Hadjar; 44 dd, 18 22, half-way between

Ouargla and El-Golea; 23d, 2 2 ?, north of El-Golea; 2 2? 2%, South Oued Mya.

Like all the Cleophana-Calophasia group of the Cucullianae, this is an

extremely variable insect as regards colour. The typical form has head and thorax

lavender blue-grey, abdomen brownish cream-grey ; forewings lavender blue-grey,

nervures black-brown, a broad white band along median fold and an elbowed one

from base of vein 5 to apex of wing, a narrow line along and below median white

band and a broad smear along apico-cellular one black-brown, fringe chequered

brown, grey, and white; hindwings, basal half greyish white, outer half dark

mouse-grey,

A second form has the thorax buffish brown, the forewings marked as in the

above but saturated with yellowish brown, and hindwings yellowish wood-grey.

This I propose to call ab. drannea, ab. nov.

The most extreme colour phase has the head and thorax white, the abdomen

pale yellowish grey; the forewings white with the faintest possible grey tinge, and

( 125 )

the dark smear and line along the wings, where normally the white bands are

placed, are buffy yellow ; the hindwings pale greyish buff ; fringes of all wings pure

white. This I propose to call ab. albo-ochracea ab. nov.

All intermediates occur.

We have taken this insect in 1911 at Tilghempt and Ghardaia, and I have

received a few specimens from Bon Saada, from Victor Faroult. Hitherto it has

been extremely rare in collections, and there is only a single specimen in the British

Museum, from Fontaine Chaude, Biskra.

49. Calophasia stigmatica sp. nov.

1 ¢, half-way between Ouargla and Hl-Golea; 1 3, South Oued Mya.

3. Bluish ash-grey. Forewing with paler streak below cell on median

fold, reniform stigma sharply defined, whitish ringed sooty grey, an oblique sooty

band from yein 5 near termen to vein 2, two-thirds from origin. Hindwing

whitish grey with wide sooty terminal band.

? has distinct band from reniform to middle of inner margin, a black hair-

line along vein 1 and termen to apex, and a less clear terminal band on hindwing.

Length of forewing: 14 mm. ;

ACRONYCTINAE.

50. Pseudohadena chenopodiphaga (Rambr.).

1 3, north of El-Golea.

Described from south of France.

51. Bryophila incerta sp. nov.

14,12, Oued Nea.

3. Sooty brown, an interrupted black-brown band of patches across forewing

at reniform stigma and a series of indistinct wavy hairlines all over forewing, a

dark patch before apex.

Length of forewing: 12 mm.

52. Bryophila pineti Staudgr.

27 6d, 21 %¢, Oued Nea.

The species was originally described from Spain. It is shown by this fine

series to be extremely variable. The phase originally described has bluish mouse-

grey forewings and the markings very faint. Another phase has the central

two-thirds of forewing longitudinally pale cinnamon ; this I will name ab. rw/fitincta

ab, noy. A third form has the forewings more ash-grey with an oblique dusky

band from apex to inner margin, one-fourth from tornus, and the basal three-fourths

of wing below median fold black ; this | name ab. /stincta ab. noy. A fourth form

resembles the last, but has all markings much darker and more distinct and the

whole wing suffused with black-brown; for this I propose the name ab. safuratior

ab. nov.

53. Prodenia litura (Tabr.).

1 3, Biskra.

This ‘is a very widespread species,

( 126 )

54. Laphigma exigua junceti (Zell.).

1 9, halfway between Ouargla and El-Golea; 1 3, north of El-Golea, 7 3d,

10 2%, South Oued Mya; 1 2, north of Ain Guettara; 2 29%, Ain Gnuettara ;

1 ?, Igosten, Tidikelt; 1 3,1 %, In-Salah, Tidikelt.

This is an enormously widespread species, reaching from Europe to Hawaii

and New South Wales. Laphigma exigua exigua Hiibn. oceurs in Europe with the

exception of the Iberian peninsula, and probably Italy and Sicily ; L. eaigua

Jjunceti oceurs in the Iberian Peninsula, Mauretania, and probably Italy and Sicily ;

L, exigua venosa Butl. oceurs in the Hawaiian Islands, and L, exigua caradrinoides

Walk, occurs all over Africa south of the Sahara; the specimens from New South

Wales are larger, greyer, and very strongly marked; I name this race L. exigua

prominens subsp. noy. Other local races will no doubt be easily separable if large

series from each locality are compared.

55. Rabinopteryx subtilis (Mab.).

19, Bordj Sanda; 3¢¢, 8 2%, Bordj Chegga; 1 2, halfway between Tong-

court and Ouargla.

I have taken this at Biskra in 1908, 1909, and 1911, and also on the way to

Touggourt in 1909.

“ 56. Athetis flava (Oberth.).

1d, ¢%, South Oued Mya; 3992, north of Ain Guettara; 12%, Ain

Guettara.

This is a widespread desert species. I first saw it among José Steinbach’s

captures in Biskra in 1908. I took a few in 1909 at and near Biskra, and we got

it at Ghardaia in 1911, Victor Faroult has sent many from Bon Saada and El-

Kautara. This year Dr. Jordan and I took a number at Guelt-es-Stel.

57. Athetis oberthuri sp. nov.

13,3 29%, South Oued Mya,

Allied to fava Oberth., but much smaller, with shorter rounder wings and pure

white hindwings.

3. Differs from fara in having a row of black spots along costa, two black

spots on median fold, and a more strongly marked reniform stigma, a row of

terminal black dots. Hindwings semihyaline pure white with rosy fringe, not

grey as in flava,

Length of forewing : oberthuvi 15 mm.; flava 19 mm.

58. Athetis clavipalpis (Scop.).

1 8, South Oned Mya.

A very widespread species,

ERASTRIANAE.

59. Eublemma mozabitica Rothsch.

1 2, halfway between Onargla and El-Golea; 1 %, South Oued Mya.

I described this species from three 2%, collected by Dr. Hartert and myself

(127 )

at Ghardaia in 1911, Nov. Zoolog. xix. p. 126 (1912). I have received a few since

from Victor Faroult, from Bou Saada, and Tilrhempt, but it appears to be a rare

insect.

60. Kublemma albida (Dupon).

1 $, South Oued Mya; 1 d, Saadana, south of Ghardaia.

This species is closely allied to mozadbitica, but appears to be distinct

enough.

61. Eublemma griseola (Ersch.).

1 ?, Hl-Meksa, south of Hl-Golea; 1 2, south of El-Golea; 12, Sonth

Oued Mya.

Was described from Armenia and Turkestan.

62. Kublemma deserta (Staud.).

1 3, north of El-Golea; 1d, 1%, South Oued Mya; 14, north of Ain

Guettara ; 1 3, Ain Guettara; 1 ¢, Oued Abiod, north of In-Salah; 1 Oned

Nea.

This species was described from Biskra, but we have never taken it before,

63. Eublemma vestalis (Staud.).

1 3, South Oued Mya; 1 ¢, Oned Abiod, south of Ghardaia.

Standinger’s type came from Palestine.

64. Kublemma sabulosa sp. nov.

1 3, Sonth Oned Mya.

2. Allied to guyneri (Rothsch. and Warr.). Head, thorax and abdomen

sandy yellow. Forewing sandy yellow with some darker clouding ; an indistinct

rusty antemedian and a broad distinct rusty brown postmedian band, the latter only

reaching subcostal vein, an anteterminal bluish grey-brown trausverse band and a

terminal row of dots. Hindwing, satiny cream-white.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

65. Kublemma arida sp. nov.

1 3,1 2, south of El-Golea.

3. Head and tegulae white, rest of thorax pale grey; abdomen greyish

buff. Forewing brown-butt. Hindwing creamy buff. The termen of forewing

very straight and sharply cut, not rounded as in most Hublemmas.

% similar, but wider and terminal margin darker.

Length of forewing: ¢ 11 mm.; ? 10 mm.

66. Eulocastra diaphora atribasalis Hmpsn.

14,1 %, South Oned Mya.

This is again one of the widely spread species of desert lepidoptera. Sir George

Hampson has treated the various named races as aberrations, but there are four

good local subspecies ; 1, diaphora diaphora Stand. from Northern Asia Minor

and Armenia ; 2. diaphora atribasalis Hmpsn., Arabia and North-West Africa

( 128 )

1. diaphora laticincta Staud.; Mardin, Persia, Syria, Palestine ; 2. diaphora tri-

angularis Warr., India. :

FE. d. atribasalis is smaller and whiter than the type; d. laticincta has much

wider black margins and more dusky hindwings ; ¢. triangularis has forewing

strongly washed with rufous. A specimen sent by Victor Faroult from Colomb

Bechar has forewings sandy yellow.

67. Tarache biscraensis (Oberth.).

14,1 ?, Hassi el-Hadjar, 8.W. of Onargla; 1°, half-way between Onargla

and El-Golea; 3° ?, north of El-Golea ; 1 ?, South Oued Mya.

This species was described from Biskra, but I never took it there. I have

taken it in 1911 at Ghardaia, and received a few from Victor Faronlt from Bou

Saada.

CATOCALINAE.

68. Clytie terrulenta (Christ.

238,622, South Oued Mya.

This species was described from Armenia and Western Turkestan, proving again

the wide range of the desert insects.

69. Clytie arenosa sp. nov.

293,622, Sonth Oued Mya.

3d. Sandy cinnamon. Forewing powdered with grey scales, a figure of 8

stigma, ante- and postmedian lines faintly indieated, an ante-terminal transverse

zigzag black band and a terminal line of hairline Iunules. Hindwing has a

broad diseal black band and a terminal row of coalescent dark Innnles.

? has on forewing the ante- and postmedian lines strongly marked sooty black

and the ante-terminal line obsolescent. On hindwing the discal band is less intense

black.

Length of forewing: ¢ 19 mm., ? 19-23 mm.

70. Leucanitis kabylaria Bang-Haas.

1 ? half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea.

This is a somewhat rare insect, and I have very few specimens from Algeria.

We canght two or three in 1909 at Bordj Ferjan and one at Ghardaia in 1911, and

I have two from Bou Saada from Victor Faroult.

71. Imitator straminea (PBang-Haas). F

264,18 29, Nza-ben-Rzig; 2¢d,8 2%, Mraier, between Biskra and Tong-

} ae Fi one!

gourt; 1d, Tamerna, north of Touggourt; 1 ¢, 8 ? 2, half-way between Tonggourt

and Onargla; 34¢¢, 10 22, Arefidji, north of Ouargla; 2d, 19, Hassi el-

Hadjar, south-west of Onargla; 3¢d¢, 299, half-way between Onargla and

Kl-Golea; 4 dd, 6 2%, north of El-Golea.

This is a pure desert species ; it was placed by its describer in the genus

Palpangula, bat it is only a case of general resemblance, as it is not in any way

closely related to the Palpangula group. We first came across it in 1909 between

Tonggourt and El-Oned, and then in 1911 at Tilrhempt. I have also received

(129 )

large numbers from Victor Faroult from Bou-Saada, Tilrhempt, Colomb-Bechar,

and elsewhere in Algeria.

This species is also variable in colour, ranging from pure creamy sand-colour

to wood-brown, with or without black markings.

72. Cortyta fasciolata (Warr.).

1 2, South Oned Mya; 1 2, Ain Guettara.

This species was described from a series collected by my brother in Exypt.

It is quite distinct from Cortyta dispar Piingl, which has the ante- and postmedian

bands much wider apart. -

73. Pericyma rosacea Rebel.

1 3, South Oued Mya.

The only other record of this species is the original description. The type

came from Socotra, This is another example of the enormous range of the purely

desert species. Its nearest ally is P. profesta Christ. from Transcaucasia, which

however differs in its mouse-grey colour and less scalloped hindwings; P. profesta

sacra Stand., from Palestine, approaches it most in having more strongly marked

transverse bands.

74. Plusia ni deserticola Oberth.

1 3, El-Golea.

We have taken this insect at Biskra, and I have received it from Victor

Faroult from several localities. We have taken it sparingly also at other places.

75. Grammodes stolida (F.).

1 dg, Ghardaia ; 2 dd, 2 2 2, Oued Nea.

This is not at all abundant in Algeria—in fact, much less so than its near

ally doisdeffrei Oberth., which, however, curious to say, I have never taken or

received. We took two or three on the way to El-Oued in 1909, and I have one

or two from Bou-Saada from Victor Faroult.

76, Grammodes algira (Liun.).

1 3, Biskra.

This is a widespread insect. I have only seen it singly in Algeria. It was,

however, in fair numbers at Luchon in the Pyrenees in 1905, though very hard

to catch,

77. Anumeta henkei (Stdgr.).

294, north of El-Golea; 1 ?, south of El-Golea; 1d, 19%, Saadana, south

of Ghardaia.

Another widespread desert insect described from south-east Russia and

Transcaspia.

78. Anumeta sabulosa sp. nov.

1 J, South Oued Mya.

Allied closely to Aenkei Stdgr. but at once distinguishable by its sandy brown

forewings and the much straighter and differently placed postmedian and stb-

terminal bands, Head and thorax sandy cinnamon; abdomen pale sandy greyish

( 130 )

brown. Forewing sandy cinnamon washed with pale sooty brown ; antemedian

line much less zigzag than in henhei ; the line which is postmedian in henkei is here

median, and is a convex line not waved and zigzag, the ante-terminal band is evenly

wayed and transverse, not sharply angled and oblique, the terminal row of spots is

larger, and their connecting half-moon-shaped lines are more or less obsolete.

Length of forewing: 18 mm.

79. Anumeta major sp. nov.

1 ?, north of El-Golea.

?. This is the largest Palaearctic species. Antennae dark brown; head and

thorax chestnut wood-brown thinly powdered with black scales; abdomen greyish

testaceous buff. Forewing deep chocolate wood-brown variegated with rough

grey hairy scales; two dark ill-defined patches near centre of costal area, and a

similar dark band from base below median vein carving upwards along apex of cell

and joining the outer costal patch, ante-terminal line oblique zigzag brownish-white,

a large black apical spot, terminal row of spots without white dots. Hindwing

pale greyish wood-brown, abdominal margin and a large patch termen white, the

latter with large black eye-spot, an ill-defined buffish median broad band.

Length of forewing : 25 mm,

80. Anumeta cestis (Mén.).

1 $, half-way between Touggourt and Ouargla; 2 dd,3 % %, Arefidji, north

of Ouargla ; 1 %, Hassi el-Hadjar, south-west of Ouargla; 3 dd, 1 ?, half-way

between Ouargla and El-Golea; 3 ? % north of El-Golea.

This is a very variable species, ranging on forewings from grey-brown heavily

marked to uniform deep chocolate without markings. We took this in large

numbers in 1909 between Touggourt and El-Oued.

81. Anumeta hilgerti (Rothsch.).

1 ¢, half-way between Onargla and Touggourt; 1%, Arefidji, north of

Ouargla; 1 ?, Hassi el-Hadjar, south-west of Onargla; 1 ?, half-way between

Ouargla and El-Golea; 3 gd, north of El-Golea; | ?, south of El-Golea; 1 3,

3 29, Oued Abiod, north of In-Salah.

This varies also very considerably in the colour and marking of the forewing.

At first sight it might be confused with Anumeta cestina Stand., but the bands on

the forewings are differently placed; it may be an Jmétator.

82. Cerocala scapulosa algiriae Oberth.

236, Bordj Chegga; 1 d, Nea-ben-Rzig; 3 dd, 7 22, half-way between

Tonggourt and Ouargla; 6 dd, 4 ¢ ¥, Arefidji, North of Ouargla; 4 33,6 29,

Hassi el-Hadjar, south-west of Ouargla ; 11 dd, 8 2 ?, half-way between Onargla

and El-Golea; 4 dd, 11 ? , north of El-Golea ; 1 2, south of El-Golea.

This is a most variable insect in pattern, colour, and size.

We found it first at Biskra in 1909, and then took a few all along our route to

El-Oued, but did not come across it in quantity till we got to Ghardaia in 1911,

1 have received it also from various places from Victor Farault.

Cis)

83. Apopestes cataphanes roseata (Rothsch.).

1 9,north of El-Golea; 1 3, Fort Miribel ; 3 dd, 8 ?¢, South Oued Mya;

4 $63,8 % 2, north of Ain Guettara; 1 9, Ain Guettara; 1 ?, In-Salah, Tidikelt.

I described this race as a new species in Nov. Zool. xix. p. 126 (1912). The

type is one of our own catching at Ghardaia in 1911. It is very close to the form

described by Staudinger as var, maura, but has heavier black marking and appears

confined to more desert localities, as El-Kantara and Bou-Saada, its most

northern localities, are on the edge of the desert, and it only becomes frequent much

farther south,

84. Apopestes dilucida rosea (Stand.).

6 33,1 2, north of Ain Guettara; 7 dd,6 22, South Oued Mya; 1 ¢,

south of El-Golea; 2 ¢d,7 2%, Oued Nea.

This is one of the commonest Algerian noctuids both in the desert and on the

“ Hauts Plateaux,” but does not go very far north.

GEOMETRIDAE.

GEOMETRINAE.

85. Pingasa lahayei (Oberth.).

1 ?, South Oued Mya.

I took a d of this rare species in 1909 at Biskra at light.

86. Zuleika nobiliaria Bang-Haas.

1 3, Hassi el-Hadjar; 1 ?, half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea; 1 3

north of El-Golea ; 1 d, Oued Nea.

ACIDALIINAE.

87. Acidalia remotata Guén.

1 dg, Ghardaia.

88. Acidalia flaccata Stdgr.

1 g,1 $, Bordj Saada, south of Biskra.

This species was described from Palestine, but is recorded from Biskra.

89. Acidalia romanarioides sp. noy.

633,72%, South Oued Mya; 222, north of Ain Guettara; 2dd,3 9%

Ain Guettara. }

3%. Allied to romanaria, but very distinct ; in size approaching rufomixtata

Ramb, Antennae brown; head, thorax, and abdomen greyish cream-buff, the

abdomen showing bands of black-brown scales. Forewing greyish cream-buff,

densely powdered on outer two-thirds, with dark brown scales, basal third only

very sparsely powdered with these scales; a brown-black stigma, three spots on

costa and a subapical spot dark brown, an antemedian band forked below median

yein formed by the brown scales being denser; a black-brown terminal hairline

margin. Hindwing greyish cream-buft densely powdered with dark brown scales ;

two indistinct discal bands formed by denser scaling and a terminal black-brown

hairline border.

( 182 )

Length of forewing: ¢ 10 mm., ? 10—12 mm.

Some females have the dark sealed on forewings so concentrated as to form

four discal wavy lines. ? Type.

90. Acidalia luteofasciata sp. nov.

288,729, Oued Nea; 3o¢, Guerrara; 1, sands of El-Arich, 8.W. of

Touggourt.

3%. Legs yellow; rest of body and wings satiny snow-white; a postdiscal

broad transverse band on forewings gallstone-yellow.

Length of forewing: ¢ 75 mm., $ 10 mm, ¢ Type. Allied closely to

gastonaria Oberth.

LARENTIINAE.

91. Rhodometra sacraria (Linn.).

2 22, Bled-el-Ahmar, south of Touggonrt.

A very widespread species. Very rare in Great Britain.

92. Rhodometra anthophilaria ab. subrosearia (Stdyr.).

1 3, Mraier half-way between Biskra and Touggourt.

93, Lithostege notata Bang-Haas.

533,19, Bordj Saada, 33d, 22%, Bordj Chegga, south of Biskra; 1d,

half-way between Touggourt and Ouargla,

This species was described in 1906 from a series from various places in Tunisia.

94. Lithostege fissurata Mab.

1 2, Bordj Chegga to Kef-el-Dor ; 1 2, Kef-el-Dor, south of Biskra; 3 dd,

half-way between Touggourt and Onargla; 4 dd, 4 2 2, Arefidji, north of Ouargla ;

2364,1 9, half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea,

This species was described from Maroeco, The more southern specimens haye

a tendency to a browner grey ground colonr, but it is not constant.

95. Orthonama obstipata (I'abr.).

1 $, Nza-ben-Rzig ; 1 2, Tamerna, north of Touggourt.

96. Osteodes latimarginaria Rebel.

1 g, Ain Guettara.

97. Tephroclystia tenellata (Dieze).

14,229, Arefidji, north of Ouargla; 1d,3 22, half-way between —

and El-Golea; 2d, 4 ? ?, north of EI- Golea; 1 ?, Oued Nea.

98. Tephroclystia tornifascia sp. nov.

1 ¢, half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea,

“2. Differs at first sight from ¢enel/ata in that the curved double postdiscal

bands on forewing ran down to inner margin almost at tornus instead of curving in

( 133 )

and almost joining it together with the median bands. The black marks on costa

are larger and wider apart.

Length of forewing : 9°5 mm.

99. Tephroclystia arenicola sp. nov.

2 29, half-way between Onargla and El-Golea; 1 ¢, 1 %, South Oned Mya.

¢?. Differs from tenel/ata by its sandy buff ground colour, in the parallel

transverse lines on both wings being straighter, but much more crenulated, and the

distinct dark stigma in both wings.

Length of forewing: ¢ 8:5 mm., ? 8—10 mm.

100. Ptychopoda sordida sp. nov.

229, El-Golea; 1d, Oued Nea.

3%. Pale yellowish wood-grey, densely powdered with dark brown scales. On

the forewings there are five indistinct transverse bands produced by the closer

accumulation of the dark scales ; a distinct stigma and three very indistinct bands

on hindwing.

Length of forewing: ¢ 6:5 mm., 2 8 mm.

BOARMIINAE.

101. Phaselia deliciosaria Led.

1 2, Oned Nea.

The species was described from Asia Minor, and Dr, Chapman took one specimen

in Spain. This is the first record for North Africa.

ARCTIANAE,

102. Utetheisa pulchella (Linn.).

19, El-Meksa, south of El-Golea; 392,399. Hl-Hadadra, El-Golea to

Ghardaia ; 13,12, Oued Abiod, south of Ghardaia; 1°, Ghardaia; 1d, Biskra.

The ? from Oued Abiod has the black spots strongly reduced and red marks

more or less ran together, besides being of extra large size, giving it a very striking

appearance. This form of variation seems frequent in Algeria, as I have taken

similar ones near Alger and at El-Kantara. The species is common all over

Algeria.

PSYCHIDAE.

103. Amicta murina mauretanica subsp. nov.

Living larvae in numbers, sands of El-Arich, between Ghardaia and Touggonrt.

Unfortunately Dr. Hartert, to keep the food fresher, placed these larvae in a

close-fitting tin box, and did not open it for some days, with the result that all

perished from mildew.

We found these larvae at Biskra and elsewhere every year, but failed to

rear them.

3. Differs from all the other forms of murina in the almost opaque wings, which

together with antennae, head and body, were uniform monuse-grey. Type, Bou-

Saada, emerged September 10, 1912, Victor Faroult.

( 134 )

Larva: head yellowish grey with a number of very fine black hairlines ; legs

yellowish grey ringed and spotted with black; sides and under-surface yellowish

grey ; back yellowish grey all but the Ist segment, with transverse black bands ; on

the 2nd to 6th these bands are narrow, followed on 5th and 6th by a black spot ;

on the 7th to 11th these bands are broad.

The larvae at E]-Arich were feeding on Retama ractam.

In order to make this description complete the following is a synopsis of the

local races of A. murina.

Amicta murina quadrangularis (Christ.).

Wings transparent, whitish grey margins scaled with sooty grey. PmRs1a.

A. murina nigrescens (Staud.).

Wings and body sooty black. ARMENIA.

A. murina albescens (Staud.).

Wings and body pale yellowish cinnamon buff, considerably larger, PALustTINE.

A. murina murina (Klug.).

Uniform greyish white with pale brown costa and abdomen. Urrer Keyrr.

A, murina mauretanica Rothseh.

Uniform mouse-grey. Norra-West Arrica.

The cases of all these forms are alike quadrangular, turret-shaped, and composed

of short pieces of plant-stem laid parallel and at right angles.

COSSIDAE.

104. Cossus aries Piing.

1 ?, Kef-el-Dor.

When I took a specimen of this insect at light.at Tilrhempt in April 1911,

there were only two specimens of this species recorded, which had come from

Palestine. On comparing my specimen at the British Museum, 1 was struck

by its resemblance to the type of Cossus aegyptiaca Hampson; buat its author

thought it could not be the same as mine, for that insect has light hindwings,

while mine had brown-black hindwings like Piingler’s type. This year, besides

Dr. Hartert’s specimen, I received three others from Victor Faroult from Tilrhempt,

one of which and Dr. Hartert’s are true aegyptiaca while the other two are inter-

mediate. This proves that the light hindwinged individuals are not a distinct

species, but must standas Cossus aries ab. aegyptiaca Hmpsn.

In Part 101 Palaearctica Dr. Seitz records a very large specimen from

Tunisia and one from Biskra ; so, like many other purely desert species, it is very

widespread.

105. Dyspessa suavis Stdgr.

4 29, half-way between Onargla and El-Golea; 1 2, north of El-Golea.

This insect is very distinct from jordana Staudinger, and must in my opinion

be treated as a separate species. One reason why its author and others including

myself considered it only a form of jordana, was because none of us had seen really

fine perfect specimens like the present series. I also think that both jordana and

( 135 )

suavis fit better into the genus Hypopta than in Dyspessa, bat this is a question

which would lead much further than any possible scope of this article; it would

necessitate a monographic review and revision of the whole families Coss/dae and

Zeuzeridae, including the question of whether the alteration of vein 11 in the hind-

wing in the Cossidae really places them among the Tineinae in the Microlepidoptera

while its condition in the Zeuwzeridae leaves the latter among the Macrolepidoptera.

In my personal opinion the families Cossidae, Zeuzeridae, Hepialidae and Micro-

pterygidae form separate suborders of the order Lepidoptera and cannot be placed

in any of the families into which that order is divided. Dyspessa jordana var.

saharae Lue. (= Cossus saharae Lue.) isa d and agrees perfectly with the ? Icaught

in 1909 at Kef-el-Dor. It is therefore only a grey aberration of Dyspessa suavis,

and must stand as follows: Dyspessa suavis ab. saharae Luc. A ? sent by Victor

Faroult from near Bou-Saada is very grey, and agrees much better with Lucas’

description than even mine, though the figure agrees better with the Kef-el-Dor

specimen. As, however, all the recorded Algerian specimens are ? 2, it is most

probable that saharae is only the ¢ of svavis after all.

PYRALIDAE.

CRAMBINAE.

106. Surattha strioliger sp. nov.

13,1 2, Arefidji, north of Onargla; 2. ¢¢, half-way between Tonggourt and

Ouargla.

3. Head greyish cream-buff; antennae strongly pectinated, shaft creamy white,

pectinations black ; thorax wood-brown, tegulae and patagia greyish cream-buff ;

abdomen greyish brown-buff. Forewing: buffish sandy grey nervures cream-

colour ; a subbasal black streak above and a basal one below vein 1, a subbasal

and postmedian broad transverse brownish cloud composed of intraneural striae ;

on outer half intraneural streaks of blackish scales. Hindwing yellowish semi-

hyaline grey, abdominal area more creamy yellow.

? has clouding and intraneural streaks and striae darker. The Arefidji 3

has forewings all cream-buff and very few striae and streaks.

Length of forewing: ¢ 14—16 mm., ? 14°%5 mm,

107. Eromene ramburiella lutiella Caradja,

1 gd, Oued Nea.

108. Eromene bella raddella Caradja.

1 ?, Igosten, Tidikelt.

Both these Hromenes were described in 1910 from Biskra.

PHYCITINAE.

109, Myelois nivosella Rag.

1%, half-way between Touggourt and Onargla; 1 3, half-way between Ouargla

and El-Golea.

110. Nephopteryx cleopatrella Rag.

1 ?, Bordj Chegga; 3 dd, 3 ? ?, Kef-el-Dor,

(136 )

111, Salebria komaroffi Rag.

535,229, Oned Nea.

Described from Central Asia.

112. Salebria ragonoti sp. nov.

1 $, El-Golea.

9. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen baffy whitish grey. Forewing

buffy greyish white; base, basal fifth of wing below vein 1, an antemedian band

and a postdiscal obsolete band reddish grey. Hindwing buffy greyish white,

Length of forewing : 10°) mm.

113. Tephris veruculella aridiella subsp. nov.

1 3g, north of Ain Guettara; 1d, 2 2 2, South Oned Mya.

32%. Differs from », veruculella in the rosy sand-colour, not silvery mouse-

erey, of the forewings, and considerably larger size.

The typical form was described by Ragonot from Syria, and there is a specimen

from Northern Tunisia in the British Museum,

114. Tephris obliquivitella sp. nov.

1 $, Oued Abiod, north of In-Salah.

?. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen sandy greyish wood-brown, tegulae

and patagia with patches of sooty scales. Forewing rosy wood-grey sprinkled

with sandy scales ; an oblique sooty black antemedian band with two outward black

loops, an oblique sooty median line from costa to median fold, and a double oblique

postdiseal band ranning from costa before apex joins the median band forming

a large V, a terminal row of black dots———Hindwing silky white with terminal

wood-brown line.

Length of forewing : 12 mm,

115. Staudingeria calcariella Rag.

1 2, Ain Guettara,

116. Staudingeria deserticola Stand.

1 $, Hassi el-Hadjar; 14,1 %, half-way between Onargla and El-Golea; 2 % ,

north of El-Golea.

Described from Sarepta,

117. Staudingeria yerburyi Butl.

1 3, El-Meksa; 1 ?, Hassi el-Hadjar.

Described from Aden.

118. Staudingeria calcariellina sp. nov.

1 2, Hassi el-Hadjar.

?. Differs from ecalcariedia in the forewings and thorax being silvery ash-grey

with sandy wood-brown fringe to former ; one-third from base on vein 1 is a brown

patch and a similar streak on outer third ; a row of dark subterminal striae, and

the whole forewing sparingly powdered with dark scales,

( 137 )

119. Staudingeria aspilatella Rag.

13,19, Oned Nea; 1 ¢, Bled-el-Ahmar, south of Touggourt.

Described from Askabad.

120. Heterographis ochrotaeniella Rag.

1 ?, north of In-Salah.

The type came from Ordnbad.

121. Heterographis sabulosellus Stdgr.

1 3, El-Meksa.

Described from Nochur.

122. Heterographis brabantella D. Lucas.

1 4, half-way between Touggourt and Ouargla ; 1 2, half-way between Onarela

and Il-Golea ; 1 2, South Oued Mya.

. Described from Algeria.

123. Heterographis carnea Rothsch. and Warr.

13, El-Meksa.

My brother got the type in Egypt.

124. Syria variabilis sp. nov.

19,3 ¢ %, Hassi el-Hadjar; 1 $, El-Meksa

3 ? appears in two phases with intermediates.

I. Dark phase. Antennae whitish with brown serrations ; head, thorax, and

abdomen rufous wood-brown.— Forewing, costal third buffy cream, median third

rusty black-brown, and lowest third brownish sandy yellow, irrorated with brown

scales. — Hindwing satiny greyish white, terminal edge wood-grey.

IJ. Light phase. Antennae, head, and body paler. Forewing cinnamon buff

slightly sprinkled with brownish scales, above subcostal vein buffish cream-colour.

The El-Meksa 2 has the brown scaling on the wings much stronger and the

pale costal area absent.

Length of forewing, ¢ 11—12°5 mm., ? 11°5—14 mm.

125. Syria fuliginosa spec. nov.

1 ?, Mraier.

?. Antennae black ; head rufous ; thorax black-brown, tegulae rafous, patagia

rafous tipped with greyish buff ; abdomen variegated black-brown and greyish.—-

Forewing brown-black, a subbasal patch and costal area buffy grey powdered with

black scales, a subbasal rufous patch between vein 1 and inner margin, a postdiscal

whitish waved transverse line followed by a large rufous patch from tornus to vein 6,

fringe variegated grey and brown, Hindwing silky wood-grey.

Length of forewing, 12 mm,

126. Homeosoma privata WIk.

1 ¥, Sonth Oned Mya.

( 138 )

ANERASTIINAE.

127. Baroda minutella Hmpsn.

1 3, Arefidji, north of Ouargla.

Described from Deesa, India.

128. Prophtasia platycerella Rag.

2464,3 23, South Oued Mya,

This species was described from Central Asia.

129. Saluria maculivitella Rag.

1 2, north of El-Golea; 1 ¢,1 2, South Oned Mya.

This insect was described from the Caneasus.

130. Lymire lactealis sp. nov.

1 6, half-way between Onargla and El-Golea ; 1 %, Igosten, Tidikelt ; 1 d,

north of H1-Golea.

3%. Antennae strongly serrate, white, serrations brown; head cream-white ;

thorax and abdomen greyish sandy buff. Forewing creamy sandy buff, above

and on subcostal vein creamy white-——Hindwing semihyaline silky cream-white.

2 Type.

Length of forewing, d 135 mm., 9 12°56 mm.

131. Anerastia ablutella Zell.

292, Oued Nea.

132. Anerastia majorella sp. nov.

1 %, half-way between Onargla and El-Golea.

?. Similar to ablufella, but much larger, Head, antennae, and thorax buffy

lemon-yellow; abdomen buff_—Forewing buff lemon-yellow with brown disco-

cellular dot. Hindwing semihyaline white.

Length of forewing : ablutella 6°5 mm.

a 7 majorella 10 mm,

GALLERIINAE.

133, Arenipses sabella Hmpsn.

1 3,1 ¢, In-Salah.

This species was described from Fao on the Persian Gulf.

134, Enosoma albicantalis sp. nov.

1 ¢,2 22%, north of El-Golea ; 13,1 2, south of El-Golea; 1 d,1 $, Oued

Nea; 1 2, sands of El-Arich, 8.W. of Touggourt.

3%, Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen pale sand-colour—Forewing

uniform buffy pinkish cream-colour,— Hindwing satiny cream-white.

Length of forewing, d 135—15 m m, ? 12°5—15°5 mm,

(139 )

PYRALINAE.

135. Crocalia aglossalis Rag.

1 %, South Oued Mya.

136, Ulotricha algerialis Hmpsn.

2 9, north of El-Golea; 8 dd, 4 22, Oued Nea.

The beantiful apple-green of the discal third of forewing soon fades if the

specimens are relaxed: like Zygaenidae and green Geometridae they ought to be set

when fresh, but on a long difficult desert journey this would be impossible.

157. Aglossa rubralis Hmpsn.

1 ?, half-way between Touggourt and Ouargla; 1 3, half-way between Ouarela

and El-Golea; 2 dd, South Oued Mya.

This species was described from Biskra.

138. Aglossa cuprealis Linn.

1 2, South Oned Mya.

A wide-ranging species.

139. Constantia myalis sp. nov.

346d, 3 2%, South Oued Mya.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen sandy buff, strongly powdered with rufous

scales ; antennae strongly pectinated, shaft whitish, pectinations brown. Fore-

wing brownish buff, densely clothed with brownish rufous scales; an ante-

median serpentine and a postmedian strongly curved and angled transverse line

white; a white terminal line, fringe dotted with white——Hindwing buffish

wood-grey, densely clothed with sandy rufous scales, with an obsolete shadowy

postdiscal line, fringe chequered with white.

? much larger.

Length of forewing: ¢ 9—12 mm.; ¢ 15—16°5 mm.

140. Constantia longidentalis sp. uoy.

1 3, half-way between Ouargla and E]-Golea.

3. Head testaceous buff; antennae strongly and evenly pectinated, brown ;

thorax and abdomen buftish wood-brown. Forewing pale wood-brown, densely

covered with dark brown scales ; an antemedian angled band buff edged outwardly

with dark brown, a buffish white spot with deep brown one joined on at apex of

cell, a postdiscal cream-buff transverse band from which runs in to middle of wing

along median fold a large wedge-shaped patch. Hindwings wood-grey with

whitish postdiscal band.

Length of forewing : 11:5 mm. -

141. Constantia syrtalis Rag.

1 ?, Mraier, between Biskra and Touggourt.

142. Constantia canifusalis Hmpsn.

234, south of El-Golea ; 1 3,1 ¢, El-Meksa.

This species was described from the neighbourhood of Biskra,

( 140 )

143. Constantia poliopastalis Hmpsn.

288,17, half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea.

This was also described from Biskra.

144. Constantia bleusei Oberth.

1 3. South Oned Mya.

145, Constantia dilutalis sp. nov.

1 3, In-Salah.

9. Head, antennae, thorax and abdomen greyish sandy buff. Forewing

whitish, clouded all over with sandy greenish buff; a transverse light antemedian

line and a curved darker postdiscal line. Hindwing satiny semihyaline cream-

white.

Length of forewing: 12 mm,

146. Constantia aridalis sp. nov.

229, South Oned Mya.

?. Head, antennae, thorax and abdomen sandy brownish orange-——Forewing

sandy buff, densely clothed with brownish orange scales ; a row of obsolete darker

dots along costa and termen.—Hindwings bnff with obsolete darker discal line.

Length of forewing : 10—12 mm.

147. Constantia species ?

14, Batna.

The specimen is very rubbed and not at present identifiable,

148. Tretopheryx numidalis Hmpsn.

1%, Oued Abiod, south of Ghardaia.

PYRAUSTINAE,

149. Evergestis renatalis Oberth.

1%, South Oned Mya,

150, Nomophila noctuella Schiff.

1, Bordj Chegga; 14, 1%, Hassi el-Hadjar; 2 dd, half-way between

Ouargla and El-Golea; 10¢¢, 72%, South Oued Mya; 1 ¢, north of Ain

Guettara ; 1 9, In-Salah; 1 3, Oued Nea.

This is one of the widest-spread and commonest of the Palaearctie Pyralidae.

Tt varies much in colour and marking, from wood-brown with heavy black bars and

dark brown striae to pale wood-brown with no apparent markings.

151. Mecyna gilvata Fabr.

1 3, north of Ain Guettara ; 1d, Oued Nea.

This is a world-wide species, though not very abundant anywhere,

152. Calamochrous rufoarenalis sp. nov.

222, north of Ain Guettara.

?. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen cinnamon rufous sand-colour,

Forewing cinnamon sand-colour, densely covered with cinnamon rafons scales; an

(141 )

oblique curved antemedian and a similar postmedian transverse line, darker

rufous. Hindwing rufous cinnamon sand-coloured.

Length of forewing : 13°5—15 mm.

153. Cybolomia arenalis Hmpsn,

1 ?, Bordj Chegga; 1 3, Mraier, between Biskra and Touggourt.

Described from Biskra region.

154. Metasia pseudobotys sp. noy.

1 3,1 %, South Oued Mya.

3. Antennae very long, pale sandy brown; head and thorax sandy brownish

yellow ; abdomen long, buftish sand-colour. Forewing sandy brownish yellow ;

a black spot at base of costa, an interrupted blackish antemedian line, a blackish

streak at end of cell, jast beyond which is an interrupted blackish transverse line,

a postdiscal blackish transverse line from costa to vein 2, and a terminal line of

blackish streaks ——Hindwing slightly paler than forewing, with faint traces of

discal line.

?. Smaller, with much shorter antennae, and the lines on forewing

fainter.

Length of forewing: ¢ 12 mm., ? 95 mm.

Length of antennae: ¢ 16 mm., ? 7 mm.

The long antennae and body and general facies of the 3 vive this insect at

first sight a very Botys-like appearance.

155. Metasia mzabi sp. nov.

1 3g, Oued Nea.

6. Head white; antennae yellowish ; thorax and abdomen ochre-yellow, ends

of patagia white. Forewing white; basal fourth, costal area, and outer fifth of

wing sandy brownish orange; a large stigma sandy yellow encircled with brown ;

an antemedial straight and a postmedial curved transverse band chocolate-brown,

a very thin terminal brown hairline; fringe chequered brownish and white.

Hindwing white; stigma, a faint postdiscal band and a terminal band sandy brownish

orange, fringe white with dark dots.

Length of forewing : 11 mm.

156. Cornifrons ulceratalis Led.

1 2, Bordj Chegga; 1 3d, 3%, Nza ben Rzig; 2 dd, 7 22, half-way

between Touggourt and Ouargla; 1 d, 21 2%, Hassi el-Hadjar; 3 292, half-way

between Ouargla and El-Golea; 1 6,2 2%, north of El-Golea; | ?, north of

Ain Guettara; 1 ?, Ain Guettara; 1 ¢, Igosten, Tidikelt; 1 9, In-Salah.

This species was redescribed by Oberthiir under the name of Scoparia

seriziatalis.

. It is a most variable species, ranging from pale wood-brown with heavy black-

brown bands and patches to pale sandy yellow with no markings at all.

157. Noctuelia desertalis Hiibu.

1 %, half-way between Touggourt and Ouargla; 3 ¢¢, 3 22, Hassi el-

Hadjar; 433,699, half-way between Onargla and El-Golea; 1 3,2 99,

north of El-Golea ; 1 %, South Oued Mya; 1 3,1 ¢, Ain Guettara,

(142 )

MICROLEPIDOPTERA.

TINEIDAE.

Catabola, gen. n. (Drnt.), (cataBory = a beginning.)

Type: Tineola biskraclla Rbl.

Antennae = 1, thick, joints short, basal joint widened, without pecten; labial

palpi moderate, porrect, densely scaled, median joint with a few apical setae ;

maxillary palpi, haustellam, and ocelli obsolete; head and face roughly tufted;

thorax with appressed scales. Forewing ovate-lanceolate, dorsum slightly im-

pressed at vein 1; neuration: eleven veins, 8 absent (coincident with 7 or 9); 7—9

stalked, 7 to costa; 2—4 about equidistant, 4—5 short-stalked, media to below 6,

11 from before middle, 1 basally furecate. Hindwing ovate-lanceolate ; nenra-

tion: eight veins, all separate, the distances between each evenly diminishing

from 2—6, media to above 6,6 nearer to 5 than to 7; abdomen flattened ; legs,

hind-tibiae hairy above.

Slide: ¢ (96999) Mus. Wlsm. B.M.

The face is excavate between the eyes, but this is probably characteristic of

the 3d only.

Allied to Promasia Chrtn., Stathmopolitts “VYism., and Malacyntis Meyr.

(Drut.).

158. Catabola biskraélla (Iebel).

1 gd, South Oued Mya.

Described from Biskra.

Has been recorded from Biskra by Rey. A. E. Eaton, and from Hammam-es-

Salahin, near Biskra, by Lord Walsingham.

159. Episcardia lardatella Ld.

1 2, north of Ain Guettara; 1 ¢, South Oued Mya.

Described from Syria in 1858, this species has been recorded from Lambessa,

Aurés Mountains, by Chretien in 1904, and by Joannis from Tunisia in 1911.

It has also been got by the Rev. A, E. Eaton at Biskra in May 1894 and

April 1895.

TORTRICIDAE.

NGS shy

1 3, Oued Nea; in too bad condition for identification.

GELECHIADAE.

161. Oecocecis guyonella Gn.

Dr. Hartert bronght home a large number of galls of this species collected

in June between Elalia and Tonggourt on Limoniastrum guyonianum. 1

collected them myself in 1908 at Biskra, and there are specimens from the same

place collected by the Rey. A. E. Eaton. At the time of writing (November 1,

1912) the galls collected by Dr. Hartert contain full-grown living larvae,

PER py

( 143 )

162. Phthoimaea eremaula Meyr.

1 ?, Kef-el-Dor. Is in very poor condition.

In conclusion I have to thank Mr. L. B. Prout and Mr. J. H. Durrant for

working out the Geometridae and the Microlepidoptera, and Sir George Hampson

for the great assistance he afforded me with the Noctuidae and Pyralidae. The

new genus Catabola is described by Mr. Durrant. I have described in this

article 35 new species, 3 new subspecies, and 5 new aberrations out of Mr. Hartert’s

Saharan collection, and 1 new species and 6 new subspecies from elsewhere.

VIII.

SIPHONAPTERA,

By K. JORDAN, Pu.D., ano Tur Hon. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A.

Tux sixteen specimens of fleas collected during Dr. Hartert’s expedition to In-Salah

belong to four different species of Xenopsylla, one of the species being new to

science. The genus Xenopsylia is typical of the deserts and steppes of temperate

Africa and Asia, although in the tropics the genus is by no means restricted to

desert regions. None of the species of Xenopsylia occur in Western and Central

Europe, with the exception of X. cheopis, which has become cosmopolitan with

its hosts, the rats frequenting ships.

1. Xenopsylla cleopatrae Roths. (1908).

4 $9, from Fort Miribel, 138 km. south of El-Golea, 5. iv. 1912, off Dipodillus

campestris rozsikae.

1d 1 2, from Oued el-Abiod, north of In-Salah, 24. iv. 1912.

1 2, from the Southern Oued Mya, 7. v. 1912, on bed in tent.

The species likewise occurs on the Central Plateaux of Algeria, and is also

recorded from Hgypt and the Sudan.

2. Xenopsylla nubicus Roths. (1903).

14,3 2%, from 85 km. south of Hl-Golea, 10. v. 1912, off Juculus jaculus.

One of the ? ? is possibly X. chersinus Roths. (1906).

The species is known from Hgypt and Syria.

3. Xenopsylla regis Roths. (1903).

1d,19%, from Fort Miribel, 138 km. sonth of El-Golea, 5, iv. 1912, off

Dipodillus campestris rozsikae.

The species was originally described from Lahej in South Arabia.

Apart from the bristles and the genital organs, X. regis is characterised by

the genal edge being widened downward into a broad and obtuse lobe, This lobe

is much longer and more triangular than in the allied species, but shorter and

blunter than the hook-like genal lobe of Pariodontis riggenbachi.

(144)

4. Xenopsylla taractes spec. nov. (text-fig.).

234, from half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea, 19. iii. 1912, off Meriones

schousboe?.

A close ally of Y. mycerini Roths. (1904) and X. ramesis Roths. (1904). It

is nearer to the former, the ¢ bearing two ventral bristles on each side of the

eighth abdominal sternite as in mycerini, whereas this segment of ramesis has

a row of bristles instead. The genital armature of the ninth tergite consists of

three processes. The upper (and outer) process, F in text-fig., is the largest,

‘SVilst,

Modified abdominal segments of ¢ of X. taractes..

lt is less broad at the apex than in XY. ramesis, and also less markedly truncate

than in that species, while it is rather broader apically than in X. mycerini. The

number of bristles on this process and their size are slightly variable. The

processes P! and P? (cf. text-fig.) are much less chitinised than process F. In

X. mycerini process P! almost reaches to the apex of process F, but in the present

species it is much shorter than F, being also broader than the corresponding

process of X. mycerini. Process P? is different in shape from that process of

X. mycerini and ramesis, and bears two minute hairs, The ninth sternite (ix. st.)

is rather broad throughout, with the apex obliquely rounded, as shown in the

figure, ;

( 145 )

TX.

PFLANZEN,

Von Pror. Dr. G. SCHWEINFURTH.

[Die Reise wurde zu zoologischen Zwecken unternommen und Pflanzen konnten

nur gelegentlich nebenher gesammelt werden. Da ich ausserdem nur sehr geringe

hotanische Kenntnisse besass, mussten die Beobachtungen auf wenige Arten

beschriinkt bleiben und manche Mitteilungen iiber nur Beobachtetes mussten

unterbleiben, um nicht in Irrtiimer zu verfallen. Diese Sammlung ist dem Konig].

Botanischen Museum in Dahlem bei Berlin iiberwiesen worden.—E. H. |

CHARACEAE,

1. Chara foetida L. var.

[Diese Wasserpflanze war ungemein hiufig in den Wassergriben der Oase

yon In-Salah.*—K. H.]

GRAMINACEAE.

Aristida pungens Desf.

[Der “ Drin” der Araber ist weitverbreitet in den Flugsandgebieten, von den

Diinen zwischen Touggourt und El-Oued und Bledet-Ahmar bis zum Flussbette

des Oued el-Abiod siidlich von Ain Guettara.

Der Drin ist eine wertyolle Futterpflanze der Kamele, Pferde und Maultiere,

und wird auch in getrocknetem Zustande hier und da in den Oasen verkauft.

Anch werden die Samen trotz ihrer Kleinheit hier und da gesammelt und als

Nahrungsmittel der Menschen verwertet.

Prof. Koenig (Reisen und Forschungen in Algerien, p. 60 v.a.) spricht an

mehreren Stellen von “ Halfa,’ das bei Bledet-Ahmar und anderwiirts in der

Sahara vorkommen soll. Indes ist Halfa (Stipa tenacissima L.) eine Pflanze der

“Hauts Plateaux” und der Atlasvorberge und kommt siidlich von Biskra nicht

mehr vor, reicht auch weiter westlich nicht weiter als Laghouat nach Siiden hinunter.

Jedenfalls hat Koenig Aristida pungens oder eine Andropogon-Art mit dem eigent-

lichen Halfa verwechselt.—E. H. |

Stipa tortilis Desf.

[Bei Chegga und anderwiirts siidlich von Biskra hiiufig, hier und da kleine

Fliichen bedeckend, Beliebte Nahrungspflanze von Gazellen und Hasen.—k&. H. |

2. Aristida plumosa Vahl.

Durch die grossen Wiistengebiete der nérdlichen Hemisphaere von Marokko

ther Aegypten bis nach Persien und Arabien verbreitet bevorzugt dieses

ausdanernde Federgras die Sandflichen der Diinenhiigel, siedelt sich aber ebenso

* Die Namen der Oertlichkeiten sind nach franzésischer Orthographie, der auf den Karten dieser

Landesteile tiblichen entsprechend, wiedergegeben,

( 146 )

danernd auf steinigem Grande an, zwischen Gerdille, in Felstriimmern und in den

Spalten des festen Gesteins. Die Araber haben in allen Gebieten ftir diese Art

und fiir die niichstverwandten denselben Namen “nssi” oder “nessi.” Alle

Aristiden gelten trotz der Winzigkeit ihrer Hame fiir eine vorziigliche und

besonders niihrkriiftige Weide der Kamele.

[Warde in Menge im Oued Saret, nérdlich von Fort Miribel, und unmittelbar

siidlich vom Platean von Tademait gefunden. Beliebte Gazellenweide. Oft

beetartig kleine Fliichen bedeckend. Anch im Oned-Nea (Nssa oder Nessa)

zwischen Ghardaia nnd Guerrara.—R. H.]

3. Andropogon annulatus l’orsk.

Hine Grasart von ausserordentlicher Verbreitang in Liindern sehr verschieden-

artiger Klimate. In Aegypten ist sie fiir die schwarze Nilerde charakteristisch,

obgleich sie sich immer an unbewiisserten Stellen, vornehmlich an Weg- und

Feldriindern ansiedelt. In die Oasen der Sahara wird sie wohl durch die Kultur-

pflanzer. gelangt sein ; in den éstlichen Saharagebiecten scheint sie zu fehlen, aber

im Siiden von Marokko, Algerien und Tunesien wird sie vielfach angegeben. Die

Art ist auch in den Halbwiisten und Steppengebieten von Nubien, Arabien, Indien,

China, Australien u.s.w., vielmals eingesammelt worden.

{In grosser Menge an mehreren Stellen am Ufer des siidlichen Oned Mya,

besonders beim Tilmas Djilrhempt.—}W. H. |

4. Andropogon laniger Desf.

In den Steppen und Halbwiisten von Nubien, Abessinien, Arabien und

Nordwest-Vorderindien ebenso verbreitet wie in den Wiistentiilern von ganz Klein-

Afrika wiichst diese Art hier, immer nur als Biischelgras, mit Vorliebe zwischen

Steinen, Felstriimmern und Gerdll an den Abhiingen der Talwiinde. In den

Sahara-Gebieten entwickelt dieses in Indien neben zwei anderen verwandten Arten

zur Destillation des wertvollen ‘“lemon-oil” (Citronengrasé]) dienende Gras einen

besonderen Reichtum au dem iitherischen Oel, der es anszeichnet. Alle Weide-

tiere verschmiihen das stark aromatische Gras.

[Massenhaft im Oned-Saret, nérdlich von Fort Miribel.—E. H.]

5. Pennisetum ciliare Link.

Auf steinigem Terrain, im Gerélle der Talbetten oder ant den Felsgeschieben

am Rande der Rinnsale gedeiht diese in Biischelform sprossende Grasart, die als

Weide keinen Futterwert zu haben scheint. Sie ist von den Canarischen Inseln

iiber Marokko und Klein-Afrika bis nach Tripolitanien, Aegypten und Persien

verbreitet und wird auch im Caplande als eiuheimisch betrachtet. Diese Art ist

nicht anf die eigentliche Wiiste beschriinkt, sondern findet in jedem Geliinde von

allgemein desertischem Charakter ihre Lebensbedingungen.

[In Menge im Oued Saret.—E. H.|

CYPERACEAE.

6. Scirpus holoschoenus L.

[In Menge beim Tilmas-Ferkla im siidlichsten Oued-Mya-Gebiet.—E. H.]

( 147 )

LILIACEAE.

7. Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.

Die iiberall yon Arabern mit dem Namen “ beruak” bezeichnete Pflanze ist

in den Wiistentilern gewéhnlich im Sande oder anf den Tonanschwemmungen der

Rinnsale anzutreffen. Sie ist durch das Gesammtgebiet der Region der Dattel-

palme bis nach Nordwest-Indien von weitester Verbreitung. In vielen Wiisten-

gebieten bedienen sich die Bewohner der weichen, lauchartigen, aber ziemlich

geschmacklosen Blatter als Zutat zu Speisen, nach Art des Spinats.

[Im Bette des Oued Saret und in grosser Menge, besonders beim Tilmas-Ferkla

mitunter ganze Fliichen bedeckend, an den Ufern des siidlichsten Oued-Mya.

Hieran leben im siidlichen Oued-Mya-Gebiet die Raupen von Celerio lineata

livornica.—K. H. |

CHENOPODIACEAE,

8. Anabasis articulata Mog.-Tand.

Diese Art, das “adjeram ” aller arabisch sprechenden Wiistenbewohner, ist yon

Siidspanien aus durch die algerisch-tunesischen Wiisten des nordlichen Sahara-

Gebiets und iiber Tripolitanien bis nach Aegypten und Syrien verbreitet. Sie

wiichst vornehmlich auf steinigem oder felsigen Terrain.

In den beiden letztgenannten Gebieten ist sie im sterilen Zustande leicht mit

dem Haloxylon Schweinfurthii Aschers. zu verwechseln, im nérdlichen Westsahara-

Gebiet aber wird man sie von dem dort hiufigen H. salicornicum Bunge jederzeit

leicht durch die weit derberen, doppelt so dicken und kurztriebigen Aeste

unterscheiden kénnen.

{An vielen Stellen der nérdlichen Hammada beobachtet. Probe vom Safet

Iniqnel nérdlich yon El-Golea mitgebracht.—E. H.]

9. Haloxylon articulatum Bunge.

Diese von Siidspanien aus iiber Marokko durch das ganze afrikanische

Wiistengebiet bis nach Syrien hinein verbreitete Art unterscheidet man im

sterilen Zustande von den ihnlichen Arten dieser Pflanzenklasse durch die

besonders diinnen aber nicht sehr langschiissigen, sondern mehr gedringten und

viel yerzweigten Asttriebe. Hin eigentiimliches Dunkelgriin macht die Art in

der freien Natur besonders kenntlich.

Im Herbar nehmen die eingelegten Exemplare bald eine schwiirzliche

Fiirbung an, was bei den anderen Arten, die dieser ahnlich sehen, nicht vorkommt.

Stellenweise bildet diese Art ein ansehnliches Strauchwerk. Sie wiichst auf

steinigem Terrain aber auch auf Flichen mit Tonablagerung in der Tiefe der

Talbetten. Besonders verbreitet ist sie auch im nérdlichen Teil der Libyschen

Wiiste.

[Auch diese Art wurde in dem artenreichen Bette des Oued Saret und in der

Hammada, an Stellen mit angewehtem Sande, zwischen Ghardaia und Touggourt

gesammelt. Die Araber naunten sie “ remeth.”—H. H.]

10, Haloxylon salicornicum Bunge

(= H. Schmittianum Pom.).

Man hat diese Art neuerdings mit dem in den nérdlichen aegyptischen

Steinwiisten hiufigen H. Schweinfurthii Aschers, yereinigen wollen, letztere aber

( 148 )

unterscheidet sich von ihr, ausser anderen Merkmalen, auf den ersten Blick

dureh den weit robusteren Wachs und die dickeren Aeste. Die vorliegende Art ist

anf die algerisch-tunesisch-tripolitanische Wiistenregion beschriinkt und wiichst

vorzugsweise auf festem Kalkfels, so beispielsweise bei Hammam-Salahin nahe

Biskra. Sie ist durch kreideweisse, diinne langschiissige Aeste, die ohne Verzwei-

gung bis anf 50 cm. auswachsen, and durch sparrigniederliegende Verazweigung

vekennzeichnet. Kleine tannenzapfeniihnliche Gallengebilde, hervorgegangen ans

gedriingten Kurztrieben, treten an den Zweigen hanfig anf und dienen gleichfalls

zur Charakterisierung der Art.

[Wurde im Menge in den Hammadas der Mzab-Gegend gefunden, vielleicht

auch noch weiter siidlich, doch vermochte ich die verschiedenen Chenopodiaceen

nicht ohne Vergleich zu unterscheiden, sodass meine Notizen dariiber wertlos sind.

—H. H.]

11. Traganum nudatum Del.

Ueberall, wo die Wiistenbewohner das Arabische zur Muttersprache haben

wird die Art “ Dhameran” genannt, Sie ist eine ausgesprochene Felsenpflanze, die

am iippigsten in den Spalten des festen Kalksteins gedeiht. Da sie mit den

Merkmalen ihrer vegetativen Tracht einen ausserordentlich weiten Formenkreis

entwickelt, ist es nicht immer leicht diese Art im sterilen Zustande von ihnlichen

Salsolaceen zu unterscheiden, so beispielsweise you dem ihr hinsiehtlich des

Wuchses und der gliinzenden weissen Aeste einigermassen gleich kommenden

Halogeton alopecuroides Moq.-T. Durch die stets reinweissen (ungegliederten)

Aeste, an denen die meist kurzen Bliitter mit stets verbreiterter Basis aufsitzen,

ist das Traganum zuniichst kenntlich.

Die Blitter sind im Umriss mehr oder minder von liiuglich dreieckiger Gestalt,

die iilteren stets mit der Fliiche nach unten hakig umgebogen und an der Spitze

selbst stumpf oder mit einem derben und kurzen Stachelfortsatz versehen, nicht,

wie das erwiihnte //alogeton, in einen feinen fast grannenartigen oder sehr langen

Mucro ausgezogen. Das Traganum ist durch das ganze nérdliche Sahara-Gebiet

von Marokko bis nach Aegypten und weiter bis in das petriiische Arabien und nach

Palaestina hinein verbreitet.

{Auch diese Art mag mitunter mit verwandten Pflanzen verwechselt worden

sein, aber nach meinen Notizen fanden wir sie auf dieser Reise nur in drei

Gegenden: zwischen Ghardaia und Touggourt (in der Mzabgegend), in dem wunder-

vollen Tale mit felsigem Untergrund inmitten des grossen ‘“ Erg-bent-Chaonli ”

unweit von El-Meksa siidlich von El-Golea, wo wir am 2. April lagerten, und in

abgestorbenem Zustande nérdlich von In-Salah.

Rohlfs (s. Reise durch Marokko, us.w., Bremen, 1868) erwiihnt den

“ Domrahn ”—so sprachen es auch unsre Araber aus—als weite Fliichen dstlich

and westlich von In-Salah bedeckend ; er spricht verschiedentlich vom “ Domrahn-

Walde,” was eine Uebertragung des arabischen “ Rhaba ” (= “ Wald”) (s. Rohlfs,

t.e. p. 124), aber sehr irrefithrend ist, da der Domrahn kanm hoher als 60 em, wird.

Damals (1864, 1865) waren die Flussbetten in und bei Tidikelt weithin griin yon

Domrahn und anderen Pflanzen, und boten somit den Kamelen reichliche Nahrung.

Heutzutage ist aller Domrahn und jede andere Pflanze in der Umgegend von

In-Salah abgestorben, weil es Jahrzehnte lang nur ungeniigend geregnet hat.

Durch Ausgraben der Pflanzen zwischen In-Salah und dem Oued-el-Abiod iiber-

zeugten wir uns dayon, dass sie endgiiltig abgestorben seien. Vergebens verlangte

( 149 )

ich Jebenden Domrahn zu sehen ; es gab nicht eine Pflanze weit und breit, “ Aber

Du hast Domrahn oft nérdlich yon Toug gourt gesehen und wir werden Dir die erste

lebende Pflanze zeigen, die wir sehen,” sagten unsere Leute. Das geschah denn

auch am Lagerplatze im “ Wire-bent- Chaouli,’ und dann erst wieder zwischen

Ghardaia und Touggourt. Alle diese Pliitze hatten felsigen Untergrund mit

angewehtem Sande. Die Kamele fressen die Pflanze nicht ungern.—H. H. |

CARYOPHYLLACEAE,

12. Gymnocarpus decander Forsk.

(= fruticosus F.).

Safet-Iniqnel, 23. iii. 1912.

Ein sparrigvielverzweigtes niederes Gestriipp, das felsiges Terrain bevorzugt

und im gesammten Wiistengebiet der alten Welt von Marokko bis nach Persien

hin verbreitet ist. Ueberall liefert es mit seinem holzigen, aber safterfiillten

Astwerk den Kamelen ein besonders willkommenes Futter.

[Wurde auf felsigem Boden am Safet Iniqnel, nérdlich yon El-Golea

gesammelt.—H. H.]

13, Dianthus serrulatus Desf.

Die Art soll das ganze Jahr hindurch im Schmuck seiner rosa Bliiten

anzutreffen sein. Sie ist eigentlich ein Gewiichs des Tel des algerischen

Berglandes und im Gesammt-Gebiet von Klein-Afrika auf Brachen und in

Buschwerk verbreitet. In die Oasen der nérdlichen Sahara ist sie wohl nar durch

deu Ackerbau verbreitet worden.

[Wir fanden sie indessen in Menge in dem unbewohnten Sandgebiete Hl-Arich,

siidwestlich von Touggourt, im Juni in Bliite—H. H.]

14. Paronychia longiseta Webb.

[Wurde im Gebiet des siidlichsten Oued Mya eingesammelt,—E. H.]

15. Silene villosa D. (?)

[Im pflanzenreichen Oued Saret am 3. April gefunden.—B. H.]

CAPPARIDACEAE

16. Capparis spinosa L. var. ovata Desf.

Kine durch die dichte graufilzize Behaarang der Stengel und Blitter und

namentlich durch die wenig fleischige Beschaffenheit dieser letzteren, sowie ihre

oval-spitze Gestalt sehr ausgepriigte Spiclart, die, wie es scheint, keineswegs auf

das innere Wiistengebiet beschriinkt ist, da man iihnliche Formen auch im Littoral

von Oran und in West Algerien aufeefinden hat.

[Wir fanden die schéne Pflanze in dichten Biischen bei Ghardaia und an den

den Oned-Mya und seine Zufliisse begrenzenden Felsenwiinden siidlich bis Ain

Guettara, Die Bliiten haben einen prachtvollen Duft. Bei Ghardaia viel umflogen

von einem seltenen Schmetterling, Teracolus nouna.—E. H. ]

( 150 )

17. Cleome arabica L.

Dieses wegen des scharfen Geruchs der es in allen Teilen bedeckenden

klebrigen Driisen von den Weideticren gemiedene Kraut ist durch das Saharagebiet,

von Algerien und Tunesien ostwiirts bis nach dem petriischen Arabien verbreitet und

tritt, wo vorhanden, stets in grosser Menge auf. An den Driisen findet man nicht

nur Sandkérner haften, sondern gewéhulich auch zahlreiche kleine Insekten. Die

Art kann in die Kategorie der Sandpflanzen, wenn auch nicht der ausschliesslichen

gestellt werden.

{Sehr hiufig im Gebiet des siidlichsten (oberen) Oued-Mya,—E, H.]

CRUCIFERAE.

18. Diplotaxis siifolia Kz.

[Wir fanden diese seltene Art nur etwa 30 km. nérdlich yon El-Golea auf

felsigem Boden mit viel angewehtem Sande.—B. H.}

19. Farsetia aegyptiaca Turra.

[Im oberen Oued Mya und Oued Nea erbeutet.—E. H.]

20. Henophytum deserti Coss. Dur.

Ein 1 Meter hoher sparriger aber dornloser Strauch mit elfenbeinweissen,

glinzenden Zweigen, etwas fleischigen, linearischen Blittern und violetten Bliiten,

der fiir den mittleren Teil des Saharagebiets, von der Mzab-Gegend bis Fezzan

als Charakterpflanze dienen kann, da er weder in den dstlichen noch in den yon

der Mzab-Gegend westlich gelegenen Wiisten anfgefunden wurde. Die Pflanze

wiichst vorzugsweise im tonig-kalkigem Grande der Talsohlen, donn auch anf

vypsigen Sandboden.

[In grosser Menge im Tale sitdlich von “ El-Meksa,” im Erg-bent-Chaouli

(siidlich von El-Golea), ausserdem nur in der Mzab-Gegend siidlich von Ghardaia

beobachtet. Bei El-Meksa flog eine grosse Diptere an den Bliiten.—B. H.]

21. Malcomia aegyptiaca Spr.

fAm Safet-Iniquel nérdlich von Bl-Golea und in der Mzab-Gegend, etwa

halbwegs zwischen El-Golea und Ghardaia, auf felsigem Boden, eingesam-

melt.—E. H. ]

22. Mathiola livida D.C.

Hine kurzlebige, echte Sandpflanze, die nach Regenfall schnell sich entwickelt

und oft kaum zwanzig Tage ihrer Vegetationsdauer ziihlt. Sie ist durch die Sahara

yon Marokko an bis nach Syrien verbreitet. Die Bliitenfarbe wechselt an der-

selben Stelle in auffallender Weise und ist bald ein schmutziges gelb oder rosa,

bald ein reines weiss, gelb oder rosa.

[Nur am 3. April im Oued-Saret, einem sandigen Flussbett inmitten felsiger

Hammada gefunden.—E. H.]

23. Morettia canescens B.

[Am 3. April im Oued-Saret, und spiiterhin im selben Monat im Gebiete des

stidlichen Oued-Mya gesammelt,—E. H.]

(151 )

24. Moricandia arvensis D.C.

Die im mediterranen Siideuropa und im Kiistenlande von Klein-Afrika ebenso

wie in den Oasen der Sahara heimische schénbliitige Pflanze bildet zahlreiche

Spielarten. Im Saharagebiet erscheint sie besonders als Feldunkraut (z. B. bei

Biskra) unter Getreide, aber auch in der freien Natur auf steinigem Terrain der

Talsohlen. Die var. nifens Viv., die hauptsiichlich in der algerischen Sahara sehr

hiutig ist, findet ihre Ostgrenze nahe vor Alexandria bei Mariut, wo sie noch in

grosser Menge angetroffen wird.

Sie ist mit ihren grossen rosenroten Bliiten eine der schiénsten Pflanzen der

Flora. Die Araber der Ziban bezeichnen sie stets merkwiirdigerweise mit dem

Namen “ Krumb,” der eigentlich nur fiir den Kopfkohl Geltung hat.

[In Menge an den Riindern des siidlichen Oued-Mya, siidlich bis zum iiussersten

Abhauge des Plateau von Tademait, bei Safet-Iniqnel und in der Mzab-Gegend

beobachtet und gesammelt.—-E. H.]

25. Savignia longistyla Boiss. Reut.

Kine unscheinbare, typische Flugsandpflanze, die oft in winzigen Formen

anftretend unter den Vertretern der kurzlebigen Sandflora ihr ephemeres Wesen

wohl am meisten bekundet. Sie ist im nérdlichen Teil der algerischen Sahara, bei

Biskra, im Mzab, bei Laghonat wiederholt eingesammelt worden, und gewiss auch

in den westlichen Gebieten verbreitet. In den tripolitanischen, aegyptischen und

persischen Wiisten wird sie durch die ihr dinsserst iihnliche S. parviflora Webb.

ersetzt.

[Zwischen Onargla und El-Golea gesammelt.—B. H.]

26. Zilla macroptera Coss. Dur.

Diese durch ihre breitgefliigelten Kapseln sehr auffillig gekennzeichnete, im

iibrigen aber der Z. spinosa Prantl (= 7. myagroides F.) sehr iihnliche Art tritt

im westlichen Teil des Saharagebiets, nachweisbar von Sokna und Fezzan an bis

zum Siid-Oran an die Stelle der letztgenannten, die in den aegyptischen Wiisten-

tilern iiberall ihr Massenvorkommen hat, die sich auch noch in Palaestina und

Syrien vorfindet. Die Pflanze ist von zweijiihriger Dauer und bildet sehr grosse

meist iiber 1 Meter Hohe erreichende, unziihlig verzweigte Dornbiische, die

mehr oder minder die Kugelform anstreben.

(Nur etwa 30 km. nérdlich von El-Golea gefunden.—E. H.]

RESEDACEAE,

27. Reseda papillosa Miill. Arg.

Die Art ist auf den éstlichen Teil von Klein-Afrika beschriinkt, und scheint

weder im Westen von Constantine nach im Osten von Tunesien vorzukommen.

[Diese seltene Resedaform wurde am 1, Mai im Bette des siidlichsten Oued

Mya gefunden, wo viele Pflanzen der Art standen.—R. H.]

LEGUMINOSAE.

28. Anthyllis Henoniana Coss.

Diese Art gehért der inneren Sahara-Region an und fehlt in der nérdlichen

Randzone. Im Oasengebiet des Mzab ist sie wiederholt aufgetunden worden.

{Im Siiden von El-Golea,—K, H.]

( 152 )

29. Caesalpinia Gilliesii Wall.

[Diese Siidamerika entstammende Pflanze wurde in den Offiziersgirten in

Fl-Golea und In-Salah wohl gedeihend angetroffen.—B. H.]

30. Crotalaria Saharae Coss.

Diese in der Gegend von Ghadames von Duveyrier im Jahre 1860 entdeckte

Art ist die einzige der in den Tropenliindern und besonders in denen von Afrika so

artenreichen Gattung, die aus der Sahara bekannt wurde. Sie wurde auch bei Ain-el-

Hadjadj zwischen Onargla und Rhat und anf dem Plateau der Hamada-Tinghert

gefunden. Abbé Chevallier sagt, dass die Pflanze in der ganzen Region von

Tadmait verbreitet, aber nirgends hiiufiger sei als im Oued-Saret, wo sie Dr. Hartert

auch sammelte.

Im Oued-Mya soll sie bis zum Oued-Safsaf (30° n. Br.) hinunter vorkommen.

Man wird annehmen kénnen, dass sie nordwiirts im allgemeinen den 30° n. Br. nicht

liberschreitet.

Die niichstverwandte Art ist offenbar die in den Wiisten nnd Halbwiisten von

Siid-Nnbien bis nach Kordofan und auch in Siid-Arabien und in Yemen verbreitete

Crotalaria lupinoides H., die in allen Teilen gréssere Verhiiltnisse anfweist, auch

nie die feine weissfilzige Behaarung der Bliitter zeigt wie die Sahara-Art, die

hiiufig 4-5 Blittchen entwickelt, wiihrend die andere stets nur dreizihlige Blitter

aufweist.

[In ziemlicher Anzahl im Oued-Saret, am 3. April, gefunden, Vergl. Duveyrier,

Les Touareg du Nord, und Bull. Soc. Bot. France xi. 1864, p. 165, Taf. 4.—E. H.]

31. Lotus Jolyi Batt.

Die Art, die dem L. creticus L., nahe steht, sich von ihm aber durch die

lingeren und bis zu 40 Samen enthaltenden Hiilsen, dann durch weit gréssere

Bliiten, vor allem durch liingere Kelehzipfel unterscheidet, wurde nach Exemplaren,

die Flamand und Joly im Oued-Tilemssi, im Oued-Arreyed und im Oued-Inssoki,

einem Znfluss des Oned-Mya in Dezember 1899 einsammelten, ungeniigend

beschrieben, da keine reifen Hiilsen vorlagen.

Abbé Chevallier sagt, sie sei eine der hiiufigsten Pflanzen des Plateaus von

Tadmait und gegen El-Golea hin bis nach Sahab-es-Ser verbreitet.

Die in ihrem Reifezustande bisher unbekannt gebliebene 4, 5 Cm. lange,

geradegestreckte Hiilse ist stielrund, hell und fast weisslich von Farbe, véllig kahl

und mit einem in die Liinge gezogenen Maschenwerk von vertieften Nerven bedeckt.

[Oued-Saret, April 3.—E. H.]

32. Psoralea plicata D.

Ein kleiner Halbstrauch der in Aegypten zu den wenigen Arten ziihlt, die

zugleich in den Wiistentiilern und auf dem schwarzen Alluvialboden der Niltals

yorkommen, Die Art ist iibrigens im tropischen Afrika von grosser Verbreitung.

[Die hier seltene Art warde im siidlichen Oued-Mya gesammelt.—HE. H.]

33. Retama Raetam Webb.

Hine fiir die Wiisten-region der alten Welt bis nach Syrien typische Stranchart.

Die ginsterartig vieliistigen, aber dornlosen und weichen Triebe werden weder von

Kamelen nach von anderen Wiederkiiuern gefressen.

{

;

(153 )

Die Bliiten haben einen angenehmen Geruch, der an den der Bliiten des

Pfeifenstrauches (Philadelphus) erinnert.

[Uberall hiufig im Flagsandgebiete, mitunter bis zu zwei, ausnahmsweise

auch 3 M. Hohe. Im Oued Mya Gebiet fressen die dortigen Hasen die jungen

Triebe. Ich brachte Proben vom siidlichsten Oued-Mya und Samen von El-Arich

mit. In dem “Bl-Arich” genannten Flugsandgebiete zwischen Touggourt und

Gnerrara leben hieran in Menge die Raupen einer Psychide der Gattung Amicta,

vermutlich Amicta murina mauretanica, von W. Rothschild von Bou-Saada

beschrieben. Die Sicke bestehen dort ganz aus Retam-Stengeln.—L. H. |

GERANTACEAE,

34. Erodium guttatum |’Her.

Diese im westlichen Gebiet der grossen Sahara-Region fiir das auf die Wiisten

yon Aegypten und Palaestina beschriinkte 2. dryoniaefolium B., vikarierende kleine

einjihrige Art ist der genannten dem Aussehen nach sehr iihnlich. Sie tritt

besonders hiiufig auf den Hochebenen des Tel-Berglandes yon Algerien auf und ist

zugleich am Nordrande der Sahara, bei Biskra und in Siid-Tunesien im Gerélle der

Talrinnsale iiberall anzutreffen.

[Wir trafen die Art hiufig siidlich nnd nérdlich von El-Golea an.—FB. H.]

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.

3). Fagonia Flamandi Batt.

Diese Art wurde in Dez. 1899 von Flamand und Joly im Oued-Inssoki, einem

Zuflusstal des Oued-Mya aufgefunden und stellt eine in der inneren Sahara-Region

von der weit verbreiteten F. cretica L., abgeleitete Modifikation dar. Tracht und

Aussehen erinnern an die letztgenannte Art, aber die vorliegende ist vollig kahl.

Die Bliitter fallen frithzeitig ab und die langschiissigen, sandfarbigen Aeste starren

diirr mit den unziihligen stehengebliebenen Stipulardornen ihrer Internodien in

die Hohe. Die hellkirschroten Bliiten sollen nach Joly wahlriechend sein, was

bei den meisten Arten der Gattung nicht der Fall zu sein scheint. Abbé Chevallier

sammelte 1904 diese Art gleichfalls bei Ain-Guettara.

[Nordlich von Ain-Guettara, auf dem Platean yon Tademait und 30 km.

nérdlich yon El-Golea am 22. Miirz gesammelt.—E. H.]

36. Fagonia fruticans Coss.

Dieses durch seine langschiissigen starkverholzten und in ginsterartiger

Besenform emporstrebenden, mit schmierigklebrigen rostbranuen, Driisenhaaren

hesetzten Aeste (voller anklebender Sandkirner) weithin kenntliche Strauchwerk

muss einen sehr eigentiimlichen Anblick gewiihren. Abbé Chevallier schildert es

als ein Gewiichs der Felsen und der “ Nebkas.” Die Zweige sind immer sehr

bliitenreich und man bedient sich, wie Joly angiebt, der Bliiten zum Gerinnenmachen

der Milech. Nach Chevallier ist auch ihuen ein Wohlgeruch eigen, der an Rosen-

duft erinnern soll. Der Verbreitungsbezirk dieser Art schliesst die nérdlichste

Sahara-Region ans und bleibt im Siiden auf ihren algerisch-tunesischen Anteil

beschriinkt.

[Wurde am Safet Iniquel, nérdlich von El-Golea am 23. Miirz und spiiterhin

siidlich von El-Golea gesammelt.—E. H.]

( 154 )

37. Fagonia Bruguieri D.C.

In den bstlichen Gebicten der grossen Wiistenreihe, die sich von Aegypten bis

Persien und Afghanistan erstreckt, ist diese Art die allverbreitete, die in keinem

Talrinnsal fehlen diirfte ; innerhalb der westlichen dagegen ist sie bisher nur in

der algerischen und tripolitanischen Sahara aufgefunden worden.

[Siidlich von El-Golea.—B. F.]

38. Nitraria tridentata Desf.

Uberall, wo diinenartige Sandverwehungen stattfinden, ist dieses vielveristelte

dornige Strauchwerk als Halt und Stiitze der sich bildenden Hiigel anzutreften,

weitverbreitet im Gesammtbereich der nérdlichen Wiistenregion der alten Welt,

von Marokko bis noch Nordwestindien. Die oft sehr ausgedehnten Hiigelgebiische

dienen zablreichen Geschépfen der Wiiste als Schutz und Unterschlupf. Die in

Dornen auslaufenden Zweigspitzen werden ab und zu, wie die des Lycium, von

Wiirgern zum Aufspiessen ihrer Beute an Insekten beuutzt. Ich habe bei Biskra

in Nitraria-Gebiischen ausser Raupen, Kiifern und Libellen, sogar kleine Hidechsen

(Acanthodactylus) anfgespiesst gefunden, die gleichfalls zu den Vorriiten der

Wiirger gehdrten.

[Es scheint mir, dass dieser Busch ticht weit nach Siiden reicht, denn ausser

bei Biskra und in der Mzab-Gegend fand ich ihn nur im Tal des Hassi-Okseibat,

etwa 26 km. siidlich yon El-Golea, wo der Wiistensperling, Passer simplex saharae

darin sein Nest hatte.—B. H. |

39. Peganum Harmala |.

Der “ Harmal ” gehért zu den wenigen perennen Kriiutern, die dem Mediterran-

gebiet und der grossen Wiiste zugleich angehéren. Von Marokko bis nach

Nordwestindien ist die durch ihre grossen weissen Bliiten und das griine und

blattreiche Aussehen ihrer Triebe bemerkenswerte Pflanze allverbreitet und gewiss

ist sie fiir das Leben der Insektenwelt in den Wiisten von Bedeutung, wegen ihres

dauerhaften Griinbleibens.

{Ich kann mich nicht erinnern, diese Pflanze sidlich des Mzab-Gebietes

gesehen zu haben. Ich sammelte sie zwischen Ghardaia und Touggourt.—. H.]

40. Zygophyllum cornutum Coss.

Im frischen Zustande hat die Pflanze ein von dem verwandten 7. album L,

wiinzlich verschiedenes Anssehen und unterscheidet sich von diesem hauptsiichlich

durch die gréssenen, zartrosa gefiirbten Bliiten. Sie ist mehr noch als die letzt-

genannte Art eine ausgesprochene Pflanze der Saudhiigel, steigt aber auch bis hart

an die mit Salz inkrustierten Tonablagerungen hinab, die der Schottregion von

Algerien und Tnnesien eigen sind und zugleich den inneren Verbreitungbezirk der

Art im Sabaragebiet kennzeichnen.

Die iiber das Ende der Kapsel in Gestalt von 5 Hérnchen vorspringenden

Kanten, die den Artnamen yeranlassten, finden sich gleichfalls bei einer Form des

Z. album L. die im aegyptischen Kiistenlande des Mittelmeers auftritt. Die

letztgenannte Art, die yon Algerien bis Syrien durch die nérdlichen Wiistengebiete

weitverbreitet ist, kann aber in jedem Falle von der vorliegenden durch eine Reihe

von sicheren Merkmalen unterschieden werden.

[Am Hassi Okseibat, siidlich yon El-Golea, am 12. Mai gesammelt.—H. H.]

( 155 )

RUTACEAE.

41. Haplophyllum tuberculatum Forsk.

Diese wahrscheinlich durch das starke Arom ihrer Driisen das Insektenleben

der Wiiste beeinflussende Art ist durch die gesammte Sahara-Region von

Marokko bis Persien verbreitet und ihr Vorkommen erstreckt sich auch siidwarts

weit in die Gebiete der Halbwiisten und der Steppen hinein, bis nach Abessinien und

Siid Arabien.

[Die unangenehm riechende Pflanze wochs massenhaft an den Randern der

Flussbetten des siidlichen Oued Mya Gebietes.—H. H.]

EUPHORBIACEAE.

42. Kuphorbia cornuta Pers.

Diese Art ist dem steinigen Wiistengeliinde mit Kiesgerélle und Geschieben

eigen und erscheint in den Rinnsalen der Wiistentiiler, wo Tonanschwemmungen

das aufyehiufte Triimmergestein bedecken. Sie ist durch das ganze nérdliche

Saharagebiet von Marokko bis nach Aegypten verbreitet und auch in der éstlichen

Wiiste Aegyptens und im Petriiischen Arabien sehr hiiufig anzutreffen, Die

arabischen Beduinen bezeichnen sie durch eigene Namen und sie gilt als Gift, dem

das Kleinvieh erliegt, wenn es davon weidet.

[Am 1. Mai in ziemlicher Menge im siidlichsten Oued-Mya-Gebiet geftunden.—

43. Euphorbia Guyoniana Boiss. R.

Hine echte sandverwehte Diinenpflanze der mittleren westlichen Sahara-Region,

inuerhalb des franzésischen und tripolitanischen Gebietes. Mit ihren langschiissigen

Wurzeln dringt sie tief bis in die wasserfithrenden Schichten ein und verbreitet

sich, wie alle Euphorbien, durch leichte Aussaat wiihrend der Winterregen.

[Massenhaft in den Flugsandgebieten zwischen Biskra und Touggourt und bei

Laghouat. In grosser Menge im Sandgebiet zwischen Touggourt und Ghardaia,

und im Tale des Hassi-Okseibat siidlich von El-Golea; weiter siidlich nicht bemerkt.

Putterpflanze der Raupen von Celerio euphorbiae deserticola.—s. H. |

RHAMNACEAE.

44, Zizyphus Lotus L.

Dieser niedere Dornstranch beteiligt sich, wo Flugsand in Betrieb ist, am

Anfban der selbstveranlassten Diinenhiigel, die er mit seinen unentwirrbar ver-

zweigten, oft den Sand kaum handbreit iitberragenden Dorngehegen iiberzieht. Das

in der Tiefe miichtig ansgebreitete, langschiissige Wurzelwerk soll sehr schwer

auszurotten sein. Zahlreiche Insektenarten befestigen ihr Hierhiillen an den

dornbewehrten Zweigen, in deren Schutze andere wiederum ihre sicheren Lebeus-

stitten finden. Diese Art ist auch im siidlichen Mediterrangebiet vorhanden und

you Spanien aus iiber die nordafrikanische Wiistenregion und yon Marokko bis

zur Marmarika verbreitet. Innerhalb der aegyptischen Wiisteu ist sie noch nicht

anfgefunden worden.

[Uberall in Flussbetten und anderen Depressionen, yon Biskra bis in das Tal

des Oued el-Abiod zwischen Ain Guettara und In-Salah, also sitdlich des Plateau

von Tademait. Vorziiglichste Brutstitte von Lanius excubitor elegans und Cratero-

pus fulrus. Ende Mai und Juni wimmelte es von [nsekten —wenn auch nur wenigen

Arten—an den gelben Bliiten.—E. H.]

( 156)

TAMARISCACEAE.

45. Tamarix articulata Vahl.

Oft in Gestalt grosser Biiume auftretend ist diese Art die weitverbreiteste der

Gattune. Durch das Gesammtgebiet der Sahara und weiter ostwiirts durch

Arabien und Persien bis nach Nordwestindien erstreckt sich ihr Vorkommen.

[Es scheint mir, dass die riesigen Tamarisken, off mit meterdicken Stiimmen,

im siidlichen Oued-Mya-Gebiet zu dieser Art gehéren miissen, wiihrend in der

nordlichen Sahara meist kleinwiichsigere Arten angetroffen werden. Nur bei

Laghouat sah ich 1911 Tamarisken in soleher Grosse, doch wurden keine Proben

gesammelt,—W. H. ]

46. Tamarix pauciovulata I. Gay.

Nahe verwandt mit der in den aegyptischen Wiisten einheimischen 7’, passeri-

noides Del. unterscheidet sich diese anf die Wiistengebiete von Tunesien und

Algerien beschriinkte Art vou ihr hanptsiichlich durch die grisseren und minder

zahlreichen Samen, die in den Kapselfiichern enthalten sind.

[Diese und die vorige Art wurde gesammelt in der “ Daia-bu-Ziane ” genannten

Depression, einem ‘Talkessel mit eigenartigem Gipssande, mitten zwischen Sand-

diinen und zn ‘Tage tretendem glatten Felsgestein. Sie bildet hohe Biische und ich

kann mich nicht erinnern, sie anderswo genau so gesehen zu haben, indessen habe

ich leider versiiumt, an anderen Plitzen Tamariskenproben zu sammeln.—E. H.]

CISTACEAE.

47. Helianthemum sessiliflorum Pers.

Unter den zahlreichen Arten dieser Gattung, die die Kiistenliinder von Nord-

afrika beherbergen, bleibt die vorliegende auf die Tiler und Rinnsale des algerisch-

tunesischen Saharagebiets beschriinkt, wo sie Kalkfels und Gerélle bevorzugt. Sie

hat keinen Wert als Fntterpflanze.

{ Wir fanden diese schén gelbbliihende Art in Menge in den Depressionen mit-

Kalkfelsengrund zwischen den Diinen des Erg-bent-Chaonli siidlich von El-Golea,

am Hassi Okseibat etwas weiter nérdlich und zwischen El-Golea und Ghardaia, wo

sie noch am 22. und 23. Mai bliihte. Vermnutlich ist die von Koenig als /Helianthe-

mum hirtum bezeichnete Art des Mzab-Gebietes eine Form von sessiliforum gewesen.

—E. H.]

THYMELAEACEAE.

48. Thymelaea microphylla Coss. Dur.

Diese durch das ganze westliche Saharagebiet von Marokko bis nach Tripoli

verbreitete Art vertritt im Siiden die auf die Mittelmeerliinder und die anstossenden

Wiisten von Nordatrika beschriinkte 7. /érsuta Endl, Letztere dringt indess in den

algerisch-tunesischen Teil ihres Verbreitungsgebietes erheblich weit nach Siiden vor.

Beide Arten beherbergen unter dem Schutze der tiiuschenden Aehnlichkeit ausser

den Chamaeleonen auch verschiedenartige Insekten. Das auffilligste unter diesen

ist die weissgriingesprenkelte, im Laryenzustande nur sehr schwer in den Thymelea-

Biischen ausfindig zu machende Mantide, Blepharopsis mendica (Fabr.), die bei den

Bewohnern der Ziban-Oasen den phantastischen Namen Naqa-Djeddi (“ die Kamel-

stute meiner Grossmutter”) fiihrt, nnd von der Dr. Walter von Rothschild in Biskra

in allen Stadien ihrer Entwickelung Exemplare eingesammelt hat. Anus den feinen

(157)

stecknadelstarken, filzigen zweigen dieser Thymeleen zimmert die Amécta murina

mauretanica bei Biskra gern ihre eigentiimlichen yierkantigen und wohlgefiigten

“ Mottensiicke,” die dort unter dem Schutze des dichten Dorngeheges von Zizyphus

Lotus mit Vorliebe an die Zweige dieses niederen Wiistengestriipps angehiingt werden.

[Diese in der nérdlichen Sahara, z. B. bei Biskra und siidlich bis nahe Toug-

gourt sehr hiiufige Pflanze wurde noch am Safet Iniquel nérdlich von El-Golea

eingesammelt.—K. H. ]

UMBELLIFERAE.

49. Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss.-Dur.

Hine im Flugsande der Sahara-Region von Marokko bis zum nérdlichen Teil

der Libyschen Wiiste verbreitete Pflanze, die besonders im Mzab-Gebiete, bei

Ouargla und auch noch bei Biskra hiiufig angetroffen wird. Nach Cosson und Palat

soll die Frucht auf den Miirkten der Oasen als Speise feilgeboten werden. Wahr-

scheinlich dient sie als Kiichengewiirz.

[Beim Safet Iniquel nérdlich von El-Golea und im Mzab-Gebiete angetroften.

—E. H.]

50. Daucus pubescens Koch.

{Im Oued Saret hiiufig.—H. H. |

51. Deverra (Pithyranthus) scoparia Coss.

In den Sahara-Gebieten von Algerien, Tunesien und Tripolitanien ersetzt diese

Art die weiter im Osten mehr allgemein verbreitete J). tortuosa DC. Sie gleicht im

Habitus mit ihren hoch aufgeschossenen wenigverzeigten Aesten der in den éstlichen

Felswiisten von Aegypten und auch im petriiischen Arabien und in Syrien einheim-

ischen D. trivadiata H. Alle Deverra-Arten sind durch einen sehr starken, nicht

unangenehmen Petersiliengeruch ausgezeichnet. Ueberall bezeichnen die arabischen

Wiistenbewohner diese Pflanzen mit dem selben Namen “ qestch ” oder “ qussiih.”

Hs sind Felspflanzen und bevorzugen in den Tiilern die steinigen von Kieseln und

Gerdlle erfiillten Rinnsale. Von der vorliegenden Deverra berichten die Bewohner

der Ziban-Oasen, dass Kamele, wenn sie davon gefressen haben, erblinden. Dem

entgegen haben mir die in der éstlichen Wiiste von Aecgzypten nomadisierenden

Beduinen die ahnliche Deverra triradiata H. als ein vortreffliches Kamelfatter

gepriesen.

[Eine der hiiufigsten und anffullendsten Pflanzen der Talsohlen und Oueds,

besonders zwischen Ghardaia und El-Golea, auch beim Safet Iniquel und noch

massenhaft im Oued Saret, nérdlich vom Fort Miribel. Hat einen starken, halb

fenchel-halb petersilienartigen Gerach und wird von den Kamelen ohne Schaden

gefressen. Hieran leben die Raupen von Papilio machaon hospitonides, der Wiisten-

form unseres Schwalbenschwanzes.—E. H. |

PLUMBAGINACEAE.

52. Limoniastrum Guyonianum Coss.-Dur.

Die durch die Menge ihrer prachtvollen rosa Bliiten so kenntliche “ Seta”

gehort zu der Kategorie derjenigen Pflanzen, die, wo Flugsand sich bewegt, Hiigel

aufbanen, die sie dann mit ihren unabliissig vorgestreckten Trieben wie mit dichten

Polstern bekleiden, bis sie selbst nach Jahren vom Sande iiberflutet absterben und

an die Stelle dieser ihrer Wandergriiber zu neuen Gebilden Veranlassung geben

( 158 )

(Tamarix, Nitraria, Salsola, ete.). Diese Art ist auf die algerische und tunesische

Sahara beschriinkt und sie ist bis an deren Nordrand in grosser Hiintigkeit anzu-

treffen. An vielen Orten treten an den Zweigen dieser Art eigentiimliche elliptisch-

ovoide Verdickungen auf, die yon der gleichen gran- oder blangriinen Farbe wie

die Blatter erscheinen und die Grésse kleiner Pflaumen erreichen. Diese Gallen-

anschwellungeu sind meist an der Spitze der jungen Aeste angelegt (beim

Kierlegen von einem Kleinschmetterling, Oecocecis guyonella). Innen sind die

Axengebilde hohl und von derselben Farbe wie aussen. Eine vorhandene

Zwischensehicht des Parenchyms ist indess purpurfarbig. Der Korper verholzt

spiiter so stark, dass man Miihe hat, den Hohlranm aufzuschneiden. Innen findet

sich alsdann eine 15 gliedrige, 15 Millm. lange Puppe, oder eine Ranpe. An dem

Hohlkorper findet sich stets ein klappenartig fiir den Austritt des Schmetterlings

angelegtes Loch. Oft dringt ein fremdes Insekt durch diese Oeffnung ein und

verzehrt die Puppe, vielleicht anch dringen andere von Aussen absichtlich durch

eigene Arbeit ein, The Hon. Walter Rothschild, als ich den Vorzng genoss mit ihm

in Biskra zusammen zu treffen, machte mich anf etwaige Analogieen aufmerksam,

die vielleicht zwischen diesem Vorkommen nnd dem biologischen Verhalten der

Larven der Carpocarpa saltitans (“jumping bean” von Nen-Mexico) bestehen

konnten.

[In den Sandgebieten der nérdlichen Sahara von Biskra bis Touggourt un-

gemein hiiufig und eine der Hanptzierden maucher Strecken, die auch hart an die

iden Schottgebiete hinanreicht, soweit der Boden sandig ist. In grésster Uppig-

keit stidlich vou El-Golea, am Rande des grossen westlichen Erg, und beim Hassi

Marroket, 50 km, stidlich BE] Golea bis 3 m,. hoch werdend! Siidlich davon nicht

beobachtet, soviel wir nus erinnern kénnen.

Die Gallen des Kleinschmetterlings Oecocecis guyonella waren unglaublich

hiiufig in den Flugsandstrecken zwischen Bledet-Ahmar (siidéstlich von Touggourt)

und Bl-Alia. In allen verlassenen (ausgekrochenen) ‘ Gallen” lebte eine Spinne,

denen die geschiitzten harten Kugeln einen willkommenen Aufenthalts- und Brut-

platz gewiihrten. Ausser der Oecocecis soll noch eine andre, von Chretien beschrie-

bene Lepidoptere in diesen Gallen ihre Eutwicklung durchmachen.—B. H.]

53. Limoniastrum Feei de Gir,

Weit grissere rosenrote Bliiten, als sie die andere Art dieser Gattung besitzt,

kennzeichnen die yorliegende. Sie ist gleichfalls auf das Gebiet der franzésischen

Sahara beschriinkt, erweist sich aber mebr als Felsenpflanze, die mit Vorliebe auf

festem Kalkgrund und Gerélle wurzelt. Die schéne Pflanze erreicht nicht in so

hohem Grade die Hinfigkeit der Massenpflanze wie die kleinbliitige Art.

[Nur bei El-Hadadra, im Tale inmitten der grossen Hammada, in der Mitte

zwischen El-Golea und Ghardaia, gesammelt, aber vielleicht an anderen Orten mit

der gemeineren Art verwechselt.—F. H. }

54. Statice Bonduelli Lestib.

Unter den 26 Arten dieser Gattung, die Kleinafrika beherbergt, ist die

vorliegende dureh die prachtvoll zitronengelbe Fiirbung ihrer Perigone ansgezeichnet.

Sie ist in der Sahara-Region der drei algerischen Provinzen za Hanse und ausserdem

in Siid~-Marokko und in Siid-Tripolitanien verbreitet.

~ [In den Oueds zwischer Ghardaia und El-Golea, besonders um den Hassi

Zirara heram, in Menge vorhanden und eine hervorragende Zierde,—E. H, |

( 159 )

ASCLEPIADACEAE.

5). Daemia cordata R. Br.

Diese Art bevorzugt Felsboden oder Tonablagerungen, die solehen zur

Grundlage haben. Sie ist als ein Charaktergewiichs der grossen Wiistenregion

zu bezeichnen, die man das “ Reich der Dattelpalme ” nennen kénnte, von Marokko

bis nach Nordwestindien. Die mit einem siisslichen Milchsaft erfiillten Stengel

und Frnuchtkapseln diirften manchen Arten des Hithnergeschlechts unter Umstiinden

als erwiinschte Speise dienen, da man sich in Zentralafrika iihnlicher yon verwandten

Arten als Kéder beim Fallenstellen bedient.

{In Oneds und an Felsenhiingen hier und da von Ghardaia bis zum Fort

Miribel ; rankend und oft grosse Biische bildend.—E. H.]

56. Periploca laevigata Ait.

Hine von den wenigen Arten, die das innere Sahara-Gebiet mit den regenreichen

Gegenden der nordafrikanischen Kiistenzone gemein hat. Von Marokko, Spanien

und Sizilien ist sie durch das ganze Littoral von Nordafrika iiber Algerien und

Tnnesien nach Marmarica und weiter bis nach Unteraegypten und Syrien verbreitet.

Anch nach Siiden zu dringt sie tief in das Sahara-Gebiet ein.

{ Diese merkwiirdige Pflanze wurde hiiufig in geschiitzten Flussbetten zwischen

Ghardaia und El-Golea gefanden. Die Fruchtschoten sind in der Jugend an den

Spitzen zusammengewachsen, spiiter sich Gffnend. Ausserst dichte Biische bildend.,

—E. H.]

CONVOLVULACEAE,

57. Convolvulus supinus Coss. Kral., var. leucotrichus Kral.

Diese Spielart der darch ganz Kleinafrika auf Sandfeldern verbreiteten

Pflanze ist durch die weisse, seidenweiche, fast flaumartige Behaarung der auf den

Boden ausgebreiteten Stengel und Blitter ausgezeichnet. Sie gehort dem inneren

Gebiet der Sahara an und ihr Verbreitungsbezirk umfasst die ganze westliche

Hiilfte dieser Region. Die Oase Sokna in Tripolitanien scheint die éstliche Ver-

breitungsgrenze der Art zu bezeichnen.

[Wir fanden sie zuerst etwa halbwegs zwischen Ouarela und El-Golea, siidlich

bis zum Oned Saret.—E. H. }

BORAGINACEAE,

58. Arnebia decumbens Coss.

{Hinfig in der Mitte zwischen El-Golea und Ghardaia, besonders um den

23. Mai.—E. H.]

59. Echium humile Desf.

Kine durch ihre grossen dunkelblauen Bliiten viele Insekten anlockende

stattliche Pflanze, vielleicht die farbenpriichtigste der Wiistenregion, Diese Art

ist hauptsichlich an harten Kalkfels gebunden und in allen Wiisten von Algerien

und Tnnesien anzutreften. In den weiter dstlich gelegenen Teilen des Sahara-

Gebiets ist sie bisher nach nicht aufgefanden worden.

(Zwischen Ouargla und El-Golea und im Bette des Oued Saret am 3. April

blahend.—E. H.]

60. Heliotropium undulatum Vabl.

{Oued Saret, 3, April.—E, H.)

(160 )

61. Lithospermum callosum Vahl.

Tiefwurzelnd in den Flugsandgebilden, die auf Kalkfelsen haften, aber

gewohnlich diese meidend, ist die durch ihren reichen roten und violetten Bliiten-

schmuck ausgezeichnete Pflanze durch das ganze Wiistengebiet von Nordafrika

bis nach Syrien verbreitet. Sie lockt mannichfaltige Insekten an.

[Siidlich von Ouargla, am Safet-Iniqnel ndrdlich von Eil-Golea nnd beim Hassi

Okseibat siidlich von letzterer Oase angetroffen.—E. H.]

62. Trichodesma africanum R. Br.

Die durch das ganze Wiistengebiet der alten Welt, von Marocco bis nach

Syrien, Persien, und Nordwest-Indien verbreitete vom weidenden Kleinvieh und von

den Kamelen als Futterpflanze sehr begehrte Art fehlt in den nérdlichen Teilen der

algerischen Sahara, wird aber unter 30° n. Br. stellenweise in grossen Mengen

angetrofien. Abbé Chevallier betrachtet sie als besonders gemein zwischen

El-Golea und Ghardaia. Die Pflanze ist sehr saftreich und entwickelt denselben

eurkenartigen Gernch wie unser Borasch ( Borago officinalis L.).

{Zwischen El-Golea und Ghardaia sowie im siidlichen Oued Mya hianfig.—

KE. H.]

LABIATAE,

63, Marrubium deserti de Noe.

Hine anf die Saharagebiete von Algerien und Tunesien beschriinkte Art, die

bis an den nérdlichsten Rand der Region in grosser Hiinfigkeit anftritt. Von

Interesse diirfte es sein zu erwiihnen, dass sowohl die algerischen Araber als anch

die der Libyschen Wiiste zur Bezeichnung von Marrubium den griechischen

Namen beibehalten haben, den die Rémer der Kaiserzeit gegen das altlateinische

Wort eingetauscht hatten, Sie nennen die Pflanze “ frasijin” = Prasium

(pacuor).

[Hiiufig zwischen Ouargla und El-Golea, am Safet-Iniqnel, zwischen El-Golea

und Ghardaia, und auch noch siidlich yon El-Golea.—H. H.]

SCROPHULARIACEAE.

64, Linaria fruticosa Dum.

Hine in den Wiisten-Gebieten von Algerien und Tunesien fiir die nahever-

wandte und ihr ausserordentlich iihnlich sehende L. aegyptiaca Dum. vikarierende

Art. Die letztgenannte ist von den Wiisten der Cyrenaika an dstlich dureh die

Libysche Wiiste und durch die aegyptischen Felswiisten bis nach Palaestina hin

sehr verbreitet. Die vorliegende algerische Art bildet gleichfalls ein kleines, Polster-

ballen darstellendes Strauchwerk, unter dessen starkverholzten und unentwirrbar

vielverzweigten, z. T. an den abgestorbenen Spitzen spineszierenden Aesten Kiifer

und andere Insekten der Wiiste Schutz finden,

[Zwischen Ouargla und El-Golea und in dem pflanzenreichen Oued Saret am

3. April.—E. H.]

65. Linaria laxiflora Df.

[Die seltene Art wurde nur einmal anf dem Wege yon Ghardaia nach Toug-

gourt. gesammelt.—E. H.]

PLANTAGINACEAE.

66. Plantago ciliata Df.

{Am 3, April im Oued Saret.—K. H.]

( 161 )

COMPOSITAE.

67. Mecomischus Geslini Benth, Hook.

(= Cladanthus Geslini Coss.-Dur.)

(= Fradina halimifolia Batt.)

Es liegen von dieser eigenartigen Flugsandpflanze, einer Anthemidee, nur

zwei kleine Bliiten tragende Zweigspitzen vor. Die elliptischen Blitter sind, wie

immer bei dieser Art, an den Zweigenden alternierend, statt gegenstiindig gestellt.

Der dichte, aschgraue Filz, der Stengel und Blitter gleichmiissig bedeckt, ist aus

Sternhaaren (mit 7 Strahlen) zusammengesetzt, ein bei den Compositen selten auftre-

tendes Merkmal, das die Pflanze innerhalb des Gebiets vor allen iibrigen der Klasse

kennzeichnet. Die Bliitenképfehen tragen je sechs ovale, am Hnde zweispitzige,

schneeweisse Randbliiten. Die wenigen Schuppen des Hiillkelches sind mit einem

hiiutigen Sanm umgehen, der sie an Breite iibertrifft. Die Pflanze ist von Geslin

bei Laghonat entdeckt worden und dort sammelte sie auch Cosson, und gleichfalls

1856, General Gansauge. Im Sabaragebiet von Siid-Oran fand man sie in den

Diinen von Leumbah und bei Ain Sefissifa. Abbé Chevallier hat sie 1899 bei Ain

Sefra gefunden. Auf seiner vierten Sahara-Reise sammelte er Exemplare (“ dans

un terrain de reg.”) bei Bordj Om-el-Kelb und hinter Ghardaia auf dem Wege von

nach E]l-Golea.

[Das seltene Pflinzchen wurde am 3. April im Sande des Oued Saret ge-

funden.—E. H.]

68. Artemisia herba alba Asso.

Bei allen Arabern unter dem Namen “schich” bekannt ist diese stark

aromatische Planze ein Haupttypus der Flora der Gesammtregion der Wiiste,

yon Marokko bis nach Persien, Das Kraut wird in allen Liindern der Region auf

den Miirkten als Schutzmittel geges Insektenfrass feileeboter.

[Diese Pflanze ist ungemein massenhaft auf der Hochebene nérdlich von

Ghardaia, z. B. bei Berrian und Tilrhempt zu finden, wo sie oft fast ausschliesslich

weite Strecken bedeckt. Dies Jahr fanden wir sie besonders éstlich yon Ghardaia.

Auf den Markten von Touggourt und Ghardaia wurden kleine Hiufchen feilgeboten,

aber fast nie gekauft.—H. H. ]

69. Asteriscus graveolens Forsk.

Hin kleiner starkverholzender Halbstranch, der in den Kalkwiisten von

Aegypten und der Sinai-Halbinsel zu den hauptsiichlichsten Charakterpflanzen

gehért. Im westlichen Saharagebiete wurde die Art zuerst von Rebaud im Mzab-

Gebiete aufgefunden. Von Marokko und Tunesien ist sie noch nicht angegehen

worden, wohl aber in Ghadames und im Hinterlande yon Tripolitanien, auch in

den trostlosen Wiisteneien siidlich von Fezzan.

[Im siidlichen Oued-Mya-Gebiete.—-E. H.]

70. Atractylis prolifera Boiss.

Die durch hellpurpurne Randbliiten und rotlich eingesiumte Hiillschuppen

ihrer zierlichen Képfchen ausgezeichnete Pflanze ist von einjiihriger Dauner und

bildet kleine am Boden ausgebreitete und verzweigte Rosetten. Sie ist bisher

nur im Saharagebiet von Algerien, Tunesien und Tripolitanien anfgefunden worden,

( 162 )

und dann, mit Uebergehnng der aegyptischen Wiisten, wieder im petriischen

Arabien.

[Zwischen Ghardaia und Touggourt.—H. H.]

71. Chlamydophora pubescens Coss. Dur.

[Im Oned Saret nérdlich von Fort Miribel—R. H.]

72. Francoeuria (Pulicaria) crispa Coss.

Diese in allen éstlichen Wiistengebieten, von Fezzan an gerechnet bis nach

Aegypten, Nubien und Abessinien und weiter iiber Arabien bis nach Nordwest-

Indien verbreitete Art ist in der mittleren algerischen Sahara, aber noch nicht

innerhalb des marokkanischen und tunesischen Gebiets aufgefunden worden. Aus

Senegambien ist sie indes angegeben worden. In den Oasen yon Mzab wurde die

Pflanze wiederholt aufgefunden. In Aegypten gehért sie zu den wenigen Arten,

die den desertischen Florencharakter anf alle unkultivierten Stellen iibertragen,

die noch inmitten des Niltals vorhanden sind und die dort anf dem schwarzen

Nilton wachsen. Sie gilt als gute Kamelweide, wie alle Pulicarien.

[Ebenfalls im Oued Saret. In der Tat beliebtes Kamelfutter—H. H.]

73. Hypochoeris glabra L.

Eigentlich eine typische Mediterranpflanze von Siideuropa und dem Kiisten-

land von Klein-Afrika, ist sie auch in den Wiistengebieten von Marokko bis

Tripolitanien verbreitet, wo sie unter den einjiihrigen Sandpflanzen hiinfig anf-

zutreten und yon weiterer Verbreitung zu sein scheint.

{Im Bett des Oned Saret, 3. Apri].—E. H.]

74. Ifloga spicata Sz. B.

[Ebenfalls am 3. April im Oued Saret.—E. H.]

75. Chrysanthemum (Pyrethrum) deserticola Murbeck.

Diese Art ist von den algerischen Floristen mit dem Chr. trifurcatum Desf.

verwechselt worden. Sie wiichst als einjiihrige, kurzlebige Pflanze in den kleinen

Rinnsalen der westlichen Wiistenregion yon Marokko bis Cyrenaica. Die mit

dottergelben Randbliiten versehenen Bliitenképfe enthalten einen sehr scharfen an

Spilanthes erinnernden Saft, der anf der Zange ein heisses Gefiihl hervorruft.

Die Pflanze. enthilt in allen Teilen von diesem eigentiimlichen Alkaloid

(Pyrethrin ?).

[Safet-Iniquel, nérdlich von El-Golea.—E. H.]

76. Rantherium angressum Coss. Dur.

Ein bisher nur in der algerischen Sahara beobachteter Halbstranch, der vor-

zugsweise auf festem Kalkfels anzutreffen ist. Die Nordgrenze seiner Verbreitung

findet er auf der siidlich von Biskra gelegenen “ Montagne de sable.” Sehr

hiufig scheint die Art in den Oasen des Mzab-Gebietes und bei Laghouat, Bou

Saada, ete., vorznkommen.

[Wurde am 22. oder 23. Mai bei Zirara und El]-Hadadra, einsamen Brunnen

mit “ Bordjs”” etwa halbwegs zwischen Ghardaia und El-Golea gefanden.—E. H.]~

( 163 )

77. Senecio coronopifolius Desf.

Diese Art gehért zu den fiir das gesammte Wiistengebiet vom Senegal bis

zum Indus charakteristischen einjilrigen Gewiichsen, die sandige Strecken

bevorzugen ; sie ist zugleich eine von den wenigen der Wiistenregion, die zugleich

innerhalb des bebauten Landes, im Tel-Bergland und im Littoral von Kleinafrika,

so auch im aegyptischen Niltal zu Hause sind.

[Auf Sand- und Tonboden im siidlichsten Oued-Mya-Gebiete im April und

1. Mai, sowie 30 km. nérdlich von El-Golea gefunden.—H. H.]|

78. Anvillea australis Chevallier.

Diese durch das Fehlen der Randbliiten von A. radiata Coss. Dur., dem

auffallenden Florentypus der westlichen Sahara verschiedene Art ist beseits 1860

von Daveyrier im Nordosten von Rhadames aufgefunden worden, Chevallier fand

sie 1902 zwischen El-Golea und Inifel. Die Stammart kennt man auch aus dem

siidlichen Hinterlande von Marokko und aus dem iiussersten Siiden der algerischen

Sahara. Abbé Chevallier hat seine Art neuerdings (1905), durcheinander und in

Gemeinschaft wachsend mit der A. radiata Coss. Dur., zwischen Hadadra und

Hassi el-Hadjar aufgefunden. Er yermutet daher, wie es schon E. Durand (Forae

Libycae Prodromus, pp. 122, 1238) getan, dass die scheinbar sehr abweichende

A, australis doch nur eine Modifikation der weitverbreiteten Saharapflanze

darstellen méchte.

[Oued Saret, 3. April.—E. H.]

79. Zollikoferia (Launea) spinosa Boiss.

Im Gesammtgebiet der Wiistenreihe yon Marokko bis zum petriiischen Arabien

und Syrien verbreitet, mit Uebergehung (soweit es bis jetzt bekannt ist) der

tripolitanisch-cyrenaischen (libyschen) Gebiete. Dieser auf Kalkfels angewiesene

oft grossen Umfang erreichende Halbstranch bildet ein nach Art der Zilla dicht

verflochtenes Gewirre von feinen, dornigen, milchenden Zweigen. Die Art gilt als

vortreffliche Kamelweide. Sie ist auch in den Floren von Spanien und Griechenland

angegeben.

[Am 1. Mai im siidlichsten Oued-Mya-Gebiete—E. H. ]

80. Zollikoferia glomerata Boiss.

[Im siidlichsten Oued-Mya-Gebiete in Menge und wie die vorige auch nérdlich

yon El-Golea beobachtet. Die jnngen, dem Boden anfliegendeu Blitter warden uns

als “arabischer Salat” bezeichnet ; wir liessen sie sammeln und waschen und fanden

in der Tat, dass sie als Salat zurechtgemacht, eine angenehme Zutat za unsern

Mahlzeiten bildeten,—E. H.]

81. Zollikoferia nudicaulis Sz. B.

{im gleichen Gebiete wie die vorigen.—E. H.]

(Further results of this expedition will follow.)

( 164 )

ORNITHOLOGISCHE ERGEBNISSE DER REISE VON PAUL SPATZ

IN DIE ALGERISCHE SAHARA IM SOMMER 1912.

Von O. GRAF ZEDLITZ.

(Mit einer Routenskizze.)

Herr Paut W. Srarz, der als eifriger Sammler und wohl einer der besten Kenner

der tunesischen Wirbeltier-Fauna in ornithologischen Kreisen allgemein bekannt

und gewiirdigt sein diirfte, ist vor kurzem von eiuer zoologischen Erkundungsfahrt

aus der algerischen Sahara zuriickgekehrt. Indem er fiir seine Tour die Zeit des

Hochsommers wiihlte, unterzog er sich einer sehr miihevollen und an Strapazen

reichen Aufgabe, er brachte uns aber anch hochinteressante Kunde von dem som-

merlichen Vogel- und sonstigen Tierleben in jenen extrem heissen Regionen, iiber das

wir bisher so gut wie nichts wussten. Die innere Sahara ist vordem nur zu einem

ganz geringen Teile zoologisch erforscht worden und auch das nur in der kiihleren

Jahreszeit, den Winter- und Friihlings-Monaten, in welchen die vielen durch-

wandernden Zugvégel naturgemiiss das Bild veriindern, ganz abgesehen von den

Abweichungen. zwischen Winter- und Sommerkleid bei nianchen Vogelarten.

Anusserdem ergab sich eine zuniichst gar nicht beabsichtigte, sehr giinstige

Konstellation insofern, als in demselben Jahre eine andere Expedition, gleichfalls

mit rein wissenschaftlichen, vorwiegend zoologischen Zielen, bis tief in die Sahara

eindrang, jedoch im wesentlichen auf einer anderen Route. Es waren die Herren

Dr. Hartert und Hilgert, welche fiir das Tring-Museum wiederum eine ihrer

erfolgreichen Sammelreisen ausfiihrten. Dieselbe ging in einer mehr nach siid-

westen abweichenden Richtung bis ins Herz der Wiiste nach In-Salah, wiihrend

Herr Spatz, welcher nicht so weit nach Siiden vordrang, dafiir weiter dstlich liegende

Gebiete durchwanderte. So ergiinzen sich beide Reisen in sehr interessanter

Weise, und mit besonderem Vergniigen folge ich der freundlichen Aufforderung

Dr. Harterts, im Anschluss an seine Bearbeitung seiner grossen Tour auch eine

kurze Beschreibung der ornithologischen Ausbeate zu geben, welche Spatz bei

seinem Vorstoss erzielte. Alle von ihm mitgebrachten Bilge sind direkt in meine

Sammlung gekommen und liegen mir jetzt vor. Die biologischen Beobachtungen

gebe ich nach dem eingehenden Bericht wieder, welehen Herr Spatz mir nach

seiner Heimkehr freundlichst auf Grand seiner Aufzeichnungen zur Verfiigung

stellte.

Zur Reiseroute, welche auf der beigefiigten Skizze dargestellt ist, méchte ich

hier noch einige kurze Erliiuterangen geben: In der zweiten Hiilfte April traf

Spatz, begleitet von zwei Priiparatoren, in Biskra ein. Dort ist schon von vielen

Seiten so intensiv gesammelt worden, dass er sich nur so lange anfhielt, als

unumgiinglich fiir die Reise-Vorbereitungen nétig war; dann ging es weiter nach

Touggourt, wo in den letzten Tagen des April nunmehr die Sammeltitigkeit

ernstlich einsetzte. Auf dem Weitermarsche siilwirts warde bei Bled-el-Abmar

und am Brunnen (“ Hassi” in der Chaamba-Sprache) Mahmar eine Anzahl Vigel

erbeutet. Kurz darauf bei Arefidji kam der Forscher zum ersten mal in eine Region

von Sanddiinen, allerdings in kleineren Dimensionen. Hier zeigten sich sofort

Bled el-Ahmar

sAin Taiba

3 (Paris)

( 166 )

typische Vogelformen der Sandwiiste im Gegensatz zu den bis dahin festgestellten

Vertretern des steinigen Plateaus, der Hammada. Uber Ngoussa warde am 5. y.

die grosse Oase Ouargla erreicht und dort bis zam 24. v. Station gemacht. Zuniichst

ergab die Oase selbst eine verhiiltnismiissig reiche ornithologische Ausbente.

Sodann entpuppte sich die kleine Oase Nameus “Chott” (nicht zu verwechseln

mit den “Chott” genannten Salzseen), einige Kilometer weiter éstlich gelegen,

als ein giinstiges Feld der Sammeltiitigkeit. Eine Schépfung eines reichen und

einflussreichen Kaids, ist diese ganze Anlage erst neneren Datums, dafiir erfreut

sie sich grossen Wasserreichtums dank der Anlage zahlreicher Brunnen nnd bildet

mit ihren tausenden heranwachsender Dattelpalmen ein erfrenliches Bild anf-

bliihender Bodenkultur mitten in der Wiiste.

Von Ouargla ging der Marsch Ende Mai weiter fast direkt siidwiirts zu den

Wiistenbrunnen Hassi el-Medjira und Hassi Djeribia. Die zuerst mehr vereinzelt

auftretenden Sanddiinen nahmen nach dem Passieren letzteren Platzes bald an

Zahl and Ausdehnang zu, bis die Karawane schliesslich in die Region der riesigen,

mehrere hundert Meter hohen Sanddiinen, in die ureigentlichste Sandwiiste, bei

Ain Taiba gelangte. Dieser Platz heisst nach einem keineswegs ganz unbedeut-

enden Teiche, weleher ganz unvermittelt und ziemlich versteckt zwischen den

genannten Diinenhiigeln vor dem iiberraschten Auge des Wanderers auftaucht. Hr

ist umgeben von einem breiten und sehr dichten Schilfgiirtel, an dessen Rande

vereinzelt buschartige verwilderte Palmen stehen. Hier konzentrierte sich im

Juni bei enormer Hitze das Vogelleben, welches allerdings im Herzen der Wiste

keineswegs schr reich an Arten genannt werden kann. Dafiir waren manche

interessante Wiistenbewohner wie Passer simplex saharae in so grosser Zahl

vertreten, dass prachtvolle Suiten gesammelt werden konnten.

Ein weiterer Vorstoss in siidlicher Richtung musste nach einigen Tagemiirschen

infolge Wassermangels und sehr heftigen Siroccos (bei 53°C. im Schatten!)

abgebrochen werden, doch wurde anf kleineren Touren die weitere Umgebung

von Ain Taiba rekognosciert. Dann ging es wiihrend der zweiten Hiilfte des Juni

zuniichst auf demselben Wege, den man gekommen war, wieder nordwiirts bis

Hassi Djeribia.

Von dort wurde eine neue weiter ostwiirts fiihrende Route eingeschlagen nach

Hassi Tebounb und weiter durch eine Region mit sandigem Boden aber nar

geringer Diinenformation iiber Hassi bou-Kiloua nach Hassi Melah (“ Salzbrunnen”)

als dem dstlichsten Punkte der Reise. Hier fanden sich verschiedene fiir Sand-

gegenden charakteristische Formen, welche bei Ain Taiba zwischen den hohen

Diinen nicht beobachtet worden waren. Leider musste infolge der sehr ungliick-

lichen Wasserverhiiltnisse und entsprechend schlechten Gesundheitszustandes der

Aufenthalt an diesem interessanten Platze abgekiirzt und der Riickmarsch direkt

auf Ouargla in fast genau westlicher Richtung angetreten werden. Hierbei iiber-

schritt die Karawane ein steiniges Plateau, welches ausgesprochen den Charakter

der petriiischen Sahara im Gegensatz zu der bisher passierten Sandwiiste zeigte.

Natiirlich erschien auch sofort hier die der Steinwiiste eigene Ornis. Gegen Mitte

Juli wurde wieder ein kiirzerer Anfenthalt in Onargla genommen, das jedoch um

diese Jahreszeit durchaus nicht als Sommerfrische gelten kann. Ebeuso wie der

Salzbrunnen Hassi Melah machte auch Ouargla, die “ Fliegenstadt,” iarem Namen

vollste Ehre. Die Route des Riickmarsches, welcher in der zweiten Hilfte des

Juli ausgefiihrt wurde, liegt wiederam etwas éstlich von der Anmarschstrasse, mit

welcher sie bei Hassi Mahmar wieder zusammentrifft, um dann bis Touggourt mit

( 167°)

ibr gleich zu laufen. Hine kurze Rast in Touggourt und ein liingerer Aufenthalt

in Biskra Anfang August, dieser unfreiwillig infolge ernster Erkrankung von Spatz,

beschlossen die an Strapazen aller Art iiberreiche Reise. Die gesamte ornitho-

logische Ausbeute aus dieser Zeit betriigt 280 Biilge, einige Gelege und eine

Fiille biologischer Beobachtungen. Auch auf den meisten anderen Gebieten der

Zoologie, wurde erfolgreich gesammelt, insbesondere konnte eine Reihe hochinte-

ressanter Jebender Tiere mitgebracht werden; doch das sind Momente, welche

giinzlich aus dem Rahmen dieser Arbeit herausfallen. Ich erwiilne sie nur hier

beiliufig am Schluss, um anzudeuten, dass einer so miihevollen Arbeit auch der

wohl verdiente Erfolg nicht versagt blieb. Um ihn richtig einschitzen zu kénnen,

muss man die zoologischen Verhiiltnisse der Wiiste kennen und richtig bewerten,

denn das Tierleben hier kann an Zahl der Arten wie der Individuen selbstredend

weder mit den meisten paliarktischen Gebieten noch gar mit dem unerhérten

Reichtum so vieler tropischer Regionen verglichen werden. Legt man aber den

richtigen Massstab an, so wird man der Arbeit, welche Spatz in diesem Sommer

geleistet hat, volle Anerkennung nicht versagen kénnen.

Im folgenden fiihre ich nun einzeln die beobachteten und gesammelten Vogel-

arten auf. Da der verfiigbare Raum beschriinkt ist, glanbe ich ohne Schaden auf

die Angaben fritherer Litteratur sowie Synonymik verzichten zu kénnen. Ich

beschrinke mich darauf, aus Rothschilds und Harterts letzter Arbeit itiber

Algerien: “Orn. Explorations in Algeria,” Nov. Zool., vol. xviii. January

1912, die entsprechenden Stellen anzugeben, um den Vergleich der verschiedenen

Beobachtungen zu erleichtern.

1. Corvus corax umbrinus Sundey.

Mein Material geniigt nicht, um iiber die Identitit des siidalgerischen braunen

Wiistenraben mit dem C. c. wmbrinus aus Egypten, der terra typica, ein abschlies-

sendes Urteil zu fillen. In den Massen kann ich nennenswerte Unterschiede

nicht finden.

In Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 471 erwiihnen Hartert and Rothschild, dass ihrer Ansicht

nach die Raben bei Biskra siimtlich C. c. tingitanus sein diirften, C. c. umbrinus

dagegen ist ein Charaktervogel der inneren Wiiste und wurde im Siiden der

Atlaslinder bisher nur ganz vereinzelt erbeutet, z. B. durch Baron y. Erlanger in

der tunesichen Sahara 2 Exemplare (J. f. O. 1899, p. 485). Die alteren Schrift-

steller erwiihnen ihn fiir die Atlasliinder iiberhaupt nicht. Wibrend sonst mit

dem tieferen Eindringen in die Wiiste die Zahl der vorhandenen Vogelarten

eigentlich immer nur abnimmt bei keineswegs entsprechendem Ansgleich durch

neue Gestalten, macht der Wiistenrabe hiervon eine Ansnahme: Bis Ouargla sah

Spatz kein Stiick, dann hie und da vereinzelte Exemplare, und erst bei Ain Taiba

traf er in der Sanddiinen-Landschaft einen Flug von 34 Stiick, welcher stiindig

in die Niihe des Wassers kam. Vom ersten Tage an waren die Vogel iiusserst

vorsichtig, obgleich sie hier doch gewiss noch niemals Nachstellungen erfahren

hatten. Hs gelang trotz vieler Miihe nur 3 Raben gleich zu Anfang am 2-3. vi.

zu erlegen. Hiner ist ¢ ad. mit 394 mm. Fllg., die beiden anderen sind voll

erwachsene Junge aus demselben Jahre. Das Gefieder des alten Vogels ist

abgeniitzt. Anch bei den Streifereien siidlich von Ain ‘laiba wurden noch mebhr-

fach Wiistenraben beobachtet, ihre Hanfigkeit nimmt also nach Siiden hin zu,

soweit die Expedition diesmal in die Wiiste vordrang.

( 168 )

2. Oriolus oriolus oriolus (L.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 474.

Ob der Pirol im Norden Algeriens briitet, ist noch nicht ganz zweifellos,

jedenfalls passiert er recht zahlreich den Siiden gelegentlich seines spiiten Friih-

jahrszuges. Spatz sammelte noch am 11.y, ein ? ad. in Ouargla.

3. Chloris chloris aurantiiventris Cab.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p, 475.

Dieser lebhaft gefiirbte Gritnfink, welcher schon in Nord-Algerien briitet,

wurde als Durchziigler noch Ende April in Biskra angetroffen, ? dort am 26. iy.

erlegt.

4. Carduelis carduelis africanus Hart.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 476.

Der afrikanische Stieglitz bewohnt als Brutvogel zwar ganz Algerien siidwiirts

bis Biskra, doch liegen keine Beobachtungen iiber sein Vorkommen in der eigent-

lichen Wiiste vor, Spatz sammelte ein d ad. am 23. iv.in Biskra.

5. Passer domesticus tingitanus & P. hispaniolensis flickigeri.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 479, T. xi.

Folgendes recht reichhaltige Material liegt mir vor:

ad. d, 3 $ 2, Biskra, 23. iv.

ad.5 dd, ? ¢, Touggourt, 27-30. iv.

ad. 23 3d, 12 $%, Ouargla, 8-20. v.

juv.3 dd, ? ” ”

ad. 3 6d, Ouargla 4. vii. Sa. 52 Ex.

Rothschild u. Hartert haben in ihrer Arbeit mit dankenswerter Ausfiihrlichkeit

die Frage der Systematik bei den siidalgerischenSperlingen besprochen. Sie kommen

zu dem Resultat, dass man die Mehrzahl iiberhaupt nicht als reine Rasse sondern als

Kreuzungsprodnkte eines Haussperlings (P. domesticus tingitanus Loche) und eines

Weidensperlings (P. hispaniolensis fliichigeri K\schdt.) zu betrachten habe. Wie

ausserordentlich gross die individuelle Variation ist, wird durch eine sehr inter-

essante Tafel bewiesen, welche 20 verschiedene Kopfplatten in grau, rot, schwiirzlich,

gesprenkelt und allen Zwischenstufen zeigt. Eines dieser Kleider habe ich als

P. italiae bergeri (O. M. 1908 p, 41) beschrieben, auf iihnliche Stiicke beziehen sich

jedenfalls auch die vielen sonst in der Litteratur vorkommenden Angaben iiber die

Erlegung von P. italiae in N.-Afrika. Ich schicke voraus, dass ich auf Grand

meines neuen schénen Materials zu derselben Schlussfolgerung wie Hartert

komme, also die Sperlinge als Bastarde ausehe und den Namen P. étaliae bergeri

dem entsprechend einziehe. Ich kann aber nicht umhin, den Verdacht auszusprechen,

dass vielleicht der P. italiae iiberhaupt das Produkt einer Vermischung von

P. domesticus und hispaniolensis ist. Es wiirde zu weit fiihren, hier diese sehr

schwierige Frage zu erértern. Wer bei Hartert in V. d. p. F. pp. 148—158 die

Angaben iiber die Verbreitung von P. d. domesticus, P. italiae und P. hispaniolensis

nebst Subspecies nachliest, wird finden, dass itberall einzelne Vertreter der einen

Form mitten zwischen solchen der anderen gefunden worden sind. Das gibt doch

zu denken, und so sind mir, wie gesagt, Zweifel daran gekommen, ob P. ttaliae

( 169 )

wirklich eine gute Art und nicht vielmehr entweder ein Mischprodukt ist oder,

was fast auf dasselbe hinauskommen wiirde, eine rotkipfige Varietit yon

P. domesticus. Unter den dd meiner schénen Suite sind jedenfalls einige

Rotképfe ganz ohne jeden Liingsflecken an den Brustseiten, welche ich von

typischen ¢tadiae nicht unterscheiden kann, auch ihre Wangen sind meist rein weiss.

Hine weitere Reihe gleicht ganz dem Typus meines nunmehr eingesargten

P. italiae bergeri, d. h. Unterseite ohne daunkle Streifen, Kopfplatte rot und gran

gemischt, nach vorn zu grauer. Hinige wenige kénnte man auf Grand von mehr

oder weniger schwarzlicher Zeichnung auf dem Oberkopfe als P. d. tingitanus

ansprechen. Auch der Charakter von P. h. flichigeri mit ganz geringen dunklen

Seitenstreifen und rétlichem Kopfe ist vertreten, starke Seitenstreifen zeigt nur

ein d aus Onargla 4. vii., doch hat auch dieses noch weit weniger schwarz als

echte Hispaniolensis meiner Sammlung aus Nord-Tunesien bezw. meine P. his-

paniolensis washington’ Tsch. aus Suez und El-Tor. Ich fasse meinen Befund

dahin zusammen: Durch dauernde Kreuzung zweier urspriinglich recht ver-

schiedener Formen bildet sich hier anscheinend allmiihlich eine neue Rasse heraus.

Bis heute ist es noch unméglich zu sagen, welcher Fairbungscharakter dominieren

wird. Auf der Unterseite ist die Ahnlichkeit mit domesticus entschieden vorwiegend,

die dunklen Seitenstreifen fehlen meist ganz oder sind schwach angedentet. Auf

der Oberseite zeigt der Riicken meist keine nennenswerten Unterschiede gegeniiber

typischen /ispaniolensis ; auf der Kopfplatte findet man alle denkbaren Varia-

tionen: reines rotbraun ist hiufig und zwar ebenso bei abgeniitzten Kleidern

(Biskra, Touggourt, iv.), wie bei frischen (Ouargla vii.). Hine ganze Serie von

Onargla v. zeigt gran mit rotbraun gemischt ; vereinzelt sind zwischen granen auch

schwiirzliche Federchen eingesprengt, ein 6 trigt eine nach hinten zu rein

rotbraune, vorn mehr schwiirzliche Kopfplatte. Die 2 unterscheiden sich nicht

merklich yon einander, ein schwirzlicher Kehlfleck ist wiederholt mehr oder

weniger deutlich hervortretend, ich halte das lediglich fiir ein Zeichen hdheren

Alters. Alle dd ad. haben schwarze Schniibel, alle Sd juv. und $ ? zeigen

brannen Ober- und gelben Unterschnabel.

In den Oasen, speciell in Ouargla, wo er sehr hiufig ist, nistet der Sperling

nach Spatz’ Beobachtungen in Hiausern, ist also biologisch ein domesticus, genau

wie ich es s. Z. in Gafsafand. In der Oase versammelten sich alltiiglich massenhaft

Sperlinge in den Palmen iiber einem abgeernteten Weizenfelde, doch war auf keinem

der Biiume ein Nest zu finden, alle standen im Gemiiner der Araberstadt. In

derselben Weise besucht ja auch unser Haussperling scharenweise die Felder rings

um die Dérfer, ohne deshalb hiufiger in den unmittelbar benachbarten Baum-

gruppen der Giirten statt in Héiinsern and Stiillen zu nisten.

6. Passer simplex saharae Erl.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p, 482.

Dieser Sperling scheint, abnlich dem Wiistenraben, erst im Herzen der Sahara

recht hiufig za werden. Er ist ein typischer Bewohner der Sandwiiste: als Spatz

bei Arefidji am 4.v die ersten kleinen Diinen passierte, konnte er auch sofort die

beiden ersten dd sammeln. Einen Monat spiiter bei Ain Taiba fand er dann den

Vogel in grosser Menge, ich besitze von dort 7 ¢ ad., 6 d juv., 1 2 ad., 5 % jay.

(2-9, vi.). Hs ist wohl angebracht, diesen Platz einmal etwas genauer zu be-

schreiben : Mitten zwischen 2-300 m. hohen Sanddiinen liegt versteckt ein Teich,

(170 )

der im Jani noch 40-50m, Durchmesser des Wasserspiegels hatte, rings umgibt

ihn ein breiter Schilfgiirtel. In diesem erheben sich einige alte verfilzte und

buschartige wilde Dattelpalmen, in welchen der Wiistensperling kolonieartig

nistet. Eine grosse Zahl vou Végeln, ad. wie juv., hielt sich den ganzen Tag iiber

in diesen Palmbiischen auf, iiberall hingen unordentlich Reste yom Nistmaterial

heram, doch gelang es nicht mehr, besetzte Nester zu finden. Gliicklicher war

Spatz kurz darauf beim Hassi Medjira, wo er am 26. vi. ein Nest mit 3 etwas

angebriiteten Eiern im Brunnen fand. ‘Daneben im Innern eines kleinen Marabout

mit einem Loch in der Kuppel entdeckte er bald darauf etwa mannshoch iiber dem

Boden in einer Ecke noch ein zweites Nest ebenfalls mit 3 Hiern (beide Gelege

nebst den Alten zu letzterem befinden sich hente im Mnseum Koenig). Es

scheint mir dauach, als machte hier der Wiistensperling seine erste Brut ziemlich

regelmiissig im April, aus ihr stammen die zahlreich bei Ain Taiba gefundenen

schon fliiggen Jungen. Dann kommt gegen Ende Mai eine zweite Brut. Auf

dem Riickmarscle sammelte Spatz noch am 13. vii. bei Hassi bou-Chesana d ? juv.,

beide in der Mauser begriffen, das ¢ zeigt Anfiinge des schwarzen Keblflecks.

Es ist jedenfalls bewiesen, dass der Vogel in der Wahl seines Nistplatzes nicht an

die Wiistenbrunnen sich bindet, wie Koenig glaubte, sondern sich den verschieden-

sten Lokalitiiten anbequemt. Nimmt man einige friihere Beobachtungen hinzu:

Tristram berichtet yon Nestern in Palmen, v. Erlanger fand ein Nest bei Bir Aouine

(Tunes. Sahara) in einem hohlen Banmstamm und Spatz im Miirz 1898 ebenfalls in

der Tunesischen Sahara Nester noten in dem miichtigen Horste des grossen braunen

Geiers (wohl Vultur monachus) eingebaut, wiihrend gleichzeitig auch die Geier

beseits gelegt hatten, Hartert, 1909, fand Nester in Palmen und in einem Loche in

einem Stamme,—so kann man mit Recht von einer grossen Anpassungsfahigkeit

reden, da Gebiinde, Brunnen, Palmen, hohle Biiume und Geierhorste abwechselnd

als Nistpliitze dienen.

Die Schnabelfarbe ist nicht ein Kennzeichen der Unterart, wie vy. Erlanger

glanbte, sondern wechselt nach Geschlecht und Jabreszeit, wie schon Hartert sehr

zutreffend erklirte. Won meinen Végeln zeigen 4 d ad. ganz schwarze Schniibel,

5 fo ad. nur ganz schwarzen Oberschnabel und an der Wurzel gelblichen Unter-

schnabel, 1 ¢ ad. hat iiberhaupt gelblichen Schnabel, nur die Spitze des Ober-

schnabels ist briiunlich, dieses ist auch in der Mauser schon weiter vorgeschritten

als alle anderen. Alle dd juv. und ? ? haben vorwiegend gelbe Schniibel, meist

ist der Oberschnabel etwas dunkler. Bei allen gd, anch den juy., zeigt sich die

Neigung zu etwas stiirkerem Schnabel als bei den entsprechenden ¢ ?.

7. Emberiza striolata sahari Ley.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 484.

Dieser Ammer ist durchaus kein Bewohner sandiger Wiiste. Spatz fand ibn

in Biskra ziemlich hiufig, hingegen von Touggourt an siidlich in der ganzen Sand-

region nicht mebr, wiihrend ihn Hartert im steinigen M’zab recht weit siidlich als

Brutyogel noch bei Ghardaia feststellte.

8. Eremophila (Otocorys auct.) alpestris bilopha (Temm.)

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 498.

Diese reizende, steiniges Gelinde in der Sahara bewohnende Obrenlerche wurde

nur in zwei jungen Stiicken, einem d und einem $, am 13. und 14. vii bei Hassi

bou-Chesana nérdlich von Ouargla erbentet. Beide Stiicke befinden sich in dem

(171)

vom Alterskleide dieser Ohrenlerche so ganz abweichenden Jugendgefieder, sodass

ich zuniichst glaubte, eine Ammomanes vor mir zu haben. Die richtige Bestimmung

nahm Dr. Hartert vor, der ebensolche Stiicke im Juni erbeutete. Ausserdem ist

das ¢ noch abnorm, indem an den Handschwingen beide Fahnen isabell gefirbt

sind. Alte Végel wurden leider yon Spatz nicht erbentet. Hartert fand die Art

nicht siidlicher als auf einer Linie von Ghardaia nach Gnerrara und von dort nach

ELAlia.

9. Ammomanes phoenicura arenicolor Sund.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 487.

In dankenswerter Weise sammelte Spatz eine gréssere Snite aus den ver-

schiedensten Lokalitiiten :

4 $6, ? ad. Bled-el-Ahmar 1-2. v.

$ 2 ad. Hassi Mahmar, 3. v.

2? ad. Arefidji, 5. v.

? ad. Hassi Djeribia, 29. v.

6 ad. Ain Taiba, 9. vi.

? ad: Hassi Teboub, 17. vi.

6 ad. Hassi Melah, 22. vi.

6 ad. Petriische Sahara, siidéstl. Ouargla, 2. vii.

? juv. Hassi bou-Chesana, 13. vii.

6 juv. Hassi Mahmar, 15. vii.

Meine Stiicke messen :

66 ad.: FI. 91-97, Schnabel 11-13, meist 12 mm.

2? ad.: FI. 85-89, Schnabel 10-11,5 mm.

Wie bei allen Ammomanes hat ? fast stets zierlicheren Schnabel und etwas

kleineres Fliigelmass als ¢.

Der einzige Vogel aus typischer Steinwiiste, d vom 2. vii, unterscheidet sich

sofort von allen anderen durch rétere Oberseite, besonders deutlich erscheint diese

Fiirbung auf der Kopfplatte. Er triigt hier schon eben hervorgekommene frische

Federn, die friiher erlegten Stiicke sind im abgetragenen Kleide. Vielfach tritt

hier infolze Abniitzung die dunklere Basis der Federn stiirker hervor als beim

frischen Kleide. Leider fehlt es an geniigendem Material von frisch vermauserten

Végeln, um entscheiden zu kénnen, ob die Bewohner der Sandwiiste sich von denen

der Steinwiiste etwa in iihnlicher Weise unterscheiden wie (ralerida theklae

deichleri und G. t. carolinae. Im abgeniitzten Gefieder vermag Dr. Hartert, dem

ich meine Stiicke zum Vergleich sandte, einen konstanten Unterschied nicht fest-

zustellen. Uberdies teilt er mir freundlichst aus seiner Erfahrung mit, dass bei allen

Ammomanes aus der Wiiste darch das oft unvermeidliche Waschen des Balges

ungewohnlich grosse Veriinderungen in der Fiirbung resultieren, sodass man

doppelt vorsichtig sein muss. Meine jungen Vogel yom Juli sind schon ziemlich

abgeniitazt in ihrem Kleide,

Wihrend in Tunesien nach allen yorliegenden Beobachtungen yon Erlanger,

Spatz, mir und vielen anderen diese Lerche nur in der Steppe und anf steinigen

Plateaus, hingegen anscheinend nicht in der Sandrezion vorkommt, bindet sie sich

in der Algerischen Sahara keineswegs an so bestimmte Ortlichkeiten, Dr. Hartert

teilt mir freundlichst mit, dass er sie auf seiner letzten Reise vorzugsweise auch

auf steiniger Hammada ond nur ausnahmsweise in sandiger Ebene bei Tidikelt und

nordlich yon Hl-Alia angetroffen habe. Dagegen schildert sie mir Spatz als eine in

(172)

der eigentlichsten Diinenwiiste ebenfalls alltiigliche Erscheinung. Er fand sie sogar

haufiger in ausgesprochener Sandgegend, so in den niederen Diinen bei Arefidji,

Hassi Djeribia und Hassi Melah, zwischen den hohen Diinen bei Ain Taiba und

Hassi Teboub. Die dort gesammelten Hxemplare sind nicht etwa_ Irrgiiste,

sondern Belegstiicke aus einer grésseren Zahl beobachteter Végel. Meist hielten

sie sich paarweise, oft hiérte Spatz ein d locken, doch kamen anch kleine Trupps

vor, wohl Familien. Da es sich um eine fortgesetzte Reihe von Beobachtungen

zwischen Anfang Mai und Mitte Juli handelt, halte ich es fiir so gut wie ans-

geschlossen, dass diese Art irgendwo anders, etwa nur auf den Steinplateaus, briiten

sollte, um erst nachher anch in der Sandwiiste zu erscheinen. Dem widerspricht

alles, die Zahl der gesehenen Vogel, ihr Benehmen, die Jahreszeit. Auch andere

Lerchenarten zeigen bisweilen in der Wahl ihres Aufenthaltes eine scheinbar

recht auffiillige Inkonseqnenz. Ich erwiihne nar Kremophila alpestris bilopha

Temm., welche als ein ausschliesslicher Wiistenbewohner galt, bis ich sie als gar

nicht so seltenen Standyogel in der Lehmsteppe unweit von Gabés in den Jahren

1905-06 konstatierte (vgl. J. f. O., 1909. ii. pp. 182-4).

Als interessant muss ich noch hervorheben, dass Spatz die kleine Ammomanes

fast stets zusammen mit Alaemon alaudipes alaudipes fand. Ganz iibereinstim-

mend beobachtete ich selbst im Januar 1908 wie Nnde Marz 1911 Ammomanes

deserti isabellina und Alaemon alaudipes desertorum stets beisammen an einer

bestimmten Stelle unweit Suez, hingegen sonst nirgends in der ganzen Gegend.

10. Galerida cristata arenicola Tristr.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 493.

Es stimmt mit Harterts Befund durchaus iiberein, dass diese siidlichste Form

der langschniibligen Haubenlerche in den Atlasliindern nicht gar weit in die Wiiste

vordringt. Mir liegen folgende Stiicke vor :

3 25. iv. Djemaa, nérdl. Touggourt.

3 27. iv. Touggourt.

3 1. vy. Bled-el-Abmar.

Alle wurden auf oder an der Strasse unweit der Ortschaften erlegt.

| Fliigellg. 98-104 mm., nach Hartert

J V.d.p. F., p. 232 grosser: 107-112 mm.

11. Galerida theklae deichleri Erl.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov, Zool. p. 495,

Zwar ist diese kurzschniblige Haubenlerche ein Charaktervogel sandiger

Landstriche, doch kommt sie anscheinend zwischen den ganz hohen Sanddiinen

nicht vor. Im flacheren Sandgeliinde bei Arefidji war sie haufig,es wurden dort am

4. und 5.v. ohne grosse Miihe 4 d, ? ad. sowie 2 d juv. gesammelt. Weiter

siidwiirts fand Spatz sie nicht mehr, auf der Riickreise erlegte er dann wieder

33 juv. am 17. vii. bei Bled-el-Ahmar und ¢ jay. am 26. vii. bei Bordj Chegga,

siidlich Biskra. Entgegen ihren sonstigen Gepflogenheiten hielten sich die Vogel

am 17. vii. auf einem Stoppelfelde innerhalb der Oase auf.

12. Alaemon alaudipes alaudipes Desf.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 497.

Im Gegensatz zu den Haubenlerchen ist die grosse Wiistenlauferlerche ein

Charaktervogel der Wiiste bis in ihr Herz hinein, und zwar ganz gleich, ob grosse,

(193)

kleine oder gar keine Diinen vorhanden sind. Spatz erkliirt sie als die hiufigste,

d.h. am allgemeinsten verbreitete Vogelart, welche er auf seiner Wiistentour antraf.

Folgende Biilge bestiitigen das :

33% ad, d juv., 1. und 2. v., Bled-el-Ahmar.

6 juv., 3.v., Hassi Mahmar.

2 (?) juv., 5.v., Arefidji.

3S ad., 29. und 31 y., Hassi Djeribia.

36 juv., 17. vi., Hassi Djeribia.

3 fo juv., 13. und 16. vii., [Hassi bou-Chesana und Hassi Mahmar.

Bei Arefidji wurde am 4. y. ein Nest mit 4 frischen Hiern gefunden. Es stand

wie gewohnlich oben auf einem kleinen Busch, doch bedeutet die Zahl von 4 Hiern

eine Seltenheit, sonst betriigt das Gelege dieser Lerche nur 3 Hier. Auch die

Masse derselben sind in diesem Falle ungemein gross. Das schéne Gelege befindet

sich jetzt im Museum Koenig.

Ende Mai wurden fliigge Junge noch gefiittert. Wegen der sehr erheblichen

Unterschiede in Massen und Firbung bei beiden Geschlechtern verweise ich auf

meine Ausfiihrungen J. f O. 1909. ii. p. 164. Ergiinzend hierzu bemerke ich in

Bezug auf die jangen Vogel, dass auch schon in diesem frithen Stadium beim ¢ der

liingere—wenn auch noch nicht ganz ausgewachsene—Schnabel gegeniiber dem

gleichaltrigen ? anffillt. Die Oberseite ist rétlicher, sandfarbener als bei allen

alten Végel. Die ersten 2-3 Handschwingen sind bei allen juy. beider Geschlechter

blass wie beim ad., niemals dunkel wie beim d ad. auch im abgeniitzten

Gefieder.

13. Anthus trivialis trivialis L.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zvol. p. 498.

Wiihrend des Miirz und April ist der Baumpieper nach Hartert ein im Siiden

hiiufiger Durchziigler. Hin verspiteter Gast (? ad.) wurde noch am 20. v. in der

Oase Chott bei Onargla an einem sumpfigen Graben hochgemacht und von Spatz

erlegt. :

14. Anthus cervinus Pall.

Gleichzeitig mit vorigem wurde auch ein Rotkehlpieper 2 geschossen, dessen

Unterseite recht lebhaft gefirbt ist, also gewiss kein junger Vogel.

Dieser Fall ist interessant, da die Art eigentlich dem Osten angehért und

gerade fiir Algerien bisher nur ganz selten festgestellt wurde. Hartert in V.d.p. F. i.

p- 278 nennt ihn in Egypten, wo auch ich ihn mehrfach sammelte, einen hiufigen

Wintergast, in Tunis schon seltener, in Marokko ganz selten, fiir Algerien erwihnt

er iin nicht. Auch Koenig fand ihn wohl vereinzelt in Tunis, hingegen spricht

er J. f. O. 1895, p. 410 ausdiiicklich aus: “ A. cervénus ist mir nicht begegnet (in

Algerien).” Bei dieser Gelegenheit méchte ich bemerken, dass vy. Erlangers

Vermutung, dieser Pieper britte bei Gafsa, wo der Forscher Ende April und Anfang

Mai einige Stiicke erbeutete, sicher ganz unzutreffend ist, denn die Brutgebiete

liegen weit im Nordosten Europas. Hingegen haben wir hier wieder einmal

typische Beispiele dafiir, dass nicht selten alte und durchaus gesunde Zugvigel

sich noch in Afrika zu einer Zeit herumtreiben, in welcher bereits die Mehrzabl

ihrer Artgenossen liingst wieder in die nordische Heimat zuriickgekehrt ist und

sich dort dem Brutgeschiifte widmet.

Uber das Vorkommen dieses Piepers in Algerien finde ich nur Mitteilungen in

den iilteren Werken von Loche und Taczanowski.

(174 )

15. Motacilla flava flava L.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 499.

Bei Touggourt traf Spatz Ende April auf einem gemiihten Gerstenfelde einen

erésseren Schwarm Kuhstelzen, welcher, soweit sich feststellen liess, nur aus dd

bestand. Belegexemplare warden geschossen. Viel spiiter dann am 2. vi. warde

bei Ain Taiba noch ? semiad. erlegt, es trigt fast noch reines Jugendkleid, doch

zeigt sich auf dem Kropfe anffallend starke dunkle Wélkung. Derartige Erschein-

ungen kommen vereinzelt hie und da vor, auch das Berliner Museum besitzt unter

seinen vielen Bilgen einen ganz iihnlich gezeichneten Vogel. Gleichzeitig wurden

noch 3-4 Stiick beobachtet. .

16. Motacilla flava dombrowskii Tsch. ?

Bei der gleichen Gelegenheit wurden auch 2 d erlegt mit auffallend dunklen

Ohrdecken, ziemlich diister granem Oberkopf und deutlich weissem Snperciliar-

streifen. Unter einander stimmen sie aber wieder nicht vollkommen iiberein, eins

zeigt ganz den Firbungscharakter von M/./. dombrowskii, das andere steht an der

Grenze zwischen dieser Art und fava. Fiir dombrowshkii ist Rumiinien die terra

typica, es erscheint aber sehr unwahrscheinlich, dass Brutvégel von dort auf dem

Zuge Siid-Algerien passieren sollten, Kher halte ich das fiir méglich bei Giisten

aus dem zentralen Russland (vgl. z. B. Anthus cervinus). Da die Grenzen der

Brutreviere von M. f. fava und M. f. dombrowskii bisher noch nicht scharf ab-

geteilt sind (vgl. Hartert, V. d. p. F. i. p. 288-9), halte ich es doch nicht fiir

ausgeschlossen, dass letztere Form in ihrer Heimat weiter nérdlich hinaufgeht,

als meist angenommen wird, und dann auf dem Zuge auch gelegentlich weit nach

Siidwesten verstreicht. Recht dunkelohrige M. /. fava kommen iibrigens auch

sonst in verschiedenen Teilen Europas vereinzelt vor.

17. Lanius excubitor elegans Swains.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 500.

Der blasse Raubwiirger bewohnt mehr den Rand der Wiiste als ihr Inneres,

immerhin briiten einzelne Pirchen doch recht weit siidlich. So erhielt ich ? ad.,

23d, 229 juv. aus Hassi bou-Chesana 14. vii. und Hassi Mahmar, 15. vii. Hin

dad. habe ich von Bordj Chegga, siidlich Biskra, 26. vii., dieser Fundort liegt also

ganz wesentlich nérdlicher. Siidlich von Ouargla in den grossen Diinen scheint

der Wiirger wiihrend der Brutzeit nicht mehr vorzukommen.

18. Lanius senator senator L.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 501.

Ich verweise auf Rothschilds & Harterts Bemerkungen iiber die Systematik, bei

welchen er die Form “ fliickigeri” einzieht.

Mir liegen ¢¢ ? ad. Biskra, 23. iv. vor, alle tragen frisches Gefieder mit sehr

breiter schwarzer Stirnbinde, der Fliigelspiegel ist deutlich vorhanden, also kommt

die Form “ L. s. badius” nicht in Frage.

Der rotképfige Wiirger hat es im Friihjahr mit dem Zage nicht eilig, der

Termin der Erlegung Ende April kann nicht als abnorm spit gelten.

19. Muscicapa hypoleuca speculigera Bp.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 503.

Nor ein ¢d Biskra 23. iv. erhielt ich diesmal; das Schwingen-Verhiiltnis ist

dentlich : 5. linger als 2., die diussersten Steuerfedern zeigen an den Aussenfahnen

schmale weisse Siume, sonst ist der Schwanz schwarz. Der Fliigel misst 78 mm.

Es handelt sich zweifellos um die in Nordafrika briitende Form, welche von der

europaischen sehr wohl unterscheidbar ist.

20. Muscicapa collaris Bechst.

Dieser Fliegenfiinger ist in Algerien anscheinend ein viel seltenerer Durch-

zugler als in Tunesien, wo unter anderen auch v. Erlanger wiihrend des April 1893

und 1897 mehrere Exemplare erbeutete. Der Kopf des einen ist J. f. O. 1899. p. 507.

Fig. 3 abgebildet. Fiir Algerien hingegen liegen nur einige iiltere Angaben von

Malherbe und Loche vor, Hartert in den Novitates erwiihnt den Vogel nicht, und

in den V. d. p. F. p. 484 nur als Durebziigler bezw. Wintergast fiir Egypten. Es

ist somit doch recht interessant, dass Spatz mir ein schones ¢ aus Ouargla 13. vy.

mitbringen konnte. Der weisse Halsring ist sehr breit, der weisse Stirnfleck recht

ausgedehnt, aihnlich wie auf der Abbildung bei v. Erlanger. Die beiden iiusseren

Paare der Stenerfedern haben am Ende schmale weisse Siiume, welche auf den

beiden linken Federn recht ausgepriigt, auf den beiden rechten kaum wahrnehmbar

sind. Das Gefieder ist ziemlich frisch.

21. Muscicapa striata tyrrhenica Schiebel. (?)

Bei meinen 2 Stiicken, ¢ 4. v. Arefidji und ? 3. vi. Ain Taiba, ist der Vorder-

kopf sehr blass mit nur schwacher Strichelung, auch die Unterseite zeigt nur

verwaschene Liingsflecke. Es fehlt mir leider an Vergleichsmaterial in grésserer

Suite, aber nach der Beschreibung von Schiebel (Orn. Jbch. 1910, p. 102) und

den Bemerkungen in Nov. Zool. p. 503 glaube ich meine Végel zur sardinischen

Form ziehen zu sollen.

22. Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus L.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 504.

Dieser am Nordrande der Wiiste von Ende Februar bis Mitte April hiufig auf

dem Zuge erscheinende Laubsiinger wird gelegentlich in einzelnen Exemplaren

auch noch spiiter angetroffen. Mir liegt hier ¢ 23.iv, Biskra und ? 20. v, Oase

Ouargla vor. Interessant ist die sehr erhebliche Differenz in den Massen, diese

sind folgende :

Lg. Fl. Schwarz. Schnabel.

3 131 68 50 11 mm.

3 114 62 47 7,5 mm.

Bei beiden ist 2 Handschwinge merklich linger als 4, es sind tiberhaupt typische

trochilus, wie mir Dr. Hartert bestiitigte, dem ich sie zur Ansicht sandte. Ich halte

es fiir wichtig daranf hinzuweisen, wie erheblich geringer die Masse beim ? sind.

( 176 )

23. Acrocephalus arundinaceus arundinaceus L.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 504.

Der grosse Rohrsiinger, den Hartert und Hilgert im April 1909 nar gesehen

aber nicht gesammelt haben (Route Biskra—Touggourt), wurde von Spatz in

3 Exemplaren mitgebracht ; d 8. v.Ouargla und $ ? 18-20. v. Chott bei Ouargla.

Alle zeigten sich ziemlich scheu und wurden vatiirlich nur am Wasser in den

Oasen angetroffen. Das ¢@ sang nicht. Es diirfte sich um Zugydgel bandeln,

daranf deutet anch der Umstand hin, dass d zuerst, spiiter nur % erlegt wurden.

Ein merkbarer konstanter Unterschied gegeniiber unseren heimischen Drossel-

rohrsiingern im gleichen Stadium des Gefieders scheint mir nicht wahrnehmbar,

etwas individuelle Variabilitat des Brauns auf der Oberseite ist anch bei schlesischen

Brutvégeln, von denen ich eine grosse Suite besitze, nicht selten.

24. Acrocephalus streperus streperus L.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zovl. p. 504.

Von Hartert wurde auch dieser Robrsiinger nur gehdrt, ich erhielt jetat d? ¢

18-20. v. aus der Oase Chott bei Ouargla. Hier kam der Vogel neben seinem vorher

erwiihnten Verwandten vor, war aber anscheinend recht selten, denn ausser diesen

3 kamen weitere Stiiecke nicht zur Beobachtung. Die Stimme wurde nicht gehdrt.

Auch hier handelt es sich héchst wahrscheinlich um nordische Giiste.

Die Fiirbung oberseits ist etwas weniger rotbriiunlich als bei schlesischen

Végeln, doch liegt mir zum Vergleiche nur eine Serie heimischer Stiicke aus dem

August und September vor, deren frisches Gefieder naturgemiiss etwas anders

aussehen muss.

25. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus L.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 504.

Etwas anders liegen die Verhiiltnisse bei diesem als bei den beiden vorigen

Acrocephalus. Jene erscheinen im Saharagebiete nur selten und ziemlich sicher als

Giiste, der Schilf-Rohrsiinger hingegen wurde in der zweiten Hilfte des Mai noch

recht zablreich mitten in der Wiiste gefunden: es liegen mir 9 Ex, 18-22.y.

aus den Oasen Onargla und Chott vor. Eine erheblich gréssere Zahl wurde erlegt,

doch gingen manche Végel im fiir Erbeutung schwierigen Gelinde yerloren, andere

waren so zerschossen, dass sie nicht gebalgt werden konnten. Sehr ungliick-

licherweise sind alle 9 vorhandenen Stiicke 2, ob unter den anderen sich 6d

befanden, vermag ich natiirlich nicht zu sagen, immerhin erscheint es nicht un-

wahrscheinlich, da, wie gesagt, der Vogel an den grossen Zuleitungsgriiben im

Gebiisch direkt hiiufig war. Sollten das alles 2? gewesen sein, so wiire der

Beweis allerdings so gut wie erbracht, dass es sich nur um Giiste handeln kann, bei

welchen ja sehr oft die Geschlechter getrennt ziehen, dann die ? ? stets spiiter.

Nicht versiiumen miéchte ich, anf einen Parallel-Fall hinzuweisen: v. Erlanger

sammelte am 16-17. Mai 1901 in Wante, S. Somaliland, 2 dd, 5 2 ad. dieses

Vogels (vgl. Cat. Hilgert, p. 192), welche ich selbst in Ingelheim untersucht habe

und nicht von deutschen A. schoenobaenus unterscheiden kann. Es bleibt also die

gewiss interessante Frage offen [:1.] Briitet der Schilf-Rohrsinger nur im Norden

der Atlasliinder, wie es Rothschild und Hartert konstatierten, und erscheint er noch

weit im Inneren des schwarzen Erdteils spit im Mai nur als hiiufiger Gast [ :2.]

Erstreckt sich das Brutgebiet bis tief in die Sahara hinein und in N. O. Afrika bis

zum 8. Somaliland ?

26. Hypolais icterina Vieill.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p- 504.

Die mitgebrachten beiden Stiicke, 2 19.v. Onargla, ¢ 20.v. Chott bei

Ouargla, gehéren zu dieser Art und nicht zu polyglotta, wie man annehmen sollte,

da letztere in der West-Sahara anscheinend briitet (vgl. Hartert, V. d. p. F. p. 572).

Bei meinen Végeln ist die 1. Handschwinge kurz, kaum liinger als die Hand-

decken, 2 linger als 5., Fllg. 75-76 mm. Bei polyglotta ist die 1. Schwinge

bedeutend linger, 2.=5. oder kiirzer, Fllg. 64-70 mm.

27. Hypolais pallida opaca Cab.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p, 505.

Dieser im Norden und Centrum der Atlasliinder nistende Vogel kommt auch

noch spiit im Jahre vereinzelt weit im Stiden vor. Sckon Hartert fand ihn bis

Ende April in Biskra und Touggourt, Spatz sammelte sogar 9 am 21. v. bei

Ouargla. Die sehr grossen und breiten Schniibel charakterisieren diese Form auf

den ersten Blick gegeniiber //. p. reiser’, ganz abgesehen von der viel blasseren

Oberseite bei letzterer,

28. Hypolais pallida reiseri Hilg.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov, Zool, p- 505.

Die algerische Sahara ist die Heimat dieses blassen Viégelchens mit dem

Telatiy zierlichen Schnabel, aber bisher scheint noch kein Ort gefunden zu sein,

wo es wirklich hiiufig vorkommt. Ich erhielt ein ¢ 21.y. Chott bei Ouargla,

3% 22.v. Ouargla, 2 17. vii. Bled-el-Ahmar. Das Benehmen ist lebhaft, der

schnalzende etwas monotone Gesang soll merklich von dem der ZL p. opaca

verschieden sein.

29. Sylvia nana deserti Loche.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov, Zool. p, 507.

Hin echtes Kind der Wiiste zieht diese kleine sandfarbene Grasmiicke sandige

Landstriche allen anderen vor, doch fand sie Spatz nicht zwischen den ganz hohen

Diiven, sondern im Geliinde mit miissigen Sandwellen. Dort an geeigueteu Plitzen

ist sie nicht selten, wie folgende Serie zeigt : 3 dd, 2-3, v., Bled-el-Ahmar; 4,

2%, 20-23. vi., Hassi Melah (istlichster Punkt).

30, Sylvia cantillans cantillans Pall.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. pp. 508, 509,

Ks liegt mir nur ein Stitck vor: ¢, 20. v., Chott bei Ouargla. Nach der Fliigel-

form kann nur S, ¢. cantillans oder inornata in Frage kommen, da die 2. H. 8.

zwischen der 5, und 6. steht. Man sollte nun so spiit im Jahre hier weit eher noch

eine ‘nornata vermuten, den Brutvogel der Atlasliinder, als cantillans, einen Gast

aus Europa. Bei sorgfiiltigem Vergleich muss ich diesen Vogel trotz seiner

lebhaften Firbung unterseits doch auf Grand der rein weissen Bauchmitte fiir

cantillans erkliren, Er stimmt ganz iiberein mit einem ¢ des B.M. aus Corsica, v.

Zur Sicherheit sandte ich den Vogel an Dr. Hartert, der iu zusammen mit Hilgert

in Ingelheim verglich und mir frenndlichst seine Diagnose mitteilte, welche aut

( 198 )

“ pantillans” Jautet. Ich betone noch ausdriicklich, dass es sich weder um einen

jungen, noch gar in der Entwickelung muriickgebliebenen Vogel, sondern offenbar

um ein recht altes, im Gefieder schénes d handelt.

31. Agrobates galactodes galactodes (‘T'eimm.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 510.

Wahrend Hartert die Heckennachtigall fiir einen Gast in der algerischen

Wiiste hielt, muss ich nach dem neuesten Befunde sie mit grosser Wahrscheinlichkeit

als Brutvogel mindestens in der Oase Ouargla bezeichnen. Dort fand Spatz

Anfang Mai viele eifrig singende gd, deren Testikeln stark geschwollen waren ;

bei der Riickreise in der ersten Hiilfte Juli hatte die Zahl der Vigel auscheinend

nicht abgenommen, nur der Gesang war fast ganz verstummt. An beiden Zeit-

punkten wurden Belegexemplare gesammelt, welche ich von Brutyogeln in Nord-

Tunesien, deren ich einige 30 Stiick besitze, nicht zu unterscheiden vermag.

32. Scotocerca inquieta saharae (Lochie).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 510.

Es ist eine ganz bestimmte Formation, welche der Wiistenschliipfer bewohnt,

sei es in Tunesien bis hinauf ins Gebiet ii. (v. Erlanger), sei es im Siiden Algeriens :

die Sebkha. Das ist ein Chott en miniature, eine Bodensenkung bestehend aus

stark salzhaltigem Lehm, am Rande meist umgeben von niederen salzverkrusteten

Biischen. Ob dann in der weiteren Umgebung sich steinige Hammada oder kleine

Sanddiinen erheben, scheint fiir unser Vdgelchen belanglos zu sein. Zwischen

hohen Diinen wurde es nicht gefunden, mir liegen hier 2 Exemplare vor :

3,5. v., Sebkha Ngoussa, 20 KIm. nérdlich Onargla.

3,18. vii., Hassi bou-Chesana.

Letzteres im sehr abgeniitzten Kleide zeigt eine viel hellere Oberseite als alle

Biilge des Berliner Museums. Es ist interessant, an ihm beobachten zu k5nnen,

wie stark die Sahara-Sonne mit der Zeit ein an sich schon blasses Gefieder noch

ausbleicht.

33. Cisticola cisticola arquata (Miill.),

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov, Zool. p. 511.

In diesem Falle liegen leider keine Belegstiicke vor. Der Cistensiinger wurde

ausschliesslich bei Biskra Ende April in Weizenfeldern beobachtet, welche man

nicht betreten durfte. Nach Jahreszeit und Fundort ist mit allergrésster Wahr-

scheinlichkeit anzunelimen, dass es sich hier um die in Nord-Afrika briitende Form,

nicht aber um den in Europa heimischen Vogel handelte.

34. Crateropus fulvus fulvus (Desf).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 511.

Weit hinein in die Wiiste erstreckt sich die Verbreitung nicht, wenigstens

nicht wihrend der Brutzeit. Auf der Hinreise wurden noch kleine Trapps

zwischen Tonggourt und Ouargla hie und da angetroffen, weiter siidlich scheint

diese Drossel aber in der Sanddiinen-Wiiste nicht mehr vorzukommen. Im

allgemeinen diirfte sie sich in ihrer Verbreitung an das Vorhandensein hoher

Dornbiische, besonders Zizyphus, binden, kénnte also anderswo unter anderen

Verhiiltnissen, z. B. in der Steinwiiste, auch noch weiter nach Siiden vordringen,

(179 )

35. Saxicola (Oenanthe) oenanthe oenanthe (L.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 513.

Die normale Zeit des Durchzuges fiillt in die zweite Hialfte Miirz und den

April. Aber noch spiiter sind durchziehende Vertreter der typischen oenanthe keine

grosse Seltenheit. Schon frither erhielt ich aus dem Norden Tunesiens mehrere

alte im Mai erlegte Stiicke, jetzt kommen noch 3 weitere hinzu: ¢ ? ?, 9-15-20. v.

Ouargla bezw. Chott. Keins derselben gehért der grossfliigeligen Form leucorhou

Gm. an.

36. Saxicola (Oenanthe) deserti homochroa Tristr.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 515.

Wegen der Systematik verweise ich anf Harterts ausfiihrliche Besprechung

der verwandten Formen. Spatz sah diesen Steinschmiitzer mehrfach und sammelte

3 ad, 5. v. Ngoussa sowie d juv. 26. vil. Bordj Chegga. Dieses Stiick ist in einem

Stadium, welches man nicht hiiufig bei dieser Art zu Gesicht bekommt, in der

Mauser vom kolossal abgeniitzten und verblassten Jugendkleide zum ersten

Alterskleide. Auf der Oberseite sind daher alle méglichen braunen, gelblichen

und sandfarbenen Schattierungen gemischt, die Unterseite ist vorwiegend weisslich

mit einigen rostfarbenen Federn am Kropfe und dem Beginn eines schwarzen

Kehlfleckes.

37. Saxicola (Oenanthe) hispanica hispanica (L.),

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov, Zool, p. 516.

Von diesem Durchziigler findet sich hie und da ein Spiitling noch im Mai, so

3 ll. yv., Ouargla, weisskehlig. Im Norden Algeriens briitet diese Art.

38. Saxicola (Oenanthe) leucopyga aegra Hart.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 518, und antea.

Mit der Systematik und der Frage, ob nicht Unterformen sich mit Fug und

Recht aufstellen liessen, habe ich mich bereits gelegentlich meiner Arbeit iiber

Sinai-Vigel (J. f O. 1912. iv. p. 559) beschiiftigt, ich méchte davon hier nichts

wiederholen.

Dr. Hartert sammelte dies Jahr im Innern der Sahara eine Serie, die ihm

geniigte, die algerische Form auf Grund ihrer geringeren Dimensionen abzutrennen.

Ich yerweise anf seine Ausfiihrungen und beschriinke mich darauf, meine Stiicke

zu beschreiben :

1. ? ad. 22. vi. Hassi Melah. Flilg. 94 mm., Kopfplatte schwarz mit einigen

weissen Iederchen, deutliche grosse schwarze Flecke auf allen Steuer-

federn.

2. d ad. Haond-Sita, dstlich Ouargla, petriiische Sahara. Fllg. 105 mm.,

Handschwingen werden gerade vermausert, grosse weisse Kopfplatte

ganz weiss, :

3. 3d juv. Haond-Sita, wie voriger am 30. vi. Fig. 100 mm., Kopfplatte

schwarz, auf beiden iiusseren Steuerfedern kleine schwarze Flecke.

Ansserdem wurden in derselben Gegend noch einige Exemplare geschossen

aber verloren, da jeder Vogel, der nur noch eine Spur von Leben fiihlt, sich mit

grossem Geschick zwischen Steinen oder in Léchern so zu verkriechen weiss, dass

man ihn nicht wiederfindet,

(180 )

39. Pratincola (Saxicola) rubetra spatzi Erl.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 519.

Es konnten folgende Stiicke gesammelt werden :

3 34, 23.iv., Biskra.

2,5, v., Ngoussa.

3,9. v., Ouargla.

29, 15-22. v., Ouargla.

Alle Vigel méchte ich auf Grund ihrer hellen Farbung zur Form “ spatzi ”

ziehen. Ich glaube, dass es sich um durchziehende Giste, nicht um Brutvégel

handelt, da Anfangs mehr dd, zuletzt mehr ? ? festgestellt wurden. Im ganzen

war der Wiesenschmiitzer nicht hiinfig.

40. Hirundo (Chelidon) rustica rustica L.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 521.

Die in den Atlaslindern briitende Rauchschwalbe ist bisher nicht abgetrennt

worden, weil es nicht feststeht, ob sie konstant in den Massen kleiner ist als die

europiische. Meine 3 Exemplare, % 30.iv. Touggourt, dd 17-19. v. Ouargla,

haben das Fliigelmass von 120, 122, 123 mm.

Interessant ist, dass von den bei Onargla geschossenen dd das eine reinweisse,

das andere briiunlich iiberlaufene Unterseite zeigt und sich damit dem Fiarbungs-

charakter von “savignyi” aus Egypten niihert. In meiner Sammlung besitze ich

iibrigens mehrere Sommer- (also woh! Brut-) Végel aus Nord-Tunesien mit

gleichtalls lebhaft gefiirbter Unterseite.

41. Chelidon (Hirundo) urbica urbica (L.).

Bei Ouargla sammelte Spatz 7 dd, 2 22 vom 14-19.v. Alle zeigen grosse

Fliigelmasse, 108—114 mm., sind also typische wrhica und keine meridionalis mit

98—106 mm. Dr. Hartert hatte die Liebenswiirdigkeit, die Serie zu untersuchen,

und konnte meinen Befund bestiitigen. Dies ist um so interessanter, als er selbst

nach dem Wortlaut seiner Veriffentlichung in den Friihjahrsmonaten anscheinend

uur meridionalis gefunden hat. Ich vermute nach Analogie anderer Arten,

z. B. Saxicola oenanthe, dass diese so spiit durchwandernden Mehlschwalben eine

weit im Norden liegende Brutheimat haben diirften, vielleicht ganz hoch hinauf

im schwedischen Lappland, wo ich Ende Juni 1912 an den wenigen Blockhiusern

einer finnischen Ansiedlung am Torne Triisk-See iiber 100 Brutpaare konstatierte.

42. Riparia riparia riparia (L.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 522.

Die nach Hartert im Mirz und April haufig durchziehende Uferschwalbe wurde

auch noch am 16-17. v., bei Ouargla gesammelt (dd). Beides sind typische

riparia wit grossem Fliigelmass ; 106, 108 mm., nicht etwa littoralis aus Egypten,

deren Fliigel nur 90-97 mm. messen,

43. Apus murinus brehmorum Hart.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 523.

Der fahle Segler wurde von Hartert als Brutvogel in Nord-Algerien fest-

gestellt, im Siiden aber fiir einen Durchziigler gehalten. Nach Spatz’neuesten

ZAMS)

Beobachtungen briitet er jedoch so gut wie sicher noch weit im Siiden bereits in

der eigentlichen Wiiste und zwar recht zahlreich. Zuniichst muss der Gara Krima

siidlich Ouargla als beliebter Brutplatz gelten, dort beobachtete Spatz am 10, v.

eine Reihe von Piirchen, welche sich jagten und hiufig in die Felsspalten schliipften.

Er sammelte dabei 2 3,3 22 mit stark entwickelten Genitalien. Kurz daranf,

vom 14-21. y., sah er tiiglich an lichten Stellen der Oase Ouargla eine Menge Segler

zu bestimmten Tagesstunden kreisen, und zwar erschienen sie recht piinktlich

Nachmittags zwischen 4 und 5 Uhr. Genan die entsprechende Beobachtung habe

ich Mitte April 1911 bei Firan im Sinai gemacht, auch dort erschienen die in den

umliegenden Felshiingen wohl sicher briitenden Segler stets Nachmittags zur

selben Stunde und kreisten einige Zeit am Rande der Oase (J. f. O. 1912, p. 359).

Wiihrend des Mai wurden bei Ouargla noch 4 dd, 5 ? 2 erbentet.

Alle diese Bewohner der Wiiste vermag ich in ihrem Ausseren absolat nicht von

einer grésseren Suite in meiner Sammlung zu unterscheiden, welche fern vom

Norden aus der Stadt Tunis stammt.

44. Caprimulgus aegyptius saharae Hrl.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 524.

Nur am friihen Morgen des 18. vii, bei Bled-el-Ahmar sah Spatz ein

Exemplar, das auf wenige Meter an ihm vorbeistrich, sodass er es dentlich erkannte.

Spiter um Ende Juli und Anfang August beobachtete er bei Biskra hiufiger

Ziegenmelker wiihrend der Abenddimmerung, doch war die Entfernung zu gross,

um sie genan ansprechen zu kinnen, und schiessen darfte man dort nicht.

45, Merops apiaster (L.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 524.

Der gemeine Bienenfresser erscheint auf dem Friihjahrszuge ziemlich spit,

noch am 21. iy. wurde ein Flug beobachtet, welcher in betriichtlicher Héhe ttber

Biskra wegstrich.

46. Merops persicus chrysocercus Cab. Heine.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool, p. 524.

Wegen systematischer und nomenklatorischer Fragen verweise ich auf

Rothschild und Hartert, die auf Tafel ix. auch eine schine Abbildung der Formen

persicus wnd chrysocercus (saharae Neum.) bringen.

Yom grossen griinen Bienenfresser wurden 2 dd, 2 2%, am 25.iv. etwa

25 Kim. nérdlich Touggourt an der Strasse gesammelt, wo sie anf den Telegrafen-

drithten sich herumtrieben. Anscheinend befanden sich die Végel auf dem Zuge.

Weiter siidlich wurde keiner mehr gesehen.

47. Upupa epops epops lL.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 525.

Hartert hat in seinen Arbeiten (V. d. p. F’. p. 867. und Nov. Zool, 1912) den

Namen “pallida Er.” fiir nordafrikanische Vogel wieder eingezogen, eine Mass-

nahme, welche ich schon J. /. O. 1909, p. nee bei Besprechung meiner tunesischen

Ausbeute empfohlen hatte.

( 182 )

In den Oasen der algerischen Wiiste war im Mai bis Juli der Wiedehopf

keine ganz seltene Erscheinung, er diirfte dort vereinzelt briiten. Kin d ad. warde

am 9. y. in Onargla gesammelt.

48. Bubo bubo desertorum Hrl.

Vergl. Rothschild und Hartert, Nov, Zool. p, 527, sub B. b. ascalaphus,

Es gehért Glick dazu, um diesen im Siiden offenbar besonders lokal anf-

tretenden Vogel anzntreffen. Das beweist schon der Umstand, dass es zwei so

erfahrenen und umsichtigen Sammlern wie Hartert und Hilgert nicht gelungen ist,

das Gliick lisst sich eben nicht zwingen! Spatz fand am 10. vy. am Berge Gara

Krima 12 KIm. siidlich Ouargla ein Nest mit 2 eben fliiggen Jungen. Eins davon

wurde gefangen, das andre entkam, da Spatz es nicht schiessen wollte und der

Vogel in dem sehr uniibersichtlichen Gelinde schliesslich doch trotz seines geringen

Flugvermégens sich zn salvieren wusste. Am 27.v. warden beim Absuchen

kleiner Steinhiigel unfern von Hassi Medjira 2 ziemlich erwachsene Junge hoch-

gemacht, von denen aber gleichfalls nur eins erlegt werden konnte. Es befindet

sich jetzt in meiner Sammlung, das lebende Stiick ist in Ouargla wiihrend Spatz’

Abwesenheit im Siiden leider an mangelnder Pflege eingegangen und natiirlich

dann auch nicht als Balg erhalten worden.

Ich besitze noch 2 Vigel ad. aus den Bergen bei Gafsa, und glaube bis anf

weiteres noch an die Berechtigung der von Erlanger benannten Wiistenform.

49, Scops (Otus) scops scops (L.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov, Zool. p. 530.

Rothschild und Hartert zogen die Form 0. s. erlangeri Tschusi wieder ein, ich

vermag die Frage nicht nachzupriifen, doch muss ich mich zunachst dieser Auffassang

anschliessen im Vertranen auf das verhiiltnismiissig reichhaltige Material, welches

den Autoren yorgelegen und zur Bildung ihres Urteils gefiihrt hat. Wenn Hartert

ferner als Genusnamen “ Ofvs” wieder einfiihrt, so wage ich keinen Moment an der

formellen Berechtigung auf Grund der jetzt noch bestehenden Regeln zu zweifeln,

behalte aber daneben doch noch den alten Namen bei, um Verwechselangen

miglichst zu vermeiden, wie ich es auch sonst oft getan habe z. B. bei “ Saxicola.”

Das mir vorliegende Stiick, d 17. vii. Bled-el-Ahmar, ist kein ganz junges,

muss aber nach dem Termin der Erlegung als Brutvogel der Gegend angesprochen

werden. Die Oberseite ist auffallend dureh den fast rein granen Grondton ohne

Beimischung von gelb oder rostbraun. Die bei Gabés frither von Spatz gesam-

melten Stiicke des Berliner Museums zeigen hierin den denkbar gréssten Gegen-

satz dazu, ihre Oberseite ist sehr stark mit sandfarbenen und rostgelblichen

Ténen vermischt. Am meisten gleicht mein Exemplar in der Oberseite einem

Balg des B. M. aus Rumiinien, doch ist dies ein junger Vogel, wie die Zeichnung

der Unterseite sofort beweist, die Ahnlichkeit also, wenn man so sagen darf, eine

“gufillige.” Jedenfalls ist dies ein neuer Beweis dafiir, dass die Frage der

lokalen Formen bei der Zwergohreule mit zu den allerschwierigsten gehért.

Wohl in allen Oasen des Siidens hirt man im Lanfe schéner Niichte den

Glockenraf dieser niedlichen Eule erschallen, doch ist es dann meist za dunkel, um —

sie in den Palmenkronen zu erkennen. Bei Tage aber findet man den kleinen

grauen Federklumpen, der unbeweglich dicht an den Stamm gepresst sitzt, nur

durch einen besonders gliicklichen Zufall.

( 183 )

50. Vultur monachus L.

Die erste Kunde von einem grossen braunen Geier, der im Innern der Wiiste

anf Striinchern horstet, brachte Spatz von seiner Tour in die Tunesische Sahara

1898. Als handgreiflichen Beweis konnte er 4 Gelege & 1 Ei vom. 7-20. iii. 98

vorlegen, welche sich heute in der Coll. y. Erlanger befinden (Cat. Hilgert, p. 509).

Ein vom eingeborenen Jiiger erlegter Vogel war leider verdorben. Die Horste

waren so gross, dass zwei schmiichtige Hingeborene zusammen darin Platz hatten,

und warden gleichzeitig vom Passer simplex saharae bewohnt: sie standen auf

starken Dornbiischen in den Tiilern zwischen hohen Sanddiinen.

Auf seiner letzten Reise fand Spatz leider keine Horste, dieselben wiren so spiit

im Jahre auch vielleicht schon verlassen gewesen. Hinen alten Vogel sah er

Anfang Juni auf den Diinen bei Ain Taiba, konnte aber leider nicht zu Schuss

kommen. Hine Verwechselung mit einer gemeineren Art, etwa einem jungen

Neophron, ist positiv ausgeschlossen. Hoffentlich gelingt es demniichst, dieses

mysteriésen Wiistengeiers endlich in persona habhaft zu werden !

51. Buteo ferox cirtensis Lev.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 535.

Mit systematischen Fragen brauche ich mich nach Harterts ansfiihrlichen

Darlegungen nicht mehr anfzuhalten, ich bin heute, wie schon seit Jahren, in

bezug auf die Buteo-Gruppen vollkommen seiner Ansicht.

Der Wiistenbussard geht als Brutyogel tief hinein in die Sahara, einen fast

fliiggen jungen Vogel brachten die Hingeborenen in Ouargla Mitte Mai lebend,

leider ging er mit dem jungen Uhu zusammen ein, wiihrend Spatz im Siiden bei

Ain Taiba weilte.

52. Circaetus gallicus Gm.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 537.

In der Wiiste siidlich Biskra gehért der Schlangenadler zu den selteneren

Erscheinungen, Spatz konnte ein ? ad. untersuchen, welches Tonristen bei

MWraier zwischen Biskra und Tonggourt erlegt hatten, Auf derselben Strecke sah

er ein lebendes Exemplar anf einer Telegrafenstange nahe einer Wasserstelle

blocken,

53. Milvus korschun korschun (Gm.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 536.

Obengenannte Autoren yereinigten den brannen Milan der Atlasliinder wieder

mit der europiiischen Form, ziehen also “7eichenowi Bri.” ein.

Der Vogel ist weit verbreitet vom Norden der Atlasliinder bis zn den Oasen

des Siidens, selbst bei Ain Tatba mitten in den grossen Sanddiinen sah Spatz noch

ein Exemplar.

54. Cerchneis tinnuncula tinnuncula (L.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 538: Falco tinnunculus.

Bei der grossen Neigung zu individueller Variation ist die Frage immer noch

olfen, ob der nordafrikanische Turmfalke eine unterscheidbare Form bildet. Hr

kommt auch im Sommer noch sehr weit im Siiden vor, wie ? ad. vom 5, vi. Ain

Taiba beweist. Die Viirbung dieses Stiickes ist ziemlich blass, doch besitze ich

ihnlich gefiirbte Vogel aus fast allen Gegenden, wo ich lingere Suiten sammeln

konnte,

(184 )

55. Falco biarmicus erlangeri KIschdt.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 538.

Dieser Edelfalke scheint in der eigentlichen Wiiste seltener zu sein als in den

Wiinden des Atlas oder an der Kiiste von Tunesien bezw. Marokkos. Spatz

beobachtete nur bei Ain Taiba einen alten Vogel zn Anfang Juni; wenige Tage

spiiter am 18. vi. erhielt er bei Hassi Tebonb ein Junges lebend, das leider anf

dem Riickmarsche infolge iibergrosser Hitze kurz yor Toresschluss einging.

56. Ardetta minuta (L.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 543,

In der Oase Chott, einer sehr wasserreichen Anlage neueren Datums dstlich

Onargla, warden am 20, vy. d d gesammelt, am 22. v. kam in Ouargla noch %

hinzu. Schon Loche (Hist. nat. Ois. 1867. ii. p. 139) und v. Erlanger (J. f. O.

1900 p. 39) stellten die Zwerg-Rohrdommel als Brntvogel in den Oasen der Atlas-

linder fest, vy. Erlanger sogar an 3 Stellen: Gafsa, Nefta, Tozenr. Ich selbst

sammelte einen Vogel ad. im Mai 1905 (.7.,f. 0. 1909 p. 284) dicht bei Gabés, wo

er gleichfalls briiten diirfte. Nach den Ende Mai gesammelten Stiieken ist mit

hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit anzunchmen, dass das Brutgebiet sich siidwiirts bis

Ouargla erstreckt.

57. Phoenicopterus roseus Pall.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 541.

Der Flamingo schreckt nicht vor gelegentlichen Ausfliigen in die eigentliche

Wiiste zuriick. Schon Rothschild und Hartert fanden ihn bei Tamerna zwischen

Biskra und Touggourt, Spatz bekam noch in Touggourt einen alten Vogel in die

Hand, welchem die Telegrafenleitung dort zam Verhiingnis geworden war.

58. Turtur (Streptopelia) turtur arenicola Hart.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p- 543,

Die Autoren weisen hier in den Nov. Zool. nochmals anf die Unterschiede

hin, welche 7. ¢. arenicola als gute Form charakterisieren, trotz aller individuellen

Variabilitit.

Als Brutvogel hat sie anscheinend eine sehr weite Verbreitung von Persien

bis zu den Atlasliindern, hier briitet sie nach Rothschild und Hartert vom

iiussersten Norden bis zu den Oasen tief in der Witste (Ghardaia), Ich besitze

aus dem Siiden folgende Suite :

? ad. Bled-el-Ahmar, 1. v.

4466,4 $$ ad. Ouargla, 8-16. v.

2 ad., 2 juv. Ouargla, 8. vii.

3 ad. Ouargla, 10. vii.

3d ? juv. Bled-el-Ahmar, 17. vii.

Besonders in der Oase Ouargla ist die Turteltanbe ein recht hinfiger Brutvogel,

doch schreitet sie dort offenbar spiiter im Jahre zur Fortpflanzung als die neben

ihr vorkommende 7. senegalensis wegyptiacus. Im Mai fand Spatz trotaz besonderér

Anfmerksamkeit noch keine fliiggen Jongen, selbst die im Juli gesammelten juy,

sind z, T, noch nicht ausgewachsen,

( 185 )

59. Turtur (Streptopelia) senegalensis aegyptiacus Lath.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 543.

Im Gegensatz zur vorigen kommt diese Taube nur siidlich des Atlasses vor,

dort aber in den Oasen der Wiiste als recht hiiufiger Standvogel. Ich besitze ans

Onargla 5 dd, 2 $2 ad. vom 9-21, v. sowie 3 juy. 9. v., dann aus dem Juli noch

246,2 2? ad. und 2 dG jay.

Diese Art briitet frither als die vorige: Hartert fand schon Hier im Miirz—

April, flugbare Junge im April, im Mai sah Spatz vollkommen erwachsene Junge.

60. Pterocles arenarius Pall.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 543.

Dieses Flughuhn diirfte nicht weit in die Wiiste vordringen. Anfang August

ethielt Spatz ans der Umgebung von Biskra ein knapp halbwiichsiges Junges, das

er einige Tage lebend hielt, bis es einging und fiir mich gebalet wurde. Beobach-

tungen yon siidlicheren Punkten liegen nicht vor.

61. Pterocles alchata alchata (L.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov, Zvol. p. 544.

Ahnlich wie bei arenarius ist die Heimat dieses Flughuhns nicht in der echten

Sandwiiste zn suchen, wenn es auch an geeigneten Stellen siidlich des Atlas nicht

selten zu sein scheint. In Biskra erhielt Spatz im August ein lebendes Junges,

welches bis heute im Berliner Zoo sich besten Wohlseins erfrent.

62. Pterocles coronatus Licht.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 544, bei P. s. senegallus.

Hartert hat diese Art, die nach y. Erlanger am meisten siidlich in den

Atlaslaindern vordringt (vgl. J. 7. O. 1900 p. 31-4), nur bei M’rair und

Ghardaia gesehen bezw. an der Stimme erkannt, jedoch nicht erlegt. An der

Oase Chott beobachtete Spatz fast tiglich im Mai wie im Juli kleine Fliige,

doch fielen die scheuen Vogel leider nie am Wasser ein, weil dort stets gearbeitet.

wurde. Spatz kennt den verschiedenartig klingenden Lockton der nordafrikanischen

Pterocliden aus langjihriger Erfahrung wie wenige andere Huropiier und versichert,

dass an dieser Stelle ausschliesslich P, coronatus erschien, dieses aber regelmiissig.

63, Caccabis petrosa spatzi Rchw.

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 544.

Dies Huhn ist nicht eigentlich ein Wiistenbewohner, soweit die sandigen

Regionen in Frage kommen, doch fand Koenig es auf dem steinigen Platean des

M’zab noch ziemlich weit siidlich am Oned N’ca. Spatz brachte 2 schon gut

entwickelte Junge, welche er Anfang August in Biskra bekam, dem Berliner Zoo

mit, wo sie sich anscheinend durchaus wohl befinden.

64. Cursorius gallicus gallicus (Gm.).

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool, p. 548,

Der Wiistenliufer wurde auf der ganzen Strecke Biskra—Touggourt—Onargla

fast tiiglich beobachtet, hingegen scheint er siidlich von Ouargla im Gebiet der

hohen Diinen nicht mehr oder doch nur ganz vereinzelt yorzukommen,

( 186 )

65. Machetes pugnax (L.),

Rothschild und Hartert, Nov. Zool. p. 549.

Es wurde d am 22. v. in der Oase Ouargla an einem seichten Wassergraben

erlegt. Das Stiick ist noch nicht fertig mit der Anlegung seines bnnten Sommer-

kleides, nur vereinzelt finden sich schwarze und violet gliinzende Federchen an

den Hals- bezw. Kropfseiten als Anfang des Kragens. Gerade der Kampfliiufer

scheint sich auf dem Friihjahrszuge gern Zeit zu lassen, ich erlegte anch in.

Tunesien noch ein 2 ad. am 11. vy. 1905 (vgl. Jf. O. 1909 p. 313),

Ausser diesen beiden Vigeln wurden von den so artenreichen Familien der

Schnepfen und Regenpfeifer keine weiteren Vertreter zweifellos festgestellt.

Spatz glaubt, noch Tiingoides hypoleucus bei Ouargla gesehen zu haben. Bei

Vergleich mit den vielen Arten, welche Hartert und Hilgert im Miirz—April fanden,

veweist dieser Befund, dass es sich hierbei fast durchweg um Dnrehziigler handelt.

Selbst Charadrius alexandrinus und dubius, von denen letzterer sicher, ersterer

wahrscheinlich schon unfern des Wiistenrandes briitet, wurden wiihrend des

Sommers im Innern der Sahara von Spatz nicht gefanden. :

Meine Liste ist zn Ende. Bei der Kiirze des Aufsatzes ist eine Rekapitnlation

der gemachten Beobachtungen jetzt am Schlusse wohl iiberfliissig. Nur anf einen

Punkt méchte ich nochmals recht dentlich hinweisen : Es ist an einer grossen Zahl

von Fiillen nachgewiesen, dass einzelne weder kranke, noch besonders junge

Exemplare unserer heimischen, europiiischen Vogelarten noch spiit im Frithjahr

oder selbst im Sommer in der Sahara zu finden sind. Es ist also nicht eine

Ausnahme sondern Regel, dass einzelue europiiische Brutvégel noch wiihrend

der normalen Brutzeit sich in Nordafrika anfhalten, sei es als sehr verspiitete

Durehziigler, sei es als dort bleibende Sommergiiste. Mir erscheint fast sicher,

dass ein grosser Teil dieser Spiitlinge, obgleich kérperlich gesund, in dem

betreffenden Jahre nicht zur Brut schreitet. Es ist dies ein neuer Beweis fiir

die Richtigkeit meiner Theorie, welche ich seit Jahren verfechte (J. /. O. 1908

p. 480, und Intern. Ornith. Kongress Berlin 1910), dass ein weit grésserer Teil der

erwachsenen und gesunden Vogelwelt als man bisher anzunehmen geneigt war

ans den verschiedensten iinsseren Griinden gelegentlich ein Jahr nicht zar Brat

schreitet,

( 187 )

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW COLIAS AND SOME

AFRICAN SYNTOMIDAE.

By WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F-.R.S., Pu.D.

Colias mossi sp. nov.

This is a most extraordinary discovery, as the species is unlike any other

American Colias. It is hardly distinguishable above from Colias cocandica

tamerlana Stdgr., though abundantly distinct below.

3. Antennae chocolate-brown tinged with rose-colour ; head and thorax pale

olive-green, hinder half of thorax with a mixture of long white hairs; abdomen

pale olive-green, basal third clothed with white hairs. Forewing olive-black,

basal two-thirds strongly and densely clothed with pale olive-green scales ; stigma

black, base of costa rose, fringe whitish green, a submarginal row of pale olive-

green oblong streaks. Hindwing olive-black powdered with pale olive-green

scales ; abdominal area, fringe, and submarginal streaks pale yellowish green ;

stigma yellowish.

Underside: forewing bluish grey, slightly powdered with apple-green scales,

apical fourth apple-green ; hindwing apple-green washed with verdigris-green,

stigma white.

Length of forewing: 24 mm.

Hab. 1 3, San Marco, Peru, 3200 metres=12,480 ft., November 22, 1900,

rainy season (Simons), type; 1 ¢, Oroya railway, Peru (Rev. A. M. Moss).

Colias euxanthe alticola ?-ab. virescens ab. nov.

2. Olive-black, densely clothed with pale olive-green scales and hairs.

Hab. Tivapata, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 12,700 ft., January—February 1901

(G. R. Ockenden).

This aberration resembles xastes in colour. All intergradations between

virescens and normal white or orange ¢? were taken by Mr. Ockenden.

SYNTOMIDAE.

Metarctia postrosea sp. nov.

3%. Differs from lutea Holl. in the more buff ground of forewings and in

the intra-neural spaces being mostly filled up with chocolate-grey. Hindwing

pale carmine, not orange-bnff. Body and antennae orange-buff, not ochraceous

orange,

Length of forewing: ¢ 155 mm. ; ? 19 mm.

Hab. Near Lagos, Oni Camp, April 25, 1912 (W. A. Lamborn). Type, é.

Metarctia aurantiifusca sp. noy.

%. Allied to flaviceps Hmps.

Ground colour ochraceous golden orange; nervures of both wings, fringes,

and some intra-neural spaces fuscous sooty black.

Length of forewing : 18 mm.

Hab, Lagos, March 5, 1912 (W. A. Lamborn).

( 188 )

Apisa lamborni sp. nov.

3. Entirely purplish sooty black with four semihyaline whitish spots on

forewing, one on hindwing.

Length of forewing : 12 mm.

Hab, Lagos, March 15, 1912 (W. A, Lamborn),

SOME NOTES ON THE GENERA ZAGLOSSUS AND

TACHYGLOSSUS.

By tar Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Pu.D., F.R.S.

HEN I wrote the short note on Zaglossus in The Field, December 1912,

I had not read Mr. Glover Allan’s article in the Harvard College

Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology vol. xl, No. 5, though Mr,

Oldfield Thomas had informed me of its main contentions. Now having studied it

carefully, I find that, though my note in The Field requires much explanation and

amplification, I cannot agree with Mr, Allan’s conclusions that the differences of

pelage and spines are due solely to age and season, and are not racial.

In these notes I shall deal entirely with external characters and distribution,

leaving a comparative anatomical description till we have fresh or aleoholic material

of each form for comparison.

When in 1885 Mr. Oldfield Thomas published his exhaustive review of Echidna

(P.Z.S. 1885, pp. 329-39), modern methods of Systematic work had not generally

been applied to the Mammalia, and I am sure that he would be the first to

acknowledge that we have progressed far beyond the standpoint adopted by him

in that article.

In 1905, indueed by Dr. K. Toldt’s paper published in Vienna (Vers. K.K.

Zoologisch-bot. Gesellschaft 1905, pp. 5-11) I gave a review of Zaglossus; but

since then, apart from Mr, Allan’s paper, we have learnt much, and the

culminating point has been reached by the arrival in Europe of eight living

Zaglossus, all from a single locality. Before going into the question of the

various races of Zaglossvs a summary of the external characters of the specimens

at Harvard which led Mr. Allan to his conclusions are given. A specimen

from Mount Arfak (in spirit) is dark brown, deepening on back, spines black with

white tips large, fur thick and woolly. Two from Fak Fak : (1) very old, spines

mostly white, but a few grey, very flat, hair and spines thinly scattered, colour pale

buffy on head, rest blackish brown ; (2) spines large, stout, white, and thickly set,

hair thick, coarse brown. ‘lwo from Sorong, hair long, thick, coal-black with

paler bases, spines dark horn to black. One from Arfak, pelage thick and woolly,

spines short. From these facts, at first sight, Mr. Allan’s statement that his

eight specimens prove that these differences are due to age, season, and possibly

sex, would be accepted; but I think the facts that I am bringing forward will

tend to disprove it. :

However elementary it may appear, I would like to remind my readers that

there are numerous degrees of variation, for, while in one species of animal the

( 189 )

local races are well defined, and only overlap at the junctures of their areas of

distribution, other creatures in certain portions of their range have developed

into races which are clearly defined, while in other portions of their area the factors

determining variation seem to be of an indeterminate character, and consequently

we find individuals representing all the forms as well as some with mixed

characters occurring in one and the same locality ; so that we find a subspecies

or local race occurring as such in one place, while in another it occurs only as

an aberration.

Of My. Allan’s specimens the Fak Fak ones were bought from natives by the

collector, and have an element of doubt as to the place of origin. Sorong is on

the south-west portion of Arfak Peninsula, and would be most likely to have more

in common with the fauna of the Onin Peninsula, MacCluer’s Inlet, etc., than

with the fauna of the somewhat isolated Mount Arfak. The first fact I have to

bring forward in refutation of Mr. Allan’s statements is that we now know of five

recent specimens from east of the Fly River, three from German and two from

British New Guinea, and they are all identical and are undoubtedly Zaglossus

bruijni barton’ Thos. On the other hand, the eight living specimens from

Kaimana, Charles Louis Mountains, consist of two specimens agreeing with

Z. b. bartoni, two or three agreeing with Z 4. nigroaculeata Rothsch., and the

rest being intermediate. This, however, is not wonderful, because although I

originally gave the locality of my type of 7 6. nigroaculeata as Charles Louis

Mountains, I never had definite proof beyond a live-stock dealer’s word, and I

have from other evidence reason to believe it came from near Sorong. ' If this were

so, Kaimana would be on the border-line between the areas of Z. b. nigroaculeata

and Z. 6. bartoni. If the Fak Fak specimens are really from there, we should

again have specimens intergrading on the one hand with Z. b. drudjni and on the

other with 7. 4. nigroaculeata and Z. b. goodfellowi of Salwatty, and this in an

intermediate area. The only difficulty which in my mind could arise concerns

Z. b. bruijni and Z. b. villosissima, for we undoubtedly find specimens which have

come from Mount Arfak and yet have the extra thick fur and shorter spines

which are characteristic of villosissima. However, the fact remains that the

three more recent specimens of rillosissima at Tring are all pale brown—almost

cinnamon—all over, with whitish heads, while all the Arfak specimens have the

dark, blackish brown fur and paler brown heads characteristic of 27. b. bruijni.

The above-mentioned three villosiss’ma were sent over in the last collection

received from A. Bruijn, which I bought in 1890 or 1891. In this collection

were large numbers of birds and mammals from the islands in, and shores of,

Geelvink Bay, and I have little reason to doubt that these three Zaglossus were

also collected by Bruijn’s hunters somewhere on the eastern shores of Geelvink

Bay. ‘The specimens at Tring of Z. b. nigroaculeata consist of the very large

and aged type specimen, a fair-sized one apparently adult, and a young one about

three-fifths of the size of the type—i.e. about the size of Vachyglossus aculeata

lawesi. The small one has the black, flat spines and sparse, long, coal-black hair

of the type, thus proving that the nature of the pelage is not a question of age.

At ‘lring there are three Z. b. goodfellowi, and also two Z. b. bartoni from

German New Guinea, and I have examined these, the two from Kaimana now alive

in the London Zoological Gardens, as well as a young Kaimana specimen which

was sent me in the flesh, The two living animals are fully adult, and very large,

the bigger one measuring from tip of tail over curve of back to tip of snout more

(190 )

than 1000 mm. ; they have sparse black hair and white spines, while the young

one has black spines. I think it may turn ont that in all the races the one sex has

thicker, more woolly fur than the other; but although we know now of about

fifty or sixty specimens, we have not got sufficient specimens sexed in the flesh and

with sufficient other data to decide this question.

Finally, although none of my Z. b. goodfellowi are black-haired, but seal-

brown, and also differ inter se in that the one has the head paler than the back,

while the two others have the head and back uniform, they agree with the type

in being strongly spined on the belly. The difference from the type in colour

is either sexual or these specimens are from a different locality. Mr. Allan states

that the type of goodfellowi was obtained from natives, while Mr. Thomas expressly

states that it and a second one were got by Mr. Goodfellow himself on the island

and kept alive for some months.

The following are the specimens available for examination in England, as far

as I know:

Zaglossus bruijni bruijni Peters and Doria.

1 adult ? skin . 4 : : 2 . . . British Museum.

1 ,, o& stuffed and akelebal ‘ : : : : 5 is -

Lyacee So SLUed ) an, : , , ; : : . Tring J

1 young d skin ; 2 ¢ ‘ ; : : : 3 *

Zaglossus bruijni bartoni Thos.

1 adult ¥ type skin . ‘ : . British Museum,

2 , 6 d;1 skin, 1 staffed, and skeleton : : . Tring i

Zaglossus bruijni villosissima Dubois.

1 adult d stuffed : ; : ‘ . : . Tring Museum,

2 ,, o skins : ; : ; : : : ; ” »

Zaglossus bruijni goodfellowi Thos.

1 adult 2 type skin . : , : : , : . British Museum.

1s Rees ae 4 ; ; : . Tring ;,

2 4, od skins and skeletons : ; * ee .s

Ui Nesyvois, eegecs : : : . either Mr. Goodfellow or Mrs. Johnston.

Zaglossus bruijni nigroaculeata Rothsch,

1 adult ¢ type stuffed, skeleton and soft ged : . Tring Museum,

1 fere adult 2 skin . : : ; ; E se i.

1 young @ skin ‘ : 5 ; : : : . 4 5

In addition to these there is a young male from Kaimana mounted in the Tring

Museum, which is very similar to the young ¢ of nigroaculeata, but has white

spines, and two very old specimens (¢ ) from the same place living in the London

Zoological Gardens with white spines. These three are more or less intermediate

between bartoni and nigroaculeata, which is accounted for by the locality.

The following key to the forms will, I think, help to unravel the confusion ;

Pelage thick, short and woolly: 2

| Pelags sparse, longer, more hair-like and harsh ; 4,

(191 )

g {Colour of head paler than body : 3.

“| Colour of head uniform with body : Z. bruijni barton’. Hast of the Fly River.

34Pelage pale brown: 7. druijni villosissima. ast shores of Geelvink Bay and

North Coast.

Hntirely black, spines large, flat, black, grey, or black or grey with white tips ;

a few long thin spines sometimes on lower flanks: 7%. bruijni nigroaculeata.

4 Sorong, McCluer’s Inlet, aud Onin Peninsula.

Blackish to seal-brown, head somewhat paler, spines large, white and extending

on to belly and chest: 7. bruijni goodfellowi. Salwatty Island,

frase seal-brown to deep brown: Z. bruijné brugjni. Mount Arfak.

I think that, from the evidence at present available, we are justified, in opposi-

tion to Mr, Allan, in concluding that there are five forms of Zaglossus bruijni, each

confined to a more or less definite geographical area: but that in the lower north-

western portions of the Arfak Peninsula and the foot-hills west of the Fly River

the species is still in an unfixed state and that specimens are found there resembling

one or the other of the five subspecies as well as all sorts of intergradations. I

cannot, however, see why this should invalidate the five forms, which as far as

we know occur locally over considerable separated areas.

In the same way I consider that, although in some small areas in Australia we

find a mixed race of Tachyglossus, there are at least three good localised subspecies

of Tachyglossus aculeata in addition to T. a. lawest of New Guinea and 7. a. setosa

of Tasmania. When careful comparisons have been made, I even believe that we

shall find that the specimens from South-west and North-west Australia and Cape

York are also distinct.

I append a key of the five described races.

oe thick, woolly, and pale cinnamon-brown, spines short, almost hidden, third

claw stout and long: 7. aculeata setosa Tasmania.

Sle ciiee sparser, more hair-like, dark brown or yellowish, third claw small :

eee thicker, spines medium very thick black-brown or grey and white:

T. aculeata aculeata New South Wales and South Queensland.

Pelage thinner or almost absent except on belly: 3.

Size small, spines long and dense, white marked with brown or grey, hair

brown : 7 aculeata lawesi S.E. New Guinea,

Size large :

Pelage almost absent except on belly, brown, spines long, thick and dense,

white with brown markings or black with white tips: 7. acuwleata acanthion,

Northern Territory of South Australia.

Pelage well developed, long, yellowish, spines long, thin and very dense,

white: 7. aculeata multiaculeata Southernmost South Australia,

(192 )

NEW LITHOSIANAE.

By tue Hoy. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Pu.D., F.R.S.

(Continuation from Vol, XIX, p, 246.)

173. Chionaema postdivisa sp. nov.

%. Head and antennae black; thorax black, tegulae and patagia orange ;

abdomen black—Forewing orange; costal and terminal margins and tornal

half of wing below median fold black. Hindwing: basal half orange, apical half

Vlack narrowing to point on abdominal margin.

Length of forewing : 19 mm,

Hab, Lower Mambare River, British New Guinea, May 1906 (A. 8. Meek).

174. Chionaema bicolor sp. nov.

3. Head and antennae black, thorax dark orange, basal half of tegulae black ;

abdomen black, anal tuft rufous orange. Forewing: basal three-fifths orange,

outer two-fifths black. Hindwing : inner three-fifths orange, outer two-fifths

black, a long black streak in abdominal fold.

Length of forewing : 19 mm.

Hab, German New Guinea.

175. Chionaema basialba sp. nov.

?. Head, antennae, and thorax liver-brown, hind part of thorax and ends

of patagia white; abdomen, basal three segments grey, rest liver-brown, anal tuft

white. Forewing liver-brown; basal quarter white with basal brown spot, a

median white blotch reaching from costa almost across cell, a white spot beyond

on costa, a large white apical blotch and a white subterminal patch from tornus

to vein 3, terminal row of black-brown spots joined by hairline. ——Hiudwing dark

mouse-grey, terminal edge brown, fringe grey.

Length of forewing : 15-5 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., February 1906

(A. 8S. Meek).

176. Chionaema lignaria sp. nov.

é. Head, antennae, thorax and abdomen greyish creamy buff powdered with

brown scales. Forewing greyish cream-buff streakily clouded with brown scaling

giving it the appearance of wood, a stigma-like dot in cell——Hindwing greyish

white washed with rosy grey towards apex.

Length of forewing: 12° mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., February 1906

(A. 8. Meek).

177. Chionaema pyralina sp. nov.

3d. Antennae brown ; head and thorax reddish liver-brown ; abdomen sooty

brown, anal tuft orange-buff. Forewing reddish liver-brown with a purple flush ;

basal two-fifths completely saturated with blackish purple-chocolate, two bands

(193 )

crossing eell, an anchor-like discal mark and a postdiscal band the colour of

base, outer fifth of costa and termen chequered with dark spots. Hindwing

dark grey.

Length of forewing: 12 mm.

Hab. Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Datch New Guinea, 2000—

3000 ft., August 1910 (A. S. Meek).

178. Chionaema pyralina fasciata subsp. nov.

3. Differs from pyr. pyralina by having a white angled stigma on disco-

cellulars and three complete waved transverse blackish purple-chocolate bands

across dise of forewing.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., January 1906

(A. 8S. Meek).

179. Chionaema punctifasciata sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae, thorax and abdomen slate-grey. Forewing sooty

brownish grey with four transverse bands of irregular darker spots edged with

pale grey ; a dull ochre spot in cell. Hindwings brownish mouse-grey.

Length of forewing : 12°5 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, March 1906, 5000 ft.

(A. 8. Meek).

180. Chionaema plagosus sp. nov.

3. Antennae brown; head, thorax and abdomen pale ash-grey, densely

powdered with sooty scales. Forewing : basal third ash-grey, powdered loosely

with sooty scales, an almost obsolete sooty subbasal transverse band, median third

of wing sooty brown-black, powdered sparsely with whitish grey scales, and with

whitish stigma; outer third pale ash-grey, powdered sparsely with dark scales,

a partly interrupted and obliterated dark subterminal band and a terminal row

of dark spots from apex to vein 3.

? larger, forewing dull liver-brown, a large subbasal patch, a costo-cellular

median patch, a small patch on inner margin, and a terminal broad band of

grey. Hindwing brown-grey.

Length of forewing: ¢ 13 mm., ? 16 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1906

(A. 8. Meek).

181. Chionaema nigrescens sp. nov.

3. Antennae, head, and thorax sooty grey-black ; abdomen slate-grey, anal

tuft orange-buff. Forewing sooty slate-grey marbled and spotted with sooty

black ; a large hairy scent-organ on costa, which is white when reverted.

Hindwing: basal half wood-grey with yellowish tinge, outer half sooty grey,

dark stigma.

?. Larger aud with darker hindwings.

Length of forewing: 319 mm,.; ? 21 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1906

(A. 8. Meek).

182. Eurosia albida sp. nov.

%. Antennae yellowish; head and thorax greyish white; abdomen greyish

white, anal tuft whitish buff, Forewing milk-white with a few scattered

(194 )

greyish brown scales, a grey dot beyond cell on costa; apex of wing sharply

truncated. Hindwing pale greyish cream,

Length of forewing: 7 mm.

Hab. Milne Bay, British New Guinea, February 1899 (A. 8. Meek).

183. Chrysallactis bipartita sp. nov.

3. Antennae chocolate-brown ; head golden yellow ; thorax and abdomen dark

chocolate, anal tuft buff. Forewing golden yellow, base and outer quarter rufous

chocolate ; a black line divides the rufous chocolate outer quarter from the yellow

of main portion of wing. Hindwing: semihyaline greyish wood-buff, outer

third darker.

Length of forewing : 12 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., February 1906

(A. 8. Meek).

184. Chrysallactis apiciplaga sp. nov.

3. Antennae brown; head golden yellow; thorax maroon-chestnut washed

with opalescent purple ; tegulae and front of thorax golden yellow ; abdomen

buff, Forewing : basal three-fifths golden yellow, base maroon-chestnut, narrow

black transverse lines enclosing yellow; outer two-fifths of wing opalescent blue —

with two cinnamon spots and a large golden yellow subapical patch, terminal

millimetre of wing dark brown.—Hindwing abruptly truncated pale yellowish

wood-grey washed with buff. |

Length of forewing : 9 mm.

Hab. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek).

185. Chrysallactis niveiceps sp. nov.

3. Antennae rufous; head snow-white; thorax chestnut, tegulae snow-white ;

abdomen cinnamon wood-brown, basal three segments washed with pale grey.

Forewing : basal two-thirds golden yellow, base chestnut, yellow margined

outside by double transverse line, the inside of which is white, outside black ;

outer third chestnut. Hindwing yellowish grey.

Length of forewing: 8°5 mm.

Hab, Haidana, Collingwood Bay, British New Guinea, April 1907 (A. 8,

Meek).

186. Lithoprocis postcaerulescens sp. nov.

g. Antennae black-brown ; head and thorax metallie golden bronze-green ;

abdomen brown-grey washed with metallic green and blue, anal tuft cinnamon-

buff—Forewing metallic golden green margined with opalescent blue——

Hindwing somewhat small and distorted, dark opalescent blue with dark grey

streaks and abdominal area.

? has normal hindwings of dark brown-grey.

Length of forewing: 3 10—11-5 mm.; 2 11 mm.

Hab. La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Pera, September 1904, 3100 ft., dry season ;

Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6500 ft., November 1902; Tinguri, Carabaya, Peru,

3400 ft., dry season, August 1904 (G. R. Ockenden).

Type d. La Oroya,

(195 )

187. Endoliche rufitincta sp. nov.

?, Antennae brownish yellow ; head and thorax white, a buff patch on vertex ;

abdomen basal half white, rest dark buff. Forewing white ; a subbasal patch,

two spots on costa and two on termen rufous cinnamon-orange, whole disc of wing

down to inner margin occupied by large rufous cinnamon-orange patch bordered

irregularly outside with grey and enclosing a white doti Hindwing white

washed with grey.

Length of forewing: 11 mm.

Hab. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, July 1905 (8S. M.

Klages).

188. Endoliche major sp. nov.

?. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen rufous brown-grey variegated with

dull white. Forewing rafous brown-grey variegated with white on basal

quarter of wing, costal area, and below median fold; a white transverse line from

costa to vein 1 one-fifth from termen, whence run some white streaks to termen.

Hindwing semihyaline white.

Length of forewing: 17 mm.

Hab. Rio Hnacamayo, Carabaya, Peru, 3100 ft., June 1904, dry season (G. R.

Ockenden).

189. Dolichaesia lignaria sp. nov.

3. Antennae head and thorax brown-buff; abdomen salmon-rose, anal tuft

brown-buff with a few black hairs. Forewing buff clouded and variegated with

rufous scale patches more band-like in centre: giving wing the appearance of

weather-worn, decayed wood.——Hindwing: basal half rose-crimson, outer half

black.

Length of forewing: 10°5 mm.

Hab. Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, Peru, 3100 ft, June 1904, dry season,

(G. R. Ockenden).

190. Afrida basipunctata sp. nov.

¢. Antennae black with rufous pectinations ; head, thorax and abdomen dark

grey, tegulae and back of thorax white. Forewing basal quarter satiny snow-

white with three black spots, median three-eighths of wing dark grey forming a

broad transverse median band with irregular edges, outer three-eighths white with

three black spots in costal half, termen dark grey running into the wing in a large

wedge-shaped patch, the point of which almost reaches median band, Hindwing

satiny grey-white.

Length of forewing : 13 mm.

Hab, Agnalani, Carabaya, Peru, 9000 ft., September 1905 (G@. R. Ockenden).

191. Afrida fasciata sp. nov.

3. Antennae fuscous; head and thorax white; abdomen greyish wood-

brown, Forewing white ; a baso-subbasal patch on costa running into median

fold black-brown, a broad median, transverse, irregular band black-brown to

median yein, fading from there to inner margin and dark brownish grey, a post-

median transverse band waved and irregular black-brown to yein 7, thence’ te

(196 )

inner margin fading to grey, termen and fringe to above tornus grey——Hindwing

white, stigma and terminal margin grey.

Length of forewing : 13°5 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, Colombia, 3500 metres, February 1910 (A. H. Fassl).

192. Odozana roseiceps sp. uov.

gd. Head pale pink ; antennae black-brown, a fuscous band two-thirds from

base ; thorax black-brown, tegulae and patagia deep rose; abdomen brown clothed

with long, deep rose-coloured hair, anal tuft orange. Forewing black-brown.——

Hindwing: basal half deep rose, outer half black-brown, costal area wood-grey.

Length of forewing: 11°5 mm.

Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, Peru, 6500 ft., November 1902, wet season

(G. R. Ockenden),

193. Odozana bicolor sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae, and thorax purplish sooty grey ; abdomen carmine rose.

Forewing sooty grey. Hindwing sooty grey, abdominal area carmine

rose.

Length of forewing : 11 mm.

Hab, Onaca, Santa Marta, 2200 ft., November 1901, wet season (Bugelke).

194. Odozana purpurascens sp. nov. .

9. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen sooty black washed with purple. ——

Forewing bright purple with coppery shade. Hindwing: basal two-thirds

carmine rose ; outer third black narrowing from apex to tornus, abdominal friuge —

black.

Length of forewing : 10 mm.

Hab. La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Peru, September 1904, 3100 ft., dry season

(G, R. Ockenden).

195. Odozana griseola sp. nov. :

3. Antennae brown; head and thorax ash-grey, hind edge of vertex and tegulae

pale rose; abdomen carmine rose. Forewing silvery ash-grey. Hindwing

carmine rose with broad slate-grey border.

Length of forewing : 9—10 mm.

Hab, Rio Janeiro; San Jacinthe Valley, Theophilo Ottoni, Minas Geraes,

1907-8 (F. Birch).

196. Odozana longistriga sp. nov.

3. Antennae black ; head and thorax mouse-grey, tegulae pale rose ; abdomen

salmon-colour, Forewing mouse-grey, nervures washed with black, forewing

above and below median fold mauve-grey running out to a point on costa four-fifths

from base ; a broad, cream-white stripe along median fold to termen, and inner

margin cream-white.——Hindwing salmon-colour, a black margin from apex to

vein 3, wing strongly excised from vein 3 to tornus.

Length of forewing : 8 mm.

Hab. Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, Pern, 3100 ft., June 1904, dry season

(G. R. Ockenden).

(197)

197. Odozana violaceogriseus sp. nov.

3. Head and thorax violaceous black, antennae intense black ; abdomen wood-

brown. Forewing brownish violet, darker on outer quarter. Hindwing

brownish wood-grey.

Length of forewing : 8 mm.

Hab. Avoewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam; April 1905

(S. M. Klages).

198. Odozana hieroglyphica sp. nov.

¢%. Antennae black ; head and thorax maize-yellow, a black spot at base and

a scarlet spot at apex of patagia; abdomen salmon-red, anal tuft and sides

yellowish. Forewing maize-yellow; a snbbasal transverse band, costal half

black, rest scarlet, double transverse black antemedian lines with space between,

brown-grey in colour, outer antemedian line joined by a black longitudinal line to

the double transverse postmedian zigzag lines below median vein, above this con-

necting line is a scarlet streak, space between postmedian lines brown-grey, outside

postmedian lines two scarlet patches. Hindwing salmon-pink, a sooty spot at

apex.

Length of forewing: 9 mm.

Hab. Paramba, 3500 ft. (W. F. Rosenberg); Chimbo, 1000 ft., July 1897

(W. F. Rosenberg).

Type, Paramba.

199. Odozana germana sp. nov.

?. Closely allied to the previous species. Antennae black ; head and thorax

cream-buff; abdomen pale salmon-red. Forewing cream-buff ; an indistinct sub-

basal black transverse line to median fold, two antemedian transverse black lines

joining and ending on median fold, inner much angled; a subterminal broad

irregular band of black streaks and some short ones on termen above and below

vein 3.— Hindwing pale yellowish salmon-colour.

Length of forewing : 10°5 mm.

flab. La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, Pera, 2000 ft., Jannary 1905, wet

season (G. R, Ockenden).

200. Odozana postrubida sp. nov.

d. Antennae black; head, thorax and abdomen brown-black, washed with oil-

green, anal tuft very large. Forewing: deep violet basal area, a patch on costal

half beyond cell and below vein 1, on basal third of wing oil-green. Hindwing

deep carmine, crimson base and apex black.

Length of forewing : 12°5 mm.

Hab. Chiriqui, Panama.

201. Odozana brunnescens sp. nov.

dé. Head, antennae, thorax and abdomen sooty brown-black. Forewing

greyish liver-brown with purple wash; a broad band beyond middle paler,

Hindwing dark brown-grey.

Length of forewing: 9°5 mm,

Hab. Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, Peru, 3100 ft., June 1904, dry season

(G. R. Ockenden),

(198 )

202. Prepiella rubripuncta sp. nov.

3d. Antennae black ; head and thorax slate-grey washed with violet, tegulae

rufous orange; abdomen orange-buff, anal tuft rofous-buff. Forewing whitish

grey, densely and closely irrorated with slate-grey; a large cream-buff patch

oceupies basal fourth of wing, an hour-glass-shaped median band of cream-buff

with a crimson spot on narrowest part at lower discocellular, upper part of hour-

glass smaller than lower. Hindwing very rough and hairy, with large border of

long stout hairs on abdominal margin, yellowish salmon-colour, a slate spot at

apex. :

? has normal non-hairy hindwings which are crimson.

Length of forewing: ¢ 8 mm.; $ 7°5 mm.

Hab. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, April 1905 (S. M.

Klages) ; Perico, Orinoco, November 1898 (G. K. Cherrie).

Type d.

203. Prepiella strigillata sp. nov.

3d. Antennae black-brown, lamellate; head and thorax yellow; abdomen pale

brick-red, two basal segments and anal tuft ochre-yellow. Forewing yellow,

washed with orange-crimson, more strongly on outer two-thirds ; a median pateh

and a streak along median fold more entirely crimson, a curved transverse black

line one-third from base, and on the enclosed basal one-third of wing a number of

short black streaks, a postmedian strongly zigzag and angulated transverse line

and a subterminal line black, between these lines a number of black streaks, fringe

brown-grey. Hindwing ochre-yellow strongly washed with rose-pink.

% Similar, but forewing less washed with crimson,

Length of forewing: ¢ 75 mm.; 2 85 mm.

Hab, La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, Pera, 2000 ft., November 1904,

wet season (G. R. Ockenden); Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Sarinam,

April 1905 (S. M. Klages).

Type 3.

204. Callisthenia costilobata sp. nov.

3. Antennae brown; head greyish buffy white; thorax and abdomen dark

greyish wood-brown. Forewing dark blackish grey with intranenral buff streaks,

a broad median transverse buff band washed and marked with crimson; costa

bowed out into a broad lobe——Hindwing crimson, outer abdominal margin broad

dark brown.

Length of forewing : 9 mm.

Hab, Rio Colorado, Pern, 2500 ft., August—September 1902 (Watkins).

205, Callisthenia prepielloides prepielloides subsp. nov.

d. Antennae brown; head metallic buff; thorax grey-brown, tegulae and

patagia metallic buff; abdomen pale rufous buff-brown. Torewing pale brown

closely strigillated with darker brown; a large patch below median vein in basal

half of wing and a broad postmedian band pale cream-buff, a crimson spot in middle

of postmedian band. H indwing pale salmon-colour, fringe brown.

? larger, forewings darker.

Length of forewing : ¢ 8 mm.; 2 9:5 mm,

fab, Sio Paulo, South Brazil.

(199 )

206. Callisthenia prepielloides boliviana subsp. nov.

3. Grey on forewing, and has pale rose hindwings with brown margin to

hindwing from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Buenavista, East Bolivia, 750 metres, August 1906—April 1907 (J.

Steinbach).

207. Illice roseofuliginosa sp. nov.

9. Head and antennae sooty black, vertex with two white lines, collar pink ;

thorax sooty black, tegulae cream-white ; abdomen dull rose———Forewing sooty

black with a few whitish hairs; a postmedian white transverse band interrupted

between apex of cell and median fold so as to form, as it were, two patches.

Hindwing, basal two-thirds rose-pink, apical third sooty black, narrowing to

tornns.

Length of forewing : 10 mm.

Hab. La Soledad, Prov. Entre Rios, April 9, 1905 (Miss E. A. Britton).

208. Illice citrina intacta subsp. nov.

&. Differs from citrina citrina in the long black line from postmedian line

along vein 3, and in the complete black margin of hindwing, which reaches tornus

and does not stop at vein 3.

Hab. Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, Peru, 3100 ft., June 1904, dry season (G. R.

Ockenden).

209. [lice bifasciata sp. nov.

?. Antennae black with white band on outer third; head black mixed with

yellow: thorax yellow edged with black ; abdomen dull rufous buff. Forewing

metallic maize-yellow, an ante- and a postmedian band metallic steel-blue.

Hindwing salmon-red, a sooty black spot at apex.

Length of forewing: 10 mm.

Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, Peru, 6000 ft., November 1901, wet season ;

Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 3100 ft., June 1904, dry season (G. R, Ockenden).

Type: Santo Domingo.

210. Illice mediofasciata sp. nov.

?. Antennae black ; head and thorax brownish slate-grey, tegulae orange.

Forewing golden liver-brown ; a median orange-yellow transyerse band. Hind-

wing salmon-crimson bordered with sooty black.

Length of forewing : 10 mm.

Hab. Buenavista, East Bolivia, 750 metres, August 1906—April 1907 (J.

Steinbach).

211. Illice lacteociliata sp. nov.

gd. Antennae dark brown with white band towards tip; head and thorax

greyish liver-brown, tegulae and front of thorax cream-coloured ; abdomen salmon-

colour, anal tuft brown. Forewing greyish liver-brown; a large patch in basal

third below median vein, a broadly interrupted median band, and terminal fringe

cream-colour. Hindwing crimson, a broad soot-black border,

Length of forewing : 6°5 mm,

Hab, Cuenta, Venezuela.

( 200 )

212. Illice triplagiata sp. nov.

9. Antennae black with white band towards apex; head and thorax cream-

colour, hind part of thorax purple-black ; abdomen carmine. Forewing brownish

slate-grey, below median fold cream-colour divided by a black patch into two

longitudinal patches, which are edged above with black ; a wedge-shaped cream

patch edged with black rans in from costa to median nerynre at apex of cell.

Hindwing crimson, a black spot at apex.

Length of forewing : 10°5 mm.

Hab. Huatuxeco, Vera Cruz, Mexico.

213. Lycomorphodes aenia sp. nov.

3. Antennae black ; head rufous buff; thorax and abdomen black, strongly

glossed with dark blue. Forewing dark steel-blue with brownish cream median

band slightly interrupted on median vein. Hindwing yellowish grey, outer half

sooty grey.

Length of forewing ; 11 mm.

Hab. Avoewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, May 1905 (8S. M.

Klages).

214. Lycomorphodes bicolor sp. nov.

?. Antennae black ; head and thorax yellowish orange-rnfons ; abdomen dark

slate-grey. Forewing yellowish orange-rufous, paler towards apex.——Hindwing

dark slate-grey.

Length of forewing : 12 mm.

Hab. Pichindé, West Cordillera, Colombia, 1600 metres (A. H. Fass).

215, Lycomorphodes tortricina sp. nov.

3. Antennae black, base dark buff; head and thorax orange-buff, tegulae and

patagia slate-grey; abdomen dull yellowish wood-brown, basal segment and anal

tuft dark orange-buff. Forewing testaceous orange buff; a median band some-

what diluted and clondlike or evanescent brown, onter quarter of wing slate-grey

with median buff streak. Hindwing : basal two-thirds dirty buff, onter third

strongly washed with wood-grey.

Length of forewing : 11 mm.

Hab. Caparo, Trinidad ; December 1905 (S. M. Klages).

216. Talara nigroplagiata sp. nov.

3. Antennae black; head and thorax silver grey; abdomen dull scarlet-

crimson. Forewing whitish silver grey, sparsely powdered with black scales;

a black stigmatic dot, basal half below median vein creamy, powdered with black

scales, a large quadrate patch below cell brownish sooty black——Hindwing : basal

two-thirds rose, outer third sooty brown.

?. Darker ; only basal third of hindwing rose, onter two-thirds black.

Length of forewing: ¢, 9 mm.; %, 9°5 mm.

Hab. Buenavista, East Bolivia, 750 metres, August 1906—April 1907 (J.

Steinbach).

( 201 )

217. Talara alborosea sp. nov.

do. Antennae black ; head and thorax greyish white; abdomen salmon-rose,

claspers orange-buff. Forewing greyish white with a few scattered brown scales ;

a snbbasal brown patch below vein 1, and a curved, broad, dark brown band from

centre of median vein to tornus. Hindwing rose-pink.

Length of forewing : 8 mm.

Hab. Valencia, Venezuela.

218. Talara schistaceoplagiata sp. nov.

?. Head, antennae, thorax and abdomen orange-yellow. Forewing orange-

yellow; whole disc below subcostal vein occupied by a large brownish slate-grey

patch edged with and spotted above with scarlet; terminal edge scarlet, fringe

yellow. Hindwing pink, fringe yellow.

Length of forewing : 9 mm.

Hab. Oconeqne, Carabaya, Pera, 7000 ft.; July 1904, dry season

(G. R. Ockenden).

219. Talara ignibasis sp. nov.

3. Antennae black with white band near tip; head and thorax fiery orange

washed with carmine ; abdomen sooty black, basal two segments orange washed

with carmine, anal tuft dull brownish orange. Forewing: basal quarter fiery

orange washed with carmine, outer three-quarters above median nervure fiery orange

washed with carmine, below median nervure black ; a black spot in cell joins black

area below median vein, and a black streak in orange area from costa to above

vein 7. Hindwing sooty grey-brown, base rose.

Length of forewing: 10 mm.

Hab. Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, Peru; 3100 ft., June 1904, dry season

(G. R. Ockenden).

220. Talara miniata sp. nov.

?. Antennae black, basal three joints buff; head and thorax rosy carmine ;

abdomen greyish sooty black, basal segment pink. Forewing rosy carmine ;

apical two-thirds on and above subcostal vein yellow with a black costal streak,

terminal fifth obliquely of wing wood-grey. Hindwing sooty black-brown.

Length of forewing: 10 mm.

Ilab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, June 1906 (S. M. Klages).

221. Talara roseata sp. nov.

d. Antennae, head and thorax creamy; abdomen salmon-rose.

ereamy flushed with pink. Hindwing salmon-rose.

Length of forewing : 95 mm,

Hab. Kio Colorado, Peru, 2500 ft. ; August—September 1902 (Watkins).

Forewing

222. Talara dilutior sp. nov.

%. Antennae brown ; head whitish; thorax whitish grey, patagia and outer

half of tegnlae cream-white ; abdomen pinkish yellow.

Forewing pale cream

( 202 )

washed with very pale mustard-colour ; two cnneate cream-white spots ran in from

costa.— Hindwing pinkish yellow.

Length of forewing : 8 mm.

Hab. Mareapata, Bast Pern, 4500 ft.

223. Barsinella expandens sp. nov.

dé. Antennae brown ; head and thorax saffron-yellow ; abdomen buffy amber-

brown. Forewing orange-buff; costa much bowed out and wing broad and

abraptly rounded; an antemedian band of detached black spots and streaks, a

faint median pale crimson line curved and angled, a postmedian zigzag transverse

line and outside of it namerous black streaks, a terminal pale rose line-——

Hindwing rose.

Length of forewing: 8 mm.

Ilab. Bartica, British Guiana, June 1901.

224. Clemensia reticulata sp. nov.

3. Antennae pale brown ; head white ; thorax cream-white with three pairs

of black spots, tegulae and patagia entirely white ; abdomen dark grey, anal tuft

orange- buff. Forewing white with black dots; medio-postmedian irregular

zigzag transverse lines, between which there is a greyish wash and a number of

black cross-lines and streaks on nervures, forming together a broad irregular band

of black network. Hindwing : basal two-thirds greyish white, outer third grey.

Length of forewing : 11—12°5 mm,

Hab. Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 3100 ft., June 1904, dry season; Tinguri,

Carabaya, 3400 ft., August 1904, dry season ; La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 8.E. Peru,

3100 ft., March 1905, wet season (G. R. Ockenden).

Type: Rio Huacarayo.

225. Hyposiccia abraxina sp. nov.

3. Has the appearance of a small smoky Abraxas grosulariata with all yellow

obliterated. Antennae dark grey ; head dirty white ; thorax dirty white, two black

spots anteriorly and one on extreme hinder end of thorax ; abdomen monuse-grey,

anal tuft very large. Forewing greyish white ; a row of black spots along costa,

a basal dot and subbasal spot black, an antemedian black zigzag line, a black

stigma in cell, double postmedian waved lines of almost coalescent black spots

between which is a mouse-grey band, subterminal and terminal rows of black

spots. Hindwing monse-grey, stigma and terminal edge darker.

Length of forewing : 15 mm.

Hab. Khasia Hills, April 1894 (Native collectors).

226. Asuridia miltochristoides sp. nov.

?. Has at first sight a great resemblance to Miltochrista miniata. Antennae pale

brown ; head pale pink ; thorax pale carmine rose ; abdomen pale yellowish wood-

brown. Forewing pale carmine-rose ; a basal black spot on subcostal vein ; an

antemedian zigzag line, an oblique median broad line, a stigma, and a twice sharply

angled postmedian line with black lines from it to termen along the neryures black

edged with yellow.——Hindwing rose.

Length of forewing : 13°5 mm.

Hab, Khasia Hills, Jane 1895 (Native collectors).

( 203 )

227. Melanaema asuroides sp. nov.

?. Resembles an Asura. Antennae dark brown ; head carmine-rose, a brown

spot on vertex ; thorax deep brown edged with carmine-rose; abdomen dull carmine-

rose, Forewing purple-brown ; a median large spot on costal region, a similar

one on and above inner margin, and a dot on lower discocellular carmine-rose.

Hindwing semihyaline buffy grey washed with rose, fringe purple-brown.

Length of forewing : 12 mm.

ab. Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 2000—

3000 ft., September 1910 (A. S. Meek).

228. Melanaema apiciplaga sp. nov.

6d. Antennae pale brown; head, thorax, and abdomen maize-buff. Forewing

maize-buff, outer two-fifths of wing from costa. to vein 4 purplish black-brown,

becoming much paler towards termen. Hindwing paler maize-bnff.

Length of forewing: 12 mm.

Hab. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dntch New Guinea, up to

3000 ft., October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek).

229. Melanaema ochraceorufa sp. nov.

gd. Antennae: basal half orange rufous, outer half rufous grey ; head and thorax

orange rufous ; abdomen yellowish buff. Forewing divided obliquely ; baso-costal

half rufous grey with costa bright rufous, apico-tornal half orange rufous, becoming

darker towards termen. Hindwing yellowish buff.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

Hab. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutclt New Guinea, up to

3000 ft., October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek).

230. Xanthetis luzonica obiensis subsp. nov.

3. Differs from /. duzonica in the much blacker forewings, the orange markings

on dise being much smaller and the subterminal line almost absent.

%. Has orange on forewing much extended, and a very broad subterminal

orange band. Hindwing: whole basal half orange.

Hab, Laiwni Obi, September 1897 (W. Doherty).

231. Phacusosia grandis sp. nov.

?. Antennae black; head deep orange, a spot on frons and hinder half of

vertex black; thorax black with an anterior and a posterior deep orange patch,

tegulae deep orange edged with black; patagia, basal portion deep orange, rest

black ; abdomen deep orange, anal segment and edges of basal segment black.

Forewing black with purple gloss, intraneural spaces paler sooty grey; cell and

patch below median nervure hyaline, hyaline spots on veins 4, 5, and 6.

Hindwing black strongly glossed with purple; basal two-thirds of costal area

wood-grey, a hyaline streak below median vein.

Length of forewing : 22 mm.

Hab. Mount Goliath, Central Datch New Guinea, 5000—7000 ft., March 1911

(A. 8. Meek).

( 204 )

232. Graptasura bitincta sp. nov.

3d. Antennae brown; thorax golden maize-yellow ; abdomen greyish buff———

Forewing golden maize-yellow. Hindwing yellowish buff.

Length of forewing : 8°5 mm.

Hab. Little Kei (Heinrich Kiihn).

233. Graptasura mediofascia sp. noy.

3d. Antennae brown; head and thorax orange; abdomen buffi——Forewing

maize-buff, orange on basal three-fifths of vein 1; a postmedian band from costa

curving inwards along median vein, a bow-shaped streak above vein 1, and

fringe very pale mauve-brown. Hindwing cream-buff.

?. Has forewing semihyaline-buff, and the bow-shaped mark above vein 1 is

absent. Hindwing almost hyaline cream-colour. One ? has the forewing darker

buff than the rest.

Length of forewing: ¢ 13 mm.; $ 10°—11°5 mm,

flab, Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1906 (A. 8.

Meek).

234. Zygaenosia divisa sp. nov.

3d. Antennae dark grey; head and thorax cream-white ; abdomen greyish

white, anal tuft yellowish. Forewing: basal half obliquely cream-white, a

subbasal black-brown patch on inner margin and an ill-defined large rusty pateh,

somewhat clond-like, between subcostal vein and inner margin; outer half dark

violet chocolate-brown with paler streaks, and a whitish zigzag median streak——

Hindwing cream-white.

Length of forewing : 7 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., February 1906

(A, 8. Meek). °

235. Zygaenosia albigrisea sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen slate-grey——Forewing cream-

white; outer two-fifths brownish monse-grey. Hindwing cream-white, fringe

monse-grey.

Length of forewing : 10 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1906 (A. 8.

Meek).

236. Zygaenosia truncata sp. nov.

d. Head, antennae, and thorax black, an orange-rnfous spot on tegnlae; —

abdomen rufous orange, anal tuft black——Forewing, basal three-fifths orange-

rafous, a black stigma and some black marks on costa; onter two-fifths black, apex —

and termen to vein 3 abruptly trancated. Hindwing: basal two-thirds orange-

rufons, outer third black.

Length of forewing : 12 mm.

Hab, Astrolabe Bay, German New Guinea (C. Wahnes).

( 205 )

237. Zygaenosia nigrorufa sp. nov.

3. Entirely black; basal two-fifths of forewing and basal three-fifths of

hindwing orange-rufous.

Length of forewing: ¢ 125 mm.; ? 14 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, July—Angust 1907 (A. S.

Meek).

238. Zygaenosia variabilis sp. nov.

3. There appear to be three main phases of this variable species, which again

respectively appear with or without the antemedian black line.

Form 1, (¢ype)—Hntirely black, basal half of forewing except basal third of

costa orange-rufous, basal three-quarters of hindwing orange-rufous.

Form 2.—Similar to Form 1, but head and thorax orange-rufous.

Form 3.—Entirely rufous; abdomen black, a broad or narrow postmedian

zigzag black line on forewing and a subterminal row of black spots ; margins of

fore and hindwing black.

In all three phases a black zigzag antemedian line is sometimes present.

Length of forewing: 85—10 mm.

Hab. Mysol Island, New Guinea, January 27—February 7, 1899 (H. Kiihn).

239. Zygaenosia subhyalinifascia sp. nov.

3. Uniform sooty black, a broad almost hyaline greyish white band, 5 mm.

broad, crosses the forewing one-quarter from base. Costal area of hindwing greyish

white.

Length of forewing : 145 mm.

Hah. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek).

240. Zygaenosia fuliginosa sp. nov.

3. Entirely pale sooty black. Disc of forewings semihyaline sooty grey.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

Hab. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December, 1910 (A. 8. Meek).

241. Zygaenosia sinapis sp. nov.

?. Antennae black; head, thorax, and abdomen rufous mustard-yellow.——

Forewing rufous mustard-yellow, nervares and margins black.

sooty grey, costal area dark mustard-yellow.

Length of forewing: 15 mm.

Hab. Near Octakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October— December 1910 (A. S. Meek).

Hindwing dark

242. Asura arenaria sp. nov.

3. Antennae pale brown, strongly pectinated. Rest of insect dark yellowish

buff; hindwing paler.

Length of forewing: 9 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, Angust—September 1907

(A. S. Meek).

( 206 )

243. Asura liparidia sp. nov.

?. Head and antennae and thorax orange-buff; abdomen slightly paler ——

Forewing bright orange-buff; a large subbasal patch of mauve greyish brown,

a broad postmedian transverse band of same colour. Hindwing buff, an

indistinct grey postmedian interrupted transverse band,

3 similar, but darker; antennae pectinated, band of hindwing darker, broader,

and more distinct.

Length of forewing : 12°5 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, August to September 1907

(A. 5. Meek).

244, Asura basitesselata sp. nov.

3%. Head, antennae, and thorax orange-buff; abdomen slightly paler.—

Forewing bright orange-buff ; two antemedian zigzag lines joined by a bar below

subcostal mauve-brown, producing a tesselated appearance ; a very broad irregular

postmedian mauve-brown band enclosing a row of orange-buff spots——Hindwing

buff.

Length of forewing: 17 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, August—September 1907

(A. 8. Meek).

245. Asura citrinopuncta sp. nov.

3%. Antennae dark brown ; head dark golden yellow ; thorax manve-brown ;

tegulae and two lines dark golden yellow.——Forewing mauve-brown ; rows of

large golden yellow spots along costal, inner, and terminal margins, and irregular

smaller golden yellow spots scattered over disc forming three ill-defined rows ——

Hindwing buff, fringe brown.

Length of forewing: ¢ 10 mm., $ 12 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, August—September 1907

(A, S. Meek).

246. Asura griseotincta sp. nov.

?. Antennae brown; head, thorax, and abdomen whitish cream-grey, more

white towards anal segments of abdomen.—Forewing pale yellowish brown ;

some large spots on costa and terminal border cream-white, a subterminal row of

five subbasal dots dirty cream-white. Hindwing white, terminal margin greyish.

Length of forewing: 14 mm.

Hab. Pontianak, 8.W. Borneo.

247. Asura chrysomela reducta subsp. nov.

3. Differs from chrysomela chrysomela in the orange band on the forewing

being reduced to a patch running from the inner margin to just beyond median

vein. On the hindwing the band is reduced to a small spot in costal region.

2. Has all bands narrower.

Hab. New Georgia, Solomon Islands, March 1904, Vella Lavella, Solomon

Islands, March 1908 (A. 8. Meek).

Type: New Georgia.

( 207 )

248. Asura punctata sp. noy.

3. Antennae rufous; head pale orange ; thorax pale orange, a black dot on

patagia ; abdomen pale orange-— Forewing pale orange; basal half with a number

of black spots, outer half with a densely serpentine zigzag line on band, and a

subterminal row of spots black——Hindwing: basal two-thirds pale orange,

outer third black.

Length of forewing : 11:5 mm.

Hab. Khasia Hills, Assam, April 1896 (Native coll.).

249. Asura unifascia sp. nov.

2. ead, and thorax orange-buff; abdomen greyish buff, anal tuft

very large. Forewing orange-buff; a median transverse band mauve-grey-brown,

a number of mauve-grey-brown dots in basal half and along nervures on terminal

half. Hindwing buff, a median grey shadow band.

Length of forewing : 11 mm.

Hab. Kandy, Ceylon.

250. Asura hieroglyphica sp. nov.

3. Antennae pale brown, basal third golden yellow; head golden yellow ;

thorax golden yellow, black spots on patagia and hind part of thorax ; abdomen

buff, Forewing golden yellow ; a basal black spot and two black curved and

angled transverse antemedian lines joined below subcostal vein, and on vein 1 by

cross-bars; a zigzag black postmedian transverse line, from which proceed black

lines along the nervures towards termen, which in turn are connected by oblique

cross-bars, intraneural spaces crimson-scarlet, an oblique triangular black suffused

patch from tornus to middle of median vein. Hindwing buff.

Length of forewing: 16 mm.

Hab. Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mts., Datch New Guinea, 3500 ft., Novem-

ber 1908—January 1909 (A. E. Pratt).

251. Asura flavopunctata punctatissima subsp. nov.

3. Antennae black, strongly pectinated ; head orange; thorax black, tegulae,

basal patch on patagia and central patch on thorax orange; abdomen black, with

a few scattered orange scales. Forewing black, covered all over with a number

of brilliant orange highly irregularly shaped spots. Hindwing bright fulvous

orange, margin very wide black, narrowing from apex to tornus,

Length of forewing: 11 mm.

Hab. Near Oectakwa River, Snow Mts., Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—November 1910 (A. 8. Meek).

252. Asura flavopunctata flavopunctata B. Baker.

3. Differs from f. punctatissima in the brown, not black, ground colour of

the forewing, and in the paler, more diluted orange spots, which run together and

are less strongly marked, giving the wing a washed-out appearance. It is also

smaller.

Length of forewing : 9°5 mm.

Hab, Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, January 1903 (A. 8S, Meek).

( 208 )

253, Asura marginata sp. nov.

3. Antennae black, pectinated ; head orange, vertex with large black patch ;

thorax black, tegulae broadly edged with orange; abdomen black, sides with mixed

orange scales. Forewing: basal three-fourths orange rufous, apical fourth black ;

apical half of costa, four subbasal patches, and a median zigzag band black.——

Hindwing: basal two-thirds orange fulvons, outer third black.

?. Larger, antevnae filiform, whole costa black, median band wider.

Length of forewing: 3 10.5 mm., ? 13 mm.

Hab. Suer Mefor, New Guinea, Jane—July 1897 (W. Doherty).

254. Asura lacteoflava lacteoflava subsp. nov.

3. Head, antennae, and thorax dark buffy yellow; abdomen buff.Fore-

wing dark buffy yellow; six black dots in basal fourth, a black dot beyond cell; a

postdiscal row of black striae-like spots, the one on vein 4 nearest termen.—

Hindwing buftish cream-colour.

%. Paler black dots and spots much fainter.

Length of forewing: 3 11 mm., ? 14 mm.

Hab. Dalhousie, N.W. India, Jone 1891.

255, Asura lacteoflava aureata subsp. nov.

3. Differs from 7. lacteoflava in the golden orange-buff colour of head, thorax,

and forewings, and the black dots on vertex and thorax. On the forewings all

black marks are changed to long hairlike black striae, and there is a terminal line

of black dots, All wings are narrower.

Hab. Khasia Hills, Assam, July 1894 (Native coll.).

256. Asura roseogrisea sp. nov.

3. Allied to rubricosa Moore. Antennae, head, and thorax yellow flushed

with rose, a black dot on hind part of thorax; abdomen yellowish buff, darker on

anal half. Forewing rose-colour tinged with yellow; a basal black dot, a

subbasal transverse band, and a postmedian band which is divided and becomes

Y-shaped from vein 3 to costa slate-grey. Hindwing buff saturated with pale

rose.

?. Paler and more yellow.

Length of forewing : 13 mm.

Hab. Lower Burma.

257. Asura trizonata sp. nov.

3. Antennae pale brown, strongly pectinated ; head and thorax dark yellowish

butf; abdomen greyish buff, anal tuft buff. Forewing dark yellowish buff; an

antemedian and a median transverse band joined by cross-bar above vein 1 dull

chocolate-brown, as is also the discocellular stigma, a postmedian transverse band

with three lateral processes to termen and apex, and enclosing a median row of

buff spots and joined to median band at inner margin dull chocolate-brown.—

Hindwing buff with two terminal greyish marks.

Length of forewing: 12 mm.

Hab. Great Kei Island (H. Kiihn).

( 209 )

258. Asura strigatula sp. nov.

3. Antennae pale brown; head and thorax pale orange-buff; abdomen buff,

Forewing pale orange-buff ; a subbasal and a much broader postmedian trans-

verse band both composed of longitudinal coalescing striations purple-brown.

Hindwing buff.

Length of forewing: 10°5 mm.

Hab. Khasia Hills, Assam, April 1894 (Native coll.).

259. Asura pallida sp. nov.

3. Antennae pale yellowish brown, pectinated ; head and thorax pale whitish

cream-colour; abdomen whitish grey tinged with buff. Forewing pale cream-

colour; a stigma, a basal costal spot, a subbasal and a postmedian band with two

processes running to termen dull brown. —-Hindwing milk-white.

Length of forewing : 10 mm.

Hab. Dorey, Datch New Guinea, June 1897 (W. Doherty).

260. Asura leopardina leopardina subsp. nov.

?. Antennae black; head and thorax orange spotted with black spots ;

abdomen dull orange with transverse black spots. Forewing deep orange ; fringe

of termen, apical two-thirds of costa, and inner half of basal third of costa black ;

two subbasal spots, an antemedian band interrupted at median vein, a median band,

a spot beyond this band, a zigzag postmedian band, and a subterminal row of spots

black.—Hindwing pale orange-crimson edged with black.

d. Similar, but smaller.

Length of forewing: ¢ 8 mm., 2 10 mm.

Hah. Toli-Toli, North Celebes, November—December 1895 (H. Fruhstorfer).

261. Asura leopardina postvitreata subsp. noy.

3. Differs from J. deopardina in the much brighter and darker orange of the

. forewings, in the black upperside and anal tuft of abdomen, and in the vitreous

hindwings with smoky black terminal margin and orange costa.

Hab. Bonthain Peak, South Celebes (H. Fruhstorfer).

262. Asura quadrifasciata sp. nov.

?. Head, antennae, and thorax buffy orange, a black spot on tegulae;

abdomen, basal half buffy grey, onter half pale sooty black, anal tuft buff orange.

—Forewing buff orange ; two basal spots, four curved and angled transverse

bands joined by cross-bars to each other and to termen; termen and apical

third of costa black. Hindwing, basal half buffy orange, rest black.

Length of forewing : 13 mm.

Hab. Voli-Toli, North Celebes, November—December 1895 (H. Fruhstorfer).

263. Asura subcruciata sp. nov.

d. Head, antennae, and thorax reddish orange, the latter with slate grey

spots ; abdomen orange buff, Forewing orange suffused all over with scarlet ;

a black basal dot; a subbasal patch, two antemedian crossed lines, a stigma, and

( 210 )

two postmedian bands slate-grey, edged indistinctly with scarlet; terminal line

scarlet.—Hindwing buff.

Length of forewing 105 mm.

Hab. Mount Malu, 1000—4000 ft., North Borneo, August—December 1894

(Hose coll.).

264, Asura mediofascia mediofascia subsp. nov.

gd. Antennae pale brown; heal and thorax pale rose-colonr washed with

yellow ; abdomen brownish buff. Forewing pale rose washed with yellow

towards margins; some subbasal spots; a median band, a stigma beyond, an

oblique, zigzag subterminal line from costa to termen at vein 2, and a terminal

line of dots slaty black.—Hindwing semihyaline pale rose.

?. Differs in being-more suffused with pale yellow, and the subterminal line

replaced by dots.

Length of forewing: 9 mm.

Hab. Tambora, Sambawa, June 1896; Bali, March—April 1896 (W. Doherty).

Type: Sambawa.

265. Asura mediofascia intensa subsp. nov.

?. Much larger than m. mediofascia and much deeper and purer rose-colour,

and all markings much broader; terminal row of dots replaced by transverse line.

Length of forewing : 115 mm.

Hab. Sapit, Lombok, 2000 metres, April 1896 (H. Fruhstorfer).

266. Asura coccineoflammeus sp. noy.

do. Antennae pale brown, first eight joints crimson ; head and thorax brilliant

flame-scarlet; abdomen buff.t—Forewing brilliant flame-scarlet crossed by four

rather indistinct, zigzag, angled, slate-grey bands.——Hindwing buff suffused with

salmon-colour.

?. Larger and brighter.

Length of forewing: ¢d 145 mm., $ 17 mm,

Hab. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000—7000 ft., January 1911

(A. S. Meek). .

267. Asura bicolor sp. nov.

3. Entirely sooty black. A large orange rufous ovoid patch oceupies the

central third of forewing below subcostal vein, and an oblong patch occupies

the same part of hindwing from costa to median fold.

2. Similar, but patch on forewing larger.

Length of forewing: ¢ 12 mm., $ 11 mm.

Hab. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to —

3500 ft., October—November 1910, Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains,

Dutch New Guinea, 2000—3000 ft., August 1910 (A. 8. Meek).

268. Asura pseudojosiodes sp. nov.

3. Resembles at first sight a Josiodes. Antennae black, pectinated ; head

orange, black spot on vertex; thorax orange with black spots; abdomen sooty

black, segmental fringes of outer half and anal tuft mixed with orange hairs,

Forewing : basal three-fifths golden orange, costa, inner margin, and a transverse line

(211)

which curves outwards running along under vein 1 towards tornus black ; outer

two-fifths black ; an ill-defined interrupted band, and a large subterminal ovoid patch

golden orange. Hindwing black.

Length of forewing : 20 mm.

Hab. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to

3500 ft., October—November 1910 (A. 8. Meek).

269. Asura postbicolor sp. nov.

3. Very elose to mediofascia, but at once distinguished by the hindwings

and abdomen. Antennae pale brown; head and thorax dirty rose-pink ; abdomen

black, basal segment and anal tuft rose-colour. Forewing rose-pink; a sub-

basal patch, some basal spots, a median transverse band, a spot beyond, a post-

discal zigzag band, and the terminal edge sooty black. Hindwing sooty black,

base rose-pink.

Length of forewing: 10 mm.

Hab. Dili, Timor, May 1892 (W. Doherty).

270. Asura thomensis sp. nov.

?. Antennae dull brown; head and thorax pale orange-buff ; abdomen buff.

Forewing pale orange-buff; an antemedian, a median, and a postmedian

band mauve brownish grey, the two former somewhat coalescent.

buff.

Length of forewing : 11 mm.

Hab, Island of St. Thomé, West Africa, October—November 1899 (A.

Mocqnerys).

Hindwing

271. Asura calamaria mediopuncta subsp. nov.

3. Antennae pale brown; head orange-buff; thorax orange-buff with black

dots ; abdomen sooty grey, almost hidden by long yellow hairs, anal tuft orange-

buff. Forewing orange-buff ; a black basal dot on costa and subcostal vein and

a round black spot at end of cell. Hindwing paler.

?. Much paler, forewings Jemon-buff, hindwings cream-colour, abdomen

silvery grey. ;

Length of forewing: ¢ 14 mm., ? 13 mm.

Hab. Khasia Hills, Assam, April 1894 (Native coll.).

Differs by its much darker yellow colour and larger spots.

272. Asura ocnerioides sp. nov.

3. Antennae black-brown, strongly pectinated; head and thorax sulphur-

yellow; abdomen, basal two-thirds greyish white, apical third sooty black.

Forewing white; costal edge black, apex pale grey, fringe grey.——Hindwing

white.

?. Similar, but larger, and only last segment of abdomen and anal tuft black.

Length of forewing: d 11-5 mm., $ 12:5.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., February 1906

(A. 8. Meek),

One ¢ has on the forewing an oblique dark grey band from base of vein 7 to

vein 1. This I propose to call ab. strigaza ab. nov.

( 212.)

273. Asura mimetica sp. nov.

3. Isacomplete mimic of Aswra avernalis, but has strongly pectinated, not

filiform, antennae. Antennae, basal third of shaft orange-scarlet, rest of shaft sooty

grey-brown, pectinations sooty grey-brown ; head and thorax orange-scarlet, latter

with blackish slate-grey stripes ; abdomen blackish slate-grey, anal tuft reddish

brown.-——Forewing orange-scarlet ; four transverse bands, three subterminal

patches and terminal fringe blackish slate-grey.——Hindwing blackish slate-

grey.

Length of forewing: 13 mm,

Hab. Tagela, Solomon Islands (Woodford).

274. Asura miltochristina sp. nov.

3%. Resembles Miltochrista cruciata. Antennae brown; head and thorax

scarlet ; abdomen salmon-rose.——Forewing scarlet ; double cross-like antemedian

bands merging into a number of rings towards inner margin, a semicircular post-

median band, a number of streaks to termen, and fringe slate-grey—Hindwing

salmon-rose.

Length of forewing : 14°5 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1906 (A. 8.

Meek),

275. Asura fasciolata sp. nov.

3. Antennae brown ; head and thorax scarlet ; abdomen pale yellowish pink.

——Forewing yellow with scarlet streaks and spots; a basal dot, a subbasal

curved row of dots, a curved median band, a curved postmedian line, a very

broad subterminal band, and a row of terminal dots blackish slate——Hindwing

pale yellowish pink.

Length of forewing : 13°5 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., February 1906

(A. 8. Meek).

276. Asura insularis sp. noy.

3. Similar to pyrrhaula Meyr, Antennae: basal quarter scarlet, rest dark

brown ; head and thorax scarlet, not orange-yellow ; abdomen salmon-rose.

Forewing orange-scarlet, not golden yellow, with scarlet streaks in outer third ;

two basal dots, two antemedian bands, a postmedian oblique curved band joined

to former under costa, some subterminal clouding, and fringe slate-grey——

Hindwing salmon-rose, not buffy yellow.

9. Larger.

Length of forewing : ¢ 15 mm., 2 18 mm.

Hab, St. Aignan, Lonisiade Islands, October 1897, Goodenough, D’Entre-

casteaux Islands, December 1896 (A. 8. Meek).

277, Asura pyrrhauloides sp. nov.

?. Antennae brownish scarlet ; bead scarlet with brown-grey central band;

thorax scarlet with brown-grey spots ; abdomen: above basal half fuscons buff,

apical half rose. Forewing: basal half orange-yellow washed and closely streaked

all over with scarlet ; basal fifth occupied by a network of slate-grey, a median

( 213 )

oblique broad slate-grey band, and a similar bent postmedian one from which

proceed to termen a number of semi-coalescent slate-grey streaks, fringe blackish.

Hindwing pale salmon-rose.

Length of forewing: 17 mm,

Hab. Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Datch New Guinea 2000-

3000 ft., September 1910 (A. S. Meek).

278. Asura avernalis bougainvillei subsp. nov. |

?. Differs from a. avernalis in the slate-grey bands of the forewings being

much wider and almost coalescent, so that the scarlet ground colour is only visible

in the form of patches and spots on the inner two-thirds of wing, not in the form

of bands, and the outer scarlet band and three terminal patches much reduced ; the

scarlet also is much mixed with yellow. ‘The blackish slate outer half of hindwing

is reduced to less than half its width.

3. Differs on forewings in same manner, and the hindwings are paler slate-

grey.

Hab, Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands, May 1904 (A. 8. Meek).

279. Asura avernalis isabellina subsp. nov.

¢. Differs from a. avernalis in having the whole abdomen salmon-pink ; and in

the forewing being entirely blackish slate with twelve small orange-scarlet spots.

Basal and abdominal portions of hindwing yellowish pink.

Hab. Islets near Isabel, Solomon Islands (Cayley Webster).

280. Asura avernalis floridensis subsp. nov.

2. Differs from a. avernalis on the forewings in the slate-grey bands being

much narrower, so that the ground colour appears as five broad orange-scarlet

bands. On the hindwing the slate-grey outer half is absent, only three slate-grey

subterminal spots and a dark fringe remaining.

Hab. Florida Island, Solomon Islands, June 1901 (A. 8S. Meek).

281. Asura metascota analogus subsp. nov.

¢d. This bears the same relation to m. metascota that a. floridensis does to

a. acernalis.

Differs from m. metascota on the forewing in the paler yellowish scarlet,

ground colour and in having the black replaced by slate-grey and reduced to a pair

of coalescent antemedian and a similar pair of postmedian bands. The hindwing is

reddish buff with a wide slate-grey margin, not entirely sooty black.

The ? is also more yellowish on forewing and shows the same differences on

hindwing.

Hab. Isabel Island, Solomon Islands, June 4—July 9, 1901 (A. S. Meek).

282. Asura metascota feminina subsp. nov.

Has in the ¢ the black on forewing much reduced and ground colour orange-

searlet, while in the ? the black markings are wider, so that both sexes are alike,

Hab, Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands, February 1908 (A. 8. Meek).

(214)

283. Asura miltochristaemorpha sp. nov.

3. Antennae, head, and thorax golden yellow, and a fuscous dot on patagia ;

abdomen pale carmine with yellow hairs on basal segment and in anal taft——

Forewing: basal three-fifths golden-yellow, apical two-fifths orange-scarlet; two

antemedian zigzag-bent mauve-brown bands and two similar postmedian ones; the

inner postmedian and outer antemedian lines are apparently joined below median

fold by a horizontal line; the outer postmedian is much clouded and rans ont in

streaks to termen ; fringe mauve-brown.— Hindwing rose-pink.

%. Larger.

Length of forewing: ¢ 125 mm., ? 18 mm.

Hab. Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Datch New Guinea, 2000—

3000 ft., August 1910 (A. 8S. Meek).

284. Asura infumata rufotincta subsp. nov.

3. Differs from 7. infumata in the rufous orange forewings and the much

blacker hindwings.

?. Differs in the darker orange forewings.

Hab. Khasia Hills, Assam, July 1894 (Native coll.).

285. Miltochrista parameia sp. nov.

d. Antennae black ; head orange ; thorax orange, black spots on patagia and

hind part of thorax ; abdomen orange. Forewing milk-white, base orange; a

basal spot and three antemedian bands of three spots each black, onter two-fifths of

wing black with intranenral white streak, Hindwing semihyaline white with

sooty margin,

?. Larger, all wings cream-white ; two curved antemedian bands, a median

band, and a stigma on forewings brown-black; nervures in outer two-fifths of fore-

wings black ; brown-black striae on nervures in outer fifth of hindwings.

Length of forewing: ¢ 16 mm., ? 18 mm.

Hab. Mauson Mountains, Tonkin, 2300 metres, April and May (H. Fruhstorfer).

286. Miltochrista germana sp. nov.

3. Very close to spilosomoides Moore, but darker, more orange-buff all over.

Differs on forewing by having the median band very distinct and a curved post-

median band of ten spots from which long streaks run out almost to termen.

Hab, Khasia Hills, Assam, February 1894 (Native coll.).

287. Miltochrista subcruciata sp. nov.

3. Differs from cruciata in its much smaller size, rose ground colour washed

with carmine, and very pale and indistinct bands on dise of forewing.

Length of forewing: 11°5 mm.

Hab. Little Kei Island (H. Kithn).

288. Miltochrista quadrifasciata sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen yellow washed and suffused with

salmon-red — Forewing yellow suffused with scarlet; antemedian, median, and —

(215)

two postmedian more. or less zigzag slate-grey bands. Hindwing semihyaline

pinkish buff.

Length of forewing: 13 mm.

Hab. German New Guinea.

289, Miltochrista coccinea sp. nov.

do. Antennae yellow; head and thorax orange-scarlet with black dots ;

abdomen brown-buff. Forewing orange-scarlet ; two antemedian bands in form

of a cross, a double angled postmedian band bent inwards so that it meets the arms

of the cross at costal and inner margin, and three postdiscal streaks sooty brown-

black. Hindwing salmon-colour.

Length of forewing: 11°5 mm.

Hab. Khasia Hills, Assam, October 1894 (Native coll.),

290. Miltochrista dohertyi sp. nov.

3d. Antennae rufous, head and thorax orange-scarlet with slaty-brown dots ;

abdomen salmon-rose mixed with greyish hairs on basal two segments. Fore-

wing scarlet; three basal dots, a zigzag subbasal band from costa to vein 1, ante-

median and median bands very irregular, joined below subcostal vein, a postmedian

serpentine band with broad streaks to termen, and fringe slaty wood-brown.

Hindwing semihyaline buff strongly washed with rose.

?. Similar, but bands and streaks on forewing much fainter.

Length of forewing: ¢ 18 mm., ? 19°5 mm,

Hab, Tambora, Sambawa, 2500—4000 ft., June 1896 (W. Doherty).

291. Miltochrista irregularis sp. nov.

?. Antennae whitish ; head cream-white flushed with pink, a median dark

spot; thorax and abdomen cream-white flushed with pink. Forewing pale

whitish pink, termen widely rose; basal quarter powdered with brown scales,

costa and curved transverse line brown; in outer three-quarters a median bent

band, a stigma, a very straggling zigzag postmedian line and three or four

subterminal spots brown. Hindwing pale rose.

Length of forewing: 8°5 mm.

Hab. Youbai, Hainan, June 1904.

292. Miltochrista rosacea sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae, and thorax yellow washed with rose; abdomen grey-buff.

—Forewing rose suffused with yellow along costa, below vein 1 and along

termen; an oblique median band, a stigma, a subterminal row of streaks and a

terminal row of dots sooty black. Hindwing semihyaline pale rose.

Length of forewing : 12 mm.

Hab. West Java.

293. Miltochrista flavoplagiata sp. nov.

3. Antennae golden; head and thorax golden orange heavily spotted with

black ; abdomen black, anal tuft and some lateral spots orange. Forewing

purplish black ; four large and two smaller patches in basal half, and some faint

(:216 )

streaks and two terminal patches and a spot in outer half golden orange:-——Hind-

wing black.

?. Larger, wings slate-grey; spots, streaks, and patches on forewings mnch

larger and paler yellow; a few terminal yellow marks on hindwing. Abdomen

golden yellow with some slate bands.

Length of forewing: ¢ 15 mm, ? 18°5 mm.

Hab, Sula, Mangoli, October 1897 (W. Doherty).

294. Miltochrista elongata sp. nov.

3. Antennae black ; head and thorax black with yellow spots and edges ;

abdomen black slightly powdered with yellow scales.——Forewing black-brown ;

basal two-thirds with suffused and somewhat obliterated orange streaks and spots.

—Hindwing orange, outer third black.

?. Similar, larger, and forewing much paler.

Length of forewing : d 19 mm., ? 21 mm.

Hab, Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—November 1910 (A. S. Meek).

295. Miltochrista biplagiata sp. nov.

3. Antennae black ; head orange with black spots ; thorax black with orange-

scarlet spots and edges; abdomen: four basal segments orange, apical segments

black, anal tuft and valvular appendages orange with black tips.——Forewing

deep blackish chocolate washed with greyish mauve ; some basal rufous orange

spots, a rnfous orange subbasal transverse band, a large orange antemedian patch

from inner margin to submedian fold and a similar one above it on costa, a large

median crimson spot on costa and one below it at origin of vein 2, a row of post-

median red spots, and a somewhat indistinct row of terminal red spots.——Hind-

wing : basal half orange, outer half sooty black.

?. Larger, anal tuft entirely black ; basal orange portion of hindwing smaller

and less extended.

Length of forewing : ¢ 17 mm., ? 20 mm.

Hab. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—November 1910 (A. S. Meek).

296. Eutane semivitrea sp. nov.

g. Antennae black, strongly pectinated ; head: frons orange buff, vertex black ;

thorax black, tegulae and base of patagia orange ; abdomen black, anal tuft and

valvular appendages buff. Forewing black, subbasal broad band, antemedian

band, three median quadrate patches,” a postmedian band, and bree subbasal

sintclicn rufous orange. Hindwing semibyaline rufous orange; outer third,

costal and abdominal margins black.

%. Antennae black, filiform ; head orange-buff; thorax black, tegulae, basal

two-thirds of patagia and central spots orange-buff; abdomen black, anal tuft

orange-buff.—Forewing black ; subbasal band, antemedian band, three elongate

ovoid median patches, a Bosemetian interrupted band, and three very large sub-

terminal patches orange-buff——Hindwing, basal half Grange-baff cuter half black.

Another ¢ larger, pale markings more rufous.

Length of forewing: ¢ 11 mm., 2 13—15°5 mm.

Hab, Fort Mackay, Queensland (d $); Kuranda, near Cairns, Queensland (3 )

(217)

297. Thallarcha fuscogrisea sp. nov.

3. Antennae pectinated, sooty brown, tip white; head white ; thorax dark

brown, tegulae whitish; abdomen orange-buff.t—Forewing, basal two-thirds

whitish grey, costa and antemedian zigzag band dull brown, basal dot and median

stigma black; outer third whitish grey densely powdered with brown scales, a

broad dark dull brown postdiscal band and three brown subterminal spots.

Hindwing orange-buff, apex broadly brownish sooty black.

Length of forewing : 11 mm.

Hub. Parkside, South Australia.

298. Philenora transfascia sp. nov.

3. Antennae brown; palpi very long, basal and terminal segment brown-

black, middle segment white ; head white; thorax white, a hinder patch brown,

tegulae and front half sprinkled with brown scales. Forewing milk-white ;

a subbasal and antemedian costal patch, two antemedian costal dots, a median band

much expanded towards inner margin, a postmedian tiny dot and a costal spot, and

two terminal white-dotted patches brown-black. Hindwing grey. A second

38 from Milne Bay has the spots and blotches smaller and the median band

interrupted.

Length of forewing: 8-9 mm.

Hab. Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, February 1903; Milne Bay,

British New Guinea, February 1899 (A. S. Meek).

Type, Upper Aroa River.

299. Diarhabdosia roseothorax sp. nov.

3. Antennae black serrated; head greyish buff, vertex slate-grey ; thorax

slate-grey, tegulae brown edged with buff, patagia rose-pink, base buff; abdomen

slate-grey. Forewing pale liver-brown ; inner margin and terminal edge slate-

grey, costal area and line below vein 1 yellowish buff. Hindwing semihyaline

greyish-white, passing into sooty grey on outer half.

?. Differs in being entirely sooty-grey with exception of frons, edges of

tegulae, patagia, and the costal region and stripe under vein 1 on forewing, which

are similar to ¢.

Length of forewing: 3 13-14 mm., ? 12 mm.

Hab. La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 8.H. Peru, 3100 ft., wet season, October 1904 ;

La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, Peru, 2000 ft., wet season, November 1904

(G. R. Ockenden).

Type, d, La Oroya.

300. Diarhabdosia cinerea sp. nov.

d. Antennae black; head, thorax, and abdomen slate-grey.

brown-grey, a whitish shade in outer half.——Hindwing mouse-grey.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, October 1906 (S. M. Klages).

Forewing

301. Eurylomia similliforma sp. nov.

This species has the colour-pattern of ochreata Drace, with the shape of

cordula Boisd.

( 218 )

3. Antennae black ; head and thorax orange ; abdomen, basal segment slate-

grey, rest orange tawny buff, anal tuft sooty brown-black, valves tawny buff edged

with sooty black. Forewing tawny orange-buff; costal edge, broad terminal

margin and outer two-thirds of infer margin sooty grey-black. Hindwing

costal two-thirds brownish tawny grey covered with short androconia-like scales,

abdominal third tawny orange-buff, fringes black.

9. Hindwing normal, costal fourth sooty black.

expanded widely at tornus and apex.

Length of forewing: ¢ 24m., 2 27 mm.

Hab, Guatil!!

Forewing terminal margin

302. Schistophleps costimacula sp. nov.

3. Antennae pale brownish yellow; head and thorax milk-white ; abdomen

greyish white. Forewing milk-white ; an antemedian, a postmedian, and a

large median costal patch grey-brown, some very faint dusky marks at termen and

on inner margin. Hindwing white.

9. Larger, and has fore- and hindwing washed with dirty buff.

Length of forewing: ¢ 12 mm., 2 14 mm,

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1906

(A. 8. Meek).

303. Schistophleps noloides sp. nov. :

3?. Head, antennae, and thorax pale testaceons grey; abdomen greyish

white.——Forewing creamy white ; in basal half a brown oblique band from costa

to median fold and a brown patch on costal area, outer half covered with coalescent

fuscous brownish grey patches, almost hiding ground colour.

Length of forewing : 11°5 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1906 (?) ;

Kunusi River, N.B. British New Guinea, July 1907 (A. 8. Meek) (2).

? Type.

304. Eriomastyx goliathina sp. nov.

do. Antennae pale testaceous buff, heavily ciliated; head and thorax buff;

abdomen pale earth-brown.——Forewing opalescent hyaline buff sprinkled with

fine hairs ; two dots, antemedian and median transverse zigzag bands, and a post-

median band from costa to vein 2 hyaline grey——Hindwing opalescent hyaline

pale buff.

Length of forewing : 12°5 mm.

Hab. Mount Goliath, Central Datch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January 1911

(A. 8S. Meek).

305. Caulocera fasciolata fasciolata subsp. nov.

3. Antennae, head, and thorax dirty cream-white; abdomen dull white-——

Forewing dirty cream-white ; an antemedian oblique band, two crossed irregular

median bands, a broad postdiscal oblique band from costa to tornus, and a row

of terminal spots testaceous yellowish; a central brown stigma. Hindwing

milk-white.

Length of forewing : 10-5 mm,

Aah. Kumasi River, N.E. British New Guinea, July 1907 (A. S. Meek).

( 219 )

306. Caulocera fasciolata punctistriata subsp. nov.

3. Differs from f. fasciolata in forewings being pure white and antemedian and

postdiscal bands being broken up into spots.

?. Semihyaline white and median band on forewing absent, and postdiscal

band divided into postdiscal subterminal bands.

flub. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to

3500 ft., October—November 1910 (A. S. Meek).

307. Chamaita fascioterminata sp. nov.

3d. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen creamy white.——Forewing semi-

hyaline white ; three semi-obsolescent testaceous yellow-brown oblique bands from

costa to median vein in basal two-thirds of wing, a subterminal band and terminal

_ row of spots of same colour.

Length of forewing: 9°5 mm.

Hab. Milne Bay, British New Guinea, February 1899 (A. 8. Meek).

308. Chamaita griseobasis sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae, and thorax testaceous buffy grey ; abdomen brownish grey,

anal tuft buff. Forewing opalescent hyaline creamy white ; a cellular stigma,

a basal and subbasal band brown-grey. Hindwing opalescent hyaline creamy

white.

?. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen testaceous yellowish grey. Fore-

wing opalescent hyaline buff; a hyaline grey dot in cell and subbasal band.

Hindwing opalescent hyaline cream-white.

Length of forewing: ¢ 11 mm., ? 13°5 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., April 1906 (A. S.

Meek).

309. Chamaita niveata sp. nov.

?. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen white.—Fore- and hindwing semi-

hyaline snow-white, a faint grey dot on end of cell.

Length of forewing: 115 mm.

Hab, Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, March 1911 (A. 8. Meek).

310. Palaeopsis testacea sp. nov.

do. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen pale, testaceous wood-brown.

Forewing greyish buff, clouded and powdered with brown scales ; an ocellus-like

stigma. Hindwing greyish buff, yellowish towards tornus.

Length of forewing : 8 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.B. British New Guinea, June 1907 (A. 8. Meek).

311. Palaeopsis suffusus sp. nov.

dg. Head, antennae, and thorax white; abdomen greyish white.——Forewing

¢cream-buff, suffused with rufous scales, denser towards apex and termen; a brown

spot on inner margin, on costa, and two brown streaks on discocellulars. Hind-

wing cream-white.

Length of forewing : 8 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, 5000 ft., British New Guinea, February 1906

(A. 8. Meek).

( 220 )

312. Nudaria variegata sp. nov.

3d. Head and thorax milk-white. Forewing milk-white; a subbasal, an

antemedian and two postmedian oblique irregular bands brown-buff.t—Hindwing

brown-buff.

Length of forewing : 7 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, August 1907 (A. S. Meek).

313. Nudaria chamaitoides sp. nov.

3. Resembles ? Chamaita griseobasis Rothsch.

Antennae pale yellowish brown; head and thorax cream-white; abdomen

whitish grey.——Forewing semihyaline milk-white washed with buff, somewhat

iridescent ; a few greyish indistinct marks on costa and margins.——Hindwing

semihyaline white.

?. More hyaline.

Length of forewing: ¢ 13 mm., ? 12 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., February—March

1906 (A. 8S. Meek).

314. Nudaria simillima sp. nov.

?. Resembles closely chamaitoides, but differs in having a median line of spots

and a toothed zigzag postmedian band.

fab, Angabunga River, affluent of St. Joseph’s River, British New Guinea,

6000 ft. and upwards, November 1904—February 1905 (A. S. Meek).

315. Gymnochroma plagiata sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae and thorax cream-white; abdomen dirty white———Fore-

wing cream-white ; irregular bands in basal half and large irregular patches in

outer half yellowish testaceous brown. Hindwing milk-white.

Length of forewing : 9 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, January 1906 (A. S. Meek).

Caprimimodes gen. noy.

Differs from Diduga in its very long filiform antennae and in having in hind-

wing veins 6 and 7 separate from cell, not stalked.

316, Caprimimodes mimetica sp. nov.

d. Antennae, head, and thorax black, a golden spot on onter edge of tegulae ;

abdomen black——Forewing black ; a large golden yellow patch occupying most

of the basal half, and a large rufous maroon patch occupying most of the apical

half ; a white median spot on fringe. Hindwing, basal two-fifths semibyaline

golden yellow washed with sooty slate, outer three-fifths black.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

Hab. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to

3500 ft., October—November 1910 (A. S. Meek).

This very remarkable insect is an exact mimic of Caprimima postvitrea —

Rothsch.

(220s)

317. Eugoa fasciata fasciata subsp. nov.

3. Antennae brown; head white; thorax chocolate, tegulae white; abdomen

brown-buff. Forewing chocolate; a snbbasal band to above vein 1, a median

band, and a semicircular subterminal band white. Hindwing : basal half buff,

outer half grey-brown,

Length of forewing: 11 mm.

Hab. Haidana, Collingwood Bay, North British New Guinea, April 1907

(A. S. Meek).

318. Eugoa fasciata subfasciata subsp. nov.

3. Differs from f. fasciata by having the semicircular subterminal band of

forewing almost obliterated between vein 5 and tornus, where there remains

spot.

Length of forewing : 125 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E, British New Guinea, July 1907 (A. S. Meek).

a white

319. Eugoa transfasciata sp. nov.

do. Antennae testaceous; head creamy white; thorax purplish chocolate,

tegulae, base of patagia and front of thorax creamy white ; abdomen baff.

Forewing creamy white ; curved antemedian and postmedian bands and a terminal

patch between veins 1 and 7 purplish chocolate. Hindwing buff, a dark spot at

apex.

Length of forewing : 13 mm.

Hab. Kumasi River, N.E. British New Guinea, July 1907 (A, S. Meek).

320. Eugoa similis sp. noy.

- $. Allied to bipunctatu.

Antennae pale brown; head cream-white ; thorax purplish chocolate, base

of patagia and front third of thorax cream-white ; abdomen grey-bnff.

Forewing white; a basal spot, an antemedian band, two large postmedian patches

joined by hair-line in median fold, and terminal band purplish chocolate, a white

spot in terminal band. Hindwing dirty buff strongly suffased with grey in outer

half.

Length of forewing : 13 mm.

Hab. Perak, 1800 ft., January 1897 (C. Curtis).

321, Eugoa sordida sp. nov.

g. Antennae brown ; head and thorax dirty white with mauve-grey patches ;

abdomen dirty buff, Forewing white; two subbasal spots, broad antemedian

and postmedian somewhat blurred transverse bands, and terminal band joined by

horizontal broad streaks to postmedian band dull brown, Hindwing buff.

Length of forewing : 15 mm,

Hab. Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Datch New Guinea, 2000—

3000 ft., September 1910 (A. 8S. Meek),

322. Eugoa mediopuncta mediopuncta subsp. nov.

3. Antennae rufous brown ; head whitish cream-colour :

; thorax whitish cream-

colour with mauve-brown patches ; abdomen greyish cream,— Forewing cream ;

( 222 )

a median black spot in median fold, an antemedian and a postmedian band pale

chocolate brown; in outer third of wing are some chocolate scaling and blurred

patches, some of which join postmedian band ; terminal line brown. Hindwing

buff, a brown terminal line and an indistinct almost obliterated median band of

brown scales.

Length of forewing: 8 mm.

Hab. Isabel Island, Solomon Islands, June 4—July 9, 1901 (A. S. Meek).

323. Eugoa mediopuncta sordidior subsp. nov.

3. Larger and greyer; outer third of forewing much more snffased; hind-

wing suffused with grey.

Length of forewing : 11 mm,

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, May 1907 (A. 8. Meek).

324. Eugoa aureoplagiata sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae and thorax iridescent golden yellow; abdomen buff.——

Forewing slate-grey ; base, costal area and apex broadly iridescent golden

yellow with an internal edging of glittering violet ; a large golden yellow patch

edged with and joined to a parple patch basad on inner margin. Hindwing

buff.

Length of forewing: 11 mm,

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, July 1907 (A. S. Meek).

325. Trischallis iridescens iridescens subsp. nov.

3. Antennae and head glittering golden yellow ; thorax iridescent coppery

mauve, tegulae and base of patagia glittering gulden yellow; abdomen golden

buff—Forewing golden yellow; base and, basal third of costa iridescent

coppery mauve; an antemedian semicircular band iridescent magenta blue, from

which proceeds outwards a slate-grey streak; terminal band and apex broadly

iridescent coppery mauve. Hindwing buff.

Length of forewing: 10 mm.

Hab, Mount Goliath, Central Datch New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1911 (A.

S. Meek).

326. Trischallis iridescens orientalis subsp. noy.

3. Differs from 7. iridescens in being smaller, paler and duller,

Length of forewing: 75—8 mm.

Hab. Haidana, Collingwood Bay, N. British New Guinea, April 1907; Kumnusi

River, N.E. British New Guinea, June 1907 (A. S. Meek).

Type, Haidana.

327. Hemonia schistacea sp. nov.

dé. Antennae, head and thorax bluish slate-grey ; abdomen dull buff.——

Forewing bluish slate-grey; three antemedian and a median spot, a subapico-

terminal arched line from costa one-third before apex to vein 1, and basal two-

thirds of costa black. Hindwing buffy white.

Length of forewing: 12 mm.

Hab. Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to

3500 ft., October—November 1910 (A. S. Meek).

( 223 )

328. Hemonia murina sp. nov.

?. Antennae pale brown; head and thorax mouse-grey; abdomen whitish

grey. Forewing mouse-grey; an apico-terminal band darker, median spot

black. Hindwing paler mouse-crey.

Length of forewing: 10°5—12 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.B. British New Guinea, June—Angust 1907 (A. S.

Meek).

329. Hemonia schistaceoalba sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae, and thorax brownish slate; abdomen cream-white, anal

tuft and valves whitish grey. Forewing milk-white; base, costal area, apex,

and terminal band to vein 1 slate-grey suffused with brown. Hindwing milk-

white.

Length of forewing: 11-5 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, June 1907 (A. S. Meek).

330. Hemonia simillima sp. nov.

2. Similar to orbiferana, but larger. Antennae brown; head and thorax

purple-slate; abdomen pale cream-buff. Forewing purple-slate; disc wood-

brown suffased with purple-slate, a discozellular stigma and large spot above

vein 1 orange, two curved zigzag black lines from costa beyond middle to termen

above tornus. Hindwing pale cream-buff.

Length of forewing: 13 mm.

Hab. Haidana, Collingwood Bay, N. British New Gainea, April 1907 ; Kumusi

River, N.E. British New Guinea, July 1907 (A. S. Meek).

Type, Haidana.

The following species are out of order becanse they were not found to be

distinct till after the bulk of the article had gone to press :

331. Nishada fuscofascia sp. nov.

?. Antennae dark brown ; head orange-golden ; thorax purple-brown with three

orange-golden patches; tegulae orange-golden with central purple-brown spot;

abdomen greyish brown. Forewing wood-brown with violet gloss, a broad

postmedian band and a terminal band darker purple-brown. Hindwing pale

buffish wood-brown.

Length of forewing: 14 mm.

Hab. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, March 1911 (A. S. Meek).

332. Nishada louisiadensis sp. nov.

g. Entirely testaceous buff; hindwing paler ; forewing powdered with purple-

brown scales, denser beyond middle, where they form an obsolescent band ; a disco-

cellular ring-like stigma brown.

Length of forewing : 13 mm.

Hab. Sud-Est Island, Lonisiade Islands, April 1893 (A. S. Meek),

( 224 )

333. Nishada aurantiaca sp. nov.

do. Antennae orange; head, frons orange, vertex purple-chocolate ; thorax

purple-chocolate, edges of tegulae orange ; abdomen above purple-chocolate, anal

tuft orange ; from each side of second segment proceed tufts of long orange hair

reaching beyond the end of abdomen. Forewing purple-chocolate, basal two-

thirds of costal area orange. Hindwing orange, terminal band purple-chocolate,

Length of forewing : 19 mm.

Hab. Voli Toli, North Celebes, November—December 1895 (H. Fruhstorfer),

334, Agylla rufifrons virago subsp. nov.

3. Differs from 7. rufifrons in having the forewings sooty black, not greyish

wood-brown, and in having the hindwings orange,

%. Differs by the orange-buff longitudinal band below vein 1 being present, as

in the 3.

Hab. Horisha, Formosa.

335. Agylla virilis sp. nov.

¥. Resembles ¢ of ramelana Moore, but has the oblique postmedian band of

equal width at costa and inner margin and quite black. Spots on hindwing smaller,

Length of forewing: 27 mm.

Hab. Horisha, Formosa.

336. Procrimima schistacea sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen blackish slate-grey—— Forewing

blackish slate-grey ; costa strongly arched before the middle and then suddenly

excised.-——Hindwing paler slate-grey; a large pocket-like scent organ, containing

long hairs and androconial scales, above vein 1.

Length of forewing : 12 mm.

Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, Peru, 6500 ft., April 1902, dry season

(G. R. Ockenden).

337. Narasodes fasciata sp. nov.

3. Head orange-buff; antennae dark grey; thorax greyish chocolate-brown ;

abdomen brownish grey. Forewing orange-buff; a median somewhat oblique

band and a terminal band greyish chocolate-brown.—Hindwing brownish bufty

grey.

Length of forewing : 7 mm.

Hab. Milne Bay, British New Guinea, January 1899 (A. S. Meek).

338. Manoba rufofasciata sp. nov.

?. Entirely silvery ash-grey; basal two-fifths of costa of forewing strongly

arched and black, an antemedian rofons chestnut oblique band curving ont towards ©

tornus below vein 1; beyond this band are some patches of scattered black scales,

There are also some patches of scattered black scales on the hindwing.

Length of forewing : 6 mm.

Hab. Milne Bay, British New Guinea, December 1898 (A. 8S. Meek).

( 225 )

339. Manoba postpuncta sp. nov.

6. Antennae, head, and thorax snow-white; abdomen greyish white.

Forewing white ; a basal, two discal, and terminal smear-like bands dirty brownish

yellow. Hindwing white with various yellowish smears and a large brown

discocellar stigma.

Length of forewing : 8°5 mm.

Hab, Milne Bay, British New Guinea, December 1898 (A. 8S. Meek).

340. Chionaema punctistrigosa sp. nov.

3. Antennae pale brown; head and thorax testaceous yellowish grey, thorax

and base of patagia spotted with black ; abdomen grey-brown, two basal segments

heavily clothed with golden buff hair, anal tuft golden buff. Forewing testaceous

yellowish grey ; basal two-thirds with a number of black spots, the largest running

from middle of inner margin to median fold; outer third clouded with sooty

grey, and with sooty grey curved and zigzag lines. Hindwing: basal two-thirds

orange-buff, outer third sooty blackish grey,

Length of forewing: 15°5 mm.

Hab. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1911

(A. 8. Meek).

341. Illice unifascia sp. noy.

3. Antennae black; head and thorax brownish slate, tegulae orange rufous ;

abdomen crimson-scarlet. Forewing brownish slate, terminal edge and outer

half from inner margin to below vein 3 darker ; an antemedian transverse orange-

buff band expanding widely from fold below subcostal vein to inner margin.

Hindwing crimson-scarlet edged with brown-black from costa before apex to

vein 2.

Length of forewing: 9 mm.

Hab, Muzo, Rio Cantinero, Colombia, 400 metres (A. H. Fassl).

342. Miltochrista aureorosea sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae, and thorax orange golden, thorax and patagia spotted

with black ; abdomen, basal half buff, outer half golden orange washed with

scarlet, Forewing: basal two-thirds orange golden, outer third and inner

margin scarlet ; a basal dot, antemedian and median zigzag lines, a postmedian

very broad band containing indications of a row of red spots, and termen brownish

slate-grey. Hindwing rose edged with slate.

Length of forewing : 11 mm.

Hab. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000—7000 ft., February

1911 (A. 8. Meek).

343. Miltochrista coccineotermen sp. nov.

?. Head, antennae, and thorax golden yellow, a fuscous dot on patagia ;

abdomen buff. Forewing golden yellow, a broad terminal band of crimson-scarlet ;

two basal and a subbasal dots, antemedian and median zigzag lines, a postmedian

dot, a double zigzag postdiscal line joined by two streaks to fringe, and fringe

brownish slate-——Hindwing pale buff, fringe dirty grey.

Length of forewing : 11—14 mm.

Hab. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1911

(A. 5S. Meek).

344, Miltochrista intensa sp. nov.

g. Antennae scarlet; head and thorax reddish scarlet edged and spotted with

slaty grey-black; abdomen buffy brown washed with dull scarlet. Forewing

scarlet, terminal fifth deep crimson carmine; costa, termen, and outer fifth of

inner margin black, with large median scarlet patch on costa; basal fourth

and median portion of outer half between veins 2 and 7 strongly suffused with

grey slate-brown ; median crossed bands with several streamers dark bluish-slate.

—Hlindwing salmon washed with carmine. A second male has the dark bands

and suffusion much accentuated, while a third is altogether paler and has them

much reduced.

Length of forewing : 16—19 mm,

Tlab. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000 ft. March 1911

(A. S. Meek).

345. Utriculifera muricolor sp. uov.

3. Wholly yellowy brownish monse-grey ; some spots on costa, a median dot

and a terminal row of spots on forewing dark brown.

Length of forewing : 7 mm.

Hab. Milne Bay, British New Guinea, December 1898 (A. S. Meek).

346. Eugoa fascirrorata sp. nov.

3g. Antennae brown; head whitish ; thorax chocolate brown, variegated with

pale brown; abdomen pale yellowish wood-brown. Forewing silvery whitish

grey ; broad antemedian and postmedian irregular bands, and a terminal row of dots

chocolate; fringe pale brown.—Hindwing dark brown-grey.

Length of forewing: 9°5 mm,

Hab. Coomooboolaroo, Duaringa, N. Queensland (A. 8. Meek).

347. Eugoa perfasciata sp. nov.

9. Very close to fasciata Rothsch., but white bands wider and basal one goes

right through to inner margin.

Length of forewing: 10 mm.

Hab. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1911

(A. S. Meek).

348. Eugoa irregularis sp, nov.

3. Antennae dark brown ; head and thorax white, a patch on thorax and hind

edge of tegulae dark brown ; abdomen monse-grey.——Forewing white ; an ante-

median band, two broken postmedian irregular bands, and a terminal band dark

grey-brown.—Hindwing monse-grey. :

Length of forewing: 10 mm,

Hab. Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1911

(A. S. Meek). :

CRITICAL NOTES ON THE TYPES OF LITTLE-KNOWN

SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL BIRDS.—Parr II.*

By C. E. HELLMAYR.

if the following lines I propose to discuss another series of type-specimens

which I have had the opportunity of examining during the last six years,

and it is hoped that these notes may not be devoid of interest to the student of

neotropical ornithology. Acknowledgments for the loan of material are due to

the same gentlemen as mentioned in the first part of this paper, and also to Dr,

J. A. Allen, Mr. O. Bangs, Dr. Hans Gadow, and Mr. fF. V. McConnell.

48, Thryothorus coraya and allies.

Among South American Wrens this is unquestionably the most puzzling and

most difficult group. It embraces seven or eight races which, although sometimes

separated by wide tracts of country, differ one from another only in slight, but

fairly constant characters. For a long time the typical 7. coraya, “ Le Coraya de

Cayenne” of Buffon and Daubenton, was the only recognised form whose range

was supposed to extend over nearly the whole Amazonian subregion from French

Guiana to the eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador and Pern. The first attempt

to discriminate local races of this wide-ranging bird was made by the late

R. B. Sharpe, who, in 1881, described Thryothorus amazonicus from the Ucayali,

and 1. griseipectus from the north bank of the Marafion.t In 1903 the present

writer} gave a short review of the known forms, which, in the light of the

ample material now at hand, requires considerable modification. Quite recently

Lord Brabourne and Mr. Chubb § have dealt with the Guianan representatives of

the group, but being unfamiliar with the variation of these birds, and unacquainted

with the existing literature, they have fallen into several errors, and added,

farthermore, to the confusion by creating two useless synonyms. || So much about

the previous papers relating to the subject.

The careful study of a large series leaves no doubt that 7. coraya, T. ridgway?,

T. amazonicus, T. griseipectus, T. griseipectus caurensis, T. herberti, and T. cantator

are merely representatives of the same specitic type, agreeing with one another in

all essential points, and replacing each other geographically. It is probable that

T. albiventris Tacz. {| also belongs to this group; unfortunately I have not been able

to secure an example of this rare species,

The total of specimens examined in the present connection amounts to seventy-

two—certainly a far greater number than has yet been at the disposition of any

* Part L. ; Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906, pp. 805-52.

1 Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. pp. 235, 236.

} Journ. fiir Ornith. 51, pp. 532-4,

§ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8 ser.) x, August 1912, pp. 261-2.

|| In the same paper the authors propose the new name Pteroglossus roraimae, which, again, is only

a synonym of P, aracari atricollis (P. L. 8. Miill.). See Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix, 1902,

p. 102; Berlepsch, Vov. Zool. xv, 1908, p. 281; Hellmayr, J.c. xvii, 1910, p. 397.—The record of Tham-

nophilus borbae from British Guiana is likewise a mistake, the birds from that country being referable

to T. major semifasciatus (Cab.), which has a wide range in northern South America.

4 P.Z.8. Lond. 1882, p. 5 (1882.—Chirimoto, N. Peru).

( 228 )

monographer. Before proceeding to the account of the various races it may be

stated that adult males and females do not differ in coloration ; the latter are,

however, smaller, and have a shorter, slenderer bill. Young birds of both sexes

are much more brownish beneath, the white markings on the sides of the head

are dingy, ill-defined, sometimes even obsolete, the upper parts duller as well as

darker, ete.

SYNOPSIS OF THE SUBSPECIES OF Jhryothorus coraya.

1. Thryothorus coraya coraya (Gm.).

Turdus Coraya Gmelin, Syst, Nat. 1, ii. p. 825 (1789.—based on “ Le Coraya de Cayenne,”

Daubenton, PI. enl. 701, fig. 1, and Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois. iv. p. 454).

Thryothorus melanos Vieillot, Nouv, Dict. 34, p. 56 (1819.—“ Brésil” ; coll. Laugier).

T. oyapocensis Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Mus. x. 1887, p. 516, note (1888.—Oyapoe, Cayenne).

T. coraya Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i, p. 48 (part. : Barra do Rio Negro) ; Berlepsch, Nov, Zool,

xv. 1908, p. 106 (Approuague, Ipousin, French Guiana).

T. coraya covaya Hellmayr, Journ. f. Orn. 51, 1903, p. 532 (part. ; Cayenne).

T. coraya herberti (errore!) Hellmayr, Journ. f. Orn. 51, 1903, p. 533 (part. ; specimen ex Barra

do Rio Negro).

T. oyapocensis oyapocensis Brabourne & Chubb, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) x. 1912, p. 262 (French

Guiana).

Hab. French Guiana: Cayenne, Ipousin, Appronagne (Cherrie), Oyapoc

(Jelski), Saint-Jean-da-Maroni (Le Moult); Snrinam: near Paramaribo (Chunkoo).

North Brazil : Barra do Rio Negro [= Manios] (Natterer).

Adult—Upper parts rafous brown, duller on crown and nape; upper tail-

coverts dull rufescent brown, either uniform or with traces of dusky cross-lines ;

rectrices regularly barred with blackish and greyish brown or dingy grey, the light

bars towards the base of the tail often slightly tinged with fulvous. Sides of

head and neck black, varied with numerous well-defined white shaft-stripes ;

a very distinct superciliary line white. Below: throat and foreneck white, the

latter tinged with pale greyish ; middle of breast and abdomen dull greyish white

or dingy buftish, chest clouded with brownish; sides of the body extensively

fulvous-brown ; under tail-coverts somewhat paler, barred with dusky.

Juv.—Ditfer by having the sides of the head sooty blackish with obsolete,

greyish white markings ; the crown and nape brighter rafous brown; the throat

more greyish, the foreneck smoky grey, and the remainder of the under parts nearly

uniform fulvous brown, there being but a few buffy white feathers in the middle

of the breast. The basal half of the lower mandible is bright yellow, abruptly

defined against the blackish tip, while in adult birds the under bill is wholly

horn-grey.

Material.—1 8 ad. Barra do Rio Negro, 10 from French Guiana, 1 imm. from

Surinam. Specimens from different localities average as follows :

Four adult males from Cayenne (French

Guiana) . . : : : . Wing 59-61; tail 53-56 ; bill 17-18 mm.

One adult male from Barra do Rio Negro,

Brazil . : s : : . Wing 62; tail 57 ; bill 16 mm.

One adult female from Cayenne . . Wing 58; tail 53 ; bill 17 mm.

One immature (not sexed) from Surinam Wing 59; tail57; bill 15} mm.

Observations.—The series from Cayenne and Surinam is fairly uniform. An

adult male from Saint-Jean-du-Maroni is rather lighter rufous on the back,

approaching 7. c. amazonicus, though otherwise it is quite typical. The single

( 229 )

Brazilian specimen, a perfectly adult male, agrees in every way with Cayenne skins

and belongs undoubtedly to the present race. It is one of the two examples

referred to as 7. coraya herberti Ridgw. in my paper quoted above. How this

mistake could have been committed I am at a loss to understand. In fact, the

Manios specimen differs from that taken at Cara-rauct (which will be discussed

later on) by much darker, more chestnut-brown upper parts, dingy grey (instead

of cinnamon-brown) tail, more extended as well as much brighter fulvous-brown

colour on the sides of the body, distinct white markings on the cheeks and ear-

coyerts, and by baving the chest clouded with brownish. In all these characters

it is practically identical with Cayenne examples. 7. c. coraya ranges, therefore,

from French Guiana south to the north bank of the Amazons.

Nomenclature-—Messrs. Brabourne and Chubb accept for the Cayenne bird

the name 7. oyapocensis Ridgw., under the assumption that Daubenton’s plate

represents the race from the Roraima Mountains in British Guiana. However, this

view cannot be upheld for several] reasons. Firstly, on reference to Buffon’s work *

we find that the deseription of “ Le Coraya’’ f evidently applies to the ordinary

Cayenne bird, which, moreover, is the only Wren of this group occurring in the

French colony. Secondly, the interior of British Guiana was literally unknown at

the time of Buffon’s writing ; and it was not until 1842 that Richard Schomburgk,

as the tirst European traveller, reached the distant mountain chain of which

Roraima is the culminating peak. Daubeuton’s figure with uniform fulvous-brown

belly might well have been taken from a young bird in which, as said above, the

greyish white middle line is nearly wanting.

2. Thryothorus coraya griseigula (Lawr.).

Formicivora griseigula Lawrence, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. ii, no, 12. p. 382 (June 1883.—British

Guiana) ; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H, ii. 1889, p. 151 (juv.).

Thryothorus coraya (nec Gmelin) Cabanis in; Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana iii. 1848, p, 674

(“ Kiistenwalder,” Brit. Guiana) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 234 (part., descr. and hab.

Bartica Grove) ; Salvin, /bis. 1885, p. 201 (Bartica Grove, Merumé, Roraima Mts.).

T. ridgwayi Berlepsch, Journ. f. Orn. 37, p. 293 (1889—Brit, Guiana; the type is from Bartica

Grove) ; Hellmayr, /.c. 51, 1903, p. 534 (crit., Bartica Grove [type], Camacusa).

7. coraya berlepschi Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, (8) x. p. 262 (1912,—Bartica

Grove).

TY. oyapocensis ituribisciensis Brabourne and Chubb, /.c. p. 262 (Ituribisce, Brit. Guiana).

Hab, British Guiana: Bartica Grove, Merumé Mountains, Roraima, Carimang

River, Camacusa (H. Whitely), Supernaam,t Camacabra Creek, Ituribisce § (F. V.

McConnell).

Adult.—Much like 7. coraya coraya, but differs by having the under parts

(except throat and foreneck) strongly washed with ochreous brown or tawny

ochraceous. In all other characters, viz. rafous brown colour of upper parts, greyish

brown tail-bands, distinct white stripes on sides of head, ete., it closely resembles

the typical race.

Juv.—Breast and abdomen uniform rufous-brown, much darker than in the

corresponding stage of 7. ¢. coraya.

Material.—| 8 ad. (type of T. ridgway?), 1 & vix ad. (type of 7. coraya ber-

* Hist. Nat. Ois, iv. p. 484.

+ “ La gorge et le devant du cou sont blancs,,la poitrine est moins blanche et prend une teinte de

cendré; il y a un peu de roussdtre sous le ventre et sur les jambes.”

¢ Spelt “Supinaam” \on the map in R. Schomburgk’s Reisen in British Guiana, vol, ii. Leipzig,

§ Spelt “ Itterbiesje” 1847,

( 230 )-

lepschi), 1 imm. from Bartica Grove; 1 ad. Great Falls ; 1 Camacabra Creek ;

4 Supernaam ; 4 Ituribisce; 8 d $ Roraima; 1 2 ad. Camacusa; 1 d vix ad.

R. Carimang.

Specimens from different localities average as follows :

Six males from the coast district

(Bartica, etc.) . Wing 60-63 ; tail 56-58; bill 15-16 mm.

Two males from the inodatate (Cari-

mang, Roraima) . ; a Wane Oli. tail 59, 62; bill 15,16 mm.

Six females from the coast district . Wing 57-59; tail 53-56 ; bill 15-16 mm.

Six females from the mountains

(Camacusa, Roraima) . ‘ . Wing 55-57 ; tail 52-57 ; bill 15 mm.

Observations.—Messrs. Brabourne aod Chubb, in the paper quoted above,

distinguish three races as occurring in British Guiana under the names of

1. coraya coraya (Roraima), 7. c. berlepschi (Bartica Grove), and 7. oyapocensis

ituribisciensis (Ituribisce district). Mr. I. V. McConnell very kindly forwarded

for my inspection his entire series of Wrens which had formed the basis of their

conclusions. This material, supplemented by the specimens in the Munich, Tring

and Berlepsch Collections, and including the types of 7. ridgwayi, T. berlepschi, and

T. 0. ituribisciensis I have carefully studied, with the result that I find there exists in

British Guiana but one form, which is entitled to the name 7. c. griseigula (Lawr.).

Let us first consider the inhabitants of the lowland districts, which, according

to Brabourne and Chubb, are referable to two races, one with dull fulvons under-

parts (7. c. berlepschi), the other with greyish middle line (7. 0. itwribisciensis).

On comparing fifteen specimens I notice that three from Bartica Grove

(including the types of 7. ridgwayi and T. berlepschi), and an adult male from

Supernaam are much the darkest, the under parts posterior to the white throat and

foreneck being nearly uniform bright tawny ochraceous. Then follow two skins

from the “Great Falls” and Camacabra Creek with a somewhat duller, more

brownish ochraceous belly, which in the last-named bird passes into a paler, more

brownish buff tinge along the middle line. Next come two males from Ituribisce

(one the type of 7. 0. ‘turibisciensis) in which the under parts are mainly buffy brown,

darkening to ochreous brown on the flanks. An adalt bird from Supernaam is

closely similar, but the middle of the abdomen is rather more greyish brown and

the sides are decidedly darker. Finally, two males (adult and immature) from

Supernaam and Ituribisce are even more greyish in the middle, and, except for the

slightly darker sides, they are not distinguishable from average Cayenne specimens,

ie. T. c. coraya. From the above, it will be seen that the variation is purely

individual and not connected with any particular geographic area. It should also

be borne in mind that the Ituribisce is in the same district as the Supernaam, both

rivers draining their waters through the plains into St. James’ Canal (mouth of

the Essequibo). The conditions for the development of a peculiar form are, therefore,

hardly given.

Messrs. Brabourne and Chubb, furthermore, consider the birds from the moun-

tainous interior (Roraima) to be distinguishable by their lighter “chestnut” back

and brighter fulyous underparts. The majority of my skins from the mountains

are indeed of a clearer ochraceous beneath, but several are not different from the

type of 7. ridgwayi (ex Bartica Grove), whereas a male from the Carimang River

(Roraima district), in the dull ochreous-brown belly, exactly matches some of the —

( 231 )

lowland examples. In the shade of the upper parts I cannot discover any constant

difference between the two series. Adult Roraima birds are by no means lighter

rufous brown than those from Bartica Grove or Supernaam, and for the present Iam

unable to discriminate more than one form in British Guiana.

Thus, 7. ec. griseigula may be characterised as being similar to 7. c. coraya,

but as a rule easily distinguishable by the ochraceous or ochreous brown colour

of the lower parts, though occasionally specimens may be found which closely

resemble the typical race.

Nomenclature—The earliest available name is apparently Formicivora

griseigula, founded upon an immature example from British Guiana. The de-

scription leaves no doubt as to its identity, which, moreover, has been confirmed by

Dr. J. A. Allen through examination of the type specimen.

3. Thryothorus coraya herberti Ridgw.

Thryothorus herberti (Riker MS.) Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Mus, x. 1887, p. 516 (1888.—Diamantina,

near Santarem, Lower Amazons) ; Chapman and Riker, Aw, vii. 1890, p. 266 (Diamantina).

T. coraya herberti Hellmayr, Journ. f. Orn. 51. 1903, p. 533 (part.: Cara-rauct).

T. coraya (errore) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 48 (part : Cara-raucu, Lower Amazons).

Hab.—North Brazil, south bank of the Lower Amazons: Diamantina, near

Santarem (Riker), Cara-raucn (Natterer).

Adult.—Nearest to 7. coraya coraya, from Cayenne and Manios, but differs

by having the sides of the head almost uniform black (relieved only by a very

narrow, inconspicuous, white superciliary streak and a few extremely narrow lines,

of the same on auriculars); the upper parts much brighter, more chestnut rafous ;

the light tail-bands cinnamon-brown instead of dull greyish; the foreneck and

chest more purely buffy grey without brownish suffusion; and the flanks less

extensively as also paler rufescent brown.

Material—One ¢ ad. from Cara-rauci, Lower Amazons, J. Natterer coll.,

Vienna Museum. Wing 62; tail 58 ; bill 164 mm.

Observations.—This specimen agrees very well with Mr. Ridgway’s description,

and appears to be decidedly distinct from 7. c. coraya. The pileum and nape are

dull sepia brown, slightly tinged with umber or rufescent, the remaining upper

parts, including wing- and tail-coverts, bright chestnut rufous. Underneath it

resembles the Cayenne form, but the breast is somewhat ;paler and lacks the

brownish suffasion, while the flanks are lighter brown. There is, however, no

difference between the two races either in size or in the shape of the bill. From

T. coraya amazonicus, of Upper Amazonia, 7. c. herberti may be distinguished by

the reduction of the white markings on sides of head, by the cinnamon-brown

(instead of dull greyish) tail-bands and by the bright chestnut-rufous upper parts.

Seen from below the two races are perfectly alike.

4. Thryothorus coraya amazonicus Sharpe.

Thryothorus amazonicus Sharpe, Cat, B. Brit. Mus, vi. p. 235, tab. 15, fig. 1 (1881.—Sarayagu,

Ucayali, Eastern Peru) ; Berlepsch, Journ. f. Orn, 37, 1889, p. 293 (Yurimaguas).

T. coraya amazonicus Hellmayr, Journ. f. Orn. 51, 1903, p. 533 (crit.; Yurimaguas),

7. coraya (errore) Sclater and Salvin, P.Z.S. Lond, 1866, p. 178 (part.: Sarayagu) ; lidem, /.c.

1873, p. 257 (part.; Sarayacu) : Taczanowski, P.Z.S. 1882, p. 5 (Yurimaguas).

Hab.—Northern Peru, south of the Maranon: Sarayacu, Ucayali R. (Bartlett) ;

Yurimaguas, Hoallaga R. (Stolzmann, Garlepp).

Adult.—Much like 7. c. coraya, and only distinguishable by its lighter, rufous-

brown upper parts and Jess rufescent-brown flanks. The bill is by no means

( 232 )

stronger than in adult birds of 7. c. coraya, and the dusky barring of the upper

tail-coverts upon which Dr. Sharpe and Count Berlepsch laid much stress is not a

constant feature either. The light-coloured tail-bands are dingy greyish or ashy,

only the basal ones slightly tinged with fulvous, exactly as in 7. ¢. coraya, with

which 7. ¢c. amazonicus also agrees in haying a very distinct superciliary stripe and

numerous white longitudinal streaks on the ear-coverts,

Material—1 3,13 imm. from Sarayacu, Bartlett coll., in British (type) and

Tring Museums ; 1 d ad. Yurimagnas, G. Garlepp coll., Mus, H. y. Berlepsch.

Two males from Sarayacu . . Wing 69,61; tail 61,51; bill 18,174 mm.

One male from Yurimagnas . : . Wing 62; tail 56; bill 174 mm.

Observations.—The type (from Sarayacu) and the Yurimaguas specimen have

the foreneck and chest pale greyish white, clouded with brownish (like 7. c. coraya),

while the second (immature) male from the Ucayali shows a distinct buff wash all

over the middle of the belly. The upper tail-coverts are nearly uniform rufous-

brown in the Yurimaguas bird, but strongly barred with blackish in the two

Sarayacu skins.

5. Thryothorus coraya cantator Tacz.

Thryothorus cantator Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 130 (1874.—Amable Maria,

Montaiia de Vitoc, Central Perv) ; i

; idem, l.c. p. 504 (Amable Maria) ; Berlepsch and Stolzmann,

P.Z., 1896, p. 328 (a Merced, La Gloria, Central Peru ; two 9? 9).

Hab.—Central Peru, dept. Junin: Amable Maria (Jelski), La Merced, La

Gloria (Kalinowski), Chanchamayo (Sehunke).

Adult.—Differs from T. coraya amazonicus by lacking the white streaks on

sides of head, and by having the tail-bands bright cinnamon-brown (instead of dull

ashy or brownish grey). The white superciliary stripe is barely indicated by a

few minute, obsolete lines above the auricular region.

Material.—1 38 ad., 1 2 imm. from Chanchamayo, obtained by Mr. C. 0.

Schunke in February 1909, in the Zoological Museum of Munich.

dad. Wing 65; tail 56; bill 15 mm.

?imm. Wing 64; tail 57}; bill 16 mm.

Observations—The two specimens agree in general coloration with the pre-

ceding race. The back and outer margins of the remiges show exactly the

same light (cinnamon) rnfous-brown tinge; the foreneck is pale greyish buff,

passing into a purer buffy along the middle of the abdomen; the sides are clear

fulvous brown. From 7. coraya herberti they may be distinguished by the much

paler rufous upper parts and flanks, as also by the greater reduction of the white

markings on the “mask,” the auriculars being quite uniform blackish and the

superciliary line barely visible.

6. Thryothorus coraya griseipectus Sharpe.

Thryothorus griseipectus Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 236. tab, 15. fig. 2 (1881.—N.E. Peru:

Nauta [type], Pebas, Loretoyacu ; Eastern Ecuador: Sarayacu); Taczanowski, Orn. Pérou,

i. 1884, p. 517 (Iquitos, Nauta, Pebas, etc.) ; Goodfellow, Zbis, 1901. p. 313 (Archidona,

E. Ecuador).

T. coraya (errore) Sclater, P.Z.S. 1858, p. 64 (Rio Napo, East Ecuador); Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras.

i. 1867. p. 48 (part.: Rio Negro betw. S. Isabel and Castanheiro, Marabitanas, Rio Icanna); —

Sclater and Salvin, P.Z.S. 1866, p. 178 (part. : Nauta) ; iidem, /.c. 1867, p. 977 (Pebas) ; iidem,

lc. 1873, p. 257 (part: Nauta, Pebas).

T. coraya coraya (errore) Hellmayr, Journ, f. Orn. 51, 1903, p. 532 (part.; Marabitanas, Rio Tan

Rio Negro).

( 233 )

Hab. North-eastern Pern, north bank of the Maraiion ; Nauta (Bartlett), Pebas,

Rio Tigré (Hauxwell), Iquitos (Whitely) ; Eastern Ecuador : Rio Napo (Verreaux),

Archidona (Goodfellow), Catapino (Petit), Sarayagn (Buckley); N.W. Brazil,

Rio Negro district: Marabitanas, R. Icanna, between S. Isabel and Castanheiro

(Natterer).

Adult—Differs from T. ¢. coraya and T. c, amazonicus by much darker chestnut-

brown upper parts ; pale fulvous (instead of greyish brown) tail-bands ; by having

the lower surface posterior to the throat distinctly ashy grey, without any brownish

suffusion on the chest, the sides of the body alone being dark russet brown, Size

generally less, especially the bill weaker and slenderer.

Material. 5 33, 222, Nauta (including the type), in British and Tring

Museums ; 1 ? ad., Pebas, Brit. Museum; 2 dd ad., Rio Tigré, Mus. H. v. Ber-

lepsch; 1 3 ad., Catapino, 1 ? imm., Archidona, in Tring Museum ; 3 ad. (not sexed),

Sarayacu, in Brit. and Berlepsch Museums; 4 dd ad., 1 ? ad., 1 ? jr., Upper Rio

Negro (Marabitanas, Icanna, Castanheiro), Natterer coll., in Vienna and Munich

Museums.

Specimens from different localities average as follows :

Four males from Nauta. . Wing 63-65 ; tail 55-60; bill [damaged].

Two females from Nauta. . Wing 59, 60; tail 50 ; bill [damaged].

Two males from Rio Tigré . . Wing 60, 64; tail 51,56; bill 17 mm.

Two males from Eastern Ecuador Wing 62,65; tail 55,574 ; bill 18 mm.

One female from Eastern Ecuador Wing 59 ; tail 53 ; bill 16 mm.

Four males from the Upper Rio

Negro . : ; Wing 58-61 ; tail 50-55; bill 15-16 mm.

Two females from the Upper Rio

Negro . . 5 . . Wing 57; tail 47 ; bill 144-15 mm,

Observations —The typical Peruvian birds when compared with a series from

Cayenne are much deeper, chestnut brown above, and have the median portion of the

breast and abdomen more decidedly ashy grey, the chest being by no means clouded

or washed with brownish. The sides of the belly are extensively and dark rufous

brown, as in 7. ¢. coraya, but the upper tail-coverts are much darker, without traces

of dusky barring. There is a very distinct white superciliary stripe, also the sides

of the head are strongly streaked with white. Birds from Hastern Neuador are

practically identical with the Peruvian ones. ‘he series from the Rio Negro, how-

eyer, differ slightly: they are smaller, with the bill notably so, and the upper parts

are still deeper chestnut brown. In the small size they agree with 7. ¢. caurensis,

but have much more rufous-brown on the flanks. In a previous communication on

this subject I have referred them to 7. c. coraya, from which they are, however,

obyionsly distinct.

All the above examples are distinguished by having the tail-bands light

fulvous (that is, neither bright cinnamon as in 7. ¢. herderti, nor dull greyish

brown as in 7c. coraya). The upper mandible is black, the lower one horn-grey

with light tip.

7. Thryothorus coraya caurensis Berl, and Hart.

Thryothorus griseipectus caurensis Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. p. 7 (1902,—Nicare,

Caura River, East Venezuela).

Hab. Fastern Venezuela, Caura Valley : Nicare, La Pricion (H. André).

( 234 )

Adult.—Agrees in all essential characters with TJ. ¢c. griseipectus, but the

whole of the lower parts (except throat) is ashy grey, only the innermost sides

of the belly being much paler russet-brown.

Material—8 83, 4 2% from the Canra (including the type), six in the

Munich, five in the Tring Museum.

Eight males. F - \ . Wing 61-64 ; tail 50-55 ; bill 164-18 mm.

Four females. A 5 3 . Wing 56-58 ; tail 45-49 ; bill 15-16 mm.

Observations.—I am not very confident as to the distinctness of this form,

which additional material from intervening countries may prove to be inseparable

from 7. c. griseipectus, although the twelve Canra specimens have certainly less

rufescent-brown suffusion on the flanks. The alleged difference in the colour of

the lower mandible does not exist. The original describers were deceived by the

defective state of the Nauta specimens, all of which had lost the corneous tegument

of the bill. In fresh skins from Pern and Ecuador the under mandible is horny

grey, with lighter tip, exactly as in the Caura series.

49. Cyclarhis atrirostris Scl. = Cyclarhis nigrirostris Lafr. juv.

Cyclorhis nigrirostris Lafresnaye, Rev, Zool. v. p. 133 (1842.—* in Colombia,” sc. Bogota).

Cyclorhis atrirostris Sclater, /bis (5) v, p, 324. tab. x. (1887.—Ecuador, Buckley coll., type in

British Museum).

No 1. Mas. Brit. “gd juv. Camino de Manabi, Ecuador, C. Buckley coll.

e Maseo Salvin and Godman.” Type of C. atrirostris Sel.

Wing 79; tail 67; bill 17 mm.

The careful comparison of the type specimen with a large series from Colombia,

(Bogota, Antioquia) and Ecuador proves it to be a very young example of C. nigri-

rostris. Unmistakable signs of immaturity are the pale cinnamon tips to the

greater upper wing-coverts, the pointed rectrices, and the peculiar texture of the

feathers on the flanks and crissum. Moreover, the pileum is still covered with

the characteristic, fluffy, dull reddish cinnamon feathers of the nestling, which

extend, in a wide stripe, over the temporal region to the sides of the nape. Dr,

Sclater mistook these stripes for “ superciliaries,” while, in fact, they are bat

remains of the juvenile plumage. The real superciliary streak, indicated by several

dark chestnut feathers, is by no means more extended than in average specimens of

C. nigrirostris, reaching as far as the posterior border of the eye. Newly-grown

feathers that are to be observed here and there between the rufous ones have

exactly the same colour as in adult C. nigrirostris, being cinereous on the forehead,

bright green on the crown and temporal region. The coloration of the under parts

agrees minutely with that of adult birds, except that the inner margin of the

remiges is somewhat brighter yellow. The bill lacks the abruptly defined pale

basal spot, the corresponding portion of the mandible being dark brown, but

slightly lighter than the black apical half. An immature Bogoté skin in the

Munich Museum is intermediate in that respect.

C. atrirostris must, therefore, be relegated to the synonymy of C. xigrirostris,

since constant differences between Ecuadorian and Colombian specimens do not

appear to exist. Generally birds from Bogotd and Eastern Ecuador (Baeza) have

rather smaller bills than those from Western Ecuador (Gualea, Milligalli), but there

are numerous exceptions to these rales. In coloration they are perfectly alike.

Specimens from different localities average as follows :

Five adults from Bogoti . P Wing 74-75; tail 62-65; bill 15-164 mm.

Three adults from Antioquia (Santa

Elena) : Wing 75-79 ; tail 63-67; bill 16-18 mm.

One adult male Ran Baez: East

Ecuador. ; Wing 79; tail 65 ; bill 17 mm.

One adult female from Baeza: East

Ecuador . ; : ? . Wing 75; tail 62 ; bill 16 mm.

Two adult males from Western

Ecuador (Gualea, Milligalli) . Wing 76, 77; tail 63,64; bill 17-18 mm.

50. Hylophilus brunneus Allen = Myrmotherula schisticolor sanctae-

martae Allen ? !

[Formicivora schisticolor Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. H. viii. p. 173 (1868—Turrialba, Costa Rica).]

Myrmotherwa sanctae-martae Allen, Bull, Amer. Mus. N. H. xiii, p, 160 (1900,—Valparaiso, Santa

Marta, Colombia; descr, g ad.)

Hylophilus brunneus Allen, J. c. p. 171 (1900.—Las Nubes, Santa Marta, Colombia ; descr. ? ).

No. 1. American Museum Nat. Hist. No. 70,572 “9” ad. Las Nubes,

Colombia, December 14, 1898. Santa Marta Expedition 1898-99. Type of

Hylophilus brunneus Allen.

Wing 573 ; tail 41; bill 14 mm.

This specimen is, iba doubt, a female of I s. sanctae-martae, and agrees in

every particular with an example from Los Palmales, Andes of Cumand (Bermudez,

N.E. Venezuela) in the Tring Museum. In both, the lower surface of the body is

dull ochraceous, darkening to brownish on the sides, but the type has the throat of

a rather brighter tinge. The forehead, lores and sides of face are conspicuously

washed with ochreous, the back is greyish olive, the wing-coverts and remiges are

edged with olive-brown, exactly as in the Venezuelan bird. The maxilla is

blackish, the mandible dingy horny whitish.

Venezuelan specimens measure as follows: wing 56-58}; tail 39-42; bill

13-14 mm. Thus, it will be seen that there is no difference in size either.

MM. schisticolor sanctae-martae is as yet only known from the Caribbean Coast-

mountains of Venezuela and Colombia. Cfr. Hellmayr and Seilern, Archiv f.

Naturg. 78, Abt. A. Heft. 5, September 1912, pp. 124-5.

51. Chlorospingus canipileus Chapm. = Basileuterus griseiceps Scl. & Salv.

Basileuterus griseiceps Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. Lond. 1868, p. 170 (1868.—* Venezuela, in sylvis

Caripensibus,” sc. Caripé, Andes of Cumand, Bermudez, N.E. Venezuela).

Chlorospingus (Hemispingus) canipileus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H. xii, p. 153 (Aug. 1899.

—Los Palmales, Andes of Cuman4).

No. 1. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 70,349. Adult (not sexed). Orig. label :

“3. Dec. 1898, Los Palmales, No. 36. Shot in low, dense serub on border of forest,

generally met in pairs. Iris brown.” Type of Chlorospingus canipileus Chapm.

Wing 633; tail 614; bill 154 mm.

This bird is practically identical with the type in the British Museum and two

others from the same district at Tring. The wing varies from 61 to 64, the tail

measures 60, the bill 15 mm. None of the specimens being sexed, I cannot say

whether there is any sexual difference in size, but as far as coloration is concerned

the four skins* agree very well together.

B. griseiceps appears to be most nearly allied to B. leucoblepharus, from

Southern Brazil and Paraguay. In both species, the crown and nape are dark

* I am not aware of the existence of other specimens than the above.

( 236 )

cinereous, the sides of the head are exactly alike, and the legs pale fleshy brown.

The Venezuelan bird differs, however, at a glance by the deep yellow (instead of

white) under parts.

Chlorospingus reyi Berl. * bears a remarkable likeness to 2. griseiceps, but

may be distinguished by its less depressed, more curved bill, by the absence of

rictal bristles, by lacking the blackish mixture about the forehead, the white supra-

loral.streak and chin-spot, as well as by having the sides of the head olive-yellow

(not cinereons). There are two specimens of this rare species in the Tring Musenm :

an adult female from El Escorial, February 20, 1896, and an adult bird from

Mérida, without date and sex, obtained by 8. Bricefio.

52. Chlorospingus flaviventris Scl.=Tachyphonus luctuosus Lafr. & D’Orb. Pad.

Tachyphonus luctuosus Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, Syn, Av.i. in: Mag. Zool. 1837, el. ii, p. 29

(1837.—Guarayos, Bolivia).

Chlorospingus flaviventris Sclater, P. ZS. Lond. xxiv. 1856 p. 91 (July 1856.—Trinidad [Mus.

Jardine) ; Bolivia ? [Mus. Strickland] ).

There has been considerable uncertainty about the name C. flaviventris, which

was originally based upon two specimens: one from Trinidad in Sir William

Jardine’s possession, and another supposed to be from Bolivia in the Strickland

Collection. The former is apparently lost, it being neither in the British nor in

the Tring Museum, while the second example is still preserved in the Cambridge

Museum, whence it has been kindly forwarded for my inspection by Dr. Hans

Gadow. It is a skin in good condition, labelled as follows: “Coll. H. BE,

Strickland, No. 943 b. Tachyphonus luctuosus, Catalogue p. 194.” The inscription

(in Strickland’s own handwriting) of the old label reads: “Arremon-Chlorospingus.

Hab. Brazil? Date 1852. Obt*. from Argent,” and on the back : “ C. flaviventris

new. Arremon No, 107 a.”

Its dimensions are: wing 63; tail 574; bill 124 mm.

This example, which answers exactly to Sclater’s original description, agrees with

several females of 7. /uctuosus from Bolivia, except in being slightly larger, with

a somewhat longer, slenderer bill, and in having the crown rather clearer cinereous.

These insignificant differences are no doubt individual. It appears to be one of

Bridges’ skins, showing the same handsome “make-up” as several Bolivian

specimens, obtained by that traveller, in the British Museum.

Salvin + identified C. faviventris with C. albitempora Lafr., considering No.

956 a of the Strickland Collection as the specimen referred to by Dr. Sclater.

Dr. Gadow having obligingly sent me the bird in question,+ I can positively state

that this is a mistake, Dr. Sclater says of C. faviventris: “ capite cinereo, viridi

paulum apparente” and “¢ula albescenti-cinerea, abdomine toto flavo”; whereas

No. 956a has the top and sides of the head dark coffee-brown, the throat bright

isabelline, and the whole middle of the belly white, the flanks only being dull

yellowish olive-green! It is, therefore, evident that No. 956. cannot have been one

of the types of C. flaviventris. But it does not belong to C. albitempora either,

differing by its isabelline (not whitish) throat, more buffy yellow chest-band, and

paler, less blackish crown. In all these particulars it closely resembles the type

of C. fulvigularis Berl.,§ forwarded for examination by my friend Count Berlepsch,

* Tbis (5) iii. p. 288 (1885.—Mérida, Western Venezuela),

t Catalogue of the Strickland Collection, Cambridge, 1882, p. 196.

} It is inscribed as follows: “ Chl. albitempora, Catalogue p. 196, No, 956a.” On the old Strickland

label we read: “ Brazil? 1852. Obt*, from Argent. New? Chlorospingus—proposed to be fulvigularis.”

§ Journ. f. Ornith. 49, p. 86 (1901.—Samaipata and 8. Jacinto, Eastern Bolivia).

( 237 )

and unquestionably refers to the same species. The preparation of the skin is that

of Bridges’ Bolivian specimens.

C. flaviventris must, accordingly, be added to the synonymy of Tachyphonus

luctuosus (Lafr. & D’Orb.).

53. Emberiza obscura Lafr. & D’Orb. should be Catamenia obscura (Lafr. & D’Orb.)

Emberiza obscura Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Avy. i. in Mag. Zool. 1837, el. ii, p. 81 (1837.—

Chiquitos, Bolivia; descr, juv.).

Spermophila obscura Taczanowski, P.Z.S, Lond. 1874, p. 519 (1874.—Paltaypampa, Central Peru).

No. 1. Muséum d’Hist. Nat. Paris. Jav. (skin) labelled: “No. 313, D’Orbigny

1834, D. no. 236. Chiquitos.” Type of Exberiza obscura Lafr. & D’Orb.

Wing 53; tail 43; bill 9} mm.

This specimen agrees exactly with the original description, save in the

total length, which is only 113 cm, instead of 123 as given by Lafresnaye and

DOrbigny. In coloration of the upper parts it closely resembles an adult

male from Viiia, Marafion, North Peru, in the Tring Museum. The pileum and

back are light brown, with a hardly perceptible olive tinge, but the upper

tail-coverts are somewhat duller, and the rufescent edges to the median and

greater wing-coverts so conspicuous in the Vina bird are barely indicated in the

type specimen. The throat and foreneck (still covered with the fluffy feathers

of the juvenile plumage) are decidedly darker than in adults of S. obscura, being

dingy smoky brownish, with the greyish basal portion showing through. The

sides of the body appear to be slightly brighter fulvous brown, while the upper

mandible is somewhat paler horny brown.

These small differences are, no doubt, due to immaturity, and I think there

can be no question that J. obscura is merely a young bird of the species called

S. obscura nearly forty years afterwards. Structure and general style of coloration

are exactly the same as in a considerable series of the last-named species. Seen

from below, the type bears a certain likeness to the female of Tiaris fuliginosa

(Wied),* but may be easily distinguished by having the middle of the belly

extensively white and the inner margin to the remiges rufous-buff (instead of

whitish), by its shorter tail, as also by its much smaller, less convex bill.

On comparing twelve adult specimens from various localities (2 Bolivia ;

1 Callacate, N.W. Peru; 4 Marafion, N.E. Peru; 4 Chimbo, 8.W. Ecuador ;

1 Paramba, N.W. Ecuador), I fail to see any differences connected with geographical

distribution, and can no longer recognise the northern form S. obscura pauper

(Berl. and Tacz.).f At all events, birds from N.E. Pera which are certainly

S. obscura Vacz. cannot be distinguished from the Bolivian ones.{ S. obscura

Taez. becomes, therefore, a strict synonym of Lmberiza obscura Lafy. & D’Orb.

* Fringilla fuliginos iitr. Naturg. Bras. 3, i. p. 628 (1830.—Camamt, Bahia, East Brazil).

} Spermophila pauper Berlepsch & ‘Taczanowski, P. Z. 8S. 1884, p. 293 (Cayandeled, West Ecuador).

} Specimens from different localities average as follows:

One @ ad., Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (Carnegie

Museum)

f m1 . F ‘ ‘i . Wing 59; tail 47; bill 94 mm,

One 2 ad., Omeja, Bolivia (Mus. H. v. Berlepsch) . Wing 53}; tail 44; bill 9 mm.

Yhree ¢ ad., Marafion, N.E. Peru (Tarapoto, Vina) . Wing 64-56; tail 42-44; bill 8-9 mm,

One f ad., Callacate, N.W. Peru. eres es) | Wang 66s tail 443; bill 9} mm.

One 9 ad., Marafion, N.E. Peru (Vina) 7 : . Wing 53; tail 42; bill 94 mm,

Four ff ad., Chimbo, 8.W.*Ecua lor . : . . Wing 534-56; tail 41-44; bill 843-94mm.

One J ad., Varamba, N.W. Ecuador . ns b . Wing 54; tail 414 bill 9 mm,

( 238 )

This species is evidently ont of place in the genus Sporophila, and seems best

referred—for the present at least—to Catamenia, although its bill, in comparison

to C. analis, is laterally much more compressed, with the eulmen slightly ridged

instead of being distinctly rounded. The upper mandible, however, is very nearly

as depressed as in C. analis.

C. obscura (Latr. & D’Orb.) ranges from N.W. Argentine (Salta) through

Eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos, Santa Croz de la Sierra, Omeja) and Peru (Paltay-

pampa, Tarapoto, Vifia, Huamachuco, Callacate) to Western Ecuador (Chimbo,

Cayandeled, Paramba).

54. Poospiza cabanisi Bonap.

Poospiza cabanisi Bonapirte, Consp. Av. i. p. 473 (July 1850.—Paraguay, Mus. Paris).

Poospiza assimilis Cabanis, Mus, Heinean. i. p. 137 (May 1851.—South Brazil and Paraguay).

No. 1. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris. Adult (skin). Paraguay, Bonpland coll. “ No.

108, Gen. Dub. canelle en dessons.” On the back of the label in Bonaparte’s

own handwriting : “ Poospiza Cabanisii Bonap.”

Wing 68 ; tail 66; bill 12 mm.

This specimen, which is undoubtedly the type of Bonaparte’s description,

belongs to the species commonly called P. assimilis Cab., and agrees pretty well with

a o ad. from Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul, H. von Ihering coll. in the Paris

Museum. But being in rather fresher plumage, it is everywhere brighter,

the mantle more decidedly brownish, the upper part of the head washed with

olive-grey, etc. Above the eye and auricular region there is a broad white

superciliary st'‘pe ; throat and foreneck are pale greyish buff, middle of breast

and abdomen lurgely white; sides of body and crissum, as also the whole of the

lower rump, including the upper tail-coverts, bright cinnamon-rufons ; only the two

outermost pairs of rectrices tipped with white, ete.

Bonaparte’s name having priority must supersede the term assimilis Cab.

Cabanis’ statement that P. cabanisi is well characterised by lacking the rufous

colour on the rump. I am unable to understand, for Bonaparte in the original

description expressly says: “ uropygio, lateribus crissoque fulvo-castaneis.”

P. cabanisi Bonap. ranges from southern Sao Paulo (Ytararé), through Parana

and Rio Grande do Sul to Paraguay and the Argentine provinces of Misiones and

Entrerios.*

55. Emberizoides megarhyncha Bonap. = Embernagra platensis (Gm.) juy.

Emberizoides megarhyncha Bonaparte, Consp, Av. i. p. 482 (July 1850.—Mus. Paris, ex Brasil.),

No. 1. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, jav. (mounted) : “ Hmberizoides megarhyncha

Bp. Type, du Brésil, par M. Auguste Saint-Hilaire, aoit 1822.”

Wing 81, tail 84, bill 17} mm.

This is quite a young bird, mostly covered with the fluffy feathers of the

nestling plumage ; only on the shoulders (lesser wing-coverts) and here and there

on the back some isolated feathers of the adult dress are just coming out. The

large, thickish bill, and the strong legs with long toes, leave no doubt as to its

being a pullus of Lmbernagra platensis.

* IT have examined fourteen specimens from the following localities: 2(g 9) Ytararé, S. Paulo;

4 (2 g, 2 2) Roga Nova, Serra do Mar, Parané; 1 g Campo Largo, Parana; 6 Rio Grande do Sul

(Taquara do Mundo Novo, Sao Lourengo, Arroio Grande) ; 1 ¢ La Soledad, Entrerios.

( 239 )

The concealed basal portions of the rectrices are pale green, the anal region

and under tail-coverts bright buff,as in adult specimens from Barracas al Sud

(Buenos Aires), while the newly-grown lesser wing-coverts show exactly the same

yellowish green tinge.

In other respects the type fairly agrees with Dr. Sharpe’s * description of the

young of £. platensis. The top of the head and back are buffy brown, broadly striped

with blackish brown; the median and greater wing-coverts dusky, with whity-

brown edges ; the outer margins to the remiges duller green than in the adult; the

under surface is whitish (instead of olive-grey), with distinct reddish brown shaft-

streaks on foreneck, breast, and flanks. Perfectly adult birds of /. platensis have

no traces of dusky markings underneath, but in immature examples there are

sometimes dark brown streaks on the foreneck to be seen.

The upper mandible, in the type specimen, is blackish brown, the cutting-edges

yellowish brown, the lower mandible whitish.

Emberizoides megarhyncha Bp. is, thus, to be added to the synonyms of

BE. platensis, Dr, Sharpe* had doubtfully referred the name to Lmberizoides

herbicola (Vieill.).

56, On Empidochanes poecilocercus Pelz. and Knipolegus pusillus

Sel. & Saly.

In the second part of his well-known Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens the late

August von Pelzeln described as a new species Empidochanes poecilocercus from a

single female example, obtained by the celebrated traveller J. Natterer on the

Amajan, one of the tributaries of the Rio Negro. The species was not mentioned

again in ornithological literature until Berlepsch and Hellmayr,+ from an examina-

tion of the type specimen, declared it to represent a very distinct form not to be

confounded with any other member of the genus Empidochanes. Two years

afterwards I recorded a second example, also a female, from Itaitttha, a small

village on the left bank of the Tapajéz River.t So far as I know, no other

specimens have been obtained since.

In 1873 Messrs. Sclater and Salvin§ published the description of a new

Tyrant, Knipolegus pusillus, The type, which had been procured by A. R. Wallace

somewhere on the Lower Amazons,|| remained unique till 1898, when G. K. Cherrie

was fortunate in getting two males at Perico, on the upper Orinoco, Venezuela.%

In 1907 Miss Snethlage ** shot a single male near Alcobaca, on the Tocantins, and

in the same year the late W. Hoffmanns sent an adult male from Jamarysinho, a

village on the Rio Machados, Madeira district, to the Tring Museum.+t

Thus, it will be seen that the two known specimens of /. poecilocercus were

females, while of Knipolegus pusillus only males had been secured. When lately

investigating the affinities of Pelzeln’s species I was struck by its similarity to the

females of certain species of Knipolegus, both in structure and in style of coloration.

* Cat. B. Brit. Mus, xii. 1888. p. 769.

¢ Journ. f. Ornith, 53. 1905, p. 27.

$ Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 12.

§ Nomenclator Avium Neotrop. p. 158.

|| Owing to loss of the original label the exact locality could not be ascertained.

Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 36.

** Journ. f. Ornith. 56,1908. p. 525,

tt Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xvii. 1910. p. 284,

( 240 )

On going deeper into the question, I became convinced that it had no relation

whatever to Hmpidochanes, being in every way a typical Knipolegus, and I arrived

at the final conclusion that K. pusillus and FE. poecilocercus were merely male and

female of one and the same species. .

Four specimens of the former and two of the latter agree perfectly with each

other in proportions, shape of the wing, development of the rictal bristles, ete.

All six examples have the three outer primaries narrowed, incised, and acumi-

nated, as described by Berlepsch and Hellmayr,* this peculiarity being equally well

pronounced in both sexes; the nostrils are small circular openings ; there are

numerous long, rather soft rictal bristles. In coloration, the female (4. poecilo-

cercus) recalls that of K. cyanirostris (Vieill.), having the inner web of the rectrices

rufous, the upper tail-coverts cinnamon, and the chest flammulated with dusky.

The only point in which it differs from the male (K. pusillus) is the slightly

narrower bill, with more distinctly ridged (less rounded) calmen, and its blackish

(instead of plumbeous) colour. The same sexual difference, however, exists in the

allied species.

For the sake of convenience I append the measurements of the specimens

examined by me, together with the synonymy, range and characters of the species,

which has to stand as :

Knipolegus poecilocercus (Pelz.).

Empidochanes poecilocercus Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. ii. p. 116, 181 (1868.—Rio Amajat, Rio Negro

District, N. Brazil ; descr, 9); Berlepsch & Hellmayr, Journ. f. Orn. 53, 1905. p. 27 Corit.) ;

Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 12 (Itaitiiba, R. Tapajéz ; 1 2).

Cnipolegus unicolor (nec Kaup) Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. 8, 1867. p. 577 (one example without exact

locality, A. R. Wallace coll.).

Cnipolegus pusillus Sclater & Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 158 (1873.—Lower Amazon, A. R.

Wallace coll, descr. d ad.); Sclater, Cat, B. Brit. Mus. xiv. 1888, p.47(d ad.); Berlepsch .

& Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 36 (Perico, Orinoco R., Venezuela); Snethlage, Journ,

F. Orn. 56, 1908. p. 525 (Aleobaga, R. Tocantins ; 1 ¢ ad.).

Knipolegus pusillus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xvii. 1910, p. 284 (Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, R, Madeira

district ; 1 g ad.).

Hab. Amazonia, North Brazil: Rio Amajai, upper R. Negro (Natterer) ;

Itaittiba, R. Tapajéz (Hoffmanns); Jamarysinho, R. Machados (tributary of the

Madeira (Hoffmanns) ; Alcobaca, R. Tocantins (Snethlage). Central Venezuela :

Perico, upper Orinoco R. (Cherrie).

3 ad. (Type of C. pusillus Scl. & Saly.). Above and below uniform black,

glossed with metallic blue, this gloss being much more pronounced on the pilenm

and back than on the lower parts. Wing-coverts and remiges dull brownish black,

the lesser and median wing-coverts with narrow, glossy metallic blue edges; tail

deep black. Axillaries and under wing-coverts dull blackish brown, Bill plum-

beous, base of lower mandible horny brown. Wing 59—61; tail 50}—52 ; bill

114—-123 mm.

? ad. (Type of Empidochanes poecilocercus Pelz.). Top of the head and back

light olivaceous brown; upper tail-coverts, in decided contrast, clear rufescent

cinnamon ; median and greater wing-coverts dusky, broadly tipped with olivaceons

buff, forming two distinct bars across the wing ; lesser wing-coverts like the back ;

remiges dusky, the secondaries exteriorly edged with buff, especially along the apical

half; reetrices blackish brown, the middle pair very narrowly bordered with cinnamon

* Journ. f. Ornith. 53, 1906, p. 27.

( 241 )

on either side, the others with the inner half of the inner web cinnamon-rufous, and

a slight margin of the same colonr along the outer web. Lores and a rim round the

eye yellowish buff; cheeks, anricular region and sides of the neck light olivaceous

brown like the back. Under surface pale primrose-yellow, throat and under tail-

coverts more buffy ; sides of throat, foreneck, and sides of body flammulated with

pale brown, most strongly on foreneck. Axillaries, under wing-coverts, and an

extremely narrow edge along the quill-lining buff. Bill blackish, basal half of

lower mandible paler brown. Wing 55—57 ; tail 48—51 ; bill 12 mm.

Obs. In both sexes the feathers of the pileam are somewhat elongated so as to

form a’ slight, rounded crest. The tail is moderately rounded, the onter rectrices

being 2 to 3 mm. shorter than the median ones. The males from the Orinoco

(Perico) are practically identical with the type in the British Museum, while that

from Jamarysinho (R. Madeira) has the upper parts duller, less bluish black. The

female from Itaituba also differs in some particulars from the type of F. poecilocercus;

the back is duller olive-brown, the auricular patch darker brown, the throat less

buffy, the under tail-coverts are more ochraceous, and the dusky stripes on the chest

darker as well as more strongly defined. These slight divergencies are most pro-

bably individual.

Material.

No. 1. Brit. Museum (¢) ad., Lower Amazons.

Type of C. pusilius Sel. & Salv. : . Wing 61; tail 52; bill 114 mm.

No. 2. Mus. H. v. Berlepsch, “ ¢” vix ad.,

Perico, Orinoco R. Venezuela, Septem-

ber 25, 1898 5 ; ,

No. 3. Mus. Tring “3” ad., Perico, Septem-

ber 25, 1898 : : :

No. 4, Mus. Tring “¢” ad., Jamarysinho,

R. Machados, September 14, 1907 . . Wing 59; tail 51; bill 12 mm.

No. 5. Mus. Vienna, No. 18824. “?” ad.,

Rio Amajat, N.W. Brazil, September 16,

Wing 61; tail 52; bill 124 mm.

Wing 59; tail 50£; bill 12 mm.

1831. Type of £. poecilocercus, Pelz. . Wing 57; tail 51; bill 12 mm.

No. 6. Mus. Tring, “ § ” ad., Itaittiba, R. Tapa-

jéz, N. Brazil, January 12, 1906 ; . Wing 55; tail 48; bill 12 mm,

57. Ochthoea keaysi Chapm. = Caenotriccus simplex Berl.

Caenotriccus simplex Berlepsch, Journ. f. Ornith. 49. p. 88 (Jan, 1901,—Sandillani, West

Bolivia).

Ochthoeca keaysi Chapman, Bull, Amer. Mus. N.H. xiv, p, 227 (Sept, 1901.—Inca Mine, Marcapata,

South-eastern Peru).

No. 1. Mus. H. y. Berlepsch, No. 1535, G. Garlepp coll. Adult (not sexed),

Sandillani, W. Bolivia, 2500 m. alt., July 6, 1896.

Type of Cuenotriccus simplex Berl....ad. Wing 55; tail 434; bill 114 mm,

No. 2. Mus. H. y. B., No. 912, G. Garlepp coll. Adult (not sexed), S. Jacinto,

E. Bolivia, January 13, 1891...ad. Wing 53; tail 39; bill 12 mm.

No. 3. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 74100. Orig. label: “ August 4, 1900, ?,

No. 86, Inca Mine, Pern, H. H. Keays coll.”

Type of Ochthoeca keaysi Chapm.... 2? imm, Wing 53; tail 43; bill 12 mm,

The type of O. heaysi agrees very well with the Bolivian specimens except

( 242 )

that the rump, upper tail-coverts, thigh, and flanks are rather more rufescent,

brown. The back, too, appears to be slightly more brownish green, while the edges

to the wing-coverts and remiges are deeper rufescent brown. These insignificant

variations are, no doubt, due to age, for the type of O. Aeaysi is immatnre. The

middle of the breast and abdomen is decidedly yellowish, as in No. 2 (S. Jacinto),

whereas in the type of C. simplex the belly is nearly uniform dingy olive-green.

T agree with Count Berlepsch that this species, notwithstanding its rather divergent

bill, finds its natural place in the genus Caenotriccus. ‘To Ochthoeca it has, as far

as I can see, no close relation,

C. simplex is only known as an inhabitant of the mountains of Northern.Bolivia

and Sonth-Hastern Peru (Mareapata).

58. Ochthoeca olivacea Allen = Tyranniscus improbus Scl. & Saly.

Tyranniscus improbus Sclater and Salvin, P. S. Z. Lond. 1870. p. 841. pl. 53. fig. 3 (1871.—Mérida,

Venezuela (type) ; Ocana, North Colombia).

Ochthovca olivacea Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus, N. H. xiii. p. 152 (1900.—Valparaiso, Santa Marta,

North Colombia).

No. 1. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 72728. Type of Ochthoeca olivaceus (sic)

Allen. Orig. label: “Santa Marta Expedition, 1898-99. Valparaiso, Colombia,

April 14, 1899, G. H. Hall.” Adult: Wing 64*; tail 56"; bill 10 mm.

This bird is, no doubt, the same as 7. improbus, of which the Tring Museum

has a large series from the type locality. In fact, on comparing the Santa Marta

specimen with fourteen skins from Mérida, I cannot detect the slightest difference

either in colour or size: the back is of exactly the same shade of green; the

darker crown forms a kind of dusky cap; a distinct frontal band and a spot above

the brownish black anteocnlar patch are white, the auriculars dark olive-brown; the

whitish superciliary line is inconspicuous, as in an adalt male from Valle (January 17,

1888) ; the throat dull white ; the foreneck flammulated with pale yellowish on a

light greyish ground, ete. The pale markings on the wing show the same distriba-

tion as in Mérida examples, but the edges to the median wing-coverts are perhaps

more whitish than in the majority of the latter.

Five adult males from Mérida measure: wing 61-63 ; tail 52-55; bill 10-11mm.

T. improbus inhabits the mountains of Western Venezuela (Mérida) and

Northern Colombia (Santa Marta, Ocaia). In the north coast ranges of Venezuela

it is replaced by 7. petersi Berl. About the characters of this species cfr. Hellmayr

and Seilern, Arch. f. Natwrg. 78, Abt. A, Heft 5, September 1912, p. 79.

59. Ochthoeca jesupi Allen, should be 0, diadema jesupi Allen.

Ochthoéca jesupi Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H. xiii. p. 151 (1900.—San Lorenzo, Santa Marta, North

Colombia).

No. 1. Amer, Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 72727, $ imm., 8S. Lorenzo, 7000 ft.,

May 12, 1899, @. H. Hull.

Type of O. jesupi Allen. Wing 58; tail 49 ; bill 11} mm.

So far as is possible to judge from a single immature specimen, this appears

to be a distinct form, most nearly allied to O. diadema diadema (Hartl.). It

resembles the Bogota bird in the coloration of the wings, but may be recognised

* In the original description the measurements, by misprint, are given as follows: wing 543;_

tail 46 mm,

( 243 )

by lacking the blackish cap (the feathers of the pileum being olive-green like

the back, with inconspicuous dusky central spots), by its decidedly lighter, more

greenish brown back, somewhat paler yellow frontal band, and by having the flanks

slightly washed with brownish. The absence of the dusky cap may be due to

immaturity, but the other characters, though slight, serve to distinguish O. d. jesup?

from the young of 0. diadema. The upper wing-coverts are but obsoletely margined

with the colour of the back.

O. diadema gratiosa differs from the Santa Marta bird by its blackish cap,

much darker, rnfescent olive back, more greenish breast (without yellowish

admixture), and by having the greater wing-coyerts broadly tipped with cinnamon

rufous.

The three “species” replacing each other geographically are more properly

designated by trinomials.

(a) O. diadema diadema (Hartl.).* Andes of Colombia (Bogot4) and Western

Venezuela (Mérida).t

Seven adults (not sexed) from Bogoté. Wing 58, 603, 63-65; tail 50, 54, 57-59 ;

bill 114-124 mm.

Four adult males from Escorial, Mérida. Wing 634-65; tail55-59; billl114-122 mm.

(6) O. diadema jesupi Allen. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, N. Colombia.

One female (imm.) from San Lorenzo . Wing 58; tail 49; bill 114 mm.

(ec) O. diadema gratiosa (Scl.),{ Moantains of Ecuador and N.W. Peru (Tambillo).

Five adult males from Ecuador . . Wing 63-64 ; tail 54-56; bill 11-12 mm.

Four adult females from Ecuador. . Wing 58-61 ; tail 48-52; bill 11-12 mm.

60. Pogonotriccus alleni Oberholser = P. ophthalmicus Tacz.

Pogonotriceus ophthalmicus Taczanowski, P.Z,S. Lond. 1874, p. 135 (1874.—Amable Maria,

Central Peru),

Leptopogon godmani Sclater, P.Z.S. 1887, p. 48 (1887.—Sarayacu, Ecuador).

Pogonotriccus alleni Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxv. 1902, p. 65 (1903.—Rio Cauca, Western

Colombia).

In the first part of this paper§ I have shown Leptopogon godmani to be

identical with P. ophthalmicus, and now I am able to state that P. alleni Oberholser

is another synonym of the same species. Although this identity has already been

mentioned in another connection, || a more detailed explanation of the case seems

desirable. My conclusions are based upon the following specimens :

No. 1. Munich Museum, ¢ ad. Cumbre de

Valencia, Venezuela, October 2, 1910. 8. M.

Klages coll. : ,

No. 2. Carnegie Museum, No. 35,126 ¢ ad.

Cambre de Valencia, Venezuela, October 13,

1910. M. A. Carriker coll. : F . Wing 59; tail 55; bill 10 mm.

Wing 60; tail 57; bill 9} mm.

* Myiobius diadvma Hartlaub, Rev, Zvol. vi. p. 289 (1843.—* Nouvelle Grenade,” i,e, Bogota).

+ Birds from Mérida are practically identical with those from Bogota.

$ Mecocerculus gratiosus Sclater, P. Z, 8, 1862, p. 113 (Ecuador).

§ Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906, p. 322-3.

|| See Hellmayr and Scilern, Archiv f. Naturg. 78, Abt. A, Heft 5, Septem! er 1912, p, 77, note 2,

( 244)

No. 3. Museum Seilern, (?) ad., Cumbre de

Valencia, October 12,1910. S. M. Klages

coll. . i . Wing 54; tail 49; bill 9 mm.

No. 4. Tring titere (8) A Paces

Canca, West Colombia, 900 m, Raap coll. . Wing 58}; tail 57; bill 10 mm.

No. 5. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., “3” ad., Rio

Cauca, Colombia, June 1898, J. H. Batty coll.

No. 71758. Type of P. alleni Oberholser Wing 57} ; tail 534; bill 10 mm,

No. 6. Tring Museum, (¢) ad., Bogota coll.

(ex Manton) . Wing 62; tail 56; bill 10 mm.

No. 7. Tring Museum, “gy” a8 West ite of

Pichincha, Ecuador, aus 1898.

Goodfellow coll. : Wing 62; tail 55} ; bill 104 mm.

No. 8. Tring Museum, “¢” imm., West side of

Corazén, Ecuador, September 1998, Good-

fellow coll. Wing 60}; tail 50; bill 9$ mm.

No. 9. Tring Museum, “gn ad, West wide of

Corazén, Eenador, September 1898. Good-

fellow coll. : Wing 584; tail 53; bill 10 mm,

No. 10. Tring Museum, “gy ad., West mde of

Pichincha, Ecuador, pore 1898. Good-

fellow coll. . Wing 55; tail 50; bill 9$ mm.

No. 11. Museum Berlepsch, 3 ad., Huambo,

North Peru, March 15,1880. J. Siolseanain :

coll. . : Wing 62; tail 57; bill 10 mm,

No. 12. Museum Berlepsch, = 3” ad, Mapoto,

East Ecuador, January 15, 1884. J. Stolz-

mann coll. . ; : : : : . Wing 61; tail 55; bill 10 mm.

The small differences noticed by Hellmayr and Seilern * as existing between

Venezuelan skins (Nos. 1—3) and two undoubted P. ophthalmicus (Nos. 11, 12)

are not borne out by the larger series which came to hand since our remarks were

written. It is true, the two examples from the Cauca River, including the type of

P. alleni, agree with the Cumbre birds in the light cinereous pileum, clear yellowish —

green back, bright sulphur-yellow colour of the anterior auricular region, and in the

lesser extent of the whitish chin-spot, as contrasted to the two specimens in the

Berlepsch Collection (Nos. 11, 12); but the series from Ecuador shows considerable —

variation in all these characters, and the Bogoté skin (which would be expected to

belong to the pale northern race) is fully as dark as the Huambo bird (No. 11).

In the adult male from Pichincha (No. 7) and the immature one from Corazén —

(No. 8) the anterior auricular region is white, scarcely shaded with yellowish, as in —

the Huambo specimen (No, 11), while in the two others from the same localities

(Nos. 9, 10) it is even more deeply olive-yellow than in the Cumbre and Cauca —

examples. The crown is light cinereous in No. 9 (Corazén), as in the latter, but very

dark slate-grey in No, 7 (Pichincha), while the others are intermediate. As to the

colour of the back, only one of the Ecuadorian skins (No. 8, Corazén) matches

those from Venezuela, but the three others are also decidedly lighter green than

* Arch, f. Naturg. 78, Abt. A. Heft 5, September 1912, p. 77.

( 245 )

the Huambo bird. But again, the adult male from Mapoto and the Bogota skin

are absolutely indistinguishable from the Peruvian skin, having the head very dark

slate-grey, the back dull olive green, the anterior ear-coverts whitish, and the

breast strongly olivaceous.

From the above, it will be seen that though there is a certain individual variation,

the colour differences are not peculiar to any geographic area. Therefore, we can

admit only one form, P. ophthalmicus, ranging from Central Peru (Amable Maria,

Ropaybamba, La Gloria) through Ecuador to Western Colombia (Cauca Valley)

and North-western Venezuela (Cumbre de Valencia).

61. Tyrannus fumigatus Lafr. & D’Orb. should be Myiochanes fumigatus

fumigatus (Lafr. & D’Orb.)

Tyrannus fumigatus Lafresnaye & D?Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool, 1837, cl. it. p, 48,

(1837.—Yungas in Bolivia).

Contopus ardesiacus (nec Lafresnaye 1844) Sclater & Salvin, P. ZS. 1879, p. 615 (Tilotilo, Yungas,

Bolivia) ; Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus, xiv. 1888, p. 237 (part., 1,m, Tilotilo, Bolivia).

No. 1. Mus. @Hist. Nat. Paris. Skin, labelled: “D. 261, Bolivia. No. 175.

D’Orbigny, 1834. Tyrannus fumigatus Nob.’—Wing 93; tail 784; bill 16 mm.

Type of species.

No. 2. Mus. v. Berlepsch, “?” ad. 8. Antonio,

Yungas, Bolivia, Joly 5, 1895, G. Garlepp

coll., No. 1163 . i Wing 92; tail 76}; bill 16 mm,

No. 3. Mas, Berlepsch, ‘‘?” ad. S. Antonio,

August 7, 1895, No. 1189 . : ; Wing 90; tail 80; bill 16 mm.

No. 4. Mus. Berlepsch, Bai 18: Antonio,

August 31, 1895, No. 12 : : Wing 90; tail 76; bill 153 mm.

No. 5. Mus. Teeclepeele ug 2h Songo, ale

ern Yungas, Bolivia, Jone 30, 1896,

Me 2347 . Wing 91; tail 78; bill 16} mm.

No. 6. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, adult. Tilotilo,

- Bolivia. Buckley coll., Boucard collection Wing 92; tail 79; bill 164 mm.

The type of Tyrannus fumigatus Lafr, & D’Orb. which has never been identified,

proves, on examination, to be an example of the species universally called Contopus

ardosiacus (Uafr.). There are four specimens from the same country in the

Berlepsch Museum, while the French National Collection possesses an unsexed

adult bird obtained at Tilotilo, Bolivia, by the late Clarence Buckley. On com-

paring the six Bolivian skins with a considerable series from North Peru (Tambillo),

Western Ecuador, Colombia (Bogoté) and Western Venezuela (Andes of Mérida),

I find several well-marked differences which warrant the recognition of a darker,

northern form, Myiochanes fumigatus ardosiacus (Latr.). The Bolivian birds are

altogether paler and lighter in coloration: the back is clear sooty grey with an

olivaceous tinge, the sooty blackish crown forming a rather well-defined dusky cap ;

the under parts are lighter olivaceous grey, with the throat and middle of the belly

decidedly whitish. These characters are strongly pronounced in the fresh plumage

(Nos. 1—5) ; the Tilotilo bird (No. 6)—in very worn, abraded condition—is scarcely

lighter above than Bogoté skins in corresponding stage, but the much paler

( 246 )

under-surface serves to distinguish it at a glance, In the northern race * the back

is much darker sooty grey, being little, if anything, lighter than the crown; the

whole under surface, from the chin to the anal region, is uniform sooty grey

[very nearly as dark as the upper parts], the under tail-coverts only being edged

with whitish.

Count Berlepsch + has united Contopus brachyrhynchus Cab.,~ from N.W.

Argentine, with IM. f. fumigatus, as defined above. In fact, when studying the

type, forwarded by the authorities of the Berlin Museum, in company with the

Count several years ago, I could not perceive any material difference between

the Bolivian series and the Tacuman bird. However, it should be noted that the

type specimen of C. brachyrhynchus, in bleached breeding plumage, is not quite fit

for the purpose of comparison. Since that time I have had the opportunity of

examining five adults from the mountains of N.W. Argentine, § and they appear to

me to represent another recognisable form, characterised by its very pale colora-

tion. The nape, back and sides of the head, instead of being sooty grey, are light

smoke-grey tinged with olivaceous, the crown nearly concolour with the mantle;

the throat is more whitish ; the breast much paler greyish, and the yellowish white

area in the middle of the belly far more extended, The wings are apparently

somewhat longer (98-—101 mm.).

There are, thus, three races to be distinguished :

(a) Myiochanes fumigatus ardosiacus (Lafr.)|| the darkest, ranging from

Central Peru through Western Ecuador to Colombia, Western Venezuela (Mérida)

and British Guiana (Roraima).

(6) Myiochanes fumigatus fumigatus (Lafr. & D’Orb,), lighter, with whitish

admixture on throat and middle of belly, inhabiting the highlands of Bolivia.

high mountains of North-Western Argentine (Tucuman, Jujuy). {

The recently described Myiochanes ardosiacus polioptilus Todd,** from the

Venezuelan coast-mountains—which I have not seen—appears to be a fourth

member of this group, and should be called M. fumigatus polioptilus Todd.

62. Neopipo helenae McConnell should be N. cinnamomea helenae McConnell.

Neopipo helenae McConnell, Bull. B.O.C. xxvii. p. 105 (1911.—Ituribisce, Brit. Guiana).

No. 1. Mus. McConnell (¢) ad. Ituribisce, Brit.

Guiana, October 1908, V. helenae McCon-

nell. Type Ai eta ON es oie asl . Wing 51; tail 38; bill 74 mm.

This specimen and an adult male from French Guiana in the Tring Museum

differ from V. cinnamomea of Upper Amazonia by having the lores greyish white

* I have examined specimens from the following localities: 3 Bogoté, 1 Western Colombia, 3

Mérida, 4 Western Ecuador, 1 N.W. Peru (Tambillo), 1 Central Peru (Hudnuco), 1 British Guiana

(Roraima),

+ Ornis, xiv. February 1907, p. 478.

t Journ. f. Ornith, 31, p. 214 (1883.—Tucuman).

§ Two ¢¢ from Tucuman; 1 4, 2 § from Ledesma, Jujuy.

|| Zyrannula ardosiaca Lafresnaye, Rev. ZWol. vii. p. 80 (1844.— Colombie,” sc. Bogota),

¥ See also Lillo, Apunt. de Hist. Nat. i. No. 3, 1909, p. 42 (Tucum4n); Hartert and Venturi, Nov.

Zo0l. xvi. 1909, p. 203 (Tucuman, Jujuy); Dabbene, Ornith. Argent. i. 1910, p. 347 (Tucumén).

** Ann. Carnegie Mus, viii. No, 2, p. 208 (1912.—Lagunita de Aroa, Est. Lara, North Venezuela).

( 247 )

and the cheeks, ear-coverts and sides of neck dingy olive-grey (instead of deep

buff). Furthermore, the interscapular region is darker, dull rufescent brown, with

a greyish tinge (instead of bright tawny brown).

I am unable to discover any other constant differences. Though the type

has rather light ochreous under parts, passing into buffy whitish (not “ greyish

white,’ as said in the original description) on the throat, the Cayenne bird does

not differ in this respect from Upper Amazonian examples.

The two races are, however, closely allied, and represent each other geo-

graphically, so that their natural relationship seems more correctly expressed by

trinomials. I herewith give the synonymy, together with a short résumé of their

range and characters.

(a) Neopipo cinnamomea cinnamomea (Lawr.),

Pipra (2) cinnamomea Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1868. p. 429 (1868.— Upper

Amazon ”),

Neopipo rubicunda Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. Lond. 1869. p. 438. tab. 30. fig. 3. (1869.—Chamicuros,

Eastern Peru).

Neopipo cinnamomea Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. 8S. 1873. p. 283 (Xeberos, Chamicuros, Eastern Peru) ;

Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 303 (part, a-c, Chamicuros ; d, e, Sarayacu, East Ecuador) ;

Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 361 (Humaytha, R. Madeira, Brazil) ; idem, /.c. xvii. 1910

p- 308 (the same).

Hab. Upper Amazonia, ranging from the head-waters of the Rio Napo

(Sarayacu), in Ecuador, south throngh Hastern Peru (Xeberos, Chamicuros) to the

Carabaya district (Yahuarmayo) in South-eastern Peru, and east to the left bank of

the Rio Madeira (Humaytha), Western Brazil.

Characters. Upper back (interscapulium) bright tawny brown, without

greyish admixture; lores buff; cheeks, malar region and auriculars somewhat

deeper buff, along the upper edge of the ear-coverts an extremely narrow streak

of olive; sides of the neck olivaceous.

Examined. Three adults (including the type of N. rubicunda) from Chami-

euros, one from Sarayacu, East Ecuador, in the British Museum; one ¢ ad.

Humaytha, Rio Madeira, in the Tring Museum; and one ¢ ad. from Yahuarmayo,

Carabaya, S.E. Peru, H. & C. Watkins’ coll., in the Munich Museum.

Obs. The bird from Humaytha agrees in coloration with that from Yahuar-

mayo, but is decidedly smaller and has a slightly shorter bill.

3 ad. Yahuarmayo,8.H. Peru . : A . Wing 54; tail 39; bill 74 mm,

3 ad. Humaytha, W. Brazil : : : . Wing 49; tail 354; bill 7 mm.

(6) Neopipo cinnamomea helenae McConnell.

Neopipo helenae McConnell, Bull. B.O.C. xxvii. p. 105 (1911.—Ituribisce, British Guiana).

N. cinnamomea (nec Lawrence), Salvin, /bis 1885. p. 301 (Camacusa, Brit. Guiana) ; Sclater,

Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 303 (part. f, g, Camacusa) ; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool. xv. 1908, p. 138

(Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Cayenne).

Hab. British Guiana: Camacusa, Ituribisce; French Guiana: Ipousin, Rio

Approuague.

Characters. Upper back (interscapulium) dull rufescent brown, slightly tinged

with greyish ; lores greyish white; cheeks, malar region and anriculars (with the

exception of small, half-concealed buffy spot on the lower portion) as well as sides

of neck dingy olive-grey.

( 248 )

Examined. One adult from Ituribisce (type of NV. helenae), collection of

F. V. McConnell; one ¢ ad. from Ipousin, French Guiana, in the Tring Museum.

6 ad. Ituribisce, British Guiana (type

of subspecies) ; 3 . Wing 51; tail 38; bill 7} mm.

é ad. Ipousin, French Gavan : . Wing 50}; tail 36; bill [damaged] mm.

63. Conopophaga browni Bangs = Grallaricula ferrugineipectus (Scl.).

Grallaria ferrugineipectus Sclater, P. Z.S, Lond. xxv. p. 129 (October 1857.—“ in Venezuela, in

yicin. urbis Caraccas (Levraud) ; type in Paris Museum).

Conopophaga browni Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash. xiii. p. 100 (1899,—Pueblo Viejo and Chirua,

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, North Colombia).

No. 1. Muséum d’Hist. Nat. Paris: “ Cat. gén.

No. 449, de Caraccas, par M. Levrand, 1856,

No. 137. G.ferrugineipectus Sel. type. . Wing 67; tail 30; tars. 21;

bill 134 mm.

No. 2. Tring Museum: No. 265, A. Mocquerys

coll., adult (not sexed), Hjido [near, ins

Vensudela, March 1894 . : : . Wing 64; tail 30}; tars. 23;

% bill 14 mm.

No. 3. Collection of E. A. & O. Bangs, No. 6178,

3 ad., Conopophaga browni, Colombia hoc:

February 12; 1899 . ‘ : . Wing 63; tail 31; tars. 22;

bill 134 mm.

No. 4. Collection of E. A. & O. Bangs, No. 6180,

a ad., C. browni, Colombia mee February

2, 1899 . ‘ : ' . Wing 63; tail 30; tars. 22;

bill 14 mm.

The two specimens from Santa Marta (Nos. 3 and 4) are practically identical

with the type in the Paris Museum. The latter has the ochreous frontal band and

the sides of the face slightly paler—differences no doubt due to fading, for it has

been exposed to the light in the galleries for many years, The Ejido bird, a fresh

skin in good condition, agrees in every particular with the Colombian specimens.

C. browni becomes, therefore, a synonym of G. ferrugineipectus.

This scarce species inhabits the mountains of North-western Venezuela (Silla

de Caraccas, Ejido) and Northern Colombia (Sierra de Santa Marta), occurring

exclusively at high elevations.*

64. Agyrtria alleni Elliot = Chrysuronia oenone josephinae

(Boure. & Mauls.) ? ad.

[Ornismya oenone Lesson, Hist. Nat. Colibris, Suppl. Ois-Mouch. p. 157. tab. 30 (1831-32.—“ la

Trinité,” errore t.)]

Trochilus Josephinae Bourcier & Mulsant, Rev. Zool. xi. p. 272 (1848.—loe. ign.).

Agyrtria alleni Elliot, Auk vy. p. 263 (1888.—Yungas, Bolivia).

* The locality “San Esteban, Venezuela” (i.e, hot, low country), attached to an example in the

British Museum is most certainly incorrect. The species might occur on the higher slopes of the Cumbre

de Valencia, although it should be noted that it has not been met with by Mr. 8. M. Klages during his

recent collecting trip.

+ See Hellmayr & Seilern, Arch. f. Naturg. 78, Abt. A., Heft 5, Sept. 1912, p. 139.

( 249 )

No. 1, American Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 30,784. Agyrtria

alleni Elliot. Type, Bolivia, Yungas. Rusby

Collection; Collector’s label: ‘“ Yungas, Bolivia,

8. 18°, 6000 ft., Rusby, 1885, June”. 3 . Wing 48; tail 274; bill

184 mm.

Nos. 2-5. Mus. H. von Berlepsch. $$ ad. Bolivia

(Yungas), G. and O. Garlepp coll. ; : . Wing 49-51; tail 27-29 ;

bill 183-19 mm,

Agyrtria alleni, a species not identified by Salvin and Hartert, proves to have

been based upon a female of C. oenone josephinae, a well-known Bolivian Humming-

bird. The type specimen is practically identical with a female from Songo, western

Yungas, in the Berlepsch Collection.* They agree in the dull bluish green tint of

the forehead and crown, and in the reddish bronze tail, the three outer pairs of

rectrices having, in both specimens, a distinct, pale greyish apical spot. Like the

Songo example, the type has the throat and malar region spotted with glittering

golden-green on a white ground, these spots being absent on the chin and but barely

indicated along the median portion of the upper throat ; the foreneck is white, with

bronze-green (not glittering) apical edges ; the remainder of the under parts dull

white, washed with metallic green on the flanks; under tail-coverts pale greyish,

edged with whitish, upper tail-coverts fiery reddish bronze, much the same as in

the Songo bird. The bill, in Nos. 1—5, is quite alike both in shape and colour, the

maxilla being black, the mandible pale brownish with dusky tip.

Count Berlepsch, who has seen the type, entirely concurs with my identification.

Agyrtria alleni is consequently to be placed among the synonyms of C. 0. josephinae,

whose range appears to be restricted to the forests of Bolivia.

65. On the group of Saucerottia sophiae (Bourc. & Muls.).

The latest reviewer, Mr. Ridgway,f distinguished four races of this group,

calling them: Saucerottia sophiae sophiae (Costa Rica and Nicaragua), S. sophiae

saucerottei (Western Colombia), S. sophiae warscewiczi (Northern Colombia), and

S. sophiae braccata (Andes of Venezuela), The specific names are applied in the

Same sense as by Dr. Hartert,t who, however, separated S. sophiae, S. saucerotter

and S. warscewiczi specifically, regarding S. braccata as a subspecies of the last-

named form. To my mind the arrangement put forward by Ridgway is the most

correct expression of the natural affinities of these birds, which agree in structure as

well as in general style of coloration, and present only slight (though perfectly con-

stant) differences in the colour of the upper and under tail-coverts.

Trochilus Sophiae Bourcier et Mulsant,§ though originally based upon

Bogota skins, has generally been referred to the Costa Rica form with coppery or

purplish bronze ramp and mainly steel-blue under tail-coverts. This misapplication

of the name is evidently due to the fact that the alleged type, in the Elliot collec-

tion (now the property of the American Museum of Natural History), marked

“Nicaragua” || belongs to the Central American race. However, on consulting

* No. 2238, Otto Garlepp coll.

t Bull. U.S Mus. No. 50, y., Nov. 1911, pp. 436-7,

} Tierreich, Lief. 99, 1900, pp. 52-3.

§ Annal. Sci, Phys, ct Nat., d’Agric. ete., Lyon vi. p. 318 (* 1846."—Bogota ; descr. ¢ @ ).

|| See Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Mus. No. 50, v, p. 440, note b.

( 250 )

the original description it is easily seen that this example cannot be the true type

of T. sophiae. Bourcier and Mulsant characterise their species as follows : “ Dessus

du corps revétu de plumes soyeuses, d’un vert moins foncé et plus Inisant sar la

nuque, les couvertures alaires et la moitié antérienre du dos, passant an vert cuivreux

sur le croupion et la couverture caudale, dont les derniéres plumes sont d’un bleu

W@acier . . . Couverture sous-candale, formée de plumes d'un vert bronzé, ou d’un

gris bronzé, ¢troitement bordé de blanc.” This entirely disagrees with the Costa

Rica form, in which the uropygium and upper tail-coverts are strongly glossed with

coppery or purplish, while the lower tail-coverts are decidedly steel-blue with greyish

edges. On the other hand, the above terms apply perfectly well to S. saucerotte?,

of Western Colombia, which is also found in Bogota collections.* This species

(of which the Manich Museum possesses a couple from Cali, the type locality) has

the rump and upper tail-coverts bronzy green, the longest feathers only dull steel

bluish with coppery margins, and the under tail-coverts dusky brown, edged with

whitish,

Moreover, there is in the Paris Musenm a nearly adult specimen ¢ from

Colombia (id est Bogota), named and presented by Bonrcier himself, which

corresponds exactly to the description of 7. sophiae and, besides, agrees in every

respect with typical S. saucerotted from Cali! Hence, there seems little doubt that

T. sophiae is the same as S. saucerotte’, while the bird found in Costa Rica and

Nicaragua ought to be called S. hoffmanni (Cab. & Heine).t Those who might

object that so excellent an expert as Bourcier would not have described the same

species under two different names I would remind of the case of Lafresnaya saiil

(Del. & Boure.), This species was first made known by Delattre and Bourcier §

under the name Zrochilus sail, but in another paper published nearly simultane-

ously it was redescribed as 7. gayi by Bourcier and Mulsant ! ||

Mr. Ridgway (l.c.) accepts 8. sophiae as the oldest specific title for the group.

It appears, however, that the article in the Revue Zoologique containing the account

of Trochilus saucerottei Del. & Boure.,{ has a slight priority, as may be inferred from

a note in the same periodical (on page 314) concerning the memoir in the Annales

des Sciences phys. et nat. ete. de Lyon.**

Therefore, the nomenclature of the various forms has to stand as follows :

(a) Saucerottia saucerottei saucerottei (Del. & Boure.).

Trochilus Saucerrottei (err. typogr.) Delattre & Bourcier, Fev. Zool. ix. p. 311 (Sept. 1846.—“ Caly,

Nouvelle Grenade ”).

Trochilus Sophiae Bourcier & Mulsant, Ann. Sci. phys. et nat., d'Agric. etc. Lyon ix. p, 318 (1846.

—Bogota).

Saucerottia sophiae saucerrottei (sic) Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Mus, No. 50, v, 1911. p. 436.

Hab. Western parts of Colombia (Canca, Cali, ete.), also in Bogota

collections.

* Mons. Simon has an absolutely typical Bogota skin.

+ “No. 852, Amazilia sophiae (Bourc, & Muls.). Don de M. Bourcier, Colombie.”

t Hemithylaca Hoffmanni Cabanis & Heine, Mus. Heinan. iii, p. 38 (March 1860,—Costa Rica),

§ Trochilus Sail Delattre & Bourcier, Rev. Zool. ix, p. 309 (Sept. 1846.—Quito, Ecuador).

|| Zrochilus Gayi Bourcier & Mulsant, Ann. Sci. phys. et nat., @ Agric., etc., Lyon ix. p. 325 (1846.—

loc, ign.)

¥ Rev. Zool. ix. p. 311 (Sept. 1846.—Caly, “ Nouvelle Grenade”).

** “Tel est le titre d’un travail que cet ornithologiste [viz. Bourcier] va insérer dans les Annales de

la Soc. Roy, d' Agriculture . . .”

(251 )

(b) Saucerottia saucerotte: hoffmanni (Cab. & Heine).

Hemithylaca Hoffmanni Cabanis & Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 38 (1860.—Costa Rica).

Saucerottea sophiae Hartert, Tierreich, Lief. 9, 1900, p. 53 (monogr.),

Saucerottia sophiae sophiae Ridgway, Bull, U.S. Mus, No, 50, v, 1911. p. 439 (monogr.),

Hab, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

Hab. Northern Colombia (Santa Marta District, Rio Magdalena, San-

tander, etc.).

(d) Saucerottia saucerottei braccata (Heine).

Hab. Andes of Western Venezuela (Mérida).

N.B. Trochilus caligatus Gould* is certainly not the Central American form,

but may be an earlier name for S. s. warscewiczi. The description fits the Santa

Marta bird exceedingly well. Cfr. “upper tail-coverts and tail bright steel-blue,

under tail-coverts the same, fringed with white.” The type (if still extant) should

be re-examined.

66. Amazilia forreri Bouc. = Amizilis amazilia (Less.).

Orthorhynchus Amazilia Lesson, Voyage de la Coquille, Zool. i, 2. p. 683. pl. 31, fig. 3 (April 1830—

‘commune dans les buissons du littoral du Pérou ”’).

Amazilia forreri Boucard, The Humming Bird, iii, p. 7 (March 1893.—‘ Mazatlan, Mexico,”

errore !) ; idem, Genera of Humming Birds, 1894, p. 193.

No. 1. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, Coll. Boucard. Adult: “ Amazilia forreri

Boucard, Mazatlan, Mexique, Forrer. Type of species.”—Wing 59; tail 35;

bill 194 mm.

Mr. Ridgway f states: “Ihave not seen this species, which seems to be very

distinct.” In company with Mons. Simon, I have carefully compared the type with

a good series of the West Peruvian A. amazilia, and have not the slightest hesita-

tion in saying that it is merely a specimen of that species with wrong locality. It

agrees in all essential points with examples from the West Coast of Peru in the

Paris Museum and in Mons. Simon’s collection, and differs only by its slightly more

coppery green upper parts and by haying the tips to the median rectrices a shade

darker, more blackish green. One example from Peru, however, approaches it very

closely. The maxilla is wholly black, as in a Lima specimen in Coll. Simon; the

coloration of the under parts is exactly the same as in A. amazilia—the throat and

foreneck being golden green, the middle of the breast and abdomen white, the

flanks pale rufous, etc. Contrary to Dr. Hartert’s statement, { the type does not

differ in size from ordinary Peruvian specimens.

It is well to remember that the type was bought by the late Adolphe Boucard

in San Francisco from a dealer who told him it had been obtained by Forrer at

Mazatlan. But the “make” of the specimen is very different from that of

authentic Forrerian skins, and as no collector has ever met with the species about

Mazatlan, we may fairly assume that the assigned locality was an error. A. forreri

is, therefore, to be excluded from the Mexican Ornis and enters into the synonymy

of Amizilis amazilia (Less.).

* P. ZS. Lond. xvi. p. 14 (1848.—New Granada).

+ Bull, US. Mus., No. 50, v, Nov. 1911, p, 416.

t Tierreich, Lief. 9. 1900, p. 63.

( 252 )

67. Amizilis ellioti (Berl.) replaces A, verticalis auct.

Both Dr. Hartert * and Mr. Ridgway + applied the name Trochilus verticalis

Lichtenstein? to a species with (immaculate) white under tail-coverts found

in the western and central states of Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Jalisco,

Michoacén, etc.). In Eastern Mexico (states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas)

occurs the nearly allied A. eyanocephala eyanocephala (Less.), chiefly characterised

by having the under tail-coverts olive-grey, faintly glossed with bronze and

margined with white.

Trochilus verticalis was founded upon specimens obtained by the Prussian

travellers Deppe and Schiede in the late twenties of last century. Thanks to the

courtesy of Drs. Reichenow and Lorenz, 1 have been enabled to examine three

examples, belonging to the Berlin and Vienna Museums respectively, all marked

by Lichtenstein himself as “ Trochilus verticalis.” They were collected by Deppe

at Perote, a place situated between Puebla and Jalapa, in the state of Vera Cruz,

Eastern Mexico. These skins are unquestionably identical with the bird known as

A. cyanocephala, having the sides of the neck metallic green, and the under

tail-coverts pale brownish olive, edged with white, and agree in every respect with

a series from Jalapa and Oaxaca,

T. verticalis is, therefore, to be relegated to the synonymy of Amizilis

ec. cyanocephala, while the West Mexican species has to bear the name Amizilis

ellioti (Berlepsch).

68. Coccyzus euleri Cab.

Coceygus Euleri Cabanis, Journ. f. Ornith, 21, p. 72 (1873.—Cantagallo, prov. of Rio de Janeiro,

South-eastern Brazil),

Coceyzus euleri Chapman (& Riker), Auk, viii, 1891. p, 159 (crit. ; Santarem, Lower Amazons;

Chapada, Mattogrosso) ; Stone, /bis, 1899. p. 476-7 (Aunai, § interior of British Guiana).

Coceygus Buirdi (nec Sclater) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, iii, 1869, p. 273 (Paciencia, northern

8. Paulo, South Brazil),

Coceyqus lindeni Allen, Bull, Essex Inst. viii. p. 81 (1876.—Santarem, Lower Amazons).

Coccyzus americanus (nec Linnaeus) Allen, Bull, Amer, Mus. N.H, vy. 1893, p. 136 (Chapada,

Mattogrosso ; one ¢, October 28, 1883).

No. 1. Vienna Museum: “d¢” ad.,

Paciencia, March 25, 1823.

Natterer coll. No. 1141 (76b) . Wing 127; tail 124; tars. 21; bill 245 mm.

No. 2. Tring Museum: “g” ad,

Pararah, Surinam, Augast 28,

1905. Chunkoo coll. g . Wing 131; tail 129; tars. 224; bill 27 mm.

C. euleri is certainly the rarest among South American Cuckoos. The type

was obtained by Euler at Cantagallo, in the province of Rio de Janeiro, and is

preserved in the Berlin Museum. Mr. Stone recorded a specimen from the interior

of British Guiana that had been forwarded to the Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia. In the British Museum there is a second example from the same

country, taken by H. Whitely at Aunai on June 24, 1889. H. H. Smith secured a

single male near Chapada, Mattogrosso, S.W. Brazil, on October 28, 1883, which is

* Tierreich, Liez. 9, 1990, p. 62.

+ Bull, U.S, Mus. No. 50, vy, Nov. 1911, p. 422.

t Preisverzeichniss Mexik, Végel, 1830, p. 1 (Mexico).

§ Misspelt “ Aruwai.”

( 253 )

in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. This is the specimen

referred to by Allen and Chapman. According to the latter author, the type of

C. lindeni, collected by Linden at Santarem, on the mouth of the Tapajéz, and

forming part of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge (Mass.),

belongs also to the same species.* To these are now to be added the two

examples given at the head of this article, making a total of seven records.

The specimen of Natterer’s (who, as in so many other cases, was the real

discoverer of the species) answers well to the original description. C. ewderi is, in

fact, only a diminutive form of the North American C. americanus (Linn.), but has

no rufous whatever on the wings, and nearly pure white (instead of buff) axillaries

and under wing-coverts. The colour of the bill is exactly the same: maxilla

black, basal half of maxillary tomium and the mandible orange-yellow, extreme tip

of the latter blackish. The upper parts are pale greyish brown, glossed with bronze

(like C. americanus); the anterior portion of the pileum, lores, and an obsolete

stripe above the eye cinereous; auricular region pale brown, darkening anteriorly ;

wing-coverts pale bronze-brown, like the back; remiges dusky, outer webs light

brown, with bronzy sheen; three outer pairs of rectrices black, with long white

tips, the two succeeding ones light bronze-brown, passing into blackish terminally

and ending in a narrow white margin, the median pair wholly bronze-brown ;

under surface white, foreneck and sides of breast faintly washed with greyish ;

inner web of quills broadly edged with pale buff at basal portion.

The Surinam bird is rather larger, with longer bill, and the buff quill-lining

is less conspicuous. These trifling variations are most probably individual.

C. euleri, notwithstanding its rarity in collections, appears to be rather widely

distributed in South America, ranging from the Guianas to Southern Brazil (Sto

Paulo). Nothing is known about its life-history, but it is doubtless a resident and

not a migrant from some northern country.

69. Geococcyx velox (A. Wagner) replaces G. affinis Hartl.

Cuculus velox A. Wagner, Miinchener Gelehrte Anzeigen, iii. p. 95 (July 1836,—Mexico ; Karwinski

coll, ).

Geococcyx affinis Hartlaub, Rev. Zool. vii, p, 215 (1844.—Guatemala).

No. 1. Zoological Museum, Munich : ad.,

Mexico—Karwinski coll. Type of

Cuculus velox A. Wagner. . Wing 142 ; tail 280; bill 40 mm.

No. 2. Mus. H. v. Berlepsch: ad., Guate-

mala, Rockstroh coll. 1891, No.

28,889 . : : : . . Wing 137; tail [incomplete]; bill 35 mm.

Cuculus velox was described by Dr. Andreas Wagner, then Curator of the

Zoological Collections at Munich, from an example obtained by Karwinski some-

where near the city of Mexico (exact locality not stated). Shelley + put it down as a

synonym of G.“mexicanus” = G.californianus (Less.), but examination of the type

specimen proves this view to be erroneous. The type, an adult bird in rather worn

* Dr. Allen says that the “strongly cinereous colour of the lower parts” is a conspicuous feature

in C. lindeni. his does not well agree with the specimens examined by me, in which the under surface

is nearly pure white.

t Cat. Birds Brit, Mus. xix. 1891. p, 419.

( 254 )

plumage, agrees in all essential particulars with G. afinis, of which Count

Berlepsch most obligingly sent me a skin collected by Rockstroh in Guatemala.

The under parts are uniform buff, paling into whitish on chin and upper throat ;

the lower tail-coverts blackish brown with lighter brown tips (not buff as in

G. californianus) ; the sides of the foreneck and chest only are marked with broad,

black shaft-stripes. Above, the crown and nape are black, with white apical spots ;

the back, instead of being pale bronze greenish, as in G. californianus, is bright

rufescent-brown ; also the upper wing-coverts and inner secondaries (tertials) are

metallic brown with coppery reflections, not greenish bronze.

The naked space behind the eye, supposed to be lacking in the type specimen,

is developed to the same degree as in other examples, but the taxidermist (who

probably took it for a deficiency) had very cleverly covered it with small feathers—

which, however, can be easily removed.

There is, of course, the possibility that larger series may show the Guatemalan

birds to be subspecifically separable from the typical Mexican form. The point

I wish to emphasize is that Cuculus velox belongs to the group of Geococeya

affinis, and has no relation whatever to G. californianus (Less.).

70. Ramphastos citreopygus Gould is an artefact !

Ramphastos citreopygus Gould, Monogr. Ramph. (1st ed.) pl. iv (1834.—* believed . . . from Peru ” ;

Coll, Swainson).

No. 1. University Museum, Cambridge (England), labelled: “ E. Mus. Acad.

Cantabrigiae—Swainson Collection, Type of R. citreopygus Gould, Monogr. ed. 1.”

Wing 215; tail 136; bill 156 mm.

R. citreopygus has been completely lost sight of ever since it was described

by Gould in 1834, being not even mentioned either in the second edition of

Gould’s Monograph or in the Catalogue of Birds. The type specimen, kindly

forwarded to me for inspection by Dr. Gadow, turns out to be an artefact: the body

is taken from R. vitellinus Licht., to which is very cleverly attached the head of

“R. monilis P. L. S. Mill. (= erythrorhynchus Gm.). It is only fair to state that

Dr. Gadow had already arrived at the same conclusion.

The bill of the substitated head-portion agrees in colour and shape with

R. vitellinus, of which a large series from the Guianas and Trinidad has been

examined, while the body does not present any difference from the well-known

R. monilis.

Consequently 2. citreopygus is to be eliminated from the list of existing

species.

71. Aulacorhynchus* wagleri (Sturm)—a nomenclatorial Note.

In 1835 J. Gould described and figured a Mexican species of Toucan from

a single example in the Munich Museum under the name Pteroglossus pavoninus. F

The same specimen was made the type of a new species, Pteroglossus wagleri t

by Sturm, six years afterwards. The purpose of this note is to show that the

correct specific name of the species in question is that given by Sturm.

* This term was generally supplanted by the later Au/acorhamphus Gray on the insufficient

ground of having been previously employed in botany.

+ Monogr. Ramph., Part iii, 1835.

t Monogr. Rhamphastiden, 2. Heft, 1841, tab. [6].

( 255 )

The first anthor to use the adjective pavoninus in combination with

Pteroglossus was apparently Wagler;* but his excellent description—taken from

a single bird from Valle Real, Mexico, in the Berlin Musenm—leaves no doubt

as to its being referable to Aulacorhynchus prasinus anct. In fact, Gould, four

years later, founded his Pteroglossus prasinus (Lichtenstein MS.) + on the very

same specimen in the Berlin Collection !

However, in spite of its undoubied priority, pavoninus (1829) cannot replace

prasinus (1833), for Wagler evidently had no intention of creating a new name

of his own, but merely employed Gmelin’s old term. t

Ramphastos pavoninus Gmelin § is deseribed as “ R. viridis, pennis rubris et

pavoninis hinc inde interspersis,’ and refers, no doubt, to some artefact.

Consequently, this name should be altogether disregarded. The nomenclature

of the two green Mexican Toucans stands, therefore, as follows :

(a) Aulacorhynchus prasinus prasinus (Gould),

Pteroglossus pavoninus (nec Gmelin) Wagler, /sis, 1829, p. 507 (Mexico, Valle Real: specimen

in Museo Berolin, decembri occisum),

Pteroglossus prasinus (ex Lichtenstein MS.) Gould, Monogr. Ramph. (1st edit.), part i, plate

(1833.—spec, unicum in Mus. Berolin.).

(6) Aulacorhynchus prasinus wagleri (Sturm).

Pteroglossus pavoninus (nec Wagler) Gould, Monogr. Ramph. (1st edit.), part iii, plate (1835.—

specimen in Mus. Monacense) ; idem, P.Z.S. 1835, p. 158 (Mus. Munich),

Pteroglossus wagleri Sturm, Monogr. Rhamph. Heft 2, tab. [6] (1841.—Mexico; Mus Monac.).

Aulacorhamphus wagleri Sclater, P.Z.S, 1859. p, 588 (Xacatepec, Oaxaca, S.W. Mexico); idem,

Cat, B. Brit, Mus, xix. 1891, p. 157.

Aulacorhamphus paconinus (errore) Salvin & Godman, /bis, 1839, p. 240 (Amula, Sierra Madre

del Sul, Guerrero, Western Mexico).

This western form differs from A. p.prasinus in its dull yellowish frontal

band and oily-green crown; by lacking the narrow, pale bluish green superciliary

streak ; and by having the black patch at the base of the culmen confluent with

the black stripe along the maxillary tomium. Besides the type, the Zoological

Museum at Munich possesses a second adult specimen, both without any further

indication than “ Mexico.” The wing measures 128-129, the tail 125-127, the

bill 75—774 mm.

A. p. wagleri appears to be very rare in collections. The late A. Boucard

obtained an example at Xacatepec in Oaxaca, Mrs. H. H. Smith another in the

Sierra Madre del Sul, state of Guerrero. Additional specimens doubtless exist

in American museums.

The following species are discussed in Part II. of this paper :

7. coraya and its races. : : : ; : : : : : : . p. 227

1’. ridgwayi Berl,

7. covaya berlepschi Brab. & Chubb

= 5 . . een . 92

LT. oyapocensis ituribisciensis Brab, “| = lleryesiomus coraya'grisiyida (Lawr,) »: pe 229

Chubb

* Tsix, 1829, p. 507.

+ Monogr. Ramph, (1st ed.), Part i, 1833.

¢ Bee Wagler’s remark ; “ Ramphas‘os pavoninus auctor.”

§ Syst. Nat. 1, i. p. 353 (1788 —ex “Le Toucan verd du Mexique,” Brisson, Orn, iv. p. 423: ex

“ Xochitenacatl,” Fernandez, /Zist. nov. Hisp. p. 51, tab. clxxxvii.).

Cyclarhis atrirostris Scl.

Hylophilus brunneus Allen

Chlorospingus canipileus Chapm.

Chlorospingus flaviventris Scl.

Emberiza obscura Lafr. & D'Orb.

Poospiza cabanisi Bonap.

Emberizoides megarhyncha Bonap.

Empidochanes poecilocercus Pelz.

Cnipolegus pusillus Scl. & Salv.

Ochthoeca keayst Chapm.

Ochthoeca olivacea Allen

Ochthoeca jesupi Allen

Pogonotriccus alleni Oberholser

Tyrannus fumigatus Lafr. & D'Orb,

Neopipo helenae McConnell

Conopophaga browni Bangs

Agyrtria alleni Elliot

Trochilus sophiae Boure. & Muls.

Amazilia forreri Boue

Amizilis ellioti (Berl.)

Coceyzus euleri Cab.

Geococcyx affinis Hartl.

Ramphastos citreopygus Gould

Aulacorhynchus wagleri (Sturm)

( 256 )

= (. nigrirostris Lafr., juy.

= Myrmotherula achistioolor sanctae- marian

Allen, ?. .

= Basileuterus griseiceps Sel. & eet 4

= Tachyphonus luctuosus Lafr. & D'Orb, ¢

= Catamenia obscura (Lafr. & a

= Poospiza assimilis Cab. .

= Embernagra platensis (Gm.), Juv. .

}- Knipolegus poccilocercus (Pelz.)

= Caenotriccus simplex Ber).

= Tyranniscus improbus Sel, & Salv. .

= Ochthoeca diadema jesupi Allen

= Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus Tacz.

= Myiochanes fumigatus fumigatus (Lafr.

& D'Orb.)

= Neopipo cinnamomea helenae MeConnall)

= Grallaricula ferrugineipectus (Scl.) .

= Chrysuronia oenone josephinae (Boure. &

Muls.). ¢

= Saucerottia saucerottet (Del. & Boure.)

= Amizilis amazilia (Less.)

= Geoecrespe velox (Wagner

= an artefact

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EDITED BY

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Dr. ERNST HARTERT, any Dr. K. JORDAN.

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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

EDITED BY

WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS

THE ORIENTAL ANTHRIBIDAE OF THE

VAN DE POLL COLLECTION- “. *

SOME NEW' LEPIDOPTERA FROM GER-

MAN: NEW! GUINEA «SF,

NOTES ON /XIAS UNDATUS BUTLER

WITH ‘THE: DESCRIPTION’ OF THE

UNKNOWN FEMALE

ON SOME SUEDE FORMS OF TYTO

DER WANDERFALKE UND DIE LEM.

MINGZUGE : :

AUS

DEM INDO- Chale center GEBIET

(II. TEIL) ' CGN Fa

DIE VOGEL VON BALI

CONTRIBUTIONS TO A KNOWLEDGE OF

THE SUB-FAMILIES 02 NOCHROMINAE

AND HEMITHEINAE OF GEOMETRIDAE

NOTES ON PALAEARCTIG ZYGABNIDAE

ERNST HARTERT a a a

».& Ni&yroptires ‘

XI. OX Oris cervia Patuas . Walter Rothschild ,

XII. Diprera . Ernest E. Austen

XIII. Rayncnota.—Homorrera L, Distant

XIV. Oponata . F, Ris

Corrections ‘to No. VII. (Leprpoprera) .

SOME UNFIGURED SYNTOMIDAE (Ptaves

XIII. asp XIV.) - * F 4 °

Piares XIII. ann XIV. will”be issued with the next number.

OF NO. II.

K. Jordan . m

Walter Rothschild .

Walter Rothschild and

Ernst Hartert

Bengt Berg .

Erwin Stresemann

Erwin, Stresemann

Louis B, Prout. ‘i

K. Jordan

Longin Navés

Walter Roths:hild

Walter Rothschild

4 BUUNP | ee Zonas DS)

MOovwiTATHS ZOOLOGICAL.

Vol. XX. JUNE 1913. No. 2.

THE ORIENTAL ANTHRIBIDAE OF THE VAN DE

POLL COLLECTION.

By K. JORDAN, Pux.D.

JHE family of Anthribidae of the van de Poll collection which we bought

from Messrs. O. E. Janson & Sons comprises a little over three thousand

specimens, most of which came from the Oriental Region. The number of species

is not large, the smaller forms particularly being but poorly represented. But

there is some valuable material among them from localities whence few Anthribidue

haye been recorded. The undescribed species and varieties are not abundant in

the collection, and many of those which are new were already known to me from

other collections. As the specimens add to our knowledge of the distribution and

variation of the Axthribidae and allow me to correct some errors, I propose to werk

out the Orieatal forms as time permits and to publish the results, without, however,

binding myself to any systematic sequence of the genera.

~ Genera: Mecocerus, Physopterus, Eugigas, Meganthribus and Xenocerus.

I have attended to these genera first for no other reasons than because they

contain large species, are well represented in the collection, and their removal from

the boxes facilitates the study of the smaller species. The genera dealt with in an

article on the van de Poll Anthribidae are not necessarily closely allied.

Genus Mecocerus Schénh. (1833).

In both the Catalogus Coleopterorum of Gemminger and Harold (1872), and

the Catalogue des Anthribides Wy A. Bovie (1905), Acanthothorax longicornis

Gaede is quoted as being published in 1832 (Mag. Zool. vol. ii. t. 15), ae. prior to

Schénherr’s vol. i., in which appeared the description of Mecocerus. Fahraens,

however, in Schonh. vol. v. p. 183, gives 1833 as the date of publication of Gaede’s

description, and Lacordaire in his Gen. Col. vol. vii. p. 496 says in a footnote that

Meeocerus has several months’ priority over Acanthothorac.

The species of Mecocerus tall into two groups, the frons being suleate in the

first group (nomenclatorially typical) and carinate in the second.

A, Frons suleate.

1, Mecocerus basalis Jord. (1894).

Dayao, Mindanao (Dr. Platen); 4 dd and 4 2.

Mindoro (Dr. Platen) ; 1°¢.

_ The rostrum has no distinct dorso-lateral carinae and grooves, ‘The ridge

( 258 )

which borders the triangular apical depression runs straight to the eye, bounding

the median groove of the rostrum, The structare of the prosternum is also

characteristic, as stated in Nov. Zool. 1894, p. 598. In the d the bottom of the

median cavity is longitudinally raised to some extent, so that there is a double

impression in medinm-sized dd ; and the transverse fold present in front of the

coxae in small dd is much less distinct than in the allied species. The species

was originally described from a pair labelled “ Borneo.” The examples came from

Boneard’s collection, and the locality is presumably erroneous, Whitehead collected

a long series on Samar.

2. Mecocerus philippinensis Jord. (1895).

Manila; 1 od.

Mindoro (Dr. Platen) ; 1 ¢.

“ Philippines” ; 1 ¢ and 2 $ %.

The prosternal processes of the d are placed nearer to the anterior margin of

the prosternum than to the coxae, In small gd, in which the processes and the

cavity are absent, as well as in the % %, the fold and transverse groove in front of

- the coxae are less strongly developed than in the following species. The dise of

the pronotum is more strongly depressed than in the allied forms,

3. Mecocerus brevipennis Jord. (18'4).

Kina-Balu, North Borneo (J. Waterstradt); 1 2.

Pangeralam, G. Dempo, Palembang, Sumatra, 2000—3000 ft., viiix, 1890

(I. Z. Kannegieter) ; 1 3.

This species is recognised by the short elytra, the rather large scutellam,

the deep suleus of the frons, and the strongly developed carinae and grooves of

the rostrum.

4. Mecocerus wallacei Pasc, (1860).

Doesonlanden, Borneo (C. Wahnes) ; 1 ¢.

Sintang, Borneo; 1 ¢.

5. Mecocerus gazella Gylh. (1833).

The commonest species in collections.

da. Mecocerus gazella gazella Gylh. (1833),

This occurs in two forms which are so different in colour that one might

almost mistake them for two distinct species. They occur together, and inter-

mediates appear to be rare, True gazella (=longicornis Gaede) is ashy grey with

very diffuse markings, The other form, which is the commoner one, is greyish

clay-colour with more distinct markings. I propose to call this second form

f. lutosus nov. (type: Tengger Mts.).

A series of both forms in the van de Poll collection.

f. lutosus :

Tambora, Sumbawa (H. Fruhstorfer); 1. . Not previously recorded from

any place east of Java,

( 259 )

Tengger Mts., East Java, 2000 ft, and 4000 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer); 3 dd and

Ra Yee

South Java, 1500 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 2 2 ¢.

Senggoro, Res. Pasoeroean (A. Koller); 24 dd and 12 ? ?.

Goenong Kawi, Res. Pasoeroean (A. Koller); 1 ¢.

Tji Solak, Wynkoopsbaai (Grelak) ; 3 dd.

f. gazella :

Djampang distr., W. Preanger (Prillwitz) ; 73d and7 ? °.

Tji Solak, Wynkoopsbaai (Grelak) ; 3 dd and 1 @.

Goenong Tji Salimar, W. Preanger, 3000 ft., November 1890 (I. Z, Kanne-

gieter); 1 d and 1 ?.

Mana-Riang, Ranau, Palembang, Sumatra, 2000—3000 ft., April 1890

(1. Z. Kannegieter) ; 1 ?.

5b. Mecocerus gazella paralius subsp. nov.

3 %. Similis f. gazellae, pube cinerea in elytrorum dimidio apicali minus

densa vestitus, maculis nigris et griseis distinctioribus.

- Hili Madjedja, North Nias, x.-xii. 1895 (I. Z. Kannegieter); 14 dd and

O29.

Kandang Ampat, Padang Benedenlanden, v.—viii. 1898 ; 1 3.

Intermediate between the ashy grey form of M. gazella gazella and the next

subspecies.

5e. Mecocerus gazella guttatus Jord. (1894).

Bedagei, East Sumatra, 600 ft., iv.—vi. 1889 (I. Z. Kannegieter); 2 dd and

He? 2,

Pangeralam, Dempo, Palembang, 2000—3000 ft., vii-ix. 1890 (I. Z. Kanne-

gieter); 3dd and ? ?.

Soekaranda, Lankat-Deli, East Sumatra; 1 d and 2 2 &.

Perak (W. Doherty); 1 d and 2 ? &.

Singapore ; 1 2.

5d. Mecocerus gazella brunnescens Jord. (1894).

Pengaron, South-East Borneo ; 24d.

Mt. Marapok, Dent Province, Brit. North Borneo; 4d and 4 ? ?,

Brunei, North Borneo (J. Waterstradt) ; 9 dd and 8 ¢ ?.

Kina-Balu, North Borneo; 2 dd and 2 2 ?.

Banguey Is.; 3d and 1 ¢.

6, Mecocerus allectus Pasc. (1860).

Only one of the three subspecies of allectus is represented in the van de

Poll collection,

6a. Mecocerus allectus maculatus Jord. (1894).

Victoria Point, Tenasserim; | ¢.

( 260 )

B. Frons carinate.

7. Mecocerus assimilis Jord. (1895).

Elytra without tubercle in front of the apical declivity.

7a. Mecocerus assimilis assimilis Jord. (1895).

Senggoro, Res. Pasoeroean (A. Koller) ; 1 d.

South Java, 1500 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 3.

Tengger Mts., Hast Java, 4000 ft, (H. Frahstorfer) ; 1 ?.

Tb. Mecocerus assimilis sumatranus Jord. (1897).

Telaga Bodas, Preanger, Java, 5000 ft., i. 1891 (1. Z. Kannegieter); 1d and ¢.

7c. Mecocerus assimilis lituratus subsp. nov.

d %. Sparsim albo et nigro maculatus, pronoti lineis nigris obsolescentibus.

Tondano, Minahassa, North Celebes, vii—viii. 1899; 1d and 1 ?.

The pubescence of the upperside is uniformly clayish grey. The pronotum

bears a white spot in the centre and three whitish obsolescent spots at the sides.

The three black lines present on the pronotum of M, a. assimilis and sumatranus

are only indicated at the base and apex, the median one being altogether absent in

the 2 before me. The dorsal carina is feebly angulate in the centre, the apex

of the angle pointing frontad. The elytra are much more sparsely spotted than in

sumatranus ; the third interspace bears three white spots and four or five black

ones, the largest white spot being antemedian and the largest black one median ; the

fifth interspace has three or four white spots and as many smaller black ones; and

the lateral margin has the same number of spots, the white submedian lateral one

being the largest of them. The underside bears white lateral spots as in swmatranus,

but the pubescence is not bright ochreous at the sides, as it is in that subspecies.

8. Mecocerus simulator Pasc. (1860).

Elytra with tubercle in the third interspace at the beginning of the apical

declivity. Sometimes the tubercle is vestigial, but even in that case the third

interspace is much broader in that place than the fourth.

There are two forms of this species in Borneo: true simulator resembling

M. wallacei Pase. (1860), and the other form closely agreeing in colour with

M. gaxella brunnescens Jord, (1894). This second form is the only one we.have —

from the Kina-Bala; but it also oceurs at Lawas and in Brunei, whereas from

Kuehing, Dutch Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula we have only true simulator.

I name this form

ft. imitator noy. (type: Kina-Balu):

‘The pubescence on the head and rostrum of f. ‘mtator is usually ochreous ; the

central stripe on the occiput widens more strongly than in f. s¢mulator; the light

pubescence of the pronotum occupies about as much space as the dark pubescence,

and the markings are very diffuse. The elytra are almost uniformly coloured from

base to apex, being greyish clay or clayish grey, with the alternate interspaces

( 261 )

dotted with black from base to apex, the sutural interspace bearing ten to twelve

dots and the others almost as many.

The van de Poll collection contains only two specimens of one form and

one of the other, while there are numerous specimens of both in the Tring Museum.

f. simulator:

Pengaron, Martapoera, South-East Borneo; 1 2.

f, imitator :

Brunei, North Borneo ; 1 d.

Mt. Marapok, Dent Province, Brit. North Borneo; 1 2.

9. Mecocerus gibbifer Jord. (1895).

Originally described from the “ Philippines ” from the Stettin Museum,

Mindoro (Dr. Platen); 2 dd.

Davao, Mindanao (Dr. Platen); 1 2.

In the Tring Museum a number of specimens of both sexes from Samar and

Leite, collected by J. Whitehead.

Broader than specimens of J. simulator Pase. (1860) of the same length ; the

third interspace of the elytra more elevate and the tubercle higher as a rule. The

markings are sharply defined, and on the pronotum and elytra the black, more or

less confluent, spots occupy about as much space in the aggregate as the Iuteous

spots, which stand more or less isolated on the elytra. The alternate interspaces

(2, 4, 6 and 8) are more extended black than luteous, but also bear Iuteous spots

and are encroached upon by the Iuteous markings of the adjacent interspaces.

There is a larger luteous spot on the suture behind the scutellum and the posterior

half or three-fifth of the sutural interspace is almost recularly tessellated black and

luteons. The sterna bear large black spots, which are often confluent, and the

abdominal segments are black at the base, the black colour frequently being

so extended that the light-coloured pubescence is broken up into spots.

Genus Physopterus Lac. (1866).

The genus was based on a single species, gibbosus Guér. (1843), in which

the elytra are much swollen posteriorly and flattened anteriorly and the

antennae are rather stout. The species has a very different facies from the

normal species of Mecocerus on the one hand and Phloeophilus agrestis Schouh.

(1833) on the other. Among the species which I have described as Physopterus,

however, there are several which form connecting links and render it difficult to

decide where to draw the dividing line between the three genera. Having now

before me all the known species and some new ones of these genera, it appears

to me advisable to unite Phlocophilus and Physopterus, but to keep Mecocerus

separate,

Phlocophilus Schinh, (1833) spelt with an e has been considered preoccupied

by Phlofophilus Steph. (1830), and to replace it the new name Lemmophilus was

proposed by Rye, and a little later Platynorrhynchus by Gemminger and Harold

(Chevr. in litt.), both dating from 1872, Ze. being six years later than Physo-

plerus. Although I personally would prefer the employment in <Anthribidae

of Phloecophilus in spite of the earlier PAlotophilus, the general, tendency among

( 262 )

systematists appears to be to regard such names as identical, the ¢ in Phlo/ophilus

being a mere error of transcription. For that reason I wave my own inclination

and adopt for Phloeophilus Schinh, (1833) the name which comes next in priority,

this being Physopterus.

In all the species of Physopterus a ridge runs from the centre of the oblique

anterior edge of the eye to the upper edge of the antennal groove, there being

a depression or groove above and below this lateral ridge. The upper one of

these grooves is usually bounded dorsally by a further ridge, which is a pro-

longation of the dorsal edge of the eye, and as a rule stops short about half-

way to the apex of the rostrum, The antenna of the do is in most species

stouter and shorter, and the club is broader and flatter in the ?, than in Mecocerus.

The first segment of the foretarsus is at most a little longer than the fourth, never

being so much prolonged as in all the dd of Mecocerus. The rostrum bears

at the base a deep median sulcus which usually extends well on to the frons,

1. Physopterus opulentus spec. nov.

3%. Niger vel brunneus, pube olivaceo-ochracea tectus, guttis numerosis

nigro-brunneis parce griseo pubescentibus ornatus, antennis pedibusque brunneo-

rufis, femoribus brunneis, antennarum clava nigra. Rostrum latitudine longius.

Frons in medio carinata, antice cum rostro snleata. Elytra antice valde depressa,

postice gibbosa, tubercnlo rotundato in spatio tertio sito instructa,

Long. (cap. excl.) 7°5—8'5 mm.

Kina-Balu, North Borneo ; 1 d and 2 2? .

A third 3 (much worn) in the Tring Museum from the same place.

The rostrum is half as long again as it is broad distally, and has strongly

marked carinae. The apex of segment 4 of the antennae and in 2? (and

the brachycerous d) the entire 8th and the base of 9 pubescent white. The

pronotum is as broad as it is long in the d and a little broader in the ,

being conical from the carina forward; it is minutely punctured, but otherwise

smooth, bearing neither tubercles nor grooves, and has about thirteen brown

spots, some of which are united with one another. The elytra are broader at the

base than the pronotum, being wider than in P. gibbosus Gnér. (1843), and

become gradually broader and higher, being widest and highest at five-sevenths,

where each bears a rounded tubercle, accompanied laterally by faint vestiges of

other tubercles ; the brown spots, which bear a minute grey pubescence, are

more or less arranged in irregular transverse rows, aud many are joined

together.

The underside is spotted with black-brown laterally. The d bears a

medianly divided pubescent central spot on the metasteruum, and has the edges

of the abdominal segments slightly incrassate in the middle. The first fore-

tarsal segment is as long as the claw-joint or a little longer.

Differs considerably from all the other species of PAysopterus in the pattern of

the upperside, and is also otherwise easily recognised by the comparatively long

rostrum being strongly carinate.

2. Physopterus maculifer Jord. (1894).

Sukabumi, West Java, 2000 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 ¢,

ety

one

( 263 )

3. Physopterus alboguttulatus Jord. (1894).

Tengger Mts., East Java, 4000 ft. (H. Frahstorfer); 3 dd and 2 ? $.

Sukabumi, West Java, 2000 ft. (H. Frnhstorfer); 1 3.

Senggoro, Res. Pasoeroean, Java (A. Koller); 1 ?.

These specimens bear white dots. The following examples, which have yellow

dots, may represent a distinct race :

Pengalengan, West Java, 4000 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 2 dd.

Palabuan, South Java (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 ?.

Bedagei, East Sumatra, 600 ft., iv.—vi. 1899 (I. Z. Kannegieter); 1 ¢.

4. Physopterus sumatranus Jord. (1897).

Perak (W. Doherty); 1 d and 1 °.

5. Physopterus tuberculatus Jord. (1894).

Belipul-Oya, Ceylon, iv.—vi. 1889 (I. Z. Kannegieter) ; 1 3.

6. Physopterus pardalis Jord. (1912).

Perak (W. Doherty); 1 ?.

This is only the second specimen known to me.

Genus Eugigas Thoms. (1857).

The genus contains the largest of all Anthribidae.

1. Eugigas schoenherri Thoms, (1857).

Astrolabe Bay, German New Guinea (Rhode) ; 2 ? ?.

Ureiuning, Aru Is. (C. Ribbe) ;1 ¢ and 1 ?.

2. Eugigas goliathus Thoms. (1857).

Tji Solak, Wynkoopsbaai, Java (Grelak); 1 ¢ and 1 ?.

Kawie Mts., Pasoeroean, Java; 1 o.

South Java, 1500 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer) ;1 3.

Hili Madjedja, North Nias, vii.—ix. 1895 (I. Z. Kannegieter) ; 2 9 2.

Padang Sidempoean, West Sumatra (J. D. Pasteur); 1 ?.

Borneo; 1 d and 1 ¢.

Genus Meganthribus gen. nov.

Dolichocera Gray (nec Latr,, 1829), in Griff., Anim. Kingd. vol. xv. Ins. p. 65 (1832) (indeser.).

Differs from Lugigas in the buccal plate being evenly excised and the tarsal

claws not bearing a tooth.

Type of name: sulphureus Waterh.

In the dd of Evgigas the last three antennal segments are together only

about as long as segment 8, while in Meganthribus they are about twice as

long as 8,

( 264 )

1. Meganthribus sulphureus Waterh. (1576).

Andaman Islands; 4 dd and 5 ? ?.

The species is only known from the Andamans, It is easily recognised, for

which reason I have chosen it as the type of the new generic name.

2. Meganthribus childreni Gray (1852).

Pengalengan, West Java, 4000 ft. (H. Frohstorfer); 1 ?.

In true childreni the elytra are distinctly depressed along the suture. The

sterna bear lateral patches, which vary from orange to greyish yellow and are

more or less bordered with grey. The central portion of the pro- and mesosterna

is black, with the exception of the mesosternal process. The groove along the

apical margin of the metasternum is very deep ; it curves forward medianly, but is

not angulate, not encroaching upon the intercoxal process of the metasternum.

The following insect is possibly a form of cildreni, but as the new insect,

according to the van de Poll collection, also occurs on Java, the home of childreni,

it is advisable to treat it for the present as a distinct species,

3. Meganthribus euspilus spec. nov.

39. M. childreni valde affinis, prothorace elytrisqne latioribus, elytris ad

suturam vix impressis, interstitiis alternis conspicue albo et nigro tessellatis,

pronoto albo guttato.

Manna, Sumatra (M. Kuappert) ; 1 ¢ (type).

Telaga Bodas, Garoet Preanger, Java, 4000—5000 ft., i. 1891 (I. Z. Kannegieter);

1d andl ¢.

In the Tring Museum also from Perak and Bolok-Baros, Medan, Sumatra,

The upperside uniformly and densely pubescent tawny-olive, usually more olive

than tawny, with prominent black and white markings, The white spots on the

elytra more numerous than in J/, childreni, especially in the sutural interspace.

The base of the second segment of the foretarsus conspicnously white like that of

the first segment, but the white colouring more restricted. The abdomen of the

sume yellow tint as the sterna, with conspicuous white lateral dots, the bases of

the segments also being. white.

I should have treated this form as a geographical race of MV. childreni, if it was

not for the Javan specimens in coll. van de Poll, The labelling of the two examples, —

however, may be erroneous ; at any rate, it would be desirable to see the record

from Java confirmed. ;

4. Meganthribus atopus spec. nov.

3. Etiam affinis MW. children’, cujus varietas geographica verisimiliter est.

Supra fulvo-olivaceo pubescens, albo guttatus, prothorace lineis duabus angustissimis

valde interruptis nigris ornato, elytris ad suturam vix depressis, interstitio suturali

sparsim albo vix nigro guttato, abdomine utrinque duabus seriebus guttaram

albarum ornato. ;

Tondano, Minahassa, North Celebes; 1 2.

The black markings are less numerous and also smaller than in X. ehildrent

and euspilus, being partly suppressed by the greater development of the tawny- —

olive pubescence. The white markings stand out very distinctly; those on the

thorax are smaller than in the forms mentioned, the central spot being elongate- —

( 265 )

ovate, and there being no white pubescence at the dorsal carina. On the elytra

both the white and black markings are restricted in number; the sutural space

bears some white dots, but all its black spots are suppressed ; the white lateral spot

situated behind the shoulder is circular and wider than one interspace. The sterna

bear conspicuous and sharply defined white spots. The abdomen is coloured like

the sterna ; the pubescence at the bases of the segments is not white, but there is

a rounded spot near the base of segments 2—4, about half-way between the centre

and the lateral row of white spots, The second foretarsal segment has hardly

any white pubescence at the base, and the white colouring is also not much in

evidence on segments 7 and 8 of the antenna.

®. Meganthribus nubilus Jord. (1898).

Tandjong Morawa, Serdang, N.E. Sumatra (Dr. B. Hagen); 1 &.

Brunei, N. Borneo ;1 ¢.

Kina-Balu, N. Borneo; 1 2.

A shorter and broader species than WV. children’. The apical transverse

groove of the metasternum is almost obsolete in between the midcoxae, being here

distinctly angulate. The transverse fold behind the groove of the mesosternum is

narrower than in J. childreni, euspilus and atopus, and the groove behind the

forecoxae deeper.

6. Meganthribus pupa Jord. (1895).

Luzon; 1 3.

Mindoro (Dr. Platen); 1 2.

Davao, Mindanao (Dr. Platen); 1 d.

Salibaboe, Talaut Is., March (W. Doherty); 2 3¢.

Tlat, Boeroe, January (W. Doherty) ; 2 dd.

Kairatoe, West Ceram, ii.iii. 1892 (Martin); 1 9.

A robust species. The metasternnm has no groove at the apex between the

midcoxae. The mesosternum is rather coarsely punctured in front of the coxae on

the neck-like portion fitted into the prothorax.

The pair described by me as whiteheadi (1895), from North Luzon, appears to

be a variety, perhaps a geographical one, of M. pupa.

The above example from Mindoro, the only one I have seen, is more elongate

than the specimens we have from other places, and the two grooves of the pronotam

are a trifle deeper.

The mesosternal process is rather strongly convex in the specimens from the

Philippine and Talaut Islands, with the exception of the above examples from Luzon

and Mindanao.

Mecotropis Lac. (1867).

The genus consists of three sections, which are apparently well-defined. The

yan de Poll collection contains examples of the majority of the species.

A. Median groove of rostrum continued on the frons; anterior

margin of eye straight.

1. Mecotropis variegatus Oliv. (1795).

Leitimor, Amboina, x.-xii, 1897; 1 d and 1 ?.

Occurs also on Buru,

( 266 )

2. Mecotropis insignis Pasc. (1860).

Leitimor, Amboina, x.-xii. 1897 ; 4 dd and 2 22.

Leitimor, Amboina, xii. 1891 (Martin) ; 2 dd.

Kainatoe, West Ceram, ii—iii. 1892 (Martin) ; 6 dd and 4 39.

Honitetoe, West Ceram, iii. 1892 (Martin); 1 3,

Wahaai, North Ceram, iv, 1892 (Martin) ; 1 ?.

3. Mecotropis annulipes Jord, (1911).

Brunei, Borneo; 1 ¢.

4, Mecotropis fruhstorferi Jord. (1894).

Sonth Java, 1500 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 3.

Senggoro, Res. Pasoeroean, Java (A, Koller); 3 dd.

5. Mecotropis similis Jord. (1898).

Senggoro, Res, Pasoeroean, Java (A. Koller); 1 2.

Badagei, Bast Sumatra, 600 ft., iv.-vi, 1889 (I. Z. Kannegieter) ; 1 ¢.

6a. Mecotropis caelestis caelestis Jord. (1898).

Palawan ; 2 dd.

The pubescence on the sides of the sterna is ochraceous in the two examples,

which is not the case in the unique type-specimen from Samar.

6b, Mecotropis caelestis megapsis subsp. nov.

2. Latior quam WM. ¢, caelestis, colore nigro multo magis extenso.

Salibaboe, Talaut Is., iii. (W. Doherty); 1 2.

The markings of the upperside, especially on the elytra, are less blue than in

the specimens from the Philippines, and much reduced, the network being much

more open and almost everywhere interrupted. Apart from the borders to the eyes,

the frons has no blue or greyish markings, and the occiput only bears a minute

median spot. The scutellam has a black dot. The black colour is also more

extended on the pygidiam and under surface.

7. Mecotropis pardalis spec. nov.

3. Niger, pube lutea dense vestitus, supra multis maculis nigris notatus,

subtus sparsim nigro guttatus ; rostro cum fronte capitis sulco mediano instructo,

antennarum articulis 3°-8° apice albo pubescentibus, tibiis brunneo-rubris.

Long. (cap. excl.) 11 mm.

Tondano, Minahassa, North Celebes, vii.—viii. 1899; 1 2.

The base of the femora and the entire tibiae are rather bright red, the antennal

segments 6 to 9 (with the exception of the widened apical portion of 9) are similarly

coloured, but have a browner tint, The apex of the first tarsal segment is pubescent-

white like the apex of segments 3 to 8 of the antenna. The rostrum is about as long

as it is broad near the apex, being shorter than in M. cariegatus Oliv. (1795) ; its

median groove is wide at the base of the rostrum and the beginning of the frons. —

The pronotum is shorter than in M. variegatus, being broadest a little in front of the —

( 267 )

centre, and a trifle wider than it is long, The median portion of the notum is feebly

elevate and bounded on each side by a slight though distinct depression. Scutellum

Inteous. The dots on the elytra are numerous and nearly all separated, each elytrum

bearing a longitudinal row of three dorsal as well as three or four lateral spots, which

are larger and irregular, being evidently composed of confluent dots. On the under-

side there are blackish brown dots at the sides of the sterna and abdomen, the

latter bearing two rows from segment 2 to 4.

8. Mecotropis icanus cordiger subsp. nov.

?. Pronoto pone tuberculum medianum haud punctato et elytrorum area

apicali grisea autice ad suturam sinuata distinctus.

Soekaboemi, West Java, 2000 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 2.

In the Tring Museum a second ? labelled Java.

B. Groove of rostrum continued on the frons. Eye sinuate.

9a. Mecotropis maculosus brevirostris Jord. (1894).

lat, Boeroe, i. (W. Doherty); 3 dd and 3 $ 2.

Leitimor, Amboina, xii. 1891 (Martin) ; 12.

One of the dd is a peculiar aberration, the markings of the upperside being

almost entirely obliterated with the exception of the median stripe on the head

and pronotum.

9b. Mecotropis maculosus maculosus Pasc. (1860).

Ilo, Ceram (C. Ribbe); 1 d and 1 2°.

This form bears a remarkably close likeness to I/. ‘nsignis Pasc. (1860), while

brevirostris resembles M. variegatus Oliv. (1795).

10, Mecotropis spilosa Jord. (1903).

Palawan; 1 2.

Resembles MW. caelestis Jord. (1898), but the markings of the upperside are

yellowish and the light-coloured parts of the underside and legs grey or nearly pure

white, not blue as in caelestis.

11. Mecotropis marmoreus Jord. (1895).

Brunei, Borneo; 2 dd and 4 2? ¢.

12. Mecotropis whiteheadi mindorensis subsp. nov.

3 A M. w. whiteheadi differt vittis nigris pronoti extus valde irregularibus,

elytroram limbo griseo basali in vittam brevissimam suturalem duas guttas

enteriores attingentem producto.

Mindoro (Dr, Platen); 1 d.

The clayish grey median stripe of the pronotum is slightly widened in the

centre, and the lateral stripes invade the black dorsal areas in front of and

behind the middle, The basal border of the elytra is slightly wider below the

( 268 )

shoulders than in J/. w. whitehead’, and is produced along the suture in between

the dorsal spots, which are slightly conneeted with this short sutural stripe.

The median spot of the elytrum is longer transversely than in whitehead?.

C. Frons carinate. Eyes non-sinuate.

13. Mecotropis arcifer Jord, (1894).

Batjan ; 1 &.

14. Mecotropis pantherinus Thoms. (1857).

Andai and Humboldt Bay, Dutch New Guinea (W. Doherty); 1 ¢ and 2 2 %..

Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay, German New Guinea (Kunzmann) ; 1 ¢.

Genus Xenocerus Schénh, (1833).

The numerous species fall into several natural groups which are distinguished

by the different structure of the male antennae. It is not always easy to place a

species, if it is only known from the °.

The genus is represented from Ceylon to the Solomon Islands, but in the

Lesser Sunda Islands it is only known as far east as Alor, no specimens having

been as yet recorded from Timor, Timorlant and the islands in between.

_ 1. Xenocerus speciosus Jord. (1598).

Kalim Bungo and Dyma, Northern Nias, second half of 1894, and from iii,-v,

1895 (R.' Mitschke).

A long series of both sexes. The species varies but slightly. In one of the

?? the black median patches of the elytra are only half the normal size.

2. Kenocerus andamanensis Jord. (18!)4).

Andaman Islands; 2 ¢¢ and 3 $ 2,

The sutural vitta slightly varies in width, and the postmedian dot, which

is confluent with it, sometimes extends to the sixth interspace.

3. Xenocerus saperdoides Gylh. (1833).

This species varies geographically. The van de Poll collection contains two

subspecies of it:

3a. X. saperdoides saperdoides (rylh. (1833).

Senggoro, Res. Pasoeroean, Java (A, Koller), Palaboean, Southern Java

(H. Fruhstorfer), and Tji Solak, Wynkoopsbaai, Java; 2 dd and4 ? %.

The yellowish markings of the elytra are usually all united with one another,

but the apical discal streak is sometimes disconnected,

3b. X. saperdoides simplex Jord. (1804).

Sintang, Borneo; 1 ¢.

Mana Riang, Palembang, 2000—3000 fé., April 1890 (I. Z. Krannegeter)

1-3 and-1 @: ,

( 269 )

Hili Madjedja, Northern Nias, late in 1895 (I. Z. Kannegieter); I 2.

This form was originally described as a distinct species from a single North

Bornean 2. Although none of the ten specimens now before me from Dutch

Borneo, Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Cochinchina, and Nias agree exactly

with that example, it appears to me advisable to keep these specimens under

the name of simplex until further material from North Borneo proves the

specimens of that district to conform to the type of simplex.

4, Xenocerus mamillatus Jord. (1903).

Kina-Balu, North Borneo; 1 ?.

This specimen, as well as another ? in the Tring Museam from Malacca,

is slenderer than the unique name-type from Pontianak, and the lateral lines on

the prothorax and elytra are thinner.

5. Kenocerus pictus Kirsch (1877).

Perak (W. Doherty); 4 dd and 8 ? ?.

The species is only known from the Malay Peninsula.

6. Kenocerus ornatus Jord. (1897).

Tandjong Morawa, Serdang, N.H. Sumatra (B. Hagen); 2 ? 2.

I described the species from a single specimen in the Genoa Museum, but we

have since received 2 dd and 3 ?$ from West Sumatra. In the above 2 ?

obtained by Dr. Hagen the lateral stripes of the pronotum and the yellowish spots

of the elytra are rather larger than in the West Sumatran examples.

This species is close to X. pictus Kirsch (1877), althongh it has a rather

different facies on account of the punctures of the elytra being pubescent white.

7. Xenocerus rectilineatus Jord. (1894).

Darjiling ; 1 3. ;

No locality ; 3 dd and 1 ¢.

8. Xenocerus scalaris Jord. (1894).

Dayao, Mindanao (Dr. Platen); 3 ¢ d and 1 °.

Ya. Kenocerus barbicornis virgatus subsp. noy.

3. Vittis elytrorum latis, dorsali cum fascia transversa tina, metasterno macula

nigra laterali parva, abdomine in medio sparsim albescente.

Philippine Islands ; 1 ¢ (apparently from coll. Semper).

The dorsal stripe of the elytrum is about as broad as the space which separates

it from the sublateral stripe, and the transverse band is completely united with it,

the black sutural space being spear-shaped and narrower than one dorsal interspace ;

the sublateral stripe is likewise broader than in true bardbicornis and joins the outer

branch of the dorsal stripe behind the shoulder-angle, the black subbasal dorsal

swelling of the elytram being completely encircled by white. The white spots of

the pygidiam extend from the base to the apex. ‘The white lateral stripe of the

( 270 )

prosternum is broader than the black stripe situated above it, and the metasternum

is entirely white with the exception of a median patch and a small round

lateral spot.

9b, Kenocerus barbicornis barbicornis Gestro (1879).

Astrolabe Bay, German New Gninea (Rhode); 1 °.

Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay (Kunzmann); 1 ?.

10. Xenocerus variabilis Pase. (1860).

Kina-Balu, North Borneo; 1 ¢.

Brunei, Borneo; 1 g and 3 $ ?.

Doesonlanden, Borneo (Wahnes); 1 ?.

Mt. Marapok, Dent Province, Brit. North Borneo ; 1 ¢. 3

Palawan; 1d.

The brown markings are sometimes separated into more Og less well-defined

spots.

11. Xenocerus mesites spec. nov.

3%. Supra nigro-brannens, subtus albus, antennaram articulo 3" in 3 brevi

atque 5° piloso, in ? 4° tribus praecedentibus longitudine aequali: pronoto trivittato,

elytris vitta suturali post medium biramosa, linea discali a basi ad medium extensa

ad marginem basalem cum vitta sutnrali conjuncta atqne pone basin in ramum

brevem versus suturam directam dilatata, linea sublaterali aut interrupta aut com-

pleta Inteo-albis signatis.

Long. (cap. exel.), 8°5—14 mm.

Ternate, type, in Mus, Tring; 4 dd and 1 °.

Ara; 1 din Mas, Tring, and 2 ? ? in coll. van de Poll.

The specimens are very close to X. conjunctus Jord. (1895), from New Guinea,

and perhaps only subspecifically distinct. However, the fifth segment of the

antenna is pilose on the outside in the dd of mesites, while it is naked in the two

36 which we have of conjunctus. Further material of conjunetus may prove that

this difference does not hold good, In pattern mesrtes differs from conjunctus

especially in two points. The discal line in the basal half of each elytram is con-

nected behind the base with the sutaral stripe in conjunctus, while in mesites the

line only bears a short branch which does not reach the sutural vitta; further, the

lateral apical line ends at the sutural edge in conjunctus and at the apical edge in

mesites. In both species the suture is narrowly edged with white posteriorly.

12. Xenocerus platyzona spec. nov.

3. Niger, albonotatus, antennaram (d) articulis 2° et 5° pilosis, pronoto

trivittato, vittis antice posticeque abbreviatis, elytris fascia transversa latissima ad —

suturam antrorsum prodacta, maculis tribus una ad basin juxta humerum atque

duabus in utroque elytro ante apicem sitis, linea parva suturali anteapicali. “

Long. (cap. excl.) : 15 mm.

Dayao, Mindanao (Dr. Platen) ; 1 2.

Closely resembles X. datifasciatus Jord, (1894) in pattern, but at once dis-—

tinguished by the pilose second and fifth antennal segments (¢), the three white ;

(241)

stripes of the pronotum, the humeral spot of the elytra, the more elongate prothorax

and elytra, ete.

The head bears a white lateral stripe above and below, the dorsal stripes being

interrupted anteriorly between the eyes. The median stripe of the pronotum extends

from near the apical margin to the carina and is narrowest in the centre ; the side

stripes are elongate bean-shaped, being shorter than the median stripe and narrow-

ing somewhat posteriorly. The band of the elytra is broad at the suture, where it

is produced forward to near the scutellum, its edges being sinuous; at the fourth

line of punctures it occupies rather more than one-third the length of the elytra ; in

the black apical area there is a subapical transverse spot on each elytrum, and half-

way between it and the band a sublateral dot. The pygidium has a triangular spot

on each side. The prosternum bears a broad interrupted lateral stripe and in the

central portion sparse white pubescence. The mesosternite has a lateral spot which

occupies the whole epimerum and part of the episternum, also entering upon the

episternum of the metathorax ; moreover, there is in front of this spot a detached

round one. The metasternum is sparsely pubescent white, the episternum and

lateral portion of the sternum remaining black, The abdomen likewise bears white

pubescence, which is condensed into sharply defined bands at the sides. The

femora bear a black patch ; the bases of tarsal segments 1, 2 and 4 are white.

13. Xenocerus longicornis Jord. (1894).

Tondano, Minahassa, North Celebes, vii.-viii. 1899; 3 dd and 3 2? 2.

14. Xenocerus fimbriatus Pase. (1860).

Sintang, Dutch Borneo; 1 ¢.

Brunei, Borneo; 1 o.

15. Xenocerus velutinus Gestro (1876).

Korrido, Geelvink Bay, Dutch New Guinea (Beccari) ; 1 ¢ and 1 ?, paratypes.

16. Xenocerus everetti Jord. (1894).

Branei, North Borneo ; 1 ?.

Dyma, Northern Nias, iii—v, 1894 (R. Mitschke) and Hili Madjedja, Central

Nias, late in 1895 (I. Z. Kannegieter); a long series of both sexes.

One % from Tondano, Minahassa, North Celebes, vii.—viii. 1899, which is a

new record for this species.

A series from Senggoro, Res. Pasoeroean, Java (A. Koller) and South Java,

1500 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer),

The species does not seem to have split up into geographical races. The

specimens vary remarkably in size, our largest example measuring 28 mm. in total

length, and the smallest 12 mm.

17. Xenocerus russatus Jord. (1911).

Mt. Marapok, Dent Province, North Borneo; 1 °.

Pengaron, Martapoera, 8.E. Borneo; 1 ¢.

(272)

18. Xenocerus fruhstorferi Jord. (1894).

Sukabumi, West Java, 2000 ft. (H,. Fruhstorfer); 2 dd and 3 ¢ ?.

19. Xenocerus decemguttatus Jord. (1895).

Goenoeng Talang, Padang Bovenlanden, Sumatra, early 1899; 2 dd and

_ Goenoeng Agoeng, Palembang, Sumatra, 4000-5000 ft., August 1890 (I, Z.

Kannegieter); 1 9.

20. Kenocerus tephrus spec. noy.

3. Niger, capite cum rostro et pygidio luteo-pubescentibus, scutello eodem

colore, pronoto et elytris omnino cinereis absque signaturis, antennis simplicibus

seginento 3° brevi.

Long. (cap. excl.) 15 mm.

Perak (W. Doherty) ; 1d. a

Not very nearly allied to any of the other known species, and easily recognised

’ by the uniformly ashy grey pronotum and elytra.

The head and rostram are yellowish clay-colour above with a black median

stripe, and bear a patch of the same pubescence underneath at the sides. The

antenna is entirely black, non-pubescent with the exception of the last two

segments, which bear minute hairs ; segment 3 short, 2 to 9 more or less com-

pressed, granulose, suleate on the inner side. Prothorax much longer than broad.

Elytra broadly depressed at the suture, impressed on the declivous apical area

near the suture and somewhat less strongly outwardly, so that a very obtuse ridge

is formed on each elytrum.

The underside is pubescent ashy grey ; the centre of the prosternum bare of

pubescence, convex and studded with granules. The tibiae and tarsal segments are

black at the apices.

21. Xenocerus fastuosus Gestro (1876).

Korido, Geelvink Bay, Dutch New Guinea (Beccari); 2 dd and 2 ? ?, paratypes.

22. Kenocerus bicinctus Jord. (1894).

Salibaboe, Talaut Islands, March (W. Doherty); 3 ¢d and 2? ?.

23. Xenocerus latifasciatus Jord. (1894).

- Manila (Semper); 1 ¢ and 1 ¢.

24. Kenocerus epomis spec. nov.

?. Nigro-velutinus, antenna cylindrica, capite albo-bivittato, prothorace vitta,

media abbreviata atque macula suboyata dorso-laterali albis notato, elytris plaga

magna humerali, fascia transversa completa postmediana guttaque apicali primu-

linis ornatis, prosterno fascia transversa, mesepimero macula angusta, metasternoque

fascia transversa in medio interr upta albis signatis, segmentis sional 24°

ad apicem atque pedibus plus minusve griseo-albis. ;

( 2785

Long. (cap. excl.) 11-5 mm.

Salibaboe, Talaut Islands, iii. (W. Doherty) ; 1 ?.

Similar to X. dicinctus Jord. (1894), from the same locality, but differs in the

pronotum bearing a white median stripe, the elytra a large shoulder-patch in

place of a subbasal band, the broad white transverse bands on the pro- and

metasterna, the diffuse but broad borders to the third and fourth abdominal

sternites, etc.

The white stripes on the head reach to the apex of the rostram; they

are narrowed, but not interrupted, on the anterior portion of the frons. The

bases of segments 4 and 5 of the antenna and the entire segments 7 and 8 are

white. The median stripe of the pronotum tapers at both ends and reaches

neither apex nor base, being centrally as broad as the space which separates it

from the dorso-lateral spot. This spot is slightly yellow behind, elliptical, with

the upper edge almost straight, its longitudinal diameter being a little longer than

the distance of the spot from the apical margin.

The yellow colour of the markings of the elytra may be an individual

character; the humeral patch extends to the first row of punctures, not counting

the scutellar row, and its posterior edge is almost semicircular, but somewhat

ragged; the humeral angle itself black; the postmedian band broader than in

X. bicinetus and the apical spot touches the apical margin. The pygidinm bears a

small spot on each side at the base.

The band of the prosternum is almost interrupted in the centre and extends

laterally to the subbasal depression, being traversed by a black line from the

coxa upwards, the line corresponding to the meral suture. The elongate lateral

spot on the mesosternite does not quite occupy the entire epimerum. The trans-

yerse fascia of the metasternite is broad and in the centre rather widely interrupted.

The abdominal sternite 2 bears sparse white pubescence near the apical margin,

while the next two segments have a broad but somewhat diffuse band from

side to side.

The legs are entirely but not very densely pubescent greyish white, with black

apices to the tibiae and to the tarsal segments.

25a. Xenocerus lacrymans lacrymans Thoms. (1857).

Andai, Roon and Kapanr, Dutch New Guinea (W. Doherty): 2 dd and 3 ? ?

Ureiuning, Aru Islands (C, Ribbe); 1 d and 1 .

26. Xenocerus striatus Jord. (1894).

Davao, Mindanao (Dr. Platen); 5d ¢ and 1 $.

One of the do agrees with the type, while the other five examples approach

X. compressicornis Jord. (1894), the sutural vitta being continued obliquely to the

outer margin. It is probable that striatus and compressicornis are forms of one

geographically and individually variable species.

27.

Xenocerus cinctus Jord. (1894).

Toli-Toli, North Celebes, xi—xii. 1895 (H. Frahstorfer) ; 1 3.

The specimen agrees with the examples from Amboina, whence came the name-

type and the other specimens which I have seen,

( 274 )

28. Xenocerus arciferus Blanch. (1853).

Honitetoe, West Ceram, iii. 1892 (Martin); 1 3.

Ilat, Boeroe, i. (W. Doherty); 1 3.

In the example from Boeroe (= Burn) the subapical white bar is absent. The

single other specimen in the Tring Museum from that island, but from an altitude

of about 3000 ft., isa 2 in which the bar is present. The example from the coast

(Ilat) represents perhaps a distinct subspecies.

29. Kenocerus niveofasciatus Gestro (1876).

Mafor, Geelvink Bay, Dutch New Guinea (Beccari) ; 2 dd and 2 ? ?, paratypes,

30, Kenocerus corae Gestro (1876).

Andai, Dutch New Guinea (W. Doherty); 2 dé dnd 329.

Andai, viii. 1892 (d’Albertis) ; 1 d and 1 ?, paratypes,

31. Xenocerus laevicollis Jord. (184).

Mt. Marapok, Dent Province, Brit. North Borneo; 1 ¢ and 1 9.

Bronei, North Borneo ; 3 dé.

32. Xenocerus licheneus spec. nov.

?. Niger, densissime lnteo-albo pubescens, antennis hand penicillatis, prothorace

tribus vittis nigris quarum media lata ornato, elytris macula semicireulari seutellari,

altera laterali submediana atqne area apicali nigris notatis, segmento ultimo

ventrali atro.

Long. (cap. exel.): 15 mm.

Hili Madjedja, North Nias, x.-xii. 1895 (1. Z. Kannegieter) ; 1 ?.

Tn facies similar to Y, speciosus Jord. (1898), but quite different in the struetnre

of the antenna and the position of the black markings. I expect the d-antenna

to have the third segment long, as in X. flagellatus.

Antenna black, the bases of segments 4 and 5 and the entire segments 7 and 8

white, 2 and 3 equal in length, 4 and 5 slightly compressed, pubescence appressed,

smooth. The black central stripe of the pronotum rounded at the sides, slightly

narrower in front than behind, the median depression only distinct posteriorly, the

black lateral stripe enclosing the carina of even width from apex to base, about half

the width of the buffish white dorso-lateral stripe. The basal spot surrounding the

scutellum semicircular, velvety black like the other markings of the upperside,

reaching nearly to the second line of punctures not counting the scutellar line;

seutellum also black ; a submedian patch extending from near the third line

of punctures to the lateral margin, where it is broadest, its anterior edge sinuous,

posterior edge obliquely incurved dorsally ; declivous apical area entirely velvety

black, the longitudinal diameter of this patch about as long as the distance from the

submedian spot, the patch slightly denticulate, with a larger tooth in second line of

punctures, a triangular sinus upon suture, an incision near margin and a linear

marginal projection extending to near median spot.

Median portion of mesosternite exclusive of intercoxal process black, anterior

( 275 )

side of midcoxa brown. Legs pubescent like body, the chitin of the tibiae slightly

reddish, the tibiae and tarsal segments 1 and 4 at apex, and tarsal segments

2 and 3 entirely black.

33. Kenocerus discrepans Jord. (1895).

Sonthern Palawan (J. Waterstradt) ; 1d and 2 ? ?.

The third seement of the d-antenna is long, as in X. /lagellatus Fahrs.

(1839).

34. Kenocerus humeralis Gestro (1876).

Korido, Geelvink Bay, Dutch New Guinea, iv. 1875 (Beccari); 1 ¢ and 1 2,

paratypes.

35. Kenocerus sambawanus Jord. (1895).

Aroe Hassa, Sambawa, 2000—5009 ft., ix—x. (W. Doherty) ; 1 d and 2 ? ?.

Tambora, Sambawa (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 3 dd and 4 ? ¢.

36, Kenocerus puncticollis Jord. (1894).

“ Philippines”; 1 2.

37a, Xenocerus equestris umbrinus Jord. (1898).

Gani, Halmaheira (W. Doherty); 1 ¢ and 1 .

37b. Kenocerus equestris equestris Pasc. (1860).

Ureiuning, Aroe Islands (C. Ribbe); 2 dd and 1 ¢.

This insect and X. ol/vaceus Motsch. (1874) appear to be geographical forms of

the same species. As the name egwestris has priority, it has to be taken as the

name for the entire species instead of olivaceus.

3c, Kenocerus equestris senex subsp. nov.

od ¢. A subspecie X. e. equestris dicta vitta suturali interrupta distinguendus.

Key Islands (Planten); 1 d and 1 .

Upperside more grey than in X. e, eguestris, The three stripes of the pronotum

practically alike in width, narrowed frontad. The basal margin of the elytra

greyish white; the discal streak one-third the length of the elytra ; the sutural

streak narrow at the base, then interrupted for a short distance, the transverse

branches somewhat angulate behind and only extending to the eighth interspace ;

no lateral line.

In ¢ the base of segment 4 of the antenna and the proximal half of 5 white,

10 qnite black (in our only example) ; in 2 the extreme tip of 7 and the whole of

8 white, as are also more or less the bases of 2 to 7, particularly 4 and 5.

37d. Kenocerus equestris toliensis Jord. (1898).

Toli-Toli, North Celebes, November—December 1895 (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 ¢,

( 276 )

37e. Kenocerus equestris olivaceus Motsch. (1874).

Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay, German New Guinea (Kunzmann); 1 d and 1 ?.

Milne Bay, British New Guinea ; 1d.

37f. Xenocerus equestris australicus Jord. (1895).

Somerset, Cape York, i. 1875 (d’Albertis) ; 1 9.

38. Xenocerus aluensis Jord. (1895).

Shortland Islands, Solomons (C. Ribbe); 1 d and 1 ?.

39. Xenocerus suturalis J@d. (1904).

Jobi Island, Geelyink Bay (W. Doherty); 1d and 1 @.

40, Xenocerus punctatus Jord. (1894).

Bua-Kraeng, Sonth Celebes, 5000 ft., February 1896 (H. Fruhstorfer); 1 3

and 1 ?.

Patunnang, South Celebes, January 1896 (HH. Frahstorfer); 1°.

41. Xenocerus acosmetus spec. noy.

3. Niger, supra pube fulvo-olivacea, subtus grisea tectns, capite Inteo-albo

trivittato, pronoto et elytris haud vittatis, his macula humerali nigra, altera mediana

transversa nigro-brannea in utroque elytro, atque fascia communi postice diffasa

nigro-brunnea ad apicem declivem sita notatis ; pygidio vitta media sat indistineta

brunneo-nigra. Antennarum articulo 3° in ¢ longo.

Long. (cap. excl.) : 14 mm.

Palawan ; 1 ¢.

The antenna is similar to that of /agellatus in the third segment being long.

The species is unlike any other in pattern. The scutellum is luteous grey, as is

also the basal edge of the elytra, particularly near the shoulders. The brown

median spot of the elytra is diffuse in front, rounded behind, and reaches neither

suture nor lateral margin ; the brown transverse fascia placed at the beginning of

the apical declivity is practically straight, slightly narrower than the median spot, —

and does not quite reach the lateral margin. The tarsal segments have black

apices as usnal.

42. Xenocerus deletus Pase. (1860).

Banguey Is. (J. Waterstradt) ;1 2.

Mt. Marapok, Dent Province, British North Borneo ; 2 dd.

Brunei, Borneo; 1 d and 1 ¢.

Doesonlanden, Dutch Borneo (C. Wahnes); 1 d and 1 9°.

Bedagei, East Sumatra, 600 ft., iv.vi. 1889 (I. Z. Kannegieter) ; 1 d,

Perak (W, Doherty); 1 ¢ and 1 2. ;

43, Xenocerus flagellatus Fahrs. (1839).

Mt. Tjikorai and Pengalengan, West Java, 4000 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer); 7 ¢¢3

apde6 92.) 4

Southern Java, 1500 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 ?.

Tengger Mts., Kast Java, 2000 ft. (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 12.

Tji Solak, Wynkoopsbaai (Grelak) ; 1 ¢.

Senggoro, Res. Pasoeroean (A. Koller); 1 3.

Djembea, Res. Besoeki, 1300-—2500 ft. (Méllinger) ; 1 ¢.

The white markings of the elytra are very variable in size, shape and number.

In the majority of specimens the postmedian transverse band is interrupted on each

elytrum; in a large number of examples, especially ? ?, it is complete, and in one

of our do it is reduced to a single spot situated on the suture. The discal

longitudinal streak is sometimes joined to this band. The lateral line is occasionally

continuous from the shoulder to the apical angle.

44. Xenocerus semiluctuosus Blanch. (1853).

Kairatoe, West Ceram, ii.-ii1. 1892 (Martin); 2 dd and 4 29.

Ilo, Ceram (C. Ribbe) ; 1 ?.

Wahaai, North Ceram, iv. 1892 (Martin); 1 ¢ and 3 ? @.

Roemasosae-Pasania, Central Ceram, ili.-iv. 1892 (Martin) ;3 d¢.

Saparoea, Uliassers, i. 1892 (Martin); 3 3d.

Hitu, Amboina, xii. 1892 (Martin); 1 @.

Leitimor, Amboina, x.-xii. 1897; 5 6d and 6 ? @.

Boeano, iii. 1892 (Martin); 1 ¢.

In the do from Saparoea the basal half of the elytra is white for the greater

part, which is not the case to that extent in any of our examples from Ceram and

Amboina.

45. Xenocerus buruanus Jord. (1898).

Kajeli, Boeroe, v.—vi. 1892 (Martin); 4 ¢¢ and 1 9.

Lat, Boeroe, i. (W. Doherty); 3 dd and 3 ? ?.

Interior of Boeroe, v. 1892 (Martin); 2 ¢d and 1 2.

Tifoe Bay, South Boeroe, vi. 1892 (Martin); 1 2.

Waé Kibo, Boeroe, v. 1892 (Martin); 1 ?.

The transverse postmedian band of the elytra is often produced forward at the

suture, but does not reach the basal sutural streak in any of the forty odd

specimens before me. The thin white lines situated in the basal half of the elytra

vary in length and distinctness.

( 278 )

SOME NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM GERMAN NEW GUINEA.

By 1HE Hon, WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R,S., Pu.D,

PAPILIONIDAE.

Troides chimaera flavidior subsp. nov.

3. Differs from 7. ch, chimaera in having the whole sides of the abdomen

black instead of merely striped with black.——On the forewing the green band above

vein 8 is much wider and complete to margin, the black patch between veins

3 and 4 is much larger, and there is a similar one between veins 2 and 3;

below vein 1 the space is entirely green from base to tornus with only a narrow

black edge. On the hindwing the yellow is more extended ; there is a tri-

angular yellow patch in area between veins 2 and 3, and the spaces between 3 and 4

and 4 and 5 are entirely yellow, and between 5 and 6 and 6 and 7 the yellow

extends beyond the black spots, which resemble a black pupil surrounded by a narrow

green iris. On the underside on the forewing the green is more extended, the

nervores much more narrowly black, and the discal macular band only repre-

sented by some small spots. On hindwing the yellow is extended the same as

on the upper side, but the black patch between veins | and 2 is munch larger.

Hab. Bolauberg, German New Guinea, 1200 m. (Keysser coll,).

I append a key to the three forms of 7roides chimaera :

1. Sides of abdomen entirely black. 2.

Sides of abdomen not entirely black, yellow not reaching beyond black spots

of hindwing . . chimaera chimaera (British New Guinea).

2. Spots on hindwing large, green, reaching into cell, yellow much reduced :

chimaera rothschildi (Dutch New Guinea).

8, Spots on hindwing small green, much reduced, yellow much extended:

chimaera flavidior (German New Guinea).

ARCTIADAE.

Ardices novaeguineae sp. nov.

3. Pectus crimson; palpi black ; antennae black ; bead and thorax chestnut

buff; abdomen dirty pale crimson ringed closely with black. Forewing chest-

nut. buff, large intraneural stripes, a postdiscal and a subterminal band black.

Hindwing black, a postmedian band, veins 1, 2, 3 and 4, and fringe

deep pink.

Length of forewing : 20 mm.

Hab, Bolauberg, German New Guinea, 2600 m, (Keysser coll.).

HEFIALIDAE,

Phassodes albostrigata sp. nov.

3. Head, antennae and thorax deep earth-brown; abdomen yellowish clay-

colour.—Forewing earth-brown; basal half irregularly blotch, with white ;

within the white blotches are some small metallic yellowish spots surrounded

(279 )

with grey rings; beyond the middle is a forked broad transverse white band and

irregular patches of white beyond running to termen; from the middle of the

wing to termen are four or five somewhat irregular rows of metallic pale yellow

spots, dots and streaks edged with grey.—Hindwing yellowish earth-brown,

with some indistinct dots; basal third clothed with rough yellow hair, fringe

yellow.

Length of forewing : 36 mm.

Hab. Bolauberg, German New Guinea, 3600 m. (Keysser coll.).

NOTES ON LYIAS UNDATUS BUTLER WITH THE

DESCRIPTION OF THE UNKNOWN FEMALE.

By tHe Hox. W. ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Px.D.

| Seitz, Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde, vol. ix., p. 159 (II. Abtl. Indo-

australica), H. Fruhstorfer describes wnxdatus Butl., placing it as a sub-

species of pyrene Linn. In the widest acceptance of that term it perhaps would

be right if we considered it as such, because it undoubtedly replaces pyrene in

Borneo, but the discovery of the ? described below makes me give it full specific

rank. I do this because the $ on the underside is quite unlike any other Ixias,

and is in appearance a mimic of Prioneris cornelia Vollh.

Ixias undatus Butl. ?.

Upperside: Forewing creamy white, apical one-fourth black, narrowing at

tornus, with white patches between veins 2 and 3, and 3 and 4, basal half of costal

area pale grey, nervures from 4 to 11 black, a large black discocellular stigma.

Hindwing creamy white, a black marginal band strongly crenulated along inside

edge, and the black colour running into the wings along the nervures.

Underside : Forewing cream-white, nervures almost entirely brownish black,

costal area brownish black varied with cream-white, the very wide outer margin

brownish black much broken into and variegated with white——Hindwing, basal

three-fourths golden yellow, nervures and a few scattered scales brownish black,

outer one-fourth brownish black.

Hab. Kina Balu, North Borneo, December 1898—February 1899 (J.

Waterstradt).

The 33 accompanying this specimen differ from Butler’s type in having the

border of the hindwings much narrower. They are identical with Baram River

specimens, and evidently represent the dry-season form.

( 280 )

ON SOME AUSTRALIAN FORMS OF TYTO.

By tug Hox. WALTER ROTHSCHILD ano ERNST HARTERT.

Wt have both always been particularly interested in the genus 7yto Billb.

When Hartert studied this genus in connection with his work on the

birds of the palaearctic region we looked together through the material of tropical

forms in the Tring Museum. Coming to the Australian ones, we found that our

friend Mr. G. M. Mathews had described not less than eight new subspecies, six

alone of 7yto novaehollandiae, which was hitherto supposed to consist of two forms

only: 7. novaehollandiae novaehollandiae and T. novaehollandiae castanops, the

former being spread all over Australia, the latter representing it in Tasmania,

As we could not make out Mr. Mathews’ subspecies from our scanty material we

asked him to lend us his specimens, and looked over those in the British Museum,

and from our study of this material we come to the following conclusions :

J. Forms or Vy7o axsa.

1, Tyto alba alexandrae Math.

Nov, Zool. xix. p. 256 (January 1912—*“ Northern Territory, North Queensland ”).

The author says that it differs from 7. a. delicatula of Queensland, New South

Wales, Victoria, and South Australia in its much smaller wing, which measures

290 mm., as opposed to 310—340 mm. in “typ. birds,” by which he evidently

means 7. alba delicatula. The published measurements of Mr. Mathews must be

due to an unexplainable error or slip, as the wings of a number of 7. a. delicatula

from South Australia and Victoria measnre only 281—294 mm., those of his

“alexandrae” 280—293 mm. There is not the slightest difference, either in

colour or in dimensions, and “ alevandrae” is therefore a clear synonym of

T. a. delicatula.

Il. Forms or Vyro wovagnottanpiag.

2. Tyto novaehollandiae perplexa Math.

Nov. Zool. xix. p. 257 (January 1912—‘* West Australia, type from Hast Beverley ”).

The diagnosis is: “ Differs from 7. n. novaehollandiae in its larger size and

darker coloration.” No measurements are given.

The type of 7... perplera is a female, with the wing 342 mm, It would

seem that Mr. Mathews had not been aware of the fact that in 7. novaehollandiae

the sexes differ in size, the female being considerably larger, with the wings from

2 to 3 cm. longer; nor of the fact that nearly all species of the genus Tyto vary

individually to a great extent, like so many other owls. If he had known these

facts he could not have described a female as a new subspecies because its wings

were 2 or 3 cm, longer, or because its upperside is a shade richer in colour than |

most other specimens of what he then considered to be 7. novaehollandiae, in

January 1912. If he splits the species up into seven or eight forms, as he did

in April 1912, his perplexa would in any case be the same as his Aimberli and whitei,

( 281 )

3. Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli Math.

Nov, Zool. xix. p. 257 (April 1912—* North-west Australia.” Terra typica: East Kimberley).

Diagnosis : “ Differs from 7. ”. novaehollandiae in its much paler coloration

and smaller size.” Measurements not given.

There was no justification for the separation of this supposed “ /imberli” in

January 1912. The type is not smaller than males of what the author called

novaehollandiae from other localities at that time, and the somewhat pale colour

loses all significance if only one glance is cast on a pair from the South Alligator

River in the Tring Museum, which differ from each other much more than the

type of “ Aémberli” does from other specimens, 7. x. kimberli must therefore be

united with white’ and perplewa.

4. Tyto novaehollandiae mackayi Math.

Austral Avian Record i, 2. p. 34 (April 1912— Queensland.” Terra typica; Mackay).

Diagnosis : “ Differs from 7. n. novaehollandiae in haying the facial disc

white, with the feathers round the eye chocolate at the base ; it is lighter above,

and lacks the buff on the lower surface. Wing 515 mm.”

The diagnosis is not elucidating, as the supposed differences of 7. n. novae-

hollandiae alone are given, which Mr. Mathews does not characterize, and of which,

since he now separates the South Australian and Victorian forms, there is no skin

in his coJlection, as it must be restricted to New South Wales, according to his

recent views. All Queensland, North-West Australian, and West Australian skins

before us have similar white facial dises! In fact, “ machkayi” is perfectly similar

to “ kimberli” and “ whitet.”

5. Tyto novaehollandiae whitei Math.

Austral Avian Record, i, 2, p. 34 (April 1912—“ South Australia,” Type: Adelaide).

Diagnosis: “ Differs from 7. 7. machayi in its darker upper-surface and

smaller size: wing, 301 mm.”

This diagnosis—emphasizing a trivial difference in the colour of the upper-

side—clearly shows that Mr. Mathews was not aware of the great individual

variations exhibited in most forms of the genus 7yfo, and the difference in size is

irrelevant ; we measure the wing 307 mm. There is no appreciable difference

between “ whitei,” “ mackayi,” © himberli,? and “ perplexca.”

We may call attention to the fact that Gould (B. Australia i.) says that he

never shot a “white” specimen in South Australia, while the type of ‘“ white:”

has the underside quite white. The supposed w/cte/ can therefore not be separated

from himberli, perpleaa, ete.

6. Tyto novaehollandiae riordani Math.

Austral Avian Record, i, 2, p, 35 (April 1912—“ Victoria.” Type: ‘‘ Warnambool”).

Diagnosis : ‘ Differs from all other subspecies of 7. novaehollandiae in its

darker upper-surface and larger-sized wing, 343 mm.”

We cannot agree with these statements: the upperside of the type of

“riordani” is to our eyes a shade less deep than in the type of perplexa, aud the

( 282 )

wing (which we measnre 351 mm.) is only 9 mm. longer than in the latter; moreover,

the author evidently forgot to think of castanops, which is also a subspecies of

novaehollandiae. Worst of all, he does not state the differencesfrom 7. xovachollandiae

novaehollandiae; for the latter he fixed the type locality as New South Wales,

which seems to belong to the same faunal region as Victoria. Probably Mr.

Mathews regards as “typical” novaehollandiae a large form with brownish face

and brownish underside, inhabiting New South Wales only. If that be so, his

riordani would probably be the same, as one of his two specimens (a young bird)

is brown underneath, the other almost pure white. If we take this view, and

presume that the birds from Queensland, West Australia, and North-west, as well

as those from South Australia, are always white or nearly white below, the latter

could be separated under Mr. Mathews’ first name: perpleaa.

7. Tyto novaehollandiae melvillensis Math.

Austral Avian Record, i, 2, p. 35 (April 1912—Melville Island),

Diagnosis : “ Differs from 7. x. perpleva in its smaller size and darker buff

below.” Measurements ot given.

Mr. Mathews possesses two specimeus, both marked “ ¢ ”; one is apparently

adult, another, unfortunately marked as the type, is a young bird with remains of

down. The adult “ ? ” has a wing of 300 mm., which would be small for a female,

but is it correctly sexed? This bird is not darker buff below than “ perplexa.”

The other specimen is underneath darker buff than “ perplexa” ; its wing measures

over 320 mm., but cannot be relied upon, as it is a young bird, Both have the upper

surface a shade darker than the other owls of this species from Australia. It is there-

fore possible, but—considering the variation of Barn-owls—needs to be confirmed by

a better series, that the Melville owl differs slightly and will have to be called

melvillensis. The material on which Mr. Mathews based his new subspecies would

not have been sufticient for us to separate it.

All which a study of these forms admits of being done at present is to assame—

(A) 7. n. novaehollandiae, a larger and (underneath) darker form from Victoria

and New South Wales (synonym riordan’), to be confirmed by a

series !

(B) 7. novaehollandiae perplexa from the rest of Australia (underneath never

brownish ? and averaging smaller, synonyms imberli, mackayi, whitei).

which rests on one adult—apparently wrongly sexed—and one juvenile

specimen, and which requires further confirmation !

Besides these birds we have, in the Tring Museum, two remarkable specimens ©

of the species 7. novaehollandiae. One is a skin purchased from a dealer in

London, without locality, but probably from New South Wales. It is above of a

bright yellowish orange-buff, with less extended black markings than usually, and

the white ones rather more extended. Underside pale yellowish buff, whitish in

the middle of the abdomen and belly. Spots on underside large, flanks with arrow-

head-shaped blackish spots. It is a young bird in its first full plumage, and,

judging from the size of the feet and bill, a female. We can, of course, not say if

this one specimen is a variety of 7. n. novaehollandiae, which we believe it is, or a

local form from an uncertain locality. There is a somewhat similar example in the

British Museum,

( 283 )

The other curious specimen is an adult male from Cape York, collected by

Mr. A. S. Meek on August 4, 1898. The upper surface is entirely black and white,

withont all yellowish or rufous colour, the underside pure silky-white with only

very few tiny blackish spots. Wing, 286 mm. This is most likely a new race,

but we do not venture to separate it on the evidence of one single bird !

Last of all we come to

Tyto novaehollandiae castanops

from Tasmania.

This subspecies is supposed to be very distinct, so that it was even kept

separate by Sharpe in 1875 (Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 305), who had, a few pages

before, united 7. a. “flammea” (auct.) from Central Europe, 7. a. aléa from the

Mediterranean, insularis, poensis, indica, delicatula, pratincola (!), furcata (!),

punctatissima, ete. ete. ete. We quite agree that castanops must be separated

as a subspecies on account of the generally more orauge-buff upperside, generally

dark brownish underside, brown facial disc, and averaging larger size. There

are, however, specimens with the upperside quite as in typical novaehollandiae,

while others have the underside almost whitish, and the facial disc much lighter.

Wings, ¢ 318 or 820, 2 350—370 mm.

III. Forms or Vyz0 reyesricosa.

1. Tyto tenebricosa tenebricosa

has been restricted to New South Wales by Mr. Mathews.

2. Tyto tenebricosa multipunctata Mathews.

Nov. Zool. xix. p. 255 (January 1912—North Queensland, type locality : Johnston River).

Diaguosis: “ Difters from 7. ¢. tenebricosz in its smaller size, and more

spotting above and below. Wing, 263 mm.; typ. w. 290 mm.”

This is, judging from the material available—/.e. the type in Mr. Mathews’

collection and two males from Cedar Bay in North Queensland—collected by

Mr. A. 8. Meek, in the Tring Museum, an excellent new form. We measure the

type with a wing of 265, and our two males from Cedar Bay with wings of 240

and 242 mm. We believe, however, that the type is wrongly sexed, being a

female, nota male. The upperside is ornamented with much larger white spots

and more distinctly mottled with whitish,

3. Tyto tenebricosa magna Mathews.

Nov, Zool. xix. p. 258 (January 1912—“ Victoria ”).

Diagnosis : “ Differs from 7’. ¢. tenebricosa in its larger size, darker coloration,

and less spotting. Wing, 343 mm.; typ. w. 290.”

We are sorry to say that Mr. Mathews has described the female as a new

subspecies from comparison with males. Had he cast one glance at our series

of Tyto tenebricosa arfaki from British New Guinea, or looked up statements of

writers on Anstralian birds, he would have fonnd that the sexes differ enormously

in size in these birds, In our 7” ¢. avfahki, for example, we find males with wings

of 255, and females from the same place with wings of 300 mm, Moreover, the

( 284 )

statement that the type of 7yto tenebricosa magna is darker and less spotted is

incorrect, as far as the specimens before us are concerned. It is thus clear that

“ magna” is a sure synonym of fenebricosa, and we can at present only admit :

Tyto tenebricosa tenebricosa : Australia (New 8. Wales !).

Tyto tenebricosa multipunctata: North Queensland.

Tyto tenebricosa arfaki: New Guinea,

With regard to the much ventilated question of the generic names of the

genus, we can ouly repeat what Mr. Mathews has said—/.c. that 7'yfo is its oldest

name. Some authors would, however, reject it, on account of Tyta, a generic title

established by the same author (Billberg) some years previously. Under the

existing rules we cannot justify the rejection of Z'yto, which is distinguishable in

orthography and by ear from Tyta, and which was most probably made by

Billberg in order to distinguish it from his Tyta, but should it be arbitrarily

rejected, the name /vammea Fournel (1836), and not “ Hysris,’ would have to

be employed.

DER WANDERFALKE UND DIE LEMMINGZUGE.

Von BENGT BERG.

i Bse friiheste Eindruek, dessen ich mich im Zusammenhang mit dem Begriff

Lemming wanderung erinunere, ist eine Abbildung in Brehms “ Vom Nordpol

zum Equator,” schwedische Auflage. Das Bild stellt einen Lemmingzug dar,

worin die Lemminge nach der iiblichen Ilustratorenanffassung als ein dichtes

Heer vorwiirtsgehen, so dicht, dass es fiir die meisten Individuen ansgeschlossen

erscheint, Nahrung zu suchen.

Wiihrend der vier Lemmingjahre, in denen ich im nérdlichen Skandinayien

Gelegenheit gehabt habe, die kleinen wandernden Nagetiere zu beobachten, ist es

mir nie vergénnt gewesen, sie auf diese Weise, in dicht geschlossener Schar

vorwiirtsziehen zu sehen, und ich wage zu bezweifeln, dass sie es tun, mit

Ausnahme derjenigen Fiille, wo eine besonders schwer iiberwindliche Oertlichkeit

sie dazu zwingen kéonte. Meine Erfahrung hat gelehrt, dass bei den Wanderungen

der Lemminge selten mehr als einige Stiicke in Gesellschaft auftreten. Meist

sind sie, einer hier, einer da, iiber die Hochebenen und Waldungen verstrent.

Dagegen kann man bucehstiiblich sagen, dass sich da in jedem Stranche einer findet.

Doch dies betraf nicht den ornithologischen Fehlgriff, den die Illustration

bei Brehm zeigte. Dieser besteht seinerseits in der wohlbekannten Tatsache,

dass da ein Falco peregrinus za sehen ist: ein alter Vogel, mit einem offenbar

soeben gefangenen Lemming in den Krallen.

Es ist nun sicherlich nicht meine Absicht, hier einen vereinzelten Missgriff in

dem Werke eines beriihmten Autors zu kritisieren. Es ist auf der einen Seite nicht

ausgeschlossen, wenn auch kaum glaublich, dass ein Wanderfalke einen Lemming

aus der Menge, die sich unter iam bewegte, nehmen kénnte, aber anderseits darf

man es als wenig gliicklich gewiihlt ansehen, dass ein Edelfalke, der in der Regel

nur fliegende Bente ergreift, in einer belehrenden Arbeit in einer solechen Situation

dargestellt wird, Indes hat der Urheber des Bildes oder des Textes sicherlich

( 285 )

eewusst, dass der Wanderfalke wiihrend der Lemmingjahre in grosser Zahl

innerhalb der lemmingreichen Gegenden vorkommt. Hs geschieht oft, dass

dieser Vogel, der doch in der Regel Felsennister ist, um das Lemminggebiet der

Tundren bewohnen zu kénnen, sich damit begniigt, seine Hier auf die flache

Hochebene zu legen.

Wenn es also auch nicht seine Gewohnheit ist, aus dem Ueberfluss von Nagern

zu nehmen, mit denen seine Anwesenheit doch offenbar im Zusammenhang steht,

so fragt man sich mit Recht: Warum ist er da? Was sucht er, und wovon

ernihrt er sich ?

Und die Wahrnehmungen, die ich zu machen Gelegenheit hatte, heissen mich

ohne Bedenken antworten: Der Wanderfalke kommt nicht, um sich von den

Lemmingen zu erniihren, sondern um sich den Ueberfluss von Vigeln, vor allem

Sumpfohrenlen, zunutze zu machen, die ihrerseits unmittelbar der Lemminge

wegen kommen. ‘

Ich weiss nicht, ob jemals eine Erfahrung itber diesen Fall veréffentlicht

worden ist. Es ist mir nicht verginnt, alle Literatur anf diesem Gebiet durchlesen

zu kénnen ; jedenfalls ist mir nichts, was meine Beobachtung deckt, vor Augen

gekommen.

In vier verschiedenen Fiillen habe ich Gelegenheit gehabt zu konstatieren,

dass Falco peregrinus wiihrend eines Lemmingjahres innerhalb des Nagergebiets

sich von Asio flammeus (= Otus brachyotus auct.) erniihrt. Alle diese Fiille fallen

in das Jahr 1911; und dass ich nicht auch wiihrend mehrerer vorhergehenden

Jahre eine iihnliche Hrfahrung gemacht habe, das hat seinen Grund darin, dass

ich damals wiihrend der Lemmingjahre zufiillig nicht diejenigen Gegenden besuchte,

wo ich in Beriihrung mit dem Wanderfalken kam. Seine Verbreitung im nérdlichen

Skandinavien ist sehr sporadisch.

Tm Mai 1911, in der Nacht zwischen dem siebten und achten, war ich auf einer

mehrere Meilen weiten Skifahrt unterwegs, um im Neste die Hier eines Goldadlers

za photographieren, der so dunkelrot gefleckte Hier legt wie kein andrer mir

bekannter Goldadler. In der Gegend waren Raubvégel in Hiille und Fiille. Es

gelang mir bei derselben Gelegeuheit, ein altes Habichtweibchen im Nest gut zu

photographieren—ich vergalt Frau Habicht ihre Gefiilligkeit damit, dass ich weder

sie noch ihre Hier wegnahm. Aber nicht genug damit. Nachdem ich nach vieler

Miihsal das Goldadlernest erreicht hatte, wo natiirlich kein Adler zu Hause war,

und nachdem ich oben auf dem Baume gewesen war, photographiert und die

hiibschen Hier an mich genommen hatte, hérte ich auf dem Riickweg ein paar

Wanderfalken schreien. Da ich vermutete, dass sie vielleicht des Adlers wegen

schrien, und da ich gerne den Vogel sehen wollte, der so schine Wier leste,

schlich ich waldaufwiirts, so gut es sich auf Schneeschuhen schleichen liess.

Einen der Falken sah ich oben unter einer steilen Felswand jenseits der

Waldwipfel. Als der Wald sich nach dem Hohe hin lichtete, sah ich auch den

andern; der erste war das Miinnchen gewesen; und ich war verwundert dariiber,

dass sie so hoch oben wohnten. Wenn ich mich recht erinnere, wachs keine Birke

iiber ihnen. Wenn ich sage, sie wolnten, so meine ich, dass sie zu wohnen

beabsichtigten, denn zu dieser Zeit, Anfang Mai, hat der Wanderfalke in Lapp-

marken noch nicht daran gedacht, sein Nest in Ordnung zn bringen, sondern hiilt

sich bloss als Riiuber in der Gegend anf. Hin Adler war nicht zu erblicken, doch

plétzlich wurde meine Verwunderung durch eine Menge Federn der Sumpfohreule

geweckt, die unterhalb der Ielswand auf dem Schnee verstreut lagen um einen

( 286 )

einzelnen hohen Stein herum. Ich entdeckte sofort, dass auch oben auf dem

beschneiten Rande des Steines Ueberreste der HEule lagen, aber der Stein war

hoch und steil, und ich war miide und hatte die Schneeschuhe an den Fiissen.

So begniigte ich mich denn damit, verwundert zu konstatieren, dass hier

eine frisch zerpfliickte Sumpfohreule lag, und dass ein andrer als einer der

anwesenden Wanderfalken schwerlich der Mérder sein konnte. Warum die Vogel

bei dieser Gelegenheit schrien und zornig waren, so lange Zeit bevor sie Kier

legten, ist mir nie klar geworden. Méglich ist es ja, dass der in der Nihe

wohnende Adler, von mir unbemerkt, unmittelbar vorher voriibergestrichen

war, und dass einer der Falken in Erregung dariiber geriet, dass er bei seiner

Bente gestirt wurde. Soust pflegen alte Edelfalken bei einem Raub meist zu

schweigen.

Hin paar Wochen spiiter lag ich dranssen auf einem Moorgeliinde in derselben

Gegend, um einige Wasserliiufer (Totanus fuscus) 20 beobachten, die soeben auf

dem Brutplatze eingetroffen waren, Driiben iiber dem Moor und dem niedrigen

Birkenwald flogen mehrere Sumpfohreulen hin, fiinf oder sechs Stiick, in der fiir

sie charakteristischen Weise: hin und her, vermutlich um die kleinen Nagetiere

(Arvicola rutilus und rufocanus) aufzusuchen, die als Vorboten einer Lemming-

wanderung in diesen Gegenden hiiufig vorzukommen pflegen. Wiihrend ich still

dalag, in ein Zwergbirkengebiisch gedriickt, kamen die Eulen immer _niiher,

einander in einer Hohe von zehn Metern mit den ihnen eigentiimlichen langen,

hebenden Fliigelschliigen umkreisend. Ich vergass dariiber meine Wasserliiufer

vollstiindig. Es war frith am Morgen, aber die Sonne ging bereits um ein Uhr

nachts auf, so dass volles Tageslicht herrschte.

Als die Eulen nun mit jedem Augenblick niiher und niiher kreisten, tanchten

sie alle plitzlich wie auf ein gegebenes Zeichen auf die ebene Erde unter und

waren fiir mich verschwanden, und zugleich erblickte ich einen Wanderfalken,

der mit gewohnter Bile iiber dem Moor herangejagt kam. Hr kam direkt auf

mich zu, hielt flatternd einen Augenblick iiber der Stelle inne, wo die Eulen

eingefallen waren, erhob sich ein Stiick und hielt von neuem inne, wie ein

Turmfalke flatternd. Dann warde er wahrscheinlich der Sache iiberdriissig nnd

flog in bestimmter Richtung von dannen.

Ich wartete, dass er vielleicht zuriickkommen wiirde ; es war mir jetzt ganz

klar geworden, dass sein Interesse mit den Eulen verkniipft war, aber er erschien

vorliinfig nicht wieder. Wohl eine Viertelstunde lag ich still in meinem Gebiisch

und bekam keine Eule zn sehen. Da dauerte mir die Geschichte zu lange, und

ich stand auf. Die Eulen, wenigstens einige, mussten sich bloss einen Steinwarf

yon mir entfernt niedergelassen haben; aber obgleich ich nun anfrecht. stand

und in der Niihe in dem Moor nur niedriges Buschwerk wuchs, flog keine Eule

auf. Da ich nichts mehr an Ort und Stelle zu tun hatte, nahm ich meine Kamera

und ging auf das Lager zu. Da flog, als ich einige Schritte weit gegangen war,

eine Sumpfohreule vor mir auf. Gleich danach noch eine, ganz dicht neben meinen

Fiissen, wo sie auf dem flachen Moorboden gekanert hatte. Keine von ihnen flog

weit—bloss etwa hundert Meter. Dort warfen sie sich wieder zu Boden auf

dieselbe Art, wie sie es zu tun pflegen, wenn man sie im Herbst auf den Strand-

wiesen am Meere trifft. Offenbar sass der Schreck vor dem Wanderfalken noch

in ihnen. Ihr Verhalten ist dem yon Rebhiihnern vollkommen analog, denen bei

der Jagd unvermnutet von einem Habicht nachgestellt wird.

Wenn nun die Sumpfohreulen selbst so stark auf die Anwesenheit des

( 287 )

Wanderfalken reagieren, so halte ich das fiir den handgreiflichsten Beweis dafiir,

dass sie in ihm einen regelmiissigen gefiihrlichen Feind sehen.

Einen Tag darauf kam ein lappliindischer Hirte zu mir mit einer Sumpfohreule,

die er nach seiner eiguen Aussage einem ‘‘Stuor Habak” wege¢enommen, der die

Eule unmittelbar vor den Augen des Hirten geschlagen und sich dann mit ihr in

einiger Entfernung niedergelassen habe. Nun bedeutet “ Stuor Habak” allerdings

auf Tornelappliindisch ‘“ Gerfalk,” also “ Falco gyrfalco,’ aber da ich meine

Freunde, die Lappen, kenne, weiss ich, dass sie keinen besondern Namen fiir den

Wanderfalken haben, den sie im Winter nicht zu sehen bekommen, sondern ihn

in der Regel mit demselben Namen wie den Jagdfalken (Gerfalken) benennen.

Es kommt hinzu, dass in dem fraglichen Geliinde keine Jagdfalken vorzukommen

pflegten, wohl aber Wanderfalken, die in der Niihe briiteten. Ich habe auch bei

mehreren Jagdfalkennestern, die ich untersuchte, niemals Federn von Sumpf-

ohreulen, sondern fast nur yon Schneehiihnern gefunden.

In dem vierten Fall, wo ich beobachtete, dass der Wanderfalke Sumpfohreulen

fangt, erhielt ich den untriiglichsten Beweis dafiir, dass der Falke diesem Vogel

nicht nur in grossem Massstabe nachstellt, sondern dass die Hule sogar als die

hauptsiichliche Nahrung des Wanderfalken angesehn werden kann.

Es war Mitte Juni, als ich von einem Ansiedler auf eine Waldhéhe gefiihrt

wurde, auf der seiner Behauptung nach ein “ Habicht” an der Felswand sein Nest

habe. Natiirlich wusste ich sofort, was fiir ein ‘ Habicht” das war, da der

Hiihner-Habicht bloss auf Biiamen nistet. Als ich den Ansiedler fragte, wie der

Vogel schreie, begann er sofort ihn nachzuahmen, und damit war der Wanderfalke

identifiziert. Der Jagdfalke, der in gewissen Altersgraden ebenso wie der

Wanderfalke schreit, kam in der Gegend nicht briitend vor; das wusste ich

bestimmt.

Ich stieg nun meine Anhdhe hinauf und suchte mir einen Weg durch den Wald

hindurch nach der Seite hin, wo die steilen Abhiinge zu finden sein sollten. Ich

fand sie auch; es war eine kilometerlange, zwischen 20 und 30 Metern hohe, jiih

abfallende Felswand auf einen See hinans; und als ich auf einen Felsvorsprung

trat, um von dort aus zu versuchen, die Lage des Falkennestes zu entdecken,

was fand ich auf dem iiussersten Felsenrande? Federn und Ueberreste einer

Sampfohreule.

Von einem Wanderfalken erblickte ich noch nichts, aber in demselben Augen-

blick, als ich die zerpfliickte Hrdeule sah, wusste ich ja, dass er nicht weit entfernt

sein konnte. Zugleich verbliiffte es mich, dass der Falke seine Eulen so weit

hierher trag. In der niichsten Umgebung war niimlich ein tiefer Waldsee und

darum herum hoher Nadelwald auf diirrem, felsizem Grunde, und die niichste

Stelle, wo eine Erdeule nisten konnte, lag mehrere Kilometer weit. Bei niiherer

Kenntnis der Gegend fand ich, dass die Falken mehrere ihrer Eulen aus einer

Entfernung von iiber zehn Kilometern holen mussten. Sie hatten niimlich

mehrere. Wiihrend ich an dem Abhang entlang vorwiirts ging, fand ich auf den

Absiitzen sechs Stiick, d. h. natiirlich bloss einen Haufen ausgerissener Federn

und einen Fliigel oder Fuss; und ich bin iiberzeugt, dass weiter abwiirts an der

Felsenwand, wohin ich nicht gelangen konnte, noch mehr lagen. Das Ganze

erinnerte mich vollkommen an die Art des Jagdfalken, alle Absiitze und Vor-

spriinge der Felsenwand dort, wo er sein Nest hat, mit Schneehiihnern zu

garnieren, Hier nun waren es lauter Sumpfohreulen. Ich sah keine einzige

Feder yon einem andern Vogel, bevor ich das Nest fand,

( 288 )

Es dauerte recht lange, bis ich letzteres fand. Als ich keinen Vogel sah,

las ich faustgrosse Steine auf und liess sie gegen den Abhang prallen, wo es

zweckmiissig zu sein schien. (Wenn ein allzu sentimentaler Tierschutzapostel mir

vorwerfen wollte, dass ich mit solehen Steinwiirfen die Végel oder das Nest zu

treffen riskierte, méchte ich bloss einwenden, dass die Aussichten fiir die Vogel,

in dem Nest getroften zu werden, ungefiihr ebenso gross waren wie meine Chancen,

ein Meteor auf den Kopf zu bekommen, wenn ich eine Sternschnuppe betrachte.)

Das Manéver mit den Steinen gelang mir schliesslich doch. Das Wanderfalken-

weibchen flog plitalich, von dem Getise aufgeschencht, aus einer Felsspalte

unter mir anf,

Zuerst wusste ich mir keinen Rat, wie ich zu dem Nest hinabgelangen konnte,

aber nach langem Suchen und dadureh, dass ich auf der Seite der Felswand ein

Stiick abwirts ging, gelang es mir, einen Absatz zu finden, der zu dem Neste

fiihrte. Da lagen vier Hier und die Ueberreste yon zwei Sumpfohrenlen.

Ausserdem Federn von einem Totanus glareola und yon zwei, vielleicht drei

Pfeifenten, Aber die Uberreste dieser letzteren hatten sehr lange gelegen und

rithrten méglicherweise ans einer Periode des Friihlings her, da noch keine

Erdeulen am Platze zu finden waren, Es ist zu bemerken, dass keiner dieser

Ranubiiberreste im Neste selbst lag, das bloss eine seichte Vertiefung mit

einigen losen Blécken darum war, sondern einzeln ringsum auf Absiitzen und

Felsenriindern.

An dieser Stelle fand ich also nicht weniger als acht Sumpfohreulen; und

dies in Verbindung mit dem yorher Angefiihrten bietet nach meiner Ansicht eine

ausreichende Erkliirung fiir die értliche Vermehrung und Anwesenheit des

Wanderfalken in Gebieten, wo Lemmingwanderungen stattfinden, Ich habe es

fiir unnétig gebalten, vorher zu erkliiren, dass die Sumpfohreale véllig abhangig

ist von der Nagetiervermehrung in den Lemmingjahren, und dass sie wahrend

der andern Jahre in den betreffenden Gegenden sehr selten ist. Gelegentlich

werde ich an andrer Stelle auf diese letztere Frage und auf eine Erérterang

der Lemmingwanderungen im allgemeinen, sowie den mit ihnen verbundnen

Stammesverschiebungen der Fauna zuriickkommen.

( 289 )

ORNITHOLOGISCHE MISZELLEN AUS DEM

INDO-AUSTRALISCHEN GEBIET,

Voy ERWIN STRESEMANN,

II. TEIL,*

XIX. Die Formen von Artamus /eucorhynchos (L.).

Ubersicht.

A. Oberkopf, Kehle und Kropf schwarzlich

graner Ténung :

a. Riicken in der Regel mit ausgesprochen briunlichem Ton: Schnabel |

und relativ schlank ; durchschnittliche Fliigellinge etwa 135 mm.

grau oder russfarben mit geringer

ang

A. 1. leucorhynchos.

b. Riicken in der Regel mit sehr geringem briiunlichem Ton; die Oberseite

ist in folgedessen nahezu einfarbig ; Schnabel lang und an der Basis

relativ hoch ; durchschnittliche Fliigelliinge etwa 135 mm.

A. 1. musschenbroehi.

B. Oberkopf, Keble und Kropf dunkel schieferfarben, meist wesentlich heller

als bei der Gruppe A:

a. Schnabel lang und schlank, Fliigel, meist iiber 135 mm. A. 1. celebensis.

b. Schnabel relativ kurz, Fliigel stets unter 135 mm. A. 1, humei.

C. Oberkopf, Kehle und Kropf in der Regel heller als bei der Gruppe A and

dunkler als bei der Gruppe B:

a. Schnabel relativ kurz, von der gleichen Gestalt wie bei

Fliigelliinge im Durchschnitt etwa 129 mm. A. 1. leucopygialis,

b. Schnabel linger, Fliigel in der Regel iiber 129 mm, A. 1. papuensis.

D. Oberkopf, Kehle und Kropf russschwarz, gewohnlich ohne graue Ténung :

a. Riicken in der Regel mit ausgesprochen briiunlicher Tonung

A. 1. humei,

A. 1. melaleucus,

b. Riicken in der Regel schwiirzlich ohne deutlich hervortretende braune

Tonung A, Ll. pelewensis.

Zeichenerklarung.

Es bedenten :

Massangaben ohne Zusatz : Exempl. des Tring-Museums.

- mit einem * ; - des British Museum.

x mit einem f : - der Collection G, M. Mathews.

P=nach Parrot, Beitriige zur Ornithologie Sumatras, in Ads. K Bayer.

Akad. d. Wiss, ii. Kl, vol. xxiv. p. 228.

M = nach A. B. Meyer, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn. vol. 3 pp. 19, 20.

F = nach Finsch, Not, Leyd. Mus. vol. 26 p. 67.

V = nach Vorderman, Naf, Tijdschr, Ned. Ind. vol. 52 p. 193.

B = nach Briiggemann, Ads, Nat, Ver. Bremen vol. 5 p. 69.

* I. Teil ; Nov. Zool. vol, xix. pp. 311-51.

( 290 )

1. Artamus leucorhynchos leucorhynchos (L ).

Lanius leucoryn. Linnaeus, Mantissa p. 524 (1771—Manilla),

Lanius philippinus Seopoli, Delic. Flor. et Faun, Insubr. vol. ii p. 85 (1785—Philippinen).

Lanius leucorhynchos Gmelin, Syst. Nat, vol. i p. 305 (1788— Manilla).

Lanius dominicianus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. vol, i p. 307 (1788 —Poilippinen).

Ocypterus leucogaster Valencienne, Mém. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat, vol. vi p. 21 t. vii £. 2 (1820—nom. noy,

pro Lanius leucorhynchos Gmelin),

In Not. Leyd. Mus. 1910 p. 152 citiert van Oort nieht Linné, sondern Gmelin

als Autoren des Namens leucorhynchos mit der Bogriindung, dass die Bezeichnung in

der Mantissa Plantarum nicht ausgeschrieben warde, Verwirft man indessen den

Linnéschen Namen, so hat Scopolis Lanius philippinus, womit zweifellos die

vorliegende Form gemeint ist, vor Gmelin’s Lanius leucorhynchos die Prioritiit.

Exemplare von den Suala-Inseln scheinen mit solehen von den Philippinen

iibereinzustimmen ; dagegen muss die Identitiéit der letzteren mit Borneo- und

Bunguran-Stiicken noch an der Hand grésserer Serien erwiesen werden. Nach den

im Tring-Musenm befindlichen 4 Exemplaren vom Natuna-Archipel hat es den

Anschein, als sei diese Inselgruppe von einer eigenen Form bewohnt, die sich durch

wesentlich schwiirzlicheren, weniger braiunlichen Riicken von der typischen

unterscheidet. Doch finden sich gleichgefirbte Exemplare anch gelegentlich unter

Philippinenvégeln,

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Philippinen: 130*, 131*, 132, 132, 182, 132, 132, 132%, 132%, 132%, 133, 133,

133*, 134, 134, 134%, 134%, 134", 134%, 134%, 134%, 134%, 134%, 135, 135%, 135%, 135%,

135*, 135%, 135%, 135%, 135%) 136, 136", 136%, 136%, 136%, 136*, 136%, 136*, 136°,

137, 187, 137*, 138, 138, 138, 140*, 141, 142*—Durchschnitt von 50 Ex,:

1349 mm. P

Sulu-Archipel: 134, 134, 136, 136*, 138, 138.

Borneo: 132*, 133, 136, 136*, 138 [M].

[11 Ex. nach F.: 132—141].

Bunguran : 138,

Sirhassen :7138,

Verbreitung: Philippinen, Palawan, Suala-Archipel, Borneo (?), Natana-

Archipel (?).

2. Artamus leucorhynchos celebensis Briiggem.

Artamus leucorhynchos, var. celebensis Briiggemann, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen vol. v p. 69 (1876—

Celebes).

Die geographische Begrenzang dieser Form ist zar Zeit noch unsicher. Lhre

typischste Ausbildung scheint sie in Nord-Celebes zu erreichen, doch diirfen

offenbar auch die Vogel von Buton, Djaimpea und den Inseln zwischen Sambawa

und Flores hierzu gerechnet werden, Autfallend ist die Kurzfliigligkeit der bisher

gemessenen Saleyer-Stiicke, die eine Parallele zu dem Befund bei Pratincola

caprata albonotata Stres. bildet (cf. Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 322), und es ist nicht

unwabrscheinlich, dass diese Insel eine ihr eigentiimliche Form beherbergt. Bei

Exemplaren von Alor, Wetter und Timor sind die grauen Téne etwas dunkler als

bei solechen von den iibrigen Inseln; sie vermitteln offenbar den Ubergang zar

Form A. J. musschenbroehki, stehen aber A. l. celebensis etwas niiher.

Fliigelliinge in mm, :

Nord-Celebes : 140, 140, 142*, 143, 144*, 144*, 146* [M: 135—145].

( 291 )

Siid-Celebes : 135* [M : 135—136].

“ Celebes” : 13 Ex. nach F: 132—145; 30 Ex. nach B: 136—146.

Buton : 137, 140.

Saleyer: 128 [F], 131, 136.

Djampea: 140.

Sumbawa: 138, 139, 141, 142.

Lombok : 133*, 133*, 134, 134*, 136*, 139, 143 [EF].

Kangean : 137 [V].

Flores : 135, 138*, 189, 140*,

Sumba: 140, 146 [M : 185—140].

Alor: 138, 140.

Wetter: 134, 135, 135, 135, 135 [M], 136.

Timor: 129, 132*, 135, 136*, 137*,

3. Artamus leucorhynchos musschenbroeki A.B.M.

Artamus musschenbroeli A. B. Meyer, Sitzber. u. Abh. Nat, Ges. Isis. 1884 p. 30 (Tenimber und

Timorlaut).

Exemplare von Babbar stimmen vollkommen mit solchen aus Tenimber

iiberein ; sie wurden von Hartert in Nov. Zool. 1906 p. 302 versehentlich als

Artamus leucorhynchos aufgefiihrt.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Teaimber : 130, 132, 132, 132*, 134, 185*, 136*, 138, 138* 140*[M : 130—140]

Babbar : 133, 135, 135, 137.

Verbreitung : Tenimber-Inseln, Babbar,

4, Artamus leucorhynchos humei subsp. n.

In strukturellen Merkmalen steht diese Form, die auf die Andamanen

beschrinkt ist, der australischen am niichsten, wiihrend sie in der Kopffirbung

mit A. l. celebensis am besten iibereinstimmt, meist sogar hier noch etwas heller

ist. Hume hat sie bereits mit Australiern verglichen und bemerkt in Stray

Feathers vol. ii, 1874, p. 214: “It appears to me that in the Andaman birds the

head and back, bat especially the former, are far more slaty, while in the

Australian they are more sooty [doch kommen in Australien gelegentlich ebenso

hell gefiirbte Stiicke vor, unter 70 Ex. etwa 4]; and again, that the bill in the

former is slizhtly more compressed and narrower, especially towards the base,

than in the latter.”

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

127, 129, 132, 132", 132", 133, 133, 133, 134* [F: 3 Ex.: 126—130].

Typus : % Siid-Andaman, x. 1897, A. L. Butler coll., im Tring-Museam,

Verbreitung : Andamanen, einschliesslich der Grossen und Kleinen Kokos-

Insel.

5. Artamus leucorhynchos subsp. ?

Die von mir untersuchten Stiicke von Sumatra, Java und Bali lassen sich

nicht zwanglos unter eme der oben aufgefiihrten Formen einreihen; die Fiirbing

vou Oberkopf, Keble und Kropf ist bei ihnen in der Regel heller als bei

Philippiueustiicken, dunkler als bei cededensis. Sie stimmen auch unter sich nicht

( 292 )

iiberein, indem Sumatraner im Durehschmitt betrichtlich grésser zu sein scheinen

als Javaner und Balier.

Fligelliinge in mm. :

Sumatra: 128 [F], 135*, 136 [P], 137*, 138*, 139, 140 [F], 141*, 141*.

(M : 135—140].

Java: 129 [P], 129 [P], 132 [P], 138*, 133*, 134 [14 Ex. nach F: 126—138].

Bali: 132, 134, 135*.

6. Artamus leucorhynchos leucopygialis Gould.

Artamus leucopygialis Gould, P. Z.S. 1842 p, 17—Australien,

Artamus leucorhynchus parvirostris Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. vi p. 424 (1899—Kap York).

Artamus leucorhanchus harterti Mathews, Nov. Zool. vol. xviii p. 367 (1912—Nord west- Australien).

Artamus leucorhynchus melvillensis Mathews, Austr, Av. Rec. vol. i No. 2 p. 45 (1912—Melville

Island),

Diese Form scheint fiir einige Gegenden Australiens Zugvogel zu sein (ef.

North, Nests and Eggs of Birds ete., ii. p. 252), und es sind méglicherweise

die in Siidost-Neuguinea gefundenen Stiicke, die sich durch ihre betriichtliche

Kleinschniibligkeit als dieser Form angehérig zu erkennen geben, dortselbst nicht

heimisch. Dagegen scheinen die Molukken nicht von australischen Zugvégeln

beriihrt zu werden. Wine sichere Entscheidung ist freilich zur Zeit nicht médglich,

da der Schnabel der australischen Form hiiufig die bei papuensis normalen

Dimensionen erreicht, und auch die Fliigelliinge kein sicheres Kriterium abgibt.

Fligelliinge in mm, :

Australien : 121+, 121}, 122t, 123t, 124t, J24t, 124+, 124f, 124 [P], 125, 125t,

125t, 125t, 125+, 126, 126+, 126F, 126t, 126-5t, 127, 127¢, 127+, 127t, 127t, 128%,

128+, 128+, 128+, 128+, 128F, 128+, 128f, 1287, 128+, 129, 129, 129*, 1297, 1294,

129t, 129, 129+, 129+, 130, 130+, 130+, 130%, 130f, 131%, 131+, 131f, 131f, 1314,

131+, 131f, 131}, 131f, 131f, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132, 132t, 132f, 133, 133°,

133t, 133f, 133+, 134¢, 134+, 134+, 134°5t, 135, 135+, 135+. Durchschnitt von

76 Ex.: 1289 mm. [9 Ex. nach F: 130—137; 3 Ex. nach B: 125—127],

S.0.-Neugninea : 128°5, 129, 130 [M: 128—130].

Fergusson-Insel : 133%.

Verbreitung : Australien ; Siidost-Neuguinea, Fergasson-Insel.

7. Artamus leucorhynchos papuensis Bp.

Artamus papuensis Bonaparte, Consp. Av. vol. i p. 344 (1850—Nenguinea ; Timor). Patr. restr. ;

Westliches Neu-G uinea.

Unter diesem Namen méchte ich vorliufig die Vogel von den Molukken, den

westlichen papuanischen Inseln und von Neuguinea, mit Ausnahme seines

siidostlichen Teiles, vereinigen. Sie stehen der australischen Form sehr nahe,

sind aber in der Regel langschniibliger, in Daurchschnitt auch langfliigliger.

Verglichen mit A. /. celebensis sind sie durchschnittlich kleiner, und das Gran

an Oberkopf, Kehle und Kropf pflegt dankler zu sein. Aru-Végel scheinen

zwischen den Formen papuensis und leucopygialis zu vermitteln.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Aru: 128, 128*, 128°5*, 129, 131, 131, 131-5, 133, 134, 134.

Kei-Inseln : 131, 134, 135.

Taam : 132, 133, 135, 135, 137.

ee wth" &

( 293 )

Goram: 129*, 130.

Ceramlaut: 139.

Ceram: 130, 134, 135, 136°5.

Ambon: 130, 133.

Baru: 136, 136*.

Batjan : 130, 134*, 135*, 136*, 137*, 140.

Halmahera: 129+, 132, 132}, 1337, 133*, 134*, 134, 135+, 135, 136, 136 [M].

Ternate : 131 [M], 132 [M].

Morotai: 133, 133*, 136.

Waigeu, Salawatti, Gebe, Batanta: 135*, 135*, 136+, 136f, 136, 137, 138,

140 [M].

Misol : 134*, 136*, 139*.

Niederl. Neu-Guinea : 135,

Astrolabebai : 136 [P].

8. Artamus leucorhynchos melaleucus (Forst.).

Loxia melaleuca Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 272 (1844—Neu-Kaledonien).

Ocypterus berardi Bonaparte, Compt, Rend. vol. 38 p. 538 (1854—Neu-Kaledonien).

Oberkopf, Kopfseiten, Kehle und Kropf meist noch schwiirzlicher als bei

A. 1. musschenbroeki; auch der Riicken ist dunkler, aber in der Regel mit

ausgesprochen briunlichem Ton und infolgedessen deutlicher gegen die Fiirbung

des Oberkopfes abgesetzt. Schnabel schlanker als bei der Tenimberform. Stiicke

von den Neuen Hebriden scheinen durchschnittlich in den Massen hinter solchen

von Neu-Kaledonien und den Loyalty-Inseln zuriickznstehen und diirfen wahr-

scheinlich als eigene Form abgetrennt werden.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Nen-Kaledonien : 128*, 129*, 131*, 131*, 132%, 133*, 133*, 134*,

Loyalty-Inseln : 130*, 132, 133%.

Neue Hebriden : 122, 123*, 124, 124*, 127*, 128*, 128*.

Verbreitung : Neu-Kaledonien, Loyalty-Inseln, Neue Hebriden.

9. Artamus leucorhynchos pelewensis Finsch.

Artamus pelewensis Finsch, Journ. Mus. Godeffr, Heft 12 p. 41 (1876—Palau).

Der vorigen Form sehr nahe stehend, aber in der Regel durch die

schwiirzlichere, weniger braunliche Fiirbung des Itiickens und den an der Basis

héheren Schnabel, der in der Form mit demjenigen von A. 1. musschenbroehi

iibereinstimmt, unterscheidbar.

Fliigelliinge in mm.:

Palau: 135%.

Verbreitung : Palau.

XX. Uber einige Formen von Aypothymis azurea (Bodd.).

Mr. Oberholser hat in Proc. U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. 89, 1911, pp. 593-615 auf

Grand der Untersuchung eines reichen Materials eine weitgehende Aufteilung dieser

Art vorgenommen. [Er erkennt in seiner ausgezeichneten Arbeit 16 Formen an,

von denen ich die folgenden nach den Serien in den Museen za Tring und London

priifen und bestiitigen konnte.

( 294 )

Hypothymis azurea azurea (Bodd.).

Fliigelliinge in mm. (dd ad.):

Philippinen: 65*, 65*, 65:5*, 65:5, 67, 67*, 67-5*, 67-5", 68, 68, 68, 68, 68*,

68*, 68*, 68", 68*, 68*, 68:5*, 69, 69, 69*, 69*, 69*, G9", 69*, 70, 70, 70*, 70*, 71,

72, 72, 72, 73%.

Sulu-Archipel : 66, 69.

Palawan: 69°5, 71.

35 $3: Durchschnitt 68°6, Variation 65—73 mm. [Oberholser: 25 3d:

Durchschnitt 67-6, Variation 65—72°5 mm.].

Verbreitung : Philippinen, Sula-Archipel, Palawan-Gruppe.

Hypothymis azurea prophata Oberh.

Fliigelliinge in mm. (¢¢ ad.):

Malakka : 68*, 68*, 69, 69, 69*, 69*, 69*, 69*, 69*, 70, 70, 70, 70*, 71*, 71°5*,

Tente wien.

Borner 1G7-9*,657, 20r Oost la, eke leer inn lsn enleo se me.

Sumatra: 70*.

Lingga: 70:5.

3L GS: Durchschnitt 70:1, Variation 675—72 mm. [Oberholser: 123d:

Durchschnitt 705, Variation 66-5—72°5 mm.].

Die Unterschiede zwischen dieser und der typischen Form sind zwar sehr

gering, aber bei Serien doch deutlich genng hervortretend, um eine Abtrennung zu

rechtfertigen. Sie bestehen, ausser in der durchschnittlich etwas bedentenderen

Grésse, darin, dass—wie bereits durch Oberholser /.c. p, 597 angegeben warde—

die Seiten und die obere Region des Unterkérpers stiirker bliiulich verwaschen sind,

und dass das Weiss des Banches gewohnlich weniger rein ist.

Verbreitung : Malakka, Nieder-Siam (?), Sumatra, Java, Bali (?); Grosse

Karimon-Insel, Lingga-Archipel, Borneo, Bangka und Billiton.

Hypothymis azurea symmixta subsp. nv.

Exemplare von den kleinen Sundainseln éstlich von Bali sind nicht mit der

Form prophata ident, sondern unterscheiden sich in der Regel von ihr durch

helleren, ausgesprochener blanen, viel weniger violett geténten Riicken ; auch die

Firbung von Kehle und Kropf ist ausgesprochener lazurblau. Nach dem bisher

untersuchten Material hat es den Anschein, als erreichten die Végel von Flores und

Alor geringere Durchschmittsmasse als diejenigen von den iibrigen Inseln. Von

Bali liegen mir nur 2 dd vor, von denen das eine in der Fiirbung mit //, a. prophata,

das andere dagegen mit //. a. symmixta itbereinstimmt, sodass diese Insel wahr-

scheinlich eine Ubergangsform beherbergt.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

dd ad:

Bali: 69°5 (symmixta-Typ), 70 (prophata-Typ.).

Lombok : 67, 70, 71, 72°5, 73°5.

Sumbawa : 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 72.

Flores: 67°5*, 68*, 68*, 69", 69*, 70*, 70.

Alor: 67°5, 69.

20 33: Durchschnitt 696, Variation 67—735 mm.

2 2 ad. :

Bali: 72.

Sumbawa : 66, 66°5, 67.

Typus: & Alor, Miirz 1897, A. Everett coll., im Tring Museum.

Verbreitung : Bali (?), Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor.

Hypothymis azurea gigantoptera Oberh.

333des Tring-Museum bestatigen vollkommen die von Oberholser fiir diese

neue Form angegebenen Kennzeichen.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Bunguran: d 73; % 67, 68.

Sirhassen: ¢ 73°5, 74; 2 72, 73.

33S: Durchschnitt 73°, Variation 73—74 mm. [Oberholser: 2 dd: Durch-

schnitt 74, Variation 73°5—745 mm.].

Verbreitung : Natuna-Archipel.

Hypothymis azurea oberholseri subsp. n.

Oberholser hat infolge Mangels an Material die Formosavégel vorlinfig zn

H. a. azurea gestellt. Dieselben repriisentieren indessen eine distinkte Unterart,

deren Charaktere sich dahin zusammenfassen lassen: In der Firbung sehr dhnlich

H. a. azurex, aber der Riicken ist einen Schein weniger violett getént, der schwarze

Nackenfleck ist meist grésser und die Darchschnittsgrésse betrashtlich bedeutender.

In der Fliizellinge stimmt sie etwa mit HZ. a. gigantoptera iiberein, die indesseu

eine viel stiirker violett geténte Riickenfarbung anfweist, und bei der das Weiss

des Unterk6rpers nicht s> weit nach oben ausgedehnt ist. A. a. styani ist durch-

schnittlich kleiner, und die weisse Fiirbung der Unterseite erstreckt sich hoher

hinanf.

Fliigellinge in mm. :

Crone lomo aleDs len TeMiommiorn(ets Teen inoes (ers Tew nls hos

73*, 73%, 73*, 73*, 73:5, 74, 74%, 74*, 74*, 75, 75, 75%, 76%, 77*.

29 33: Durehschnitt 73:0, Variation 71—77 mm.

2 Pad.: 68, 69, 69, 69°5, 69°5, 70, 70, 71, 71, 71, 73.

Typus: S$ Sharaikisha, Formosa, 5. iv. 1907, coll. Alan Owstons Japanische

Sammiler, im Tring Museum.

Verbreitung : Formosa.

Hypothymis azurea styani (Hartl.).

Siphia styani Hartlaub, Abh, Nat. Ver. Bremen vol. xvi Teil 2 p. 248 (1898—Hvihow und Nodouha

auf Hainan),

Hartert zieht in Nov. Zool. vol. xvii 1910 p. 225 die Hainanvégel zu

H. a, coeruleocephala, Wr hat sie aber offenbar nicht mit Vorderindischen

Exemplaren, soadern mit solechen von Barma und Assam verglichen, die irrtiim-

licherweise bisher mit coeruleocephala vereinizt wurden. Hinterindische Exemplare

und soleche vom Himalaya lassen sich in der Tat von Hainanern nicht abtrennen.

Sie unterscheiden sich yon prophata wid azurea darch den ausgesprochener

blanen, weniger violett geténten Riicken, der gleichzeitig etwas dankler ist als

( 296 )

bei symmiata. Der schwarze Nackenfleck ist so gross wie bei prophata und

symmicta und durchschnittlich grésser als bei azurea. Die weisse Fiirbung des

Unterkérpers ist relativ sehr rein, wie bei coeruleocephala und ceylonensis, und

erstreckt sich héher hinauf als bei azurea, oberholseri, prophata und symmixta.

Verglichen mit H. a. coeruleocephala und ceylonensis ist der Kopf von viel

leuchtenderem, reinerem Blau, nicht violett getént, und das schwarze Kropfband

ist wohl ausgebildet, nicht nur angedeutet.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Hainan : ¢ 67, 68, 71, 71, 71°5, 72, 72-5, 72°5, 73.

2 67, 69, 69, 69, 70, 70, 70°5, 71, 73.

Tenasserim : ¢ 72, 72*, 72°5, 72°5*, 72°5*, 72:5", 73°5*, 75*.

Burma und Shan-Staaten: ¢ 68*, 69%, 695, 69:°5*, 70*, 70*, 70*, 70-5*, 71*,

71*, 71*, 715%, 72%, 73*, 73%, 74*.

Assam, Cachar, Bengalen: 6, 67°5, 68*, 68*, 68-5*, 71*, 71*, 71*, 71:5, 72, 72*,

72:0, 73", 73*, 75*.

Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan: ¢ 71*, 71:5*, 72*, 72*, 72", 73, 74*.

Raipurse 10% eden wl Temes ute

Cochinchina: 69*, 73*, 73*.

9 $3 von Hainan: Durchschnitt 70-9, Variation 67—73 mm.

54 63 von Kontinent: Durchschnitt 71:4, Variation 67:5—75 mm.

Verbreitung: Hainan, Siam (?), Cochinchina, Tenasserim, Burma, Assam,

Bengalen, Himalayalinder, Nordindien siidlich bis zam Deccan.

Hypothymis azurea coeruleocephala (Sykes).

Muscicapa coertileocephala Sykes, P. Z, S. 1832 p. 85 (Deccan).

Die vorderindische Form ist im minnlichen Geschlecht von allen iibrigen weiss-

biiuchigen mit Ausnahme der ceylonesischen durch die Kopffirbung unterschieden,

die nicht leuchtend azurblau, sondern stark violett getént ist wie der Riicken.

Von H. a. ceylonensis weicht sie hauptsichlich durch die etwas deutlichere schwarze

Kropfbinde und den etwas grésseren Nackenfleck ab.

Fliigellinge in mm, :

Mysore: ¢ 71, 71.

Travancore : d 68*, 69*.

Nilghiri-hills : d 69*.

Bombay : ¢ 69.

Malabar: ? 60.

Verbreitung : Vorderindien, etwa vom Deccan an siidwarts.

Hypothymis azurea ceylonensis Sharpe.

Herr Dr. von Madardsz betrachtet in seinem Reisebericht (“ Die Ornithol.

Ergebn. meiner Reise nach Ceylon,” Természetrajzi Fuzetek vol. xx 1897 p. 341)

die Ceylonform als ident mit Hypothymis azurea (Sharpe nee Boddaert !) da “ bei

allen meinen Exemplaren das schwarze Halsband—wenn auch nur in geringem

Masse—vorhanden ist.” Die mir vorliegenden Ceylonmiinnchen bestiitigen dies ;

sie zeigen aber zugleich, dass bei ceylonensis das Kropfband schwiicher ausgebildet

ist als bei irgend einer anderen Form und nur undeutlich erkennbar ist. Im

violetten Ton des Kopfes stimmt die Form mit der vorderindischen iiberein, bei der

wiederum der Nackenfleck grisser ist.

( 297 )

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

3 69*, 70*, 70° ; 2 65:5, 67 [nach v. Madarisz, U.c.: d 68, 73, 74; 2 70].

Verbreitung : Ceylon.

Hypothymis azurea idiochroa Oberh.

3 Exemplare im Tring-Museum; davon ein ¢ und ein ? mit der Localitiits-

angabe Car Nicobar: Fliigel 75 resp. 69°5 mm ; ein zweites d mit der Angabe

oD 5 if 2 to}

“ Nicobaren ” und einer Fliigelliinge von 75°5 mm. stammt offenbar von der gleichen

Insel.

Verbreitung : Car Nicobar.

Hypothymis azurea calocara Oberh.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

odad:

Kondul (zwischen Gross- u. Klein-Nicobar) : 65*, 66*, 66*, 67*.

Montschal (éstl. von Klein-Nicobar) : 67*.

Tilanchong : 65°5*.

Trinkut : 67*, 67*.

Teressa: 67%.

Camorta : 69%.

Nankauri: 68*.

1136: Durchschnitt 66-9, Variation 65—69 mm. [Oberholser : 86 3: Durch-

schnitt 67-6, Variation 65—69 mm.].

Verbreitung : Nicobaren mit Ausnahme von Car Nicobar.

Hypothymis azurea tytleri (Beavan).

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Siid-Andaman : ¢ 70°5*, 71*, 72*, 72*, 72°5, 73*, 73*, 73%, 73*, 73*, 73*, 73%,

Little Cocos Island : 3 70.

23.953: Durchschnitt 73°2, Variation 72—76 mm. [Oberholser : 2363: Durch-

schnitt 73, Variation 71—75 mm.].

Verbreitung : Andamanen, Grosse u. Kleine Kokos-Insel.

Hypothymis azurea richmondi Oberh.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Bua-bua (Engano): 3 75.

[Oberholser: 1163: Durchschnitt 72:9, Variation 69:5—74-5 mm. |

Verbreitung : Engano.

XXI. Die Formen von Furystomus orientalis (1).

Ubersicht (Alterskleid).

A. Apicalhiilfte der Stenerfedern regelmiissig schwarz ohne blaue Aussen-

siinme; Unterkérper lebhaft griinlich blan :

a. Fliigelliinge 172—194 mm., Schnabel schmiiler . Mu. 0. orientalis.

b. Fliigelliinge 191—205 mm., Schnabel breiter —. Eu. 0. gigas.

( 298 )

B. Apicalhilfte der Aussenfahne der Stenerfedern oder wenigstens ihres

Aussensaumes meist (aber nicht immer) blan mit Ausnahme der

iiussersten Spitze; Unterkérper lebhaft griinlich blau. Fliigelliinge

180—203 mm. . : ‘ : : . Eu. 0. calonyx.

C. Apicalbilfte des Anssensaumes der Stahesiedeen schwarz, oder blau in

variierender Ausdehnung ; Unterkérper blass blau mit grauem Ton.

Fliigelliinge 179—202 mm. : : : . Eu. 0. pacificus.

D. Fiarbungsvariabilitiit der Steuerfedern Gai Tliigelliinge wie bei C, aber

Unterkérper etwas bliulicher und lebhafter gefiirbt . Huw. 0. connectens.

FE. Ganze Aussenfahne der Steuerfedern regelmiissig dunkel cyanblau, Unter-

kérper in der Regel noch blaulicher als bei A und B, weniger griinlich.

Fliige] 190—210 mm. (meist iitber 200 mm.).

a. Spitze des Oberschnabels in der Regel rot.

1. Schaftstriche der Federn des Kehlfleckes wesentlich heller als

die iibrige Feder , ; : 5 Zu. 0. solomonensis.

2. Schaftstriche der Federn des Kehlfleckes nur wenig heller als

die iibrige Feder . : . Eu. 0. neohanoveranus.

b. Spitze des Oberschnabels stets eohwee . Eu. 0. crassirostris.

Es bedeuten im folgenden :

Massangaben ohne Zusatz : Exempl. des Tring-Museums.

*s mit einem * : ‘ » British Museum.

= nach Parrot, Beitriige zur Ornithologie Sumatras,

nach W. Blasius, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn. vol. iii. p. 90.

nach Stejneger, Proc. U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. x. 1887 p. 403.

1. Eurystomus orientalis orientalis (L.)

Coracias orientalis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. Bd. xii p. 159 (1766—* Ostindien,” ex Brisson ; patr. (a

nobis). design. : Java).

Eurystonius cyanicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. vol. xxix p. 425 (1819 —“ Indien ”).

Eurystomus fuscicapillus Vieillot l.c. p. 426 (1819—“ Ostindien,” aus Buffon, der seine Angaben aus

Brisson schépft).

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Bali: 187, 188.

Java: 183 [P], 183 [P], 187 [P], 188*, 191*.

Sumatra: 176 [P], 178 [P], 179 [P], 184, 185 [P], 185 [P], 187 [P}.

Borueo : 185, 189, 189, 190*.

Sibutu: 181.

Sualu-Archipel: 178, 181.

Philippinen : 176*, 178*, 178*, 179*, 179*, 179, 180*, 180*, 181, 181*, 181",

182*, 182*, 183, 183*, 183*, 183*, 184", 184*, 184, 186*, 187", 187*, 187", 187, 188,

188*, 188*, 188*, 190*, 194.

Nord-Celebes, Siao, Sangir und Talaut : 172, 175, 176, 176, 176, 179, 180, 180,

180, 182, 183, 183 [B], 183 [B], 185, 192.

66 Ex.: Durchschnitt 1832, Variation 172—194 mm.

Standvogel in: Sumatra, Billitot, Java, Bali, Borneo, Labuan, Sibutu, Sulo-

Archipel, Philippinen, Siao, Sangir, Talaut, Celebes mit Ausnahme der siillichen

Halbinsel.

ilapartiactindinatanediaiddnadestesdtnasanttstiemaranetinen Shc cinarddiench act tra he

( 299 )

2. Eurystomus orientalis gigas subsp. n.

In der Fiirbung stimmt diese Form vollkommen mit der vorigen iiberein ; sie

ist indessen im Darchschnitt wesentlich grisser, insbesondere ist die gewaltige

Breite der Schnabelbasis ein sehr charakteristisches und constantes Merkmal.

Hierauf hat bereits Sharpe in P. ZS. 1890 p. 551 anfmerksam gemacht: “ It

(Eurystomus orientalis) is also found in the Andamans, the bird from this locality

being remarkable for a somewhat larger bill.”

Uber das Vorkommen der Art vergl. Hume, Stray Feathers vol. ii. p. 165:

“ None of us observed this (Hurystomus orientalis) anywhere except in the neigh-

bourhood of Port Blair. I do not know whether this is a permanent resident, but

suppose it must be so ; we obtained it from September to April, and specimens have

been sent killed in September.”

Ganz junge Stiicke, noch ohne lazurblane Kehlfedern (die zuweilen bereits

auftreten, bevor das Grossgefieder ausgewachsen ist!) befinden sich im Britisi

Maseum, gesammelt bei Port Blair am 17. vii. und 1. nnd 22. viii. 1873.

Fliigelliinge in mm.:

Siidliche Andamanen: 191*, 192*, 192°5, 193*, 193*, 195*, 195*, 195*, 197*,

198, 198*, 198*, 198", 199, 202, 202, 203, 203*, 205*—19 Ex.: Durchschnitt

196-8 mm,

Typus: Rutland-Insel, Andamanen, 4. iii. 1907, B. B. Ostmaston coll., im

Tring-Museum.

Verbreitung : Siidliche Andamanen.

3. Eurystomus orientalis calonyx Sharpe.

{ Eurystomus caloryne Hodgson, in Gray’s Zool. Mise. p. 82 (1844—Nepal ; nomen nudum !].

Eurystomus calonye Sharpe, P. ZS. 1890 p. 551—terra typica; Nepal, Typus im British Museum.

? Burystomus laetior Sharpe 1.c, p. 551 (1890—Malabar, Nilghiris, Ceylon).

Im déstlichen und nérdlichen Teil ihres Verbreitnngsgebietes (das nérdliche

und mittlere China, Korea, Japan, die Amurliinder nnd Kamtschatka) scheint diese

Form stets in mehr oder weniger ausgesprochenem Grade die charakteristische

Schwanzfiirbung zu besitzen (cf. La Touche, /4is 1900 p. 44), wiihrend in Hainan,

den Himalayaliindern, Hinterindien und Malakka zur Brutzeit sowohl Vogel

angetroffen werden, bei denen die apicale Hilfte des Aussensaumes der Stenerfedern

blan ist, wie solche, die sich in der Schwanzfiirbung nicht von der typischen Form

unterscheiden lassen. So vertreten z. B. zwei ganz junge Vogel des Brit. Mus.,

von Mandelli im Juli 1874 in Sikkim gesammelt, die beiden Fiirbungstypen, Die

Fiirbung der Steuerfedern ist mithin kein ausreichendes Merkmal zur Kennzeichnang

der Form ; vielmehr muss beim Vergleich mit zw. 0. orientalis noch die bedeu-

tendere Durclschnittgrésse, gepaart mit relativ geringer Breite des Schnabels,

hervorgehoben werden. Wenn daher Stejneger (in Proc. U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. xvi,

1893, pp. 627-8) bei zwei HExemplaren von Kiu-Schin (Japan) und 4 von

Tsuschima die yon Sharpe als charakteristisch fiir calonyx angegebene blaue

Schwanzfiirbung feststellt, dagegen bei (wieviel ?) Lutschu-Stiicken dieselbe ver-

misst, so berechtigt dies m. E. nicht zu der Annahme, “ We have, consequently,

in Japanese territory two species, or forms, of Murystomus—E. orientalis in the

Liu-kius, probably travelling south over Formosa to the Philippines, and 2. calonya,

the migration route of which is more westerly over China to the Malayan peninsula.”

( 300 )

Ob sich vorderindische Exemplare als selbstiindige Form abtrennen lassen oder

nicht, muss weiteres Material ergeben ; die von Sharpe angefiihrte “lebhaftere

Firbung” scheint kein Charakteristikum za sein, und die vier Exemplare des

Brit. Mus. geben zu keiner Sonderstellung Anlass.

In Tenasserim und Malakka scheinen zur. Brutzeit “ blauschwiinzige ” Stiicke

weit seltener zu sein als “ schwarzschwiinzige” ; von letzterer Localitiit habe ich

nur 2 Sommervégel vom “echten calonyx-Typus” gesehen (vii. 1877, im Brit.

Mus.), wiihrend im Himalaya diese Fiirbungsphase entschieden dominiert. Da

gleichzeitig die Fliigelliinge der Malakkavégel im Darchschnitt geringer ist, darf

man sie vielleicht als Ubergiinge zur typischen Form auffassen und sie durch die

Formel

Eurystomus orientalis orientalis = calonyx

bezeichnen.—Uber das Auftreten der Art in der malayischen Halbinsel sind die

Angaben von Robinson und Kloss in Jé/s 1911 p. 32 zu vergleichen. Die genannten

Autoren nehmen an, dass beide Formen, Fu. 0. orientalis und calonyx, nebeneinander

in diesem Gebiet vorkommen, bemerken aber gleichzeitig : ‘considerable variation

is met with in the amount of blue on the tail-feathers.” Die Annahme des Bestehens

einer Ubergangsform scheint mir diese Erscheinung in der befriedigendsten Weise

zu erkliiren.

Sharpe vermutete, dass Hw. calonyx im Winter als Gast ans dem Norden im

Malayischen Archipel auftrete, auf Grund vereinzelten Vorkommens “ blauschwiin-

ziger” Stiicke auf verschiedenen westlichen Inseln. Robinson und Kloss erkliren

Lc. die Art fiir einen sicheren Zugvogel, “ being commoner during the winter months

and having been met with on the small islands in the middle of the Straits of

Malacca.” Uber ihre Zugvogelnatur vergl. ferner :

La Touche, Zdis 1900 p. 44 (Kuatun); La Touche und Rickett, /éis 1905

p- 48 (Fokien) ; Styan, /éis 1887 p. 229 (Futschan) ; Taczanowski, P. Z, S. 1888

p- 462 (Korea) ; La Touche, /é2s 1907 p. 5 (Tschinkiang), ete.

Bisher wurden zweifellose calonyx im Bereiche des Archipels gesammelt auf :

Borneo (Brunei ii. 1898 ; Mt. Penrison ; beide Ex. im Brit. Mus.) ; Simalur (16. xii.

fide Richmond, Proc. U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. xxvi., 1903, p. 497); Banguran (X. im

Tring-Museum); Sumatra (3 Ex. von Padang und 1 von den Lampongs, Winter

1901, fide Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. 1902 p. 673).

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

A. Blauschwinziger Typus:

Kambodja: 193*.

Amur-bai: 188.

Sidemifluss (Ost-Sibirien): 194.

Nordchina: 182*; Ningpo: 194; Weihaiwei: 192; Futschau: 189, 186*,

190*, 194* ; Fokien : 195 ; Whampoa bei Macao: 180*, 192*.

Hainan: 180*, 183, 185, 197, 198.

Siidl. Shan-Staaten : 195%.

Nepal: 191*, 191*, 194*, 194*.

Sikkim : 188*, 189*, 190*, 191*, 193*, 194*, 194", 196", 198*.

Assam, Cachar, Manipur und Oberbarma: 183*, 136, 187, 200*, 200*, 200, 200,

201, 201*, 201*, 202*, 202", 203*.

Pegu: 192, 194.

Tenasserim : 197, 197.

( 301+)

Malakka ; 180*, 185*, 189*, 189*, 190*, 191*, 199".

Pulu Saban bei Singapore : 189*.

Bunguran : 194.

Brunei: 183*.

B. Schwarzschwinziger Typus :

Lutschu-Inseln : 180 [8].

Hainan: 189.

Siam: 188*,

Burma : 187, 189, 190.

Cachar : 192.

Tenasserim : 183*, 184*, 185*, 185*, 186*, 186*, 187*, 189, 190, 192, 193, 200.

Malakka : 178, 179*, 180*, 180*, 181", 182*, 182, 186*, 186, 186, 187, 187*,

188*, 191*, 194*.

Salanga : 199*.

Singapore : 189*, 193*.

Ceylon: 184*.

Travancore : 197*.

59 Ex. vom blauschwiinzigen Typus: Durchschnitt 192:2, Variation 180—

203 mm.

39 Ex. vom schwarzschwiinzigen Typus: Durchschnitt 187°2, Variation 178—

200 mm.

4. Kurystomus orientalis pacificus (Lath.).

Coracias pacifica Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxvii (1801—Australien). Cf. Sharpe, Hist, Coll.

Brit. Mus. vol. ii p. 119.

Eurystomus australis Swainson, Anim. in Menag. p. 326 (1838—Neu Holland).

Eurystomus orientalis bravi Mathews, Nov. Zool. vol. xviii p. 285 (1912—Nordwest-Australien).

Diese Form ist als Brutvogel aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach auf Australien

beschriinkt ; sie ist dort, wenigstens fiir die siidlichen Gegenden, Zugvogel, und

erscheint in den Wintermonaten der Siidhemisphiire auf Nenuguinea, dem Louisiade-

und D’Entrecasteaux-Archipel, den westlichen papuanischen Inseln, den Nord- und

Siid-Molukken, sowie anf den Siidost-, Kei- und Aru-Inseln. Verirrte warden auch

auf Neuseeland geschossen.

Fliigelliinge in mm. (die in Klammer gesetzten rémischen Zahlen dienen zur

Bezeichnung des Sammelmonats) :

Australien: 186 (XD), 189 (XI), 189 (XID, 191 (XD, 191 (XI), 192 (XD,

193 (X), 193 (XI), 195 (XI), 198 (XI), 198 (XI), 198 (IV), 199 (XI).

Neuguinea: 188 (VI), 197 (V), 198 (1X), 199 (1X).

Salawatti: 182 (V), 198 (V).

Batanta : 188 (VII).

Ceram; 179 (V), 182 (X), 185 (V), 185 (IX), 190 (V), 202 (IV).

Banda: 192 (1X).

Teor: 191 (X).

Goram ; 189 (XI).

Halmahera: 182, 182, 193.

Kei; 188 (1X), 188 (1X), 192 (IX).

Aru: 187 (V1), 190 (V1), 192 (V1), 196 (V), 198 (V).

40 Exemplare: Durchschnitt 191-1, Variation 179—202 mm.

( 302 )

5. Eurystomus orientalis connectens subsp. n.

Der australischen Form sehr nahe stehend, aber durch etwas lebhaftere,

bliulichere Unterseite unterschieden und zn Lu. 0. orientalis iiberleitend.

Im Tring-Museum befinden sich folgende Jungvégel, deren Schwingen noch

nicht vollstindig ausgewachsen sind, die also noch nicht imstande waren, einen Flug

iiber See auszufiihren ;

Sumba: xii, 1896, A. Everett coll.

Wualar auf Damar: 11. und 18. xii. 1898, H. Kiihn coll.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Bonthain (Siid-Celebes) : 191.

Kalidupa: 195.

Djampea: 195, 198.

Sambawa: 187, 192, 197, 199.

Sumba: 192, 193, 193, 194.

Flores : 198, 200.

Alor: 193.

Wetter: 194.

Kisser: 188, 189.

Leti : 189, 193.

Damar: 190, 198, 193.

Luang: 184, 187.

Moa: 188, 190, 197, 197, 198.

Tenimber ; 188, 192.

Lombok : 191.

Kangean : 185.

35 Ex.: Durchschnitt 192:5, Variation 184—200 mm.

Typus: 3 Moa, 18. xi. 1902, H. Kiihn coll., im Tring-Museum.

Verbreitung : Inselkette yon Kangean und Lombok bis Tenimber ; Djampea,

Kalidupa, Siid- Celebes.

Eurystomus orientalis subsp. ?

Auf den Nordmolukken scheinen drei Lurystomusformen aufzutreten : (1) der

durch seine dunkel azurblaue Farbang und das Fehlen aller gritulichen Téae im

Kleingefieder (diese sind auf den Fliigelspiegel beschriinkt) scharf markierte

Eurystomus azureus Gray ; (2) Eurystomus orientalis pacificus als Wintergast; und

(3) eine Form, die bisher meist mit Hurystomus orientalis orientalis identificiert

wurde (cf. Salvadori, Orn. Pap. vol.i p. 507; Guillemard, P. ZS. 1885 p. 568),

sich jedoch von letzterem durch meist etwas blassere Fiirbuog uad durch die

durchschnittlich bedeutendere Grosse unterscheidet. Die meisten der mir vor-

liegenden Stiicke stimmen véllig mit wu. 0. connectens iiberein, zwei dagegen sind

bliulicher als das in dieser Hinsicht extremste Stiick der connectens-Reite.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Halmahera : 181, 186, 191, i92.

Batjan : 194, 199.

Tidore: 191.

Ternate: 179, 179, 199. |

( 303 5

6. Eurystomus orientalis solomonensis Sharpe.

Eurystomus solomonensis Sharpe, P, ZS. 1890 p. 552—Salomons-Inseln.

Verbreitung : Salomons-Inseln.

7. Eurystomus orientalis crassirostris Scl.

Eurystomus crassirostris Sclater, P. Z.S. 1869 p. 121—*Salomons-Inseln.” » Patr. subst. ; Neu-

Pommern, ef. Rothschild & Hartert, Nov Zool. vol. x p. 197.

Eurystomus waigiouensis Elliot, /bis 1871 pp. 203-4—Waigeu.

Verbreitung : Neu-Guinea, Neu-Pommern, Neu-Lauenburg, Louisiade- und

D’Entrecasteaux-Archipel, Waigeu und Misol.

8. Eurystomus orientalis neohanoveranus Hart.

Eurystomus neohanoveranus Hartert, Nov, Zool. vol. viii p. 185 Anm. (1901 —Neu-Hannover).

Verbreitung : Neu-Hannover

XXII. Die Formen von Amaurornis phoenicura (Forster).

In Nov. Zool. vol. xi, 1904, pp. 154-5 unterscheidet Hartert 3 Formen dieser

Art: A. ph. phoenicurus, insularis und leucomelaena. Die Feststellung des

Fliigelmasses bei grésseren Serien veranlasste mich, von der erstgenanuten noch

zwei weitere Formen abzutrennen.

1. Amaurornis phoenicura phoenicura (lorster).

Rallus phoenicurus Forster, Zool. Ind. p. 19 t. ix (1781—‘‘ Zeylan und ganz Indien’’), Patr.

restr, ; Ceylon.

Fliigellinge in mm.:

(¥) 144*, 145*, 150*, 150*, 150, 151*, 152 [M], 153.

(fd) 159*, 159*, 165*, 164, 165 [M].

13 Ex.: Durchschnitt 1541, Variation 144—165 mm.

Hine Anordnung der Masse uach dem Geschlecht kouute bei dieser und den

folzenden Formen nicht vorgenommen werden, da dasselbe uur in wenigen Fallen

auf der Etikette der untersuchten. Stiicke zuverlissig aungegeben war. Aus den

wenigen glaubwiirdigen Vermerken liisst sich indessen mit einiger Wahrschein-

lichkeit entnehmen, dass die dd betrichtlich grésser zu sein pflegen als die 2 3, so

dass mau z. B. bei der vorliegenden Form die Variationsbreite des Iliizelmasses

beim 2 als 144—153, beim d als 159—165 mm. anuehmen darf.

M (in der obigen Masstabelle) = nach Madarasz, Term seetrajed FPiizeteh

vol. xx, 1897, p. 386.

Verbreitung : Ceylon.

2. Amaurornis phoenicura javanica (Horsf.).

Gallinula javanica Horsfield, Trans, Linn, Soc. Lond. vol. xitt p. 196 (1822—Java).

Rallus sumatranus Raffles, ibid, vol. xiii p. 328 (1822—Sumatra).

? Amaurornis phoenicura cleptea Oberholser, Smiths, Misc. Voll. vol. 1x No. 7 p. 2 (1912—Nias).

Wie die vorige Form, aber im Durehschnitt etwas kleiner, und die Oberseite

meist etwas grauer, weniger olivfarben.

( 804 )

Fligelliinge in mm.:

Philippinen, Sulu, Talaut, Palawan, Borneo, Natuna, Pulu Tello, Sumatra,

Java, Kangean, Bali: 136, 137*, 138, 140, 142%, 142*, 145*, 145*, 146*, 147, 148,

149, 150, 150*, 150*, 151, 151, 152, 152%, 158*, 153, 154, 155, 155, 158*, 160*, 161,

162, 163.

29 Ex.: Durchsehnitt 149°5, Variation 136—163 mm.

Aus der Oberholserschen Diagnose seiner Form c/leptea ist nicht zu ersehen,

womit er die Niasvégel verglichen hat, wenn er sie als “very much smaller”

bezeichnet; da ferner alle Massangaben fehlen und die itbrigen angefiihrten

Merkmale gut auf A. ph. javanica passen, glaube ich cleptea zu deren Synonymen

stellen zu diirfen, bis uns eine weniger diirftige Diagnose eines besseren belehrt.

Verbreitung : Natuna, Borneo, Palawan, Sula, Philippinen, Sangir, Talaut,

Sumatra, Inselkette an der Westkiiste Sumatras, Bangka, Java, Kangean, Bali.

3. Amaurornis phoenicura leucomelana (S. Miill.).

Gallinula leucomelana 8. Miiller, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk. p. 158 (1842—Timor).

Erythra major Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. vol. xliii p. 600 (1856—Timor) : nomen nudum !

Gallina phaeops Briiggemann, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen vol, v p. 537 (1877 —“ Indischer

Archipel ”).

Adulte Exemplare unterscheiden sich sofort durch die Fiirbung des Kopfes von

der vorigen Form : Stirn, Ziigel und Kopfseiten sind grauschwarz statt weiss.

Verbreitung : Sumba, Wetter, Alor, Timor, Roma, Dammar. Auf diesen Inseln

scheinen nur typische Stiicke vorzukommen.—Im Leidener Museum befinden sich

ferner 4 Ex. von Buru, von welchen 2 typische dewcomelana zu sein scheinen,

wiihrend die beiden anderen offenbar als Ubergangsstufen zu javanica anzusehen

sind (vergl.: Salvadori, Orn. Pap. vol. iii p. 2783; Finsch, Not. Leyd. Mus.

vol, xxvi p. 148).

Amaurornis phoenicura leucomelana 2 javanica.

Auf Gelebes (und zwar anscheinend sowohl auf der nérdlichen wie der siid-

lichen Halbinsel) werden Exemplare vom “ reinbliitigen” javanica-Typ neben

solchen mit den Charakteren von Jlewcomelana angetroffen ; hiinfiger dagegen

scheinen Ubergangsexemplare zu sein, bei denen sich der Jewcomelana-Anteil

entweder nur in der schwarzen Stirn iiussert, oder bei denen auch die Ziigelgegend

und die Kopfseiten eine gréssere oder geringere Zahl schwarzer Federn neben den

weissen aufweisen. Derartige Ubergangsexemplare befinden sich im Tring-

Museum ferner von: Buton, Kalidupa, Saleyer, Tomia, Binungko, Djampea,

Flores, Sumbawa.

Vergl. hierzu die Ausfiihrungen Briiggemanns in Ads, nat. Ver. Bremen

vol, v p. 537,

4, Amaurornis phoenicura chinensis (Bodd.).

Fulica chinensis Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Ent. p.54 (1783 —ex Buffon “ Poule sultane de la Chine”). Ich

nehme Hongkong als typische Localitiit an.

Gallinula erythrura Bechstein, Kurze Ubersicht Vig. p. 471 (1811—* China und Vorgebirge der

Guten Hoffnung ”).

Abnlich A. ph. phoenicura und javanica, aber im Durchschnitt wesentlich

grosser, der Riicken in der Regel ausgesprochener olivfarben, weniger grau, der

Biirzel meist etwas heller, und die dunkle Isabellfiirbung der Analgegend und

des Unterleibes pflegt sich weiter oralwiirts auszudehnen.

( 305 )

Fliigellinge in mm. :

Siid]l. Vorderindien: 160, 160, 171, 173.

Nordl. Vorderindien : 154, 159*, 163*, 166*, 169*, 171*,.172, 174, 176.

Bengalen, Burma, Assam, Nepal: 144*, 147*, 148*, 150*, 150*, 151*, 151*,

folenelos lds lola l60™ 62", L63" 163s lbomgelom, L67*) 168%, 171s

171*, 173*.

Shan-Staaten ; 158*.

Tenasserim : 149*, 157*, 161*.

Malakka: 9 150*, 153, 153-5*, 157*; ¢ 163", 167, 170*, 171, 175*, 175.*

Salanga: 155*, 160*, 165*, 167*.

Siam : 150*, 160*.

Formosa: 147, 157, 160, 164, 170*, 171*, 172.

China: Tsinling-Gebirge : 174 ; Futschou: 168*, 172*, 173 ; Hankanu: 165*,

173*, 187* ; Amoy: 153.

84 Ex. : Durchschnitt 163:1, Variation 144—187 mm.

Verbreitung: Ganz Vorder- und

Hinterindien, Malakka, Siam, Annam,

Hainan, China, Formosa.

5. Amaurornis phoenicura insularis Sharpe.

Amaurorms phoenicura, subsp. a A. insularis Sharpe, Cat. B. vol, xxiii p. 162 (1894—Andamanen

und Nicobaren).

Kopffiirbuug wie bei der typtschen Form, aber Brust und Unterkérper sind

bis auf einen ziemlich schmalen weissen Medianstreif grauschwarz, wiihrend die

schwarzgraue Fiirbang bei den itbrigen Formen im wesentlichen auf die Flanken

beschriinkt zu sein pflegt und vom angelegten Fliigel der Hauptsache nach ver-

deckt wird.

Verbreitung ; Andamanen und Nicobaren.,

XXIII. Die Formen von Baza suberistata (Gould).

Ubersicht (Alterskleid),

A. Kehle und Kropf blass aschgrau, Querbinden des Unterkérpers im ex-

tremsten Falle dunkel braungrau, meist aber rotlich braun und in der Regel

ziemlich schmal; Grundton der Federn des Unterkérpers weisslich oder isabell-

farben.

a. Fliigelliinge: d 325—328, ? 332—347 mm,

b. Fliigelliinge + ¢ 295—306, 2 310—327 mm. B. s. timorlaoénsis,

c. Fliigelliinge: 3 286—295, ? 300—314 mm. B. s. pallida.

B. Kehle und Kropf dunkler aschgrau, Querbinden der Unterseite in extremen

Fillen schwarz, meist aber grauschwarz oder braunschwarz und in der Regel

breiter als bei den Formen der Gruppe A,

a, Unterfliigeldecken heller oder dunkler rostfarben.

1, Fliigelliinge : ¢ 279—298, ?% 302—312 mm.

2. Fliigellinge: ¢ 300—306, ? 322—334 mm.

b. Unterfliigeldecken weiss oder blass isabellfarben.

1. Fliigelliinge : ¢ 289—300, % 310—321 mm.

2. Fliigelliinge : ¢ 309—312, % 317—330 mm. 7 Bs, bismarchi,

B. s. subcristata.

B. s. reinwardtii.

. Bs. megala.

. Bes. gurneyi.

( 306 )

©. Kehle und Kropf aschgrau, auch bei ausgefiirbten Exemplaren stark rost-

farben verwaschen ; Querbinden des Unterkérpers fuchsrot auf hell réstlichem

Gronde - . é ; : : : : : ; 2+ Besnifas

1. Baza subcristata subcristata (Gould).

Lepidogenys subcristatus Gould, Synops. Birds Austr. vol. iti t. 46 (1838—N. 8. Wales).

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

6 325, 326, 328; 2 332*, 334, 335*, 335*, 336", 340*, 343*, 347".

Verbreitung : Australien.

2. Baza subcristata timorlaoénsis A. B. M.

Baza timorlaoénsis A. B. Meyer, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden 1892-3 No. 3 p. 5 (1894—Timorlaut).

Fligellinge in mm. :

[Timorlaut (Mus. Dresden): ¢ 285 (juv.), 297 (juv.)]

Damar: ¢ 304.

Babbar : ? 315.

Timor: 6 296*, 297.

Sumba: ¢ 300*. ? 310, 324*, 327.

Flores: of 295*, 301, 305, 306.

Lombok : 2 310.

Djampea : 2 324.

Kalidupa : 2 312.

Verbreitung : Inselkette yon Timorlant bis Lombok ; Djampea, Bonerate (?),

Kalidupa.

Es sind bisher yon der typischen Localitiit nur zwei unausgefirbte Stiicke

bekannt geworden. Da sich indessen zwischen ausgefiirbten Exemplaren aus Babbar

und Damar einerseits und solechen von Flores und Lombok andrerseits keine sub-

spezifischen Differenzen herausstellen, so liegt bei den nahen zoogeographischen

Beziehungen Babbars zu Timorlaut der Schluss nahe, dass die letztere Insel keine

ihr eigentiimliche Form beherbergt.

3. Baza subcristata pallida subsp. n.

In der Fiairbung wie die vorigen Formen, aber kleiner.

Fliigellinge in mm. :

Kei-Inseln: ¢ 286, 294, 295.

Goram : 2 300, 303, 304, 314.

Typus: & Tual (Kei-Inseln), 10. iv. 1900, H. Kiihn coll., im Tring-Museum.

Verbreitung : Kei- und Siidost-Inseln.

4, Baza subcristata reinwardtii (Miill. & Schleg.).

Falco (Lophotes) Reinwardtii Miller & Schlegel, Verh. Ned. Overz. Bezitt. Zool. Aves p. 38 £.2

(1843—Celebes ! Borneo !) Patr. subst. : Ambon.

Fliigelliinge in mm, :

Ceram : od 279, 288, 289, 292, 292, 294, 296*, 298".

% 304, 310.

Ambon: ¢ 2838, 290*, 292, 292, 295, 297,

2 305*, 308, 312,

( 307 )

Buru: 6 292.

2 302*.

Verbreitung : Ceram, Ambon, Buru.

5. Baza subcristata megala subsp. n.

In der Farbung ganz mit B. s. reinwardtii itbereinstimmend, aber grisser.

Fliigellinge in mm. :

Fergusson-Insel : 5 300, 306*.

9 322, 334.

Typus: % Fergusson-Insel, 16. vi. 1897, A. S. Meek coll. No. 627, im Tring-

Museum. ;

Verbreitung: Fergusson-Insel und wahrscheinlich auch die iibrigen Inseln

des D’Entrecasteaux-Archipels.

Baza subcristata megala > reinwardtii.

Exemplare von Siidost-Neuguinea sind im Darchschnitt grésser als solche

aus dem Niederlindischen Teil der Insel und den Siidmolukken, scheinen in-

dessen die Dimensionen der Fergusson-Stiicke nicht zu erreichen.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Brit. Neuguinea:.¢ 298, 300, 303, 310*.

? 313, 315, 318, 321.

Baza subcristata megala < reinwardtii.

Die von mir untersuchten Végel ans Niederlindisch Neuguinea, Misol und

Salawatti sind im Durchschnitt um ein geringes grisser als solche yon den

Siidmolukken, aber kleiner als Exemplare aus dem Britischen Gebiet.

Fliigelliinge in mm.:

Niederl. Neuguinea: ¢ 291, 298, 294, 296, 299, 300.

2 303, 306*, 307, 308, 313.

Misol : 3 297.

Salawatti : 3 289.

2 306.

Zwei ? ? des Tring-Museums von Waigeu scheinen sich in der Ténung der

Unterseite und in der Grésse der Form B.s. rufa zu niihern: Fliigel 312 und

319mm. Das Bestehen von Ubergangsstufen zwischen reinwardtit und rufa aut

den zwischen Halmahera und Neuguinea gelegenen Inseln und im westlichsten

Teil Neuguineas selbst nahm bereits A. B. Meyer in Abd. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden,

1892-3, No. 3 p. 4 an.

Van Oort stellt in Nova Guinea vol. ix Zool. pp. 56, 57, zwei vom Sammler

als % bezeichnete Exemplare vom Noord-River mit der Fliigelliinge 293 und

284 mm. (also offenbar dd!) zu

[Baza reinwardtii stenozona G. KR. Gray]

Baza stenozona G. R. Gray, P. ZS. 1858 pp. 169, 189 (Aru)

Baza reinwardti stenostona (laps. cal.), Berlepsch, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. vol. xxxi 1911 p, 81

mit der Begriindung: “The principal differences between this subspecies and

the trae B, reinwardtii are the smaller dimensions and the somewhat narrrower

( 308 )

bands across the breast.” Ich selbst habe von den Aru-Inseln nur drei Exemplare

gesehen, alles junge Vigel, darunter den im Brit. Museum befindlichen Typus von

stenozona, und kann daher iiber die Berechtigung dieser Form und ihre Beziehung

zu Stiicken von Niederl. Neu-Guinea kein Urteil abgeben; es ist mir indessen

wahrscheinlich, dass letztere der gleichen Form angehéren wie Aruvégel—aber

nicht durch die Merkmale charakterisiert sind, welche van Oort hervorhebt: denn

schmale Binderung und geringe Grésse bei Neuguinea-Stiicken deuten zweifellos

auf junge Vogel hin. Ausgefiirbte Exemplare aus der Gegend des Schneegebirges

sind mit sehr breiten und sehr dunklen Qnerbinden auf der Unterseite versehen.

Graf Berlepsch gibt als Fliigelmass zweier Aruyégel an: “ ¢ 282°5, ad. 304.”

Das erstgenannte Stiick triigt vermutlich noch das infantile Grossgefieder (derartige

Exemplare sind bei meinen Messungen i, a. nicht beriicksichtigt), wiihrend das

zweite ein & sein diirfte.

Man wird vorlanfig am besten tun, die zweifelhafte Form Baza stenozona

fallen zu lassen und die Aruvégel mit der gleichen Formel zu bezeichnen, wie sie

sich fiir Serien aus Holliindisch Neuguinea ergibt.

6. Baza subcristata gurneyi Rams.

Baza gurney Ramsay, Jow'n. Linn. Soc. Zool, vol. xvi p. 130 (1881—Salomons-Inseln).

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

3 289, 290, 294, 295, 295, 296, 299, 299, 300.

2 310, 313, 319, 321.

Verbreitung : Salomons-Inseln.

7. Baza subcristata bismarcki Sharpe.

Baza bismarki Sharpe, in Gould’s Birds New Guinea vol. i t. 4 (1888—Bismarck-Archipel).

Fliigellange in mm.:

3 309, 310*, 312*.

? 317 (Mans, Dresden), 330.

Verbreitung : Bismarck-Archipel.

8. Baza subcristata rufa Schl.

Baza rufa Schlegel, Vog. Ned. Ind. Valkvog. pp. 41, 78; t. 27 f. 4, t. 28. ff. 1-3:(1866—Halmahera,

Morotai, Batjan, Ternate, Tidore),

Ausser durch die in der Ubersicht angegebenen Farbungscharaktere an-

scheinend auch durch etwas bedeutendere Grésse von B&B. s. reinwardtii unter-

schieden.

Verbreitung : Nord-Molukken, Obi.

Anm,: In vielen Fiillen stimmt die Angabe des Geschlechtes auf der Etikette

nicht mit meiner Wiedergabe in den obigen Masstabellen iiberein ; ich habe

ausnahmslos die kleineren Individuen als ¢, die grésseren als ? aufgefiihrt und

bin tiberzengt, dass zuverliissige Geschlechtsbestimmungen den angenommenen

sexualen Gréssenunterschied bestiitigen werden,

( 309 )

XXIV. Die Formen von Cinnyris clementiae Less,

Ubersicht (¢).

A. Schnabel (vom Beginn der Stirnbefiederung an in gerader Linie gemessen)

iiber 18 mm. lang:

a. Brustfedern ohne dunkel rostfarbene Spitzen . C.

b. Brustfedern mit dunkel rostfarbenen Spitzen . C. clementiae keiensis.

B Schnabel unter 18 mm, lang :

a, Oberseite hell oliv : : : : . C.clementiae buruensis.

b. Oberseite diister braun . ; ; : . C. clementiae teysmanni.

clementiae clementiae.

1. Cinnyris clementiae clementiae Less.

Cinnyris clementiae Lesson, Dict. Sc. Nat. vol. 50 p. 18 (1827—Soya auf Ambon).

Cinnyris zenobia Lesson, Voy. Cog. Zool. vol. ip. 679 ; t. 30 £. 3 (1830—Ambon).

Cyrtostomus melanogastra Gray, Handl. B. vol. i. p. 112 (1869—Ceram), Nomen nudum !

Da die Beschreibung von C. venobia nicht 1826, sondern erst 1830, die Tafel

wahbrscheinlich noch spiiter erschienen ist (vergl. Sherborn & Woodward, Ann. &

Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii, 1901, p. 391), so hat der Name C. clementiae die Prioritiit .

Zwar citiert Lesson on bereits im Jahre 1827: tab. 30, fig. 2 (Zool. de la

Coquille), doch diirfte dieses Citat die Annahme bekriiftigen, dass die Tafel damals

noch nicht publiciert war, sondern nur im Original und noch ohne Namens-

bezeichnung vorlag. Bei ihrer Drucklegung wurde die Manuskriptnummeriernng der

vier auf t. 30 abgebildeten Vogel offenbar geiindert, da “Cinnyris zenobia” der

veroffentlichten Tafel die Nummer 3 trict. Hine fast wortliche Wiedergabe der

Originalbeschreibung findet sich in Lessons Man. d’ Orn. ti (1828) p. 40.

Bei dieser Form treten im miinnlichen Geschlecht niemals griinlichblau-metal-

lische Spitzen an den Federn von Stirn und Vorderkopf anf; rostbraune Enden der

Brustfedern, als untere Begrenzung des blaumetallischen Halsschildes, fehlen meist

vollig ; nur elton ist eine geringe Spur dieser Farbung wahrzunehmen.

Fliigelliinge in mm.

Ambon : ¢ 50°5, 51, 51, 51, 52, 52, 53°5.

2 48, 49.

Ceram: ¢ 49°5, 50, 50, 50, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51°5.

2 46.

Schnabelliinge in mm. (¢¢ ad.):

Ambon ; 19, 19, 19°5, 19°5, 20.

Ceram : 18, 18, 18°8, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20.

Verbreitung : Ceram, Ambon, Saparua, Nusa Laut.

2, Cinnyris clementiae keiensis subsp. n.

Subspezifische Merkmale: d ad.: Brustfedern in frischem Gefieder mit breiten,

dunkel rostfarbenen Spitzen ; Federn von Stirn und Vorderkopf mit meist breiten

griiulichblau reflektierenden Spitzen; 2 ad.: Unterseite etwas fahler gelb als bei

der typischen Form. Fliigelliinge im Durchschnitt etwas betriichtlicher als bei

Ceram- und Ambon-Exemplaren.

Fligellinge in mm.:

Kei-Inseln ; 6 51, 51°5, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53.

% 49, 50, 50.

( 310 )

Schnabelliinge in mm. ( dd ad.):

Kei-Inseln ; 18, 18°5, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19°38, 20, 20.

Typus: 3, Add (auf Gross-Kei = Nuhu Jud), 9. vii. 1900, H. Kiihn coll.

No. 2792, im Tring-Museum.

Verbreitung: Kei-Inseln.

Cinnyris clementiae clementiae = keiensis.

Vogel yon Ceramlaut, Goram und den Watubela-Inseln sind intermediiir ; sie

zeigen meist deutliche Spuren des rostfarbenen Brustbandes und kleine metallische

Spitzen an den Stirnfedern. Die Fliigelliinge ist bedeutender als bei der typischen

Form, scheint durchschnittlich sogar die der Keivégel zu iibertreffen.

Fliigelliinge in mm, :

Ceramlaut: ¢ 52, 52°5, 53, 53, 53, 54.

2 50, 50.

Goram : 6 D2, D2; Oo; Do:

Teor : 353, 53, 53.5, 53°5, 54, 545, 55D.

2 50.

Schnabelliinge in mm. (dd ad.):

18:5, 18'S, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19°3, 19°8, 20.

3. Cinnyris clementiae buruensis Hart.

Cinnyris zenobia buruensis Hartert, Bull. B. O. Club vol. xxvii p. 12 (1910—Burn).

Ganz wie die typische Form, aber mit wesentlich kiirzerem Schnabel. Rost-

farbene Federspitzen in der Brustregion fehlen stets, blaumetallische Enden der

Stirnfedern zeigt nur eines der untersuchten dd.

Fliigellinge in mm. :

3 49, 50, 50, 50°5, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51:5, 51-5, 52.

9 47, 47-5, 48, 48, 49.

Schnabelliinge in mm. (dd ad.):

158, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16-5, 17, 17.

Verbreitung : Buru.

4. Cinnyris clementiae teysmanni Diittik.

Cinnyris teysmanni Biittikofer, Not. Leyd. Mus. vol. xv p. 179 (1893—“ Makassar”). Patr. subst.:

Djampea od. Kalao, cf, Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896 p. 168.

Cinnyris teysmanni scheint mir durchaus dem Formenkreis von C. clementiae

anzugehéren. Sie hat mit der Buraform den kurzen Schnabel, mit der Kei-form

das duukel rostfarbene Brustband gemeinsam. Jiingere Stiicke zeigen eine aus-

gesprochen olivfarbene Ténung der Oberseite, die beim ausgefiirbten Vogel einem

diisteren Braun weicht.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Kalao : ¢ 53, 53°2, 54; % 49, 50.

Djampea: 3 53, 54.

Schnabellinge in mm. (¢ d ad.) :

17, 17, 17:2, 17-2; 18.

Verbreitung : Djampea und Kalao.

@ Sie)

XXV. Die Formen von Macropygia ruficeps (Temm.).

Macropygia ruficeps ruficeps (Temm.)

Columba ruficeps Temminck, Pl. Col. t. 561 (1834—Java, Sumatra ; patr. restr. : Java).

Finsch hat in Not, Leyd. Mus. vol. 26 p. 137 dargetan, dass die bisher mit der

typischen MV. ruficeps vereinigten Vogel von Sumatra und Borneo sich durch die bei

alten Stiicken regelmiissig dunkle Kropfileckung unterscheiden, wiihrend diese

Zeichnung bei alten Javanern fehlt.

Die Kropf- oder Brustfeder eines véllig ausgefiirbten Stiickes von ML 7. ruficeps,

mit griin- resp. weinrot-metallischen Spitzen der Nackenfedern, besitzt folgende

Fiirbung (fig. B):

Ein ziemlich breiter Endsaum reinweiss ; es folgt nach der Basis zu eine etwas

breitere, fahl rétlich braune Zone, die ganz allmiihlich in eine lichtgraue iibergeht.

Etwa die gleiche Fiirbung findet sich an den entsprechenden Federn alter Stiicke

von M. 7. orientalis und assimilis.

Die Végel von Borneo, Malacca und Sumatra sind im Gegensatz zu Finsch’s

Vermutung mit der letztgenannten Form nicht ident und miissen einen eigenen

Namen erhalten, als welchen ich

Macropygia ruficeps nana subsp. nov.

vorschlage,

Typus: 3, Kina Balu in Nord-Borneo, 22. iii. 1888, J. Whitehead coll., im

Tring-Musenm.

Charakteristisch fiir diese Form ist neben der geringen Durchschnittsgrésse die

folgende Firbung der Kropf- und Brustfedern beim adulten Vogel (fig. A): Endsaum

reinweiss, basalwiirts begrenzt durch eine hellrostfarbene Zone von der Gestalt eines

Dreiecks, dessen Basis auf dem weissen Endsaum aufraht und dessen beide andere

Seiten flankiert sind von einer breiten schwarzen Zone, die den Federgrund einnimmt

und sich dann gabelt, nach vorn und aussen an Schwiirze zunehmend.—Junge

Exemplare von MV. r. nana kennzeichnen sich vor solchen der drei iibrigen Formen

durch schwarzen, nicht dunkelgrauen oder schwarzgrauen Grund der Kropf- und

Brustfedern; letzteren mangelt in diesem Kleide bei allen Formen ein weisser

Endsaum.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

M. r. ruficeps: Java: 140", 140*, 142", 143, 149".

Bali: 146, 146.

Lombok: 150.

8 Ex.: Durchschnitt 1445, Variation 140—150 mm.

( 312 )

M. r. nana: Borneo: 127, 131, 131, 131, 131*, 132, 133*, 135%, 135*, 136, 137,

137*, 137%, 138, 138*, 138*, 139*, 140, 148%,

Sumatra: 135, 185, 138, 140", 141*, 142*, 144, 144, 148.

Malacca: 135*, 135%, 135%, 137, 138*, 138", 139*, 140, 141, 142,

142, 143.

40 Ex.: Durchsehnitt 137-7, Variation 127—148 mm.

Macropygia ruficeps orientalis Hart.

Macropygia ruficeps orientalis Hartert, Nov, Zool. vol. iii p. 573 (1896—Sumbawa).

Im Fiirbuogscharakter iihnlich der typischen Form, aber Unterschwanz- und

Unterfliigeldecken in der Regel etwas dunkler; das wesentlichste subspezifische

Merkmal besteht in der bedeutenderen Grosse.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Sumbawa: 152, 159.

Flores; 146*, 147, 154, 157*, 158, 160, 161, 162, 162*.

Pantar: 167.

12 Ex.: Durchschnitt 157-0, Variation 146—167 mm.

Verbreitung: Pantar, Flores, Sumbawa, vielleicht auch Lombok.

Macropygia ruficeps assimilis Hume,

Macropygia assimilis Hume, Str. Feath, vol. ii p. 441 (1874—Tenasserim).

In der Fiirbung sehr iihnlich der annihernd gleichgrossen M. 7. ruficeps, aber

unterseits gewbhnlich etwas blasser, insbesondere das Kinn stets weisslicher.

Blasser und durchschnittlich kleiner als W. r. orientalis.

Fliigelliinge in mm.

Burma: 139, 140*, 143*, 144*, 146*, 147*, 148*, 149, 149%, 149*, 152, 153.

12 Ex.: Durchschnitt 146°6, Variation 139—153 mm.

Verbreitung : Burma und Tenasserim.

XXVI. Die Formen von Alcedo ispida im Ostlichen und

sudlichen Asien und dem indo-australischen Archipel.

Die Untersuchung zweier Exemplare aus Bali, die bisher der Form Alcedo

ispida bengalensis cugeteilt worden waren, veranlasste mich, Stiicke aus allen Teilen

des Verbreitungsgebietes dieser Subspecies, so wie es von Hartert in Vég. pal.

Fauna vol. ii p. 883 umgrenzt worden ist, zu vergleichen und fiihrte schliesslich zu

einer Revision der ganzen Gruppe éstlicher und siidlicher Vertreter an der Hand

des enormen Materials, das sich im Tring-Museum und im British Museum

angehiiuft hat.

Hs zeigte sich hierbei, dass wir es vom “ éstlichen Sibirien bis nach ante und

den grossen Sunda-Inseln”’ nicht mit einem einheitlichen Complex zu tun.haben,

dass vielmehr die Form in Malakka, Borneo, Sumatra, den Andamanen und

Nicobaren, Tenasserim, Burma, Siam, Hainan, Mittel- and Siidchina, Assam und

Bengalen am kleinsten ist, von diesem Gebiet aus nach Norden, Osten und Westen

( 313 )

zu dagegen grisser wird, so zwar, dass die Gréssenzunahme der Form lings der

pacifischen Kiiste Asiens mit Hinschluss der vorgelagerten Inseln eine offenbar

sehr allmihliche, nach N.W. zu dagegen eine sehr rasche ist ; die Vogel erreichen

hier bereits im Indus-gebiet und dem westlichen Himalaya die fiir Alcedo ispida

pallasii Rehb. charakteristische Fliigellinge und miissen mit diesem Namen

bezeichnet werden. Es wurde dies bereits von Hume in Stray Feathers vol. i

p- 168 hervorgehoben, als er auf die Alcedo éspida-Form von Sindh zu sprechen

kam: “In size this bird is so conspicuously larger than the common bengalensis,

that the difference cannot fail to strike the most casual observer, and this coupled

with the much shorter bill compels me to identify it with ispida rather than

bengalensis.”

In Vorderindien scheint Alcedo ispida eine zwischen pallasii und bengalensis

intermediiire Durehsehnittsgrisse zu erreichen; gleichzeitig findet man an der

Kiiste des siidlichsten Gebietes zuweilen oberseits sehr lebhaft und dunkel bliulich

gefiirbte Stiicke, die zu der kleinen Ceylonform A. i. taprobana iiberleiten,

Ob die nordostasiatischen Stiicke, einschliesslich der von Formosa, den

Lutschu-Inseln und Japan, als A. 7. pallasii hezeichnet werden diirfen, wie sich aus

ihrer betriichtlichen Fliigelliinge entnehmen liesse, muss die Vergleichung ihrer

Fiirbung und Schnabelform mit topotypischen (westsibirischen) Exemplaren von

pallasii ergeben.

Den folgenden Angaben der Fliigelliinge liegt das Balgmaterial des Tring-

Museums (Zahlen ohne Stern) und des British Museum (Zahlen mit Stern) zu

Grunde.

- Alcedo ispida bengalensis Gm.

Bengalen : 68°5*, 69*, 69:5*, 70*.

Assam: 69*, 69*, 69*, 70-5%, 71*, 71*, 71*, 72*, 72%,

Burma und 8. Shan-Staaten : 67, 67*, 67*, 67*, 67*, 67*, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68*,

68*, 68:5, 685%, 685*, 69*, 69*, 69%, 69*, 69*, 69*, 69%, 69*, 69:5*, 69-5*, 69-5, 70,

70, 70*, 70*, 70*, 70%, 70*, 70*, 70*, 70°5*, 70°5*, 71*, T1*, 715%, 72%, 72%, 72*,

Durchschnitt von 43 Ex. : 69:2 mm.

Yunnan: 67, 71.

Tenasserim : 67, 67*, 67:5*, 67-5*, 68-5, 69*, 69*, 69¥, 70, 70*, 70*, 71%, 71*,

715", 71-5*.

Salanga: 66:5*, 70:5", 71:5*.

Malakka und Singapore: 67*, 67*, 68", 68*, 69%; 69", 69*, 70, 70*,-70*) rime

70", 70%, 70*, 70*, 70°5*, 71, 71", 72*,.73*. Durchschnitt von 20 Ex.: 69°7 mm.

Andamanen : 67, 68*, 68*, 70*, LOM Pla em uremtioN Cae

Nikobaren : 68*, 68°5*, 69, 70*, 71.

Borneo und Labuan : 68, 69*, 69*, 70*, 71*,

Sirhassen: 68.

Siam: 70*, 70-5*, 71*.

Tonkin: 68, 71.

- Hainan: 67, 68, 68, 68:5, 68:5, 69, 69", 70, 70-5, 71, 71, 71-5, 72, 72-5:

Durchschnitt you 14 Bx. : 69°7 mm.

Amoy: 68*, 68*, 69%, 70%, 70%, 71*, 71", 71-5", 72", 74*.

Futschou : 67%, 69%, 69%, 70*, 70, 70",

Schanghai : 68°5, 70*, 70, 72%.

' Tai-pai-shan (T'sin-ling-Geb.): 71", 71*, 72%, 72".

( 314 )

Gréssere nordéstliche Form.

Philippinen : 69, 69, 69, 70, 70, 70%, 70%, 70%, 70, 705, 70°5, 71, 71, 71%, 71*,

71:5*, 71-5*, 71:5, 72*, 72*, 72*, 72*, 72*, 78", 75*. Durchschnité von 25 Bx.:

71:0 mm.

Formosa: 69*, 70, 70, 70*, 70*, 70°5*, 71, 71*, 71:5, 72, 72, 72, 72,

72°5, 72:5, 72°5, 72:5, 72°5, 73, 73, 78, 73, 73*, 73:5, 74, 74*, 74°5*, 745%,

Durchschnitt von 32 Ex.: 72°4 mm.

Okinawa-schima : 69, 69:°5*, 70, 70°5, 70°5, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71:5, 72, 72°5,

73, 78, 73". Durchschnitt von 17 Ex.: 71:2 mm.

Amami-o-schima: 71, an 71, 72, 72, 73, i 73°5, 73°5, 74, 74.

Tanega-schima : 70°5, 72, 72°5, 74, 74:5, 75

Kin-Schinu : ae 73°5.

Amur-bai : 69*, 70*, 70°5*, 71*, 71, 73*, 73*, 74:5*.

toe er

“ MAF

76, 76°5.

Alcedo ispida pallasii Rchb.

Gebiet des Indus und seiner Zufliisse vom Pundjab bis Sindh: 69*, 71*, 72*,

72*, 72", 73*, 73", 73%, 73%, 74*, 74%, 74%, 74*.

Kaschmir : 70*, 71*, 798 72%, 73", 74*,

Yarkand : 73:5, 74.

Ala Kul (Turkestan) : 73°5.

Kandahar (Afghanistan) : oe 74*, 75:5", 76*.

Durchschnitt yon 26 Ex.: 72°8, Variation 69—76 mm.

Alcedo ispida bengalensis S$ pallasii.

Bhutan und Sikkim: 68, 68*, 68*, 68:5, 70, 70*, 71*, 72*, 72°5, 75:5.

Nepal: 68:5*, 69*, 72*, 75:5*.

Jentraler Himalaya: 71*, 72*, 73°5*.

Nord-West-Provinzen : 69*, 69°5*, 71*, 72*, 72°5*.

Alcedo ispida bengalensis S$ taprobana S pallasii

Madras : 68°5*, eno ome

Mysore: 69*, 71*, 7 Chora

Travancore : 68*, be rita elies

Gegend von Bombay : 68*, 69*, 72*, 72*.

Belgaum : 68*, 70*, 71*, 72*, 72*, 73*.

Alcedo ispida taprobana Kleinschm.

Alcedo ispida, var. taprobana Kleinschmidt, Orn. Mber. vol. ii p. 126 (1894—Ceylon).

Die ceylonesische ist die kleinste aller bisher bekannten Formen; sie ist in

der Regel auf Riicken und Biirzel von viel lebhafterem Blau, als es bei A. 7%

bengalensis die Norm ist, und iihnelt dann im Farbton sebr der A. 7. /loresiana, die

indessen in allen Teilen grisser ist, und bei der die Deckfedern der Scapularen

meist weniger griinlich sind. Hs kommen vereinzelte Stiicke auf Ceylon vor, die in

der Fiirbung mit A. 7. wie ganz iibereinstimmen, wie solche gleichfalls aus

dem Wohngebiet von A, 7. hispidoides bekannt geworden sind; doch miissen

(315 )

dieselben offenbar als Variationen—Riickschlage zum Festlandstypus—nicht als

Vertreter einer anderen Form aufgefasst werden.

Fliigellinge in mm. :

Ceylon : 65:5, 66, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67*, 67*, 67:5, 67-5, 67:5, 68, 68, 68, 68*, 685,

69, 69, 69, 69*, 69:5, 69°D*, 70, 71°.

Durchschnitt von 24 Ex. : 68°0 mm.

Verbreitung : Ceylon.

Alcedo ispida floresiana Sharpe.

Alcedo ispida, subsp. a A. floresiana Sharpe, Cat. B. vol. xvii p. 151 (1892—Flores).

Oberseits sehr lebhaft blau, dunkler und viel weniger griinlich als normale

Exemplare von A. ¢. dengalensis ; hierin und in der bedeutenderen Durchschnitts—

grésse vollkommen mit A. ¢. Aéspidoides iibereinstimmend, die sich wiederum durch

die fiir gewohnlich bliiulichen oder schwirzlichen, nicht rotbrannen Wangen und

Ohrdecken unterscheidet.

Fliigellinge in mm. :

Bali: 71, 72.

Sumbawa: 69-5.

Mores S67 O9NGoa. (0 Gls) 10°.

Alor: 69, 69, 70, 70*, 71*, 72, 72*.

Wetter: 72°5, 73, 73, 73:5.

Timor: 67, 70°5, 71, 71.

Sumba: 71*, 71:5, 73, 73, 73°5.

Romah: 71, 72, 72°5, 73, 74, 76.

36 Ex.: Durchschnitt 71:4, Variation 67—76 mm.

Verbreitung : Bisher nur von den oben aufgefiihrten Inseln nachgewiesen.

Alcedo ispida hispidoides Less.

Alcedo hispidoides Lesson, Compl. de Buff. vol. ix p. 345 (1837—Buru).

In der Firbung mit A. 7. foresiana ubereinstimmend, nur sind die Wangen

und Ohrdecken, anstatt rétlichbraun, in der Regel schwiirzlich oder dunkelbliulich

gefiirbt.

M. in der folgenden Masstabelle = nach Meyer & Wiglesworth, The Birds of

Celebes, vol. i p. 265.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Djampea: 70-5.

Kalidupa: 71:5, 72, 72, 73, 73°5.

Saleyer: 71, 72.

Baton: 70:5, 74, 75.

Siid-Celebes: 70, 72, 74, 74.

Nord-Celebes : 71*, 72, 72°5, 73, 74*, 74°5, 75.

Siao: 73:5.

Peling : 73,

Barn: 71°5*, 72, 74.

Ambon : 68°5, 69, 69, 69:5, 69°5, 70, 70*.

Ceram : 68:5, 70, 74 [M].

Goram : 70, 71, 71, 71.

Watubela: 75 [M].

( 316 )

_ Teoor :_ 75.

Obi : 71, 74, 75.

Batjan: 70, 71, 72, 74.

Neu-Pommern ; 69*, 71*,71*, 74 [M].

Neu-Lauenburg : 72*, 72*, 73.

57 Ex.: Durchschnitt 71:9, Variation 68°5—75 mm.

Verbreitung: Ausser von den oben aufgefiihrten Inseln noch nach gewiesen

yon Sangir, Sula-Inseln, Amblan, Banda, Halmahera, Misol und Salawatti.

Alcedo ispida pelagica subsp. nu.

Exemplare vom éstlichsten Neu-Guinea (Collingwood- und Milne-Bai) sowie

yom D’Entrecasteaux- und Louisiade-Archipel sind durchschnittlich betriichtlich

kleiner als typische A. 7. hispidoides, was mich zu ihrer subspecifischen Abtrennung

veranlasst. In der Fiirbung stimmen sie mit Aéspidoédes vollig iiberein.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Ostlichstes Neu-Guinea: 66, 69, 69, 69, 71-5.

Woodlark-Insel : 67, 67:5, 69.

Fergusson-Insel ; 66, 68.

St. Aignan : 69, 69°5, 69°5, 70, 70°5, 71.

Siidost-Insel ; 68, 69, 72.

Rossel-Insel : 69, 69.

21 Ex.: Durchschnitt 68°9, Variation 66—72 mm.

Typus: & St. Aignan, 3. ix. 1897, A. 8S. Meek coll., im Tring-Museum.

Alcedo ispida salomonensis Rothsch. & Hart.

Alcedo ixpida~ salomonensis Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. xii p. 255 (1905—Rendova,

Salomons-Inseln).

Alle ausgesprochen blauen Farbténe der Oberseite sind bei dieser Form noch

dankler und stiirker ins Violette spielend als bei A. 7. hispidoides ; gleichzeitig ist.

die Durehschnittsgrésse bedeutender, Die Vogel von Guadalcanar miissen zwei-

fellos zu salomonensis gezogen werden, obgleich ein Exemplar des Tring-Museums

von genannter Insel einen Ritckschlag zum /ispidoides-Typ darstellt. Derartige

Anniiherungen an den weniger specialisierten Typus finden sich aber vereinzelt bei

allen Formen, :

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Guadalcanar : 74, 75, 75, 75*, 77%.

San Christoval : 73.

Gizo; 75, 76.

Vella Lavella : 73°5, 74, 75:5, 76, 77.

Rendova: 73, 74, 74, 74'5, 74°5, 75, 76, 76°5, 77, 77,

23 Ex.: Durchschnitt 75:1, Variation 73—77 mm.

XXVII. Die Formen von Thriponax javensis (Horsf.).

In seinen 1912 (ia Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. vi) erschienenen ‘ Kritischen

Untersuchungen iiber Piciden” hat Hesse eine Anzahl Vertreter dieser Formen-

gruppe einer niiheren, grésstenteils auf das Material des: Tring-Musenms basierten

Revision unterzogen. Er fasst unter dem Artbegriff Thriponax javensis die

——

—

( 3ir)

folgenden Formen zusammen: Th. j. javensis, parvus und suluensis. Hs zeigt sich

indessen, dass wir den Kreis noch weiter schlagen und mehrere Formen in ihn

hineinbeziehen miissen, die zuniichst durch den Besitz eines weissen, nicht

schwarzen Unterriickens fiir eine spezifische Abtrennung hinreichend gekenn-

zeichnet zu sein scheinen; manche Exemplare von 7h. j. javensis zeigen niimlich

eine mehr oder weniger entwickelte Andeutung eines weissen Unterriickenbandes

wie bereits Hargitt hervorgehoben hat (/dis 1895 p. 475) : “ Many examples of

T. javensis have concealed white feathers both on the Jower back and the rump. . .

they occur in some .specimens of 7. javensis and not in others from the same

locality, regardless of sex and age.” Winige Stiicke des Tring-Musenms

bestiitigen diese Feststellung vollkommen ; sie schlagen die Briicke zu den weiss-

ritckigen Formen des Continents und der Philippinen. Vergl. auch Hesse, /c.,

p. 176.

Fiir die folgenden Untersuchungen und Messungen wurde das Material des

Tring-Museums (Masszahlen ohne Stern) und des British Museum (Masszahlen mit

Stern) benutzt. M =nach McGregor, Man. Phil. Birds, vol. i pp. 406-9 ; H

nach Hesse, é.c. p. 175; B = nach Blasius, J... O. 1890 p. 140.

Ubersicht.

1. Riicken in der Regel einfarbig schwarz, ohne weisse Querbinde auf dem

Unterriicken (selten mit der Andeutung einer solchen) 2.

Riicken nicht einfarbig schwarz: Unterriicken weiss oder gelblich

weiss. Z :

. . . . . Up

2. Federn von Kinn und Keble weiss mit achmalen pene aren Schaftstrichen,

diejenigen yon Kropf und Brust schwarz mit breiten blass rahmfarbenen Siiumen

Th. j. peetoralis.

— Federn von Kinn und Kehle schwarz mit weissen Seitensiinmen oder

einfarbig schwarz, diejenigen von Kropf und Brust einfarbig schwarz oder schmiiler

blass rahmfarben gesiiumt

3. Fliigel in der Regel iiber 220 mm. : 5 : . Th. j. javensis.

— Fliigel unter 220mm. . : ; ; : ; 3 : 4,

4, Fliigel iiber 180 mm. . ; 5.

— Filiigel unter 180mm. _ . : : ‘ Th. ), parvus,

5. Oberschnabel von der Stirn an gemessen in der Repel iiber 50 aa 6.

—— Oberschnabel von der Stirn an gemessen unter 50 mm. 7, j. suluensis.

6, Die schwarzen Federn von Kropf und Brust in der Regel mit hellen rahm-

farbenen Endsiiumen; Durchschnittsgrésse bedeutender . Th. j. multilunatus.

—— Die schwarzen Federn von Kropf und Brust in der Regel einfarbig ohne

helle Endsiiume ;_ Durchschnittsgrisse geringer ‘ . Th. j. confusus.

7. Die weisse Fiirbung des Unterriickens weniger andgedetint’: caudale Hiilfte

der Biirzelfedern schwarz. : ‘ : é : : 8.

Die weisse Fiirbung des Ginteretickens pngeedehnter : : auch die candale

Hiilfte der Biirzelfedern grésstenteils weiss, zuweilen mit schwarzen Flecken . 10.

8. Basis der Handschwingen (meist) ohne oder (seltener) mit einem nur ganz

schwach angedeuteten weissen Fleck; Bartstreif des ¢ schmiiler . T/. /). hargitti.

Basis der Handschwingen, wenigstens der ersten und zweiten iiusscren,

mit wohl ausgebildetem weissem Fleck an der Basis der Innenfahne; Bartstreif des

3 breiter ; : . ‘ 9,

. . . . . . . .

( 318 )

9. Unterschnabel schwiirzlich granu; Duarchschnittsgrésse geringer

Th. j. mindorensis.

— Unterschnabel hell gelblich; Durchschnittsgrisse bedeutender

Th. j. philippinensis.

10. Die weisse Firbung im Basalteil der Innenfahne der Handschwingen

erstreckt sich auf iiber } ihrer Gesamtlinge (mit Ausnahme der beiden iiussersten

Schwingen) . : Z 5 = - : 5 LEG Seddeni.

—— Die weisse , Farbaung an der Teneugitne a Handechmineen ist auf einen

kleinen Fleck an ihrer Basis beschrankt . . - = « DLhng. hodgsone

1. Thriponax javensis javensis (Horsf.).

Picus javensis Horsfield, Trans, Linn. Soc, Lond, vol. xiii p. 175 (1822—Java).

Picus leucogaster Valencienne ex Reinwardt MS., Dict. Sc. Nat. vol. xl p. 178 (1826—Java und

Mindanao ; patr, restr. : Java).

Picus horsfieldii Wagler, Syst. Av., Picus sp. 5 (1827—Java).

Picus fulvigaster Drapiez, Dict. Class. d Hist. Nat. yol. xiii p. 503 (1828—Java).

Hesse teilt dc. 15, Parrot in seinen Bedtr. Ornith. Sumatra’s 5 Fliigelmasse

dieser Form mit. Sie bewegen sich i. a. zwischen 225 und 236 mm. ; einmal wurde

240 [H], einmal 215°5 [H], einmal 205 [P., Sumatra, ob ausgewachsen ?] ermittelt.

Der Durchschnitt liegt bei etwa 229 mm.

Verbreitung : Siid-Tenasserim, Malakka, Lingga, Natuna, Borneo, Bangka,

Sumatra, Java, Bali.

2. Thriponax javensis parvus Richm.

Thriponax parvus Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash. vol. xv p. 189 (1902—-Simalur).

Mit der typischen Form in der Fiirbung vollig iibereinstimmend, aber betriicht-

lich kleiner. Fliigelliinge von 12 Exemplaren 166—179 mm. (nach Richmond).

Verbreitung: Simalur.

3. Thriponax javensis multilunatus McGreg.

Thriponax multilunatus McGregor, Philipp. Journ. Sc. vol. ii p. 285 (1907—Isabela auf Basilan).

Kleiner als die typische Form, und in der Regel—nicht immer—umit auffilligen

gelblichweissen Siiumen der Kropf und Brustfedern, die zwar zaweilen auch bei

Th. j. javensis auftreten, hier aber weniger breit zu sein pflegen.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Basilan: do 205*, 212°5, 212°5, 214*, 223.

2 208*,211-5, 218.

Mindanao : 3d 207*, 209, 209, 210*, 210*, 211, 217-5.

2 205, 212*, 217.

Durchschnitt von 18 Ex. : 211°8 mm.

Verbreitung : Basilan, Mindanao.

4. Thriponax javensis confusus subsp. n.

Luzonstiicke nehmen eine Sonderstellung ein, Sie unterscheiden sich von

Th. j. javensis, mit dem sie in der Viirbung ganz tibereinstimmen, darch die

betrichtlich geringere Grosse ; von Th. j. multilunatus durch das Fehlen heller

(319 )

Saiume an den Kropf und Brustfedern und die etwas kleineren Dimensionen ; von

Th. j. suluensis durch die bedeutendere Fliigelliinge und den meist betrichtlich

lingeren Schnabel ; zudem ist der Unterschnabel dunkelgrau wie bei der typischen

Form, nicht gelblich wie bei suduensis.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Luzon : 3 1965, 197*, 204%, 205%, 210 [M].

2 196, 200 [MJ], 201 [H], 202",

Durchschnitt von 9 Ex. : 202:4 mm,

Schnabelliinge (von der Stirn an gemessen) :

Luzon : ¢ 52*, 52°5*, 53 [M], 54*, 55-5.

2 47 [M], 53, 53%.

Bei einem Exemplar findet sich ein grosses Biischel gelbweisser Federn in der

Mitte des Unterriickens, das den anderen febhlt.

Typus: 3 Mt. Arayat, Central-Luzon, 21. xii. 1893, J. Whitehead coll., im

Tring-Museum.

Verbreitung : Luzon.

5. Thriponax javensis suluensis Blas.

Thriponasx javensis var. nov. suluénsis W. Blasius, J. f. O. vol. 38 p. 140 (1890—J. olé-Sulu).

In der Fiirbung wie Th. j. javensis und confusus, aber im Durchschnitt noch

Kleiner als letzterer, insbesondere der Schnabel kiirzer ; Unterschnabel gelblich,

nicht dunkelgran.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Bongao: do 189, 199*. 2 182, 185*, 195, 201*.

Tawi-tawi: 6 193, 202*. 2 G7

Jolé-Sulu : $ 194.

55 5 Ex. nach B.: 188—195.

5 33d nach M.: Durchschnitt 185.

” shee ” ” ” 192.

Schnabelliinge in mm. (von der Stirn an gemessen):

Bongao: 46, 48*. 2 43*, 46-5, 48%

Tawi-tawi : ¢ 44°5, 50*. 2 46*.

Jolé-Sulu : ? 445,

3 5 Ex. nach B, :; 41—45.

3 334 nach M.: Durchsehnitt 45.

” 229 ” ” ” 42.

Verbreitung : Bongao, Tawi-tawi, Jolé-Sulu.

6. Thriponax javensis pectoralis Tweedd.

Lhriponax pectoralis Tweeddale, P, Z..S. Lond. 1878 p. 340—Leyte.

Durch 7h. j. multilunatus ist diese Form mit Th. J. javensis verbunden ; bei

jungen Stiicken sind die hellen Siiume der Kropf- und Brustfedern schmiiler als bei

adulten, und dieselben sind dadurch dem 7’. J. multilunatus auftallend iihnlich,

doch ist auch bei ihnen die schwarze Firbung an den Kinn- und Kehlfedern auf

schmale Schaftstriche beschriinkt. Kin mir vorliegendes Exemplar besitzt die

Andeutung einer gelbweissen Unterriickenbinde,

( 320 )

Fligellinge in mm. :

Leyte: ¢ 214.

Samar: ¢ 205; ¢ 209.

Verbreitung : Bohol, Leyte, Panaon, Samar.

7. Thriponax javensis hargitti Sharpe.

Thriponax hargitti Sharpe, Ibis 1884 p. 317 t. viii—Palawan.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Palawan: ¢ 212*, 214*, 214*, 215*, 215*, 216*, 216*, 217%, 218, 220%, 220.

2 205%, 206, 208", 217.

Durchschnitt von 15 Ex.: 2142 mm.

Verbreitung : Palawan.

8. Thriponax javensis mindorensis Steere.

Thriponax mindorensis Steere, List Birds and Mams. Steere Exp. p. 8 (1890—Mindoro).

Sehr iihnlich Th. j. hargitti, aber im Durchschnitt etwas kleiner; durch den

Besitz eines meist wohl ausgebildeten weissen Fleckes an der Basis der Innenfahne

der beiden iiussersten Handschwingen und den etwas schlankeren, an der Basis

schmiileren, nicht aber ktirzeren Schnabel hinreichend gekennzeichnet ; zudem. ist

die Fiirbung des SEs dankelgran, nicht gelblich wie bei hargittz.

Fliigelliinge in mm.

Mindoro: ¢ 201, 202, 204* ; 2 201, 206*, 206*, 207.

Verbreitung : Mindoro.

9. Thriponax javensis philippinensis Steere.

Thriponax philippinensis Steere, List Birds and Mams. Steere Exp. p. 8 (1890—Guimaras und

Masbate).

Ahnlich Th. j. hargitti, aber der rote Bartstreif des d wesentlich breiter ;

Innenfahne der beiden iiussersten Handschwingen in der Regel mit deutlich

ausgebildetem weissem Basalfleck ; das Rot der Kopftedern in beiden Geschlechtern

dunkler, Von Zh. j. mindorensis durch den breiteren Bartstreif des 3 und den

gelblichen, nicht dunkelgrauen Unterschnabel unterschieden.

Zuweilen treten—wenigstens bei Hxemplaren von Masbate—rote Spitzen an

den Federn von Kinn, Keble, Hals und Oberriicken auf.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Negros: ¢ 202*, 211, 217. 2 200*, 206.

Masbate: ¢ 214, 217,* 218*, 220 [M]. ? 218 [M].

Panay: ¢ 205*.

Guimaras: ¢ 207*

Verbreitung : Negros, Guimaras, Panay, Masbate.

10. Thriponax javensis hodgsonii (Jerd.).

Hemilophus hodgsonii Jerdon, Vadr, Journ, vol. xi p. 215 (1840—Tellicherry),

Verbreitung : Siidliches Vorderindien,

Ma.

( 321)

11. Thriponax javensis feddeni (Blanf.).

? Picus crawfurdii Gray, in Griffith’s Cuv. Anim. Kingd., Birds, vol, ii p, 513 f. (1829—“ from an

Indian drawing ”’).

Mulleripicus feddeni Blanford, J, A.S. Beng. vol. 32 p. 75 (1863—Burma).

Thriponac jerdoni Cabanis & Heine, Mus. Hein. vol. iv p. 105 (Juli 1863—Ober-Pegu).

Verbreitung : Burma, Nord-Tenasserim, Siam, Cochin-China.

XXVIII. Die Formen von Centropus sinensis (Steph.).

1. Centropus sinensis sinensis (Steph.).

Polophilus sinensis Stephens, in Shaw’s Gren. Zool, vol. ix p. 51 (1815—“ Said to inhabit China.”

Patr. (a nobis) design. : Ningpo.).

? Centropus castanopterus Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool. vol. xiv p. 215 (1826—“ India,” ex Latham,

Hist. B. vol. iii p. 243. Latham vereinigt unter gemeinsamem Namen mehrere Formen und

gibt als Localitaten Calcutta und den Irawaddy an, der abgebildete Jungvogel dagegen, auf

dessen Grésse die anfangs gegebene Beschreibung der Art nicht stimmt, stammt von Cawnpur).

Centropus fasciatus Smith, J. A.S. Beng. vol, x p. 659 (1841—Gorruckpore-Distrikt).

? Centrococcyx validus Heine, J. f.O. vol. xi p. 357 (1863—Ostindien ?).

Centrococeyx maximus Hume, Str. F. vol. i p. 454 (1873—Sindh und Sikkim).

Ich vermag chinesische Exemplare nicht von nord- und nordwest-indischen zu

unterscheiden; es ist indessen miglich, dass die Messung grésserer Serien aus

China eine etwas geringere Durchschnittsgrésse fiir den topotypischen C. s. sinensis

ergibt als fiir: Stiicke aus der Indus- und Ganges-Ebene und dem Himalaya.

Miteinander gemeinsam haben sie den oberseits griinlich, nicht bliulich schimmern-

den Schwanz und den relativ kleinen Schnabel; dies sind die wesentlichsten

Unterschiede gegeniiber der anniihernd gleich grossen Form C. s. budutus. Hin

weiterer Differenzpunkt zwischen siensis und d4ubutus beruht vielleicht in den

briinnlicheren, weniger reinschwarzen und weniger stark gliinzenden Unter-

fliigeldecken der ersteren Form.

Fliigellinge in mm. :

Ningpo :

Futschou: ¢ 210*, 211, 216, 218.

Hongkong: ¢ 205*.

Manipur: ¢ 213*, 213*, 215*, 218*.

Assam: 6 203*, 210".

Behar: ¢ 205.

Dacca: ¢ 204.

Bhutan: ¢ 206*, 208", 213", 214*, 215*.

Sikkim: ¢ 211* 2 220".

Kumaon : 2 230".

Kaschmir: ¢ 210*,

Lucknow :

Delhi: ¢ 208*, 210%, 214*, 220",

Gurgaon-Distr.: ¢ 218".

Saharanpur :

Sindh: 5 222%, 222*, 225%.

Variation : 3 2083—225, ¢ 219— 241 mm,

222, 222", Zeal.

219*

220*, 220*, 220*, 230*.

+o +O +0 +0

226%,

228" 237%, 241%,

299" 234",

231°,

233", 238%.

+O +0 +0 +0 +0

Verbreitung: Siid-China, Manipur, Himalaya yon Bhutan bis Kaschmir,

Assam und nord-indische Tiefebene ; Ebene des Indusgebietes.

( 322 )

2. Centropus sinensis intermedius (Hume).

entrococeyx intermedius Hume, Str. F, vol. i p. 454 (1873—Dhoon, Dacca, Thayetmyo ; patr, restr.:

Thayetmyo).

In der Fiirbung wie (. s. sinensis, also gleichfalls mit oberseits griinlich

schimmernden Steuerfedern und brannem, nicht schwarzem Interscapulum, aber im

Durchsehnitt betrichtlich kleiner,

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Salanga: 197*, 204* [30 Ex, nach A. Miiller: 185—211, Durehschnitt 195-5].

Tenasserim: ¢ 184*, 186*, 186*, 187*, 187*, 187*, 188*, 188*, 188*, 189", 190*,

192*, 193*, 193*, 193*, 194*, 194%, 195*, 195*, 195*, 196*, 196, 198*, 198%,

$ 200*, 200*, 201*, 201*, 203*, 203*, 206*, 207*, 207*, 207*, 207*, 208*, 215*, 217%.

Pegn, Rangoon, Unterlauf des Irawaddy, Sittang- und Salwin-finsses : ¢ 188",

191*, 192*, 192*, 193*, 193*, 193*, 194*, 195, 195*, 195*, 196%, 197*, 197*, 198%,

198, 198*.——- 2 202*, 202, 203*, 207*, 209*, 210*, 219%.

Arakanicd) 187") 197% 199" ¢ 9 2015,208,205, 210" 214". liz.

Kossoum: ¢ 184*, 185*, 188*, 193*, 193*, 195*, 196* ; ? 214*.

S. Yunnan : $ 218%.

S. Chin-hills: 3 195. Alas

Cachar: ¢ 197, 9 217%, 218.

Siam: ¢ 197 (Mus. Paris), 199%.

? 200 (Mus. Paris), 211*, 212 (Mus, Paris), 214*.

Cambodja: 3 188*.

Cochinchina (Mus. Paris): 3 187, 191, 198, 196, 196, 196, 196, 198.

2 200, 202, 202, 202, 203, 203, 205, 206, 208, 213.

Tonkin: 192 (Mus. Paris), 2 213.

Hainan: 191, 191, 192*, 199*, 260, 200, 201, 203*, 204, 205, 215, 215, 218.

Variation: & 184—199, 2? 200—219 mm.

Verbreitung : Salanga, nérdlichster Teil der malayischen Halbinsel (nérdlich

bis Paklan), Tenasserim, Siam, Cambodja, Tonkin, Hainan, Yunnan, Burma nérdlich

bis za den Chin-hills, Tipperah und Cachar, aber nicht Manipur.

3. Centropus sinensis bubutus Horsf.

Centropus bubutus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soe. Lond. vol. xiii p. 180 (1822 —Java).

Centropus philippensis var, javanica Horsfield, Zool. Research. Java, Text zu t. 60 (1824—Java).

Centropus eurycercus Hay, J. A. S. Beng. vol. xiv p. 551 (1845—Malakka).

Centropus borneensis Bonaparte, Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 5 (1854—nomen nudum !),

Centrococeyx acheenensis Hume, Str, F’, vol. vi p. 171 (1878— Acheen = Atjeh, N.W. Sumatra).

Diese Form steht der typischen sehr nahe, unterscheidet sich jedoch durch die

Fiirbung der Steuerfedern, deren Oberseite bei adulten Stiicken stets bliinlich, nicht

griinlich gliinzt, durch den in der Regel relativ stiirkeren, insbesondere hiéheren

Schnabel und durch oft etwas lichteres Braun der Fliigel und des Interscapulum.

Einige Exemplare von Kangean sind anffiillig klein; in der Fiirbung dagegen

stimmen sie ganz mit javanischen tiberein, und die kleine Serie gestattet noch keine

Abtrennung.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Malakka: ¢ 212*, 218"; $ 223 [M], 227%, 232, 232, 285, 239.

Borneo: d 205, 207, 212", 214"; 9 222, 223, 280,

Bunguran: 3 216,

( 323 )

Sumatra: go 206*, 209*, 210*, 211%, 211, 215, 219*, 221*, 221*; 9 223*, 224,

233, 236", 238 [P].

Java: d 225, 205, 207, 211; 2 217, 220 [P], 220 [P], 228.

Kangean: ¢ 192, 202, 204, 205; ¢ 211, 222 [ Vorderman].

Bali: ¢ 215.

Variation: & [192], 202—221; 2 211—239 mm.

Verbreitung : Malakka, Bunguran, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Bali.

Centropus sinensis subsp.

Exemplare von Palawan stimmen in der Firbung vdéllig mit der Form

C. s. bubutus iiberein, sind jedoch durchsehnittlich kleiner, ein Umstand, der zu

ihrer subspecifischen Sonderung berechtigen diirfte.

Fliigelliinge in mm.:

Palawan: ¢ 190 (Mus. Paris), 193 (Mus. Paris), 200*, 200 (Mus. Paris).

2 206*, 209*, 217 (Mus. Paris).

Verbreitung : Palawan, Cagayan-Sulu (?), Balabac (?).

4. Centropus sinensis anonymus subsp. n.

Diese Form unterscheidet sich yon C, s. bubutus durch wesentlich geringere

Grésse und viel diistreres, ausgesprochener kastanienfarbenes Braun der Fliig¢el

und der Interscapularregion, yon C. s. s‘vensis durch die gleichen Merkmale und

zudem durch den oberseits ausgesprochener blaulich, weniger griinlich schimmernden

Schwanz, von C. s. ‘ntermedius durch bliiulicheren Schwanz und dunkleres Braun,

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Jolé-Sulu: ¢ 190 (Mus. Brunsy.), 191 (Mus. Paris); 2 199.

Tawi-tawi: d 182, 182 (Mus. Paris).

Typus: Tawi-tawi, Juli 1893, A. Everett coll., im Tring-Museum.

Verbreitung : Tawi-tawi, Jolé-Sulu.

5, Centropus sinensis parroti subsp. n.

Anf die auffiilligen Merkmale, welche die Ceylon und Vorderindien bewohnende

Form yon allen iibrigen Unterarten des Centropus sinensis unterscheiden; haben

bereits Lord Walden (/dis 1872 p. 366), Hume (Str. 4. vol. i p, 435), Blanford

(Birds Brit. Ind. vol. iii. p. 241), Legge (Birds of Ceylon p. 261) u. a. anfmerksam

gemacht. Sie bestehen in den folgenden Punkten: (1) Die Interscapularregion ist

schwarz mit blaumetallischem Glanz, von der gleichen Viirbung wie der iibrige

Riicken, nicht—wie wir es bei allen iibrigen Formen antreffen—kastanienbraun und

mit Schwingen, oberen Fliigeldecken und Scapularen gleichfarbig. (2) Stirn,

Vorderkopf, Kopfseiten und Kinn heben sich dureh ihre hellere, leicht griuliche,

griinlich schimmernde Fiirbung von dem Colorit des iibrigen, schwarzen Korper-

gefieders sehr merklich ab, wiihrend bei den iibrigen Formen im Alterskleid kein

Aufhellen des Gefiedertones in diesen Regionen bemerkbar ist. (3) Die metallischen

Reflexe an Oberkopf, Nacken und Kehle lassen in der Regel den blauvioletten

Rinschlag vermissen, der die tibrigen Subspecies auszeichnet: Bei Ceylonesen und

Vorderindiern sind diese Reflexe von einem ausgesprocheneren Blau, das oft ins

griinlichblane oder griinliche iibergeht. Schliesslich (4) pflegt das Kastanienbraun

der Fligel etwas dunkler zu sein und die innersten Sekundiiren nehmen oft eine

( 324 )

schwarzgraue Fiirbung an. Den griinlichen, nicht bliiulichen Glanz auf der

Oberseite der Stenerfedern teilt die Form mit allen ihren continentalen Ver-

tretern, die geringe Durchschnittgrésse nur mit C. s. intermedius.

Keiner der Namen, die bisher fiir die Bezeichnung dieser Form Anwendung

fanden, ist in diesem Sinue zuliissig: C. rufipennis Illiger bezieht sich anf den

Philippinenvogel Centropus viridis, und unter der Bezeichnung Centropus castano-

pterus Stephens wurden in der Originalbeschreibung die Subspecies sinens’s und

intermedius zusammengeworfen.

Ich widme die Form, die ich nunmehr (¢ ‘entr opus sinensis parrot? benenne, dem

Andenken Dr, Carl Parrots, der in seinen so iiberaus sorgfiiltigen und kritischen

“Beitriigen zur Ornithologie Sumatras” von neuem auf die Verschiedenheit

ceylonesischer Stiicke gegeniiber solchen aus dem Archipel hinwies.

Typus: Ceylon, BE. Ernest Green coll., im Tring-Museum,

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Ceylon: ¢ 177*, 179%, 180*, 184, 190, 190 [P], 192*, 193*.——? 196%, 196,

197*, 201*, 203, 207 [P].

Travancore : ¢ 186*, 194*.

Mysore: ¢ 185*, 191*.

Ootacamund; 189*, 191*, 192*, 193*, 195*, 196".

Nilehiri-hills : ¢ 186*. 2 212%.

Coorg: 2 202.

Belgaum : 6 185*, 189*, 191*,

Malabar: 186*, 186*, 188*, 186*, 193*, 195*, 197*, 198*.

Siid-Konkan : 3 1§2* 2 203".

Mhow (Haidarabad) : ¢ 189*. ? 205*.

Ahmednuggar (Maharashtra) : 2 201*, 203*, 203*-211*.

Khandala (Nord-Konkan) : ¢ 193*, 196%. ? 203*,

Deccan : 3 185. oalons

Satpura-hills : 2 197*

Sambalpur : ? 199*, 200*.

Sagar: 9 19%*, 202.

Jhansi: od 192.

Ambalah : $ 201*.

Variation: 3 177—196; % 196—212 mm.

Verbreitung : Ceylon und Vorderindien, nach Norden zu begrenzt durch das

Gangestal und die Grosse Indische Wiiste.

Es bedeutet.im yvorstehenden :

P = nach Parrot, Beitrige zur Ornithologie Sumatras p. 187.

M = nach Miiller, J. 7. O. 1882 p, 411.

( 325 )

DIE VOGEL VON BALI.

AUS DEN ZOOLOGISCHEN ERGEBNISSEN DER IL. WAI P LEG C9

MOLUKKEN-EXPEDITION.

Von ERWIN STRESEMANN.

IN unvorhergesehener Aufenthalt auf Bali, der sich anf die Zeit vom 11. Januar

bis 16. Apri] 1911 erstreckte, wurde unter anderem zur Anlage einer

ornithologischen Sammlung auf der Insel benutzt und im ganzen wiihrend dieses

Zeitraumes etwa 350 Bilge in 127 Arten zusammengebracht ; von letzteren waren

53 neu fiir Bali, eine erwies sich als vollig neu fiir die Wissenschaft und gab zur

Aufstellnng eines neuen Genus Veranlassung (Leucopsar Stres., Bull. B. O. Club,

vol. 31 p. 4). Die Kollektion befindet sich jetzt im Tring-Musenm.

Die ersten Stichproben der Vogelwelt Balis verdanken wir Wallace, der sich

auf seinen denkwiirdigen Reisen im Archipel zwei Tage (am 13. und 14. Juni 1856)

bei Buleleng anfhielt und 9 Arten erlangte; die Exemplare sind im Cataloy der

Vogelsammlung des British Museum aufgefiihrt und im folgenden als Cat. B.

vol... pp... citiert. Doch erst 40 Jahre spiiter erhielten wir genauere Kenntnis

iiber die balinesische Ornis, nachdem William Doherty im Marz und April 1896

eine gréssere Sammlung an der Nordkiiste (offenbar hauptsiichlich bei Buleleng,

Gitgit und am Nordabfall des Gunung Bratan) veranstaltet hatte und dieselbe

akah Dr. Hartert bearbeitet worden war, der die Ergebnisse in Nov. Zool. vol. iii.

(1896) pp. 542-54 publicierte (im folgenden citiert als Hartert, p... ). Die Zahl

der von Bali bekannten Arten erhéhte sich damit auf 96; sie ist nunmehr durch

Hinzufiigung von 53 weiteren Species auf 149 gestiegen (gegen etwa 109 auf der

gleichgrossen Nachbarinsel Lombok bisher gesammelter Arten),

Unsere Hauptsammelplatze waren :

1. Die Umgegend von Buleleng, des bedeutendsten Ortes an der Nordkiiste :

weites, offenes, fast ganz flaches Kulturland, zam gréssten Teil mit Sawahs (nassen

Reiskulturen), Fruchtgiirten und Kokospflanzungen bedeckt.

2. Tjelukan Bawang, die westlichste Ansiedlung an der Nordkiiste, eine kleine

Mandaresenkolonie am Rande des grossen pfadlosen Urwaldes, der fast ganz

Westbali (etwa } der Insel) vom Strand bis zam héchsten Gebirgskamm bedeckt :

in geringer Entfernung vom Strand weite kiinstliche Lichtungen, dicht mit

Dorngestriipp oder mit hohen Sumpfgriisern bedeckt und von zahlreichen

Wassergriiben durchzogen ; weiter landeinwiirts lichter, parkiihnlicher Urwald mit

wenig Unterholz.—Liings des Meeresufers flacher mit Korallensand bedeckter

Strand, vor der Kiiste einige ausgedehnte, bei Ebbe trockenliegende Korallriffe ;

mehrere bedentende Biche mit breiten versumpften Miindungen ergiessen sich in

der Niihe des Ortes ins Meer.

3. Gitgit, 1500—2000 f. hoch siidlich von Buleleng am Nordhang des

Centralgebirges gelegenes Dorf: bis hier steigt das Kulturland empor, unmittelbar

iiber der Ortschaft dagegen beginnt der Gebirgswald: miichtige Biiume, mit

epiphytischen Farnen und Moosen iiberwuchert und von zabllosen Lianen um-

sponnen, stellenweise dichtes Unterholz ; sehr feucht, zur Regenzeit fast tiglich

( 326 )

bedentende Niederschliige. Lings des Trigerpfades, der von Gitgit aus mit

Benutzung eines 4000 f. hohen Passes das Centralgebirge westlich vom Gunung

Bratan iiberklettert, ausgedehnte Kaffeepflanzungen.

4, Gunung Bratan, nichst dem wenig héheren “ Pik von Tabanan” mit etwa

2150 m. (6500 f.) der héchste Gipfel des Centralgebirges ; zweimal (am 26, und 28,

Januar) vom erwiihnten Pass aus bestiegen: die Vegetation sehr dicht, die Baume

nehmen erst bei etwa 5000 f. merklich an Hohe ab; in der Niihe des Gipfels

vorwiegend grosse dichte Biische (Rhododendron) und hohe Farne, am Nordhang

des Gipfels Kasuarinenwaldung.

5. Danau Bratan, grosser abflussloser Kratersee, siidlich des Gunung Bratan

und etwa im Centrum der Insel in 2500 f. Hihe gelegen, ganz von gewaltigem

Urwald umgeben, die Ufer versumpft und mit hohen schilfartigen Grisern

bestanden,

6. Kintamani, eine der héchsten bewohnten Ortschaften der Insel, 1300 m.

(4000 f.) hoch am Rande eines alten eingebrochenen Kraters inmitten der jungen

Vulkanlandschaft angelegt, die den dstlichen Teil der Insel charakterisiert : Weite,

ganz baumlose Hiinge, mit oft tiber mannshohen, meist aber niederen Griisern

und yereinzelten Biischen bestanden: Waldungen finden sich nur in den tief

eingeschnittenen Wasserrissen und an_ steilen Abbriichen (Charakterbaum :

Casuarina montana). Jenseits des Kraterabbruches steigt der Aschenkegel des

titigen Vulkans Gunung Batur auf, weiter siidéstlich derjenige des gleichfalls,

aber in weit geringerem Grade, titigen Gunung Agung, der mit angeblich 3200 m.

die hichste Erhebung der Insel darstellt.

Kintamani wurde von uns zweimal von Buleleng aus besucht ; im Mira wurde

sodann eine Reise, wiederum iiber das Ostgebirge, nach Siidbali (Rendang, Klun-

kung, Gjanjar, Den Pasar, Marga) unternommen und von dort iiber den Danau

Bratan der Riickmarsch nach Buleleng ausgefiihrt. Der grésste Teil des siid-

balinesischen Hiigellandes und der vorgelagerten weiten Hbene ist waldloses

Gras- oder Kulturland.

Bevor ich zur Besprechang der einzelnen Arten itbergehe, ist es mir eine

angenehme Pflicht, Herrn Dr. von Rothschild meinen Dank ausznsprechen fiir die

grosse Liberalitit, mit der er mir die Ausarbeitung meiner Sammlungen im Tring-

Museum gestattete, die nur an der Hand eines so bedeutenden Vergleichs materials,

wie es sich zur Zeit allein in Tring findet, bis in die feineren Details stattfinden

konnte. Zu grossem Dank bin ich ferner Herrn Dr. Hartert fiir die freundliche

Unterstiitzung und die mannigfachen wertvollen Ratschliige verpflichtet, die er mir

bei der vorliegenden Arbeit hat zuteil werden lassen, sowie den folgenden Herren

fiir giitige Ubersendung von Vergleichsmaterial (dessen Benutzung in einer

Anzahl kleinerer Nebenarbeiten verwertet wurde, welche unter dem Sammeltitel

“Qrnithologische Miszellen aus dem indo-australischen Archipel” in Nov. Zool.

vols. xix und xx teilweise bereits ihre Veréffentlichung fanden): C. E. Hellmayr,

Prof. Dr. Jacobi, G. M. Mathews, Dr. H. Meerwarth und Prof. Dr. Schauinsland.

Es war meine Absicht, ein vollstiindige Liste der bisher von Bali bekannten

Vogel zu geben. Infolgedessen sind anch die ausschliesslich durch Doherty oder

Wallace gesammelten Arten mit Nummer aufgefiihrt; sie sind jedoch durch

Hinschluss in Parenthese als nicht von mir erbeutet kenntlich gemacht. Nur

beobachtete—nicht in Belegexemplaren gesammelte—Arten sind gleichfalls in

( 327 )

eckige Klammern gesetzt, warden aber nicht numeriert. Mit einem * bezeichnete

Arten sind neu fiir Bali.

Was die Kennzeichnung der gemessenen Exemplare anbetrifft, so habe ich

hierbei die von mir in den “Ornith. Misz.” befolgte Mcthode beibehalten: Mass-

zahlen ohne Zusatz beziehen sich auf Exemplare des Tring-Museums, solche mit

einem * auf ein Stiick des British Museum.

In der systematischen Anordnung der Familien bin ich bis auf einige geringe

Abweichungen Sharpe’s Handlist of Birds getolgt.

[Excalfactoria chinensis (L.).]

Mehrere kleine Wachteln, die zweifellos dieser Art angehdrten, jagte ich

Mitte Januar aus dem Strandgras in der Niihe von Buleleng auf.

1. Gallus varius (Shaw & Nodd.)..

Hartert, p. 554.

¢, Kintamani, 4000 f., liii.; Sjuv., Tegal, 1500 f., 4. iii. i, Kuta Dalem,

4500 f., 2. iii.; ¢ Kuta Dalem, 4500 f., 10. iii; ¢ Tjelukan phen, Bye

é. Iris eres Lauf grauweiss, Delon graubraun, Opescrmanel braun-

schwarz, Unterschnabel branngelb. Kamm ganzrandig, rotviolett; nackte Haut

der Kopfseiten und vordere Hiilfte des Kehllappens schwiarzlich rot, hintere Hillte

dunkelgelb ; Mitte der Kammbasis und vorderer Winkel des Kehllappens blaugriin.

oe ine hellbraun, Fiisse hell briiunlich grau, Oberschnabel schwarzbraun,

Unterschnabel hell gelbgrau.

Hiufig in der Allang-allang-Region des Gebirgskammes im Osten der Insel,

besonders in der Niihe der Ortschaften, ebenso in der buschreichen Grasebene bei

Tjelukan Bawang, wo diese Hiihner vor Sonnenaufgang in den Pflanzungen dicht

bei den Hiitten der Eingeborenen iisen ; vereinzelter traf ich sie in den Kaftee-

pfanzungen. Der Flug ist ziemlich rasch und gewandt, fiihrt aber selten iiber

grossere Strecken. (Im Hafen yon Colombo entwich uns auf der Heimreise ein Hahn

und flog auf einen wohl 10U0 m. entfernten Dampfer.) Zuweilen baumen sie auf

hohen Waldbiiumen auf, meist aber bleiben sie am Boden, wo sie sehr rasch zu

laufen verstehen, Bei Tage lebt Gallus varius im Busch versteckt, paarweis, auch

wohl zwei oder drei Méinnchen beisammen. Der hiiufig ausgestossene Ruf des

Hahnes, ein ranhes und in kurzen Pausen wiederholtes Ke-rek (dem Balzruf des

Rephahnes ahnlich) hat dem Vogel den Namen Keker eingetragen; die Balier

finden diesen Schrei wohltéuend und halten das Wildhuhn daher oft gekiifiot,

es legt jedoch niemals seine Scheuheit ganz ab, Bastarde pieced Gathus

carivs tnd Haushiihnern sah ich zuweilen bei grossen Hahnenkampfspielen

verwendet,

Verbreitung : Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba.

(2. Turnix javanica javanica Rafin. ]

Turniz taigoor pugnax, Hartert, p. 554.

Ich sah die Art auf Bali nor in Gefangenschaft, doch soll sie in den Feldern

nicht selten sein.

Turniz javanica Rafinesque 1814 = Hemipodius pugnax Temminck 1815;

cf. Richmond, Avhk 1909 p. 250,

( 328 )

3. Treron griseicauda griseicauda Gray.

Treron (Ozmotreron) griseicauda, Hartert, p. 552.

$juv., Rendang, 13. iii; ¢, Tjelukan Bawang, 26. iii.; 2, Tjelukan Bawang,

28. ili.

Iris gelbbraun oder orange ; Fiisse dunkel blaurot ; Schnabel-Basis dunkel

griinblan, Apicalhalfte matt graugriin, iiusserste Spitze braungelb; nackte Augen-

gegend griin.

Bei Tjelukan Bawang hiufig auf miichtigen Fruchtbiumen im Urwald.

Balinesisch : Kundu.

In der Celebes-region vertreten durch

Verbreitung: Java, Bali, Lombok.

P.g. wallace, pallidior und sangirensis.

(4. Ptilinopus melanocephalus melanocephalus (Forst.). |

Ptilinopus melanocephalus, Hartert, p, 553

Verbreitung: Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Lomblen,

Pantar, Alor, Sumba, Djampea, Kalao, Saleyer.

5. Ptilinopus cinctus albocinctus Wall.

Ptilinopus albocinctus baliensis, Hartert, p. 553.

3 3d, Danan Bratan, 3000 f., 16.1; 3d, Danau Bratan, 17.1.

Iris braunrot, Fiisse dunkelrosa, Schnabelbasis griin, Schnabelspitze dunkel-

orange. Ich vermag auf Grund der nun aus sieben Exemplaren bestehenden

Baliserie keine constanten Unterschiede gegeniiber Floresstiicken zu entdecken.

Die Fliigel meiner Exemplare messen: 152, 154, 160, 163 mm.

Hiinfig auf frachttragenden Ficusbiiumen im Urwald des Danan-Bratan-Kessels,

wo diese Tauben sich oft in grosser Anzahl einstellten. Sonst nicht beobachtet.

Verbreitung: Flores, Sumbawa, Lombok, Bali.

* 6, Ptilinopus porphyreus (Temm.) (= rosetcollis auct.).

?, Danan Bratan, 3000 f., 16.i.; d$, Danan Bratan, 17. i.

Iris braunrot, Fiisse lebhaft fleischfarben, Schnabel mattgriin oder graugriin.

Nur in der Mulde des Danau Bratan beobachtet, auf Ficnsbiiumen unter der

vorigen Art, aber viel weniger zahlreich als diese.

Verbreitung : Sumatra, Java, Bali.

7. Carpophaga lacernulata williami Hart.

‘arpophaga williami, Hartert, p. 552.

3, Gunung Bratan, 5000 f., 20.1; %, Tegal, 1500 f., 4.ii.; 1 Ex., Tegal,

2000 f., 4. iii.

Fiisse dunkelrosa, Schnabel schwarzgrau oder blangrau mit schwarzer Spitze.

Fliigel 198, 202, 203 mm, Vollkommen mit dem Typus iibereinstimmend.

Nicht selten in der Region der Kaffeepflanzungen, zamal in Ostbali. Im

primiiren Urwald traf ich diese Taube nur vereinzelt an.

Verbreitung: Bali.

(329)

8. Macropygia ruficeps ruficeps Temm.

Macropygia vuficeps, Hartert, p. 554.

Nov. Zool. vol. xx. p. 311,

2, Tegal, 1500 f., 9. iv.

Fiisse dunkel rot, Oberschnabel schwarzbraun, Unterschnabel heller.

Verbreitung :; Java, Bali, Lombok ?

9. Macropygia phasianella emiliana Bp.

Macropygia emiliana, Hartert, p. 554.

6, Tjelukanbawang, 30. ili.

Nur sehr vereinzelt angetroffen ; Aufenthalt meist in dichtem Gebiisch. Bali-

nesisch: Kutu lalang.

Verbreitung : Borneo, Barussan-Inseln?, Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok, Flores.

Fliigellange in mm. :

Borneo: 165, 169, 178 [5 Ex. nach Finsch, V. 2. Mf. vol. xxvi p. 139:

158—173].

Java: 163 [23 Ex. nach Finsch : 165—178].

Kangean: 182 [2 Ex. nach Finch: 195—210}.

Bali: 167, 167, 172.

Lombok: 168, 169, 180, 182, 184.

Flores: 167, 170.

Nias (1M. ph. modiglianii) : 188.

Si-Oban : -176, 180.

10. Streptopelia chinensis tigrina (Temm.).

Turtur tigrinus, Hartert, p. 554.

6, Buleleng, 12.1; ?, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 19.i1.; 2 ? 2, Buleleng, 11. iv.

Fiisse weinrot oder dunkel bliiulich rot, Schnabel schwarz. Fliigel 141, 142,

144, 144 mm.

Sehr hiinfig in der Kulturzone, seltener im lichten Urwald, bei Kintamani bis

4000 f. aufsteigend. Nest im Wipfel hoher Kokospalmen. Hin solches enthielt

am 26. Mirz zwei Hier; 1 Ei misst: 27:2 x 216mm. Balinesisch: Kukur,

Auf Bali ebenso wie auf Java ein sehr beliebter Kiifigvogel, zu dessen gegenwiirtiger

weiter Verbreitung sicherlich zum grissten Teil der Mensch beitrng. Ich selbst

schoss ein entwichenes Exemplar in den Giirten von Ambon, wo die Art zufolge

glaubwiirdiger Aussagen der Hingeborenen nicht heimisch ist, und wenn sie von

Salvadori in Orn. Pap. vol. iii p. 152 von hier sowie von Batjan, Halmahera,

Ternate und Tidore anfgefiihrt wird, so handelt es sich ganz offenbar in allen

Fallen ihres Nachweises auf diesen Inseln um der Gefangenschaft entflohene

Exemplare. In Celebes wurde die Art nach A. B. Meyer (/é/s 1879 p. 137) um

das Jahr 1835 eingefiihrt, ebenso soll sie nach Borneo durch den Menschen von

Java her gebracht worden sein (fide Everett, cf. Meyer & Wiglesworth, Birds of

Celebes p. 645). Dieser ganz recenten Verbreitung ist es wahrscheinlich zu-

zuschreiben, dass die Form noch nicht in—mit unseren Unterscheidungs-methoden

wahrnehmbare—Localrassen zerfallen ist. Freilich wurde eine solche von Parrot

als Turtur tigrinus minor beschrieben. Ich stehe indessen dieser Form, als deren

typische Localitiit Deli auf Sumatra angegeben ist, nach Messung von iiber

70 Exemplaren des Tring-Museums aus allen Teilen des Verbreitungsgebietes

( 330 )

von S. ch. tigrina skeptisch gegeniiber. Tatsache scheint zu sein, dass der

Durchschnitt des Fliigelmasses bei Végeln von den kleinen Sundainseln etwas

hoher liegt als bei solchen von Java, Sumatra und Malakka, indem unter den

von mir gemessenen Exemplaren aus der Inselkette von Bali bis Babbar das

Minimum nicht anter 140 mm. sinkt, wihrend ich bei Sumatra und Malakkavégeln

ein kleinstes Mass von 137, bei solchen von Pegu und von Java ein solches von

138 mm. fand. Indessen ist die Gréssenvariation bei dieser Art an gleicher

Localitiit sehr betriichtlich ; sie schwankt bei den mir vorliezenden Javanern

zwischen 138 und 149, bei Végeln von Burma zwischen 139 und 150, von Flores

zwischen 140 und 150, von Sumbawa gar zwischen 143 und 159 mm, Hin

Exemplar von Deli-Sumatra misst 142 mm., wiihrend Parrots Maximalmass von

Sumatra 138°5 mm. betrug. Sehr anffillig ist mir lediglich die sehr geringe

Fliigelliinge der zwei mir vorliegenden Palawan-Stiicke: 134 und 135 mm. ; nach

McGregor, Man. Philipp. Birds, p. 57, freilich ist die Art dort nur Wintergast (? !).

*11. Streptopelia bitorquata bitorquata (Temm.).

3, Kintamani, 4000 f., 22. 1.

Iris gelborange, Fiisse duukelrosa, Schnabel schwarz,

Ich constatierte nur dieses Exemplar, das sich unter einem kleinen Flug der

vorigen Art befand.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Solor, Timor— Auf den

Philippinen, den Sulu-Inseln, Palawan und in Nord-Borneo durch Streptopelia

bitorquata dussumiert vertreten.

12. Geopelia striata striata (L.).

Geopelia striata, Hartert, p, 554.

3, Buleleng, 12.7. ; ?, Buleleng, 7. iv.

Iris weiss, Fiisse dunkelgrau, Schnabel dunkel blaugran, nackte Augengegend

griinlich gelb.

Gemein in der Kulturzone ; ich traf diese Art auch im lichten Kasuarinenwald

am Gunong Batur in 3500 f. Hohe. Nester in Gebiisch, tiber mannshoch, sehr

fliichtig gebaut. Gelegezahl 2. Zwei belegte Nester fand ich am 26. und 28, Mira

in der Niihe des Strandes bei Tjelukan Bawang; 3 Hier messen: 2273 x 177;

22°3 x 17°7; 232 x 175mm. Balinesisch: titiran.

Auch diese Art wird bekanntlich sehr viel im Kifig gehalten und verdankt sehr

wahrscheinlich ihre weite Verbreitung zum Teil diesem Umstand. Dass sie auf

Ambon, von wo sie Salvadori im Cat. B. vol. xxi p. 460 auffiihrt nicht heimisch

ist, glaube ich mit Bestimmtheit versichern zu kénnen; auf dem nahen Ceram

wurde sie yon mir und den friiheren Reisenden nicht ein einziges Mal getroffen.

Auf Babber (cf. Meyer & Wiglesworth, Birds Cel. p. 648) wurde sie offenbar

gleichfalls eingefiihrt, da sie auf allen Inseln zwischen Lombok und Babber feblt

und hier durch (. striata maugeus ersetzt wird.

[13. Chalcophaps indica (1.).]

Hartert, p. 554.

Ich beobachtete diese Taube nicht selten in den Fruchtgiirten der Eingeborenen

bis 2u 2000 f. Da sie sich mit Vorliebe am Grunde unter dichtem Gebiisch aufhilt,

so ist sie schwierig zu erlegen. Als Nahrang dienen ihr hauptsichlich die Friichte

yon Zingiberaceen und Alpiniaceen.

PR hcg te Xs

ee uae Pet

( 331 )

[14. Rallina fasciata (Raff.). ]

Hartert, p. 554,

“Io. Amaurornis phoenicura javanica (Horsf. ).

Nov. Zool. vol. xx p, 303.

g, Tamblang, 750 f., 9. iii.; 2, Tjelukan Bawang, 26. iii. ; 2, Tjelukan Bawang,

29. ili.; 3, Buleleng, 3. iv.

Iris rotbraun, Fiisse gelb (ad.) oder dunkel braunoliy (juv.), Schnabel dunkel

griinoliv oder griin, Stirnplatte rot.

Auf Bali hiiufig in nassen Reisfeldern und auf sumpfigen Grasflichen. Bereits

durch Doherty gesammelt, aber in der Hartertschen Liste nicht aufgefiihrt.

Balinesich : Ker-koik.

Verbreitung: Natuna, Borneo, Palawan, Sulu-Inseln, Philippinen, Sangir,

Talaut, Sumatra, Barussan-Inseln, Bangka, Java, Kangean, Bali,

[Gallinula chloropus orientalis Horsf. ]

Mehrfach im Robhrgiirtel an den Seen Danau Bujan und Danan Bratan

beobachtet.

[Sterna bergii cristata Steph. ?]

Ende Miirz zwei Exemplare bei Tjelukan Bawang gesehen,

“16. Arenaria interpres (L.).

?, Tjelakan Bawang, 28. iii.

Nur dieses Exemplar am Strand beobachtet.

*17. Charadrius dominicus fulvus Gm.

296, Bubunan, 31. iii,

Nur an diesem Tage, offenbar einem Tage starken Zuges, mehrere unter rastenden

Bekassinenscharen anf brachliegenden Feldern beobachtet. Die erlegten Stiicke

tragen noch nicht das volle Brutkleid.

*18. Charadrius geoffroyi (Wagl.).

3, Tjelukan Bawang, 30. iii.

Ende Miirz am Strand und auf Korallenriffen beobachtet, in Fliigen bis zu

6 Stiick vereinigt.

[Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scop.).]

Ich beobachtete am 27. Mirz ein Exemplar am Strand bei Tjelukan Bawang.

"19. Tringa glareola L.

244, Buleleng, 10. ii. und 3. iv.

Iris dunkelbrann, Fiisse gelbgriin oder braungelb ; Schnabel schwarz, an der

Basis griinlich grau.

(remein in den Reisfeldern, truppweis lebend,

( 382 )

20. Tringa hypoleucos L.

Tringoides hypoleucos, Hartert, p. 554.

?, Buleleng, 12. ii.

Von Januar bis April sehr hiufig am Strand, zuweilen auch an kleinen, dicht

bei der Kiiste gelegenen Siisswassertiimpeln.

*21. Gallinago stenura (Bp.).

2 22, Bubunan, 31. iii.

Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse rétlich braun oder grauschwarz, Basalhilfte des

Schnabels branngelb, Apicalhiilfte schwarz.

Nicht selten von Januar bis Mitte April in den Reisfeldern, am 31. Miirz grosse

Scharen anf den brachliegenden Feldern bei Bubunan. Einige Exemplare beo-

bachtete ich auch in der Allang-allang-Region am Danau Bratan, 2500 f. hoch.

Balinesisch : tiling.

{Esacus magnirostris (Vieill.). |

Am 27. Miirz ein Exemplar auf einem Koralleuriff beobachtet.

[Dissoura episcopus neglecta Finsch. |

Ein Exemplar dieser Art sah ich bei Rendang (Siid-Bali).

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa ; Celebes (?), Philippinen (?).

[Leptoptilus javanicus (Horsf.). |

Ein Dentscher, der zur Tigerjagd nach Bali gekommen war, erziihlte mir, dass

er in Westbali einen Marabu gesehen habe.

*22. Ardea sumatrana Rafi.

2? immat., Tjelukan Bawang, 29. iil.

Mit Sicherheit nur dieses Exemplar beobachtet, das ich unter anderen Reihern

an einer Flussmiindung iiberraschte.

*23. Ardea purpurea manillensis Meyer.

9, Buleleng, 5. iv.

Iris hellgelb, nackter Teil des Unterschenkels gelb, Lauf und Zehen schwarz,

Lauf- und Fusssohle gelb, Oberschnabel schwarz, Augengegend und ein auf dem

Oberschnabel nach vorn ziehender Streif gelb ; Unterschnabel briiunlich gelb.

Vereinzelt in den Sawahs. Am 24, Miirz ein Nest mit halbfliggen Jongen in der

Krone eines miichtigen Waringinbaumes im Dorfe Radjatama. Balinesisch : gnors-

gnorsan.

*24, Egretta intermedia intermedia (Wagl.)

3 immat., Bubunan, 31, iii.

- Iris gelb, Fiisse schwarz, Schnabel gelb, Spitze des Oberschnabels schwarz,

nackte Augengegend hell citrongelb.

Scharenweis in den Sawahs bei Bubunan und Gjanjar.

( 833 )

*25. Egretta garzetta nigripes (Temm.),

234, Buleleng, 26. iii.

Tris gran, Fiisse schwarz, Schnabel schwarz, Basis des Oberschnabels und

nackte Augengegend gelb,

Hiinfig in den Sawahs. Ende Miirz nisteten mehrere Paare in der unten

erwihnten Brutkolonie unter Ardeola speciosa.

_[Demiegretta sacra (Gm,). |

Mehrere Paare am Strand der Nordkiiste beobachtet,

*26. Ardeola speciosa (Horsf. ).

?, Buleleng, 12.i.; 9, Djelantek, 2000 f., 20. ii.; %, Buleleng, 26. iii. ;

?, Bubunan, 31, iii; 2, Buleleng, 2. iv. ; ?, Buleleng, 9. iy.

Iris goldgelb, Fiisse braunrot oder gelblich griin, Schnabel an der Wurzel

blangrau, in der Mitte dunkelgelb, an der Spitze schwarz. Nackte Augengegend

griin.

Bei weitem der hiiufigste Reiher auf Bali, der in sehr grosser Anzahl in den

Sawahs lebt. Eine starke Brutkolonie befand sich in einigen grossen Biiumen vor

dem Hause des Residenten in Singaradja, inmitten der Ortschaft. Ende Marz

enthielten zahlreiche Nester Junge, nach dem Betragen der Alten zn schliessen,

die mit Nahrung im Schnabel aus und ein flogen.

Verbreitung : Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Saleyer,

Buton, Celebes. :

*27. Ardeola ibis coromanda (Bodd.).

3, ? immat., Buleleng, 26. iii,

Iris gelb, Fiisse schwarz, Schnabel hell briiunlich gelb, nackte Angengegend

gelb.

Nicht selten in den Sawahs; unter grossen Scharen von Ardeola speciosa

niichtigten regelmiissig einige auf den Schlafbiiumen vor dem Hause den Residenten

in Singaradja ; vielleicht befanden sich dort auch ihre Nester,

*28. Ixobrychus sinensis (Gm.).

3, Buleleng, 2. iy.

lis gelb, Fiisse gelblich griin, Oberschnabel braunschwarz mit gelber Schneide,

Unterschnabel braungelb.

Nur dieses Stiick constatiert,

*29, Butorides striata javanica (Horsf.).

3, Tjelukan Bawang, 28. iii, ; 9 , Buleleng, 8. iv.

Iris gelb ; Lanf und Zehen griinlich, Sohlen dunkelgelb; Oberschnabel schwarz,

Unterschnabel und Augengegend gelblich griin.

Sehr vereinzelt beobachtet: Am Strand und in den Sawahs. Balinesisch :

Kokokan maling.

[Dendrocygna arcuata (Cuy.) ?}

Eine grosse branne Entenart, wahrscheinlich zu dieser Art gehirig, ist hiiutig

auf den Binnenseen Danan Bujan und Danau Bratan, ;

( 334 )

[Fregata aquila (L.) ?.]

Fregattvégel sah ich mehrfach an der Kiiste.

[Ictinaétus malayensis (Temm.).]

Von Doherty anf Bali erlegt, aber nicht conserviert ; ef. Nov. Zool. vol. iii

p- 543.

*30. Spilornis bassus (Forst.).

3, Tjelukan Bawang, 30. iii.

Iris und Fiisse gelb, Schnabel braunschwarz, Wachshaut und Augengegend

gelb. Fliigel 384 mm.

Nicht selten, zumal im Flachland, wo die Vigel von abgestorbenen Biumen

herab Ausschau zu halten pflegen.

Verbreitung : Bali, Java, Sumatra, Malakka, Borneo, Philippinen (?); stellen-

weise anscheinend neben Sp. pallida auftretend.

Falco bassus Forster 1798 = Falco bacha Daudin 1800; ef. Richmond, Proc.

U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. xxxv p. 592 Anm.

[Haliaétus leucogaster ((Gm.).]

Ich beobachtete Ende Miirz ein Exemplar am Strande bei Tjelukan Bawang.

[Haliastur indus indus (Bodd.) > girrenera (Vieill.). |

Vereinzelt von mir am Strand beobachtet; im Februar ein Paar iiber dem

fischreichen Kratersee Danau Batur, + 3000 f. hoch.

*31. Microhierax fringillarius (Drap.).

3, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15.i.; 9, Tjelukan Bawang, 28. iii.

Iris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz. Fliigel ¢ 92, ? 101 mm.

Ich beobachtete auf Bali nur drei Paare dieses zierlichen kleinen Falken, eines

dayon am Gunung Bratan in 5000 f. Hohe.

Verbreitung: Tenasserim (im Tring-Mus. 2 Ex. von Ataran), Malakka, Borneo,

Sumatra, Java, Bali.

*32. Falco moluccensis occidentalis (M. & W.).

3, Kintamani, 4000 f., 24. ii.

Iris dunkelbrann, Fiisse hellgelb ; Schnabel an der Basis hellgrau, nach der

Spitze zu dunkler werdend ; Wachshant hellgelb.

Vereinzelt iiber den Allang-allang-Hiingen des Gebirgskammes bei Kintamani

beobachtet.

Verbreitung : Java und Inselkette von Bali und Kangean bis Tenimber; Kalao,

Djampea, Binungko, Celebes.

Vereinigt man—was durchaus konsequent ist—das Genus Yeracidea mit Falco,

so muss die obige Form neu benannt werden.

( 335 )

*33. Ketupa ketupa (Horsf.).

3, Djelantek, 2000 f., 20. iii.

Iris dunkelgelb, Fiisse hell braungelb, Schnabel grauschwarz.—Flii¢el 355 mm.

Nur ein Paar beobachtet, das in einem miichtigen Waringinbaum sass und von

zwei Spilornis unter wiitendem Geschrei umflogen wurde.

Verbreitung: Assam, Burma, Tenasserim, Malakka, Borneo, Sumatra, Java,

Bali.

[34. Glaucidium castanopterum (Horsf.).]

Hartert, p. 552,

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.

[35. Phodilus badius (Horsf.). ]

Hartert, p. 552.

Verbreitung : Ost-Himalaya, Assam, Burma, Tenasserim, Malakka, Sumatra,

Nias, Borneo, Java, Bali.

(Kos ? sp.]

Bei Tegal (Ostbali, 2000 f.) beobachtete ich hiinfig eine vollstiindig rote Papa-

geienart vom Hos-Habitus mit schwarzer Fliigelzeichnung, die sich mit Vorliebe

in den Schattenbiiumen der ausgedehnten Kaffeepflanzungen aufhielt. Trotz langer

Bemiihungen gelang es mir leider nicht, einen dieser schenen und im Bliittergewirr

sehr schwer erkennbaren Végel, die wahrscheinlich einer unbekannten Art an-

gehéren, zu erlegen.

*36. Trichoglossus haematodus mitchelli Gray.

233,292, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 30.7.

Tris hellorange, Fiisse hellgrau, Schnabel gelbrot. Ganz mit einer grossen

Serie aus Lombok iibereinstimmend. Uber letztere vergl. Hartert, Yoo. Zool.

vol. viii p. 68.

Die Art ist auf Bali, ebenso wie anf Lombok, auf die héhere Gebirgsregion

beschriinkt ; sie war am Gunung Bratan an Urwaldlichtungen nicht selten und

trat hier gewohnlich in kleinen Fliigen auf——Ich sah anf der Insel niemals

gekiifigte Stiicke dieses Papageis.

Verbreitung : Lombok, Bali.

(Cacatua parvula occidentalis Hart. |

Doherty berichtete in litt. tiber das Auftreten dieser Art auf dem Tafel-hoek in

Siidbali (vergl. Nov. Zool. vol. iii p. 543). Meine in Den Pasar eingezogenen

Erkundigungen bestiitigten diese Angabe nicht; es gibt zwar in Siidbali einzelne

freifliegende Kakadus, es sind dies indessen geziihmte, die yon Lombok her einge-

fiihrt warden und nicht zor Fortpflanzung schreiten. Dagegen soll der Kakadu

ziemlich hiiufig auf der Insel Nusa Penida, siidéstlich von Bali, nisten. Ob er

dorthin ohne Zutun des Menschen gelangt ist, muss ich dahingestellt sein lassen.

Die ungiinstigen Schiffsverbindungen machten mir einen Besuch dieser Insel

leider unméglich.

( 336 )

37. Conurus alexandri alexandri (L.).

Palaeornis alexandri, Hartert, p, 552.

3, Lumbanan, 600 f,, 13. ii.; 2 dd, Tegal, 1500 f., 2. iii. ; 2, Buleleng, 4. iv.

Tris weiss, Fiisse gelbgriin, Schnabel gelblich rot mit gelber Spitze.

Ziemlich hiiufig in der Kulturregion, besonders in Kokosplantagen. Diese Art

wird nicht selten von Eingeborenen in Gefangenschaft gehalten.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Kangean.

Conurus fasciatus gehirt dem gleichen Formencomplex an.—Uber Conurus

Kuhl 1820 vs, Palaeornis Vigors 1825. vergl. Mathews, ov. Zool. vol. xviii p.11.

*38. Loriculus vernalis pusillus Gray.

5 22,1, Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 20.1; ¢, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 28. 7.

Tris graubraun, gelbbraun oder hellgrau, Fiisse orange, Schnabel orangerot oder

zinnober.

Im Gebirge iiberall hiiufig, oft in Schwiirmen bis zu 30 Stiick. Sehr charak-

teristisch fiir diese Vogel ist ihr zirpender Ruf. Sie bevorzugen zum Aufenthalt

die Kronen hoher Urwaldbiiume und sind dort, solange sie unbeweglich verharren—

und dies wiihrt oft lange Zeit—nicht von den Blittern zu unterscheiden.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.

*39. Eurystomus orientalis orientalis (L.).

Nov. Zool. vol. xx p, 298,

?, Baleleng, 13.i.; ¢, Tegal, 1500 f., 9. iv.

Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse ziegelrot, Schnabel ziegelrot, Spitze des Oberschnabels

schwarz.

Sehr vereinzelt beobachtet.

Verbreitung: Bali, Java, Sumatra, Billiton, Borneo, Labuan, Sibutu, Sulu-

Archipel, Philippinen, Siao, Sangir, Talaut, Celebes mit Ausnahme der siidlichen

Halbinsel.

[40. Alcedo ispida floresiana Sharpe. |

Alcedo ispida bengalensis, Hartert, p, 550.

Nov. Zool. vol, xx p. 315.

Verbreitung : Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor, Wetter, Timor, Sumba, Romah,

41. Alcedo meninting meninting Horsf.

Hartert, p. 550.

3, Buleleng, 4. iv.

Tris schwarzbraun, Fiisse und Krallen leuchtend blutrot, Oberschnabel

schwarz, Unterschnabel schwiirzlich rot. Fliigel 66 mm,

Sehr vereinzelt an Flussmiindungen beobachtet.

Verbreitung : Siid-Tenasserim, Malakka, Borneo, Balabac, Palawan, Calamianes, .

Sulu-Archipel, Celebes, Peling, Banggai; Bangka, Billiton, Sumatra, Batu-Inseln,

Java, Bali, Lombok.

Die Abtrennung der Vogel von den Batu-Inseln (als A. m. callima, durch

Oberholser in Smiths. Mise. Coll. yol. 1x No, 7 p. 7) wegen bedentenderer Grisse

( 387 )

und etwas griinlicherer Oberseite erscheint mir sehr gewagt, in Anbetracht der bei

dieser Art nicht unbetriichtlichen individuellen Groéssen- und Fiirbungsvariation.

2 Exemplare des Tring-Museums yon Tana Balla, also aus niichster Niihe des

typischen Fundortes yon Oberholsers callima, variieren untereinander in der Fiir-

bung der Oberseite: das eine, bliulichere, stimmt mit 4, das andere, griiulichere,

mit 3 Javastiicken vollkommen iiberein; ein siebentes Javastiick ist noch griin-

licher als dieses. Auch besteht keine beachtenswerte Gréssendifferenz,

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Bali: 66, 66, 67, 70.

Java: 62:5, 63, 63, 63:5, 64, 65, 66, 66, 67.

Peling: 64.

Tawi-tawi: 67.

Maimbun (Sulu-Arch.): 64,

Bongao: 67.

Borneo : 62, 63-5, 64.

Palawan : 59, 65.

* Bangka (nach Parrot): 58, 62, 62, 62, 62:2.

Malakka; 62, 62, 62-5, 63, 64.

Tana Massa: 64, 68.

Vergl. ferner die Massangaben bei Finsch, Not. Leyd. Mus. vol, xxvi p. 49,

und Meyer & Wiglesworth, The Birds of Celebes, p, 267.

*42. Alcedo beryllina Vieill.

?, Buleleng, 11.ii.; ?, Tjelukan Bawang, 27. iii.; 2, Buleleng, 3.iv.; 3

Buleleng, 7. iv.

Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse schwarz oder rotlich schwarz, Sohlen schmutzig rot,

Schnabel schwarz.

Ofters in der Niihe der Miindungen kleiner Fliisse an der Nordkiiste beobachtet,

Ruf ein durchdringender Pfiff abnlich dem von Alcedo ispida. Balinesisch :

‘sawanié.

]

Verbreitung : Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok.

43. Halcyon chloris collaris Scop.

Haleyon chlovis, Hartert, p, 551,

?, Buleleng, 12. ii. ; 3, Buleleng, 6. iv.

Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse schwarz oder dunkelbrann, Oberschnabel schwarz,

Unterschnabel weisslich hornfarben mit schwarzer Spitze.

Mit Javaexemplaren gut iibereinstimmend, nicht aber mit solchen aus den

Molakken, die in der Regel unterseits ausgesprochener crémefarben getént und auf

Kopf und Riicken dunkler und griinlicher, weniger blan sind. Fliigel : $ 112,

3 113 mm.

Gemein iiberall in der Kulturregion, bis etwa 3000 f. aufsteigend. Balinesisch:

ptenkét.

44. Halcyon sancta Vig. & Horsf.

Haleyon sanctus, Hartert, p. 551,

%, Buleleng, 5: y.

Iris dunkelbrann, Fiisse schmutzig hellerau, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unter-

Schnabel weisslich hornfarben mit schwarzer Spitze,

( 338 )

Hiinfig von Ende Miirz ab in der Kulturregion, indessen weniger zahlreich als

Halcyon chloris.

Gast wiihrend des australischen Winters.

45. Halcyon cyanoventris (Vieill.).

Haleyon cyaniventris, Hartert, p, 551,

?, Gjanjar, 15. ii.

Schnabel und Fiisse rot.

Ich sah mehrere Exemplare an Bachliinfen im Kulturland Siidbalis,

Verbreitung: Java, Bali,

*46. Ramphalcyon capensis floresiana (Sharpe).

1 Ex.: Buleleng, 2. iv.

Iris schwarz, Lidrand rot ; Fiisse lenchtend rot; Schnabel rot, Oberschnabel

dunkler als Unterschnabel.

Selten an Wasserliiufen in der Kiistenebene Nord-Balis.

Verbreitung : Flores, Sumbawa, Lombok, Bali.

Uber Ramphaleyon vs. Pelargopsis vergl. Oberholser, Proc. U. St. Nat. Mus.

vol. xxxv p. 657 ff.

(47. Ceyx rufidorsa innominata Salvad. ]

Ceyx innominata, Hartert, p. 551,

Verbreitung ; Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok, Sambawa, Flores, Sumba.

[48. Anthracoceros coronatus convexus (Temm.).]

‘Anthracoceros convecus, Hartert, p. 551,

Dieser Nashornvogel soll in den grossen Gebirgswiildern des Westens hiinfig

sein, Ich sah ihn nur bei Gitgit, wo mehrmals Fliige bis zu 8 Stiick in grosser

Hohe iiber das Tal hin dem gegeniiberliegenden bewaldeten Berghang zuflogen.

Verbreitung : Malakka, Natuna-Archipel, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Balt.

49. Melittophagus leschenaulti leschenaulti (Vieill.).

Melittophaqus leschenaulti, Hartert, p. 550,

3%, Tjelukanbawang, 27. iii. ; d, Buleleng, 10. iv.

Tris rot, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Hiinfig am Rande grosser Urwaldlichtungen an der Westkiiste Balis.

Verbreitung: Jaya, Bali.

swinhott an.

Der gleichen Formengruppe gehort I. 0.

50. Merops philippinus philippinus L.

Merops philippinus, Hartert, p. 550,

?, Buleleng, 11. ii. ; 2, Buleleng, 10, iv,

Iris dunkelkarmin, Fiisse sechwarzbraun, Schnabel schwarz.

Ich sah diese Vogel nicht selten iiber den Reisfeldern schweben, meist mehrere

beisammen. Bis etwa 2000 f, aufsteigend,

( 339 )

Die Art briitet anf Bali und den benachbarten Inseln wahrscheinlich nicht,

wurde aber doch von Everett auf Lombok im Juli, von Doherty auf Sumbawa im

August gesammelt, Alle iibrigen Hxemplare des Tring-Museums von den kleinen

Sunda-Inseln datieren aus den Monaten November bis April. Die von mir

festgestellten Maximalmasse der Fliigelliinge sind: Ceylon 138, Pini 135-5, Java

133 mm.

Im Bismarek-Archipel und in Dentsch-Nenguinea durch Merops philippinus

salvadorzi vertreten.

51. Hemiprocne longipennis longipennis (Tafin.).

[Hirundo longipennis Rafinesque, Bull. Sc. Soc. Phil. Paris, No. 68 vol. iii p. 153 (1803—Java). |

[Hirundo klecho Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. xiii p. 143 (1822—Java) ]

Macropteryx longipennis, Hartert, p. 549.

?, Pik v. Buleleng, 1500 f., 13.1.; ¢, Tjelukan Bawang, 30. iti.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Ziemlich hiiufig am Urwaldsaum, bis etwa 2000 f. aufsteigend.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.t—Hiervon ist zu unterscheiden

Hemiprocne longipennis harterti subsp. n.

bei der das Gran der Unterseite dunkler ist und tiefer hinabreicht, nur die hintere

Hiilfte des Unterkirpers weiss lassend, wiihrend bei der typischen Form die Mitte

des Unterkérpers etwa von der Brust ab weiss ist. Unterriicken und Biirzel dunkler

grau, die hellsten inneren Armschwingen und Scapularen hell aschgrau oder weiss-

lich gran statt weiss wie bei H. /. longipennis.

Verbreitung : Burma, Tenasserim, Malakka, Bunguran, Borneo, Bangka,

Sumatra,

Typus: %, Deli (N.O. Sumatra), Januar 1889, EH. Hartert coll., im Tring-

Museum.

Ich widme diese Form Herrn Dr. Ernst Hartert, meinem verehrten Lehrer in

malayischer Ornithologie.

In der Fliigelliinge stimmen beide Unterarten mit einander tiberein :

Bali: ¢ 168, 174. ? 169.

Java: 3 160, 162, 163, 164, 167. ? 164, 165.

Sumatra: ? 161, 164, 169.

Bunguran: 6 167. 2 165.

Malakka : 2 155, 158.

Burma: 3 161, Seale

Uber die Anwendung von THemiprocne Nitasch 1829 fiir Maeropteryx

Swainson 1832 vergleiche man Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol. xix p. 68.

*52. Collocalia linchi linchi Horsf. & Moore.

Nov. Zool. vol, xix p, 347,

%, Buleleng, 14. ii.

Iris dunkelbrann, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Hianfig tiberall, am Gunung Bratan bis zn 5000 f. Hohe beobachtet. In dem

steinernen Araberhaus in Buleleng, das wir gemietet hatten, schritten die Végel

Mitte Miirz zur Brot; die Nester wurden an die Zimmerdecke geklebt. Das

Belegexemplar ward am Nest geschossen,

Verbreitung ; Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok.

( 340}

53. Caprimulgus affinis affinis Horsf.

‘aprimulgus affinis, Hartert, p. 549.

6, Buleleng, 12.i.; ¢ 2, Tjelukan Bawang, 27. iii.

Tris, Fiisse und Schnabel dunkelbraun,

Nicht selten, vornehmlich in der Niihe des Strandes, wo die Végel bei Tage im

Gestriipp dicht oberhalb der Flutgrenze verborgen liegen. Balinesisch: tierlepd.

Verbreitung: Sumatra, Borneo, Billiton, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa,

Flores, Alor, Sumba, Savu, Timor, Kisser; Celebes. Anf den Philippinen

durch C. a. griseatus und mindanensis vertreten.

(54. Surniculus lugubris lugubris (Horsf.).]

Surnieulus lugubris, Hartert, p. 552.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali; Ceylon.

Ich vermag Ceylonvégel durchaus nicht von Javanern zu unterscheiden. Beide

stimmen in Fiirbung, Fliigellinge und relativer Liinge des Schwanzes vollig iiberein.

Dagegen weichen Exemplare von Sumatra, Borneo und Malakka, in Grésse und

Farbton der typischen Form gleichend, von ihr dadurch ab, dass die Liinge des

centralen Steuerfederpaares, von ihrem Austritt aus der Hant an gemessen, in der

Regel geringer ist als diejenige des Fliigels, nicht betriichtlicher wie bei S. /.

lugubris. Ich trenne sie daher unter dem Namen

Surniculus lugubris brachyurus subsp. n.

ab.— Typus: 3, Bentong, Pahang, 21. Juni 1910, No. 1725. 10, im Tring-Maseum.

—Bei ausgefiirbten Vigeln von Palawan scheint die Unterseite in der Regel etwas

schwiirzlicher, weniger gran zu sein als bei typischen brachyurus, zugleich von

geringerem und ausgesprochener bliinlichem, weniger gritnlichblanem Glanz als

bei S. 2. dicruroides—eine Anniiherung an die Fiirbung von S. l. velutinus. Diese

Beobachtung mass indessen an weiterem Material gepriift werden, da die Ténung

der Unterseite auch individuellen Schwankungen unterworfen ist.—Das einzige

untersuchte Stiick von Bunguran ragt mit seiner bedeutenden Fliigelliinge weit

iiber den Durehschnitt von S. /. dbrachyurus hinans.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Bali: 128.

Java: 122, 122:5*, 124, 125-5, 131.

Ceylon: 124*, 124*, 125*, 126*, 1265, 127*, 128, 129*, 131*.

Sumatra: 121*, 121°5, 122*, 127*, 129, 131, 132.

Borneo: 118, 119, 119, 120, 122, 124, 126*, 127*.

Malakka: 117*, 119, 119*, 119*, 120, 120%, 120*, 121*, 122*, 1

128*, 128*, 134, 139%, Durchschnitt von 16 Ex,: 1235 mm,

22*, 123", 124,

Lingga: 125,

Bunguran: 144,

Die relative Liinge von Fliigel (7) und Schwanz (c) sei an folgenden Beispielen

illustriert :

Bali: @ 128, ¢ 136.

Java: @ 120,¢ 121; a 124,¢ 130; @ 125°5, ¢ 135; @ 131, ¢ 134.

Ceylon: @ 126°5, e 130 ; a 128, ¢ 131.

A ef hye

Stee

: ( 341-7

Sumatra: a@ 121°5, ¢ 105; @ 129, ¢ 121 ; @ 182, ¢ 128.

Borneo: a 119, ¢ 110°5 ; @ 119, ¢ 1113; @ 120, ¢ 113.

Malakka: @ 119, ¢ 110; @ 120, ¢ 106; @ 124, ¢ 111; @ 134, ¢ 117.

Lingga: @ 125, ¢ 113.

Bunguran: @ 144, ¢ 133°5.

Durch bedeutendere Durchschnittsgrésse sowie dunklere und stiirker glinzende

Unterseite ist von drachyurus unterschieden :

Surniculus lugubris dicruroides Hodgs.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Nepal (terra typ.): 139%, 1389*, 189*, 140*, 145%.

Sikkim ; 136*, 137*, 137*, 137*, 138*, 138*, 138:5*, 139%, 139°5*, 140*, 140*,

140°5*, 141, 142, 142", 1425*, 144, 144-5", 145%, 1455", 147*, 147*, 147-5*.

Durchschnitt von 23 Ex.: 1413 mm.

Bhutan: 144*.

‘Assam: 134*, 134*, 135*, 136*, 136", 136*, 137*, 138", 138*, 138°5*, 138-5*,

139*, 139%, 139*, 141*, 142*, 143*, 144*, 144*, 146*. ;

Cachar : 135*, 138*.

Tonghoo: 148*.

Kyank Pyu: 145*.

8. Shan-Staaten : 136*,

Siam : 135*, 138*.

Hainan: 137°.

Chang-show (Szetschwan): 138.

Die Vogel vom siidlichen Burma, Tenasserim und Salanga werden am besten

mit der Formel

Surniculus lugubris brachyurus S$ dicruroides

bezeichnet.

Fliigellinge in mm. :

Arakan: 132.

Bankassun: 132*, 133*, 136°5*.

Karen-nee : 132*.

Mandalay : 132-5.

Lower Pegu: 120, 131°5*, 135°5*, 139*, 140*, 141.

Tenasserim (Salwin-Mdg. bis Kra): 129:5*, 130%, 132*, 182°5*, 133%, 134*,

134*, 135°5*, 136*, 136*, 137*, 140*, 141*. Durchschnitt von 13 Ex.: 13847 mm.

*55. Cuculus intermedius insulindae Hart.

Cuculus intermedius insulindae, Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna p. 952 (1912—Borneo).

3, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 27. i.

Iris brannrot, Fiisse lenchtend gelb, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel

hellgelb mit schwarzer Spitze. Fliigel 152 mm.

Dieser Kuckuck ist nicht selten im Urwald, wo ich ihn von der Tiefebene bis

hinauf zu 5000 f. antraf. Sein Ruf, den ich oft hérte, ist dem von C. canorus

canorus ibnlich und gleichfalls zweisilbig, doch liegen beide Tonsilben auf gleicher

Hohe.

Verbreitung : Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Pantar

(yon allen diesen Localitiiten befinden sich Pxemplare im Tring-Museum).

( 342 )

[56. Cuculus optatus Gould. |

Cuculus intermedius, Hartert, p. 552.

Wintergast. (Vergl. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna p. 949.)

57. Cacomantis sepulcralis sepulcralis (S. Miill.).

Cacomantis threnodes (non Cab, & Heine !), Hartert, p, 551.

Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 334.

3, Batur, 3000 f., 23. ii.

Iris hellbraun, Fiisse grauoliv, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel dunkel-

braun.

Nar dieses Exemplar beobachtet.

Verbreitung: Sumatra, Simalor, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sambawa, Sumba ;

Philippinen, Sulu-Archipel, Palawan, Borneo ?

[58. Cacomantis merulinus merulinus (Scop.). |

Cacomantis merulinus, Hartert, p, 551.

Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 332.

Verbreitung : Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, Palawan, Sulu-Archipel, Philip-

pinen, Celebes.

*59. Chalcococcyx basalis (Horsf.).

2, Tjelukanbawang, 27. iii.

Iris dunkelbraun, Lauf dunkelgrau, Zehen schwarz, Oberschnabel schwarz,

Unterschnabel dunkelbraun, Fliigel 98 mm.

Ich constatierte nur dieses eine Exemplar, im Gestriipp am Strande.

Die Grenzen des Verbreitungsgebietes sind noch nicht hinreichend bekannt.

*60. Centropus sinensis bubutus Horsf.

Nov. Zool, vol. xx p. 322.

¢, Tangkid, 1500 f., 6. i117.

Nur dieses Exemplar mit Sicherheit constatiert ; es hielt sich in einem dicht

mit Arengpalmen und Citrusbiinmen bepflanzten Fruchtgarten auf.

Verbreitung : Malakka, Natuna, Borneo, Balabac, Palawan, Cagayan-Sulu ?,

Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Bali.

Die Manserverhiiltnisse liegen bei dieser Art wie bei Centropus bengalensis.

Auch hier tritt im Laufe der Gefiederentwickelung normalerweise ein zweites

Jugendkleid auf, das mit weniger deutlichen hellen Querbinden versehen zu sein

pflegt als das erste.

61. Centropus bengalensis javanensis (Dumont).

Centropus javanicus, Hartert, p. 552.

Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 337,

2, 27. iii. 3; FD, 29. iii. ; d, 30. iti—alle von Tjelukan Bawang.

Iris braun ; Lauf grauschwarz, Zehen dunkler; Schnabel schwarz,

Nicht selten im Grasland und im dichten Gestriipp der Kulturzone, wo der

Vogel tagsiiber ein sehr verstecktes Leben fiihrt ; des Abends pflegt er, anf einem

starken Halm sitzend, sich durch einen weithin hérbaren Lockruf, der wie tuk tuk

tuk , . . klingt, bemerkbar zu machen, Balinesisch ; sawan udjan,

( 343 )

Verbreitung : Malakka, Natuna, Borneo, Palawan, Philippinen, Sulu-Archipel,

Bangka, Sumatra, Java, Bali.

Die einzelnen Kleider dieses Graskuckucks sind sehr verschieden gedeutet

worden. Wihrend Oates (Birds of British Burma p. 128; Str. Feath. vol. x

p- 196) das Bestehen eines dem ersten Jugendkleid sehr iihnlichen Winterkleides

behauptet—eine Angabe, die von Shelley im Cat. B. vol. xix p. 353 iibernommen

worden ist—betrachtet Blanford (Birds Brit. Ind. vol. iii p. 243) das gleiche Kleid

als das zweite Jugendgefieder, das aus dem ersten ohne Mauser hervorgehen soll,

und bemerkt hierzu: “ The second garb is called the winter or seasonal plumage by

most authors, but I can find no evidence that it is ever assumed by birds that have

once attained adult coloration; and there are several winter birds in the British

Musenm collection with the adult dress.” W. Blasins beschreibt in Ze/tschr.

Ges. Ornith, 1885, pp. 267-70, eine Reihe von Biilgen, die teilweise verschiedene

Altersstadien repriisentieren, mit grosser Ausfiihrlichkeit, geht jedoch von der

irrigen Ansicht aus, “dass die Ausfiirbung des Gefieders sowohl durch Umfirbung

das iilteren Jugendgefieders als auch durch Mauser bewirkt wird. Mir scheint es

wenigstens héchst wahrscheinlich zu sein, dass das Jugendgefieder am Schwanz

und Rumpfe zunachst sich im Dunkle umfiirbt, bis dann bei der niichsten Mauser die

Federn von vornherein im definitiven Farbentone hervorwachsen,”

Eine Reihe von Mauserbiilgen des Tring-Museums liisst die Aufeinanderfolge

der Gefieder klar erkennen.

I. Jugenkleid.

Federn von Oberkopf und Nacken hell rétlich braun mit ebenso gefiirbtem

Schaft, apicale Hiilfte der Federiste in der Regel schwarz oder dunkelbraun ;

Federn des Mantels und die oberen Fliigeldecken, ebenso die Arm- und Hand-

schwingen hell rotbraun mit rotbraunem Schaft, schwarz quergebandert. Unter-

riicken, Biirzel und Oberschwanzdecken briiunlich, eng schwarz quergebiindert.

Steuerfedern schwarz, oberseits mit griinlichem Metallglanz, und mit zahlreichen

(die centralen mit etwa 15—25) schmalen, hell briiunlichen Querbinden versehen,

Unterseite schmutzig gelbweiss, die Kropftedern meist rotbraun verwaschen und

mit schwarzen Spitzen, die Federn der Korperseiten, die Schenkelbetiederung und

die Unterschwanzdecken dagegen mit schwarzbraunen (Querbinden.

Material : 6 Exemplare, darunter ein noch nicht flugbares.

Dieses Kleid wird offenbar schon nach wenigen Monaten (bei Vigeln von

Cachar in den spiten Herbstmonaten), vollstiindig, d. h. mit Hinschluss des

Grossgefieders, in das

II. Jugendkleid

vermausert. In diesem besitzen die Federn yon Oberkopf, Nacken und Mantel

weissliche oder strohgelbe (uicht mehr rotbraune oder hell braune) Schiifte, die

Federiiste sind an der Basis strohgelb, werden nach der Mitte zu schwarzlich und

gegen die Spitze hin braun. Die kleinen oberen Fliigeldeckfedern sind rotbraun

mit strohgelbem Schaft, die Hand- und ausseren Armschwingen einfarbig rotbraun

mit schwiirzlicher Spitze (seltener mit schwach angedeuteter ()uerbiinderung), die

innersten Armschwingen einfarbig schwiirzlichbraun, Steuerfedern gritnmetallisch,

ohne oder mit nur schwach angedeuteter schmaler briiunlicher Querbiinderung, die

dann meist auf das apicale Fiinftel beschriinkt ist, aber stets mit weisslichem

Spitzensaum von variierender Breite. Unterriicken- und Oberschwanzdecktfedern

schwarz mit zahlreichen briiunlichen Binden; von den letzteren erreichen die beiden

(344)

mittelsten in diesem Kleide eine bedeutende Liinge. Unterseite wie im ersten

Jugendgefieder,

Infolge des betriichtlichen Unterschiedes in der Zeichnung, den Schwingen

und Stenerfedern des ersten Jugendkleides gegeniiber denen des zweiten aufweisen,

liisst sich der Zustand des Grossgefieders bei Stiicken, die im ersten Federwechsel

begriffen sind, ohne weiteres beurteilen. Der Verlauf desselben sei im folgenden

an einigen Beispielen illustriert, und zwar unter Benutzung eines Schemas, dessen

Gedanke der Arbeit Heinroths in Sitzungsber. Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin 1898

p- 101 entlehnt ist. Es stellen darin die mit R und L bezeichneten Balken die

R H L R S L

Fie, 1.

(1) Cachar, 10. x. 1895. © (2) Timor, viii, 1897. (3) Leti, 3. xi.1902. (4) Roma, 20, vii, 1902. (5) Leti,

24, xii, 1902. (6) Roma, 13. viii. 1902.

rechte und linke Hand des Vogels dar; der Arm ist weggelassen, da ein Ziihlen der

Armschwingen am trockenen Balge grossen Schwierigkeiten begegnet. S bedeutet

die Basis der Stenerfedern. Senkrechte Striche mit Koépfehen dienen zur Dar-

stellung der alten noch unvermauserten Federn, Striche ohne K6pfchen, aber mit

einem Punkt unter dem freien Ende bezeichnen eine ausgewachsene Jungfeder ;

“Schwingen, die noch nicht erwachsen, sind durch kiirzere Striche im richtigen

Verhiiltnis wiedergegeben. Dem Grossenverhiiltnis erwachsener Schwingen ist

hierbei nicht Rechnung getragen.” Die Ziffer0 dient zur Bezeichnung einer Liicke,

also der Stelle einer soeben ausgefallenen Feder,

Oe ee ee

( 345 )

Ich kénnte diese Beispiele aus dem mir vorliegenden Material noch betriachtlich

vermehren ; sie alle zeigen die grosse Regellosigkeit im Verlauf der Mauser, die

bald bilateral symmetrisch, bald asymmetrisch stattfindet. Fiir die Handschwingen-

mauser ergibt sich eine gewisse Tendenz zu alternierendem, ascendentem Wechsel,

die Mauser der Steuerfedern scheint nicht selten typisch centripetal sich abzuspielen

(vergl. fig. 1 und 4).

Kin 3 von Nordcachar, erlegt am 23. iii., triigt dieses zweite Jugendkleid noch

vollstindig, so dass sich daraus auf eine etwa 4-5 monatige Tragdauer schliessen

lisst. Dasselbe wird nunmehr—nach Blanford, /.c. p. 243, bei hinterindischen

Stiicken im Miirz oder April, d.h. im Alter von etwa } Jahren, gegen das

I. Brutkleid

vertauscht. Es geschieht dies auf dem Wege einer partiellen Mauser des Klein-

gefieders; das Grossgefieder und die Fliigeldeckfedern, sowie die Federn des

Unterriickens, des Biirzels und die Oberschwanzdecken werden hiervon in der

Regel nicht betroffen, ebensowenig wie die Schenkelbefiederung.

Bei diesem Wechsel treten nun, unabbiingig von Geschlecht und Localitiit,

zwei extreme Fiirbungsphasen und alle sie verbindenden Zwischenstufen auf.

(a) Die neuen Federn des Kopfes, Nackens und der Unterseite sind einfarbig

schwarz wie bei alten Vigeln (Paradoxus-Kleid). Dieser Befund scheint der

hiufigste zu sein. Belegstiicke: ¢, Hainan, 30. ix. 1902; d, Formosa, 26. iv.

1907, ete. :

(6) Das zweite Jugendkleid wird in ein ihm yollig gleiches erstes Brutkleid

vermausert. Die Existenz eines solchen Kleides ist hypothetisch, sie muss durch

die Auffindung briitender “ Jungvégel” noch erhirtet werden (Hypothetisches

Cairii-Kleid).

Sehr hiufig sind Ubergangsstufen zwischen diesen beiden Phasen; bei

ihnen sind die neuen Federn der Unterseite, des Oberkopfes und des Nackens teils

einfarbig schwarz, teils cinfarbig gelbweiss, oder aber es driickt sich der Ubergang

in der einzelnen Feder aus, die dann im basalen Teil schwarz, im apicalen weiss,

oder umgekehrt im basalen weiss, im apicalen schwarz ist, oder ferner schwarz mit

gelblichweissen resp. gelblichweiss mit schwarzen Flecken, Liings- oder Querbinden.

Solche “ gescheckte,” nicht mausernde Stiicke mochten Blasius zu der Annahme

einer Umfirbung ohne Mauser gefiihrt haben.

Bei der nach Ablauf der Brutperiode, d. h. nach 5-6 Monaten, folgenden

Mauser ins

definitive Alterskleid

werden alle Relicte des zweiten Jugendkleides abgestossen und die Hand- und

iiusseren Armschwingen durch gleichfarbige (stets ungebiinderte), die inneren, nach

der ersten Mauser schwiirzlich braunen Armschwingen dagegen bei den Formen

bengalensis and lignator durch rotlich braune, bei den iibrigen Formen durch diister

briiauliche ersetzt. Die neuen oberen Fliigeldecken besitzen bei C. 6. bengalensis

und léignator dunkel rotbraune, nicht mehr strohgelbe Schiifte, die neuen Steuer-

federn zeichnen sich durch das Fehlen eines anffiilligen hellen Endsaumes aus ;

die Federn von Oberriicken, Biirzel und die Oberschwanzdecken sind einfarbig

schwarz, blangriin reflektierend, nicht wie friiher briiuulich gebiindert ; zudem

besitzen die neuen mittleren Oberschwanzdeckfedern eine betriichtlich geringere

Liinge ; diejenigen des zweiten Jugendkleides pflegen meist bereits bei der Mauser

ins erste Brutkleid, anscheinend lingere Zeit ohne Ersatz, auszufallen—kKs

( 346 )

fehlen mir Belegstiicke zur Entscheidung der Frage, ob bei diesem Gefiederwechsel

auch das bei der ersten Altersmauser erhaltene Kleingefieder nochmals gewechselt

wird.

Bei einem d von Formosa, vom 13, v, 1907, sind die beiden ausgewachsenen

innersten linken Steuerfedern des Alterskleides um 30 mm. kiirzer als die ent-

sprechenden noch stehen gebliebenen Federn des zweiten Jugendkleides auf der

rechten Seite. Es bleibt festzustellen, ob eine geringere Lange des Alters-

schwanzes die Regel ist.

Es liegt mir ferner der folgende interessante Balg vor, der einen offenbar

anomalen Gefiederwechsel dartut: Der Vogel mausert aus einem stark abgenutzten,

mit Ausnahme der Fliigel und des Mantels einfarbig schwarzen Kleid in ein solches,

das dem normalen zweiten Jugend- resp. dem Cairii-Kleid gleicht ! Der einzige

Unterschied besteht, darin, dass die nen heryorwachsenden Steuerfedern keinen

hellen Endsaum besitzen(¢, Lombok, Juli 1896, A. Everett coll.). Vielleicht

wurde Oates dureh eiren ihnlichen Manserbalg zu der Annahme eines Winter-

Fia. 2.

kleides gebracht. Dass ein solches nicht besteht, wird durch den Umstand, dass

Stiicke vorliegen, die aus einem schwarzen Kleid in das andere mausern, und dass

man schwarze Vogel anch ausserhalb der Brutzeit antrifft, hinlinglich bewiesen.

Die Zahl der auftretenden Unregelmiissigkeiten ist hiermit noch nicht erschépft.

Im Darmstiidter Museum befindet sich ein sehr bemerkenswertes, durch v. Rosen-

berg gesammeltes Stiick, an dem sich einwandfrei eine Mauser aus dem ersten

Jugendkleid in das Alterskleid—mit Uberspringung des zweiten Jugendkleides—

feststellen liisst. Das Grossgefieder steht im Beginn der Manser; der noch un-

vermauserte Teil der Schwingen zeigt die fiir das erste Kleid charakteristische,

ausgeprigte schwarze Querbiinderung, wiihrend das Kleingefieder bereits zum

grossen Teil gewechselt und durch einfarbig schwarze Federn ersetzt ist !

Es ist hiernach noch der, bisher nicht mit Sicherheit yon mir festgestellte Fall

moglich, dass eine Mauser aus dem ersten Jugendkleid in ein solches stattfindet,

das zwischen dem normalen zweiten Jugendkleid und dem zuletzt veschilderten

extrem abnormen liegt.

Die obenstehende Figur mége die nicht ganz einfachen Verhiiltnisse zur Anschau-

ung bringen. Ich bezeichue darin das erste Jugendkleid mit J, das normale zweite

( 34%)

mit L (= Lepiduskleid, eine Bezeichnung, die nach der Benennung dieses Stadiums

durch Horsfield gewahlt wurde) ; ferner das abnorme zweite Jugendkleid, das dem

definitiven Alterskleide gleicht, mit A, (= Affiniskleid, abgeleitet von Centropus

affinis Horsfield, eine dem ausgefiirbten Vogel gegebene Benennung); die Bedeutung

von A, und A, ergibt sich hiernach von selbst: Es ist das gleiche Kleid nach der

zweiten resp. dritten Mauser. (, ist das Cairii-, P das Paradoxuskleid, C, das

regressive Cairii-Kleid, welches in Ausnahmefiillen dem in der Regel den definitiven

Zustand bezeichnenden Alterskleid A, folgt, Alle Schnittpunkte der Figur, die

iibereinander liegen, entsprechen gleichen Kleidern ; die horizontalen Striche stellen

den Zustand der Gefiederruhe, die sie verbindenden Linien den Mauserweg dar,

und zwar bezeichnen unter den letzteren die ausgezogenen Striche eine nach-

gewiesene, die punktierten eine hypothetische Richtung. t. M.= totale, p. M.=

partielle Mauser.

Der normale Mauserweg verbindet die Punkte J L P A;.

62. Phoenicophaés curvirostris deningeri subsp. n.

Phoenicophaes (Rhinococcyx) curvirostris, Hartert, p. 552.

3, Tegal, 1500 f., 4. iti. (Typus); 2, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 iby, tile US

6, Tegal, 1500 f., 9. iv.

Iris gelb, Fiisse dunkelgran, Oberschnabel hellgriin, Unterschnabel schwarz ;

nackte Augengegend hochrot. 5

Diese neue Form, die ich meinem verehrten Freund, Herrn Prof. Dr. K.

Deninger, dem Leiter der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition, widme, steht der

typischen, javanischen, sehr nahe, unterscheidet sich jedoch durch helleres Braun an

Kehle und Kropf und durch in der Regel helleres Grau an Oberkopf, Kopfseiten

und Kinn, 7 Exemplare von Bali mit 7 von Java verglichen.

finde ich die Iris als weiss bezeichnet (Prillwitz).

Mehrmals in Kaffeepflanzungen am Gebirgshang beobachtet. Diese Kuckucke

pflegen paarweis das Unterholz zu durchstreifen,

Bei Javastiicken

Verbreitung : Bali.

63. Cyanops armillaris armillaris (Temm.).

Cyanops armillaris, Hartert, p. 551.

229, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15.i.; ?%, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 17. i;

3%, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 19 i.; d%, Danau Bratan, 20.i.; ¢d, Gunung Bratan,

4000 f., 21.3.

Iris weissgelb oder weissgran; Fiisse olivgrau; Schnabel schwarz, Basis

Weissgrau.

Gemein in den Kaffeepflanzungen zwischen 2000 und 4500 f. Balinesisch :

tapok boa.

Verbreitung: Java, BaliimAuf Sumatra, Borneo und Malakka durch die

ziemlich stark differenzierte Form C. a. henricii vertreten.

64. Thereiceryx lineatus lineatus (Vieill.).

Cyanops lineata typica, Hartert, p. 551.

3, Tegal, 1500 f., 10. iv.

' Iris braun, nackte Augengegend goldgelb, Fiisse goldgelb, Schnabel rétlich

beinfarben, :

( 348 )

Sharpe vereinigt in der Handlist of Birds, vol. ii p. 185, die typische Form

mit C, /. hodgsoni (Bp.); beide sind indessen wohl unterscheidbar ; bei C. /. lineata

sind die Siiume der Federn an Kropf, Brust und Vorderbauch in der Regel wesent-

lich dunkler, und die durchschnittliche Grosse ist betrichtlich geringer, wie die

folgenden Messungen zeigen.

Fligellange in mm. :

Th. l: lineata: 113, 116, 117, 117, 122, 122.

Th. 1. hodgsoni : 120, 123, 124, 125, 125, 126, 130, 130, 130, 131, 132, 132,

134, 134, 135, 135, 136.

Die Art lebt auf Bali in Kaffeepflanzungen.

Verbreitung von Th, l. lineatus: Java, Bali. :

+ » Lh. 1. hodgsoni: Himalaya, Assam, Burma, Siam, Cambodja.

In der generischen Hinteilung der Capitoniden folge ich Blanford, Birds Brit.

Ind. vol. iti.

65, Xantholaema australis (Horsf).

Hartert, p. 551.

3%, Klampowak, 1500 f., 4. iii.

Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse oliv, Schnabel schwarz.

Ich traf anf Bali nur dieses eine Paar, auf einem Fruchtbaum in der Nihe

einer Ortschaft. Das ¢ warb in sonderbarer Stellung, mit steil aufgerichtetem

Schwanz, um das ?, dabei bestindig seinen einformigen, wie tuk tuk klingenden

Lockruf ausstossend.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.

66, Xantholaema rosea rosea (Dumont).

Xantholaema rosea, Cat. B. vol. xix p. 57 ; Hartert, p. 551.

256, Tegal, 1500 f., 2. iii. ; ¢?, Tegal, 1500 f., 6. iii, ; %, Rendang, 1500 f.,

13. ii. ; d, Den Pasar, 17. iii. ; 3, Buleleng, 27. iii.

Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse hellrot, Schnabel schwarz.

Hiufig in den Fruchtgiirten der Tiefebene und auf den Schattenbiumen der

Kaffeepflanzungen bis etwa 2000 f., meist paarweis. Sehr charakteristisch ist der

Lockruf, ein oft wiederholtes uk uk uk.

Verbreitung: S.O. Sumatra, Java, Bali. Auf den centralen Philippinen

durch X. 7. ¢ntermedia vertreten, eine Form, die von McGregor im Man. Philipp.

Birds p. 391 nicht von der typischen unterschieden wird, sich jedoch durch den

liingeren Schnabel gut kennzeichnet.

Schnabelliinge in mm, (mit den Zirkel von der Stirn bis zur Spitze des

Oberschnabels gemessen) :

Bali: 17-8, 17:8, 18-0, 18°2, 18°3, 18:8, 19°0, 19-2.

Java: 17°8, 18°0, 18:0, 18°5, 18:9, 19:0, 19:0.

Negros : 21:5, 21:5.

Guimaras ; 22-5,

San Antonio: 22:1.

67. Picus vittatus Vieill.

Gecinus vittatus, Hartert, p. 549.

?, Tjelukan Bawang, 28. iii,

Fiisse graugriinlichgelb, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel braungelb mit

hellgraner Spitze,

ee ee ee

( 349 )

Nur dieses Exemplar beobachtet. Es befindet sich im Beginne der Klein-

gefiedermanser.

Verbreitung : Java, Kangean, Bali, Sumatra (cf. Hagen, Tijdschr. Ned. Aardr.

Gen. 1890 p. 136), Malakka, Siam, Cambodja, Cochinchina. Ich vermag konti-

nentale Stiicke nicht von solchen aus Java, Kangean und Bali zu unterscheiden.

68. Dryobates analis (Horsf.).

Hartert, p. 550.

?, Buleleng, 13.1.; d, Pik von Buleleng, 17.i.; 3, Gunung Bratan, 3500 f.,

18. i.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Sehr hiinfig in der Kulturregion und im Urwald, hier bis 4500 f. beobachtet.

In Orn, Mber, 1912 p, 82 trennt Dr. Hesse die Dendrocopos analis-Form des

Continents und von Bali auf Grund vermuteter grésserer Fliigellinge als D. a.

longipennis von der Javaform ab. ; in seinen “ Kritischen Untersuchungen iiber

Piciden ” (Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. vi Heft 2, 1912, p. 157) gibt er die fol-

genden Masse: Bangkok (terra typ.): 101; Bali: 99, 99°5, 99:5, 100; Java: 88

(3 juv.), 91, 92, 93, 93, 96:5, 98 mm.

Meine Bali-Exemplare messen: ¢ 93, 99 ; 2? 95 mm,

Im Brit. Mus. stellte ich ferner fest :

Java: 3 96. 2 93, 94.

Madura: 3 95.

Lampongs (Sumatra) : 2 94,

Burma: ¢ 93. 94, 96, 98. 2 96, 96, 98, 104.

Cochinchina: ¢ 93, 100. 2% 96, 101.

Siam: d 98. @ Fig IO

Im Pariser Museum mass ich :

Annam: 6 102.

Cochinchina: ¢ 9275, 96, 97, 97, 97, 97-5, 98. $ 92, 94, 96, 97-5.

Siam: ¢ 96, 98, 99, 102.

Es erscheint mir angesichts dieser bedeutenden individuellen Groéssenschwan-

kungen fraglich, ob eine Abtrennung der Continentalform auf Grund ihres anscheinend

héheren Maximum berechtigt ist, und die Entscheidung kénnte erst durch eine

grossere Serie aus Java herbeigefiihrt werden.

Verbreitung : Bali, Java, Madura, Sumatra, Burma, Annam, Cochinchina, Siam.

69. Dinopium javanense exsul Hartert.

Tiga javanensis, Cat. B. vol, xviii p. 414 ; Hartert, p. 550,

Tiga javanensis exsul Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. viii p. 51 (1901—Balli).

3, Buleleng, 13.i.; ¢, Buleleng, 12. ii.; d, Buleleng, 6. iv. ; %, Djinengdalem,

14. iv.

Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse dunkelgran oder grangriin, Oberschnabel schwiirzlich,

Unterschnabel dunkelgran mit schwiirzlicher Spitze.

Das ? zeigt den fiir diese wohl unterschiedene Form charakteristischen roten

Nackenfleck.

Fliigelliinge in mm.: ¢ 130, 131, 134, 134, 139; % 180, 182, 134,

Ziemlich hiinfig in der Kulturregion, seltener im Urwald an alten Stiimmen,

( 350 )

hier bis 4000 f, aufsteigend. Eine Bruthdhle, die ich in einer Kokospflanzung bei

Buleleng fand, war in einem abgestorbenen Stamm angelegt worden; das BHin-

fingsloch befand sich etwa 130 cm. iiber dem Boden. Am 12. Februar waren die

drei reinweissen Kier noch unbebriitet. Ihre Masse betragen in mm.: 26°6 x 19-5;

26°5 x 19°75 27:5 x 19°5.

Verbreitung : Bali.

Uber Dinopium Rafinesque 1814 vs. Tiga Kanp 1836 yergl. Richmond,

Auk 1909 p. 250.

70. Chrysocolaptes strictus (Horsf.).

Hartert, p. 549.

3, Tjelukanbawang, 29. iii.

Die Art scheint auf Bali selten zu sein,

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Kangean.

{71. Thriponax javensis javensis (Horsf.). |

Thriponax javensis, Hartert, p, 552.

Nov. Zool. vol. xx p. 318.

Verbreitung: Siid-Tenasserim, Malakka, Lingga-Archipel, Natuna, Borneo,

Bangka, Sumatra, Java, Bali.

(72. Pitta cyanura cyanura (Bodd.). |

Euchichla cyanura, Hartert, p. 549.

Nach Doherty nicht selten im Flachland. Ich habe die Art niemals

angetroften.

Verbreitung : Jaya, Bali.

*73. Chelidon rustica gutturalis (Scop.).

13,2 22%, Buleleng, 4. iv.

Wiahrend der vier Beobachtungsmonate hiiufig in der Kulturzone, zuweilen

scharenweise auftretend,

Wintergast.

74. Muscicapula melanoleuca westermanni Sharpe.

Muscicapula westermanni, Hartert, p. 548.

3, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15. i.; ¢ juv., Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 17.15

3, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 19. i.; %, Gunung Bratan, 6500 f., 26.1.; ¢, Gunung

Bratan, 4000 f., 27.1.; ¢, Danan Bratan, 3000 f,, 29. 7.

Iris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Dieser hiibsche kleine Fliegenfiinger ist eine ziemlich hiiufige Nrscheinung im

Gebirgswald am Gunung Bratan oberhalb 3000 f. Uber seine Lebensweise yergl.

Nov. Zool. vol, xix p. 326.

Verbreitung : Malakka, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Wetter,

~ Timor, Celebes, Batjan, Ceram, Mindanao, Luzon, Negros.

( 351 )

75. Dendrobiastes hyperythra malayana (Grant).

Muscicapula hyperythra, Hartert, p. 548.

Dendrobiastes hyperythra malayana, Stresemann, Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 331,

$ Gunung Bratan, 4500 f., 21.1.

Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse hell granbraun, Schnabel schwarz.

Sehr vereinzelt im Gebirgswald am Gunung Bratan. Uber die Lebenweise

vergl. Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 327.

Verbreitung: Malakka, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa,

Flores, Celebes.

Anm.: Hartert fiihrt versehentlich in seiner Liste Siphia elegans als auf Bali

gesammelt an. Der betreffende Vogel stammt jedoch yom Gunung Ardjuno

auf Java.

76. Hypothymis azurea prophata Oberh. ?

TTypothymis azurea, Hartert, p. 549.

Hypothymis azurea prophata, Stresemann, Nov, Zool. vol, xx p. 294.

3, Tjelukan Bawang, 26. iii.

Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse donkelgrau, Schnabel dunkelblau, Mundhohle

gelbgriin.

Ich begegnete dieser Art einige Male im Gebiisch an Lichtungen oder im

Unterholz lichten Urwaldes der Kiistenebene, wo die Vogel lanbsiingergleich

unter munterem Gezwitscher durch die Zweige schliipfen.

Verbreitung: Malakka, Nieder-Siam (?), Sumatra, Grosse Karimon-Insel,

Lingga-Archipel, Borneo, Bangka, Billiton, Java, Bali(?).

77. Rhipidura javanica Sparrm.

Hartert, p. 549.

3 Ex. von Buleleng, 11. ii., 12. ii. und 26, iii.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Sehr hiinfig im Gestriipp des Kulturlandes, bis etwa 3000 f. aufsteigend.

Balinesisch : petjét.

Verbreitung : Cochinchina, Tenasserim, Malakka, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali.

78. Rhinomyias umbratilis baliensis Hart.

Rhinomyias pectoralis baliensis, Hartert, p. 549.

?, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15.i.; ¢, Kembangsari, 3000 f,, 10, iii.; @,

Tjelukanbawang, 26. iii.

Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse gran oder weisslich blaugrau, Schnabel schwarz,

Das neue Material zeigt die Unterschiede dieser orm gegentiber der typischen

sehr deutlich :

Rh. u. umbratilis (Strickl.): Oberseite warm rétlich braun, am Kopf dunkler

und ins oliyfarbene iibergehend. Unterseite weiss ; iiber die Brust zieht sich ein

breites Band aus blassgrauen [edern, deren Spitzen, anscheinend am ausgepriig-

testen bei jiingeren Voégeln, bei den seitlichen Federn olivbraun gefiirbt sind.

Zuweilen erscheint bei jiingeren Vogeln dieses Brusthand dunkel erémefarben, und

nur die Centren der Federn sind tritb grau.

( 352 )

Rh. u. baliensis Hart.: Oberseite oliv mit geringer briiunlicher Tonung; das

sich tiber die Brust ziehende Band niemals grau, sondern einfarbig hellbraun,

zuweilen ins briiunlich olivfarbene iibergehend.

Im Tring-Mnseum befinden sich jetzt 13 Ex. von Rh. uw. wnbratilis und 9 von

Rh. u. baliensis. Es zeigt sich, dass der Grissenunterschied der Geschlechter

ziemlich betriichtlich ist: 4 ¢¢ von Bali haben eine Fliigelliinge von 76—80, 5 ? 2

eine solche von 70—72 mm, Die Nichtbeachtung dieser Tatsache hat. offenbar

Finsch veranlasst, auf Sumatra das Nebeneinanderbestehen zweier verschieden

grosser Formen anzunehmen, die er 2A, pectoralis und brunneicauda nennt.

Am gleichen Orte (Vot. Leyd. Mus. vol. xxiii p. 40) sucht der genannte Autor

die Identitit von “ Rhinomyias brunneicauda (Vorderm.)” mit Rh. pectoralis

baliensis plausibel zn machen und schliigt den “ Vordermanschen” Namen auf

Grund seiner “ Prioritiit”” vor—gegen alle ehrwiirdigen Nomenklaturregeln. Denn

Vorderman hat in Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. vol. 50, 1891, p. 460 gar keine neue

Art benennen wollen, sondern identificiert eine RAinomyias aus Billiton fiilschlich

mit Hyloterpe brunneicauda Salyad. und gibt zudem eine Beschreibung des Vogels,

aus der deutlich hervorgeht, dass es sich um FA, uw. umbratilis und nicht um

Rh. u. baliensis handelt : ‘de onderdeelen zijn wit, uitgezondert de borst, die eene

grijsachtige kleur heeft en met brownpink getint is.”

Die Art ist auf Bali anscbeinend nicht hiiufig ; ich traf sie stets vereinzelt, im

Unterholz des Urwaldes oder in Kaffeeplantagen, wo sie ein sehr verstecktes,

lichtschenes Leben fiihrt.

Verbreitung : Bali und vermutlich auch Java.

Anum.: Trichostoma umbratile Strickland 1849 = Alcippe pectoralis Salvadori

1868 (ef. W. Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. 1902 p. 686).

79. Culicicapa ceylonensis ceylonensis (Swains.).

Culicicapa ceylonensis, Hartert, p. 549,

3, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15.i.; ¢, Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 20.1.3; 3%,

Danau Bratan, 3000 f., 29. 1.

Iris dunkelbraun ; Fiisse braungelb, rotgelb oder schwarzbraun ; Oberschnabel

schwarzbraun, Unterschnabel dunkelbraan.

Ziemlich selten im Gebiresurwald zwischen 2500 f. und 3500 f., in Gesellschaft

yon Parus und anderen Muscicapiden umherstreichend,

Verbreitung : Ceylon und ganz Indien bis zum Himalaya, Burma, China

siidlich des Tsin-ling-Gebirges, Tenasserim, Malakka, Lingga, Natuna, Borneo,

Java, Bali. Exemplare von Ceylon und dem Himalaya sind vielleicht dureh-

schnittlich etwas grésser als solche aus dem malayischen Archipel.

Fliigellinge in mm. :

Ceylon : 63:5, 64°5, 66%.

Sikkim: 57*, 58*, 58*, 59%, 60*, 60, 60°5*, 60:5", 61", 61-5, 61-5, 62%, 62%,

625", 62:5", 62-5%, 63", 63", 64", 64, 64", 645, 65".

N.W. Borneo: 55, 56, 56*, 58*, 58*, 58*, 58-5, 59, 59°5, 60, 60*, 615, 61°,

62, 64:5.

Java : 55, 58*, 60, 60, 60°5, 62,

Bali : 57°5, 59, 60, 61, 61, 61°, 62.

w A et Aap

( 353 )

*80. Cryptolopha grammiceps (Verr.).

3, Danan Bratan, 2500f., 17.1. ; d, Gunung Bratan, 6500 f., 26.1. ; ¢, Gunung

Bratan, 6500 f., 28. i.

Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse granbraun oder olivbraun, Oberschnabel schwarz,

Unterschnabel hell orange oder braungelb.

Sehr hiiufig im Urwald am Gunung Bratan oberhalb 2500 f. Wesen und Ruf

erinnert sehr an Regulus regulus. Im Gebirge Ost-Balis scheint die Art zu fehlen.

Verbreitung : Gebirge yon Java und Bali.

[81. Phylloscopus borealis examinandus subsp. n.]

Phylloscopus borealis, Hartert, p. 544.

_ Hartert hat bereits in Nov. Zool. vol. iii p. 566 auf die Méglichkeit hingewiesen,

dass wir es auf den Inseln des Archipels mit zwei iiberwinternden Formen yon

_Phylloscopus borealis zu tun haben, da die von ihm untersuchten dd von Sumbawa

und Bali ein auffallend grosses Fliigelmass aufwiesen. Weiteres Material, das in-

zwischen auf den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln gesammelt wurde, scheint diese Annahme zu

bestiitigen. Die Wintergiiste in diesem Teil des Archipels sind in Durchschnitt

grosser und oberseits lebhafter griin gefiirbt als typische dorealis; in letzterem

Merkmal stimmen sie mit Pd. 6. xanthodryas iiberein, der wiederam durch gelb-

lichere Unterseite und langere erste Handschwinge, welche die Handdecken um

etwa 2mm. iiberragt (nicht kiirzer oder gleichlang ist), von Ph. b. examinandus

unterschieden ist.

Fliigellinge in mm. :

Phylloscopus borealis borealis.

Brutvogel: Oberes Lenagebiet : 3 65, 66, 67, 68, 68, 68, 70.

2 62,

Baikalsee : do 67.

SGo% :

Wintergiiste ; Molakken : 3 63, 63, 63, 64, 65, 66, 66, 66, 67, 67,

67, 67, 68, 68, 69, 69.

2 60, 60, 62, 63, 63, 63, 63, 64, 64, 64,

65, 65.

Celebes, Saleyer, Sula: 62, 62, 63, 67.

Philippinen : 61, 61, 62, 63, 67, 67, 67, 67.

Kalao : 3 68, 70.

Bunguran : 64, 64, 65, 66, 67, 67.

Malakka : ? 62, 64,

Phylloscopus borealis examinandus.

Wintergaste: Bali: 3 72, 76; sex? 65.

Sumbawa: 6 74; ¢ 605.

Flores: ¢ 71, 72; sex? 64, 65.

Alor: 2 66, sex ? 65.

Samba : 2 66.

Typus: 3, Bali, Miirz 1896, W. Doherty coll., im Tring-Museum.

Doherty traf diesen Laubsiinger im Miirz hiiufig im Flachland an, Ich sah

( 354 )

nur wenige Exemplare im Urwald Westbalis zwischen Schwiirmen anderer

Kleinvigel ; ein am 29. iii. erlegtes Stiick befand sich stark in der Mauser des

Kleingefieders.

82. Phylloscopus trivirgatus trivirgatus Strickl.

Cryptolopha trivirgata, Hartert, p- 549.

298, Pik von Buleleng, 3000f, 15.i.; d, Gunang Bratan, 6500 f., 26.1. ;

233, Danau Bratan, 3000 f., 29.1. ; 3, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 27.1; ¢, Danau

Bratan, 3000 f., 21. iii.

Iris dankelbraun, Fiisse graublau oder dunkelgrau, Schnabel schwarz.

Der gemeinste Vogel des Gebirgsurwaldes am Gunung Bratan zwischen 3000 f.

und 6500 f. Streicht in grésseren lockeren Schwiirmen mit Muscicapiden und

Zosterops umber, ebenso das Unterholz wie die hohen Kronen durchsuchend, Im

Ostgebirge nicht beobachtet.

Verbreitung : Sumatra (?), Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa (cf. Nov. Zool.

vol. xix p. 322).

83. Saxicola caprata fruticola Horsf.

Pratincola caprata, Hartert, p. 544.

Pratincola caprata fruticola, Stresemann, Nov, Zool. vol, xix p, 321,

3, Buleleng, 10.ii.; %, Batur, 3000 f, 24.ii.; %, Kintamani, 4000 f,, 22. ii. ;

3, Buleleng, 10. iv.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

In den Reisfeldern der Kiistenzone nur hier und da in einzelnen Paaren,

dagegén iiberans hiufig an den kahlen, nur mit Griisern bestandenen Gebirgs-

hiingen Ostbalis zwischen 3500 f. und 5000 f.: hier Charaktervogel. Ende

Februar bei Kintamani in allen Altersstadien beobachtet. Der Vogel sitzt nach

Art unserer Braunkehlchen mit Vorliebe auf Pfiihlen oder Steinen, die tber die

Grasfliiche hinausragen ; fast stets sieht man die Paare beisammen. Balinesisch :

silang djana.

Verbreitung : Inselkette von Java bis Timor (vielleicht bis Babber).

Betreffs Saxicola Bechst. 1802 fiir die Gruppe der Braunkehlchen vergl.

Mathews, Nov. Zool. vol. xviii p. 20.

*84. Pachycephala melanura fulvotincta Wall.

3 juv., Gunung Bratan, 6300 f., 26.1.

Iris dunkel brannrot, Fiisse blangran, Schnabel schwarz.

Die Art, obwohl bisher noch nicht von Bali registriert, wurde hier bereits

durch Doherty in einem Exemplar (2) zwischen 2000 f. und 3000 f. gesammelt.

Sie scheint auf der Insel selten zu sein, da ich ihr nur ein einziges Mal—in der

Rhododendronzone auf dem Gipfel des Gunung Bratan—begegnet bin. Das Auf-

treten einer Pachycephala-Form aus der melunura-Gruppe jenseits der Lombokstrasse

ist von zoogeographischem Interesse ; solthe Formen feblen auf Java, Sumatra,

3orneo und den Philippinen.

Verbreitung : Alor, Pantar, Lomblen, Flores, Suambawa, Bali,

( 355 )

85. Pachycephala grisola grisola (Blyth).

Pachycephala grisola, Hartert, p. 548.

?, Tjelukan Bawang, 29. iii.

Tris braun, Fiisse dunkelgrau, Schnabel schwarz.

Auf Bali anscheinend selten.

Verbreitung - Burma, Tenasserim, Malakka, Andamanen, Borneo, Java, Bali,

Lombok, Kangean.

5 Exemplare des Tring-Museums von Sirhassen, die vollkommen in der Fiirbung

mit einander iibereinstimmen, unterscheiden sich von solchen anderer Herkunft

dadurch, dass der Oberkopf viel dunkler grau und der Riicken viel dunkler braun

ist, letzterer ohne eine Spur olivfarbener Ténung. Unter 29 Vergleichsexem-

plaren von der typischen Form befinden sich drei, die im Ton der Oberseite den

Sirhassenstiicken sehr nahe kommen—2 von N.W. Borneo, 1 von Lombok—diese

unterscheiden sich yon

Pachycephala grisola secedens subsp. n.

wie ich die neue Form nennen méchte, am deutlichsten durch die etwas helleren,

mehr briunlichen, weniger grauen Stirn- und Ziigelfedern.

Vielleicht ist auch die Durchschnittsgrisse von secedens etwas betriichtlicher.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Sirhassen: ¢ 84, 84:5; ? 82, 84, 84.

Andamanen : 82.

Selangor (Malakka): 80.

N.W. Borneo: 80, 82, 83, 83.

Java: 79, 79, 81, 88, 83.

Bali: ¢ 82; ? 81:5, 83.

Kangean: ¢ 81, 85; ? 81, 81, 82°5, 83.

Lombok: ¢ 81°5, 82°5, 83:5, 85, 85:5 ; % 80, 80°5, 81, SL°5.

Zur gleichen Formengruppe gehoren :

“ Pachycephala grisola brunneicauda (Salvad.),” Sumatra.

Pachycephala grisola vandepolli Finsch, Batu-Inseln.

Pachycephala grisola nesiotis (Oberh.), Simalur.

Pachycephala grisola winchelli (Bourns & Wore.), Centrale Philippinen.

Pachycephala grisola whiteheadi (Sharpe), Palawan.

Typus von P. g. secedens: 3, Sirhassen, 21.ix. 1898, A. Everett coll., im

Tring-Museum,

86. Lanius schach bentet Horsf.

Lanius bentet, Hartert, p. 547,

3, 12.i.; %, 21.i.; 2, 3. iv.—alle von Buleleng.

Iris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Kin sehr hiiufiger Vogel der Kulturzone, ganz nach Art unserer heimischen

Wiirger einzeln und paarweis im offenen oder mit niederem Buschwerk bestandenen

Geliinde der Insektenjagd obliegend und gern auf Telegraphendrihten ruhend. An

den waldarmen Hiingen des Ostgebirges bis 4000 f. aufsteigend (Kintamani).

Verbreitung : Malayische Halbinsel (cf. Robinson, /Hand/. Birds Mal. Penins.

1910, p. 18 Anm.), Inselkette von Sumatra bis Timor.

Die Form scheint die Tendenz zu zeigen, nach Osten zu an Grisse abzunehmen ;

(356 )

auch weisen Vogel von Timor und Alor einen dunkler rostbraunen Ton auf Unter- .

riicken und Biirzel auf als solche von Sumatra. —

Fliigelliinge in mm. (adulte Ex.) :

Sumatra: 91, 92, 92, 95.

Java: 89, 91, 92, 92, 94, 95.

Bali: 90, 90, 91, 91, 91, 92, 93.

Kangean: 86.

Lombok ; 89.

Sumbawa: 86, 86, 88, 91:5, 92, 92.

Alor: 84, 88.

Wetter : 87, 87, 87, 89, 89, 89.

Timor: 85, 87.

Kisser: 86, 86:5, 87, 88°95.

87. Lanius cristatus superciliosus Lath.

Lanius superciliosus, Hartert, p. 548.

32, 10.ii. ; 2, 5.iv.; ¢, 11. iv.—alle von Buleleng.

Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse schwarzgrau, Schnabel schwarz mit hornfarbener Basis

des Unterschnabels. Bei dem letzterwiihnten alten ¢ ist die weisse Stirnfiirbung

13 mm. breit !

Ziemlich hiiufig in der Region der Reisfelder. Aufenthalt und Benehmen wie

bei Lanius schach bentet.

Verbreitung: Bratvogel in Japan ; scheint hauptsiichlich auf der Malayischen

Halbinsel und den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln yon Bali bis Sumba zu wherwintern,

Lanius cristatus lucionensis 1., der diese Form als Brutvogel in China vertritt,

besucht auch getrennte Winterquartiere: die Philippinen und Celebes, sowie

vereinzelt Halmahera und Ceram. Nur auf Malakka scheinen beide Unterarten |

im Winter nebeneinander vorzukommen,

88. Hemipus obscurus (Horsf.).

Hartert, p. 548.

3, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f, 16.i.; 2, Danau Bratan, 2500 f, 17.1.5; %,

Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 20.1; ¢, Pik von Buleleng, 2500 f., 21.1; ?, Gitgit,

2500 f., 1. ii; 2, Gitgit, 1500 f., 21. iii.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Hiiufig im Urwald, von der Kiistenebene bis etwa 4000 f, aufwiirts, in Gesell-

schaft von Parus, Pericrocotus und Muscicapiden umherstreichend. Das Benehmen

ist vollig muscicapidenartig: sie “schniippen” ihre Beute im Flug von einem

exponierten Ast aus.

Verbreitung: Malakka, Lingga-Archipel, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali,

89. Graucalus javensis (Horsf.).

Hartert, p. 548.

3, Gunung Bratan, 4500 f., 21.1; ¢, Kubuabang, 3500 f,, 10. iii.; ¢, Tegal,

1500 f., 9. iv.

Iris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Nicht selten in kleinen Gesellschaften im Urwald bis etwa 4500 f,, mit Vorliebe

( 357 )

auch in den Schattenbiumen der Kaffeepflanzungen. Durch ihr lautes, papagei-

artiges Geschrei, das vornehmlich wihrend des raschen Fluges ausgestossen wird,

fallen diese Vogel sofort auf. Balinesisch : kodak-kodak.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.

90. Pericrocotus peregrinus (L.).

Hartert, p. 548.

3 u. ? juv., 26. ili. ; d u. 2 2 2, 27. iii—alle von Tjelukan Bawang.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Bei Tjelukan Bawang hiiufig in kleinen Trupps auf einzelstehenden Biumen

am Strande. Das junge Exemplar, dessen Steuerfedern noch im Wachstum begriften

sind, wurde am 26. ili. noch gefiittert.

Verbreitung: Ceylon, Vorderindien, Nordindien, Burma, Indo-China, Anda-

manen, Borneo, Java, Bali.

91. Pericrocotus flammeus exsul Wall.

Pericrocotus exsul, Hartert, p. 548.

6 ¢, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15.i.; ¢, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 19.i.;

2, Tjelakan Bawang, 26. iii.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Hiiufig im Urwald, aber in niederen Lagen spiirlicher als im Gebirge. Streicht

in kleinen lockeren Gesellschaften umher, meist in bunter Gemeinschaft mit Musci-

eapiden und Parus. Hin Pericrocotus-Trupp hat in seinem Wesen viel Abnlichkeit

mit einem Schwanzmeisenschwarm im deutschen Winter.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok.

*92. Lalage fimbriata fimbriata (Temm.).

3, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 17. i.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Anf Bali offenbar selten. Ich traf nur ein einziges Mal ein Paar auf einem

hohen Urwaldbaum an.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali. Auf Sumatra, Borneo und Malacca durch die nahe

verwandte L. f. culminata vertreten.

93. Lalage nigra timorensis (8S. Miill.).

Lalage timoriensis, Cat, B. vol. iv p. 95 ; Hartert, p. 548.

3, Buleleng, 23.i.; $, Buleleng, 10.ii.; 3, Tjelukan Bawang, 26.iii; 2,

Buleleng, 2. iv. ; d, Buleleng, 3. iv.

Tris dankelbraun, Fiisse grauschwarz oder schwarz, Schnabel schwarz.

- Nicht hiiufig in der Kulturzone, bis etwa 1500 f. aufsteigend. Den Lieblings-

anfenthalt dieser Art bilden freistehende Biiume zwischen Reisfeldern; ihr Betragen

hat gewisse Ahnlichkeit mit dem von Wiirgern.

Ob die Form anf den éstlich von Timor gelegenen Inseln durchschnittlich

gréssere Dimensionen erreicht, kann nur durch grosse Serien festgestellt werden.

( 358 )

Meyer und Wiglesworth haben diese Vermutnng in den Birds of Celebes, vol. ti

p. 429, ausgesprochen.

Fliigelliinge in mm. (do ad.):

Bali: 92, 93, 95, 95.

Lombok : 91°5, 92, 93.

Sumbawa: 93, 93, 93, 95, 99.

Sumba: 88, 92, 94, 95, 98.

Sava: 91.

Alor: 92°5.

Wetter: 94, 95-5, 98.

Timor: 92°5, 95, 98 [Meyer].

Djampea: 90.

Kalao : 90

Saleyer: 89.

Siid-Celebes : 90, 90, 90 [M], 92 [M], 92 [M], 93:5, 95 [M].

Binungko : 92, 95.

Kisser : 93°5, 95, 97, 100 [M].

Letti: 93:5, 97.

Moa: 94, 97, 98:5, 100°5.

Luang : 95, 97.

Sermatta: 94°5, 98.

Babber : 95.

Vergl. ferner Finsch, Not. Leyd. Mus, vol. xxii p. 201.

Lalage nigra (Forster 1781) muss fiir Lalage terat anct. eintreten, cf. Ober-

holser, Smiths. Misc. Coll. vol. 60, No. 7, p. 15 Anm.

94. Aegithina tiphia scapularis (Horsf.).

Hartert, p. 546.

3, Baleleng, 12.ii.; ¢¢, Lumbanan, 600 f., 13.ii.; %, Tjelukan Bawang,

25. iii.; ?, Buleleng, 5. iv.

Iris weissgrau oder weiss, Fiisse blaugran oder dunkelgrau, Oberschnabel

schwarz oder grauschwarz, Unterschnabel dunkelgrau mit schwarzer Spitze.

Hanfig in der Kiistenebene, besonders in der Niihe des Strandes ; im Gebiisch

oder in dichten Baumkronen lebend und mit Vorliebe in Fruchtgiirten sich auf-

haltend, Balinesisch : Kapotyjet.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.

95. Criniger gularis balicus subsp. n.

Criniger gqularis, Hartert, p. 546.

3, Gitgit, 2000 f., 2. ii. ; ¢, Buleleng, 5. iv.; sex ?, Gitgit, 1500 f., 20. iii.

Tris rotbraun, Fiisse hellbraun oder graubraun, Oberschnabel grauschwarz,

Unterschnabel hellgrau.

Die balinesische Form steht der javanischen sehr nahe, unterscheidet sich

aber durch briiunlichere Ohrdecken, helleren Ziigel und bedeutendere Durch-

schnittsgrésse.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Bali: 100, 102, 103, 106, 108, 110.

(359 )

West- und Mittel-Java : 91,93, 94, 95, 95, 96°5, 97, 98, 98.5, 101, 102, 102, 104.

Typus: 3, Gitgit (Bali), 2. ii, 1911, E. Stresemann coll. No. 222.

Vereinzelt in dichtem Gestriipp der Kulturzone, an den gleichen Localitiiten,

die Pycnonotus goiavier analis bevorzugt. Bei Gitgit stellten sich diese Vogel mit

Vorliebe auf einem Baum ein, dessen kleine Beerenfriichte sie frassen.

Verbreitung : Bali.

*96, Microtarsus melanocephalos melanocephalos (Gm.).

?, Tjelukan Bawang, 30. iii.

Tris dunkelblau, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Nur bei Tjelukan Bawang, nahe dem Strande, beobachtet ; hier vereinzelt im

dichtesten Dorngestriipp. Lockruf ein zartes piep piep wie derjenige junger Hiihner,

die nach Futter rufen.

Verbreitung : Ost-Bengalen, Burma, Tenasserim, Malakka, Borneo, Palawan,

Sumatra, Java, Bali.

*97. Pycnonotus bimaculatus tenggerensis (v. Oort).

Crocopsis bimaculatus tenggerensis van Oort, Not, Leyd. Mus. vol. xxxvi p. 46 (1911—Tengger-

Gebirge in Ostjava).

3, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 16.i.; ¢, Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 17.1.; 2, Danau

Bratan, 2500 f., 20.i.; 2, Kintamani, 4000 f., 22. ii.

Tris dunkelbrann, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Die Balivégel stimmen vollkommen mit 4 ostjavanischen des Tring-Museums

(vom Gunung Ardjuno und Tosari) iiberein und unterscheiden sich von 9 Exem-

plaren aus Westjava (vom Gunung Gedé und G. Guntur), durch weniger lebhaftes

Gelb der Ohrdecken, etwas weniger intensives Griin des Riickens und stumpfere

Tonung der gelbgriinen Aussensiiume an den Schwingen.

Anf Bali ist die Art hiiufig im Gebirge zwischen 2500 und 4000 f.; sie bevorzugt

Lichtungen im Urwald, Kaffeepflanzungen oder Dickichte in Wasserrissen, wie

sie sich an den sonst kahlen Hiingen des Ostgebirges finden.

Verbreitung : Ostjava, Bali.

98. Pycnonotus goiavier analis (Horsf.).

Pycnonotus analis, Hartert, p. 546.

3, Marga, 1000 f., 20. iii. ; du. juv., Buleleng, 6. iv.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Der gemeinste Vogel der Kulturzone, itberall dort in grosser Anzahl, wo sich

Gestriipp findet. Im waldarmen Ostgebirge steigt die Art bis 3000 f. empor und

kommt bei Batur (3000 f.) neben Pycnonotus bimaculatus tenggerensis vor, der ihn

im iibrigen vertikal vertritt. Die ersten belegten Nester fand ich kurz nach dem

Hinsetzen der Trockenperiode, am 5. Miirz. Sie werden nach Goldammerart in

Hecken und Dornbiischen angelegt und sind dort leicht zu finden.

(a) Tamblang, 5. iii., mit 2 Hiern ; ziemlich lose aus Zweigstiickchen, Ranken

und Fasern gebaut, mit miissig stark vertiefter Mulde. Am Nestrand sind Fetzen

einer Schlangenhaut und Reste von Puppenkokons befestigt. Héhe 60, Breite 100,

Napftiefe 45, Napfweite 60 mm.

(4) Tjelukan Bawang, 29. iii., mit 2 Hiern; sehr sorgfiltig aus diinnen

( 360 )

Zweigchen und hellbraunen Fasern, die vermutlich von einer Palmenart stammen,

gedreht. Héhe 50, Breite 110, Napftiefe 30, Napfweite 60 mm..

wie ) gebant. Hihe-50, Breite 120, Napftiefe 35, Napfweite 60 mm.

(d) Tjelukan Bawang, 25. iii, mit 2 Eiern; ziemlich fest und dicht aus

Zweigstiickchen und Ranken erbaut und mit Grasstielen ausgelegt. Héhe 65,

Breite 100, Napftiefe 35, Napfweite 60 mm.

Das Gelege scheint in der Regel aus 2 Hiern zu bestehen ; dieselben messen

in mm. :

(a) 28:5 x 172; 23°6 x 171.

(6) 23:6 x 16:9 ; 23°9 x 16°.

(dy) 257 x 162.

Die Hier sind yon weisser, schwach rétlich getinter Grundfarbe, mit zahlreichen

blassgrauen Schalenflecken versehen und iiber und iiber besit- mit dunkel briiun-

lichroten Pankten und Flecken, die nach dem stumpfen Pol zu dichter zu stehen

pflegen und sich dort bei.zwei Eiern zu einem Kranz anordnen, Bei dem Ei d

sind die Flecken blasser, feiner und fast gleichmiissig iiber das Hi verteilt.

Uber Nest und Hier dieser Art aus Java vergl. A. B. Meyer, Sitzwngsber. u.

Abh. Nat. Ges. Isis 1884 p. 45.

Verbreitung : Indo-China, Tenasserim, Malakka, Borneo, Bangka, Billiton,

Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok.

99. Pomatorhinus montanus montanus Horsf.

Pomatorhinus montanus, Hartert, p. 544.

3 Ex., Pik von Buleleng, 2500—3000f., 16. i.; %, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 20. i. ;

36, Gunung Bratan, 4500 f., 21.7.

Iris gelbweiss, Fiisse braunoliv oder grauoliv, Schnabel dunkelgelb, Basalhalfte

der Oberschnabelfirste schwiirzlich.

Sehr hiiufig im Urwald am Gunung Bratan, zwischen 2500. und 5000 f, zuweilen

in kleinen Gesellschaften auftretend, die ziinkisch und laut lirmend durchs

Unterholz sehliipfen. Der Ruf dieser Art ist sehr leicht kenntlich.

Verbreitung: Java, Bali.

nichste Verwandte diirften als Angehérige der gleichen Formengruppe anzusehen

sein.

Pliigelliinge in mm..:

Bali: 85, 85, 85°5, 90, 90, 93, 94, 96.

Ost-Jayva : 86, 87, 89, 94.

West-Java: 87, 88.

100. Turdinus sepiarius (Horsf.).

Hartert, p. 544.

6, Tjelukanbawang, 26. iii.

Iris dunkel rotbraun, Fiisse hellgrau, Oberschnabel grauschwarz, Unterschuabeb

hellgrau.

Ich traf diese Art vereinzelt im dichten Unterholz des Urwaldes der Kitsten-

P. borneensis sowie P. schisticeps und dessen-

( 361 )

ebene an, wo sie bei Hintritt der Abenddimmerung lant liirmend dicht iiber dem

Boden umherfliegt. Dohertys Exemplar stammt aus einer Hohe von 2000—3000 f.

Verbreitung: Bali, Java, Malakka (cf. Hartert, Vov. Zool. 1902 p, 563).

101. Cyanoderma melanothorax (Temm.).

Hartert, p. 544.

3, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 19.i1.; ?, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 27.1; ¢, Gitgit,

2000 f., 2. ii.

Tris dunkelbraun ; Fiisse gelblich grau, griin- oder grau-oliv ; Schnabel dunkel-

grau, Oberschnabel dunkler.

Nicht selten, meist zu mehreren, an lichten Stellen des Gebirgsurwaldes in

dichtem Buschwerk, das sie zaunkénigartig durchschliipfen. Der Ruf ist ein lautes

Schnurren.

Verbreitung: Java, Bali.

*102. Myiophoneus cyaneus (Horsf.).

$2, Batur, 3000 f., 1. iii.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.—Vollkommen mit einer Serie

aus Westjava iibereinstimmend. Fliigel: ¢ 145, $ 135 mm.

Auf Bali anscheinend selten. Ich beobachtete die Art nur ein einziges Mal in

einer Kaffeepflanzung.

Verbreitung: Java, Bali.

[103. Brachypteryx leucophrys (Temm.). |

Hartert, p. 544.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor (Hellmayr in litt.).

[104. Enicurus leschenaulti leschenaulti (Vieill.). |

Enicurus leschenaulti, Hartert, p. 544.

Ich beobachtete diese Art mehrmals bei Gitgit und einmal bei Tjelukanbawang

an rasch fliessenden Gebirgsbiichen. Der Ruf ist, dem Pfiff von Alcedo ispida

iihnlich und wird gleichfalls wiihrend des raschen Fluges ausgestossen, wobei der

Vogel niedrig itiber dem Wasser dahinschiesst. Man sieht die Art hiiufig bachstel-

zengleich auf grossen Blécken laufen, die aus dem Wasser hervorragen, dabei wie

Motacilla boarula mit dem langen Schwanz wippend ; doch hiilt sie sich zuweilen

auch im dichten Ufergebiisch auf.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali. In Sikkim, Bhutan, Burma und dem nérdlichen

Tenasserim durch Z. 2. indicus, in Borneo durch &. 1. borneensis vertreten.

*105. Megalurus palustris Horsf.

3, Kutadalem, 4500 f., 2. iii.; ¢, Tjelukanbawang, 31. ili.

Iris hellbraun resp. lebhaft braun ; Fiisse hellbraun resp. briiunlich fleisch-

farben; Oberschnabel braunschwarz, Unterschnabel dunkelgrau.—Fliigel 95,

98 mm.

- Binige Male beobachtete ich diese Art in offenem Geliinde in kleinen Trupps,

die yon Busch zu Busch zogen.

( 362 )

Verbreitung : Nord-Indien und Burma ; Java und Bali; Philippinen.—Conti-

nentale Stiicke scheinen sich durch einen in der Regel dunkel rétlichbraunen Ton der

Kopfplatte auszuzeichnen, die bei Exemplaren vom Archipel briiunlich sandfarben

zu sein pflegt. Doch findet man nicht selten auch das umgekehrte Verhalten.

*106. Cisticola exilis Vig. & Horsf.

2 36, Buleleng, 3. iv.

Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse blass fleischfarben, Oberschnabel dunkelbraun, Unter-

schnabel hell griiulich fleischfarben mit dankler Spitze.

Die Art kommt an den gleichen Localitiiten wie Cisticola cisticola fuscicapilla

vor; sie ist hiufig in den Reisfeldern der Kiistenebene und in den weiten Allang-

allang-Flichen des Ostgebirges, hier bis 5000 f. aufsteigend.

Es ist seit Oates (Birds Brit. Burma, vol. i, Mirz 1883, p. 117) bekannt, dass

wir bei Cisticola ewilis vier verschiedene Kleider zu unterscheiden haben : (1) das-

jenige des o zur Brutzeit mit einfarbigem hell rostbraunem Oberkopf und kurzem

Schwanz; (2) das Brutkleid des %, das sich von dem gleichzeitigen des &

hauptsiichlich durch die dunklen Federcentren des Oberkopfes und den etwas

lingeren und stirker gestuften Schwanz unterscheidet ; (3) das ausserhalb der

Brutzeit getragene sog. Winterkleid, in dem bei beiden Geschlechtern der Oberkopf

grau erscheint und der Schwanz eine um vieles betrichtlichere Linge besitzt ;

(4) das Jugendkleid mit gestreiftem Oberkopf und gelblicher, nicht weisslicher oder

rostlicher, Unterseite.

Wir kennen im Archipel keine zweite weitverbreitete Art, die durch ihr Kleid

so deutlich ihre Brutzeit verriete, und beim Vergleich der Stiicke, die im gleichen

Monat auf verschiedenen Inseln erlegt wurden, ergeben sich einige bemerkenswerte

Tatsachen.

a, Es befinden sich im vollen Bruthleid.

Victoria: 15. xii., 2; 15. i., d—Nord-Queensland : 30. xii., od.

New South Wales: 25. vi., d—Nord-Australien : 24.1.,¢; 9. u. 17. xii, 3d.

Brit. Neu-Guinea: 3. ix., d; 1. vii, d; 3. xii, 2; 30. xii, d; 31. xii, &.

Deutsch Neu-Guinea: 17. x., 25 23.1. 2.

Neu-Hannover: 11. ii., 3.

Goodenough-Insel : 11. xii., 3.

Burn: &., de8 Ot, os edutlne ners led silo <

Celebes : Indrulaman, x., ¢.

Kalidupa: 1., 2., 4.,9.1, 06.

Sermata: 18. vi., ? (stark abgenutzt).

Flores: xi.,2 dd.

Bali: 3.iv.,2 dd.

Lombok: vi., ? (stark abgenutzt),

Manilla: 5. iv., 3. Samar: 14. vi, 3.

vii., d.

Sulu-Archipel : 23., 30., 30. iv., dd.

Panay: 14. i, ?.——Luzon :

b. Es befinden sich im vollen “ Winterkleid.”

Brahmagherries (Indien): 11. u. 14, ii, ¢6¢———Bengalen : 10. ii., ?.

Timor: viii. (ganz frisch).

Leti: 2., 4, 8. xi; 17., 23., 23. 23. 24. xii,

( 363 )

Roma: 17., 31. vii.; 9., 11., 11., 14. 15. viii.

Babber: 13. viii. ; 4., 15. ix.

Moa: 28. xi.

Neupommern : vi., d.

Brit. Neu-Guinea: 14. vi, ?.

c. Es mausern aus dem Winterkleid ins Bruthleid.

Nord-Australien : 15. xi., d (Kleingefieder [K] vermansert, centrales Steuer-

federpaar soeben erneut, aber noch nicht ausgewachsen [mausert], die iibrigen

Steuerfedern [St.] sind noch die des Winterkleides ; 5. Handschwinge [von aussen]

mausert).

Brit. Neu-Guinea : 5. vii., ? (K. vermansert, St. noch nicht vermausert) ; 6. vii.,

? (K. verm., alle St. fehlen bis auf 4 alte); 11. vii., ? (K. verm., St. noch nicht),

Deutsch Neu-Guinea: 17. x., d (K. verm., drittes St-Paar von aussen

mausert).

Celebes : Dongala, viii.,d (K. verm., diusserstes St.-Paar und die beiden diussersten

Handschwingen [H.] mausern). Bonthain-Pik : viii., d (K. verm., centr. St.-Paar

in d. Blutkielen, ebenso das 6. H.-Paar.). Indrulaman : ix., d (K.u. St. verm. ;

1., 2. u. 3. H. mansern). Tawaya: ix., d (K. verm., centr. St.-Paar in den

Blatkielen).

Kalidupa: 4.1, ? (K. und St. verm., 2. H.-Paar mausert).

d. Hs mausern aus dem Brutkleid ins Winterhleid.

Timor: vii. (K. u. St. verm. ; die iiussersten H. mausern).

Nord-Australien : 21. v., ¢ (K. und St. verm.; die 2 diussersten H. mansern).

Buru: 25.11, 2 (K. noch im Brutkleid; centr. St.-Paar in d. Blutkielen der

Winterfedern).

Roma: 6. viii. (in vollem Winterkleid, nur die Federn des Oberkopfes im

Wechsel, die nachwachsenden mit schwarzen Centren) ; 25. viii. (in vollem Winter-

kleid, nur das Kehlgetieder und die 1. u. 2. H. noch mausernd).

e. Es befinden sich im ersten Jugendhleid.

Lombok, vi.; Buru, 11. und 26. ii.

f. Es befindet sich im Jugendhleid und mausert die Steuerfedern.

N.W. Australien : 17. iii. (3. St.-P. von aussen in den Blutkielen).

Zur Beurteilung der vorstehend verzeichneten Manserstadien sei bemerkt, dass

Cisticola exilis nach typischer Passerinenart die Stenerfedern centrifugal, die Hand-

schwingen descendent wechselt.

Diese Daten lassen, so spiirlich sie auch sind, doch schon einige Wahrschein-

lichkeitsschliisse auf die ungefiihre Ausdehnung der Brutzeit in verschiedenen

Gebieten zu :

Australien : November—Miirz.

Neu-Guinea und Bismarck-Archipel : etwa Juli oder August—Februar (vergl.

Dahl, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. i, Heft 3, p. 221; Heinroth, 7 O. 1903 p. 87).

Bura: Oktober—Februar oder Miirz.

Inseln zwischer Babber und Timor (inel.) : Jan. (?)—Juni.

Flores bis Bali: vielleicht November—J uni.

( 364 )

Philippinen und Sula-Archipel : Januar—Jnuii.

Celebes und Kalidupa : Oktober—(?)

[ Brit. Indien : Mai—November, ef. Oates, d.c., p. 117.]

*107. Cisticola cisticola fuscicapilla Wall.

3, Buleleng, 12. ii.

Iris hellbraun, Fiisse hell gelbbraun, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel

hellbraun.—Brutkleid.

Verbreitung : Inselkette von Bali und Kangean bis Moa; Celebes, Peling;

Java (?)

108. Orthotomus sepium sepium Horsf.

Orthotomus sepium, Hartert, p. 545,

?, Buleleng, 11. ii.

Iris und Fiisse hell braungelb, Oberschnabel braun, Unterschnabel gelblich.

Haufig im Gestriipp der Kulturzone, bis etwa 2000 f. aufsteigend.

Verbreitung: Java, Madura, Bali, Lombok. Auf Sumatra, Borneo und Malacca

durch die nahestehende Form Orthotomus sepium cineraceus Blyth vertreten.

“109. Phyllergates cucullatus cucullatus (Temm.).

Nov. Zool. vo). xix p. 341.

? (?), Danau Bratan, 2500 f, 18. i.

Nicht selten im Gebiet des Gunung Bratan zwischen’ 2500 und 6500 f.,

paarweis in dichtem Gestriipp oder zwischen den verworrenen abgestorbenen Asten

und Zweigen gestiirzter Urwaldriesen lebend. Die Art, einer der besten und

auffiilligsten Siinger der Gebirgsregion, sang auf Bali ganz die gleiche Strophe wie

im Gebirge von Perak. Der Warnruf besteht in einem lauten, raschen, zaunkénig-

artigen Schnurren.

Verbreitung: Malakka, Sumatra, Borneo, Luzon, Java, Bali.

110. Prinia familiaris Horsf.

Hartert, p. 545.

1 Ex., Buleleng, 11. ii.; ¢, Buleleng, 12. ii.; 1 Ex., Buleleng, 26. iii.; 3,

Tjelukanbawang, 27. iii.; ?%, Buleleng, 3. iv.

Iris rotbraun (ad.) oder hellbraun (juv.), Fiisse blass fleischfarben, Schnabel

schwarz, bei juv. der Unterschnabel hell gelbbraun. Gemein in Buschdik-

kichten der Kiistenzone. Schéner lauter Gesang. Der Schwanz wird hiinfig steil

aufgerichtet und ficherformig ausgebreitet, wie bei Troglodytes.

Am 25. und 29. iii. fand ich 2 Nester bei Tjelukanbawang. Sie waren in dichtem

Gestriiuch verborgen und besitzen die folgende Gestalt :

Nest a sehr tief sackfirmig, Mulde 83 mm. tief und 45 mm. breit, oben offen,

aber durch ein breites Blatt iiberdacht ; Wand diinn, sehr sorgfiltig aus Grasrispen

und. wenigen feinen Wiirzelchen verflochten. Das Nest hiingt in einem grosslaubigen

Zweig, dessen Blitter rings an die Nestwand “angeniiht” sind, dasselbe haltend

und vollig verbergend.

Nest 4 aus den gleichen Materialien geflochten wie das vorige, aber aussen

nT ete, 2.

( 365 )

nicht mit Blittern verniht. Gestalt die eines miissig tiefen Beutels mit seitlichem

Eingang.

Gelege a: 3 Hier. Dimensionen: 177x126; 17°3x127; 171x125 mm.

Gelege 6: 2 Hier. Dimensionen: 184x124; 17-7 x12°8 mm.

Die Hier sind sehr diinnwandig, besitzen einen matten Glanz und sind von zarter,

sehr hell blauer Farbe, ohne Fleckung.

Uber Nester und Hier dieser Art vergl. ferner Bernstein, .f O. 1859 p. 263.

Verbreitung : Bali, Java, Sumatra (?).

*111. Horeites montana (Horsf.).

4, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 19. i.

Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse hell gelbbrann, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel

gelbrot. Das Exemplar zeigt véllize Ubereinstimmung mit Stiicken von Java

(Gunung Ardjuno, 7500—10,000 f., und Tosari, 6000 f.; ef. Hartert, Nov. Zool.

vol. iii p. 538) und Lombok. Auf letztgenannter Insel wurden 2 Stiick durch

Doherty in 4000—6000 f. Hihe gesammelt, die in Harterts Liste in Nov. Zool.

vol. iii pp. 555-65 nicht enthalten sind.

Nicht selten im Gebiet des Gunung Bratan zwischen 2500 und 4000 f, im

Gebiisch an Lichtungen, besonders im Bambusgestriipp. Der Vogel trigt mit

heller lanter Stimme, die ganz an die eines Phylloscopus erinnert, sehr exact die

Strophe von Fringilla coelebs vor. Solitiir lebend.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok.

112. Copsychus saularis amoenus Horsf.

Cat. B. vol. vii p. 66 ; Hartert, p. 544. ;

+g, 12.1; do, 13.i.; 2, 11.iv—alle von Buleleng.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Die Balivégel sind, wie Hartert bereits erwiihnt hat, typische amoenus mit

vollkommen blaumetallischer (¢) resp. dunkelaschgraner (?) Unterseite, nur die

hintersten Flankenfedern und die Unterschwanzdecken weisen teilweise weisse

Spitzen anf. Ich habe auf Bali kein einziges Exemplar mit weissem Bauch

gesehen.

Hin hiufiger Vogel, vorzugsweise in den Ortschaften und in Fruchtgiirten. Bis

etwa 2000 f. aufsteigend. Balinesisch : tulung-tulung.

Verbreitung : Borneo, Ost-Java, Balii—Die dunkelbiinchige Form ist anf Java

offenbar auf den Osten beschrinkt, wiihrend C. s. musicus itber die ganze Insel

verbreitet zu sein scheint, da Bartels (Nat. Vijdschr. Ned, Ind. yol. 51 p. 153) sie

auch fiir Soerabaja angibt. Bastarde beider oder Ubergangsstadien sind auf Java

und Borneo anscheinend hinfig.

[113. Geocichla citrina rubecula Gould. |

Geocichla rubecula, Hartert, p. 543.

Verbreitung: Java, Bali.

{Turdus sp. ?. |

Hine Drossel mit dunkelbrauner Oberseite und hellerer, offenbar dunkel

gefleckter Unterseite beobachtete ich mehrfach im Gebirgswald am Gunung

Bratan zwischen 3000 und 6500 f. ; besonders hiinfig war sie in den Rhododen-

( 366 )

dronbiischen auf dem Gipfel des genannten Berges, doch vermochte ich zwei erlegte

Stiicke im Pflanzengewirr des Steilhanges nicht zu finden. Vielleicht handelt es

sich um Turdus varius horsfieldi (Bp.), der von Java und Lombok bekannt ist.

114. Artamus leucorhynchus (L.) subsp.

Artamus leucogaster, Cat, B, vol. xiii p. 7; Hartert, p. 547.

Nov. Zool. vol, xx. p. 291,

?, Buleleng, 12.i.; 2, Buleleng, 15. i.

Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse dunkelgrau, Schnabel blaugrau.

Sehr hiiufig in der Kulturzone bis etwa 2500 f.

115. Parus major cinereus Vieill.

Parus atriceps, Hartert, p. 545.

3, Pik von Buleleng, 15.i.; d 2, Ganung Bratan, 4000 f., 30.1. :

Tris dunkelbrann, Fiisse graublau oder hellgrau, Schnabel schwarz.

Hiinfig in den Kronen der Urwaldbiiume, von der Kiistenzone bis 6500 f.

Viele Stimmiiusserungen dieser Form gleichen vollkommen denjenigen von Parus

major major.

Verbreitung : Himalaya yon Simla bis Bhutan, Assam, Burma, Tenasserim,

Malacca, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor, Sumba.

*116. Zosterops palpebrosa neglecta Seeb.

Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 346.

?, Gunung Bratan, 6500 f., 26.i.; d, Gunung Bratan, 6500 f., 28.1; ¢, Batur,

3500 f., 24. ii1.; 2, Kintamani, 4000 f., 25.i1. ; 1 Ex., Gunung Batur, 3500 f., 26. 11.

Iris weiss oder weissgrau, Fiisse dunkelgrau oder schwarzgrau, Oberschnabel

schwarz, Unterschnabel hellgrau mit schwarzer Spitze.

Charaktervogel der Kasuarinenwaldungen (Casuarina montana Leschen.); als

solcher gemein im Vulkangebirge des Ostens bei Kintamani und am Gunung Batur,

yon etwa 3500 f. an aufwiirts, in grossen Fliigen zwitschernd von Baumkrone zu

Baumkrone ziehend ; im Centralgebirge traf ich ihn nur auf dem mit Kasuarinen

gekronten Gipfel des Gunung Bratan, bei 6500 f.

Verbreitung : Gebirge von Ost-Java, Bali, Lombok und Flores, oberhalb 3000 f.

117. Oreosterops javanica elongata subsp. n.

Zosterops fallax, Hartert, p. 546.

3, Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 17.4; 2¢¢, 2 2%, Gunung Bratan, 4000 und

6500 f., 20., 27., 28. und 30, 1.

Tris lebhaft braun oder dunkel rotbraun, Fiisse grauoliv, Schnabel schwarz.

In der Fiirbung stimmen die Balivégel vollkommen mit O. 7. frontalis (Rehb.)

iiberein ; sie unterscheiden sich jedoch durch auffallend liingere Schniibel.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

West-Java: 60, 60°5, 62, 62, 62°5, 68, 63.

Bali; 62, 62, 62:5, 64, 64, 66.

( 367 )

Schnabelliinge in mm. (vom Beginn der Stirnbefiederung an mit dem Zirkel

gemessen) :

West-Java: 10:2, 10°3, 10°5, 10°5, 10:8, 10:8, 10°8, 11-0.

Bali; 11°5, 12-0, 12-0, 12-0, 120, 12:0, 12-2, 12:8.

Typus: 3, Gunung Bratan (Bali), 4000 f, 27. 1.1911, E. Stresemann coll.

No. 211.

Ich méchte “ Zosterops javanica” und “ Zosterops frontalis” als geographische

Varianten einer Art ansprechen, obwohl sie auf einigen Bergen West-Javas neben-

einander vorkommen ; es ist indessen die letztere Form offenbar ganz auf den

Westen beschrankt, wihrend die erstere im Gebirge der Osthiilfte hiiufig ist, im

Westen dagegen nur vereinzelt anfzntreten scheint—was dafiir sprechen diirfte, dass

sie erst neuerdings in das Gebiet von /rontalis eingewandert ist. Will man sie

jedoch spezifisch trennen (cf. van Oort, Not. Leyd. Mus. vol. 34 p. 48), so muss dies

folgerichtig auch mit “ Copsychus musicus” und “ Copsychus amoenus” geschehen,

da sie im Osten Javas nebeneinander leben (vide antea).

Die Art ist auf Bali ein sehr hiiufiger Gebirgsvogel von 3000 f. an aufwiirts.

Sie halt sich, im Gegensatz zu den Arten des Genus Zosterops s. s., die ich

za beobachten Gelegenheit hatte (7. neglecta, stalheri, foghaénsis, buruensis,

obstinata), mit Vorliebe in dichtem Buschwerk auf, das sie unter trigen Spriingen

dorchsucht. Ihre Stimmiiusserangen sind ziemlich mannigfach: der Gesang

erinnert entfernt an den von Acanthis carduelis, der Lockruf ist ein finkenartiges

pink, im Flug lisst sie einen klirrenden Ruf héren. Im Kropf fand ich Reste

von Kérnernahrung.

Verbreitung : Bali.

*118. Dicaeum minullum sollicitans Hart.

2464 (mit stark entwickelten Hoden), Gitgit, 2000 f., 13. ii.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Die beiden Stiicke stimmen mit dem Typus und einem zweiten Exemplar des:

Tring-Museums von West-Java ziemlich gut iiberein, unterscheiden sich aber

dadurch, dass die Ziigelgegend nicht gelblich weiss gefiirbt ist, sondern beim

einen Exemplar triib grauweiss, beim anderen hell oliv und kaum von der Firbung

des Oberkopfes verschieden. Doch zeigen sich nach van Oort (Not. Leyd. Mus.

vol. 34 p. 50) auch Javaner hierin variabel. Fliigel 42°5 und 46°5 mm.

Ich fand diese Art nur bei Gitgit in Fruchtgirten. Hin drittes Exemplar, das

ich schoss, war fiir eine Conservierung zu stark beschiidigt.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.

*119. Dicaeum sanguinolentum Temm.

3, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 29.1.; 3, Gitgit, 2000 f., 18.ii.; 3, Gunung Bratan,

4000 f., 21.iii.; 2, Tegal, 1500 f., 4. iii.

Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse und Schnabel schwarz.—Ganz mit Uxemplaren aus

Java iibereinstimmend.

Sehr hiufig im Gebirge zwischen 2500 und 4500 f., seltener tiefer hinab-

steigend. Mit Vorliebe besuchen diese Vogel eine parasitiire Pflanze, die kleine

runde Biischel von mistelartigem Aussehen in den Asten yverschiedener Biiume,

besonders in denen yon Casuarina montana, bildet.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Flores (cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. iv p. 518),

( 368 )

120. Dicaeum flammeum (Sparrm.).

Hartert, p. 545.

6%, Gitgit, 2000 f., 2. 11.; &, Buleleng, 12. i1.; ¢, Gitgit, 2000 f., 13. ii. ;

3, Tjelukan Bawang, 27. iii. oe ‘Buleleng, 4. iv.

Tris dankelbrasn, Fiisse schwarz, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel hell-

grau mit schwarzer Spitze. :

Vertritt Dicaeum sanguinolentum in der niederen Zone, bis etwa 2500 f

aufwiirts, und ist hier eine sehr hiiufige Erscheinung, zumal in Fruchtgirten.

Verbreitung: Java, Madura, Kangean, Bali.

Fliigellinge in mm. (dd ad.) :

Java: 52:5, 53, 53:5, 54, 54, 54.

Kangean : 51°5, 52°5

Bali : 53°5, 53°5, 54, 54, 54:5, 54:5, 55°5, 56:5.

(121. Dicaeum trigonostigma trigonostigma (Scop.).]

Dicaeum trigonostigma, Hartert, p. 545,

Doherty sammelte ein ¢ zwischen 2000 und 3000 f.

Verbreitung: Cochinchina, Burma, Malakka, Lingga, Bunguran, Borneo,

Sumatra, Java, Bali.

122. Cinnyris ornata ornata Less.

Cinnyris pectoralis, Hartert, p. 545.

$2, Buleleng, 12.i1.; ¢, Buleleng, 12.ii.; ¢ ¢, Tjelukanbawang, 25. iii.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Gemein in der Kulturregion, vor allem in Fruchtgiirten und anf bliihenden

Biischen. Man sieht die Art meist paarweis. Ein ¢ vom 12. ii. hatte stark

entwickelte Hoden. :

Verbreitung: Malakka, Lingga, Natuna, Borneo, Sulu-Archipel (1 2, coll.

Guillemard, im Tring-Museum), Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa,

Flores.

Anm. Der Name Cinnyris pectoralis (Horsf.) ist durch C. pectoralis Vieillot

1819 priioccupiert ; cf. Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll. vol. 60, No. 7, p. 18 Anm.

123. Arachnothera affinis affinis (Horsf.).

Arachnothera affinis, Hartert, p. 545.

3, Danan Bratan, 2500f., 20.i.; %?, Gunung Bratan, 4500 f, 20.i.; 3, Pik

von Buleleng, 2500 f., 21. i.

Tris lebhaft braun, Fiisse hellbraun oder dunkel braunrot, Oberschnabel schwarz,

Unterschnabel schwiirzlich rot.

Nicht selten im Gebirgsurwald am Gunung Bratan.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.

124. Anthreptes malacensis malacensis (Scop.).

Anthreptes malaccensis, Hartert, p. 545,

3, Lumbanan, 600 f., 2. ii.; 2, Buleleng, 12. ii.; 3, Tjelukan Bawang, 31. iii.

Iris rotbraun, Fiisse grauolivy oder schwarzgran, Ober schnabel schwarz, Unter-

schnabel dunkelbraun,

PM BOO Sete. .

( 369 )

In Kokospflanzungen nicht selten, wo dieser Vogel die Bliitenstiinde der

Palmen besucht.

Verbreitung : Cochinchina, Siam, Tenasserim, Malakka, Lingga- und Natuna-

Archipel, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Bali.

Fliigellinge in mm. (dd ad.):

Malakka : 62°5, 63, 64°5, 66, 66, 66, 69.

Singapore: 67.

Banguran : 67, 68, 69, 70.

Sirhassen : 68, 68°5, 69-5, 71.

Lingga : 67°8, 70.

Borneo: 66, 67:5, 68, 68, 68.

Labnan : 67.

Java: 64, 65, 66°5, 66°5, 66°5, 67, 67, 68.

Kangean : 64, 65, 66, 66, 66, 67, 67, 69, 69.

Bali: 67, 67-8, 68.

Die Vogel yon Palawan, woher sich jetzt eine schéne Serie im Tring-Museum

befindet, scheinen mir weder zu A. m. chlorigaster zu gehoren, wohin sie Hartert

in Nov. Zool. vol. ix p. 209 stellt, noch zu A. m. malacensis, wie McGregor im

Manual of the Philippine Birds, p. 659, annimmt. Die ¢¢ yon dort sind

unterseits entschieden gelblicher, weniger griinlich als chlorigaster und wiglesworthi,

doch nicht so lebhaft gelb wie malacensis; die Fiirbung der Ohrdecken ist in der

Regel griinlich wie bei malacensis und chlorigaster, nicht rétlich wie bei rhodolaema

und wiglesworthi. Von wiglesworthi unterscheiden sie ferner die griinlich oliyfar-

benen, nicht rétlich olivbrannen Aussensiiume der Schwingen, die auch griiulicher,

weniger briunlich sind als bei chlorigaster.

Die ?$ yon Palawan sind unterseits gelblicher als die von chlorigaster und

wiglesworthi und haben griinliche, nicht briiunlich olivfarbene Aussensiiume an den

Schwingen.

Hin ¢ von Cagayan Salu (Guillemard coll. 3. iv. 13883, im Tring-Museum)

stimmt véllig mit den Palawanvégeln iiberein ; letztere diirften daher zur Form

Anthreptes malacensis cagayanensis Mearns

zu rechnen sein, deren Diagnose ich ganz bestiitigt finde bis auf die Angabe,

dass die Kopfseiten rétlicher sein sollen als bei wiglesworthi, was wohl auf einen

Schreibfehler zuriickzufiihren ist. 3 Exemplare von Sibutu (1 ¢, 2 22) stimmen

gleichfalls mit der Palawanserie, nicht mit wiglesworth?, iiberein.

Pliigelliinge in mm. (do ad.) :

Palawan: 65, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66-5, 69:5, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67°5, 67°5, 67°,

68, 70.

Cagayan Sulu: 69.

Sibutu: 69.

125. Stigmatops indistincta limbata (S. Miill.).

Ptilotis limbata, Cat, B. vol. ix p. 237—Nov, Zool. vol. xix p, 344.

?, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 21.i.; 2 dd, G. Bratan, 4000 f., 30. 1.; 7, Gunung

Batur, 3500 f., 27. ii.

Iris hellgrau, innere Zone hellbraun; Iiisse blaugrau oder schiefergrau; Schnabel

schwarz,

( 370)

Dieser Meliphagide scheint auf Bali an die héheren Gebirgsregionen gebunden

zu sein. Im Gebirgswald am G. Bratan oberhalb 4000 f. war er nicht selten, und

auf den mit niederem Buschwerk bestandenen Plateaus und Hiingen des Ostgebirges

oberhalb 3000 f. stellenweise recht hiufig. Hier besuchte er mit Vorliebe die

Bliiten eines Rubus-iihnlichen Strauches. Hin sehr ziinkischer Vogel, wie die

meisten Vertreter der Familie; sein Gesang, den er hiiufig héren liisst, ist sehr

laut und drosselartig.

Verbreitung : Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor, Sumba, Sayu, Timor.—

Die Form scheint nach Westen zu an Griésse zuzunehmen :

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Bali: 3 73, 73, 74. 2 65.

Lombok: 6 72°5, 75, 76, 76. ? se 68:5.

Sumbawa: 6 71°5, 72, 72:5, 73, 78, 73, 73°5, 74:5, 76. ? 62, 64, 65.

Alor: 3 73. g 64.

Sumba:° do 70, 70, 72, 72, 72. 2 62.

Savu: 36 68, 70. 2 62, 64.

126. Mirafra javanica javanica Horsf.

Mirafra javanica, Hartert, p. 546.

2 Ex., Bubunan, 31. iii. ; ¢, Buleleng, 3. iv.

Iris yaa Fiisse pranlich aercienieny Oberschnabel braunschwarz, Unter-

schnabel gelblich fleischfarben.—Mit Javastiicken gut iibereinstimmend, und

besonders auf der Unterseite brijunlicher als J. 7. parca.

Hiiufig auf brachliezenden Reisfeldern, hier zuweilen scharenweis vereinigt.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Borneo (°).

*127. Motacilla boarula melanope Pall.

3, Gitgit, 2000 f., 18. ii.

Ich beobachtete ausser diesem Stiick noch zwei weitere, an einem Waldbach

am Fusse des G. Batur in 3500 f. Hohe, Ende Februar. Die Art scheint in ihren

Winterquartieren mit Vorliebe Gebirgsgegenden aufzusuchen ; auch in den Moluk-

ken fand ich sie stets einzeln oder paarweis an rasch fliessenden Bergbiichen.

Wintergast.

128. Motacilla flava L. subsp.

Motacilla fava, Hartert, p. 546.

2 juv., 10. und 11. ii; ¢%, 10. iv.—alle von Buleleng.

Die beiden in Betracht kommenden Formen J. /. tatvanus Swink. und siméllima

Hart. (cf. Hartert, Vég. pal, Fauna p. 288) scheinen sich im Winterkleid nicht mit

Sicherheit unterscheiden zu lassen. Die am 10, iv. erlegten Exemplare, alte

Vogel im letzten Stadium der Kleingefiedermauser, weichen in der Fiirbung des

Oberkopfes von einander ab: bei dem ¢ ist derselbe dunkel oliv, beim: ? dunkel

aschgrau mit schmalen olivgriinen Federsiiumen; der Superciliarstreif ist bei beiden

weiss. Fliigel: ¢ 78, 2 73 mm.—Die beiden im Februar gesammelten Jungvégel

tragen ein sehr stark abgenutztes Gefieder und mausern noch nicht. Fliigel 79 und

82 mm.

Wiihrend der vier Beobachtungsmonate in grossen Scharen auf unbestellten

Reisfeldern der Kiistenregion,

Wintergast.

( 371 )

*129. Anthus richardi albidus Stres.

Nov. Zool. vol. xix p, 316.

3 3, Kintamani, 4000 f., 25. ii.

Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse ockergelb, Oberschnabel schwarzbraun, Unterschnabel

ockergelb mit schwarzer Spitze.

Sehr hiiufig auf den mit kurzem Gras bestandenen Berghingen bei Kintamani,

wo man die Végel meist paarweis sieht. Die Art erinnert im ihrem Wesen und

in ihrer Stimme weit mehr an eine Lerche als an einen unserer mitteleuropiiischen

Pieper.

Verbreitung : Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba.

*130. Passer montanus malaccensis Dubois.

2, Buleleng, 9. ii.

In Not. Leyd. Mus. vol xxxii p. 165 vereinigt van Oort alle ostasiatischen

Feldsperlinge und diejenigen vom malayischen Archipel unter dem Namen P. m.

saturatus Stejn. Unter dem mir vorliegenden Material erscheinen indessen die

indischen und malayischen Stiicke entschieden rétlicher, besonders am Biirzel, als

solche yon Japan und den Liu-Kin-Inseln, und ich halte daher die yon Hartert

in Vog. pal. Faun. p. 161 angenommene Abtrennung der ersteren fiir durchaus

begriindet.

Den Sperling trifft man anf Bali in allen grésseren Ortschaften der Nord- wie

der Siid-kiiste ; sein Nest legt er unter Hausdiichern an. Balinesisch : petinga.

Verbreitung: Vorderindien bis zum Himalaya, Ceylon, Burma, Tenasserim,

Malakka, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Makassar, Ambon (in letztgenannter Stadt fand ich

ihn hiiufig). Die Philippinenstiicke gehéren vielleicht zu P. m. saturatus.

*131. Amandava amandava (L.).

3, Kntadalem, 4500 f., 2. iii.; ¢ 2, Kutadalem, 10. iii.

Tris rot, Fiisse gelbbraun, Schnabel rot.

Grosse Schwiirme dieses priichtig gefiirbten Végelchens traf ich auf dem mit

knrzem Gras bestandenen Kamm des Ostgebirges ; sonst habe ich es niemals auf

der Insel beobachtet.

Verbreitung : Vorder-Indien, Assam, Cochinchina, Siam, Hainan ; Java, Bali.

Ich yermag keinerlei konstante Unterschiede zwischen geographisch weit getrenn-

ten Stiicken zu entdecken.

Za Amandava Blyth 1836 fiir Sporaeginthus Cab. 1850 ef. Richmond, Proc.

U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. xxxv p. 588.

132. Munia leucogastra leucogastroides Horsf. & Moore.

Uroloncha leucogastroides, Hartert, p. 546.

6, Gitgit, 2000 f., 13. ii.; ¢%, Buleleng, 26.iii.; ?%, Buleleng, 4. iv.

Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse schwarzgrau, Oberschnabel dunkelgrau, Unterschnabel

hellgran.

Gemein in der Kulturregion, bis 4000 f. aufsteigend, Belegte Nester fand ich

bei Tjelnkan Bawang am 27. und 29, Miirz, je 3 und 5 Wier enthaltend. Sie waren

in den Kronen mittelhoher, freistehender Biiume angelegt; das eine von ihnen ist

telativ sehr schwer, ein grosser dichtgefiigter Haufen aus reifen Reisiihren und

(372 )

wollhaarigen Griisern, in den ein kleines Hinflugsloch schriig hinabfiihrt; das

andere ist sehr lose aus Grashalmen und breiten Bambusbliittern gefertigt ; sein

Einflugsloch befindet sich gleichfalls etwas seitlich. Dimensionen: Hohe 200,

Breite 180, resp.: Hohe 230, Breite 100 mm.

2 Hier messen: 14°77 x 11:0 und 14°6 x 11-0 mm.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok.—Auf Sumatra, Borneo und Malakka durch

M. 1. leucogastra vertreten.

133. Munia punctulata nisoria (Temm.).

Cat. B. vol. xiii p. 353 ; Nov. Zool, vol. xix p. 317.

3, Gunung Batur, 3500 f., 27. 1i.; ¢, Den Pasar, 17. iii ; 2, Bulelung, 2. iv.

Iris braun oder rotbraun, Fiisse hellgrau oder dunkel aschgrau, Oberschnabel

schwarzgran, Unterschnabel hellgrau.

Hiiufig in der Kulturzone; einen sehr grossen Schwarm traf ich zu meiner

Uberraschung im Kasuarinenwald am Gunung Batur. Am 2. April fand ich in der

dichten Krone eines mittelhohen Alleebaumes bei Buleleng ein Nest: es ist ein

ziemlich locker gefiigter, umfangreicher Grashaufen mit unordentlicher, nicht sehr

tiefer, oben offener Mulde und enthielt 6 reinweisse Hier.

Dimensionen in mm.: 15:8 x 10°8; 15:7 x 10'7; 15°2 x 10°7; 16:7 x 112;

16:0 x 11:2.

Verbreitung: Malakka, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok,

134, Munia maja (L.).

Hartert, p, 546.

3, Kuta dalem, 4500 f., 10. iii.

Mehrere Exemplare auf den Grashiingen des Ostgebirges unter Schwiirmen von

Amandava amandava gesehen. Balinesisch : bondol.

Verbreitung: Malakka, Sumatra, Java, Bali.

*135. Munia ferruginosa (Sparrm.).

3, Buleleng, 4. iv.

Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse blaugran, Schnabel hellgrau.

Anscheinend nicht selten in den Reisfeldern,

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.

136. Munia oryzivora (L.).

Hartert, p. 546,

6, Buleleng, 11. ii.

Iris braunrot, Fiisse blassrosa, Schnabel blassrot, Spitze des Oberschnabels

hellviolett.

Sehr gemein in der Kulturregion bis etwa 2000 f., oft in Schwiirmen yon

mehreren Hunderten beisammen. Auch im parkartigen lichten Urwald der

Kiistenregion West-Balis hiiufig. Der Reisfink briitet in Buleleng in Hiiusern ;

das Nest wird nach Spatzenart auf Balken unter dem Dach angelegt und besteht in

einem liederlichen Heuhanfen, Hines yon ihnen enthielt am 3. April zwei Hier; sie

sind reinweiss und messen; 18°5 x 13°1; 18°5 x 13:3 mm.

Spontane Verbreitung: Lombok, Bali, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippinen,

Malakka, Tenasserim (?),

ecisuntaas ERT ee

( 873 )

137. Ploceus manyar manyar (Horsf.).

Ploceus manyar, Hartert, p. 546.

Nov, Zool. vol, xix p. 319.

2%2,16, Tjelukan Bawang, 25. iii.; o, Tjelukan Bawang, 26. ii.; 2,

Buleleng, 2. iv.; 2 dd, Buleleng, 3. iv.

Tris braun, Fiisse blass fleischfarben oder briiunlich fleischfarben ; Oberschnabel

Lriunlich schwarz (¢) oder dunkelbrann ( ?), Untersehnabel heller.

Hiinfig an der Nordkiiste in fenchten Gegenden mit grossen Grasflichen und

niederem Buschwerk. In der Zeit zwischen dem 26. iii. und 5. iv. sammelte ich 8

belegte Nester, welche 3-5 Hier enthielten. In einem weiteren Nest befanden sich

am 26. iii. bereits fliigge Junge.

Auf die Nester passt die ansfiihrliche Beschreibung vollkommen, welche

Bernstein in J. /. O. 1861 p. 177 von denjenigen des Ploceus philippinus atrigula

(sub nom. Ploceus baya) gegeben hat, nicht aber die von denen seines “ Ploceus

hypoxanthus,” der mit Ploceella javanensis und nicht mit Ploceus manyar ident ist.

Hine erneute Beschreibung eriibrigt sich; das Liingenmass (vom Anheftungspunkt

bis zum Nestboden) schwankt zwischen 250 und 140, die Nestbreite (ohne Gang)

zwischen 100 und 110 mm.

Die Nester werden gewohnlich kolonieweis angelegt, mit Vorliebe in Phrag-

mitis (?)-Bestiinden, wie sie an nassen Stellen grosser Rodungen im Kiistenbezirk

hiinfig sind. In die Spitzen der etwa 3 m. hoch aufragenden Halme wird das Nest

dergestalt verwoben, dass es von mehreren gleichzeitig getragen wird. Zuweilen

findet man es auch an den Zweigen eines Busches hingend,

Masse der Hier (in mm.) :

(a) 21:2 x 14:6; 26°2 x 14:0.

(0) 22°3 x 15-0 (von irreguliirer Gestalt).

(d) 21-4 x 151; 225 x 15°23 206 x 15°3.

(ec) 20-4 x 142.

(22-0 x 144 ; 23:0 x 15°35 21-1 x 147; 22:7 x 15°15 21:8 x 1

4:8

()rel'6 x 15:0; 21:1 x 14:5 5 21°) x 15:1; 20°7 x 15:2; 20:2 x 13'6.

(h) 21-0 x 14-7,

Die Hier sind reinweiss, ohne Flecken, und nahezu glanzlos (vergl. Hume-

Oates, Nests and Eggs Ind. Birds ii p. 124).

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.

[138. Dicrurus hottentottus bimaénsis Wall.]

Chibia bimaénsis, Hartert, p. 547.

Verbreitung: Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Pantar, Alor, Sumba.

Die Formen, die Sharpe im Cat. B. unter dem Genusnamen CArdbia vereinigt,

stehen einander alle sehr nahe, sind durch Zwischenglieder mehr oder weniger eng

verkniipft und vertreten sich geographisch. Sie bilden eine “ Realgattung ” im

Sinne Kleinschmidts, die yon Indien bis nach Australien verbreitet ist.

139. Dicrurus cineraceus cineraceus (Horsf.)

Dicrurus cineraceus, Hartert, p. 547,

3, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15. i.; 2 38, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 17. i. ;

%, Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 18. i.

( $74)

Iris brannrot oder hell rotbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz. Fliigel : 124

(jav.), 129, 129, 129 mm.

Gemein im Gebirgswald zwischen 2500 und 5000 f.; seltener im Urwald der

Tiefebene.

Verbreitung: Java, Balii—Vergl. Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. iii p. 560 und

vol. xvii p. 249.

140. Dicrurus ater longus Bp.

Dicrwrus longus (?), Hartert, p. 547.

9, 11.ii.; 2, iii.; %, 6.iv.—alle von Buleleng.

Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Diese Form stimmt in den Fliigelmassen mit D. a. minor Blyth, von Ceylon,

iiberein, unterscheidet sich jedoch durch die bedentendere Liinge des Schwanzes,

insbesondere der iiusseren Steuerfedern.

Bali: .%, Fliigel 134 Aussere Steuerfedern 151 mm,

” ?, ” 133 ” or) 148 ”

TE Coheed 128 3 Be 159 ,,

Ceylon: 25 35 134 F 5 142 ,,

” 3; 130 » ” 140,

adie cee akOp 3 * 1386 oe

Nicht selten in den Reisfeldern, wo die Végel nach Wiirgerart auf einzelste-

henden Pfihlen.zu ruhen pflegen, oder auf Viehweiden, wo ich sie dfters anf dem

Riicken grasender Wasserbiiffel sitzen sah. Seltener im Urwald, hier bis 4000 f.

aufsteigend. Balinesisch: pedji-pedji.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali.

141. Oriolus maculatus maculatus Vieill.

Oriolus maculatus, Cat. B. vol. iii p. 200; Hartert, p. 547.

3, Buleleng, 9. iti.

Tris rotbraun, Fiisse helleran, Schnabel blassrosa.

Sehr hiinfig in den Pflanzungen und am Rande des Urwaldes, bis etwa 3500 f.

aufsteigend. Der Pfiff ihnelt dem von Oriolus oriolus.

Verbreitung : Sumatra, Banka, Borneo, Java, Bali; Malakka ?

Fliigelliinge in mm.:

Bali: 142, 143-5.

Java: 135, 136, 139, 141, 143.

Sumatra: 130, 1388, 139, 146.

Sioban (Mentawei-Arch.): 148.

142. Gracupica tertia Hart.

Hartert, p. 547.

Abbildung : Nov. Zool. vol. xix t. ii.

3, Buleleng, 12.1.; ¢, Gitgit, 15. i.; 1 Ex., Buleleng, 27. iii.

Iris braun, Fiisse hellgelb, Schnabel gelb, nackte Angengegend goldgelb.

Gemein in der Kulturzone, besonders auf unbestellten Reisfeldern sich

einstellend, bei Kintamani bis 4000 f. aufsteigend. Balinesisch : tjurek.

Van Oort ist im Irrtum, wenn er—ohne den Typus gesehen zu haben—in

Not. Leyd. Mus. vol. 32 p. 158 die Meinung ausspricht, die Art sei auf ein junges

( 375 )

Stiick von Gracupica melanoptera gegriindet. Er hat offenbar Harterts Notiz in

Nov. Zool. vol. iii p. 594 iibersehen, in der eine ganze Serie dieser Art von

Lombok registriert ist, die alle mit dem Typus iibereinstimmen.

Verbreitung : Bali, Lombok.

*145. Leucopsar rothschildi Stres.

Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, Bull. B. O. Club vol, xxxi p. 4 (1912—Bali).

Abbildung : Nov. Zool. vol. xix t. ii. (Gefiederton etwas zu grau !).

?, Bubunan, 24. iii.

Dieser schine, sehr anffallend gefiirbte Star scheint sehr selten zu sein. Ausser

dem geschossenen Vogel, der sich im Wipfel ciner Kokospalme nahe bei einer an

der Nordkiiste gelegenen Ortschaft aufhielt, sah ich mit Sicherheit nur noch ein

Exemplar eine Woche darauf an ganz der gleichen Localitiit, hatte aber zufiillig

keine Patrone mehr bei mir.

Verbreitung : Bali.

144. Sturnopastor contra jalla (Horsf.).

Sturnopastor jalla, Cat. B. vol. xiii p, 57.

?, Buleleng, 11. ii.; %, Rendang, 13. iii.; 9%, Buleleng, 5. iv.

Tris gelblich weiss, Fiisse hell leamgelb, Schnabel hellgelb.

Hiiufig in der Region der Reisfelder, bis etwa 2000 f. aufsteigend.

Verbreitung : Sumatra, Java, Madura, Bali.

145. Aplonis panayensis gusti subsp. n.

Calornis chalybea, Hartert, p. 546.

2, Gitgit, 2000 f., 2. ii; 2, Rendang, 1500 f., 13. iii. ; 2 ¢¢, Danan Bratan,

3000 f., 21. ii.

Tris rot, Schabel und Fiisse schwarz.

Diese Form ist von allen iibrigen durch den starken bliiulichen Glanz,

besonders auf der Unterseite, unterschieden: in gewissem Lichte erscheint die

letztere dunkel violettblau. Schnabel kiirzer und niedriger als bei A. p. strigatus ;

Federn von Stirn und Scheitel nicht lang und fein zugespitzt, sondern mit kurzer

stumpfer Spitze. Auf einige Merkmale der neuen Form hatte bereits Hartert

aufmerksam gemacht.

Typus: 3, Danau Bratan, 3000 f., 21. iii. 1911, E. Stresemann coll. No. 328.

Die Art ist besonders in den Kaffeepflanzungen am Gebirgshang hiiufig und

tritt hier oft in grossen Scharen auf, bis 3500 f. aufsteigend. Sie findet sich auch

in der Niihe der Ortschaften und nistet in Buleleng unter Hausdiichern. Der

Gesang gleicht demjenigen der Malakkaform, wie ich ihn in Perak vernommen

habe.

Verbreitung : Bali.

Uber die geographischen Formen dieser Art vergl. die ausgezeichnete Ubersicht

bei Meyer und Wiglesworth, Birds of Celebes, vol. ii pp. 554-60. Genaue

Massangaben finden sich ferner bei Parrot, Beitr. Orn. Sum. pp. 255-6, im folgenden

als P citiert.

Ich gelange nach eingehendem Vergleich der Serien im Tring-Museum zu dem

( 376 )

eleichen Ergebnis wie Meyer und Wiglesworth, welche die unter dem Namen

neglecta durch Walden abgetrennten Celebesvigel im Gegensatz zu Sharpe mit der

Philippinenform vereinigen. Ein Unterschied in der Schwanzliinge, den Sharpe

angibt, besteht nicht, auch stimmen Fiirbung, Schnabelform und Fliigelliinge bei

beiden iiberein. Letztere betriigt in mm. bei einer Serie von den

Philippinen : 95, 96, 96, 99, 100, 100, 100, 101, 101, 101, 102, 102, 102, 102,

102, 103, 104, 105, 105, 105, 109, 110, 111, 111.

yon Celebes : 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 104, 107, 108, 108, 108, 108, 110, 110,

A, p. sanghirensis (Salvad.) ist durch bedeutendere Durchschnittsgrésse und

relatiy liingeren Schnabel gut unterschieden.

Typische A. p. strigatus yon Java und Sumatra sind von stiirkerem Glanz als

Philippinenstiicke (A. p. panayensis) und unterseits ausgesprochener griin, mit

geringerem violettrétlichem Schimmer, auch ist die Grosse aller Teile geringer.

Diese Form geht nun in Malakka und Tenasserim allmiihlich in den nérdlichen

A. p. afjinis (Hay) iiber, der seine extremste Ausbildung in Ostbengalen, Cachar

und Oberburma erfiihrt und sich von strigatus durch bedentendere Grésse und oft

etwas stiirker rotvioletten Schimmer der Unterseite unterscheidet, von panayensis

durch abweichende Schnabelform und _ griinlichere Oberseite, sowie stiirkeren

Glanz des Gefieders. Végel von Nordwest-Borneo, Sirhassen und dem Natuna-

Archipel vermittelu den Ubergang zwischen Malakka- und Philippinenvogeln.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Aplonis panayensis gusti.

Bali: 93, 94, 94, 97, 97°5, 98, 98.

Aplonis panayensis strigatus.

Java: 89, 90, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 95, 96, 96, 97.

Sumatra: 90 [P], 92 [P], 98 [P], 95 [P], 96 [P], 96, 96, 97 [P].

Bangka: 93 [P], 94 [P].

Durchschnitt yon 21 Exemplaren : 94:0 mm.

Aplonis panayensis strigatus > affinis.

Malakka : 94, 94*, 94*, 95*, 95*, 95*, 96, 96, 96*, 96:5*, 97, 98*, 98*, 98*, 98",

99%, 99%, 99*, 99, 100%, 100°5*, 101, 104, 104.—Durchschnitt von 23 Ex, : 97-9 mm.

Salanga: 94*, 98*, 99:5*, 100*, 100:5*, 102*, 102°5*,

Aplonis punayensis strigatus < affinis.

Tenasserim ; 96", 96%, 97*, 98°5*, 100*, 100*, 101*, 101-5*, 102*, 102*, 102*,

102*, 103*, 103*, 103*, 103*, 103:5*, 104*, 104:5*, 106*—Durchschnitt von

20 Ex.: 1014 mm.

Aplonis panayensis affinis.

Cachar : 103, 107*, 107, 109*.

Tipparah : 104*, 105*, 105*, 106*, 108*.—Durchschnitt von 9 Ex.: 105-9 mm.

Aplonis panayensis strigatus > affinis = panayensis.

N.W. Borneo: 99, 108.

Sirhassen : 104, 104°5, 106.

Banguran: 104.

Pula Laut (nérdl. vy. Bunguran): 105,

( 877 )

Die Barussan-Inseln, wie Oberholser die Kette der vor der Westkiiste

Sumatras gelegenen Inseln mit einem Kollektivnamen zu bezeichnen vorgeschlagen

hat, scheinen eine Anzahl wohl unterschiedener Formen zu beherbergen, von

welchen A, p. altirostris Salvad. die weiteste Verbreitung besitzen diirfte: Nias,

Batu- und Tello-Inseln, sowie die nérdlichen Mentawei-Inseln.

Fliigelliinge in mm. :

Nias : 100.

Batu-Inseln : 96, 104, 106, 106.

Tello-Inseln : 105.

Si-Oban: 98, 106.

Von dieser Form wurden durch Oberholser neuerdings (in Smiths. Misc. Coll,

vol. 60, No. 7, p. 17) die Végel von Siid-Pagi unter dem Namen pachistorhinus

unterschieden, mit der kurzen Diagnose: “Similar to Lamprocoraxr chalybeus

altirostris from Nias Island, but with wing longer, and plumage somewhat less

glossy.” Der gleiche Autor stellte Jc. eine Form rhadinorhamphus anf,

“vesembling L. ch. pachistorhinus, but bill more slender, size smaller, plumage

somewhat less glossy, particularly below.—Type Simalur-Island.” Auf Engano

schliesslich wird die Art repriisentiert durch A. p. enganensis (Salvad.): “ Calornis

ce. chalybeae (Horsf.) similis, sed maior, alis longioribus (115 mm.), rostro

robustiore.””

Eine im Tring-Museum befindliche Serie von Pini, nordéstlich der Batu-Inseln,

erweist sich als keiner der bisher von den Barussan-Inseln bekannten Subspecies

zugehorig ; die Pinivégel stehen dem A. p. tytleri iiberaus nahe, unterscheiden sich

aber dureh kiirzeren Schwanz und die Form des—gleichfalls sehr schlanken—

Schnabels : die Kriimmung der Oberschnabelfirste ist weniger gleichmissig als bei

tytleri, vielmehr beginnt sie erst im apicalen Drittel. Ich benenne die neue Form

Aplonis panayensis leptorrhynchus subsp. n.

Typus: Pini, Raap coll. No. 34, im Tring-Museum.

Zum Vergleich beider Unterarten seien die vom Material des Tring-Museums

genommenen Fliigel- und Schwanzmasse beigefiigt.

Aplonis panayensis tytlert.

Jar Nicobar: a 116, ¢ 76.

Trinkut : @ 116, ¢ 75.

Siid-Andaman: @ 113, 116, 117; ¢ 69, 75, 78.

Aplonis panayensis leptorrhynchus.

Pini: a 111, 114, 114, 116, 116 ; ¢ 66, 67, 70, 70, 71.

Hine generische Trennung der Arten mit gestuftem (Lamprocorax) von denen

mit ungestuftem Schwanz (Aplonis) ist durchaus kiinstlich, da zwischen beiden

Typen zahlreiche Ubergiinge vermitteln. Vergl. auch Sharpe, Cat. B. vol. xiii

p. 125 Anm.

146. Gracula javana javana (Cav.).

Eulabes javanensis typicus, Hartert, p. 547.

Nov, Zool, vol. xix p. 313.

3, Tegal, 1500 f., 3. iii. ; ¢, Kembangsari, 2000 f,, 3. iii.

Hinfig in der Region der Kaffeepflanzungen zwischen 1500 und 3000 f,

seltener in der Kiistenebene.

( 378 )

Verbreitung : Bali, Kangean, Java, Sumatra, Billiton, Banka, Borneo, Natuna,

Malakka, Siid-Tenasserim.

In Rerue Francaise d@ Ornithologie 1912 p. 364 fahrt Dr. Dubois “ Gracuia

javanensis var. dubia Schl.” mit einem ? von Bali auf. Was -den Autor dazu

bestimmt hat, als Heimat dieses Vogels, der ganz offenbar als junges Exemplar

von Gracula javana gedeutet werden muss, die Insel Bali zu vermuten, entzieht

sich meiner Kenntnis.

[147. Corvus coronoides macrorynchos Wag. |

Corone macrorhyncha, Cat. B. vol. iii p. 38.

Die Art ist auf Bali in der Kulturzone allenthalben hiufig und stellt sich

zuweilen, besonders in Siid-Bali, massenhaft auf frisch gepfliigten Reisfeldern ein,

dem Menschen gegeniiber iiusserst zutraulich.

Verbreitung: Inselkette yon Java bis Timor; Sumatra (?), Borneo (?),

Malakka (?).

*148. Corvus enca enca (Horsf.).

g, Buleleng, 13.1.

Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Celebes, Sula-Inseln.

[149. Crypsirhina varians (Lath.).]

Hartert, p. 547.

Verbreitung : Cochinchina, Siam, Burma, Malakka, Borneo, Sumatra, Java,

Bali.

ZOOGHEOGRAPHISCHE SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN.

Obgleich unsere Kenntnis der Ornis Balis noch liingst nicht als abgeschlossen

betrachtet werden darf, und diejenige der Vogelwelt von Lombok und Sumbawa

vermutlich noch grissere Liicken anfweist, diirfte eine Zusammenfassung unseres

heutigen Wissens hinsichtlich der Ornithogeographie dieser Inselgruppen doch am

Platze sein, und die Resultate, zu denen wir gegenwartig gelangen, diirften bei der

Fiille des Materials nicht weit vom tatsiichlichen Sachverhalt abliegen.

Ich méchte zuniichst eine rein terminotechnische Hrérterung vorausschicken.

Aus Griinden der grésseren Klarheit und Ubersichtlichkeit sehe ich mich veranlasst,

in den folgenden statistischen Zusammenstellungen eine neve Terminologie ein-

zufithren. Unterschiede ich darin, wie sich dies aus der Benutzung der tiblichen

Ausdriicke ergeben wiirde, lediglich zwischen Arten (species) und Formen

(subspecies), so wiirde hierdurch insofern ein falsches Bild erzielt, als mit der

Bezeichnung Art gegenwiirtig zwei systematisch verschiedenwertige Begriffe

benannt werden. Beispiel: Oveosterops javanica ist zu einem Artbegriff geworden,

ist keine ungeteilte “ Art” mehr, seitdem wir von dem typischen, der Hauptmasse

nach ostjavanischen Vogel den ihm sehr nahestehenden westjavanischen und den

balinesischen zu unterscheiden gelernt haben. Halcyon cyanoventris ist eine stark

specialisierte Art, ausschliesslich den Inseln Java und Bali gemeinsam und auf

beiden in der gleichen Ausbildung entwickelt. Ziihlte ich nun in einer Zusammen- —

stellung Oreosterops javanica und Halcyon cyanoventris als Arten, die Bali und

Java ausschliesslich eigentiimlich sind, im Gegensatz zu den ausschliesslich

( 379 )

gemeinsamen geographischen Formen, welche Arten von weiterer Verbreitung

unterzuordnen sind, so wiirde dies eine Triibung des Sachbildes hervorrufen und

gleichzeitig einen Fehler in den Summierungen ergeben ; die ausschliesslich

gemeinsame Art und Form /Haleyon cyanoventris dentet anf eine nahe Zusam-

mengehérigkeit von Java und Bali hin, die ausschliesslich gemeinsame Art

Oreosterops javanica verbindet beide und betont doch gleichzeitig den faunistischen

Unterschied, da sie auf Java in etwas anderer Form ausgebildet ist als anf Bali.

Ich werde daher in Zukunft den Artbegriff kurz als Art bezeichnen, die

ungebrochene Species als Altform, die geographische getrenuten Reprasentanten

eines Artbegriffes als Jungformen. Beispiele:

Art : Oreosterops javanica.

Altform : Halcyon cyanoventris.

Jungtormen : Oreosterops javanica javanica, frontalis und elongata.

Der Gedanke, der zur Wahl dieser Ausdriicke fiihrt, ist der folgende: Jede

Tierform [Altform] sei—um im Bilde zu sprechen—einem niederen einzelligen

Organismus vergleichbar, der, nachdem er ein gewisses Alter erreicht oder sein

Volumen um einen gewissen Bestand zugenommen hat, oder aber veranlasst durch

Hinwirkungen yon aussen, sich zur Teilung in zwei oder mehr selbstiindige

Tochtertiere anschickt. Diese Teilung wird mit einer Oberfliichenfurchung ihren

Anfang nehmen, und die Furchen werden, im Beginn des Processes nur dem

geiibten Auge erkennbar, allmiihlich sich tiefer einschniiren und deutlicher aus-

prigen, ohne dass zuniichst eine dieser werdenden Tochterzellen selbstandige

Bewegungsfreiheit besitzt : sie sind von einer gemeinsamen Membran umschlossen

[terniire Nomenklatur, Unterordnung der Formen unter einen Artbegriff; Jung-

formen, zasammengehalten durch die Membran “Art”]. Erst nachdem die

Furchen vollig durchgeschniirt haben, zerreisst die umbiillende Membran und die

Tochterzellen erhalten damit Individualitit und die Méglichkeit eigenwilliger

Bewegung ; oder, um das Bild zu verlassen und zur Sache zuriickzukehren: Die

Jungformen reifen zu Altformen, die sich durch verschiedensinnige Specialisierang

morphologisch immer weiter von einander entfernen und hierauf hiiufig geo-

graphisch ineinanderschieben, ohne eine artliche Vermischung einzugehen. Hier-

bei wird gleichzeitig die Tochter-Altform, die sich vom Entstehungszentrum der

Mntter-Altform am wenigsten weit entfernt hat, den Typus der letzteren am

reinsten bewahren, soweit sich dortselbst keine Veriinderungen der physiologischen

Bedingungen vollzogen haben.

Soll sich nach gewissen Zeitriiumen bei der Tochter-Altform der gleiche Reife-

und Teilungsprocess abspielen wie bei der Mutter-Altform, so erscheinen hierfiir

die folgenden Bedingungen erforderlich: Ausdehnung oder Verlagerung des

Verbreitungsgebietes ; oder orographische Veriinderungen inmitten des letzteren,

von der Bedeutung einer fiir die Art uniitberwindlichen Scheide.—Altformen, deren

Area auf ein relativ kleines und klimatisch gleichformiges Gebiet, etwa eine kleinere

Insel, beschriinkt bleibt, werden zwar in der Weiterentwickeluung morphologischer

Ligenarten nicht stehen bleiben, aber niemals zur Teilung schreiten kéunen. Hs

eriibrigt sich wohl, zu bemerken, dass diese Ausfiihrungen nur fiir die Erkliirang

ornithogeographischer Phaecnomene Giiltigkeit beanspruchen, insbesondere solcher

in Inselgebieten.

Nur soweit sei fiir heute dieser Gedanke verfolgt. Der oben gefiihrte Ver-

gleich einer in Teilung begriffenen Altform mit der sich furchenden Zelle erweist

sich in einem Punkte als schief: der Irrealitiit der die Jungformen umschliessenden

( 380 )

“ Art-Membran.” Die Entscheidung, ob bei Formen “ entre deux ages ” eine biniire

oder terniire Benennung Verwandtschaft und Alter am klarsten zum Ausdruck

bringt, wird daher stets dem Gutdiinken des Winzeluen iiberlassen bleiben. Und

dies ist gleichzeitig ein Punkt, der die zoogeographischen Schlussfolgerungen nicht

unwesentlich beriihrt.

Bevor ich auf diese eingehe, scien einige kurze topographische Informationen

vorausgeschickt. Die Fliiche der Inseln Java, Bali, Lombok und Sambawa, deren

Ornis im folgenden beriicksichtigt werden soll, verhiilt sich etwa wie 23:1: 1: 2,9.

Alle vier Inseln sind im wesentlichen vulkanischen Ursprungs, und aus tieferen

Lagen sind von ihnen jungtertiaire Meeres-Ablagernngen bekannt: Bedeutende

Niveauschwankungen und Reliefveriinderungen bis in die geologisch jiingste

Vergangenheit sind daher wahrscheinlich. Die Vegetationsverhiiltnisse sind yon

Java bis Sumbawa iihnliche: in den niederen Lagen viel offenes, fruchtbares

Kulturland, daneben, zumal im Mitteleebirge, ausgedehnte Urwiilder, an den

hohen Aschenkegeln spiirliche Busch-, Gras- oder Kasuarinenvegetation.

Die heutige Minimalbreite der die Inseln trennenden Meeresstrassen betriigt

beiliufig in Seemeilen :

Sundastrasse (Sumatra-Java): 13.

Balistrasse (Java-Bali): 1:5,

Lombokstrasse (Bali-Lombok) : 19.

Alasstrasse (Lombok-Sumbawa) : 775.

Ferner betriigt nach den gegenwiirtigen Lotungen die Maximal- und Minimal-

tiefe dieser Strassen, ausgedriickt in Faden (1 Faden = 1°8 m.).

Sundastrasse: 65—30; Balistrasse: 84—25; Lombokstrasse: 654—122 ;

Alasstrasse: 79—48.

Wenn wir daher im folgenden die Lombokstrasse—in villiger Bestiitigung der

Wallaceschen Vermutung—als wichtige Faunengrenze kennen lernen, so steht

dies ganz in Ubereinstimmung mit dem, was sich aus den heutigen Lage-

beziehungen der Inseln erwarten liisst. Sie wird iberschritten yon mehr als

60 sedentiiren Arten (nicht mitgerechnet sind die meist sehr weit verbreiteten

Ardeiden), unter welchen wir bei 10 zwischen Bali und Lombok (oder, falls die

Art auf Bali resp. Lombok nicht vertreten ist, zwischen Lombok und Java oder

Bali und Sumbawa) eine zu zwei Formen fiihrende “ Winschniirung ” (sit venia

verbo !) antreffen. Dagegen bildet hier die ‘ Wallace-sche Linie” die Westgrenze

fiir 20, die Ostgrenze fiir 62 Arten und Altformen! Im einzelnen ergibt sich,

dass ihre Westgrenze finden in

Sumbawa: Altformen + Arten:(7 + 4) 11, Jungformen 4

Lombok : “ +3, (8 12)20 5 7

Bali: i + 4, (2+ 4)6 5 12 (138 ?)

ihre Ostgrenze dagegen in

Bali: Altformen + Arten: (27 + 35) 62, Jungformen 8

Lombok: ,, omer ern Coo st a hz) ls) 6

Sumbawa: ,, a ee ere oo Gal)! Seat) eas 3 5

Die Familie der Capitoniden, auf Bali noch in vier Arten vertreten, itber-

schreitet die Lombokstrasse nicht, diejenige der Piciden, die auf Bali durch 6 Arten

repriisentiert ist, geht nur in einer Jungform (Yungipicus sondaicus grandis)

éstlicher. Auf der anderen Seite finden wir, dass die Cacatuiden in einer Art

bis Lombok, aber nicht weiter westlich sich verbreitet haben, wiihrend die

PEGS tye Mp germ.

( 381 )

Loriiden und Meliphagiden ihren westlichsten Auslaufer (Trichoglossus haema-

todus mitchelli und Stigmatops indistincta “imbata) bis Bali entsandt haben.

Zur Illustrierang der nachbarlichen Beziehungen, welche die Ornis dieser

Inseln offenbart, mégen ferner die folgenden Zusammenstellungen dienen. Wir

finden

Endemische Altformen aut:

Bali: 1 (Leucopsar rothschild?).

Lombok: 0.

Sumbawa : 0.

Endemische Jungformen aut’:

Bali: 6 (7?) [Oreosterops javanica elongata ; Criniger gularis balicus ;

Phoenicophaés curvirostris deningeri ; Dinopium javanense

exsul; Aplonis panayensis gusti ; Rhinomyias umbratilis

baliensis? ; Carpophaga lacernulata william. |

Lombok: 2 [ Dicaeum machloti neglectum; Dicrurus cineraceus wallace. |

Sumbawa : 4 [Lophozosterops dohertyi doherty: ; Rhipidura diluta sumba-

vensis ; Trichoglossus haematodus Sorstent ; Zosterops

(chloris ?) sumbavensis, |

Ausschliesslich gemeinsam sind :

Java und Bali.

Altformen: 10 (11?)

Arten: 2 | siehe Tabelle.

Jungformen ; 18

Bali und Lombok.

Altformen : 1 [Gracupica tertia].

Arten : 0.

Jungformen: 1 [ Trichoglossus haematodus mitchell].

Lombok und Sumbawa.

Altformen: 0,

Arten : 0.

Jungformen : 1 [ Geoffroyus personatus sumbavensis |,

Sumatra, Java, Bali.

Altformen: 1 (2 ?) [Ptilinopus porphyreus ; Prinia Samiliaris ?).

Arten : 0,

Jungformen: 1 [Xantholaema rosea rosea].

Java, (Bali, Kangean,) Lombok.

Altformen: |] [Horeites montana].

Arten : 0,

Jangformen: 6 (7 ?) [Turdus varius horsfieldi; Orthotomus sepium sepium ;

Pericrocotus flammeus exsul; Munia leucogastra leuco-

gastroides ; Collocalia linchi linchi ; Treron griseicauda

griseicauda ; ? Macropygia ruficeps ruficeps |.

Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa.

Altformen: 0,

Arten ; 0,

Jungformen : v,

( 382 )

Sumatra, Java, (Bali,) Lombok.

Altformen: 0.

Arten : 0.

Jungformen : 1 [Sphenocercus sphenurus horthalsi].

Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa.

Altformen: 0.

Arten: 0.

Jungformen : 1 [Phylloscopus trivirgatus trivirgatus }.

Altformen von der Minimalverbreitung Sumatra bis Sumbawa.

Gallus ferrugineus ; Chaleophaps indica ; Treron vernans ; Cisticola exilis ;

Geocichla interpres, ete

Jungformen von der Minimalverbreitung Sumatra bis Sumbawa.

Carpophaga aenea aenea ; Streptopelia chinensis tigrina ; Macropygia phasia-

nella emiliana; Haliastur indus indus S girrenera; Caprimulgus macrourus

macrourus; Caprimulgus affinis affinis; Cacomantis sepuleralis sepuleralis; Cuculus

intermedius insulindae ; Eudynamis orientalis malayana ; Lanius schach bentet ;

Dendrobiastes hyperythra malayana; Muscicapula melanoleuca westermanni ;

Parus maior cinereus ; Cinnyris ornata ornata, ete.

Die zoogeographischen Schliisse lassen sich demnach kurz dahin zusammen-

fassen : (1) Unter der Ornis der Inseln Bali, Lombok und Sumbawa besitzt diejenige

von Bali die grésste Selbstiindigkeit. (2) Auf Bali iiberwiegt die Zahl der west-

lichen Formen bei weitem die der dstlichen, auf Sumbawa besitzen australisch-

papuasische Formen das Ubergewicht, die Ornis von Lombok ist aus Elementen

beider Faunenregionen etwa za gleichen Teilen zusammengesetat. (3) Java und Bali

diirften liingere Zeit einen einheitlichen Complex dargestellt haben, ihre Verbin-

dung jedoch mag schon seit langem * unterbrochen sein, da sich einige endemische

Formen haben entwickeln kénnen, die auf Java durch nahe verwandte vertreten

sind. Zwei Formen, die Bali und Ostjava eigentiimlich sind (Pycnonotus bimacu-

latus tenggerensis und Copsychus saularis amoenus), auf Westjava jedoch durch

andere Jungformen repriisentiert sind, scheinen daranf hinzudeuten, dass zur Zeit

der Verbindung Balis mit Ostjava dieses durch eine Meeresstrasse von Westjava

getrennt war. Die Annahme des Bestehens einer solchen Trennung wird gestiitzt

durch die jungtertiiren marinen Ablagerungen in Mitteljava und durch die folgenden

weiteren Arten, die in West- und Ostjava in verschiedenen Jungformen ausgebildet

sind: Vurdus fumidus fumidus und whiteheadi sowie Oreosterops javanica

frontalis wnd javanica ; letatere ist offenbar erst, nachdem die Trennung beider

Teile Javas zu bestehen aufgehért hatte, in geringer Zahl ins Gebiet der ersteren

eingewandert. (4) Hine zeitweilige Landbriicke zwischen Bali und Lombok ist

wahrscheinlich, vermutlich zu einer Periode, als erstere Insel nicht mit Java,

letztere nicht mit Sambawa in Zusammenhang stand.

In der folgenden Tabelle bezeichnen horizontale Striche das Fehlen einer Art

oder Altform, Kreuze das Auftreten einer Altform ; das Vorkommen einer Art ist

durch Einfiigen des Namens der sie vertretenden Jungform in die Kolonne der

betreffenden Insel ausgedriickt.

* Zum wenigsten seit dem jiingeren Pleistociin,

( 388.)

SPECIES. SUMBAWA, LOMBOK, BALI. JAVA, SUMATRA.

Leucopsar rothschildi = = ie = =

4 : : O. u. W. java-

Oreosterops javanica . — = elongata nica —

W. frontalis

Criniger gularis . — _ balicus gularis gutturalis

_ Phoenicophaés curvirostris — _ deningeri | curvirostris erythro-

sy gnathus

_ Dinopium javanense . — — exsul javanense javanense

Aplonis panayensis — — gusti strigatus strigatus

_ Rhinomyias umbratilis — — baliensis ? umbratilis

; - pe -_ | O. tenggerensis

a Pycnonotus bimaculatus —_ tenggerensis Wabinnaaaieen a

r . i: O. amoenus US

Copsychus saularis — amoenus Wanneints (Borneo ;

amoenus)

-Haleyon cyanoyentris — = Bs + =

‘Xantholaema australis — = EB ee a

-Chrysocolaptes strictus = fe + =

Cryptolopha grammiceps . _— ae Se ft =

Graucalus javensis — = + af ==

~ Cyanoderma melanothorax = = ae e af

_Myiophoneus cyaneus _ = + at at,

Prinia familiaris = pi i a 2

Dicaeum flammeum “= == + ihe =

unia ferruginosa a ae ery ae oS.

‘Glaucidium castanopterum ae Be He ae =

nurus alexandri — = alexandri alexandri (Continent ;

fasciatus)

riculus vernalis — — pusillus pusillus (Continent :

vernalis)

fimbriata — —= fimbriata fimbriata culminata

thina tiphia é _ — scapularis scapularis viridis

Melittophagus leschenaulti -- -- leschenaulti | leschenaulti | (Continent

A etc, :swinhoii)

iprocne longipennis os _ Jongipennis | longipennis harterti

niculus lugubris — — lugubris lugubris bracbyurus

ops armillaris = _ armillaris armillaris henricii

. =

ereiceryx lineatus — — lineatus lineatus (Continent ;

\ hodgsoni )

eyanura eyanura irena

J ‘omatorhinus montanus — =. montanus montanus |(Borneo ete. ;

borneensis)

( 384 )

SPECIES. SUMBAWA. LOMBOK. BALI. JAVA. SUMATRA.

Enicurus leschenaulti. _— — leschenaulti | leschenaulti | (Borneo;

borneensis)

Geocichla citrina — — rubecula rubecula (Continent ;

citrina)

Dicaeum minullum = — sollicitans sollicitans | (Continent :

olivaceum)

Arachnothera affinis . — a affinis affinis modesta

Ploceus manyar . _ — manyar manyar (Continent :

flaviceps)

Dicrurus ater — — longus longus (Continent ;

ater)

Picus vittatus = = a in Be,

Dryobates analis = — as x ae

Thriponax javensis = — javensis javensis javensis

Rhipidura javanica — ve ah a EY

Culicicapa ceylonensis = — ceylonensis | ceylonensis | ceylonensis

Hemipus obscurus = =e 3, + a

Pericrocotus peregrinus — = ae fe (Continent

ete.)

, yr melano- melano-

Microtarsus melanocephalos an gephalon melanocephalos canhalae

Turdinus sepiarius a = te ie (Malakka)

Megalurus palustris = i i 4 Ce

Dicaeum trigonostigma — — trigonostigma| trigonostigma |trigonostigma

Amandava amandava . = _ + aks (Continent)

Munia maja = ae ets 3k we

Sturnopastor contra . — = jalla jalla jalla

Gracula javana . — _ javana javana javana

Crypsirhina varians — — ag ae

Ptilinopus porphyreus = — + + +

Spilornis bassa = cs ar ae 4

Microhierax fringillarius — = + ay aE

Ketupa ketupa . — — + + +

Phodilus badius . — os a Eve aS

Anthracoceros coronatus — _ COL eXUus conyexus convexus

Cacomantis merulinus — -- merulinus merulinus merulinys

eh 90

( 385 )

SPECIES. SUMBAWA. LOMBOK. BALI. JAVA, SUMATRA,

Centropus sinensis = -- bubutus bubutus bubutus

Xantholaema rosea — — rosea rosea rosea

? cad

Chlorura hyperythra . (Flores : intermedia — hyperythra | (Borneo:

? intermedia) borneensis)

Yungipicus sondaicus. grandis grandis = sondaicus sondaicus

Carpophaga lacernulata (Flores : sasakensis williami lacernulata —

sasakensis) =

Dicrurus cineraceus — wallacei cineraceus cineraceus (Palawan ?,

Tenasserim ?)

Eurystomus orientalis connectens | connectens | orientalis orientalis orientalis

Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum | sarasinorum | javanensis |’ javanensis javanensis

Oriolus maculatus broderipi broderipi maculatus maculatus maculatus

Phyllergates cucullatus (Flores : _ cucullatus cucullatus cucullatus

everetti)

Anthreptes malacensis chlorogaster — tmaalacensis malacensis malacensis

Mirafra javanica parva parva javanica javanica —

Alcedo meninting — meninting | meninting meninting meninting

Pycnonotus goiavier . — analis analis analis analis

Munia oryzivora = + + + +

Geopelia striata . maugeus striata striata striata striata

Monia punctulata . |(Flores ete,:| — nisoria nisoria nisoria nisoria

blasii)

Macropygia ruficeps orientalis ruficeps ? ruficeps ruficeps nana

Collocalia linchi , — linchi linchi linchi cyanoptila ?

“ 1

Pachycephala grisola . = grisola grisola grisola brunet

Pericrocotus flammeus — exsul exsul exsul xanthogaster

Horeites montana = ae + + —

Turdus varius — horsfieldi ? horsfieldi (Continent :

varius)

Treron griseicauda = griseicauda | griseicauda | griseicauda —

Macropygia unchall = unchall ? unchall unchall

Sphenocercus sphenurus = korthalsi 2 korthalsi korthalsi

Orthotomus sepium _ sepium sepium sepium cinerascens

- leucogas- leucogas- oa a ,

Munia leucogastra Gl troidee leucogastroides| leucogastra

Ceyx rufidorsa

Phylloscopus trivirgatus

Brachypteryx leucophrys .

Zosterops palpebrosa .

inpominata

trivirgatus

(Flores ;

neglecta)

innominata

trivirgatus

neglecta

innominata

trivirgatus

neglecta

innominata

trivirgatus

| O.; neglecta

rufidorsa

parvirostris ?

(Continent ;

palpebrosa)

( 386 )

SPECIES. SUMBAWA. Loox. BALI.

Dicaeum sanguinolentum . (Peres) + +

Erythromyias dumetoria dumetoria | dumetoria ?

Corvus enca (Celebes : —_ enca

enca)

Gallus varius + + oe

Pratincola caprata fruticola fruticola fruticola

bay . | melanoce- | melanoce- | melanoce-

Ptilinopus melanocephalus . phalus phalus phalus

Macropygia phasianella (Flores : emiliana emiliana

emiliana)

Streptopelia bitorquata bitorquata | bitorquata | bitorquata

Falco moluccensis occidentalis occidentalis | occidentalis

Geocichla andromedae (Flor es) + ?

Alcedo ispida floresiana ? floresiana

Lalage nigra timorensis | timorensis | timorensis

Anthus richardi . albidus albidus albidus

Dicrurus hottentottus bimaénsis | bimaénsis | bimaénsis

Ramphaleyon capensis floresiana floresiana floresiana

Gracupica tertia —_— + +

Trichoglossus haematodus.| forsteni mitchelli mitchelli

Ptilinopus cinctus albocinctus | albocinctus | albocinctus

Pachycephala melanura fulvotincta ? fulvotincta

Stigmatops indistincta limbata limbata limbata

Dicaeum mackloti . (Timor ete.:) neglectum —

mackloti)

Munia quinticolor (Flores; | quinticolor =

quinticolor)

Zosterops intermedia . + 4+ =

Ptilotis vi

ilotis virescens (Flores) + _—

Philemon timoriensis neglectus | neglectus =

: : | 2

Munia pallida (Flores) + —

Taeniopygia insularis . + = ao

Calornis minor . + _

Geocichla dohertyi + + —

Pitta coronata > (Flores : concinna =

concinna)

JAVA.

dumetoria

enca

fruticola

melanocephalus

emiliana

bitorquata

occidentalis

bengalensis ?

nigra

malayensis

capensis |

SUMATRA,

miilleri

compilator

(Continent :

bicolor)

Nias :

modiglianii)

(Borneo etc. :

dussumieri)

bengalensis

nigra

malayensis

(Continent :

hottentottus)

malaccensis

( 387 )

SPECIES. SUMBAWA., LOMBOK. BALI. JAVA. SUMATRA,

Monachaleyon fulgidus + + — — _

_ Haleyon australasia . (Gumba ete. :| australasia — — =

, australasia)

Cacatua parvula . (Flores : | occidentalis — = =

; occidentalis

_ Geoffroyus personatus . | sumbavensis | sumbavensis — — =

_ Otus manadensis albiventris | albiventris — aaa =

; Falco longipennis + ds = = _

Baza subcristata. . timorlaoénsis | timorlaoénsis = — —

- Megapodius duperreyi duperreyi | duperreyi — _— =

‘Turnix rufilatus . powelli powelli — — =

; itieraba metallica. metallica metallica _ — =

_ Acmonorhynchusannae_ . + _ = — =

3 _Zosterops wallacei + — — — —

_ Lophozosterops dohertyi dohertyi = = =— =

M unia molucca .. propinqua = = = =

7 + = = — =

Ps + = = - =

ricrocotus lansbergi + = = — =

7 . sumbawensis = = = ==

esculenta == == = 7

erops sumbavensis + — = = =

é + — — = —

( 388 )

CONTRIBUTIONS TO A ,KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUB-

FAMILIES OFNOCHROMINAE AND HEMITHEINAE

OF, GEOMETRIDAE.

By LOUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.

rPNHE Geometrid subfamilies treated of in this paper have already undergone

a preliminary revision at my hands (Genera Insectorum, fase. 104, 1910, and

129, 1912), but insufficiency of material, lack of time or occasion for real mono-

graphic work, and various other circumstances made it impossible to avoid a

number of uncertainties and even errors in matters of detail. Moreover, many

new species and forms have recently been discovered, in particular among a rich

collection made at Mt. Goliath, 5000—7000 ft., Central Dutch New Guinea (about

139° E. long.), by Mr. A. 8S. Meek. I therefore take this opportunity not only to

describe the novelties but also to introduce various notes and corrections concerning

earlier work.

As I hope shortly to publish a catalogue of the Hemitheinae in the “ Lepi-

dopteroram Catulogus,” it is not necessary here to refer to discoveries of synonymy

which need no particular comment, nor to give a list of the new species which have

been published since the appearance of my work on the “ Genera Insectorum” ; but,

with these exceptions, I shall endeavour to bring our knowledge as nearly as

possible up to date in all essentials, deeming it a manifest advantage to have the

whole within the same covers rather than spread over a number of detached notes.

For this reason no faunistic limits have been prescribed, although the New Guinea

Geometrids claim by far the largest share of attention.

Supramity ORNOCHROMINAE.

1. Dichromodes semicanescens spec. nov.

9,18 mm. Head, with face, fuscous sprinkled with grey. Palpus fuscous,

whitish at base. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Fore and middle

legs and hindtarsus fuscous on upper side, narrowly pale-belted.

Forewing rather short and broad, apex not acute, termen bowed, not strongly

oblique ; mostly grey in basal part, cell and entire area posterior to M and M’,

with coarse fuscous irroration ; basal part of cell and of costal area slightly mixed

with light ferrnginous-ochreous ; stronger longitudinal patches of the same distally

to cell, placed between SC* and R? and between R* and M', reaching as far as a

dark fuscous border, which rans from costa to tornus, about 2 mm, wide anteriorly

but narrowing to a point at tornus; first line fine, dark fuscous, indistinct, from

a thick black spot at one-fourth costa; a thick black costal spot proximally to

cell-spot, another distally to it; cell-spot black, continued with fuscous posteriorly

along DC; postmedian line scarcely traceable. Hindwing uniform fuscous, only

the inner margin slightly paler, with indications of beginnings of lines.

Underside shining greyish fuscous, forewing only with somewhat darker border,

hindwing with rather more brown tinge, rather less shiny, a dark discal spot and

dark border,

Geraldton, West Australia (E. A, Saunders). ‘Type in coll, Brit, Mus,

( 389 )

2. Nearcha agnata spec. noy.

3, 35 mm. Face blackish. Palpus about twice diameter of eye; black, at

base whitish. Antennal pectinations about as in aridaria Walk. Head, thorax,

and abdomen concolorous with wings. Forefemur darkened; middle femur hairy

(hind abraded) ; hindtibia with strong ochreous hair-pencil.

Forewing with apex prominent, termen waved, curved, oblique ; pale ochreous

grey with very sparse dark scales; first line obsolete ; postmedian, as in normal

aridaria, consisting of a curved row of black vein-spots, becoming small and less

distinct costally, closely followed (except at costa) by a curved brown line ; a small

dark, pale-centred discal spot (smaller than in aridaria) ; terminal black dots rather

larger than in aridaria ; fringe strongly dark-chequered, remaining pale opposite

the veins. Hindwing slightly paler, with dark cell-dot before one-third and

feeble grey, nearly straight line beyond middle.

Forewing beneath with cell-spot not pale-centred; no other markings. Hind-

wing beneath slightly hairy at base; hair-tufts ochreous, placed as follows: a

moderate black-mixed tuft in front of.vein C just before apex of cell, and a similar

one, but not black-mixed, in front of M in the end of the cell; ridges along vein ©

from the tuft about half-way to the end of the vein, and on M and especially the

base of R*; a large tuft at the base of and for some distance along and between

SC? and R’; markings consist of a moderately large black cell-spot on DC? and a

black spot at tornus ; terminal spots and fringe as on forewing.

Perth, West Australia (C. M. Worsfold). Type in coll. Brit. Mus,

Belongs to Section 1. (Gen. Ins. 104, p. 29), nearest aridaria, but differing in

the arrangement of the hair-tufts as well as in some details of wing-shape and.

markings.

3. Nearcha uncta spec. nov.

3,33mm. Face black. Palpus moderately long, black. Antenna two-thirds

length of wing; shaft ochreous, pectinations long, blackish. Crown of head mixed

ochreous and blackish, rather rough, projecting a small tuft anteriorly. Thorax

and abdomen concolorous with wings. Legs long and slender, femora glabrons ;

whitish grey, more or less speckled with fuscous; forecoxa, femur, and tibia

predominantly fuscous.

Forewing with costa very slichtly curved at base and close to apex, otherwise

straight, or almost concave ; termen straight, oblique; very glossy blackish grey

with a faint purplish reflection, costal edge narrowly ochreous; first line from

one-fourth costa to one-third posterior margin, consisting of large white dots on

veins and cell-fold; discal spot at beyond one-half, large, dark, but little con-

spicuons on the dark ground ; postmedian wavy, brownish, at 3°5 mm. from termen,

slightly incurved posteriorly, quite indistinct, bat marked with sharp white dots

on the veins, smaller than the antemedian series; a conspicuous pale, thick,

regularly dentate subterminal line ; distal margin tinged with blue-grey, with a

conspicuous series of small black dots ; fringe divided by a pale line beyond middle.

—lTindwing with costa long, apex rounded-prominent, termen straight nearly to

the rounded tornus ; paler, unmarked, terminal dots as on forewing.

Under-surface almost unmarked, both wings with cell-spot indicated, forewing

with a faint postmedian line, hindwing dark-speckled and strigulated.

( 390 )

Waroona, West Australia, May 27, 1909 (G..F. Berthond). Type in coll. Brit.

Mns., paratype in coll. G. Lyell, Gisborne.

Related to pseudophaes Lower; very distinct in its very dark, very glossy

coloration.

4, Ophiographa postmarginata spec. nov.

3%, 24-25 mm. Frontal protuberance rather less long than in serpentaria,

ending, as in that species, in a long, curved, horny point. Head and thorax con-

colorous with forewing, mixed with dark fuscous. d¢ antennal pectinations long ;

2 hindtibia with terminal spurs only.

Both wings in ¢ with termen very feebly, in ? rather more (but still only

slightly) subcrenulate. Forewing with termen strongly bowed, becoming very

oblique ; SC** anastomosing (SC? at a point only) with SC‘, M* well separate

from R’, DC! rather more vertical than usual; pale reddish grey, mixed, especially

in basal area, with red-brown, a sparser dusting of fuscous scales in the same area

(and in the ¢ in the distal area); costal margin as far as first line more fuscous ;

first line fuscous, from costa at beyond two-fifths to posterior margin at about (or

before) one-half, strongly dentate, the sharpest teeth on the veins and submedian

fold, pointing proximad; second line crenulate, 25 mm. from termen, nearly

parallel therewith, slightly incurved between R' and R* and in submedian area, in

? obseured by fuscous shading ; cell-spot weak; terminal line fuscous, thickening

between the veins; fringe whitish. Hindwing with SC?—R! connate; white

with a small dark cell-dot, feeble sinuous postmedian line and a fuscous terminal

shade, in the d 1:5 mm. broad, but in the 2 occupying half the wing, crossing the

postmedian line ; terminal line and fringe as on forewing.

Forewing beneath rather paler, almost unmarked, the postmedian indicated

by a dark spot on costa, accompanied distally by a pale one. Hindwing beneath

whiter than forewing, the cell-spot well marked, the postmedian and the terminal

shade indicated, the former accompanied proximally by a small fuscous costal

blotch.

Sherlock River, West Australia (BE. Clements). Type (¢) and paratype in

coll. Brit. Mus.

Evidently near dilutaria Warr.

5. Lissocraspeda pygmaea spec. nov.

3,20 mm. Head and palpus fuscous, more or less mixed with whitish, a

bar on forehead blacker, vertex more strongly mixed with white ; the strong frontal

prominence ending in two small pointed processes. Antennal pectinations long.

Thorax above fuscous, mixed with whitish ; abdomen paler, with narrow fuscous

belt at end of each segment. Legs mixed with fuscous and whitish.

Forewing fuscous, mixed with blackish, obscuring the markings ; antemedian

line blackish, only indicated as a short mark at about one-third costa; postmedian

blackish, slender, sinuous, at about 2 mm. from termen, thickest and most distinct

at costa, faintly traceable throughout, the inward curves between radials and in

posterior half; terminal line thick, black, interrapted. Hindwing white, dusted

with fuscous near termen, with two fuscous spots or beginnings of lines at distal

part of inner margin and a fuscous tornal blotch containing the darker beginning

of a third line ; an interrupted fuscous terminal line,

ie ae ee ee

bine...

wht

ome

( 391 )

Forewing beneath much paler, darkest at costa and apex, unmarked ; hindwing

white, with coarse fuscous speckling costally, terminal line as above.

Sherlock River, West Australia (EH. Clements). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.

6. Homospora lymantriodes spec. nov.

3,35 mm. Structure as in the type species (7odoscopa Lower), but SC" of

forewing anastomosing at a point with C, R? of hindwing more strongly approxt-

mated at its origin to R'; wing slightly broader (less elongate) than in the only

example of rhodoscopa before me. Head, body, and legs concolorous with wings,

only the abdomen dorsally with bright golden-brown patch on basal segments, as

in the type species.

Forewing very light, whitish brown with a tinge of fawn-colour, the costal

edge with some small fuscous dots; two lines and central shade strongly expressed,

fuscous ; first line from before one-third costa to one-third hind-margin rather

thick, excurved in cell, somewhat inangled on M and SM’; median shade thick,

placed very near second line ; second line from three-fourths costa to near tornus,

dentate outwards on all the veins, and very faintly incurved from R! to R* and

from M! to SM°. Hindwing whiter, with a weak postmedian line, accentuated

by darker vein-spots, a vague fawn-tinged band proximal to it and some shading

at apex.

Forewing beneath with first line obsolete, median shade faint, postmedian

moderately developed ; hindwing beneath not whiter than forewing.

Sherlock River, West Australia (E. Clements). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.

Texture and coloration somewhat recall some Lymantriids.

7. Onycodes leptoctenopsis spec. nov.

3,30 mm. Face crimson, mixed with fuscous, narrowly edged with fulvous

beneath. Palpus fulyous, mixed with crimson. Vertex and antennal shaft bright

fulvous or reddish fulvous. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings; pectus

and forecoxa somewhat hairy. Fore- and midfemur and midtibia mixed with

pink, foretibia and fore- and midtarsus fuscous above, both tibiae and tarsi with

yellow spots, on the latter at ends of joints.

Wings falvous-brown, with sparse dark dots and_ strigulae. Forewing

with costal edge narrowly bright fulvous, narrowly followed from base to perhaps

one-fourth by a delicate pinkish shade ; two small purplish-fuscous marks on costa,

much as in trawmataria, the first at two-fifths, somewhat rhomboidal, the second

(a flattened triangle) midway between this and apex; a purple-fuscous line, oblique

and slightly curved, from close before apex towards middle of posterior margin,

closely accompanied proximally by a ferruginous brown line, which runs to the

middle of the posterior margin and is continued (more overlaid with purplish)

on the hindwing ; some apical markings similar to those of ¢trawmataria, some

ferruginons to fuscous wedges distally to the oblique line between the radials and

anteriorly; fringe slightly darkened with ferruginous, purplish-fuscous at apex.

Hindwing without markings, except the line.

Underside fulvons without definite markings, a pinkish-white dash at apex

of forewing, succeeded by a vague, pale, fulvous-brown, oblique line to middle of

wing ; costal edge of forewing clear bright fulvous, the rest of the wing irrorated

with darker shades—dull reddish distally, brighter pink near posterior margin,

( 392 )

otherwise dull purplish-fuscons, posterior margin itself whitish; hindwing less

irrorated, but with similar shades.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type and three other

3¢ in coll. Rothschild.

The wings are less produced apically than in the type species, scarcely longer

than in the South American genus Leptoctenopsis, to which (e.g. to L. subpurpurea

Warr.) the new species bears a curious superficial resemblance. In the forewing SC*

anastomoses with SC‘, as is normal in this group ; in the hindwing SC? and R! are

well stalked. Hvidently variable; one specimen is of a lilacine colour, only

weakly mixed with fulvous, the postmedian line rather faint, the distal wedge-

marks large and very black.

8. Gerusia polydaedala spec. nov.

3,47 mm.; 2,56 mm. Face brown, narrowly whitish above and beneath.

Palpus varied olivaceous grey, red and fulvous. Vertex and antennal shaft fleshy

grey ; collar and extreme front of thorax dark olivaceous grey, somewhat mixed

with brown. Thorax and abdomen above pinkish grey, with a slight violaceous

tone and with a few dark atoms; thorax beneath very pale olivaceous grey ;

abdomen in $ very robust, beneath fulvous somewhat mixed with ferruginous.

Forecoxa, inner side of forefemur, middle- and hindfemora and tibiae fulvous,

spotted and blotched with red.

Wings in ¢ with termen irregularly crenulate, especially the hindwing, which

projects about R* and M! and bears the strongest tooth at R*; in ? almost entire-

margined, the forewing (as in ¢) with slight curved excision behind apex, then

strongly gibbous, hindwing only very weakly undulate. Forewing with SC!

anastomosing with C (at a point in d, rather strongly in ?); hindwing with C

in ¢ normal, in $ closely appressed to SC, but not anastomosing.

Coloration exceedingly variegated.—Vorewing with the prevailing tone fleshy-

or somewhat violet-grey, with some dark dusting (especially in the ¢), basally and

distally somewhat paler than in the intermediate area, in the ? (especially distally)

slightly more yellowish-tinged ; a small dark discal spot ; antemedian dark line

indented on SC and the submedian fold, excurved between, oblique outwards to

posterior margin (in ? nearly obsolete, excepting the posterior end); two thick,

ill-defined red-brown lines from costa, the first (median) starting at two-fifths,

running very obliquely to posterior angle of cell, here bent at a right-angle, but

becoming almost obsolete, vaguely traceable again as a blotch at posterior margin ;

postmedian starting similarly obliquely to R!, where it forms an acute angle,

becomes fine, black, and denticulate, and rons about parallel with termen as far

as submedian fold, finally again brown and ontbent to posterior margin ; in the

? only, an oblique line, black at first, then brown, rans from apex and closely

accompanies the postmedian distally ; apical region somewhat dark-clouded, a white

subapical spot between SC° and R}, in the d extended to costa near apex as

an interrupted white line, in the ? merely accompanied anteriorly by a minute

white dot; twin black subterminal spots on either side of R*. Hindwing still

more brightly variegated ; prevailing tone in the cell ochreous, somewhat marked

with reddish, a small blotch of the same on R* submarginally, and a paler one

near tornus ; between cell and SM? whitish, coarsely spotted with olive-grey ;

inner margin in $ reddish, in d whiter, in both marked with fuscous ; a small

dark cell-spot and two thick transverse lines of reddish-grey or olive-grey at equal

—~

( 393 )

distances proximally and distally to it, the latter in the 2 nearly lost in olive-grey

clonding which follows it, occupying much of the distal part of the wing; in the d

the grey clouding is chiefly confined to the tornal half of the area; apex and

extreme tornus mostly pinkish in the 2, pale in the d, distal area about the medians

rather violet-grey than olive-grey, and containing two small red-brown blotches

(large spots).

Under-surface with the colouring somewhat similarly arranged, but stronger

and brighter, the distal area of the hindwing in the ? largely, in the ¢ in tornal

half rufous ; both wings with small black sabmarginal spots on either side of R?

and hindwing with one between M? and submedian fold; ¢ forewing with the

pencil of dark hairs which characterises the typical section of Gerusia.

Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 3500 ft., November

1908—January 1909, ¢ (type) and in coll. Rothschild.

There is no room to doubt that these are sexes of a single species, but the

differences in shape, and especially in hindwing venation, are very curious and very

disturbing taxonomically. They render my sectional arrangement of the genus

(Gen. Ins. 104, p. 54) untenable, for the ¢ would fall into Section I., the ? into

Section I1I. The general coloration and effect of the upperside are remarkably

suggestive of the Australian excusata, which is intermediate in shape between

the sexes of polydaedala, has a less brightly coloured underside, and lacks the

pencil of hairs. The other Australian species, multicolora Lucas, is also near ;

in it and polydaedala—the only two of which I have seen the sex—the 2 has

shortly pectinate antenna and a stronger anastomosis of SC! of the forewing than

I indicated in my diagnosis ; but mdticolora is normal in the anastomosis of C

of the hindwing.

As ab. maculata ab. nov. I describe a form with a black blotch in the

submedian area of the forewing distally to the postmedian line. Mount Kebea,

British New Guinea, 3000 ft., July 1903 (A. E, Pratt) 2 do in coll. Bethune-

Baker. As these two entirely agree, and have also a slightly less brightly

variegated underside than the type form, it is just possible that they represent a

local race ; but the known inconstancy of these dark blotches, and especially

the exact analogy of the allied G. virescens Warr. and ab. viridimacula Warr.

(Nov. Zool. xiy. p. 120), render it most probable that they will prove to represent

an aberration only.

9. Sarcinodes subfulvida ab. flaviplaga ab nov.

3. Bright liver-coloured, but distinguished from the hitherto described forms

in haying a large patch of yellow occupying a great part of the distal half of

forewing ; this starts at the end of the cell, with an irregular proximal boundary

(encroached apon by the ground-colour in the posterior angle of cell) and extends,

in its longer measurement, from close to the apex to SM’; distally it projects

roundly into the ground-colour on the medians and just behind R*, and comes nearer

the termen (about 2-3 mm.) in anterior half, while it is almost connected between

the radials with a second, but less pure yellow terminal patch which extends from

RK to M'. Hindwing with ill-defined yellow patch in centre. Postmedian line in

both wings very fine and yellow, on forewing accompanied proximally by small

blackish vein-dots.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 8500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

(394 )

10. Corium iridoptera spec. nov.

3? 28-31 mm. Similar to Ayperphyes Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii.

p. 704, but smaller ; forewing similarly shaped, the apex acutely produced, hindwing

with termen more convex. Structure about as in hyperphyes, of which the British

Museum now possesses, in addition to the type, a ¢ and ¢ from Aberdare

Mountains, British Hast Africa (7000—8500 ft., 8. A. Neave). Antennal ciliation

in ¢ very short (less than one-half diameter of shaft) and even; ¢ hindtibia with

short hair-pencil from femoro-tibial joint ; ¢ abdomen basally clothed beneath

with strong brown hairs, which are not observable in hyperphyes.

Bluish white, with very strong iridescence ; discal and terminal dots small,

the latter in particular strikingly different from the large bold dots of hyperphyes ;

antemedian and postmedian series of dots rather weak, the postmedian less

incurved posteriorly than in hyperphyes and less prolonged into dashes ; costal

margin of forewing scarcely tinged with grey; terminal grey line (which in

hyperphyes thickens at the vein-ends) very fine and sometimes almost obsolete.

British Hast Africa, the ¢ (type) and 2 2% from N. Kavirondo, Nasiri Hills,

4800 ft., June 14, 1911 (S. A. Neave) in coll. Brit. Mus. A pair from south and

east slopes of Mount Kenya, 5000—7000 ft., February 8, 1911, are probably

conspecific, but measure 34-37 mm., and the ¢ abdomen beneath is dark-haired

throughout.

11. Callipotnia angulifera spec. nov.

32%,42-45 mm. Rather larger than multicolor Warr., Nov. Zool. vi. p. 323.

Forewing with distal margin slightly more oblique, the wing thus appearing

more pointed at apex ; colour somewhat warmer brown (especially in the ¢, which

at the same time is more sprinkled with fuscous), postmedian line uninterrupted,

usually rather more pointed (in multicolor rounded) at R*, from thence to posterior

margin forming a gentle, regular inward curve ; its colour deeper, more ferruginous,

accompanied distally by a fine yellowish line; no round dark spot on posterior

margin. Hindwing also with a continuous, similarly coloured and similarly

accompanied postmedian, which is right-angled on R*, thence nearly straight in

both directions.

Under-surface dull reddish, strongly suffused with olive-grey, thus much more

sombre than in multicolor ; markings obsolete excepting a discal spot and post-

median line, the latter on forewing much less projecting in middle, on hindwing

more angled in middle, than in mz/ticolor ; 3 hair-tuft coloured as in multicolor.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek), Type (d) in coll. Rothschild. Also a

pair from the Upper Setekwa River, in the same district, 2000—3000 ft.

August 1910, in coll. Rothschild.

12. Celerena remutata spec. nov.

?,62 mm. Probably related to mutata Walk., List Lep. Brit. Mus, xxxi.

p. 167, but with the dark border of both wings reduced to about the extent of that

of mitis Warr., the oblique dark band from midcosta of forewing uot joining the

border near tornus but separated by a small space of the ground-colour as in

triflaca Warr. From both mitis and trifava, remutata differs in the rather less

deep golden ground-colour and less black borders (varied with grey as in mutata, ete.)

———

_—

eh i i ii

( 395 )

with less crenulate proximal edze ; from the former also in the separation of central

band from tornus, and from the latter in the absence of subapical yellow patch.

Mount Kebea, British New Guinea, 3000 ft. July 1903 (A. E. Pratt). Type

in coll. Brit. Mus.

Cartaletis Warr.

My division of this genus into sections (Gen. Ins. 104, pp. 100-101) is not quite

eorrect. “ Section I1.—Build slender,” etc., should stand at the top of p. 101 ; fordbesi

and concolor, which Warren placed in Cartaletis, certainly belong to his Leptaletis,

i.e. the slender section. Indeed Butler’s type of variabilis (the name-type of

Leptaletis) seems conspecific with concolor ; the ampliflava forms may possibly

represent a separate species, and so may the redder fordesi Druce, but material

which is accumulating seems to indicate that we are dealing with one polymorphic

species, as is also believed to be the case with C. libyssa = montetronis = ethelinda.

13. Cartaletis libyssa euparypha subsp. nov.

3?,60-66 mm. Slightly larger than the typical eastern race, somewhat

brighter fulvous (less reddish), the white spots on the thorax more strongly

developed, marginal band of forewing somewhat differently shaped, its proximal

edge being more strongly curved or even bent in the middle; submarginal spots of

both wings purer, less creamy white, the subapical of forewing narrower, one or

two additional spots behind M?, the entire series on the hindwing larger than in

the type form.

Congo, without more exact locality. Type (¢) and paratype in coll.

Brit. Mus.

14. Paraptychodes perfulva spec. nov.

3, 33 mm. Differs from the type species (tenwis Butl.) in having the

subapical blotch of the forewing fulvous, not white. The yellowish-fulvous face has a

larger and deeper black spot on the upper part than in any specimen of tenuis

before me ; the abdomen is as bright fulvous as the wings, not more whitish, as is

usually the case in ¢enuis. Wings narrow, hindwing with a strong inner-marginal

fold, reaching nearly to M and M?, and mixed with black on the upper surface.

Unfortunately I am only able to compare ? % of the type species.

Witn, British East Africa, February 28, 1912 (S. A. Neave). Type in coll.

Brit. Mus.

A ? much larger (54 mm.) from Mozambique (coll. Brit. Mus. ex coll.

Distant) agrees in the fulvous subapical patch, but differs in that this reaches the

costal margin, the narrow black costal edging of the forewing failing entirely,

though there is a small black mark at base and another at before one-third, and the

hindwing has a complete, though rather narrow, black distal border, into which

the ground-colour projects somewhat between the veins; upper part of face

not black.

15. Paraptychodes costimaculata spec. nov.

?,61 mm. Head fulvous, with a broad black band across upper part of face

and a large black spot in middle of vertex. Palpus black, first and second joints

fnlyous beneath. Antenna thick, black, closely lamellate, without the short

pectinations of tenuis. Thorax fulvous, broadly black mediodorsally and mixed

with black beneath. Abdomen fulyous above, whitish yeilow beneath ; belted with

black at ends of segments.

( 396 )

Wings fulvous. Forewing marked with black at the extreme base and

along costa for 2 or 3 mm.; a black spot extending 2 or 3 mm. on costa at nearly

one-third ; a black apical patch of about the same extent as in ¢enwis, containing a

more extended and irregular white patch than that species, the black remaining

only as: a broad oblique band from costal margin half-way to posterior margin,

constricted at end of cell by a triangular encroachment of the ground-colour, a

moderate apical patch continued to beyond M? as a rather narrow distal band, and

a projecting prong from this latter along M' to near the costal band. Hindwing

with a narrow black border, broadest at apex, its posterior half consisting of three

large, somewhat round-edged blotches whose centres lie on veins R’, M! and M?,

and which are only very narrowly connected on the margin itself.

Under-surface the same.

Ndzooimi, Lagos district, Southern Nigeria, June 10, 1911 (W. A. Lamborn).

Type in coll. Oxford Musenm.

Colour and structure (except antenna) as in the East African tenuis Butl. ;

a pair of short median spurs present on the hindtibia.

16. Ergavia costimaculata spec. nov.

3, 50 mm. Antenna pectinate, the branches very short—only about the

length of diameter of shaft. Hindtibia with a single spur. Forewing without

areole, both wings with DOC* strongly incurved, M! separate. Head, body and

wings light wood-brown, marked with dark reddish-brown. Face, palpus, antennal

shaft and dorsum of abdomen coarsely spotted ; vertex, thorax and wings clearer,

except front of thorax, which is wholly dark.

Forewing with the usual raised black cell-mark; a large costal blotch at base,

reaching nearly to first line, a triangular one from first line to cell-spot and a

smaller subapical ; lines black, the first from costa beyond one-fourth, forming

a very strong outward curve in cell, and a strong outward angle on SM’, thick

from costa to mid-cell, thick-spotted at base of M?, in fold and on SM’, otherwise

very indistinct ; second line weak in parts, starting from a blackish spot on costa,

following about the same course as in most of the genus, thick on most of the

veins ; subterminal line pale, dentate, extremely indistinct except against the

subapical blotch, on either side of R?, where it is accompanied proximally and

distally by dark spots, and behind M?, where it is similarly accompanied ; termen

with large dark dots between the veins; fringe irregularly dark-spotted.

Hindwing with the raised discal mark black; the black postdiscal line stronger

than on forewing, with slight tooth outward on C, two stronger, even ones on SC?

and R?, a regular sinus between the radials and blunt teeth at R* and M! ; traces of

a much weaker, irregular, diffuse brown line nearer base, crossing end of cell ; the

area between the two lines, except costally, filled up with red-brown; some dark

spots proximally to the very faint subterminal line in costal half of wing and

between M? and margin.

Underside of forewing suffused with reddish, postdiscal line of both wings

traceable, chiefly by dark vein-dots, that of forewing distinct from M? to margin ;

both wings with small black cell-mark and with the subterminal blotches present.

Allianca, below S. Antonio, Rio Madeira, November—December 1907 (W.

Hofmanns). Type in coll. Rothschild.

Like drucei Schaus, but with pectinations less than half the length.

——

2% lchihtideih hie aoe a ee ——

ae ee

( 397 )

Supramiry HEMITHEINAE.

17. Pingasa multispurcata spec. nov.

?, 36-39 mm. Face broadly black above, narrowly whitish below. Palpus

two and a half times diameter of eye, pale, dark-mixed above. Thorax and abdomen

concolorous with wings. Foreleg strongly, middle and hindleg slightly fuscons

‘above, with the ends of the joints remaining pale.

Wings above similarly coloured to fephrosiaria Guen., but much more heavily

dark-sprinkled, antemedian line much less strongly outcurved, postmedian less

deeply dentate. Hindwing with the raised scales almost wanting.

Under-surface white, slightly more dusted than in ¢ephrosiaria, the discal

marks, at least on forewing, strong, subterminal band on both wings narrow, not

connected with termen by dark shading between the radials; on forewing con-

tintous or nearly so, constricted or slightly interrupted at the veins, on hindwing

much narrowed or interrapted at costa and about R*—M!, broadened between

the radials.

Rawal Pindi (type), Campbellpur, July 25, 1886 (paratype), both in coll.

Brit. Mus.

A distinct little species, hitherto apparently overlooked. Although both

examples are in good condition they show scarcely a trace of the tufts of raised

scales on the hindwing, but they are in every other respect absolutely typical

Pingasa.

18. Pingasa alba brunnescens subsp. nov.

Differs trom the type form (Pingasa alba Swinh., Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1891,

p. 491) in having the upper surface coarsely sprinkled throughout with light

ochreous-browuish ; postmedian line rather thick, intensely black. On the under

surface the postmedian is also discernible, blackish, the broad band which follows

it usually more tinged with brownish or smoky, hence distinctly differentiable, only

in the pair in coll. Wileman merged with the line.

Gifu, 1886, 2 dd 2 % (ex coll. Pryer); Ningpo, July 1886, 1 ; all in coll.

Brit. Mus. Himi (?), Lyo, June 29, 1896, 1 ¢ 1 & in coll. Wileman.

This is the Pseudoterpna alba of Leech (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. p, 228),

bat although both he and I (Se/tz Macrolep. iv. p. 10) noticed the colour variation,

it has not yet been registered as a subspecies. After examining all the material

accessible to me I am, however, convinced that the differences are constant.

Some examples (chiefly ?) are more darkened than others, the Ningpo and Tyo

examples in particular, ‘ihe latter two have the band beneath very broad and

black, almost reaching the termen.

19, Pingasa nobilis spec. nov.

3,56mm. Face ochreous, withont dark bar above. Palpus paler, beneath

white, proportions as in ruginaria Guen. Vertex white tinged with grey. Thorax

white, above tinged with grey ; abdomen white, dorsally sprinkled with ochreous,

crests small, slightly ochreous, minutely black on either side, anal tuft and tuft

at base of abdomen beneath ochreous. Hindtibia strongly dilated, without terminal

process, tarsus barely over three-fifths tibia,

Wings shaped as in ruginaria, white, somewhat purer than in that species ; the

Speckling mostly grey, mixed with red at inner margin of hindwing. Fore-

wing With first line blackish, at costa thick, deep velvety black, its course as in

(398 )

the allies, the angle on submedian fold acute; discal mark normal, elongate ;

both wings with postmedian line formed about as in 7%fofasciata Moore, but

thicker, distal area deep purple-grey, as in the darkest ruginaria, leaving a white

midterminal blotch on both wings.

Under-surface nearly as in ruginaria, the basal yellow shading more restricted,

on forewing slight except along costal margin.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild. Also Haidana,

Collingwood Bay, April 1907, and a short series from Kumasi River, British

New Guinea, at low elevation, May, August and September 1907, all in coll.

Rothschild.

Differs from chlora, ruginaria, ete., in the more ochreous, not black-banded

face, and in having the postmedian line neither deeply dentate nor in its middle

outeurved. In all these respects nearest the Assam form of 7w/fofasciata Moore,

which is smaller, the darker borders of a totally different colouring, the underside

with more yellow, ete. The teeth in the postmedian line are moreover really

more intermediate towards those of chlora, and that on SM? of the forewing is

rather pronounced.

20. Pingasa victoria spec. nov.

2, 46-47 mm. Shape and structure of ch/ora Cram. (palpus 3°5 mm. long,

third joint fully 1:5 mm.). Face black in upper half, whitish ochreous in lower.

Palpus white beneath, more tinged with ochreous above. Vertex, thorax and

abdomen concolorous with wings. Fore- and middle-legs blackish above and on

inner side, spotted with white at the ends of the joints.

Wings coloured as in the coldest (least red-mixed) chlora; lines rather

fine, grey-blackish, on forewing arising from deep black costal spots ; first (on

forewing only) at 55 mm. from base, only very gently outcurved in cell and

submedian area; postmedian of forewing from costa at 12 mm., running somewhat

outwards to R? 5 mm, from termen, the tooth on R! slight, that on R? extremely

slight or wanting, teeth on R* and M!' equidistant from termen, those of M? and

SM? slichtly farther from it (a very slight proximal curve of the line in its posterior

part); postmedian of hindwing approximately parallel with termen, except near

apex, the teeth quite moderate, the proximal curve between the radials slighter than

in chlora, the tooth on R? minute or wanting. ;

Under-surface white, both wings with rather narrow black distal band, that of

forewing leaving a white spot at apex aud white band from R and not quite reach-

ing posterior margin; that of hindwing leaving narrow, irregular marginal band,

nearly or quite interrupted by the black about R*; forewing with small black cell-

mark, hindwing without.

Victoria Falls, Rhodesia, February 16, 1911 (L. A. Sabine). Type in coll.

L. B. Prout. A second example from Barberton, Transvaal (L, de Beer) in coll.

A. J. T. Janse, Pretoria.

Distinguished by the little ontcurved antemedian line and the outward sweep

in the middle of the postmedian of the forewing.

21. Hypodoxa fulgurea spec. noy.

32, 46-54 mm. Face olivaceous ochreous, darker mixed below. Palpus

mixed olivaceous and fuscous above, reddish mixed with white beneath, Thorax

( 399 )

and abdomen above concolorous with wings, beneath (and on sides of abdomen)

bright golden yellow, the breast pink.

Wings very varied with pink, white and blue-grey scales, and in places with

olive-ochreous ; lines and some costal spotting on forewing black. Forewing with

a line close to base, obsolete costally, outangled on M and SM?; antemedian from

two-sevenths costa to near one-third of posterior margin, indented on veins,

excurved between ; postmedian from nearly two-thirds costa to beyond middle of

posterior margin, commencing about vertically, very gently incurved between the

radials, markedly toothed on R* and M?, then retracted basewards but with a

further tooth on M?, approximately parallel with antemedian (3—4 mm. distant

from it) from behind M? to posterior margin; discal mark elongate, ill-defined ;

subterminal line whitish, consisting of a series of long teeth ; terminal line black,

slightly interrupted anteriorly ; between the basal and antemedian lines there is an

ill-defined whitish band; proximally to the antemedian and distally to the post-

median (especially in the ¢@) narrow, ill-defined olive-ochreous bands, and some

similar shading appears in the distal area, especially in the middle. Hindwing

with the postmedian, subterminal and terminal lines, the first-named narrowly

followed by zwArtish ; distal area as on forewing ; tufts of raised scales mostly dark

grey ; abdominal margin and its fringe bright golden yellow.

Underside of forewing mostly pink in proximal half, costally olive-ochreous or

bright yellow, a large roundish black discal spot, followed by a small white patch ;

a velvety blackish, violet-mixed distal band, leaving free a small pale apical space.

Hindwing beneath bright golden yellow in proximal half, then narrowly white,

distally broadly blackish, less intense and more mixed with violet terminally.

The sole ? before me, besides its larger size, is characterised by a much

stronger admixture of blue-grey above (here almost black), especially between

postmedian line and termen, though leaving on forewing a pale apical patch.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October— December 1910 (A. 8S. Meek). Type 3 and a $ in coll, Rothschild, Also

a 3d from the Upper Setekwa River, September 1910, in coll. Rothschild, and one

from Mount Kebea, British New Guinea, 3600 ft., July 1903, in coll. Bethune-

Baker.

Resembles the purpurifera form of emiliaria Guen, ; termen of forewing

slightly more oblique, under-surface of forewing with the purple mostly replaced by

pink, the subcostal yellow colouring restricted ; under-surface of hindwing without

discal spot, the yellow generally restricted, a better developed white band inter-

vening before the black border.

22. Hypodoxa multicolor ab. circumsepta ab. nov.

%. Differs from Warren’s type (Nov. Zool. vi. p. 17) in having the ground-

colour slightly paler, the forewing beyond the postmedian line and nearly the

whole of the hindwing suffused with dark purple-brown or red-brown ; on the

forewing a patch at apex, one on mid-termen and a small one at tornus remain of

the ground-colour ; on the hindwing one at mid-termen and a smaller one at tornus,

also a part of the patch of raised scales.

Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Datch New Guinea, 3500 ft.,

November 1908—January 1909 (type); near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains,

Datch New Guinea, October—December 1910; both in coll, Rothschild,

( 400 )

Probably only a recurrent aberration, as I have seen virtually typical mz/t?-

color 3 from the Ninay Valley, but possibly a prevailing race in Dutch New

Guinea,

23. Hypodoxa leprosa incarnata subsp. nov.

3%. Differs from typical leprosa Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 124) in the 2? being

entirely deprived of green coloration. The paler parts (subbasal and median areas

of forewing and parts of the distal area of both wings) are of the same pinkish

white shade (* pinkish ochreous ” of Warren’s description) as the costal half of the

median area of the hindwing. The blackish band-like markings proximally to

the first line and distally to the second look rather more purple and less heavy

than in the type form, Under-surface of forewing rather brighter pink than in

the type form, the distal blackish area not quite so broad. The colour of the head

and body is similarly changed, the face pinkish above, bright orange below, not

crossed, as in leprosa leprosa, by a blackish bar.

The ¢ differs much Jess from the type form, preserving a general green tone

though much more mixed with pink; face with traces of a rufous bar in the position

occupied by the blackish bar of the type form ; the dark markings heavier than

in the 3 leprosa leprosa, the pale patch in the hindwing of ? leprosa leprosa also

suggested,

Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A.S. Meek). Type (2) and paratypes (1 d,

222) in coll. Rothschild, the ? 2 quite uniform in appearance.

24. Hypodoxa lichenosa rufomixta subsp. noy.

3%. Both sexes more mixed with rufous than in typical Uichenosa Warr.

(Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 124). In the d this rufous admixture is most apparent in the

median area: longitudinal clouds, on the forewing across the cell-spot and

posteriorly to vein M, on the hindwing across cell-spot. In addition all the

purple-fuscous marks are intensified and slightly sprinkled with rufous, and there

is a more distinet whitish-green line or narrow shade distally to the postmedian.

In the median area of the hindwing of the ? (which, as in the type form, is broadly

hoary) the increase of rufous is very apparent (excepting a narrow hoary band

proximally to the raised scales), also in a subbasal band of the forewing, as well

as a brightening of the ordinary dark markings. Underside nearly as in the type

form, but without yellow admixture at base and abdominal margin of hindwing.

Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), type (¢) in coll. Rothschild.

The ? (slightly worn) is from the same locality in January.

25. Hypodoxa ruptilinea spec. noy.

9,55 mm, Head and palpus ochreous, tinged with greenish, face mixed with

red-brown and fuscons scales. Antenna ochreous to beyond one-fourth, Thorax

above red-brown varied with olive, in front chiefly olive and whitish, ends of

tegulae mostly olive; beneath mostly greenish ochreous. Abdomen above red-

brown, mixed with white and varied in places with olive; beneath paler. Legs

tinged with fuscous, especially inner side of foreleg ; foretibia above bright

ochreous ; all femora strongly haired.

Forewing with termen becoming strongly oblique, the wing thus appearing

somewhat more elongate and narrower than in the allies ; colours very varied,

( 401 )

predominantly red-brown, mixed in places with olive ; costal margin broadly olive,

black-spotted, narrowing distally; extreme base mostly white; some subbasal

whitish blotches between the veins; median area mostly white, speckled with

red-brown and with large red-brown discal spot ; lines darker red-brown, the first

from costa at one-fourth, with bilobed distad projection in cell and single pro-

jections behind M and SM’; second from costa at five-eighths, strongly oblique

outwards to R%, then parallel with termen, dentate on the veins, especially R*, M!

and SM? ; subterminal line thick, white, dentate, bent basewards behind R', almost

interrapted on R*, which is here olive-shaded, behind this vein again as near

termen as at R’, then slightly incurved behind M?; a black blotch proximally to

the subterminal between R* and M?, an olive one distally between the radials ;

terminal line thick, black, strongly interrupted at veins; fringe grey, bisected by

a thick blackish line. Hindwing with the principal tuft of raised scales long,

eyen-margined, white at its base, tips reaching to end of cell, under them some

blackish shading ; a postmedian dark line starting from costa opposite subterminal

of forewing, lunulate-dentate to R}, straight to R* in middle of wing, there bent

distad and slightly interrupted, then again straight, slightly curved distad at

abdominal margin; a thick white line accompanies this line distally, and beyond

it there is some black shading, especially in abdominal half of wing ; subterminal

line strongly zigzag at first and rather ill-defined, from R* white and formed

nearly as on forewing ; terminal line less interrupted than on forewing ; fringe as

that of forewing.

Under-surface whitish suffused with grey; hoth wings with very broad black

band in distal half, shading off somewhat lighter to the termen itself; base of

both wings suffused with ochreous yellow, extending irregularly along the veins;

forewing with large oval black cell-spot, hindwing with discocellulars weakly

marked with grey, somewhat as in muscosaria Guen.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

Readily distinguished by the shape of the postmedian and good development

of the subterminal line, the long and regular hair-scales of the hindwing and other

characters, as well as by the shape. Third joint of palpus rather shorter than in

most of the species. In the forewing SC! is connected with C by a moderate,

oblique bar, and R® arises from near R'. The broad black border of forewing

beneath shows no trace of the white spots which are conspicuous in most of the

species; the comparative dulness of the underside recalls muscosaria almost as

much as the emliaria group; viridicoma Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi, p. 18), from the

Solomons, is near it in the postmedian line, etc., but of a quite different colour,

with emiliaria-like underside, longer third joint of palpus, and longer hindwing,

26, Aeolochroma intima spec. nov.

3,50 mm.; %, 54-58 mm, Structure, shape and general facies of the a/di-

Susaria-turnert group, the typical section of Aeolochroma, Face in upper half

yellow-green, narrowly red-brown above ; in lower half red-brown, very narrowly

whitish green below. Palpus red-brown, paler beneath, Head green, slightly

mixed with whitish and with red-brown. Antennal shaft red=brown, fascicles of

cilia in dg about as long as its diameter, Thorax green, patagia red-brown, slightly

yariegated with whitish and sometimes with green, Abdomen above varied reds

( 402 )

brown and green, usually with some purple-fuscous spots; crests green. Under-

side of body and legs paler, more ochreous, foreleg and (more slightly) middle-leg

marked with red-brown.

Wings green, in ¢ moderately, in ¢ very strongly blotched with purple-fuscous.

Forewing with costal edge mostly purple-fuscons, interrupted with pale green

or whitish at origin of all three lines and from the subterminal almost to apex ;

lines pale green or whitish, often interrapted in parts by the dark blotching, or

indistinct in parts through being scarcely differentiated from the ground-colour ;

antemedian from about one-fourth costa, angled on C, strongly (rather longer than

in turneri, prasina, ete.) oblique distad half-way to cell-spot, then falling nearly

perpendicularly on posterior margin, rather evenly dentate ; postmedian nearly

as in prasina, but rather more strongly dentate still, and more nearly perpendicular

in its posterior course, the enclosed central area rather broader, especially posteriorly ;

subterminal forming a white or whitish V close to costa, scarcely traceable beyond;

the purple-fuscous clonding consists of: a basal patch, projecting posteriorly to cell ;

an interrupted narrow band (at least between M and SM?) proximally to first line ;

a line, bar or band distally to first line, occasionally complete, usually interrupted in

anterior part of cell; a line proximally to postmedian, occasionally interrupted near

costa, always filled up with a proximal blotch between R! and M’, and usually (in

varying intensity) one between M? and posterior margin; a cell-mark (in ? large;

a small costal patch anteriorly to the subterminal ; a thick curved line or band from

posterior margin close to tornus, touching the postmedian at M'—R?, joining an

irregular patch which runs between the radials (in 2 sometimes continued to SC*) ;

in 9 almost the entire area between this curved band and the termen is filled up

with the purple-fuscous colour, leaving only a small green terminal spot between

R? and M'; a thick terminal line and more or less strong blotches in fringe.

Hindwing with white or pale dentate postmedian line, purple-fuscous-margined

proximally; purple-fuscous shading costally ; purple-fuscous blotches proximally

to the vague subterminal, placed at costa, between radials, and between M? and

abdominal margin ; in ? almost the entire basal area as far as postmedian line

purple-fuscous and the subterminal blotches much extended, connected but leaving

at least a green spot between R' and M', as on forewing ; cell-spot present, rather

obscured in the ? by the dark surroundings.

Underside of both wings pale ochreous to beyond one-half, bounded by a thick

red line, which is slightly or moderately outbent in middle on the forewing and

always outangled on or just behind M! on the hindwing ; followed narrowly and

interruptedly on forewing, broadly on hindwing, by a white band ; distal area mostly

reddish, duller terminally, enclosing a pale spot at apex and a white one between R*

and M'; cell-spots smaller than above, that of forewing followed as far as the red

line by an ill-defined whitish patch,

Mount Goliath, Jannary—February 1911 (A.8, Meek) 2 dd, 3 22% in coll.

Rothschild, the type (¢) February.

Very near to—perhaps a race of—albifusaria Walk. (List Lep. Brit. Mus. xxxv.

p- 1589), which I cannot compare side by side. As in that species there is a reddish

spot at tornus of forewing ; usually also (especially in the d) there is some whitish

shading beyond the discal spot of the forewing above as well as beneath. The

variable purple-fyscous blotching of the central area of the forewing often absorbs

it almost entirely from posterior margin to M!, and in one ¢ joins the proximal dark

band behind cel], here obliterating the antemedian line.

( 403 )

27. Aeolochroma bakeri spec. noy.

3,34 mm. Face fuscous with a broad white bar across forehead (containing a

small fuscous mark at upper edge) and a narrow one at lower extremity. Palpus

fuscous above and on outer side, pale ochreous beneath, Vertex greenish ochreous.

Antenna shortly and evenly ciliated (the cilia not disposed in fascicles as in the typical

species). Thorax green ; patagia very variegated, roughly in bands of green, white,

black, red, and again at the tips white. Abdomen ochreous tinged with green.

Forewing with termen slightly more crenulate than in prasina Warr. (Nov.

Zool. iii. p. 282), more definitely bent at R*; coloration somewhat as in prasina, the

dark shades deeper and richer ; basal patch broken and ill-defined, bright ochreous

mixed with reddish and black, the strongest projection behind cell ; median area

even broader costally than in prasina, the two starting from enlarged black costal

spots ; anteriorly this area is of the ground-colour, the dark shade being confined to

the posterior half and some projections anteriorly beside the lines; proximal dark

shade of the subterminal interrupted, but strongly diffused proximally in posterior

half of wing, nearly meeting the second line ; the pale patch from secoud line to

termen between R* and M! (indicated in many of the genus) extremely conspicuous;

terminal dark line thick. Hindwing as far as the postmedian (which is scarcely

dentate) strongly shaded with the dark colour, but with a quadrate whitish mark

behind the cell-spot, much as in amethystina ; pale subterminal broad, well developed

from R? almost to inner margin, its dark proximal shading strong.

Underside similar to that of 7xt/ma, the ochreous parts coarsely though sparsely

speckled with fuscous, the forewing less variegated, without definite red line, hind-

wing with the line less red (more fuscous), thicker, roundly bent, not angled, a large

dark discal spot present, distal area more fuscous.

Dinawa, British New Guinea, 4000 ft., August 1902 (A. E. Pratt), Type in

coll. Bethune-Baker.

28. Aeolochroma amethystina (Warr.).

Of this species Warren (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 123) knew the 3 only, described from

Biagi. I have recently seen 3 dd, 2 2? from Mount Goliath, January—February

1911. The ¢ possibly shows indications of belonging to a different race from

Warren’s, the green colour above beingr..ther more restricted, the hindwing beneath

paler, especially the subterminal and terminal bands, but the differences are so very

slight that I abstain from imposing a subspecific name. The ¢ antenna of this

species is only very minutely ciliated, without the fascicles of the typical group ;

termen of both wings slightly more markedly crenulate.

2.62 mm. Larger than the J, of a paler, more reddish purple, the darker

shading distally to the first line and proximally to the second scarcely appreciable ;

the lines themselves broader, especially at the margins; the white discal spots

greenish, that of forewing joined with a broad irregular green patch from costa ;

green shading between costa and SC anteriorly to this patch ; a green costal patch

from apex to subterminal; a small green terminal spot between R* and M!,

Hindwing also with cell-spot indistinct and green, a very small green terminal spot

between R® and M?. Underside with the red parts much less bright, forewing with

the white apical patch obsolete, the discal spot and green costal patch adjoining it

nearly as above, some strong black subterminal and terminal markings. Hiodwing

with similar black markings, in one example weaker,

( 404 )

). Metallolophia arenaria (Leech).

Leech’s very faded type, a ¢ from Kiukiang (Zr. Ent. Soc. London, 1889,

p. 144) has long remained unique. Recently, however, the British Museum has

acquired a beautiful ¢ from Maymyo, Burma, April 1912 (I. M. Mackwood), which

must be a form of this species, although the first line of forewing falls almost

vertically on hindmargin, while in Leech’s type it is here markedly oblique inwards,

Otherwise the differences are only such as are explainable by the condition. Lines

on forewing and at costal margin of forewing blackish, the whole hindwing strongly

sprinkled with dark parple; the markings on the underside, though identical, show

up more strongly in dark purple, especially an interrupted distal band. The face,

front of thorax and base of forewing look brighter (redder). The ¢ characters are

not typical; antenna with short stout pectinations, about as long as diameter of

shaft ; hindtibia dilated, with hair-pencil.

Crypsiphona Meyr.

The larva, of which I failed to find any account (see Gen. Ins. 129 p. 44), is

described (without a name) by Brittlebank (Viet. Nat. v. p. 116), and is figured and

described by Anderson (‘bid. ix. p. 89). It seems to be related to that of Terpna

(Hypobapta) percomptaria Guen., which I strongly suspect—in spite of the paucity

of good imaginal characters—is entirely distinct generically from the Indian

Terpna. :

30. Oenochlora imperialis majestica subsp. nov.

Differs from the typical (Australian) form in several particulars, although

none are very momentous.

Parple-fuscous dusting stronger and coarser, especially in proximal area —-

Forewing with costal part of antemedian line strong, postmedian not parallel.

with termen, but more nearly with antemedian, its costal one-fourth obsolete.

Hindwing with salmon-coloured and rose-coloured costal clouding brighter, wedian

line thick, mixed with rosy, expanding between R! and R*, Underside with the

purple bands broadened, hindwing without discal mark. All the “ whitish ochreous”

parts of the Australian form (see Turner’s description, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales

xxxy. p. 644) are here deep, bright ochreous,

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ie

October—December 1910 (A, S, Meek); a few dd in coll. Rothschild, qui

uniform,

31. Agathia defecta spec. nov.

2,48 mm. Face, palpus, and antenna pinkish brown, lower part of face and

underside of palpus and of clavola almost white. Vertex pinkish brown, occiput

green, Thorax and abdomen above pinkish brown, base of tegulae green ; abdomen

with very slender erect crests. Underside of body whitish. Legs whitish, foreleg

browner on inner side, :

Wings shaped about as in pisina Butl. 2, or with the termen of forewing

slightly more convex —a little recalling that of Adloeopage cinerea Warr. ; venation

normal. Predominantly pinkish brown, costal margin of forewing rather paler,

the bright yellow-green ground-colour reduced to the following patches:

Forewing: a broad subbasal band, immediately following the usnal basal

brown patch (which is here slightly larger and more convex-margined than in

( 405 )

most of the genus), 5 mm. wide in cell, 2 mm. anteriorly (and not quite reaching

costa), about 4 mm. posteriorly ; an oval subterminal patch between SC* and R?,

its longitudinal measurement somewhat exceeding the transverse; a very small

spot anteriorly and another posteriorly to this patch———Hindwing: a rather

more extended subbasal patch, reaching the costal margin and nearly reaching

base and abdominal margin, its distal edge projecting costally, behind R? and

behind M’ ; a narrow subterminal patch from R! to just behind R?; a very small

spot anteriorly to this patch ; a speck on submedian fold about midway between

snbbasal patch and termen. Both wings with a pale line at base of fringe. The

usual dark red terminal markings on either side of the tail of hindwing discernible

but not-at all conspicuous.

Under-surface dirty white-yellow with a faint tinge of green, forewing with

a pink suffusion posteriorly to cell, reaching from SC to submedian fold, a broad,

irregular, deeper pink band beyond it from costa to tornus, a round grey apical

spot and lighter grey terminal suffusion ; hindwing with an equally broad post-

median pink band and some extremely narrow grey terminal shading.

Mount Goliath, March 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

I know no Agathia species with which to compare this; the strong restriction

of the green coloration a little recalls Adloeopage cinerea Warr.

32. Agathia laetata (I.).

I referred here (Gen. Ins. 129, p. 58), but doubtfully on account of the reputed

locality, the Phalaena zonaria of Donovan’s Insects of China, suggesting at the

same time as a possible alternative that the last-named might be a remarkable

laetata-like aberration of carissima Butl. I find that Pryer (Trans. As. Soc.

Japan xii. p. 59) thinks zonaria = carissima, but probably he was only acquainted

‘with the single Japanese species of the genus (cavissima), so that his opinion does

not really add appreciably to the elucidation of the question, especially as nearly

all the members of the /aefata group are so closely related that Hampson

(Faun. Ind. Moths, iii. p. 487) and Turner (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxxv.

627) have made a clean sweep of them as synonyms, or at the utmost subspecies.

Alloeopage gen. nov.

When I wrote my revision I had seen so little material in the genus Helicopage

and was so much in the dark regarding cinerea Warr. and velata Warr. that I did

not venture to remove them from /edicopage, where they had been provisionally

located by Warren, merely indicating the probability of a distinct genus. I have

since satisfied myself that he was right (Nov. Zool. vi. p. 330) in placing them

together as sexes of a single species (though he then overlooked his own older

name of “ Agathia cinerea,” imposed on the ? three years earlier), and that the

unique venation is constant. The d retinaculum also, though strong, has not

the characteristic form of /elicopage. 1 give the characters of the new genus

as follows :

Palpus with second joint reaching a little beyond frons, shortly rough-scaled

above and moderately beneath ; third joint smooth, in ¢ rather long, in % long.

Antennae in d shortly pectinate. Pectus hairy, Femora somewhat hairy. Hind-

tibia in ¢ somewhat dilated, with hair-pencil ; in both sexes with all spurs.

‘Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in both sexes fully developed. Wing-shape

( 406 )

nearly as in //elicopage, but with the termen much more weakly crenulate-—

Forewing with cell less than one-half, DC moderately to rather strongly incurved

(but less extremely oblique posteriorly than in /elicopage), SC’ long-stalked, their

stalk approaching or anastomosing with (,SC? sometimes anastomosing with SC*",

R! separate, M' separate. Hindwing with C shortly and closely appressed to

cell near base, often with a point of anastomosis, then very strongly diverging,

DC ineurved, becoming strongly oblique, SC? separate, R? from well above middle

of DC but not extreme, M! separate.

Type of the genus: Adloeopage cinerea (Warr.) = Agathia cinerea Warr. (%)

= Helicopage velata Warr. (3).

In my Key to the Genera, Alloeopage can be conveniently placed at the

very beginning of Group IV.:

Forewing with SC? stalked with SC! . ape : : . Alloeopage.

Forewing with SC? stalked with SC?” : : 3 , ; the rest.

33. Aracima serrata Wileman.

The type is a 2, not d as given in the description (nt. xliv. p. 271). The

frennlam is singularly weak, and unless it is damaged the species can hardly

remain in Aracima, though all other characters agree.

Anisozyga Prout.

In this rather extensive genus I allowed a few species to remain which onght

to have been removed. My sole excuse is that, with such an enormous number

of Hemitheine species to examine in a limited time, I ventured to trast some

plausible-looking placings in Anisozyga (Anisogamia Warr., nom, praeoce.) without

examining all the characters so carefully as was always done where there seemed

more likelihood of error or doubt. Nos. 23, 27, 28, 34, 35, and 36, having glabrous

femora and wanting the ? frenulam and ¢ hindtibial process, are manifestly

out of place in Anisozyga and even in Group IV. On No. 28, datis Warr., see

Oxychora, infra. No. 36, triseriata Warr., sinks as a synonym to Prasinocyma

nivisparsa Butl.; coerulea Warr. is a Gelasma, in so far as that genus differs

from Prasinocyma, which is little more than a matter of shape; aldiseriata

Warr. must be called a Prasinocyma, but is likely related, in its very slender,

elongate palpus, ete., to the group of small species (virédaurea, ete.) which I have

left in Gelasma, but which may probably form a new genus; scintillans is also

a Prasinocyma, related to nivisparsa ; and seminivea belongs in the same vicinity.

34. Anisozyga polyleucotes ab. adornata ab. nov.

Together with typical d ¢ of this species occurred two smaller d 3 (36-87 mm.),

with the ground-colour purer white (not creamy), the green markings somewhat

extended, and in particular with a small rafous subapical patch on the hindwing

above, in the position of the blackish one of the underside, but less extended.

On the forewing the green markings in the middle of the wing are more confluent

about the origin of the median veins, and on the Acndwing there is a larger and

better defined green blotch between the radials just beyond the cell, while the

white discal mark is less conspicuous and appears less raised ; on both wings

the subterminal green markings are also somewhat better developed. Hindwing

( 407 )

beneath with the apical dark blotch appreciably narrower. Head and thorax above

rather more strongly mixed with green.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type and paratype in coll. Rothschild.

Not unlikely a good species, as no intermediates are known, and the ground-

colour may be significant. On the other hand, Warren has described (Nov. Zool. xix.

p- 68) as absona ab. exalbata a somewhat similar form, but still more creamy than

polyleucotes, and with more green than adornata; and there is just a possibility

that one polymorphic species (adsona Warr.) may prove to cover all the forms.

35. Anisozyga mimicaria spec. nov,

3,28 mm. Related to absona Warr. (Nov. Zool. ii. p. 287), but considerably

smaller, the costal edge of forewing less darkened, all the white markings extended ;

in particular the large midcostal spot of forewing is continued as a narrow dentate

band to posterior margin, the first outer band is broader and uninterrupted, the

succeeding band of white marks enlarged. On the other hand, the red-brown

subapical spot of hindwing is considerably reduced, both above and beneath, on

the upper surface restricted to two very small broken spots, one on each side

of SC’,

Mimika River, New Guinea, July 1910 (A. F. R. Wollaston). . Type in coll.

Brit. Mus.

36. Anisozyga stellifera spec. nov.

3, 30-36 mm, Head green, somewhat spotted with white. Palpus green,

whitish beneath and at tip. Abdomen dorsally green, spotted with white, and with

a small blackish spot towards anal end. Pectus, pencil of hairs, and underside

of abdomen white. Foretibia and tarsus fuscous spotted with white.

Wings semitransparent green, of the same shade as in the fascinans group,

to which it evidently belongs. Usually larger than stellata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv.

p- 129), markings nearly as in that species, the apical, subapical, and mid-

terminal white spots of forewing smaller, the discal spot usually wanting or greatly

reduced, only in a single example well developed. No white fillet.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), Type and seven other

34 in coll. Rothschild.

Smaller than normal absona Warr., more strongly white-dotted on veins,

wanting the large discal patch, submarginal bands reduced, subapical spot of

hindwing smaller.

37. Anisozyga iridescens (Warr.).

Warren (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 81) described this species from the d only. A

series from Mount Goliath, January—Febrnary 1911, includes two 2 2, which I

haye no hesitation in referring here, the agreement being complete except in the

dark dorsum of abdomen and presence of double dark spot on posterior margin

of forewing at about two-fifths, and of dark terminal blotches on both wings.

That of the forewing is purplish-fuscous proximally, becoming more whitish

distally, is abont 1°5 mm. in width anteriorly, its proximal margin curving basewards

from R! to beyond R?*, then receding to termen at M', only some very narrow

terminal shading remaining purplish-fuscous posteriorly ; that of the hindwing is

similarly formed, but a little narrower. A. reducta Warr. (Nov. Zool, xix. p. 70)

is possibly hardly more than a local race of 7ridescens ; its d scarcely differs except

( 408 )

in the presence of a minute fuscous apical blotch on hindwing, but the 2 has broader

and more complete dark borders. Both have the discocellulars formed as in Oxychora,

but the ? frenulum is fully developed and the characteristic hair-pencil of Anisozyga

is present beneath (white). The doubtful zmmwba Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 128) is

another close ally, with the borders more reddish.

38. Anisozyga albifinita spec. nov.

3,34 mm. Face whitish, somewhat mixed with green. Vertex green. Palpus

green on outer side, white beneath ; third joint elongate. Thorax and abdomen

above grey-green, strongly mixed with purple-fuscous ; beneath white, the pencil

of hairs apparently white (in part damaged). Foretibia and tarsus dark fuscous

spotted with white. :

Both wings with discocellulars formed somewhat as in Oxychora ; subdiapha-

nous grey-green, vaguely watered transversely with rather darker grey-green, the

veins interruptedly fuscous. Forewing with costal edge purple-fuscous, with a

few small whitish dots; first line rather broad, whitish, lunulate, outcurved in

submedian area and terminating in a large, distinct white spot on posterior margin ;

discal spot dark fuscous ; postmedian line scarcely traceable except as a conspicuous

white spot on posterior margin at about 3 mm. from antemedian ; a vague distal

bordering of purple-fuscons, its proximal edge about 3 mm. from termen costally,

projecting between radials and again behind M*, where it reaches the white post-

median spot, only 2 mm. wide between R* and M’; a fine dark terminal line,

swelling into spots between the veins, Hindwing with rather large dark cell-

spot, inner margin somewhat variegated, being mixed with purple-fuscous dusting

and some small whitish spots; a vague purple-fuscous border and dark terminal

line nearly as on forewing.

Underside paler, almost unmarked ; forewing with a small dark cell-spot, both

wings with terminal interneural dots.

Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

39. Anisozyga albinata taminata subsp. nov.

3, 36-38 mm.; 2, 32-33 mm. Differs from typical albinata Warr. (Nov.

Zool. xiii. 80, as ab. of /lavilinea) in having the purplish-fuscous cloudings greatly

extended, the abdomen dorsally mostly purplish-fuscous, some of the white dorsal

spots obliterated, and in haying the antemedian line (which, as in albinata albinata,

is only distinct in the anterior half) white, not yellowish, The fuscous markings

normally consist in the forewing of a median band 3-4 mm. in width right across

the wing, and some terminal clouding from costa to across R*; on hindwing of a

much enlarged apical blotch (reaching across R* and almost to the postmedian line)

and some narrower shading on abdominal margin. The d type and one $ (Oetakwa

River) conform absolutely to this description, a second $ has the markings very

slightly less extended ; another d is intermediate towards the type form, having lost

the terminal dark markings of the forewing and the abdominal of the hindwing,

while the band is narrowed and the apical blotch of the hindwing and the dorsal

markings of the abdomen are reduced.

Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 2000—3000 ft.,

August 1910 (A. S. Meek), type d and a further d and ? ; near Oetakwa River, up

to 3500 ft., October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek), one ? ; all in coll. Rothschild,’

( 409 )

Possibly a distinct species, as the ¢ hindtibial process appears longer—nearly

as long as first tarsal joint (in a/binata about half as long). Possibly, again, a

form of the following ; the group (speciosa Luc., ete.) is very difficult.

40. Anisozyga dorsimaculata spec. nov.

36, 34-38 mm. Similar to favilinea Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 80), differing as

follows: Brighter, more yellowish green ; palpus and antenna (especially clavola)

brighter, lighter reddish brown (less fuscous) ; occiput entirely green, whereas in

flavilinea there is a somewhat irregular crescentic white mark posteriorly and in

albinata (which I regard as bon. sp.) a white dot ; antemedian line extremely slender,

usually interrupted, white, not yellowish; postmedian obsolete, except between R?

and M! of forewing and R* and M! of hindwing, where it is white ; subterminal

series of spots similarly obsolescent ; terminal white dots in anterior half of each

wing excessively minute; fuscous discocellular shade of forewing weak, costal

edge on the contrary more broadly fuscous ; under-surface with the pale markings

weaker; abdomen without white spots, but with a very large fuscous blotch (in

flavilinea and typical albinata confined to a single segment, in dorsimaculata

occupying three); d antennal pectinations rather shorter (little longer than

diameter of shaft); ¢ hindtibial process about 1 mm. in length, as long as first joint

of tarsus, hair-pencil very strong.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek), type and others ; Upper Setekwa River,

2000—3000 ft., August (2), September (2), 1910 (A. 8. Meek) ; Mount Goliath,

February 1911 (A. 8. Meek) ; all in coll. Rothschild.

Perhaps still closer to speciosa Luc., of which I do not know absolutely

anthentic males, but which seems to include certain forms with very little white

marking. Except the difference in the dorsum of abdomen I can point to no decisive

differential character.

41. Anisozyga albilauta ab.

niviplena ab. nov.

3, 35mm. Differs from the type form (Anisogamia albilauta Warr., Nov. Zool.

iy. p. 33 = fragmentata ab. major Warr., ibid. xix. p. 69) in the considerable

extension of the white markings, which gives it a very different aspect. _ Costal

margin of fore- and inner margin of hindwing more broadly white; first line of

forewing much thicker, cell-mark not dark-pupilled, postmedian line broader, not

interrupted, posterior blotch extended almost to tornus, a white subterminal line

connected midterminally with apical and subtornal blotches. Hindwing with a

thick white cell-mark, thick, uninterrupted postmedian and a subterminal similar

to that of forewing.

Near Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 2000—

3000 ft., September 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

The type specimen of alsilauta Warr. is in very worn condition, but a

careful comparison with that of major Warr. (bon. sp.) leaves no doubt of their

identity.

42. Anisozyga isogamia spec. nov.

3, 28-29 mm.; %, 34 mm. Very like /ragmentata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv.

p- 127), but with the sexes nearly alike ; somewhat more translucent (colour of

iridescens Warr.), the veins strongly dotted with white ; costal edge more narrewly

(410 )

white, much more strongly dark-speckled, the speckling. olive-brown rather than

dark fuscous ; discal spot of forewing reduced, less distinctly ocellated, the two

subapical costal spots farther apart, the proximal reduced, the distal nearer apex

and increased to a strongly dentate thick line, reaching to R' or nearly to R*.

In the ¢ the white thoracic blotch encloses less, and less definite, dark marking,

but its posterior part is more extended transversely; in the ? the dorsum of

abdomen is mainly dark fuscous. The ¢, as in fragmentata, has the abdominal

margin of the hindwing whitish ; in the ¢ it remains green. In fragmentata the

venation is normal, DC of forewing a rather deep but regular curve, of hindwing

curved, becoming oblique, with R'—M! well stalked ; in ‘sogamia it is as in the

iridescens group and in Oxychora, DC* acutely inangled, hindwing with M’ varying

from connate to short-stalked. The pencil beneath base of forewing is white, as in

Sragmentata.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 3 dd and 1 ? in coll.

Rothschild.

43. Anisozyga orbimaculata magnificata subsp. nov.

3, 35-36 mm. Larger than typical orbimaculata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 129)

from Biagi, the deeply lunulate-dentate proximal white line not or scarcely inter-

rupted, the white distal markings less grey-dusted, enlarged, especially the

“racket-shaped”? marks of the antepenultimate series between R* and M?, which

form distinct, broad, confluent patches ; a white discal dot is present on the forewing;

the apical blotch of the hindwing is darker than in Warren’s type and less regularly

rounded: uniform purple-fuscous, or at lightest dull rufous internally instead of

whitish pink, and with a broader and darker purple-fuscous circumscription ; but

I gather from the description that this spot varies in colour in the Biagi form.

Abdomen with a rather large purple-fuscous blotch on fifth abdominal, which is

only indicated by a few dark scales in the type form; the white dorsal dots well —

developed.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek), 7 dd in coll.

Rothschild, showing no variation except in colour of apical blotch of hindwing.

44. Anisozyga decorata goliathensis subsp. noy.

3. Only different in a few not very striking, but apparently constant characters

from decorata decorata from the Angabunga River (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 79). Costal

spot at origin of antemedian line scarcely wider than the line itself ; tornal blotch

of forewing smaller, reduced on the underside to a few fuscous scales; subapical

blotch of hindwing less elongate, leaving a patch of the ground-colonr from the tooth

at the end of R! almost to the apex, whereas in decorata decorata it extends right to

the tooth at end of R?.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek), 5 dd in coll.

Rothschild.

Rather brighter green than desolata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiy. p. 126), which has

no tornal blotch to forewing, a larger discal mark, whiter postmedian line, larger

and rather brighter subapical blotch to hindwing, ete.

45, Anisozyga bifuscata spec. nov.

3, 32-36 mm. Head and face green. Palpus fuscons, its underside and the

extremities of second and third joints white. Thorax green above, white beneath,

(411 )

the pencil of hair pale green. Foretibia and tarsus fuscous spotted with white.

Abdomen dorsally green, with a white spot at base, then one or two small white

dots, then two or three sometimes partly confluent fuscous blotches.

Wings green, shaped and coloured about as in the preceding. Forewing with

costal margin purplish-fuscous, spotted with whitish; a reddish spot at base ; first

line reddish, somewhat white-mixed, strongly zigzag, from costa at about 4 mm.,

M-shaped outwards in cell, strongly angled on vein M, making a bold outward

sweep in submedian area, but with a slight indentation at its extremity on the

fold, finally bending outwards again from SM? to posterior margin; a similarly

coloured, indistinct, elongate cell-mark ; postmedian line apparently also zigzag,

but very ill-defined, chiefly showing as spots between the veins: a subapical

purple-fuscous blotch ; a few subterminal pale spots, only that between R* and M!

prominent (of moderate size and white) ; distal margin with white dots in the

teeth ; fringe mostly reddish-fuscous. Hindwing without the costal, basal and

antemedian markings; subapical fuscous blotch larger than on forewing.

Under-surface whitish green, costal margin of forewing somewhat ochreous,

spotted with fuscous ; forewing with a fuscous discal dot, both wings with deep

fuscous subapical blotch and some terminal fuscous dots between the veins, at least

in anterior half.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek), 7 dd in coll. Roth-

schild.

Nearly related to decorata Warr., but at once distinguishable by the strong

fuscous subapical blotch of forewing both above and beneath. R*-M!? of hindwing

are rather shortly to moderately stalked ; in the only two decorata which I have

before me they are scarcely stalked-- virtually connate.

46. Anisozyga eranna spec. nov.

3, 34-35 mm. Face and vertex bright green, the face narrowly edged with

white beneath, the occiput with some reddish spots. Palpus ochreous reddish,

narrowly white beneath. Antenna ochreous reddish, spotted with brick-red ;

pectinations short. Legs ochreous reddish above, white beneath ; foretibia and

tarsus darker, spotted with whitish. Thorax above green, with small reddish

patch in middle ; beneath whitish, the pencil of hairs green somewhat mixed with

white. Abdomen above green with some whitish mediodorsal spots and a reddish

belt about the fifth and sixth seements, and reddish extremity.

Wings bright green, costal edge of forewing and fringes of both wings

ochreous-reddish mottled with light brick-red., Forewing with a white dot at

base ; antemedian line white, edged with reddish, starting from a thickened costal

spot at 3 mm., indented on cell-fold and more slightly on M, somewhat excurved,

ronning into a red blotch on hindmargin at nearly 4 mm.; discal spot large, white,

crescentic ; postmedian line arising from a large white reddish-edged costal mark

5 mm. before apex, but largely obsolete, being only represented by a few dots and

by a fine laonule between R* and M'; midway between postmedian and termen a

series of white, not reddish-edged, spots between the veins, only that between R*

and M! large; distinct. ochreous whitish dots in the teeth at the vein-ends.

Hindwing with cell-mark smaller, first line obsolete, a large apical reddish blotch,

darker in its centre ; the rest as on forewing.

Underside whitish green, the costal edge of forewing and the fringes nearly

as above, the markings of the upper surface mostly faintly reproduced ; forewing

(412 )

with a narrow bright green costal mark proximally to the postmedian pale blotch

and a broader one distally to it, the latter containing the first two white spots of

subterminal series ; hindwing with the centre of apical blotch fuscous.

Mount Goliath, January—Febrnary 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type and two others

in coll. Rothschild.

The blotches on the upperside are coloured nearest as in veniplaga Warr.

(Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 130). From desolata Warr. (ibid. p. 126) eranna can be

distinguished at once by its brighter colour, much lighter and differently shaped

reddish blotch, white spot between R*® and M! on both wings, green not brown

costal mark near apex of forewing beneath, ete.

47. Anisozyga beatrix spec. nov.

3, 40-43 mm. Face green. Vertex whitish ochreous. Palpus with third

joint elongate ; ochreous, paler beneath and at tip. Thorax and abdomen. above

mostly green, thorax posteriorly and abdomen at base occupied by a large, some-

what shield-shaped, pale fleshy, darker-edged blotch, abdomen afterwards with some

dorsal dots of the same colour and a large posterior blotch. Pencil of hair at base

of forewing beneath green.

Wings green with some ill-defined whitish dots and strigulae. Forewing

with costal margin strongly ochreous ; a moderate whitish-fleshy subapical blotch,

counected with apex by a costal streak ; a very small subterminal mark of the

same colour on posterior margin; a very weak, slender, sinuous antemedian line

and indications of small cell-mark; termen subcrenulate, with white dots at

vein-ends. Hindwing with a moderately large apical blotch of the same colour

as that of forewing, dark-edged and containing a few small fuscous dots and

two large dots on termen, between C and SC? and between SC? and R!; termen

strongly crenulate, with white dots at the vein-ends.

Underside whitish green, both wings with the apical blotch present, that of

forewing fuscous in its middle, that of hindwing all fuscous except the extreme

edges. ;

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 5 do in coll. Roth-

schild.

Related to sexmaculata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 134), the blotches exactly the

same colour, but smaller, less numerous, costal margin of forewing more ochreous,

dorsum of abdomen also different.

48. Anisozyga delectabilis spec. nov.

3d, 38-41 mm. Face green, narrowly white below. Palpus ferruginous above,

overlaid with black at least in the basal part of second and third joints, these joints

whitish at tips; all whitish beneath. Head green, slightly mixed with ferruginons.

Antenna pale ochreous spotted with ferruginous. Thorax above green, narrowly

variegated with ferruginous and blackish in middle; metathorax with a bright

ferruginous tuft. Abdomen above mostly green, with white dorsal spots, segments

2 and 3 narrowly belted with ferruginous and black scaling at end, segments 4-6

more largely mixed with these colours dorsally. Pectus whitish, pencil of long

hair green. Legs whitish, forefemur and tibia above and tibia on innerside fuscous,

foretarsus fuscous above, with ends of joints white ; hindtibia with terminal process

quite short.

Wing-shape and venation normal. Rather dark but semitransparent green.

( 413 )

Forewing with costa ochreous mixed with ferruginous and spotted with

fuscous ; an irregular pale line at base; some fine white subbasal markings,

tending to form one or two irregular transverse lines ; antemedian line slender,

white, lonulate-dentate, the teeth pointing proximad on the veins, the course

oblique outwards to submedian fold, then incurved to SM?® and again oblique

outwards to rather before middle of hindmargin, here accompanied proximally by

a flattened, red, black-mixed blotch, slightly variable in extent, but never crossing

far beyond SM?; a crescentic white cell-mark ; postmedian line white, somewhat

zigzag, lunulate-dentate, the teeth pointing distad on the veins; thickened and

produced at R!, exceedingly fine from R! to beyond R?, a little thickened at R*;

also thick costally, where it forms a white proximal margin to a ferruginous and

reddish subapical blotch which contains distally two black, distally white-edged

spots ; a small, flat, ferruginons, black-marked blotch on posterior margin from

postmedian line to tornus ; a small white triangle in or close to apex ; a smaller,

rounder white dot behind it, between SC°® and R', a series of minute interneural

ones (mostly in pairs) continuing these subterminally ; terminal whitish triangular

dots at vein-ends; fringe pale with a broad, interrupted, reddish-fuscous line

intersecting it before middle and a greyer one distally.—— Hindwing without first

line, white cell-mark or inner-marginal blotches, the rest nearly as on forewing ; a

white spot (sometimes minute) at the base of M’; the subapical blotch of forewing

here becomes apical, and is extended nearly to R*, is more black-dusted and contains

two or three rather large black spots.

Under-surface much paler green, the white markings of upperside present but

feeble, the apical blotches of both wings present, uniformly blackish.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Roth-

schild; 9 other dd in coll. Rothschild and Brit. Mus.

Possibly a local race of gracililinea Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 127), from which

it scarcely differs except that the postmedian line of both wings is dentate on

all the veins, whereas in that species it makes a single bold curve from before R3

to behind M?, and that on the forewing the line is more faint about R? and R?.

From decorata Warr., which it also resembles, it can be distinguished by the

deeper, bluer green colour, clearer white lines, larger blotch on posterior margin

proximally to the first line of forewing, larger subapical blotch on forewing

beneath, etc.

?. A ? which I think, on account of the tufted metathorax, position and

course of antemedian line, thin, curved discal mark, approximation of lines on

posterior margin, separated subapical spots of forewing, white colour at apex, ete.,

may be referable to this species, should be described here. 36 mm, Face green,

thorax partly green, vertex, middle of thorax, metathoracic tuft and abdomen mixed

with white and deep flesh-colour—JSorewing with base and costa broadly the

same, the narrow, curved discal mark confluent therewith ; first line white, rather

thick, wavy, rather oblique outwards from costal margin to submedian fold, here

roundly bent and thence slightly incurved ; accompanied proximally in posterior

half of wing by a rather large, deep flesh-coloured blotch ; postmedian line white,

from nearly two-thirds costa, about parallel with termen to R*, then strongly out-

bent, forming a strong rounded prominence, incurved again to and along M?,

approaching first line, the enclosed green space from here to posterior margin being

only about 1 mm. broad; a narrow pale fleshy band follows the postmedian, then

three ovate green spots between SC! and KR’, separated by pale veins, succeeded

( 414)

distally by a thick deep flesh-coloured line ; a further narrow white band, a thick

deep flesh-coloured line (arising from green subapical spot), and finally a white band,

broadest in anterior half of wing ; terminal line thick, green, interrupted with white

at the vein-ends; fringe with alternately white and fleshy lines, but more spotted

with fleshy opposite the veins. Hindwing green as far as the postmedian line,

merely with a small, fine white cell-mark ; postmedian line and distally nearly as

on forewing, no green costal markings, the white terminal band much less clear.

Underside paler, the markings more shadowy, but with an almost complete fuscous

subterminal band on the forewing (occupying the position of the two outer fleshy

lines and their interspace), only obsolete from costal margin to SC* and containing

a pale spot between SC! and SC; hindwing with a similar band from costa to R*,

broad anteriorly, narrowing, a very feeble and slender outeurved continnation from

R* to M?.

Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), in coll. Rothschild.

49. Anisozyga longidentata spec. nov.

3,29 mm, Face green, white below. Palpus green, third joint not very long,

white. Vertex green mixed with white. Antenna white spotted with red-brown ;

pectinations short. Thorax mostly green, the pencil beneath wanting. Abdomen

dorsally green with white spots. Foretibia and tarsus fascous spotted with pure

white. ;

Forewing with termen moderately crenulate ; green, rather more yellowish

than in most of the genus, irregularly spotted and streaked with white, especially in

basal area ; costal edge narrowly deep chocolate, spotted with white; lines white ;

antemedian thick, from costal margin at almost one-third to posterior margin at

one-half, strongly outbent on entering cell, thence lunulate-dentate ; postmedian at

about 3°) mm. from termen, deeply dentate, the distal teeth placed on the veins, the

proximal filled in at their tips with white spots and giving place to thickened Junules

posteriorly ; a chain of elongate interneural white spots shortly beyond the post-

median, more closely approximated to it in the posterior than in the anterior half

of the wing; a series of similar but smaller ones close to termen; termen with

white dots at vein-ends; fringe green, filled in with white in the interneural crenu-

Jations. Hindwing with termen strongly crenulate; mostly white, marked with

green in inner-marginal region, with green cell-spot and very deeply dentate green

lines beyond ; the first with the points of all the distal teeth approximately equi-

distant from termen, but that on R? much the longest, on account of extremely deep

indentations of the line on either side of it ; the second similar, its deepest indenta-

tion between R? and R°, its distal teeth running along the veins to near termen ;

the third (subterminal) consisting of narrow interneural V-shaped marks pointing

proximally, their apices slightly filled in with green, their distal extremities in part

touching a green terminal line ; fringe as on forewing. ;

Underside much more yellowish ; the costal edge of forewing deeper ochreous,

both wings with two ill-defined, thick, approximated whitish postmedian lines, the

proximal the more dentate.

Mount Goliath, January—february 1911, 3 gd in coll. Rothschild.

A very distinct species. The discocellalars are formed almost as in Oxrychora,

but the frenulum, the hairy femora, etc., indicate a trae, if slightly aberrant,

Anisozyga.

( 415 )

50. Anisozyga lenis spec. nov.

3,34mm. Very closely related to swhliturata Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. p. 327)

but smaller; otherwise the differences noticeable on the upper surface are slight.

Ground-colour slightly more greenish, the green markings a little less deep, hence

the contrast decidedly toned down; distal edge of median band of forewing and the

corresponding edge of green basal half of hindwing less deeply scalloped out between

R? and R* and between M? and SM’; on hindwing also this green area is rather

more extended, and there is a small, only slightly broken reddish subapical blotch in

place of the “blackish” (purple-fuscous) dots of sudliturata. Underside without

the olive basal suffusion, the thick olive-fuscous postmedian line which bounds it (or

which remains even when, as in some swbliturata from the Oetakwa River, the

suffusion is nearly obsolete) reduced to a dentate line from C to R*; the olive-fuscous

submarginal band very much narrowed, even somewhat interrupted, widening merely

at costal extremity, especially on hindwing, and emitting no blotches proximally

between R? and R®*.

Dinawa, British New Guinea, 4000 feet, Angust 1902 (A. E. Pratt). Type in

coll. Bethune-Baker.

That this is not a local race of swhliturata is proved—apart from the almost too

great differences in the position of the markings—by the occurrence of typical

- subliturata at the same time and place.

51. Metacineta vernicoma spec. nov.

?, 30 mm. Structure and general coloration entirely agreeing with the other

species of the genus, hindwing not noticeably bent at R%, abdominal crests very

small, red, on a rather broad red mediodorsal stripe, wings less strigulated with

whitish.

Forewing with costal edge whitish yellow, not white, not dusted with red except

at extreme base; discal dot small, red; no other red spots ; no white spots at vein-

ends, a fine, interrupted red line at base of fringe, followed in fringe by red spots

opposite the veins, Hindwing with similar discal dot and bordering.

Under-surface paler, without discal dots ; no red line at base of fringe, no red

dusting at base of costa of forewing.

Sonthern Nigeria, January 1909 (G. C. Dudgeon). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.

An extremely worn % from the Oban district, Southern Nigeria (P. A. Talbot), also

probably belongs here.

In the fore- as well as in the hindwing R? arises quite near R!.

52. Comibaena castaneata (Warr.).

Comostolodes castaneata Warr., Nov. Zoal. xiii. p. 87 (1906),

Probolosceles agathia Warr., ibid. xix. p. 80 (1912).

Pyrrhorachis castancata Prout, Gen. Ins. 129. p. 239 (1912).

I find that this very distinet little species possesses a frenulam—slender and

colourless, but not extremely short. It is probably a very specialised development

of Comibaena, with the five subcostals and KR? all stalked together and the 3

hindtibial process wanting. The wing-shape and pattern give some suggestion of

the pictipennis group of that genus,

( 415 )

53. Comibaena rhodonia spec. nov.

2,22 mm. Face and palpus white marked with green ; palpus with second

and third joints very long. Vertex green. Antenna simple, whitish. Thorax

green above, in front white spotted with red ; abdomen with some white, red-edged

spots (partly discoloured), anal extremity white.

Forewing with SC! from cell, anastomosing with OC, SC? arising before SC® ;

light apple-green, costal margin spotted with red, the red becoming predominant

distally, expanding at two-thirds and again at apex, enclosing white spots at the

expansions ; an ill-defined red, white-dotted spot on posterior margin before one-

half, a few red scales on M before origin of M?; cell-dot black; a series of

postmedian red blotches, enclosing white dots or dashes on the veins ; first bloteh

small, on R!; second large, from R? to across R* and followed by some red dusting

along R* to termen; third blotch small, on M'; fourth large, from tornus and

posterior margin to across M?; termen with small, white-centred red spots at vein-

ends ; fringe pale green, marked with red opposite the veins. Hindwing with

termen rounded, M! stalked ; concolorous with forewing, with small black cell-dot

and series of terminal red, white-centred spots, that at tornus larger.

Underside pale green, costal margin of forewing tinged with reddish, both

wings with weak cell-dot.

Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

Nearly related to inductaria Guen. and viridifimbria Warr.; distinguished by

the large rosy blotches: not impossibly an aberration of the latter.

54. Racheospila nortia (Druce).

Synchlora(?)- nortia Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. ii. p. 93; Prout, Gen. Ins. 129 p. 115.

I was unacquainted with this species when my Revision appeared, and merely

cited it in the position assigned by Druce. I have now seen examples from Costa

Rica collected by Mr. Schaus, and find that it belongs to the diarita-group of

Racheospila, i.e. Lissochlora Warr., as already suggested with a query by Warren

(Nov. Zool. vii. p. 135). A much larger form—or very close ally which I have not

yet been able to differentiate—occurs in S.H. Peru.

55. Racheospila superaddita spec. nov.

d,18 mm. Face red, with two white spots below. Palpus red above, beneath

and at end of second joint snow-white. Vertex and antennal shaft snow-white ;

occiput red. Thorax and base of abdomen above green; abdomen with four raised

white dorsal spots standing on a dark red ground, those on second and third

seements large, confluent, occupying a great part of the segments, that on fourth

smaller and detached, that on fifth still smaller. Pectus, abdomen beneath, and

legs mostly white; posterior tibia with rather strong pencil and well-developed

terminal process one-half as long as tarsus.

Forewing apple-green, with costal edge red at base, otherwise snow-white

narrowly margined with red; a minute red cell-spot; a fine, indistinct, curved

whitish antemedian line from M to posterior margin ; a distinct, somewhat lunulate-

dentate white postmedian, 2 mm. from and parallel with termen, only slightly

incurved posteriorly ; terminal line fine, red, nowhere thickened; fringe white,

finely and weakly barred with reddish opposite the yeins and with the tips reddishe

( 417 )

tinged.-——Hindwing with termen slightly more prominent about R* than in the

allies, C not anastomosing with cell; postmedian line removed rather further from

termen ; terminal line and fringe as on forewing.

Under-surface paler, the red at costal margin of forewing rather broader ; cell-

dots and line obsolete.

Jimenez, W. Colombia, 1600 ft., July 1907 (dry season). Type in coll. L. B.

Prout.

Although this group (Section IL., Gen. Zns. 129, p. 109) is already rather

extensive and the species closely allied, I have seen all except venustula Dogn.,

and desteraria Grossbeck (both of which are shown by the descriptions to be entirely

different) and cannot refer the present species to any. Nearest to sigillaria Guen.

and ephippiaria Méschl., the white lines better developed, red on termen and fringe

less developed, hindwing less perfectly rounded, ¢ hindtibial process longer,

56, Progonodes holochroa spec. nov.

3,38 mm. Head and palpus green, a narrow white fillet between antennae.

Antennal shaft ochreous whitish. Thorax above green, beneath white. Abdomen

above dirty ochreous whitish with a slight admixture of green ; crests dark purplish

bronze. Legs whitish, tinged (especially the fore and middle pairs) with reddish

brown above and on onter side.

Wings shaped about as in stagonata Feld. (Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127,

f. 25). Forewing uniform bluish green, not very densely scaled ; costal margin

with coarse fuscous speckling which does not quite reach the extreme costal edge ;

a fuscous discal spot; a series of large white dots at the vein-ends; terminal

line fuscous, somewhat interrupted by the extremities of the white dots; fringe

ochreous, slightly tinged with fuscous opposite the veins. Hindwing concolorous,

with a rather large white discal spot on DC? and a very small one posteriorly on

DO*; termen and fringe as on forewing.

Underside much paler. Forewing with costal margin broadly tuscous as far

as end of cell (the extreme edge quite ochreous), ochreous beyond, with a few coarse

fascous speckles ; cell tinged with fuscous; fringe as above. Hindwing with the

large white discal spot feebly indicated ; fringe as above.

Chiriqui, Panama (received throagh Staudinger and Bang-Haas). ‘Type in coll.

L. B. Prout.

Readily distinguished from its nearest allies (stagonata and arycanda) by the

absence of white admixture in the green ground-colour.

57. Chlorodrepana cryptochroma spec. nov.

¢,32mm. Face black. Palpas black, base beneath lighter and more reddish,

Antenna ochreous. Thorax above green. Abdomen scarcely crested; brown, dorsally

spotted and speckled with blackish. Legs ochreous, forelegs fuscou above.

Forewing with KR! not stalked, M' barely stalked; uniform deep blue-green,

extreme costal edge salmon-colour. Hindwing with M! barely stalked; deep

blue-green, costal area as far as middle of cell and R* (rather less far towards

apex) salmon-colour.

Underside ochreous ; forewing, with the exception of the margins and an

ill-defined apical patch, strongly irrorated with blackish, base of costa and most

of submedian area rather more reddish ; hindwing similar, the entire area, which

( 418 )

above is salmon-colour, here rather free from blackish irroration and slightly tinged

with reddish, distal half of submedian area also rather free from irroration, but not

reddish.

N. Kavirondo, Maramas District, Nala, British East Africa, 4500 ft., June 20,

1911 (8S. A. Neave). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.

A very distinct species, entirely without the discolorous distal borders of the

other species of Chlorodrepana.

58. Gelasma insulsata (Warr.).

Euxena insulsata Warr., Nov, Zool. iv. p. 39,

This species is clearly a Gelasma by all characters. On my first examination

of Warren’s type I noted the basal expansion of the hindwing, which would place

it in my Group V., but by some unaccountable oversight I ignored this note later,

and left the species in Huwxena (Gen. Ins. 129, p. 64), although with a query on

account of the pectinate ¢ antenna. I have recently re-examined the type.

59. Gelasma albitaenia spec. nov.

32%, 28-34 mm. Face ochreous, with lower edge white. Palpus ochreous

above, white beneath. Antennal shaft white proximally, ochreous distally ;

pectinations ochreous. Vertex white, a band posteriorly concolorous with thorax,

Thorax above olive-green mixed with white ; abdomen paler; both beneath white.

Forewing coloured and marked nearly as in spwmata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii.

p. 88), but wanting the dark cell-spot and with the white subterminal line broad

and conspicuous, somewhat inbent at R? and in submedian area. In this it more

resembles thetydaria Guen., which has longer, more fuscous pectinations, much

broader, differently placed lines, rather broader hindwing, ete. Hindwing

slightly narrower than in spwmata, the tail at R* slightly less pronounced ; coloured

and marked similarly to that species, cell-spot wanting ; the white subterminal

much narrower and less conspicuous than on forewing.

Underside whitish, similarly but much more faintly marked, almost

unicolorous.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type ¢ in coll. Rothschild. Also a %

from Setekwa River, September 1910 (coll. Rothschild), and a farther example in

coll. Brit, Mus.

60. Gelasma smaragdina spec. nov.

?,29 mm. Face green. Palpus rather slender, twice diameter of eye,

terminal joint moderate ; green, paler beneath. Head green; a fillet and base of

antenna white. Thorax and abdomen green above, the latter with small white

spots. Fore-femur and tibia green above.

Forewing with apex sharp, termen almost smooth, oblique, scarcely convex ;

SC! curved, successively approaching © and SC? (on the right wing in the unique

type touching the former, thus certainly variable in the species), DC deeply incurved,

R? much before middle, M! separate; rather bright, light blue-green, costal edge

(except at base) light purplish-fuscous strigulated with whitish ; lines and discal

spot (rather near first line, cell being short) much yellower green; first line from

before one-fourth costa to one-third hindmargin, excurved and sinuous, accom-

panied proximally by faint pale shading; postmedian at three-fifths, slightly

( 419 )

incurved between radials and posteriorly, slightly excurved between, accompanied

distally by a series of white vein-spots ; terminal line dark brown, thickest at

yein-ends, gradually narrowing (in places almost interrupted) between ; fringe very

pale whitish yellow. Hindwing with termen subcrenulate and a moderate tooth at

R’; cell one-third, C closely appressed for a short distance, R? from very near R?;

cell-spot, postmedian and terminal lines and fringe as on forewing.

Under-surface whitish blue-green, costal half of forewing brighter green with

whitish, fuscous-spotted costal edge except at base ; no other markings.

Mount Goliath, March 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

More vivid green than most of the genus.

61. Gelasma balteata (Warr.).

The type of this species (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 137) is a 3 in worn condition, the

palest parts therefore appearing clearer white than would otherwise be the case.

I have now before me two ? ? from Monnt Goliath, February 1911, in beautiful

condition, which may possibly represent a local race, but are probably typical of

the species. Their size is larger (30-32 mm.), the elbow in the termen of the

hindwing appears slighter, the white areas of both wings are well speckled with

green, terminal line green, fringe whitish, tinged with green.

The ? palpus is slender, with the terminal joint moderately elongate. In all

three specimens SC! anastomoses with SC?.

62. Gelasma bicolor privata subsp. nov.

3,24 mm. Differs from typical bicolor Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 88) in its

slightly larger size, rather less strong tail to hindwing, slightly whiter, slightly

less irregular lines, with the accompanying green shades rather less thick, the

postmedian and the cell-spots obsolete beneath, the underside of hindwing, and of

forewing at distal and posterior margins, being whitish, the rest of forewing greener.

The third joint of the palpns looks slightly longer, but this may be merely a matter

of position or exposure, as no precise measurements have been possible.

SC! of the forewing arises from the cell and anastomoses at a point with C,

afterwards closely approaching SC? ; R! is connate or barely stalked ; C of hind-

wing anastomoses at slightly more than a point with the cell, R*® arises very near

R!. Antennal pectinations coarse and curved, as in Thalassodes ; hindtibia dilated,

with hair-pencil and very short terminal process.

Monnt Goliath, January 1911 (A. 8. Meek).

63. Gelasma submixta spec. nov.

2, 22-24 mm. Near commixta Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 89), similarly

coloured but less mixed with white, smaller, both wings rounder, forewing with the

postmedian line more curved, bearing no white vein-dots distally. The green

lines and cell-spots are not on the whole very conspicuous—/.e. not greatly

darkened ; the dark terminal line is marked chiefly—in some examples only—at

tlie vein-ends. The structure seems quite to agree with that of commixta, the

palpus slender, with both second and third joints long, forewing with SC! from cell,

anastomosing with C and nearly always with SC* also, R! stalked, DC incurved,

hindwing with R* from very near R'. The similarity in colour, shape, palpus, ete.,

( 420 )

to Prasinocyma debilis raises « doubt whether the delimitation of the genera

Gelasma and Prasinocyma is at present satisfactory ; the palpal and venational

structure and the degree of angulation of the termen of the hindwing seem to show

all kinds of intergradations, and possibly the two will have to be merged together.

Tarner has already (Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales, xxxy. p. 559) placed one

angled-winged species of the present group (centrophylla Meyr.) in Prasinocyma.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 7 22 in coll.

Rothschild. Also a 2? from Dinawa, British New Guinea, 4000 ft., August 1902

(A. E. Pratt) in coll. Bethune-Baker.

The curious fact that bicolor and commixta Warr. (both from Angabunga

River) are only known in the ¢ and ? sex respectively, and bicolor privata and

submiata Prout (both from Mount Goliath) the same, suggests a possibility—in

spite of some difficulties—that they may prove to be sexes of a single species,

occurring in two distinct races, both rather strongly dimorphic sexually ; in both

cases the tail of the hindwing would be slighter in this Mount Goliath race.

64. Prasinocyma panchlora spec. nov.

3d 28 mm. Shape and colour of vermicularia Guen., differing in the green

lace, more broadly white vertex and uniformly green wings without the whitish

strigulation and without darker green cell-mark. The costal edge of the forewing

is narrowly whitish ochreous, perhaps a little paler than in verméicularia. Possibly

also the abdomen is a little more slender. From chloroprosopa Prout (Ann.

Transv. Mus. 1918, p. 194), to which it comes still closer, panchlora differs in its

somewhat lighter green colour, pale costal edge and absence of the white hind-

marginal spot of the forewing. he structure is typical, the hindtibial hair-pencil

rather long but slender, white ; forewing with SC! anastomosing with C, R!

connate, M' connate ; hindwing with SC? shortly stalked, M' scarcely stalked.

Simonstown, Cape Colony, November 1903 (P. de la Garde). Type in coll.

Brit. Mus,

65. Prasinocyma degenerata spec. nov.

3, 20-22 mm. Face and palpas reddish brown; palpus with second joint

reaching just beyond frons, third joint rather short, distinct. Antennal shaft white

at base, then ochreous ; pectinations rather long. Vertex green, extremely narrowly

edged with white in front. Thorax and abdomen above green, beneath white,

anal tuft white. Forelee red above; (middle legs lost;) hindleg white, with a

short pencil from end of femur and another from base of tibia; tarsus abbreviated

(one-half tibia).

Wings moderately opaque green, not strigulated with whitish. Forewing

with costal edge narrowly pale ochreous ; an indistinct dark green cell-spot ;

fringe concolorous proximally, whitish distally——Hindwing the same, except

costal edge. :

Under-surface unmarked ; of forewing much paler green, becoming whitish

green posteriorly ; of hindwing whitish green. :

S.E. Ruwenzori, 3500 ft., May 16, 1906 (Hon. G. Legge and A. F, R, Wollaston).

Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Also a less perfect ¢ from Gabt el-Meghahid, White

Nile (H. N. Dunn).

An inconspicuons little species of a more opaque and less bluish green than

( 421 )

vermicularia, the build rather more compact. In the forewing SC! is free, R!

connate, M! connate; in the hindwing C is closely approximated to the cell to

almost one-half, SC? well stalked, M! well stalked.

66. Prasinocyma geminata spec. nov.

32, 29-34 mm. Face and head green, extremely narrowly white between

the antennae, Palpus with third joint in d rather short, in ? quite moderate ;

red above, white beneath. Antennal shaft whitish ; pectinations in d moderately

long, ochreous. Thorax and abdomen dorsally green, the latter with small white

spots and white anal extremity. Fore and middle legs crimson above and on

inner side ; hindleg white, hindtibia in ¢ somewhat dilated, with slender pencil.

Forewing very broad; SC! free (in one wing of one example exceptionally

running into C), R! not or scarcely stalked, M' separate; very pale blue-green, so

densely marked with bright green as to leave only fine spots and strigulation of

the pale colour (similar to pulchraria Swinh.); costal edge narrowly pink, becoming

more ochreous towards apex; discal dot small, black ; no other markings.

Hindwing ample, apex somewhat squared, termen bluntly elbowed at R*, M!

separate at origin from R*; concolorous with forewing; a small black discal spot

on DC*, a more elongate green, posteriorly black-marked one on DC*. Underside

paler, unmarked ; costal edge of forewing as above.

Nairobi, British Hast Africa, 3¢¢, 1 2, April 21—May 3, 1911 (T. J.

Anderson), all in coll. Brit. Mus.; the type (¢d) dated May 3. Also a o from

the same locality, May, in coll. Bethune-Baker.

Differs from neave? Prout, which also has a double discal spot on the hindwing,

in its much brighter, yellower-green colour, pink costal edge of forewin

shorter palpus, ete.

g, much

67. Prasinocyma(?) debilis spec. nov.

3?, 25-28 mm. Head and face green, narrowly white between the antennae.

Palpus green above, whitish beneath. Antennal shaft white, pectinations in J

strong and coarse, much as in Thalassodes. Thorax and abdomen green above,

whitish beneath, abdomen dorsally with small white spots at ends of seements.

3 hindtibia with hair-pencil.

Wings green, smoothly scaled. Forewing with extreme costal edge

yellowish ; a dentate antemedian white line which does not reach costal margin,

its deepest tooth pointing distad on the submedian fold ; postmedian also dentate,

but scarcely traceable except as a row of white dots on the veins, forming an

outward curve through most of its length, incurved behind M?; a small dark

green cell-spot ; terminal line slightly darkened ; fringe concolorous.——J//indwing

similar, without first line.

Under-surface nearly uniform whitish green, with costal edge of forewing

yellow; only in the ¢ with costal part of forewing somewhat greener than

the rest.

Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type (¢) in coll. Rothschild,

Also 7 ?? from the same locality, Jannary-—February.

Rather larger than fragilis Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 35%), not of quite such a

fall colour, but chiefly distinguished by more strongly excurved postmedian series

of dots, more approximated to termen and as a rule less connected into a line,

the larger, darker cell-spot not accompanied by white scales, and the different

( 422)

underside of forewing, that of frag‘lis having a bright green median shade. I have

referred, under Gelasma submixta, to the affinity of this species (with fragilis)

to certain members of Gelasma.

68. Prasinocyma seminivea respersa subsp. nov.

?,30 mm. Differs from typical seminivea Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 82) in

its somewhat larger size and more uniform white sprinkling, the central area

of the forewing, both above and beneath, containing rather less green. The

postmedian line appears somewhat more regular in its course ; the whitish ante-

median line of the forewing is well defined, exangled on the folds and close to

the posterior margin. The typical form, moreover, has a clearer white (less green-

sprinkled) blotch near the tornus.

Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

As noted under An/sozyga, this species must be removed here. It is perhaps

intermediate between the fragilis group and the following species.

69. Prasinocyma scintillans isorrhopia subsp. nov.

3%, 30-35 mm, Somewhat larger than typical scintillans Warr. (Nov. Zool.

xiii. p. 81), the white longitudinal spots along the cell-fold more strongly developed,

the tornal white markings of the forewing rather ample, the underside of the

forewing quite differently coloured, being entirely concolorous with the hindwing

(whitish green), only its costal edge quite narrowly dull yellowish.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek); ¢ (type) and 3 2

in coll. Rothschild, the sexes quite alike.

70. Prasinocyma nictata spec. nov.

3, 26 mm. Face green. Palpus with third joint rather elongate; green

above, whitish beneath. Vertex green, narrowly white between the antennae.

Antennal shaft white spotted with green, the pectinations green, rather long and

coarse, extending to scarcely beyond the proximal half of the antenna, altogether

recalling Thalassodes. Thorax and abdomen green above, the latter with a rather

small but conspicaous white spot at the end of each segment ; beneath whitish.

Hindtibia with hair-pencil.

Forewing rather deep, bright green, costally somewhat more yellowish, the

extreme costal edge purplish fuscous; except in the costal region sparsely sprinkled

with slightly metallic blue-white scales, a stronger cluster of which surrounds

the black cell-dot, particularly on its posterior and distal sides; first line at

about 3 mm., fine, whitish, slightly interrupted, not reaching costa, bent outwards

on folds and inangled on M and SM?; second line near termen, consisting of a

sharp series of white vein-dots and a small blotch on posterior margin, the series

forming a rather regular curve from SO° to SM' (the fold); discal spot, outside

the blue-white scales, surrounded by a vague purplish-fuscous suffusion ; fringe

duller than ground-colour, especially in distal half. Hindwing with termen

slightly crenulate, a little prominent at R*; similarly coloured and marked to

forewing, but without first line and with the blue-white scales somewhat reduced.

Underside without markings, hindwing and distal and posterior margins of

forewing whitish, the rest of forewing more green, with costal edge yellowish

at base, then somewhat fuscous.

Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild,

( 423 )

71. Prasinocyma obsoleta subobsoleta subsp. nov.

?, 36-41 mm. Smaller than typical odsoleta Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 84),

less strongly bluish green, the pale lines slightly more distinct, broader, the green

diseal spots slightly more noticeable.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 5 22 in coll.

Rothschild.

The recently described delicata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xix. p. 75, as Chlorochroma)

seems to me somewhat doubtfully distinct from odsoleta, but I have not yet compared

the types.

72. Prasinocyma dentatilineata spec. nov.

?, 34-39 mm. Closely similar to odsoleta, especially the subspecies sub-

obsoleta; more blue-green, at the same time with a very minute whitish irroration,

the lines stronger, whiter, the antemedian more strongly outbent behind cell,

inangled on SM’, the postmedian strongly dentate; cell-spot darker green, concise.

Both lines distinctly continued on hindwing, whereas in odsoleta the first is here

faint or often obsolete; discal spot nearly as on forewing. Under-surface with the

dark terminal vein-dots rather strongly developed.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek), 4 2? in coll.

Rothschild.

Two dd, taken at the same time and place, measuring 28-31 mm., possibly

belong to this species, being of the same colour and similarly marked, but are very

distinct in having on each wing a rather large, black, faintly red-tinged discal dot

and strong black dots at the vein-ends; costa of forewing slightly more reddish,

darker beneath.

The colour of this species is, except for the minute white irroration, almost

exactly that of punctulata Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 357), which has a red face, finer

pale lines, more broadly yellow costal margin of forewing, etc.

73. Prasinocyma ruficollis spec. nov.

?,40-43 mm. Rather narrower-winged than odsoleta, palpus longer (about

three times diameter of eye), redabove ; face with its upper edge very narrowly red,

occiput and collar red ; wings of the yellowish green of strigicosta Warr. (Nov. Zool.

xix. p. 77, as Chlorochroma), forewing with costal edge reddish, both wings with

discal spot rather large, very distinct, black mixed with red, weakly discernible

beneath, terminal black dots strong though very small.

Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), 2 % % in coll. Rothschild.

Apart from other distinctions, the bright red on head and collar will prevent

possible confusion with sfrigicosta.

74. Prasinocyma dioscorodes spec. nov.

32,51 mm. Face green; vertex white; occiput green. Palpus green, white

beneath, third joint in ? elongate. Antennal shaft white ; pectinations in d long

and coarse, not continuing quite to two-thirds. Thorax and abdomen green dorsally,

the latter with rather strong white spots at ends of segments.

Forewing with apex acute, tornus well defined, SC! anastomosing with C, R!

stalked, DC* sometimes strongly incurved; dark dull green, with costal edge

( 424 )

narrowly whitish; lines white, marked by more or less wedge-shaped spots on the

veins and folds; first from one-sixth costa, very oblique outwards to submedian

fold, then oblique inwards ; postmedian from SC* or R! at about five-sevenths, the

spots on R’—M? nearer termen, those on-SM? and hindmargin nearer base, somewhat

confluent, in the $ increased to a white blotch which almost reaches submedian

fold ; discal spot blackish : fringe with a fuscous line at base, distally white, darker-

chequered opposite the veins. Hindwing with discal spot and postmedian line,

the latter not appreciably enlarged at inner margin; fringe as on forewing.

Underside uniform whitish green, costal edge of forewing yellowish ; fringes

without fuscous line at base, but with stronger dark spots at vein-ends.

Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A, 8. Meek). Type (¢) in coll. Rothschild.

Also a 2 from Upper Setekwa River, August 1910.

Much larger than absimilis Warr. (Nov, Zool. viii. p. 193)—of which, however,

simplex Warr. (Nov. Zool. xix. p. 78, as Dioscore) = reversa Warr. (ibid. p. 81, as

Pyrrhaspis) may be alarger form; darker green, the postmedian row of spots much

more out of alignment, the blotch at posterior margin in $ much larger (wanting in

the simplex form), the fringes more strongly spotted, especially beneath. In that

species, too, the hindwing venation is almost as in Thalassodes, while here the

discocellulars are much less oblique, the stalkings of SC? and of M! are shorter,

and R? arises nearer to R? (in the 2 very close to it).

75, Prasinocyma infirma spec. nov.

?, 34mm. Smaller than glauca Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 135), costal margin

slightly more roanded, colour less bluish green (near that of Hemithea distinctaria

Walk.), the rows of white spots arranged about as in glauca but much smaller, the

spot on SM? narrow, oblique outwards, extending so as to reach posterior margin,

cell-dots smaller, costal edge less bright yellow, fringe green, the dark terminal dots

obsolete above, very small beneath.

Abdomen with small white dorsal spots. Forewing with SC! anastomosing

with C, R! stalked.

Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

76. Prasinocyma deviata spec. noy.

3%, 30-31 mm. Face with a few fine, projecting hairs; green, somewhat

paler below. Palpus little elongate, second joint with a few fine, projecting hairs

beneath ; green, paler beneath. Vertex narrowly white; occiput green. Antennal

shaft white ; pectinations green, long, strong, ending rather abruptly at about four-

fifths. Thorax and abdomen dorsally green, the latter with one or two small white

spots. Hindtibia in ¢ little dilated.

Forewing with apex pointed; SC! anastomosing with C, R! stalked ; bluish

green (very pale blue-green with dense deep green irroration), the lines fine, paler,

respectively followed and preceded by olive-green shades (narrow bands) ; first from

costa at about one-third, excurved anteriorly, then nearly vertical; second from costa

at less than 2 mm. from apex, very slightly excurved at first, then oblique and very

faintly incurved to posterior margin at scarcely beyond two-thirds ; asmall indistinct

dark cell-spot near the first line. Hindwing with termen faintly crenulate, slightly

bent at R® ; marked as forewing, the first line curved, nearer base than on forewing,

second rather similarly formed to that of forewing, but not incurved,

( 425 )

Under-surface pale green, costal margin of forewing narrowly pale ochreous,

both wings with faint traces of darker postmedian line or band.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), Type (¢), two other

36 and one ? in coll. Rothschild.

77. Prasinocyma venata spec. nov.

32, 35-38 mm. Closely similar to the preceding but much larger, ground-

colour rather paler, the veins standing out distinctly darker, the lines scarcely paler

than the ground-colour, thus chiefly indicated by the accompanying olivaceous bands;

first line on forewing less strongly curved costally, on hindwing straight, second

line rather farther from termen ; both wings with distinct dark green cell-mark,

extending the entire length of the discocellulars. Abdomen without white dorsal

spots. Face and palpus normal, the latter with third joint rather longer than in

deviata. ;

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). ‘Type (¢), 8 other dd

and one ? in coll. Rothschild.

78. Prasinocyma tripuncta spec. nov.

?, 32-34mm. Face green; vertex white ; occiput green. Palpus little longer

than diameter of eye, third joint relatively short ; green, beneath white. Thorax

und abdomen green above, whitish beneath.

Forewing with SC free, R! stalked (in the type specimen only very shortly) ;

subdiaphanous dull green marked with rather deeper and brighter green ; costal

edge ochreous ; a small opaque green patch at base, followed by green sprinkling,

which under the lens is seen to consist of interrupted, longitudinally arranged

scaling, its distal boundary vague, especially costally, but apparently at about 4 mm.

on costal margin, crossing M at 3°5 mm. and here marked by a very distinct (less

distinct in cotype) dark green spot, then running outwards along submedian fold

to 5°5 mm., finally about vertical to posterior margin; cell-spot dark green ; post-

median line deeply Innulate-dentate, the teeth directed distad on the veins, that on

R® projecting much less than those on R', R?, M' and M?, the inward curve on

snbmedian fold rather strong. Hindwing with C approximated to cell for some

distance near base ; a discal dot and lunulate-dentate postmedian line.

Under-surface paler, almost unmarked, costal margin of forewing yellowish

ochreons ; discal dots faintly indicated.

Mount Goliath, Jannary—February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type and cotype in

coll. Rothschild.

By texture, scaling, ete., certainly a Prasinocyma, though the rather short

palpus only just escapes confusion with Chlorocoma Turner,

79. Prasinocyma bipuncta spec. nov.

2,29mm. Very similar to the preceding, differing as follows :

Rather smaller; head entirely green, except a very narrow white fillet between

the antennae ; palpus about half as long again as diameter of eye, the third joint

very slender and rather elongate (measuring about ‘> mm.). Forewing with SC!

anastomosing with © and at a point with SC’, R' separate ; rather more whitish

green, the darker scaling rather sparser and more uniformly distributed ; costal

edge more narrowly and less brightly ochreous above, scarcely ochreous beneath ;

( 426 )

subbasal green shading nearly obsolete, on the contrary, a distinct antemedian line

present, lunulate-dentate, the teeth pointing basewards on M and SM*; no dark

green spot on M; discal spot black; postmedian line with the tooth on R* as

prominent as those on R! R?, aud M!; that on M?, on the contrary, much less

prominent, the inward curve on submedian fold thus appearing less deep.

Hindwing with C touching cell at a point only, then rapidly diverging ; black

discal spot and postmedian line nearly as on forewing.

Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

80. Prasinocyma signifera superba subsp. nov.

2, 31-82 mm. Larger than typical signifera Warr. (Nov. Zool, x. p. 360),

from the Aroa River, and recently obtained from the Oetakwa River; discal mark

of forewing slightly, of hindwing much larger (2°5 mm. x 15 mm.), the latter

without white circumscription, almost entirely ochreous, strongly overlaid with

bright red, the scattered blackish atoms about as in the type form.

Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), 2 % 2 in coll. Rothschild.

81. Prasinocyma geometrica spec. nov.

3, 29 mm. Face, fillet, and antenna whitish. Palpus slender, moderately

elongate ; green above, white beneath. Crown of head, dorsal surface of thorax, ~

and base of abdomen green ; abdomen posteriorly more shaded with fuscous,

Forewing with distal margin faintly subcrenulate, more oblique posteriorly to

M' than anteriorly ; subdiaphanous grey-green, the basal area and the region of the

cell-spot somewhat dusted with fuscous ; a fuscous spot near base, another on SC

before first line ; first line fuscous, deeply and irregularly Iunulate-dentate, some-

what interrupted, only reaching from SC to posterior margin, deeply dentate

inwards on M and rather Jess deeply on SM’; a rather large roundish fuscous spot

on cell-fold close to end of cell, almost immediately followed by a biangulate fuscous

mark which oceupies DC? and part of DC’, then runs outward, is sharply angled

again on the radial fold, and terminates at the posterior extremity of cell ; post-

median line strongly and irregularly lunulate-dentate, darker grey-green, only

marked with fuscous at the extremities of a few of the teeth between the veins ;

arising 4 mm. before apex, strongly outbent at R! and with a very deep curve

inwards behind M?; termen with a row of fuscous spots at vein-ends.— Hindwing

crenulate, with a slightly sharper point at R*; discal, postmedian, and terminal

markings as on forewing.

Underside whitish green, the discal markings faintly showing through.

Monnt Goliath, February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

Perhaps nearest to caniola Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 360), but abundantly

distinct. The peculiarly formed discal marks, with the aid of some illusion from

the fuscous dusting, suggest in some aspects the typical “looping” posture of a

Geometrid larva, the roundish spot representing the head, the biangulate mark the

body.

82. Prasinocyma vagrans spec. noy.

3,28 mm. Closely related to vagabunda Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 361) in

structure, colour, and markings. Much smaller, of a slightly fuller green, the

markings rather more heavily punctuated in places with rast-colour ; postmedian

( 427 )

line right-angled on M* (in vagabunda only faintly denticulate). Underside of

forewing with costal edge broadly tinted with rust-colour, a discal mark on DC*

the same; of hindwing without spots at ends of Rt and R*. The hindleg appears

less dilated, and I cannot find a hair-pencil.

Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

83. Prasinocyma phoenicogramma spec. nov.

?,22 mm. Face red; vertex white; occiput red. Palpus scarcely half as -

long again as diameter of eye, third joint not much elongate. Thorax and abdomen

dorsally greenish.

Wings rather pale yellowish green. Forewing with SC? anastomosing with C;

costal edge tinged with red ; lines purplish red; first at before one-fourth, curved,

not sharply defined ; second from costa at beyond two-thirds, parallel with termen,

nearly straight or very faintly wavy, distinct; terminal interrupted at vein-ends ;

discal dot minute, black mixed with red; fringe tinged with pale reddish proxi-

mally. Hindwing bluntly angled at R*; DC? oblique, M' almost connate with R? ;

first line wanting ; second scarcely beyond middle of wing, somewhat incurved

between the radials, so as rather closely to approach the discal dot.

Underside with forewing suffused with dull reddish from costal margin to M,

except at extreme termen, otherwise very pale greenish; terminal line and fringes

as above.

Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.

In the absence of the ¢, and of manifest relationship to any known species,

the generic position of this neat little species is somewhat uncertain. The

basa] expansion of hindwing is sufficiently strong to justify a suspicion that the

do may possibly prove to be without a frenulum.

84. Prasinocyma oxybeles spec. nov.

3, 30-31 mm. Face bright red in upper half, pure white in lower. Palpus

little longer than diameter of eye, red, terminal joint mostly white. Vertex white ;

occiput narrowly bright red. Thorax above green; abdomen somewhat paler

(possibly a little discoloured), marked with red dorsally, excepting the first seg-

ments, the red enclosing two or three roundish white spots. Legs pale, forefemur

and tibia shaded with red.

Forewing shaped as in the Neotropical genus Vuchyphyle, the costa being

arched distally, apex acute, termen straight or even faintly subconcave, tornus

pronounced ; cell produced anteriorly, SC! free or anastomosing briefly with C,

R stalked; green, somewhat olive-tinted (perhaps slightly faded) ; costal margin

crimson (especially in proximal part), extreme edge fuscous ; a conspicuous crimson

spot at apex, extending into the fringe ; lines represented chiefly by red spots on

the veins, those of the proximal series the larger, placed in a triangle on SC,

cell-fold and M (at base of M*) and a fourth on SM?*, the connecting line very

indistinct, deeply outangled in cell and in submedian area; distal series from

posterior margin at beyond two-thirds, slightly oblique outwards as far as R', then

a little recurved, but scarcely indicated in front of SC°, the connecting line ex-

tremely indistinct, forming a series of deep lunules proximally to the spots ; a red

discal spot (in the type specimen somewhat elongate)tanteriorly to R* and a smaller

( 428 )

one in the middle of DC; extreme distal margin and fringe pale. Hindwwing

slightly elongate in the direction of tornus, termen almost inappreciably bent at

R*; cell short (scarcely two-fifths), M' well stalked; no proximal markings, cell-

spot slight, simple, distal series and termen as on forewing. ;

Under-surface strongly flushed with crimson (at base of costa of forewing deep

crimson), leaving only the apical part, termen and posterior margin of forewing and

all the margins of hindwing very pale green.

Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A. 8. Meek), 2 32 in coll. Rothschild.

Very like Prasinocyma (?) papuensis Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 134), but

distinct in the absence of tail to the hindwing, the red upper part of face and rather

more extended red blush on hindwing.

85. Prasinocyma syntyche spec. noy.

3?, 28-26 mm. Closely similar to oxycentra Meyr. (Proc. Linn. Soc. New

S. Wales (2) ii. p. 888), on an average smaller, 2 palpus rather longer, costal margin

of forewing more reddish at base, the broad white costal border afterwards under-

lined with yellow, in apical third (or more) more broadly with red than in any

oxycentra ; distal border of both wings more broadly red, completely separating

the terminal white vein-dots from the green ground-colour. The discal dots are

also on an average somewhat larger, the bend in the termen of hindwing at R®

generally slighter but varying somewhat.:

Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft., October—

December 1910 (A. 8. Meek), 3 do (including the type) in coll. Rothschild ;

Upper Setekwa River, August—September 1910, 3 ¢¢,1 ? in coll. Rothschild ;

Fak-Fak, Dutch New Guinea, December 1907—February 1908, 3 dd in coll. Brit.

Mns. and coll. L. B. Prout ; Wataikwa River, New Guinea, August 1910 (A. F. R.

Wollaston), ? in coll. Brit. Mus.

86. Prasinocyma votiva spec. noy.

3, 28-30 mm.; 2 28mm. Face and palpus green; third joint of palpus in

? moderately elongate. Vertex white, occiput green, a narrow band of deep

golden yellow separating the two colours. Antennal shaft white, towards the tip

red. Thorax and abdomen green above, whitish beneath. Foreleg reddish yellow

on innerside, the coxa green.

Wings yellow-green. Forewing with costal margin at base reddish, the rest

pure white, in proximal half posteriorly, in distal half anteriorly edged narrowly

with golden yellow; lines pale, lunulate-dentate, very indistinct except on the

veins, where the teeth are minutely white; cell-dot mixed blackish and red;

terminal line consisting of dark red dashes between the veins, thus intermediate

between the spots of marginepunctata Warr. and the little-interrupted line of

laticostata; fringe deep golden yellow, paler at. tips. Hindwing with termen

slightly bent at R*; cell-dot, postmedian, termen and fringe as on forewing.

Under-surface whitish ; forewing anteriorly pale green, this colour nearly

filling the cell but narrowing somewhat distally, the extreme costal edge yellow.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8, Meek). Type (¢), 2 other do

and 1 @ in coll. Rothschild.

The shape, colour and markings, and the short (sometimes very short) terminal

( 429 )

spurs show the close affinity of this species with the /loresaria group. Perhaps it

is a form of daticostata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 84), very slightly larger, bend

in termen of hindwing rather more feeble, colour yellower green, fringe brighter

golden, terminal line less nearly continuous, costal area of forewing beneath more

differentiated.

This group and especially marginepuncta Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p, 356, 2 =

Oenospila peristicta Prout, Gen. Ins. 129. p. 162, 3) and laticostata Warr. seem to

connect the genus Oenospila Swinh. with Prasinocyma, and it is to be feared (as I

already hinted, Joc. cit.) that the latter large and less specialised genus will

ultimately have to be merged in the small and specialised Oenospila, which bears

the chronologically antecedent name.

87. Prasinocyma discoprivata spec. noy.

3%, 36-40 mm. Face bright green. Palpus with third joint moderately

elongate; green, white beneath. Vertex and antennal shaft white ; occiput green,

separated from the white vertex by a very narrow yellow band or line. Thorax

and abdomen green above, white beneath ; extremity of abdomen also white above ;

a yellow dorsal line. Legs mostly white, forecoxa green in front, forelez smoky

on upper and outer side.

Wings apple-green, shaped nearly as in discata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 83),

the bend in the termen of hindwing inappreciable, the termen not even so convex

as in most of the allies. Forewing with costa yellow at base, otherwise the

extreme edge pure white, narrowly separated from the ground-colour by yellow

slightly mixed with reddish brown ; a reddish brown spot at apex; lines very

faintly pale, little noticeable; first from about one-fourth costa, oblique to

posterior margin beyond one-third, slightly outbent behind M and then inbent, but

much less irregular than in discata ; second placed as in discata but rather more

shallowly dentate; a very small blackish cell-spot touching distal side of DC, a

faint red mark on the proximal curve of DC*; a yellow terminal line dusted with

red-brown proximally and with minute red-brown dots at vein-ends ; fringe pale

yellow. Hindwing similar except costal edge, the black cell-spot not accom-

panied by a red mark.

Underside whitish green, costal part of forewing brighter green, including cell

but narrowing to apex ; costal edge of forewing yellow at base, then white, a

red-brown line (thickest towards base) separating this edging from the green

colour ; the costal extremity of veins C and SC! also tinged with red-brown and

a red-brown spot at apex.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek), 7 dd, 12 in coll.

Rothschild.

Together with this form were received 4 $d whose appearance is rendered

strikingly different by the presence of a large deep purple-fuscous discal blotch on

the hindwing, as large as in the least extreme discata but unicolorous. The form

may he distinguished as ab. semidiscata ab. nov.

This species evidently belongs to the group which seems transitional towards

Gigantothea or perhaps towards Chrysochloroma; SC! of forewing free, or anasto-

mosing slightly with C, DC* deeply incurved, R? of hindwing from much above

middle of DC, R' and R* both rather shortly stalked; hindleg with strong hair-

pencil, all spurs developed.

( as )

88. Prasinocyma perpolluta spec. nov.

Chlorochroma polluta Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 356) 2, nec ¢.

3,35 mm.; 2, 31-35 mm. Differs from polluta Warr. (3) = bicornuta Warr.

(Nov. Zool. xix. p. 75) in having the postmedian line of both wings markedly

dentate (in polluta only faintly wavy), both lines on forewing accompanied by (or

even almost replaced by) red shading, nearly the entire median area of this wing

clouded with fuscous-reddish. The size seems to be on an average rather larger.

I can find no other distinctions. The structure agrees ; palpus in both sexes with

terminal joint rather short (especially in the ¢); ¢ hindtibia strongly dilated.

Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 2000—3000 ft.,

September 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type (d) and ? in coll. Rothschild. There is a ¢

from near Oetakwa River in coll. Brit. Mus., and Warren’s 2 polduta from the Upper

Aroa River, British New Guinea, also belongs here.

Mr. Warren in his description of pol/uta mixed two forms which he has since

recognised as species. The possibility is not absolutely excluded that his first idea

may prove correct, in spite of the remarkable difference in the shape of the

postmedian line. Unfortunately his type specimen (the d ) is of the form (or

species) which he has recently named dicornuta, and the ¢—belonging to the form

which he is now regarding as pol/uta—was nameless. The dimorphism, if such it —

be, is in any case not sexual.

89. Prasinocyma intermedia approximata subsp. nov.

3 2, 38-45 mm. Differs from typical intermedia Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 131)

in its larger average size and in the antemedian line of the forewing. This is about

4 mm. distant from the base both at costal and posterior margins, and is angled

outwards on the median vein. The postmedian line is rather broader, the red

discal mark better developed, both above and beneath. The angled antemedian

line and the size bring it remarkably near to datistriga Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii.

p- 84), in which, however, the first line is more oblique (from costal margin at —

3 mm. to posterior margin at 5 mm.) and which lacks the pale yellow dorsal line of

abdomen, which intermedia shares with most of the group.

Mount Goliath, Jannary—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), type and others (d)

in coll. Rothschild ; Upper Setekwa River, September 1910, a 9 in the same

collection. a

90. Prasinocyma ruficulmen spec. nov.

3,48 mm. Face green. Palpus red, beneath whitish. Vertex and base of

antenna suow-white, the former bounded behind by a red line; occiput green. —

Thorax and abdomen above green, with a long mediodorsal ridge of brick-red ;

beneath greenish white. Legs pale, the anterior pair darkened above and on —

inner side; hindtibia dilated with hair-pencil, spurs short, tarsus about two-thirds —

tibia. ‘

Wing-shape and aspect of consobrina Warr. (Nov. Zool. xix. p. 75, as Chloro-

chroma). Whitish green, densely irrorated with blue-green,.the veins darker and

more olivaceons. Forewing with costal edge red, mach paler from just before

first line to beyond cell; lines rather thick, orange-red; first from before one-

fifth costa, oblique outwards to SC, thence straight to hindmargin at about one-

fourth, weakly pale-edged proximally ; second from SC* at beyond three-fourths, |

almost straight, nearly parallel with termen, white-margined distally ; cell-spot

( 431 )

black, in middle of DC*, seated on a curved red-brown mark which occupies the

whole of DC?—DC* and projects a prong along the base of R*; fringe red, with

small obscure dark spots at vein-ends. Hindwing with both lines equally strong,

nearly straight, similarly white-edged ; cell-spot rather small, dark green ; fringe as

on forewing.

Under-surtace whitish green, with postimedian line faintly indicated, forewing

with costal half dusted with brick-red to beyond middle, the dusting narrowing

off distally ; fringes brick-red with dark spots extending on to the vein-ends.

? quite like the d but larger, expanding about 58 mm. ; palpus scarcely longer

than in the ¢. ;

Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 3500 ft.,

November 1908—Jannary 1909. Type in coll. L. B. Prout, also one from the

same locality in coll. Brit. Mus., and I have recently seen it from near Oetakwa

River, Snow Mountains, up to 3500 ft., October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek), in

coll. Rothschild.

91. Prasinocyma corolla spec. nov.

2, 40-44 mm. Extremely like the preceding except in its considerably

smaller size. Dorsal line white, not red, less raised (more as in consobrina, etc.) ;

coloration slightly duller and more uniform, veins less contrasted, especially on

hindwing ; lines somewhat narrower and of a duller red, first line not pale-edged

proximally, on forewing dentate at M and SM’, on hindwing less straight than in

rujiculmen ; shading about discocellulars and base of R? on forewing broader but

rather ill-defined ; discal spot of hindwing rather darker; fringes whitish, slightly

tinged with reddish proximally, preceded only by a red terminal line, on which,

however, the dots at vein-ends are strong, blackish.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Datch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). Type (d) and % in coll. Rothschild.

Nearly related also to rujistriga Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii, p. 85), differing in the

less yellow-tinged dorsal line, greyer green wings, duller red markings, first line of

hindwing incurved in submedian area, presence of red shading distally to the cell-

mark of the forewing and especially in the termen and fringe; in rufistriga the

terminal red line is weak, and not black-dotted on the veins, the fringe reddish with

a white line at base. Moreover the d hindtibia is rather thicker in corolla, with

shorter terminal spurs.

92. Gigantothea gigas flavimargo subsp. nov.

3%, 38-40 mm. Smaller than typical gigas Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 355),

costal edge and fringes clearer golden ochreous, the redder proximal part being

much narrowed, dorsal stripe of abdomen similarly clearer than in the type form ;

discal dots minute, green, less dark than in the type, lines fine, that of hindwing more

strongly bent in middle than in the type. Second joint of palpus green above (in

the type bright ochreous). The ¢ tibial armature is typical ; in ménor Warr. (Nov.

Zool. x. p. 355) the terminal spurs are longer, and minute medians are sometimes

present, and it is not quite certain that the genus is tenable.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). ‘Type in coll. Rothschild, Also other

examples from this locality and from the Upper Setekwa River, August—

September 1910,

( 432 )

Prasinocyma flavilimes Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 83) shows some similarity,

but differs in the hindtibial armature, has the fringe light yellow and many other

distinctions.

Strepsichlora Warr.

Strepsichlora Warr., Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 136 (1907).

Blechromopsis Warr , ibid, xix. p. 72 (1912).

Not only in structure but also in entire facies these genera are absolutely

identical, and the erection of the second was evidently an oversight. Fortunately

no synonymy, I think, has been created in the species, though both costipicta and

nubifera are very closely related to ‘nguinata, and one or other may perhaps prove

a local race of it, while dissimilis is equally near to acutilunata.

Oxychora Warr.

Oxychora Warr., Nov, Zool. v. p. 236 (1898).

Oxypora Warr., ibid. xix. p. 79 (1912),

I do not think these are more than sections of a single genus. The 3

structure is identical, as also the facies; but there is a hitherto unrecorded

distinction in the ? antenna, which may justify our retaining the name Oxypora

as subgeneric.

The type of Oxychora (tenuis Warr.) was described from the ¢ alone, but I

have now before mea ? from near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Datch New

Guinea, October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek), and find it has the antenna strongly

pectinate, almost as in the ¢. In dentilinea and spilota, on the other hand, the

§ antenna is virtually simple (‘closely pubescent”), as recorded by Warren ;

the same is the case with batis Warr., which I have transferred to Oxychora.

93. Oxychora batis eusticta subsp. nov.

?. Differs from typical datzs Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 78) in having more

distinct series of white vein-dots (traceable, but weak, in Warren’s type) and

longer terminal and tornal blotches. Both series of dots on the forewing start

in the brown costal margin, the first at about one-fifth, the second at about three-

fourths or beyond ; first outbent in cell, then nearly vertical to posterior margin ;

second somewhat oblique inwards to R?, then outbent, again strongly inbent, rather

near first line from M? to posterior margin, which it reaches about the middle. The

latter series reproduced on hindwing.

d. The ¢ of this species is hitherto undescribed ; the frenulum is quite short

and slender, the basal expansion of hindwing (as also in ¢) well marked; the

palpus has both second and third joints slender, smooth and elongate ; hindtibia

moderately dilated, with hair-pencil, the tarsus rather short. Slightly smaller than

the 2, of a somewhat fuller green, the marginal blotches as a rule considerably

smaller, and these (together with all the other “ fleshy ochreous” parts) much

more strongly coloured, redder. In the absence of the ¢ of batis batis it is of

course impossible to say whether, or how, the present race differs from it.

Mount Goliath, Jannary—Febrnary 1911 (A. 8. Meek), 6 dd, 3 9% in coll.

Rothschild.

94. Metallochlora roseifimbria spec. nov.

3,27 mm. Face red. Palpus with second joint reddish above, whitish

beneath, third joint above ochreous, Vertex narrowly ochreous, occiput green,

( 433 )

Antenna ochreous, a short proximal part unicolorous, then with the shaft red-

spotted. Thorax and abdomen above green, the latter becoming ochreous towards

the extremity ; the crests shining deep red.

Forewing with SC free, SC? arising close before SC’; bright green as in proximata

Warr. and subsp. cércumscripta Warr.,* costal edge ochreous with a few dark dots;

discal dot dark red, a very faintly darker green line (scarcely discernible) running

from it to posterior margin, parallel with postmedian; postmedian line equally

faintly darker green, but rendered more apparent by a thicker, slightly paler green

shade which accompanies it distally; nearly straight from costal margin before

two-thirds to posterior margin at fully three-fourths; a rather narrow pale yellow

line before the terminal, widening midway between the veins and enclosing

elongate fuscons marks ; terminal line dark, very slender; fringe rose-pink.

Hindwing moderately angled at R*; similar to forewing, without first line, post-

median rather less oblique.

Underside yellow-green, unmarked ; terminal dark marks and pink fringe

nearly as above.

Vella Lavella, Solomons, March 1908. Type in coll. Rothschild.

Differs from proximata in the more angled hindwing, position and course of

postmedian line (on both wings very much further from termen) and the brighter

rose-coloured fringes.

95. Neromia picticosta spec. nov.

3,22 mm. Face dark red, lower part ochreous ; vertex pale ochreous ; occiput

green. Palpus short, dark red. Antennal shaft pale ochreous, spotted with dark

red; ciliation moderate. Thorax and abdomen dorsally green, abdomen not

erested. Fore and middle legs red above and on inner side; hindtibia not

dilated.

Wings dull bluish green, irrorated with white-——Forewing with costal

margin pale ochreous, with a dark red basal streak 2 mm. in length, scarcely at all

broken into spots, afterwards with a number of rather irregularly distributed red

spots, the last close to apex; two broad whitish lines, the antemedian obsolescent

at costa, from before one-third, slightly bent in cell, then vertical to posterior

margin at a little beyond one-third; postmedian almost straight, almost parallel

with termen, about 2 mm. therefrom ; fringe concoiorous, or slightly paler distally.

Hindwing with postmedian continuing that of forewing, straight to beyond M’,

then very slightly curved away from tornus and narrowing.

Underside paler, especially the posterior part of forewing and entire hindwing ;

lines obsolete; forewing with costal margin as far as SC pale ochreous, almost

entirely covered with red.

Antananarivo (Chulliat). Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Probably a little faded, being of exactly the colour which is assumed by the

species of the genus Mivocera when they have been on the wing a short time.

A slender, reddish frenulum is present, thus the species is certainly not a Méxocera,

but in the absence of the ? it cannot be positively stated that it may not have to

be removed to Chlorissa. It may be added that % material in the African species

which haye been referred to Chlorissa is much wanted ; I have recently discovered

that one or two are two-spurred, ¢.c, will have to be transferred to Neromia.

* M. circumscripta only differs from prowimata in the slightly broader yellow line before the

termen, and is possibly only an aberration,

( 434 )

Neurotoca Warr.

This genus must be removed from Group VI., where—pending the discovery

of the $—I left it in my revision (Gen. Ins. 129, p, 228). By the kindness of

Mr. A. J, T. Janse of Pretoria I have now been able to examine 2 dd of

Y. endorhoda Hmpsn., and to add one to my own collection, and 1 find that the

frenulum is present. The genus may be placed next to Neromia, from which it

differs in the pectinate antenna in both sexes, crested abdomen (this should be

added to the diagnosis), etc. In the generic key it will separate from Pseudhemithea

under No. 28: ;

Antenna pectinate : 5 é q : ; Neurotoca.

Antenna not pectinate . : : ‘ ‘ : Pseudhemithea.

96. Diplodesma ussuriaria (Brem.).

Todes ussuriavia Brem. Mém, Acad. Sci. St.-Pét. viii. p. 77. t. 6. £. 24 (1864).

Hemithea ussuriaria Stgr. Cat. (ed, 3). p. 265 (1901) ; Prout, Gen. Ins. 129. p. 170 (1912).

Hemithea eluta Wileman, Tr. Ent, Soc. Lond. p. 337 (1911).

Diplodesma eluta Prout, Gen. Ins. 129. p. 252 (1912).

I had never been able to satisfy myself as to the species represented by

Bremer’s poor figure and brief description until September last, when Herr R.

Piingeler, of Aachen, kindly sent for my inspection examples from his collection.

There is no doubt that his determination is correct, and that the insect is the

same which has been recently described by Wileman as eduta and which I placed

in Diplodesma on account of the stalking of SC'. Like my pudentifimbria, how-

ever, it shows in fresh specimens a crested abdomen, and it is still an open question

whether my Déplodesma, sect. iii, would be best treated as an aberrant section

of Hemithea or of Diplodesma, or as a separate genus intermediate between

the two.

97. Omphax ornatimargo spec. nov.

, 26-31 mm. Face, vertex, palpus, and base of antenna deep purple-red ;

collar ferruginous. Thorax green above, pale beneath. Fore and middle legs

partly purple-red. Abdomen pale, anteriorly more ochreous, a miuute ferruginous, —

purple-mixed crest at base.

Forewing broad, even for this genus, termen slightly more ventricose than

in the other species ; SC! in both examples anastomosing at a point with C, free

from SC*, DC extremely oblique ; ground-colour as in plantaria Guen., costal

margin bright yellowish ferruginous, the edge basally dark purple-red ; termen

ferruginons, overlaid with a reddish-fuscous pattern consisting of somewhat

triangular markings, their apices on the veins, their bases narrowly connected

by reddish-fuscous shading between; fringe ferruginous, spotted and dusted with

reddish-fuscous. Hindwing the same, the costal margin paler, not marked with

red at base.

Under-surface dirty pale yellowish, somewhat dusted with reddish.

Minna, Northern Nigeria, September 17, 1910, and July 1910 (Scott Mactie,

type and co-type respectively in coll. Brit. Mus., the latter the larger.

. Rhodesia depompata spec. nov. a

3?, 25-26mm. Face dirty olive with a slight reddish admixture; vertex

white, occiput pale green, Palpus in ¢ shortish, third joint not strongly elongate;

( 435 )

-in ? with third joint rather long and slender, but much less extreme than in

alboviridata Saalm., mostly purple-red. Antennal shaft white in proximal half,

more reddish in distal; ¢ with rather long pectinations, ? not pectinate. Thorax

and base of abdomen dorsally green; abdomen otherwise whitish, mixed with

purple-reddish dorsally and with two or three small narrow crests.

Forewing bright green, costal edge white mixed with purple-pink (lighter

than in z¢iridalbata, but otherwise similar); discal dot white, a smaller white

dot anterior to it on DC? (as in viridalbata) ; lines nearly obsolete, the postmedian

faintly indicated by a few minute white vein-dots; a fine dark reddish terminal

line interrupted by minute white dots at the vein-ends; fringe nearly as in

viridalbata. Hindwing with C anastomosing with SC to middle of cell ; marked

as forewing, except the costal edge.

Under-surface whitish green, costal edge of forewing reddish, becoming pale

distally ; both wings with fine fuscous terminal line, interrupted at the veins.

Johannesburg (J. P. Cregoe). Type (d) and 2 2? in coll. Brit. Mus., ex

coll. Distant.

In the nearly unmarked wings, with purplish fringes, this species rather

recalls a Heterorachis than a Rhodesia, and even in structure it is not absolutely

typical, the less extreme palpus being an irregularity.

99. Hierochthonia robusta spec. nov.

?, 16 mm. Face ochreous, head otherwise whitish. Palpns fully as long

as diameter of eye, rather stout, ochreous, more whitish towards base. Antennal

shaft whitish at base, becoming more ochreous; shortly pectinate. Thorax and

abdomen green above, whitish beneath ; abdomen robust. Legs more ochreous.

Forewing shaped as in petitaria Chr., or termen slightly more oblique ; SC!

well free, R! connate with SC**, DC* curved, becoming strongly oblique, M! connate

or nearly so; pale yellow-green, closely irrorated with bright grass-green, the

resultant tone about as in petitaria; costal edge pale yellowish ; no markings,

only in some lights a faint suggestion of a paler postmedian line, placed rather

far distally, and of a darkening of the green colour in the position of the cell-spot.

Fringe green proximally, more yellowish distally. Hindwing less elongate

costally than in petifaria ; C anastomosing with SC to about one-half the cell ;

DOC* somewhat curved, becoming oblique, R? from little above middle of DO,

M' short-stalked ; concolorous with forewing, unmarked or with faint indication

of cell-spot.

Port Sudan, Red Sea (N. E. Waterfield), 2 % 2 in coll. Brit. Mus.

The cotype is a sport in venation, SC? in both wings bifureate from rather

near its point of origin,

Chloroparda Prout.

Concerning this genus I wrote (Gen. Ins, 129, p, 140): “Tt is unfortunate to

be compelled to found a genus upon a species of which we have only the ? before

us, but the combination of characters marks it out as abundantly distinct. Should

the d frenulam prove to be absent, it must be transferred to the vicinity of

Thalera, from which it differs widely in venation, but little otherwise.” I have

now seen a d in coll. Rothschild (also from Burma, the only known habitat),

and find, as I suspected, that the frenulum is wanting; antennal pectinations

long. I propose placing it next after Thalera, and in my key to Group VL,

( 436 )

after No. 14 (“ Hindtibia with terminal spurs only”), Its separation can quite

simply be effected thus :

Forewing with SC? arising after SC* . ; 5 : . Chloroparda,

Forewing with SC? arising before SC® ; : : . the rest.

Dysdamartia gen. noy.

Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes quite short, hairy beneath. Tongue

present. Antenna not quite one-half length of forewing, in both sexes bipectinate

almost to apex, the earlier branches long in d, moderate in 2. Pectus and femora

glabrous. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen slightly

erested. Trenulum wanting in both sexes. Forewing with costa arched, especially

at base, apex roundly prominent, termen strongly excised between apex and R*,

strongly prominent between R* and M'; cell about one-half, DC curved, becoming

oblique, SC! from near end of cell, anastomosing at a point or shortly with C,

SC*~ long-stalked, SC? separating first, R' separate, M' well separate. THindwing

with termen rounded, only straight between R! and R%, tornus rather pronounced ;

cell about one-half, DC shortly inbent anteriorly, then rather strongly oblique

outwards ; C anastomosing at a point or scarcely more with cell near base, SC?

stalked, R? from near R', M! well separate.

Type of the genus: Dysdamartia quaesita spec. nov.

Near Chloroparda, but with SC? of forewing arising before SC’, termen of

hindwing not excised, etc. Differs also from Thalera in shape, abdominal crests,

etc, The sexes differ greatly in markings in the only known species, which is not

at all the case in those genera. In my key, Group VL., the wording under No. 13

had better be slightly changed, as Dysdamartia is in a measure intermediate. If

we read “Abdomen strongly crested ” for Lophostola and ‘ Abdomen not or slightly

crested” for the rest, no confusion can arise. The new genus can then be introduced

at No, 19:

Abdomen somewhat crested ; forewing with termen deeply excised

Dysdamartia.

Abdomen not crested ; forewing with termen smooth . Cymatoplex ; Mixocera.

100. Dysdamartia quaesita spec. nov.

3, 22-23 mm. Face and palpus red. Antennal shaft pale straw-colour

spotted with red. Vertex and thorax above green. Thorax beneath, with legs,

largely reddish. Abdomen ochreous, mixed with reddish, especially dorsally.

Forewing vich deep green, the costal edge reddish ochreous, a small (occasionally

larger) whitish spot between R* and M! at their base, edged, irregularly and variably,

with a rim of mixed black and red scales ; fringe shining pale yellowish, mostly

purple-blackish at base, and with spots of the same colour extending irregularly

and to variable distances across the fringe, the largest and most prominent covering

it between R* and M', Hlindwing pale fleshy, sometimes whitish, always darken-

ing at termen and especially at tornus and inner margin, the dark tornal blotch

sometimes mixed with fuscous, always separated from the inner-marginal darkening

by a narrow pale space ; fringe concolorous with that of forewing, none of the dark —

spots (or only that at apex) crossing it completely. Underside bright reddish,

paler towards inner margin of both wings, especially of forewing ; costal edge of

forewing bright ochreous, ro

( 437)

2, 26-28 mm. Differs as follows: Forewing above rather less bright green

and with a very large blotch (either grey or purple-red) from tornus to R?,

encroaching into cell, on posterior margin occupying at least one-third of wing, on

termen reaching at least to M’, its proximal edge more or less indented between M

and SM?;-a narrow distal border of the same colour adjoining the blotch, becoming

wider round the wing-excision but very narrow again at apex.- Tlindwing grey,

faintly violaceous, in the red-blotched examples strongly suffused with reddish,

especially towards inner margin ; distinct traces of a darker, pale-edged median

line, slightly concave; fringes less darkly marked than in ¢. Underside grey,

except costal edge of forewing ; both wings (especially forewing) with some reddish

suffusion basally.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911.(A. S. Meek), a good series of both

sexes in coll. Rothschild; the type d dated February.

Rather variable apart from the sexual dimorphism. In one d, in which the

normally present spot is abnormally large and crosses M’, there is a second, similar

bat much smaller spot posterior to it, touching M*. Two % % taken in January, both

red-blotched, vary in the depth of the colour, and one has a distinct red line along

R$ and red bar along R? connecting the blotch with the distal border.

Dichordophora gen. nov.

Face smooth. Palpus rather strong, second joint reaching beyond frons, rongh-

scaled above and beneath, third joint distinct, moderate. Tongue developed.

Antenna in both sexes pectinate to beyond three-fourths, the branches in ¢ rather

long, in ? short. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora nearly glabrous. Hindtibia

in d not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested.

Frenulum wanting in both sexes. Wings with termen entire. Iorewing with cell

less than one-half, DU strongly incurved, SC! from cell, free, or anastomosing with

C, or with Cand SC?, M! not stalked ; hindwing with cell less one-half, DC* strongly

curved, C approximated to cell to about one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked,

M! separate.

Type of the genus: Dichordophora phoenix (Prout) = Dichorda (?) phoenix

Prout, Gen. Ins. 129 p. 128.

I described the type species from the ¢ sex only, and was consequently unaware

of the absence of the ¢ frenulum ; but a referenee—even provisional—to Dichorda

was quite inexcusable, indicating an insufficient examination, for I find the ? hind-

tibia lacks the median spurs. Through the kindness of Mr. J. A. Grossbeck, who

has sent me the gd, I am now able to give a correct generic account of the species.

It is quite distinct from the other two-spurred genera of the New World in which

the d frenulum is absent (Anomphax, Kucrostes, and ? Dyscheilia). Without

disarranging the existing key to the genera, it can be introduced in No, 9 thus :

Palpus moderately long, rough-scaled ; hindwing with C approximated to cell

to about one-half. ; ; 3 ; - ; . Dichordophora.

101. Omphacodes minima spec. nov.

3,16mm. Face reddish? (discoloured) ; vertex white, occiput green. Palpus

with second joint rather long, third joint moderate. Tongue apparently wanting.

Antennal shaft white, pectinations long, brownish. Thorax and abdomen dorsally

green, spotted with cream-colour.

( 488 )

Forewing with SC! connate with SC’, anastomosing with OC, R! stalked, M*

connate; bright green with costal edge white, small white discal dot and wavy

post-median line, the latter not well expressed except as white vein-dots, slightly

excurved anteriorly and inecurved in submedian area ; termen with white dots at

the vein-ends; fringe whitish, dark-spotted opposite the veins. Hindwing

similar, the postmedian line still more ill-expressed.

Underside paler, unmarked.

Zungeru, Northern Nigeria (G. B. Simpson). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.

102. Hemistola tricolorifrons spec. nov.

3, 41-42 mm. Face red above, strongly mixed with green in middle, white

below. Palpus minute (scarcely half diameter of eye), red above, white beneath.

Antennal shaft white, pectinations long, ochreons. Head green, with a narrow

white fillet between the antennae. Thorax and abdomen green above, white beneath.

Fore and middle legs red above and on inner side; hindleg slender, tibia not

dilated. :

Wings unusually broad, smooth-margined, thinly scaled, subdiaphanous ; green,

strigulated with white, as in Prasinocyma, no markings, fringe concolorous.

Forewing with SC! anastomosing shortly with C, R! shortly stalked, M! connate ;

costal margin very narrowly ochreous, still more narrowly edged with red.

Hindwing with © shortly approximated to cell, moderately rapidly diverging, M’

shortly stalked. i

Forewing beneath paler green, becoming whitish posteriorly; costal edge

bright red in proximal half. Hindwing beneath whitish. ‘

W. slopes of Mount, Kenya, 5000—8500 ft., February 18, 1911 (S. A. Neave).

Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Also a precisely similar ¢ from Lamu Island, February 18,

1912 (S. A. Neave). - ;

Apart from the stracture this species strongly recalls Prasinocyma ampla

Warr. (Nor. Zool. xi. p. 465), though even broader-winged. The hindwing shows a

very strong basal expansion and no trace of frennlum, otherwise I should have

suspected a relationship with the slender-winged species of Heterorachis (diaphana

Warr. and asyllaria Swinh.). ,

Lophostola Prout.

Since publishing my revision I have still further confirmed the absence of

the frenulum in this interesting genus (cf. Gen. Ins. 129, pp. 229, 252). It is the

only one, so far as is yet known, which has preserved the strong abdominal crests

(which tend to disappear in the specialised forms) with the loss of the d frenulum,

and my “ perhaps,” in discussing the subject on p. 2 of my work, can be deleted.

103. Lophostola cara spec. nov.

3. Differs from annuligera Swinh. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iti. p. 94) in its

smaller size, slightly brighter, less bluish green colour, lack of dark spotting on

the ochreous costal margin of forewing, bright red discal spot on each wing, not

pale-centred and only very finely and indistinctly pale-surrounded, more yellowish

(not whitish) fringes, with no prominent fuscous line at base, the spots in the

middle of fringe more reddish fuscous ; abdominal crests likewise somewhat more

reddish. In addition, the two lines of the forewing do not terminate in markedly

( 439 )

enlarged white spots on posterior margin; on the other hand, the first line is

traceable, almost uninterrupted, as far as to vein M, excurved in submedian area.

Tooth at R* of hindwing somewhat sharper.

Bibianaha, Gold Coast, November 1911 (H. G. F. Spurrell). Type in coll.

Brit. Mus.

As a typical specimen of annuligera was taken by Mr. Spnrrell in January

1912 at the same locality, it is just possible that, in spite of its different aspect,

cara is a seasonal form of that species.

104. Berta arfakensis spec. noy.

3 3, 24 mm. Shape, coloration, and aspect of chrysolineata, which also

occurs in the Ninay Valley. do antenna pectinate for less than half its length

(in chrysolineata to beyond one-half).— Forewing with basal area white, with only

a very few olive markings ; an olive band from middle of posterior margin (where

it is nearly 2 mm. in width), outcurved a little between the medians, thence parallel

with termen, projecting strong teeth distad along the veins ; a band running from

this band at vein M, crossing the cell to costa at about one-fourth ; both these

bands enclose large white spots, which tend in places to break them up into

pairs of lines; a few olive spots in the enclosed white costal triangle, one on

midcosta being the largest; a zigzag olive subterminal line, thickening into two

blotches proximally between the radials; a terminal line similarly thickened ;

fringe chequered white and pale olive. Hindwing with irregular olive blotching

at ends of cell, enclosing a round white spot in the projecting lower arm of cell

and thickening and extending between the medians so as to join the outer line,

which is strongly dentate ; subterminal and terminal lines and fringe nearly as ou

forewing.

Differs in venation in having the angulation of the discocellulars exaggerated

in both wings, R' of forewing longer stalked, SC! still arising beyond it, SC? only

just before, or even just after, SC*, often anastomosing with SC!. Superficially,

arfakensis is best distinguished by having on both wings a continuous white band

between the median and distal olive markings.

Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains. Dutch New Guinea (3500 ft.),

November 1908—March 1909. Type d in coll. Rothschild with; others of both

sexes; also in coll. Brit. Mus. and coll. L. B. Prout.

105. Berta fenestrata spec. nov.

3 %,23 mm. Face and head olive-green, vertex narrowly white.. Palpus

olive above, white beneath. d antenna pectinated to about two-thirds, the branches

* long. Thorax and abdomen olive-green above, with white spots ; beneath white. Fore

and middle legs olive-green, white beneath ; hindleg white, faintly tinged with

olive above.

Wings dull olive-green, marked with white. Forewing broad, SC! anasto-

mosing with C at a point or more, SC? arising opposite SC°, not (as in all the

olivescens 1 haye examined) anastomosing with SC!; discocellulars of pronounced

Berta shape ; base spotted with white ; a white subbasal band not reaching costa,

partly confluent (especially just behind M) with the succeeding ; a very irregular

antemedian white band, projecting and thickening distally in cell and still more

in submedian area; a discocellular white patch, broadest anteriorly, where it

( 440 )

encloses a small olive-green spot ; an elongate white costal patch anteriorly to

this ; a postmedian band formed as in albiplaga Warr. (Proc. Zool. Soc. London,

1893, p. 357, t. 31, f. 5), but rather broader, a more broken band proximally to it,

consisting of a broad mark from costa nearly to R® (preceded proximally by a

small isolated white spot between SC* and R'), a quadrate, sub-oblong patch lying

on (anteriorly to) R* and some smaller spots in posterior half of wing ; subterminal

spots small, placed on the veins ; fringe with white spots in proximal half, continued

more weakly in distal, placed opposite the veins. Hindwing similar to that of

albiplaga, the postmedian band (correspondingly to that of forewing) somewhat

thicker, especially in the type specimen (¢).

Under-surface white, with extremely feeble traces of olive markings, especially

costally on the forewing.

Vella Layella, Solomon Islands, March 1908 (type, ¢) ; Arawa, Bougainville,

December 1907 (cotype, 2) ; both in coll. Rothschild, collected by A. S. Meek.

Possibly a local race of albiplaga Warr. (of which I only know the ?), with

much more white on forewing. The smaller size and much increased white

markings distinguish it from olivescens Warr., even if the venational difference

prove inconstant ; the shorter non-pectinate part of the d antenna differentiates it

at once from the chrysolineata group.

106. Comostolopsis subsimplex spec. nov.

3 %, 16-18 mm. Face bright orange ; vertex narrowly white between antennae,

crown otherwise green. Paipae bright orange, second joint pale beneath, third

joint strongly elongate. Antennal shaft whitish, ¢ pectinations more reddish than

in stillata Feld. Thorax and abdomen green dorsally. Foreleg marked with red

above and on inner side.

Wings rather bright green, much less blue than in s¢idlata, slightly deste

than in simplex Warr., costal edge of forewing extremely narrowly ochreous; both

wings with dark red discal dot and terminal line, the latter interrupted at the

vein-ends and thickened midway between, and with golden yellow fringes (in the d

slightly more reddish) ; forewing with two ill-expressed, wavy, whitish, transverse

lines, the outer apparently somewhat dentate, incurved somewhat between the

radials and posteriorly, continued on hindwing. In the ¢ the lines are marked

with small red dots on SM’, that of the antemedian rather larger.

Under-surface whitish green, the forewing with decided red suffusion except at

posterior margin ; fringes yellowish.

Antananarivo, 3 (type) and % (Chulliat) in coll. L. B. Prout.

107. Pyrrhorachis (?) marginata Warr.

Chlorochroma (2?) marginata Warr., Nov. Zool. vi. p. 21 (1899).

This species was accidentally omitted from my revision. Described from a

single 2, from Little Key Island, Palpus long and slender; hindtibia with two

very unequal pairs of spurs (Warren overlooked one of the medians); wing-shape

somewhat intermediate between that of normal Pyrrhorachis and that of

Chloéres ; forewing with SC! about connate, M! stalked. I am inclined to suspect

it is an aberrant Pyrrhorachis, but until the d is discovered it cannot positively

be proved that it is not a Prasinocyma (Chlorochroma Warr.), as tentatively

suggested by its author, The discocellulars are not at all like those of Comostola.

Azhe

( 441 )

108. Pyrrhorachis rhodometopa spec. nov.

3,22 mm. Face green, forehead partly crimson. Vertex crimson, between

antennae, the rest of the head green. Antennal shaft crimson in basal half, slightly

spotted with whitish. Thorax above red in middle, patagia and tegulae creen.

Base of abdomen green dorsally, dorsum otherwise red.

Wings bright apple-green. Forewing with costal margin yellowish, densely

sprinkled thronghont with deep crimson; distal margin red, preceded by a very

fine yellow line which runs out into dots at the vein-ends; fringe pink proximally,

paler and duller distally. Hindwing with termen and fringe as on forewing.

Wings beneath paler, forewing with costal margin fuscous, both wings with

elongate fuscous interneural spots at termen, fringe lighter fuscous.

Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A.S8. Meek), 2 3 in coll. Rothschild.

Closely related to ruficeps Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 89), possibly a local race,

but larger, with less of the face red, the red borders of the wings much narrower,

the costal more crimson red, not dotted with fuscous ; termen of forewing rather

less rounded, hindwing rather less elongate, etc.

Androzeugma gen. noy.

Face smooth. Palpus rather slender, with appressed scales ; in ¢ rather short,

in 2 moderate, third joint in both sexes distinct, in ¢ rather short, in 2 more

elongate. Tongue present. Antenna in ¢ thick, almost simple, shortly lamellate ;

in ? simple. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in d not dilated, in both sexes with

a pair of short terminal spurs, medians wanting. Abdomen not crested. Wings

- delicate, rather thinly scaled, termen almost smooth, that of hindwing very slightly

bent at R* Frenulum wanting in both sexes. Forewing with cell rather short,

SC stalked, SC! free or anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! stalked with

subcostals, M’ stalked ; hindwing with cell short, DC* moderately oblique, C in

the d anastomosing with SC, shortly or to less than one-half cell, in ? merely

appressed, SC? rather long-stalked, M' stalked.

Type of the genus: Androzeugma hapala spec. nov.

Belongs to my Group VI. Although the more slender build, thinner scaling,

coloration, ete., strongly suggest that it has no really near affinity with Méxocera

Warr., the structural variations in the last-named leave few characters which can

be rigidly enforced as differential in all cases. The palpal differences are the

most convenient; the anastomosis of C of the hindwing with the cell in the male

is stronger than has been observed outside the five genera separated off at No. 2

in my key, but, curiously enough, is not shared by the 2. To adapt my key to the

reception of this new genus it will be necessary to read (Gen, Ins. 129, p. 18):

18. Palpus in both sexes quite short . 5 d ; : : 795

Palpus moderate to long, especially in the ? “ : 20.

20. Face and femora smooth ; both wings with M! stalked or at leash

connate : ¢ 20A.

Face rough-scaled, femora Meley: fat h wings mith Mt Hae

separate at origin : ; : . Lulops.

20a, Antenna in both sexes pecninte (or in g vonunbltnee serrate),

build robust, scaling thick, forewing with SC! from cell Eucrostes.

Antenna in both sexes simple, build slender, scaling thin, fore-

wing with SC! stalked : i f " é Androxeugma,

( 442 )

109. Androzeugma hapala spec. nov.

32, 22-27 mm. Face and upper side of palpus orange; vertex and antenna

pale yellowish : occiput green. Thorax and abdomen green above, the latter with

yellow dorsal line. Foreleg reddish orange above and on inner side.

Wings whitish green, closely irrorated with blue-green, the resultant tone

about as in Nenochlorodes nubigena Woll. Forewing with costal edge pale

yellowish; lines creamy whitish; first line very indistinct, from costa before one-

fourth, oblique outwards to behind M, then bent and falling nearly vertically on

hindmargin ; postmedian line finely dentate, almost parallel with termen ; cell-spot

very small, yellow ; fringe yellowish. Hindwing similar, without first line.

Under-surface paler, unmarked ; costal edge of forewing yellowish.

Zungeru, Northern Nigeria, 4 dd, April 21, 1911 (type), May 15-18, 1911,

November 17,1911, 1 2, April 27, 1911 (Scott Mactie); N’Gami Country (F. D.

Lugard), 1 worn d; all in coll. Brit. Mus.

110. Allochrostes curvilinea (Pront).

Omphacodes eurvilinea Prout, Gen. Ins. 129, p. 221 (1912).

I find this species has only two spurs on the hindtibia, thus not an Ompha-

codes. It probably may represent a new genus, the facies being altogether unlike

that of Adllochrostes; but as the ¢ is still unknown and the ? presents no very

salient characters, it must in the meantime be referred here.

NOTES ON PALAEARCTIC ZYGAENIDAE.

By Dr. K. JORDAN.

N Rom., Mém. Lép. iii. p. 170 (1887), Dr. O. Staudinger described a new species

of Zygaenid from Amaurland for which he proposed the new genus Inope,

mentioning as chief distinguishing characters that veins 7 and 8 of the forewing

are stalked, the hindtibia bears two pairs of spurs, and the ?-antenna is quite

smooth. A second species of Jnope from the same district was described as

I. impellucida by Graeser in 1888 (Berl. Ent. Zeits. 32, p. 108), who also described

another semitransparent Zygaenid without markings as Northia ulmivora, \.c.

p- 107. When writing the descriptions of the Palaearctic Zygaenids for Dr. Seitz’s

Macrolepidoptera of the World, I was not acquainted with these three species,

and, as all three were said by Staudinger and Graeser respectively to have two pairs

of hindtibial spurs, I united them under the generic term Jnope Stand. (1887),

adding the rider under Clelea that the species of Jnope might possibly belong

to Clelea.

Herr R. Piingeler has been so kind as to send me for examination from his rich

collection some specimens of the above species, which confirm my doubt as to the

validity of nope, though only partly in the anticipated direction.

The statements as to structure in the original description of Inope heterogyna

are not all correct. The hindtibia bears only one pair of spurs, not two pairs, and

the %-antenna is distinctly dentate, but the last two subcostals of the forewing

( 443 )

(SC! and SC*,= veins 7 and 8) are stalked as stated by Staudinger. As the

foretibia does not bear a spur, there remains nothing to distinguish Znope from

Procris (= Ino), in which genus the subcostals 4 and 5 are occasionally also

stalked. nope, therefore, sinks as a synonym of Procris.

Graeser’s w/mivora has only one pair of hindtibial spurs. Herr Max Bartel,

who has acquired the Dieckmann collection containing Graeser’s types, also has

found but one pair of hindtibial spurs in the types, according to a note on the labels

of Herr R. Piingeler’s specimens. The species, however, bears a long spur on the

foretibia, and therefore must be placed with J//iberis Walk. (1854) = Northia

Walk. (1854, preoce.).

The third species, zmpellucida Graeser (1888), bears two pairs of spurs on the

hindtibia, as stated by the author. The subcostals 4 and 5 of the forewing are

stalked and the foretibia has a long epiphysis. The species agrees in these

characters with Cle/ea, where it should be placed.

The three species of Jnope, therefore, part company, each finding a resting-

place in a different genus.

Procris heterogyna Stand. (1887) is similar in colouring to Procris elegans

Pouj. (1886), which also occurs in Amurland, and is frequently identified with

Iltiberis sinensis Walk. (1854), a species only known with certainty from China and

belonging to a different subfamily. The colouring of the body and the dark portions

of the wings is of a much blacker tone in /eterogyna than in P. elegans. The

antennae are thinner, and the branches of the d-antenna only slightly club-shaped,

hairy, with a few scales on the dorsal surface, the branches contrasting strongly

with those of P. elegans-d, in which they are strongly widened and densely scaled,

as in P. pruni Schiff. (1776). Both wings are narrower than in P. elegans; the

subcostals 4 and 5 are stalked, and the anterior cell-angle of the hindwing is much

less obtuse than in P. elegans, being slightly over 90°. The clasper of the ¢

apparently has no prominent tooth.

( 444 )

EXPEDITION TO THE CENTRAL WESTERN SAHARA.*

By ERNST HARTERT.

Xx.

QUELQUES NEVROPTERES DU SAHARA FRANGAIS.

Par te R. P. LONGIN NAVAS, S.J.

La liste qui va suivre représente le produit des chasses névroptériques de M. le

Dr. Hartert dans le Sahara algérien pendant I’an 1912. Un premier lot m’a

été confié lors de mon heureuse visite au Musée Zoologique de Tring avec les

Congressistes da [1° Congrés entomologique d’Oxford, le 10 aott passé; un autre

m’a été envoyé dernitrement 3 a Saragosse par le Dr. Hartert.

Je tiens a remercier ici vivement M. le Dr. Hartert par lobligeance de m/’avoir

fourni Voccasion d’étudier des formes si intéressantes et par sa générosité me

permettant incorporer 4 ma collection quelques doubles de plusieurs espéces.

Dans l’énnmération je suivrai Pordre des Familles et des Tribus.

Faw. NEMOPTERIDES.

Tribu NEMOPTERINI.

1. Halter halteratus Forsk.

Oued Mya Sud, 4 mai.—H. de Ghardaia, 2 juin.—Oued Nea (de Ghardaia &

Guerrara), 8—5 juin, 10 échantillons.

Ces captures étendent considérablement l’aire géographique de l’espéce, connue

déji de Asie occidentale et du nord-est de l'Afrique.

[Trés nombreux dans l’Oned Mya Sud, venant a la lampe an soir—E. H.]

Tribu CROCINI.

2. Nina chobauti MacLachl. (Fig. 1).

Croce chobauti MacLachlan, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1898, p. 169.

La présence de la dudle aux ailes du d fait entrer cette espece dans le genre

Nina Nay.

Le ¢ étant encore inédit, j’en donnerai ici une courte description.

Fig. 1.

Nina chobauti WL. &

Aile antérieure }.

Antennae pallidae, ante apicem leviter incrassatae, apice acute. Vertex

latior oenlo,

* See anted, pp. 1—163.

( 445 )

Ala anterior (fig. 1) reticulatione fusca; stigmate flavido, hand fusco interne

limitato ; area costali 12 venulis ante stigma, radiali 2 venulis internis, 9 ante

stigma; bulla alba, antrorsum linea curva fusea limitata.

Ala posterior bulla valde prominente, subtriangulari, granulosa, sordide alba.

Long. corp. (cum prosost) : 10°38 mm.

» al pare LOS) + 55

9), post: 33 ”

Hab. Oued Mya Sud, avril. 3 échantillons 2,1 3.

Trouvée auparavant & lAlgérie.

3. Nina harterti sp. nov. (Fig. 2).

Corpus pallidum, rufescente pictum.

Capnt albidum ; oculis plumbeis, globosis ; vertice illis latiore, macula elongata

fasco-rufa ; prosostomate longo, latitudine capitis cam oculis longiore, apice leviter

rufescente, in medio basilari lateraliter fusco lineato.

Prothorax elongatus, in medio anteriore angustatus, albidus, dorso duabus

lineis latis longitudinalibus ferrugineis. Mesonotum similiter trilineatum, vel

subtotum ferrugineum (?). Metanotum breve, transversum, rufescens.

Abdomen gracile, cylindricum, stramineum, fusco-ferrugineo lateraliter et ad

apicem segmentornm pictum, albido pilosum.

Pedes graciles, albidi; tarsis longis, articulo 1° ceteris simul sumptis 1}

longiore.

Ala anterior (fig. 2) margine costali ante stigma recto, ultra stigma fortiter

curvato; margine posteriore in d ad bullam fortiter excavato; apice obtuso ;

Fig, 2,

Nina harterti Nav. &

a,—Aile antérieure, §. b.—Bulle de la méme,

membrana hyalina, iridea; reticulatione subtota fusca, fimbriis pallidis. Area

costalis angusta, 14-18 venulis ante stigma; stigmate maxima parte albo, interne

spatio triangulari ferrugineo, Area apicalis leviter ampliata, aliquot venulis furcatis.

Area radialis 2 venulis ante sectorem, 10-14 ante stigma. Sector radii pleramque

9 ramis, primo prope basim furcato, ceteris simplicibus. Venulae intermediae seu

inter sectorem et procubitum numerosae, 10-14, discales paucae. Bulla subtriangu-

laris, nivea, antice fusco-ferrugineo lineata.

Ala posterior triplo longior, filiformis, alba, venis in quarto basilari fascescentibus ;

bulla in 4° vel 5° basilari sita, valde prominente, subtriangulari, albo-grisea, externe

linea fuscescente signata,

( 446 )

Long. corp. (cum prosost.): 12 mm.

al. ant. :

», post. :

”

12-4 ,,

30-34 ,,

Hab. Oued Mya Sud, avril; Ain Guettara, 11 avril. 13 échantillons.

[Trés nombreux au soir prés d’Ain Guettara—E. H.]

Fam. MYRMELEONIDES.

Tribu MYRMELEONINI,

4. Myrmeleon cinereus Klug.

Myrmeleon distinguendus Ramb.

8. Oued Mya, 8 avril. 2 échantillons.

Connu déja de Ja région méditerranée.

Oued Mya Sud,

5. Myrmeleon fasciatus Nav.

S avril. 7 échantillons. Le type est d’Hgypte.

6. Nesoleon arenosus sp. noy. (Fig. 3).

Similis variegato, Klug.

Caput testaceo-pallidum, macula interantennali fusca ; palpis pallidis, ultimo

articulo labialinm grandi, inflato, fusiformi, fusco ; antennis fortibus, fuscis, fulvo

Fig. 3.

Nesoleon arenosus Nav.

Téte et thorax.

annulatis, primis articulis flavidis, clava depressa ; oculis nigris ;

vertice linea longitudinali media angusta et macula bina

subrotunda laterali fuscis ; occipite fasco punctulato (fig. 3).

Prothorax testaceus, subaeque longus ac latus, pilis

pallidis, superne tribus lineis longitudinalibus fuscis, media

recta, Jateralibus sinuosis. Meso- et metathorax testaceo-flavi,

superne quinque lineis longitudinalibus, lateralibus interruptis,

signati (fig. 3); inferne fusco Hneati.

Abdomen testaceum, inferne fuscum, superne fusco trilinea-

tum, lineis ad apicem segmentorum interruptis ; pilis flavidis.

Pedes pallidi; femoribus fusco punctatissimis ; tibtis apice

fuscis ; anterioribus et intermediis fusco punctatis ; calcaribus

testaceis, primo tarsoram articulo brevioribus ; tarsis pallidis,

fusco late annulatis.

Alae hyalinae, irideae, apice obtusae.

Ala anterior reticulatione fusco et pallido striata, aliquot

venulis angustissime limbatis in tertio apicali et posteriore ;

stria posteriore ad anastomosim et externa ad rhegma parum sensibilibus ; stigmate

interne fuscescente ; area apicali serie venularum gradataram fusco limbatarum ;

area radiali 8 venulis pallidis internis.

Ala posterior pallidior, reticulatione subtota pallida, fusco punctata; stigmate

interne leviter infuscato; 7 venulis radialibus internis.

Long. corp. :

» al. ant.

21 mm.

3) -20°Disy

9 99 post.: 17 ,,

Hab, Oued Mya Sud, 1-5 mai, 1 échantillon,

= fe ena

POP LE Ht ny

er?

( 447)

7. Nesoleon puellus sp. nov.

Minor, fuscus, testaceo varius.

Caput testaceum, fronte nigra inter antennas; palpis testaceis, ultimo articulo

labialium externe fusco maculato; vertice fornicato, medio sulcato, duplici linea

transversa punctis fuscis ; oculis fusco-plnmbeis; antennis fortibus, testaceis, fasco

annulatis.

Prothorax latior quam longior, pilis pallidis; testaceus ; tribus lineis dorsalibus

longitudinalibus fuscis. Meso- et metanotum similiter trilineata. Pectus subtotum

fuscum, testaceo maculatum.

Abdomen fuscum, albido pilosam ; superne bina linea laterali testacea.

Pedes pallide testacei, fasco punctati; femoribus anterioribus et intermediis

punctatissimis, posterioribus subtotis fuscis ; calcaribus testaceis, primo tarsoram

articulo brevioribus.

Alae hyalinae, in tertio spicali latae; stigmate pallido, interne late fusco

limitato ; reticulatione subtota fusca, pallido striata ; sectore radii 7 ramis.

Ala anterior area apicali serie venularum gradatarum fusco limbataram

instructa. Pleraeque venulae radiales, aliquot discales supra rhegma in striam

obliquam fusco limbatae ; praeterea stria fusca ad ramum anteriorem cubiti et ad

anastomosim rami obliqui. Aliquot axillae furcularam marginalium angustissime

fusco limbatae. Area radialis 7 venulis internis.

Ala posterior aliqnot venulis radialibus limbatis; venula rhegmatica vix

sensibiliter; praeterea multis aliis. Venulae radiales internae 5.

Long. corp. : 20 mm.

PE ad Hanh. 2 nL Sh ey

eS) OSL) sel Oita

Hab, Oued Nea (de Ghardaia i Guerrara), 3-Ojuin. 2 échantillons.

8. Myrmecaelurus lepidus Klug.

Oued Mya Sud, 1-6 mai. 1 échantillon. Connu jusqu’a présent de l’Egypte.

9. Myrmecaelurus trigrammus Pall.

Espéce de la région méditerranée.

Oued Nea (de Ghardaia & Guerrara), 38-5 juiun—Oued Mya Sud 3 mai.

2 échantillons.

10. Myrmecaelurus lachlani Nav.

Mem, Real. Acad. Cienc. Barcelona, vol. x. 1912, n. 9., p. 43, £. 20.

Espéce algérienne.

Un échantillon ? que je rapporte ’ cette espéce décrite sur le ? seulement. Je

vais la décrire en ce qu’elle a de particulier.

%. Abdomen inferne subtotum fuscum.

Alae reticulatione subtota flava ; subcosta ad insertionem venularum manifeste

fusca ; item aliquot venis ad insertionem venularum leviter fuscatis.

Ala anterior area radiali venulis pluribus, 6-7 ante sectorem, 6-7 ultra

sectorem ante stigma.

Ala posterior yenulis radialibus 5—5 respective,

( 448 )

Long. corp. : 22°59 mm.

sy nell. wanit..ce OAc o eee

3. on mbes eens, :

Hab. Oued Nea (de Ghardaia 4 Guerrara), 3-5 juin. :

La différence principale que je remarqne consiste dans le plus grand nombre

de veinules dans le champ costal.

11. Myrmecaelurus medius sp. nov. (Fig. 4).

Similis majori MacLachl. Flavus, fortis.

Caput ocalis nigris; antennis fortibus, crassis, clava parum dilatata; ferrugineis ;

articulo 1° annulo basilari fusco, 2° fusco; vertice linea longitudinali fusca; palpis

labialibus articulo ultimo puncto externo fusco notato.

Prothorax latior quam Jongior, antice leviter angustatus; angulis anticis

rotundatis ; margine antico medio leviter concayo ; disco linea media longitudinali

fusca. Meso- et metanotum fusco trilineata, lineis lateralibus interruptis. Pectus

flavum, fusco pallide lineatum.

Abdomen flavum, pilis flavis, ut in thorace ; superne tribus lineis longitudi-

nalibus fuscis, media latiore.

Pedes flavi, flavo pilosi, fusco breviter setosi; tibiis anterioribus robustis ;

calcaribus testaceis, primum tarsorum articulum superantibus.

Alae (fig. 4) angustae, apice obtusae; membrana hyalina; stigmate flavo-

Fic. 4.

Myrmecaelurus medius Nay. 9 Ailes 3.

(Presque schématiques),

testaceo ; reticulatione flavido et nigro varia; sectore radii cum initio et apice ejus

ramorum nigro.

Ala anterior area apicali venulis gradatis nigris; area radiali 4 venulis flavis

internis ; procubito toto nigro; cubito cum venulis utrimque ortis flavo, apice nigro ;

posteubito nigro, apice excepto, Aliae venulae ramique in disco nigri; linea

plicata flava.

Ala posterior area apicali una alterave gradata venula nigra; area radiali 3

venulis internis flavis ; procubito toto flavo; cubito toto nigro cum ramo obliqno

confluente. Aliae venulae ramique discales nigri; linea plicata flava.

Long. corp. : 33:5 min.

3), als AGP OMrO peas

itt. digo se eereOmnns

Tiong. ,, post.:. -28 ,, i:

Hab, Ei. de Ghardaia, 18 juin. 1 échantillon.

( 449 )

12. Myrmecaelurus tabarinus sp. nov.

Flavus, fusco et testaceo varius. Similis dachlani Nav.

Caput flavum, fronte inter antennas fusco-ferruginea, linea ante antennas in A

fusea ; vertice suleato, linea media longitudinali antrorsam incompleta et macula

grandi laterali subelliptica fusco-ferrnginea; oculis fuscis; antennis ferrugineis,

fusco leviter annulatis; clava oblonga, flavida; palpis flavis, artienlo ultimo

labialiam externe fuseo punctato.

Thorax flavus, pilis flavis; superne fnsco trilineatus, linea media integra,

lateralibus interruptis ; inferne fusco maculatus. Prothorax latior quam longior,

lineis lateralibus ad sulcum interruptis, puncto ante suleum continuatis.

Abdomen testaceum, flavido pilosum; inferne fascia longitudinali integra,

superne fascia media longitudinali ad apicem segmentorum interrupta, lata, alia

angusta laterali, ad prima segmenta obsoleta, fuscis.

Pedes flavi, fusco setosi; calcaribus primo tarsorum articulo brevioribus ;

tarsorum articulis apice ferrugineis.

Alae hyalinae, apice subacutae ; reticulatione flava, ad venularum insertionem

fusco striata; stigmate flavo sordido; linea plicata manifesta; area apicali serie

venularum gradatarum instructa; area radiali 5 venulis internis seu ante sectorem,

4 inter ortum sectoris et stigma.

Long. corp. : 22 mm.

foal. ant.: 23" -,,

Pee rasya [OStatic Len ass

Hab. Oued Nea (de Ghardaia i Guerrara), 3-5 juin. 2 échantillons.

13. Lopezus gen, nov.

Similis Myrmecaeluro, Costa.

Antennae thorace breviores, clava manifesta. Palpi labiales articulo ultimo

fnsiformi.

Abdomen ¢ unica appendice laterali geniculata ad apicem septimi segmenti

abdominis, pilis longis instructa.

Pedes calearibus primo tarsorum articulo brevioribus.

Alae angustae ; vennlis costalibus simplicibus ; area apicali aliquot vel nullis

yenulis gradatis; area radiali paucis venulis internis, seu ante sectorem, pauciores 5.

Sector radii ultra ramum obliquum cubiti ortus. Ramus obliquus cubiti apertus, seu

oblique in marginem posteriorem tendens.

Je prendspour type de ce nouveau genre le Myrmecaelurus fedtschenkoi Mae

Lachl., in Fedtschenko’s Voyage, 1875, p. 6, t. 1, fig. 3-4.

Il se distingue aisément du genre Myrmecaelurus Costa par la présence d’une

senle paire (appendices géniculés poilus ’ ’abdomen du d an lieu de deux paires ;

en outre les veinules radiales internes sont beaucoup moins nombreuses, du méme

que celles en gradins au champ apical ; les éperons plus courts, ete.

14. Lopezus fedtschenkoi MacHachl.

Hab, Wassi el-Hadjar, sud-ovest @Ouargla, 15 mars. Un échantillon do

entitrement conforme 4 la description et figare de MacLachlan ; seulement Vaile

postérieure est sans la sombre tenue représentée dans la figure; ?% Mraier, entre

Biskra et Touggourt, 23 févr, 1912.

MacLachlan dans Trans. Ent, Soc. London, 1898, p. 157, avait déji eité cette

( 450 )

espece de l’Algérie: “ I may cite the curious Myrmecaelurus fedtschenkoi, MacLachl.,

which oceurs in the Province of Oran in a slightly modified form.”

Les dimensions de cet échantillon sont :

Longueur du corps : 23 mm.

» dePLaile ant.: 22°5 ,,

” s post.: 20 ,,

15. Solter rothschildi sp. nov.

Testaceus, fusco-ferrugineo varins.

Caput testaceum, facie flava, palpis testaceis, articulo ultimo labialiam externe

fusco punctato ; antennis ferrugineis, testaceo annulatis, inferne pallidioribas, duobus

primis articulis flavidis, clava inferne flavida; oculis fuscis ; vertice testaceo,

ferrugineo maculato.

Thorax testaceus, ferrugineo irregulariter notatus. Prothorax latior quam

longior. Pectus testaceum, flavido varium.

Abdomen testaceum, segmentis plerisque late ferrugineo-fusco fasciatis, vel

potius fusco-ferrugineum, segmentis basi testaceis ; pilis brevibus, ad basim pallidis,

ad apicem fuscis.

Pedes testaceo-rufi, fortes, pilis brevibus, albidis ; apice tibiarum et articuloram

tarsalium leviter fuscatis; calcaribus testaceis, duos primos tarsorum articulos

longitudine subaequantibns.

Alae amplae, apice obtusae, hyalinae ; reticulatione testaceo et fusco-ferrugineo

varia ; stigmate testaceo, interne ferragineo late limitato.

Ala anterior area costali venulis simplicibus ; area apicali serie venularuam

gradatarum fuscaram ; radiali pleramque simplici, cubitali simplici, seu uniareolata ;

sectore 8 ramis ; 5 venulis radialibus internis.

Ala posterior pallidior, reticulatione subtota testacea ; venis aliquot ad inser-

tionem venularum fusco-ferrugineo striatis; area apicali sine venulis gradatis,

radiali simplici, paucis venulis internis, 2-4; sectore 8-9 ramis; pilula ¢

peticulata, disco testaceo.

Long. corp. : 20-25°5 mm.

» al. ant.: 23:5-28 ,,

» 9) post.: 21-25 ,,

Hab. Oued Mya Sud, 1-5 mai; 8. de Ghardaia, 26-30 mai, 13 échantillons.

Obs, Jinclus cette espéce et la suivante dans mon genre Solter (Broteria, 1912,

32), quoique plusieurs échantillons ne posstdent pas un caractére “area radiali

partim biareolata vel reticulata ante sectorem.” Ce caractére, dune importance

tres secondaire, pent étre omis dans la caractéristiqne du genre, on bien Ini ajouter +

“quandoque,” ou “non semper.”

On connaissait de ce genre quelques espéces de Portugal et de Syrie ; il est

nouveau pour |’ Afrique.

[Cette espece ¢tait tres commune vers la fin de mai, volant & la lampe.—-E. H.]

16, Solter nevipennis sp. nov.

Similis rothschildi, Testaceus, fasco-ferrugineo varius.

Caput testaceum; oculis fusco-nigris; palpis maxillaribus apice obscaratis, —

labialibus articulo ultimo grandi, inflato, apice subito mucronato ; antennis tenn

fusco-rufo anguste annulatis.

( 451 )

Thorax testaceus, pilis concoloribus, fusco-ferrugineo varius. Prothorax paulo

latior quam longior, angulis anticis rotundatis ; dorso fusco-rnfo trilineatus, linea

centrali integra, cum lateralibus postice coalescente, lateralibus ante sulenm latis,

pone sulcum versus medium retractis seu ad centralem approximatis.

Abdomen inferne testaceo-pallidum, superne testaceum, fascia apicali ad singula

segmenta ferrugineo-fusca.

Pedes testacei, pilis concoloribus, femoribus dorso ad apicem, tibiis anterioribus

et intermediis dorso ad medium et ad apicem infuscatis, posterioribus apice

ferrugineis; calearibus ferrugineis, anterioribus duos primos tarsorum articulos

aequantibus; tarsis 1° articulo longiore 2°, sed multo breviore 5°; hoc apice

fusco.

Alae latae, apice obtusae ; membrana hyalina, reticulatione subtota testacea ;

stigmate albido ; linea plicata manifesta; sectore radii 8 ramis ; area apicali aliquot

venulis gradatis ; area radiali 4-5 venulis internis.

Ala anterior stigmate grandi, interne ferrugineo limitato; reticulatione

ferrngineo et testaceo varia; multis venulis ferrngineo limbatis, atomos discales

et maculam rotundatam ad rhegma efticientibus; areis cubitali et postcubitali

immaculatis.

Ala posterior penitus immaculata; stigmate leviter ferrugineo limitato interne ;

venis aliquot leviter ferrngineo striatis ; area radiali 3-4 venulis internis.

Long. corp: 22 mm.

OREO gs

Se MDOBIsssees)) 95

Hab, Oued Nea (de Ghardaia 4 Guerrara), 3-5 juin. 1 échantillon,

Tribu NEUROLEINI,

17. Neuroleon limbatellus sp. nov. (Fig. 5).

Fusens, testaceo varius.

Caput fuseum, facie maculis pallidis parum definitis; palpis pallidis, articulo

ultimo labialiam fusiformis, externe fusco, mucrone elongato ; oculis fuscis ; antennis

fuscis, pallido annulatis, clava ovali, forti, inferne flava.

Fig. 5.

Neuroleon limbatellus Nay. Prothorax,

Thorax subtotus fuscus, pallido striatus. Prothorax (fig. 5) longior quam

Pak 5 4 |

latior, disco testaceo, fascia laterali angusta, interne ad suleum dilatata, media lata,

medio longitudinaliter divisa, ad sulcum angustata, fuscis.

omen fuscum, singulis segmentis superne ad basim macula grandi testaceo

Abdomen f , singul ement 1 | la grandi test

pallida ; pilis fuscis et pallidis.

Pedes pallidi, graciles, fusco punctati et setosi, femoribus et tibiis apice, tibiis

anticis etiam medio fusco annulatis; calearibus testaceis, parum curvatis, duos

primos tarsorum articulos aequantibus aut superantibus ; tarsorum articulis apice

fuscis,

( 452 )

Alae hyalinae, irideae, immaculatae, apice subacutae ; stigmate pallido,

insensibili, venulis plerisque fuscis, angustissime fusco limbatis ; venis pallidis,

ad venulas fusco striatis.

Ala anterior area radiali 7 venulis internis, sectore 6 ramis,

Ala posterior 1 venula radiali interna, sectore 5 ramis,

Long. corp.: 16-17 mm,

» alant.: 155-195 ,,

By) ve aye Poste 14 DS) ae ,

Hab, Ain Guettara 11 mai; Oued Mya Sad, 1-5 mai. 2 échantillons.

Plusieurs espéces de ce genre sont connues d’Hurope, d’Asie et d’Afrique.

18. Neuroleon nubilus sp. nov.

Fulvus, fusco varius.

Caput facie palpisque pallidis: vertice et fronte fuscis ; antennis thorace

longioribus, fulvis, fasco annulatis, clava depressa.

Prothorax paulo longior quam latior, fulvns, pilis lateralibus albis; linea

longitudinali media bina externe dentata, alia marginali laterali, duobus punetis

intermediis, fuscis. Meso- et metanotum fualva, fusco lineata. Pectus falvo et

fusco varium,

Abdomen falyam, pallidum, albido pilosum, linea dorsali media fusca.

Pedes pallidi, fusco punetati et pilosi, apice tibiarum tarsoramqne articuloram —

fusco; calearibus testaceis, anterioribus primum tarsoram articulum superantibus, —

sed secundum hand aequantibus.

Alae hyalinae, irideae, reticulatione fusca, pallido varia.

Ala anterior stigmate albido interne fusco limitato ; area radiali 7 venulis

internis; sectore radii 7 ramis; venulis aliquot in quinto apicali et axillis

furcularam marginalinm anguste fusco limbatis; stria duplici fusca perspicna,

posteriore ad anastomosim, brevi, anteapicali obliqua longiore.

Ala posterior stria brevi fusca ad rhegma ; venulis aliquot anteapicalibus et

axillis fareularum marginalinm leviter fasco limbataram, limbam seu nobilum

efficientibus ad marginem externum ; stigmate pallido, fere insensibili.

Long. corp.: 14°5 mm.

As) en esse

Senee a DOS Lacie

Hab. Oued Noa (de Ghardaia i Guerrara), 3-5 juin. 1 échantillon.

Obs. Quoique j’aie signalé pour le genre Neuroleon la longueur des éperons

antérienrs excédant les deux premiers articles des tarses, j'inclus dans ce genre

cetfe espece & éperons un peu plus courts, par lensemble de tous les autres”

varactéres. On pourrait modifier la caractéristique du genre ainsi: Calearia primum

tarsorum articulum longitudine excedentia.

19, Macronemurus chryseus sp. nov. (Fig. 6).

Flavus, fusco notatus.

Caput flavam; macula inter antennas fere in x fusca; palpis flavis, articulo —

ultimo labialium grandi, fusiformi, externe ferrugineo; antennis robustis, thorace

multo brevioribus, sensim in clavam ampliatis, falvis, ferrugineo annulatis, articalo:

1° flavo ; oculis fuscis; vertice medio leviter suleato, callo laterali ferrugineo; —

occipite puncto laterali fusco.

( 453 )

Thorax flavus, pilis flavo-albis. Prothorax latior quam longior, linea longi-

_ tudinali media integra fusca, lateralibus subobsoletis, puncto ad suleum distincto.

Mesonotum linea longitudinali media parum sensibili, in scutello longitudinaliter

divisa. Metanotum linea fusca media ad scutellum.

Abdomen flavum, flavo pilosum, superne pilis fuscis, sezmentis ultimis superne

fusco punctatissimis (fig. 6); linea dorsali longitudinali fusca, ad apices seymen-

torum interrapta; inferne bina linea fusca ad prima segmenta, in 8° etiam linea

media brevi; cercis 3 praecedente segmento param longioribus, nigro pilosis,

lie. 6.

Macronemurus chryseus Nav. g, Uxtrémité de labdomen,

basi declivibus, mox rectis, apice leviter incrassato pluribusque tuberculis asperato

(fig. 6).

Pedes flavi, fusco punctati, nigro setosi; calcaribus testaceis, 1° tarsoram

articulo brevioribus ; tarsis 1° et 5° articulo longitudine subaequalibus, 5° longiore,

intermediis brevioribus.

Alae hyalinae, longae, apice subacutae ; margine externo conyexo; reticulatione

flava; subcosta ad venulas fusco punctata ; stigmate flavo, param sensibili, area

radiali 2 yenulis internis ; sectore 7 ramis; linea plicata in tertio apicali manifesta.

Long. corp. d: 32 mm.

Ae alvants 2 22. 15

PERDOBEA i hOs0: 55

age Cele: + 3 F

Hab. Oued Nea (de Ghardaia a Guerrara) 3-5 juin, 1 échantillon 3.

Tribu CREAGRINI.

20. Creagris neurasthenicus sp. noy.

Minor, fuscus, ferrngineo mistus.

Caput facie flava; fronte inter antennas fusca; vertice fulvo, duplici linea

- transversa fusca; oculis fuscis ; antennis fulvis, fusco annulatis, clava forti ; palpis

flavis, ultimo articulo labialium fusiformi, externe fusco-ferrugineo notato.

Prothorax paulo longior quam latior ; marginibus lateralibus parallelis ; in

-prozona seu ante sulcum fulvus, in metazona fuscus, striola laterali anteriore fulva.

Meso- et metanotum fusca, marginibus posterioribus falyis. Pectus fuscum,

ferrugineo notatum.

Abdomen fuscum, pilis fulvis; primis tribus segmentis et margine posteriore

aliquot segmentorum ferrugineis.

Pedes pallidi, fusco pilosi et setosi; calcaribus testaccis, tres primos tarsorum

articulos aequantibus ; tarsis fusco annulatis.

Alae apice subacutae, margine externo convexo, levissime sub ipsum apicem

concavo ; stigmate insensibili ; reticulatione testaceo-pallida, fusco striata; nullis

yenulis limbatis, nulla stria fusca sensibili,

( 454 )

Ala anterior venulis plerisque fuscis ; venis ad insertionem venularum fuscatis ;

area apicali serie venularum gradatarum; area radiali 6 venulis ante sectorem.

Venae venulaeque ad harum insertionem tenuisime, vix sensibiliter nisi sub lente,

limbatae.

Ala posterior pallidior, vennlis plerisque testaceo-pallidis; area apicali aliquot

venulis gradatis.

Long. corp.: 20°56 mm.

AD Oat ZUG 35

95 4, post: 19 7

Hab. Nord @Ain Guettara, 11 avril. 1 échantillon,

21. Nadal gen. nov.

Similis Creagri Ramb.

Japut palpis labialibus articulo ultimo fusiformi.

Pedes graciles, calearibus rectis, primum tarsorum articulum subaequantibns ;

tarsis longis, primo articulo ceteris longiore, tres sequentes longitudine superante,

quinto longo, tribus praecedentibus longitudine subaequali.

Alae reticulatione ut in Creagri. Ala anterior ramo obliquo cubiti margini

postico parallelo, cum posteubito anastomosi conjuncto; area radiali ploribus

venulis ante sectorem, radiali serie venularum gradatarum instracta. Ala posterior

una venula ante sectorem radii. ~

Abdomen longum, ala anteriore pleramgue brevius.

La forme des éperons et des tarses de lespece que j’ai sous les yeux, tout a

fait différente des autres Creagris, m’oblige a la séparer de ce genre et la prendre

pour type @un autre nouveau.

22. Nadal anterior sp. nov. (Fig. 7).

Capnt flavidam ; palpis gracilibus, apice ultimi articali fasco ; vertice param — .

fornicato, duplici linea transversa fusea, anteriore punctiformi; oculis fuscis. — 4

Thorax fuseus, ferrugineo notatus, pilis albidis, Prothorax vix longior quam =

latior, antrorsum angustatus ; margine antico rotundato, late testaceo, pilis albis |

hirto. ; a }

Abdomen totum fuscum, albido breviter pilosum, f |

Pedes albido pilosi, fusco setosi; femoribus subtotis ferrugineis vel fuscis ; tibiis

ee Be

FIG. 7.

Nadal anterior Nay, Aile antérieure } (schématique),

pallidis, apice fuscis; calcaribus testaceis, posterioribus metatarso brevioribus ; 5

tarsis articulo 1° testaceo, intermediis fuscis, ultimo pallido, apice fusco. .

Alae longae, apice acutae; margine externo leviter concavo sub apices

membrana hyalina; reticulatione pallido et fusco varia; venulis gradatis in area

apicali. 5 F

Ala anterior (fig. 7) guttis aliquot fuscis respersa: tribus ad aream radialem,—

( 455 )

inter ortum sectoris et stigma, alia ad ramum anteriorem cubiti, vel ad ramum

obliquum procubiti ; stria obliqua ad anastomosim, alia minore ad rhegma, seu

ante apicem cubitorum ; atomis in lineam obliquam anteapicalem ; praeterea aliquot

venulis in medio apicali angustissime fusco limbatis ; area radiali 7 venulis internis ;

stigmate pallido, interne fuscato.

Ala posterior multo pallidior, sine maculis, limbo angustissimo et pallido ad

rhegma, ad venulam radialem ante stigma, ad venulas gradatas apicales,

Long. corp.: 25 mm.

a ale amit) 22.0,

” ” post. : 20 ,,

Hab, Est de Ghardaia, 2 juin. 1 échautillon.

Tribu GYMNOCNEMINI.

23. Maracanda MacLachl.

Fedtschenko’s Voyage in Turkestan, vol. ii., Moscow, 1875, p. 5.

Avec l’aide des espéces suivantes je vais compléter la caractéristique du genre

Maracanda, en ajoutant les caracttres communs & toutes les espéces que je connais

de ce genre.

Antennae insertione distantes, thorace breviores.

Abdomen ? octavo sternito in lobulos divergentes ad modum fureae postice

producto (fig. 8, b); setis apicalibus uncis (fig. 8, a).

Tibae I, Il, femoribus I, IL breviores.

Alae sectore radii ultra ramum obliquam cubiti orto; area radiali paucis

venulis internis, 2-3 in ala posteriore.

‘ Il est utile de transcrire ici les mots de la traduction anglaise du texte russe

faite par Hagen (Canad. Mntom. 1887, p. 211), & propos de la Maracand1 amoena

MacLach]l. “At the extremity of the abdomen are found two broad triangular

plates, rounded off towards the end, approximate, surrounded internally with black

hairs ; under these plates are two auxiliary palpi, one under each plate, the lower

half of the following abdominal segment deeply cleft in the middle, and with a

lengthened fringe joins a long cylindrical growth.”

Et ce que le Dr. Hagen ajoute: “Of course | am unable to decide if the

Russian translation of the Euglish original is exact ; at least only in one place

(genitals of female) I find some difficulty in understanding it.”

Je pense qu’avec ce qui précede et les figures suivantes (fig. 8, a, b) on rendra

claire cette partie.

24, Maracanda lineata sp. nov. (Fig. 8).

Caput testaceum, duobus atomis fuscis inter antennas, linea transversa fusce

pone antennas; palporum labialium articulo ultimo externe fusco, nitente; vertice

puncto fusco laterali anteriore et linea transversa parum definita posteriore ; oculis

fuscis ; antennis fuscis, testaceo annulatis.

Prothorax paulo longior quam latior, antice leviter angustatus ; testaceus ;

pilis pallidis ; superne tribus lineis longitudinalibus fuscis notatus. Meso- et

metanotum testacea, similiter trilineata ; mesonoti linea laterali in duas divisa,

metanoti linea laterali lata, Pectus fuscum, testaceo notatum,

( 456 )

Abdomen fusco-cinereum, albido breviter pilosam ; margine postico ultimorum

segmentorum testaceo, furca octavi sterniti (fig. 8) 2 apicem segmenti 9 attingente.

lia. 8.

Maracanda lineata 9 Nav.

a, Extrémité de abdomen.

b, Sternite 8,

Pedes flavidi, flavido pilosi, tibiis tarsisque apice fuscis; femoribus superne

et lateraliter fuscatis.

Alae hyalinae, apice elliptice rotundatae; reticulatione testaceo-pallida; stigmate

late fusco, externe pallido; sectore radii 6 ramis.

Ala anterior area apicali serie venularum gradatarum; area radiali 4 venulis

internis ; disco linea bina fusca longitudinali, anteriore ad procubitum a medio

alae ad rhegma, posteriore ad cubitum, ante ortum rami obliqui ad regionem

rhegmaticam ; stria item fasca obliqua ad venulas gradatas externas.

Ala posterior stria obliqua fusca ad vennlas gradatas externas subobliterata ;

cubito ad originem rami oblique ad rhegma fusco, sed haud limbato,

Long. corp.: 17 mm,

sy) Glaaitns ee LOsDi ss

Je Se ell) a

Hab, Oued Mya Sud, 18 mai, Deux échantillons ?.

25. Maracanda stigmalis sp. nov.

Similis /ineatae Nav.

Caput testacenm; duobus atomis fuscis inter antennas et linea transversa

tenuil pone antennas fuscis ; vertice medio sulcato, puncto transverso laterali et —

linea postica transversa fuscis ; oculis fusco-rufis; antennis fulvis, fusco annulatis ;

articulo ultimo palporam labialium externe fusco ad medium. ;

Thorax testaceus, superne fusco trilineatus, pilis albidis. Prothorax subaeque —

latus ac longus. Pectus fuscum, testaceo abunde maculatum. =

Abdomen fusco-ferrugineum, albido breviter pilosam; ultimis segmentis dorso

et ad latus, lobulis furcae 8 sterniti ? testaceis.

Pedes flavo-testacei, albo pilosi, fusco setosi; tibiis et tarsis apice fuscis,

femoribus superne et lateraliter fusco-ferrugineo notatis.

Alae apice elliptice rotundatae, hyalinae, stigmate late fusco, vix pallido—

externe; reticulatione testaceo-pallida; venis ad insertionem venularum fusco |

striatis ; sectore radii fere 5 ramis.

Ala anterior paucis venulis gradatis in area apicali, fusco limbatis; item —

limbatis venulis gradatis externis in striam obliquam, et axillis furcularum margi-

nalinm, aliquot venulis in ipsa insertione ad procubitum et cubitum ; area radia

4 vennulis internis. =

( 457 )

Ala posterior area radiali 2 venulis internis; aliquot venulis gradatis externis

et axiHis furcularum marginalium angustissime fusco limbatis.

Long. corp. : 18 mm.

Palvantes el Sto) 5,

op 1eeic # Aleka)

Hab. Nord de El-Golea, 18 mai. Trois échantillons.

Malgré la grande ressemblance de cette esptce avec la précédente, je ne puis

nullement Videntifier avec elle. Outre la diversité frappante de coloration, surtout

des ailes, je trouve les suivantes différences organiques, entre autres. Le pro-

thorax est moins allongé, les ailes plus courtes, proportionnellement, avec moins

de veinules en gradins au champ apieal et moins de branches au secteur ; le stigme

est plus allongé, ete.

26. Maracanda saharica sp. nov. (Tig. 9.)

Similis stigmali Nay. Minor, fulva, fusco notata.

Caput linea inter antennas, alia pone antennas, medio interrupta, fuscis ; vertice

fornicato, medio longitudinaliter sulcato et fusco lineato, quatuor punctis fuscis,

anterioribus majoribus et magis distantibus ; oculis plumbeis ; antennis testaceis,

fusco annulatis.

Prothorax longior quam latior, antrorsum leviter angustatus ; margine antico

rotundato ; pilis albis; dorso fusco trilineatus, linea laterali ante suleum subinter-

rupta. Meso- et metanotum similiter trilineata, linea laterali lata, in mesonoto

alia tenui interjecta.

Abdomen fuscum, furca octavi tergiti ? fulva, ad apicem noni haud attingente,

ramis valde divergentibus, fere in angulum rectum ; dorso fascia laterali lata et

linea angusta ad connectivum, fulvis.

Pedes testaceo-pallidi, flavido pilosi; femoribus dorso leviter ferrugineo

suffusis ; tarsorum articulis apice fuscis.

Alae hyalinae, apice elliptice rotundatae ; reticulatione subtota testacea, pallida ;

stigmate fusco, elongato.

Maracanda saharica Nay, 9. Bout de Vaile antérieure.

Ala anterior (fig. 9) venis ad insertionem venularum plerumque fusco panctatis ;

area apicali serie 5 venularum gradatarum fuscarum, quarum una fusco limbata;

area radiali 6 venulis ante sectorem ; sectore 6 ramis; stria fusca obliqua ad

venulas gradatas externas manifesta ; alia ad anastomosim exigua; aliquot venulis

procubitalibus ad insertionem rami anterioris cubiti limbatis.

Ala posterior reticulatione testaceo-pallida, venulis ultimis radialibus et gradatis

externis fuscis ; area apicali una alterave venula gradata pallida ; area radiali 3

( 458 )

venulis ante sectorem; sectore 5 ramis; stria anteapicali fusca tenui ad venulas

gradatas externas ; aliquot axillis furcularum marginalium levissime fuscatis.

3 ?

Long. corp. : 16 mm. 14. mm.

sy alata selon WHS) ge

» 9, post.: 16 ,, lb,

Hab. Oued Mya Sud, 1-5 mai. Un couple.

Je crois quwil ne sera pas inutile de donner ici le tableau dichotomique des

especes connues du genre Maracanda MacLachl., afin de les mieux connaitre et

de les rapporter entre elles.

1. Espéce de l’Asie et de ?Europe méridionale ; couleur générale jaune pale ;

ailes avec quelques atomes bruns, mais sans strie oblique antéapicale ; enverg.

30-40 mm. : , : 1. amoena ML.

Hspéces parce : ov Gte penal ian ou ieee antennes testacées,

annelées de bran ; ailes avec quelques atomes bruns et une strie oblique antéapicale

plus oe moins ienteste 4 ¢

. Aile antérieure avec dene bioree ioueyceuales aes parallels tres

eee l'antérieure & la partie externe du procubitus, la postérieure plus longue,

le long du ramean antérieur du cubitus ; un vestige de strie cubitale 4 Vaile

postérieure : : : ; . 2. lineata Navy.

——- Ailes sans ces fetiied loupitactinnateg ; ; - 3.

3. Plus grande, plus obscure ; abdomen presqne en Bitibe peak ehaae radial

de Vaile postérieure avec 2 veinules internes : ¢ 2 3. abkemnislin Nav.

Plus petite, plus pale; abdomen avee une bande latérale et une ligne

fine fauves de chaque coté & la partie supérieure ; 3 veinules internes au champ

radial de Vaile postérieure. . 4 A : ‘ : 3 4. saharica Nay

ON OVIS LERVIA PALLAS AND ITS SUBSPECIES.

By tur Hon. W. ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pu.D.

(See anted, p. 36.)3

Wuen I first examined the ¢ Barbary Sheep obtained by Mr. Hartert in the

Oued Mya on May 2, 1912, I was only able to compare it with a specimen

that died at Tring. I was even then much struck by the pale sandy colour

and absence of the median face-line; but on comparing it at the British Museum

with an Aurés Mountain ram, presented by Sir Edmond Loder, I was very doubtful,

and waited to see more specimens. Meanwhile I had a fine ¢ specimen, obtained

in the Aurés Mountains, mounted in exactly the same position as the Oued Mya ¢.

On comparing them a vast difference was at once apparent: while in the Oued Mya

one the colour was pale sandy rufous, without a trace of a dark face-stripe, with

a white patch below and somewhat behind the ears, and the horns were bent down

and backward, hardly rising at all above the skull, in the Aurés specimen the colour

is deep rafous grey with a distinct face-stripe, and the horns rise considerably

above the head before curving backwards, and the downward curve is slighter.

I saw at once that I must inspect more specimens. I ascertained that there were

a number of Eeyptian specimens in the possession of two sportsmen and in Messrs,

Rowland Ward’s hands, I first of all examined a 2 head from the mountains east

of the Nile which Messrs. Rowland Ward were mounting, and then the fine

3 belonging to Mr. Gilbert Blaine from between the Dongola Province and

Kordofan. I then inspected Mr, G. C. Whitaker’s fine ¢ from the Red Sea Province,

and lastly some dried skins of specimens from the Dongola region.

~The Dongola-Kordofan race is again very distinct ; having low bent horns like

the Oued Mya form, but the colour is brownish grey on the ueck and body, while

the head and face is darker grey owing to an admixture of black hair; the beard is

so strongly mixed with dark hairs that it appears almost black.

The Red Sea form is similar in most respects to the Oued Mya form, but

is deeper rufous in colour and lacks the sub-auricular light patches.

It now remains to cousider the nomenclature of these four forms, and we are

faced with a difficulty in the case of Pallas’s /ervia, for it was not always known

where his specimens came from; but there can be no such doubt in regard to

tragelaphus Cuvier, which came from Mauretania, and ornatus T. Geotfroy, the type

of which was shot “ outside the gates of Cairo.” However, as Pallas founded his

lervia on Shaw’s Fishtall or Lerwee, and this was procured in Algeria, it is quite

clear that both dervia and tragelaphus refer to the North Mauretanian race. The

Red Sea race is undoubtedly the one which in Geoffroy’s days reached to Cairo, and

therefore must stand as ornatus, while the Central Saharan and Dongola-Kordofan

races must get names. I describe them as follows :

Ovis lervia sahariensis subsp. nov.

3 ad. Horns strongly depressed, turning sharply down before bending back-

wards. Uniform pale rafous sand-colour all over; a whitish patch below and

somewhat behind the ear, no trace of a median facial stripe,

( 460 )

Hab, West Central Sahara,

Type: ¢ ad. Oued Mya, May 2, 1912 (Ernst Hartert and Carl Hilgert coll.).

Ovis lervia blainei subsp. nov.

3 ad. Horns strongly depressed, turning sharply downwards, but not bent

backwards so much as in the other three races,

Neck aud body uniformly brownish grey, less rufous than in any of the other

races. Sides of head, face, and mask much darker owing to admixture of blackish

hairs ; beard on rami of lower jaw almost black.

Hab, Dongola Province ; Kordofan.

Type: ¢ ad., Border of Dongola Province and Kordofan (Gilbert Blaine coll.).

I here append a short key of the four races :

(Herne strongly depressed, no face-stripe. 2.

1) Horns hardly or not at all depressed, an indistinct median face-stripe. Ovis

i lervia lervia,

5 foe sandy rufous. 3.

“\Pelage brownish grey, beard blackish, Ovis lervia blaine?.

jPelage warm sandy rufous, no white sub-auricular patch. Ovis lervia ornata,

\Pelage pale sandy rufous, a white sub-auricular patch. Ovis lervia sahariensis.

XII.

ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN THE WESTERN SAHARA BY DR. ERNST

HARTERT, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. ;

By ERNEST E. AUSTEN,

Parr I. BOMBYLIIDAE.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue collection of Diptera formed by Dr. Brust Hartert during his recent expedition

to the Algerian Sahara, although not extensive, includes, as is but natural, a number

of species of interest. Owing to official duties, the author has found it impossible

in the following pages to do more than give an account of the Bombyliidae, but a

second instalment of this paper, dealing with the remainder of the collection, will be

published as soon as possible. In the present contribution, for the sake of greater

completeness, notes on certain specimens taken in Algeria in 1908 by the Hon.

L. W. Rothschild, and presented by him to the National Collection, have also been

included. With the exception of species distinguished by an asterisk (*), deter-

minations of previously described species have been supplied or verified by

Herr Th. Becker, of Liegnitz, who has made a special study of Algerian Diptera,

and to whom the author desires to express sincere thanks for his great kindness.

It only remains to add that Dr, Hartert’s collection of Diptera, including the

types of new species, has most generonsly been presented to the British Museum

(Natural History). g

LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LS

( 461 )

ANTHRACINAE.

Genus EXOPROSOPA Macq.

Exoprosopa beckeri sp. nov.

?. Length (8 specimens) 14 to 18°5 mm.; width of head 4 to 5:2 mm.; width

of front at vertex 1 to 1-4 mm.; length of wing 16 to 21:5 mm.

Large, sand-coloured species, with pale, parti-coloured wings, tips and hind

borders of which are mithy ; head and body clothed exclusively with yellowish cream-

coloured hairs and scales, bristles on post-alar calli and hind border of scutellum also

yellowish ; antennal style elongate, often as long or almost as long as third joint of

antennae ; wings with all posterior marginal cells open, and submarginal transverse

vein (recurrent vein) sinuate, not at right angles to second longitudinal vein.

Head : Ground-colour ochraceous-rufous, lower portion of sides of face yellowish

horn-colonred, a spot or blotch on vertex, also jowls and basi-occipital region, and

sunken portion of occiput slate-coloured or blackish slate-coloured ; face only bluntly

conical below, not especially prominent ; horizontal portion of proboscis, from origin

of palpi to tip, 4 to 475 mm. in length ; palpi dark brown on outer surface, and

clothed with yellowish hair; first and second joints of antennae ochraceous-rufous,

third joint clove-brown or black.

Thorax : Ground-colour of main portion clove-brown or blackish slate, that of

sentellum and post-alar calli cinnamon-rufous or chestnut, an ill-defined roughly

triangular area on hind border of main portion of dorsum likewise reddish in some

Specimens, extreme base of scutellum occasionally blackish slate-coloured ; hair

on collar and upper part of pleurae Jong and dense, ground-colour of dorsum in

undenuded specimens entirely concealed by hair and scales.

Abdomen: Ground-colour (which in undenuded specimens is completely con-

cealed in same way as that of dorsum of thorax) sometimes same as that of

scutellum, except that tergites of first three or four sezments each have a median,

transverse, blackish slate-colonred blotch at base; in other cases ground-colour of

dorsum is mainly blackish slate, but the hind borders of the second to the sixth

tergites inclisive, as well as the lateral extremities of the second and third, or

second, third, and fourth tergites are cinnamon-rafons, while the hind border of the

last tergite is ochraceous-bnff, and the venter is cinnamon-rufons, with a greyish

clove-brown transverse band, more or less widely interrupted in the middle line, at:

the base of each ventral scute, commencing with the second; in yet other specimens

gronnd-colonr is clove-brown or blackish slate, but posterior angles of second and

third tergites, hind borders of third and following tergites, and those of all ventral

scutes are ochraceous-buff or buff.

Wings : Anterior two-thirds, from base of wing to end of first longitudinal

vein, buff or cream-buff (proximal third or two-thirds of marginal cell, proximal

two-thirds or three-fourths of second basal cell, and proximal half of anal cell paler);

this coloured area bounded distally by an irregular, lighter or darker, mammy-

brown or sepia-coloured oblique band, starting from anal cell just beyond middle

(or from axillary cell close to median portion of sixth longitudinal vein), filling

more or less completely bases of third and fourth posterior cells (usually occupying

a larger portion of fourth than of third posterior cell), occupying proximal half or

rather more than proximal half of discal cell, forming a border along posterior side

of third longitudinal vein from just beyond junction of anterior transverse vein to

( 462 )

distal extremity of discal cell, thence curving across first posterior cell a little

beyond its middle and passing into an irregular blotch suffusing submarginal trans-

verse vein and junction of latter with second longitudinal vein, and terminating at

distal extremity of first longitudinal vein, but leaving extreme tip of marginal cell,

as also that of interior submarginal cell, unoccupied. The degree uf development of

the oblique band just described varies in different individuals ; sometimes the band

is well developed, fairly dark, and so broad as greatly to restrict the extent of

the buff-coloured area in the proximal portion of the wing; in other instances the

central portion of the band is so faint as to be scarcely distinguishable, so that the

band is divided into two blotches, one extending from anal cell to base of third

posterior cell, the other suffusing the junction of the submarginal transverse vein

with the second longitudinal ; in all cases the milky hind border makes a deep

indentation into the distal portion of the discal cell: first costal cell occasionally

mummy-brown, Sguamae isabella-coloured, fringes whitish.

Halteres : Stalks buff or cream-buff, knobs cream-coloured, sometimes darker

at base.

Legs: Front femora clove-brown, extreme tips cinnamon-rafous, middle and

hind femora cinnamon-rufous, lower portion of their anterior surfaces clove-brown,

middle and hind femora sometimes mainly clove-brown, all femora, as also tibiae

and tarsi, clothed above with whitish scales, bristles on femora, tibiae, and tarsi

black ; tibiae and tarsi cinnamon-rufous, front tibiae sometimes more or less clove-

brown, at least on inside, middle and hind tibiae long and slender.

Aucertan Sawara: type and three para-types from Hl Meksa, south of

El Goléa, 2. iv. 1912; two specimens from the southern portion of the Oued Mya,

5. v. 1912 ; two from El Goléa, 10-13. v. 1912.

The author has much pleasure in naming this fine species in honour of Herr

Th. Becker, in grateful recognition of the generous assistance afforded by him in the

working out of Dr. Hartert’s collection.

In coloration and general appearance Exoprosopa beckeri presents a distinet

resemblance to Z. albida Walk. (? = L. bagdadensis Macq.), the type of which is

stated by Walker to be from the “ Hast Indies,” and to Z. olivierti Macq., of which

the typical example was obtained in Arabia. In neither of these species, however,

are the distal extremity and hind border of the wing distinctly milky, as is the case

in L. becheri, while the latter is farther distinguished, inter alia, by its first posterior

cell being open instead of closed, and by the elongation of its middle and hind

tibiae.

Exoprosopa arenacea Becker.

(Zeitschr. f. syst. Hym. u. Dipt., Bd. vi. p. 151 (1906).)

Three ? 2? from El Meksa, south of El Goléa, Algerian Sahara, 2. iv. 1912.

According to the original description the wings in this species are “ violet-

grey,” and “harmonise very well with the colour of the sand.” The wings in

Dr. Hartert’s specimens, however, are dark brown, except the tips, hind borders,

and an extension from the latter into the distal portion of the discal cell, all of

which are either milky-white (two specimens) or light drab-grey (one specimen) :

the dark colour is sharply differentiated from the pale portion of the wings, and

there is no trace of the supernumerary transverse veins mentioned in Becker's

description. It will be seen, then, that from the description of the wings alone

it would be impossible to recognise Dr. Hartert’s specimens as belonging to

( 463 )

Le. arenacea Becker. Other noteworthy differences, however, exist. Thus Becker

describes the first two joints of the antennae as “ yellowish-brown,” while he states

that the last two abdominal tergites are “ entirely yellow’’; in the specimens before

the writer the first two joints of the antennae are clove-brown or black, at any rate

above, and the abdominal tergites in question, except their hind borders, are of the

same colour.

It may be added that the typical specimen (a ?) of 2. arenacea Becker, which

is in the Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, in Brussels, was obtained

at Tilhs de Mela, in the Sahara, on 1. iv. 1893, by Professor Lameere.

Genus MOLYBDAMOEBA Sack.

Molybdamoeba trinotata Duf.

(Ann. Soe, Ent. France, 2 Série, T. x. p. 7, Pl. 1. i. fig. 9 (1852) (Anthraz).)

One ? from the southern portion of the Oued Mya, Algerian Sahara, 4. v. 1912.

This specimen does not altogether agree either with Dufour’s figure, or with

his extremely brief description : the type of the species was taken in the vicinity of

Madrid.

Genus CYTHEREA Fabr.

* Cytherea argyrocephala Macq.

(Mém. Soc. royale des Se., de V Agric. et des Arts de Lille, 1840, p. 333 (Anthrax) ; Dipt, Exot., ii,

1, p. 55, Pl. 20. fig. 9 (1840) (Anthraz).)

One ¢ from Hammam R’Irha, Algeria, May 1908 (Hon. L. W. Rothschild).

The type of C. argyrocephala Macq. was obtained in Algeria, and the British

Museum possesses a 2 of this species from Constantine, 7. v. 1895 (Rey. A. EB. Eaton),

in which there are three submarginal cells in the right wing. The left wing of this

specimen is, however, perfectly normal, and does not exhibit even a trace of a

supernumerary transverse vein in the first submarginal cell.

Under the name Mulio argyrocephalus Macq., Becker (Zeitschr. f. syst. Hym.

u. Dipt., iti. Jahrg., p. 91 (1903) ) records the oceurrence of this species in Egypt.

BOMBYLITNAE.

Genus GERON Meig.

* Geron hybridus Meig.

(Klassif., i, p. 186 (1804) (Bombylius).)

One ? from the southern portion of the Oued Mya, Algerian Sahara, 4. v. 1912.

Genus USIA Latr.

Usia florea abr.

(Ent. Syst., T, iv. p. 412 (1794) (Voluccella).)

Four dd and one ? from Hammam R’Irha, North Algeria, May 1911 (Hon.

L. W. Rothschild and Dr. E. J. O. Hartert).

The Museum previously possessed specimens of this species from the same

locality, as well as others from Algiers, taken in both cases in May 1908

(Hon, L. W. Rothschild).

( 464 ) ‘

Genus CONOPHORUS Meig.

Conophorus bellus Beck.

(Zeitschr. f. syst. Lym. u. Dipt., Ba, vi. p. 112 (1906) (Ploas bella).)

One ¢ from Biskra, South Algeria (Hon. L. W. Rothschild and Dr, E. J. O.

Hartert).

The type of this species was obtained at Tunis.

Genus ANASTOECHUS 0. Sack.

Anastoechus retrogradus Beck.

(Mitteil. Zool. Mus. Berlin, ii. Ba., 2, Heft, p. 17 (1902) (Systvechus).)

One 2 from the southern portion of the Oued Mya, Algerian Sahara, 4. v. 1912.

The typical specimens of A. retrogradus were taken at Alexandria, Egypt, at

the beginning of May, and Bezzi (Brotéria, Se. Zool., vol. viii. fase. 2, p. 50,

tab. ix. fig. 37 (1909)), who has published a photographic illustration of the species,

also records its occurrence at Sidi-Gaber, near Alexandria. Becker (loc. cit.)

mentions the capture of a @ at Berriane, Southern Algeria (Sahara), on May 28

(Prof, Lameere), and the British Musenm (Natural History) possesses a d and

trom Biskra, Algeria, 13. iv. 1895, “visiting Limoniastrum guyonianum, Coss. and

Dur.” (Rey. A. E. Eaton). A second ? in the National Collection, from Fontaine

Chande, §. Algeria, 16.v.1894 (Rey. A. E. Eaton), either represents a variety of

A. retrogradus Beck., or, as is perhaps more probable, belongs to a new but closely

allied species. It is distinguished from the typical form of A. retrogradus by its

much greater size, measuring 14:5 instead of 11 or 12 mm. in length ; by the first

joint of the antennae being pale cinnamon-rafous, instead of black or blackish; by

the third joint of the antennae being different in shape (suddenly contracted and

less tapering) as seen when the head is viewed in profile; and by the greater

development of coarse, ochre-yellow or brown-tipped hairs on the front, and of

transverse bands of ochraceous hairs on the abdomen.

Anastoechus retrogradus Beck. is allied to A. (Bombylius) miscens Walk,

(Entomologist, vol. v. p. 271 (1871)), the type of which was obtained at Arkeko,

near Massowah, Britraa. In A. méscens, however, the abdominal bristles are

entirely black, the base of the anterior branch of the third longitudinal vein is not

rectangular and is deyoid of all trace of a recurrent appendix, and the transverse

veins are not suffused with brown.

Anastoechus hyrcanus (Pall.) Wied.

(Zoologisches Magazin, Ba. i, Stiick ii, p. 22 (1818) (Bombylius).)

One ¢ from Biskra (Hon. L. W. Rothschild and Dr, E. J. O. Hartert).

Genus BOMBYLIUS Linn.

Bombylius punctatus labr.

(Ent. Syst. T. iv. p. 408 (1794).)

One excellently preserved 3 of this splendid species from Hammam R’Irha,

North Algeria, May 1911 (Hon. L. W. Rothschild and Dr, E. J. O. Hartert).

The National Collection previously possessed specimens of B. punctatus from

( 465 )

Constantine, 12, 15. v. 1895, and Lac des Oiseaux, 15. vi, 1896, in North Algeria

(Rey. A. E. Eaton); from Kambos, Mt. l'aygetos, Southern Greece, July, 1901

(Holtz); Corfu, 31. v. 1901 (Rev. F. D. Morice); Odessa, South Russia, 1843

(Dr. Dowler); Galilee, Palestine (B. T. Lowne, F.R.C.S., F.L.S.); and Jericho,

Palestine, 13. iv. 1909 (Rey. I’. D. Morice).

Becker (Zeitschr. f. syst. Hym. u. Dipt., Bd. vi. p. 97 (1906)) records the

capture of an example of this species near Tunis, in the month of May.

Bombylius fimbriatus Meig.

(Syst. Beschr. ii. p. 191 (1820).)

One ¢ from Hammam R’Irha, North Algeria, May 1911 (Hon, L. W. Roths-

child and Dr. E. J. O, Hartert).

Bombylius senex Meig.

(Syst. Beschr., ti. p. 216 (1820).)

Two ?2 from the Oued Nea, between Guerrara and Ghardaia, Southern

Algeria, 3-5. vi. 1912.

(Lo be continued.)

XIII.

ORDER RHYNCHOTA.—HOMOPTERA.

By W. L. DISTANT.

Fammry CICADIDAE.

1. Melampsalta cantans.

Tettigona cantans Fabr., Ent. Syst. iv. p. 20. 13 (1794).

North Algeria ; Hammam R’hira (May 1911, Rothsch. and Hart.).

2. Pauropsalta aestuans.

Tettigonia aestuans Fabr., Ent, Syst. iv, p. 20. 14 (1794).

North Algeria; Hammam R’hira (May 1911, Rothsch. and Hart.).

Famiry FULGORIDAE.

Subfam. DicryopHarinar,

3. Dictyophara harterti sp. n.

Head and pronotum ochraceous ; lateral margins of vertex above and a central

longitudinal carination between eyes, lateral margins and carinations to pronotum,

and carinations to mesonotum, virescent ; abdomen above greenish ochraceous ;

vertex beneath ochraceous, the lateral margins and a central carination yirescent ;

( 466 )

face ochraceous, lateral margins and clypeus virescent ; body beneath virescent ; legs

ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, apices of the first palely infuscate ; head

long, porreet, slightly but distinctly curved downward, considerably longer than the

mesonotum and seutellum together, deeply excavate above, the lateral margins

strongly ridged, the apex rounded and a little narrowed ; pro- and mesonota with

three éentral, longitudinal carinations ; tegmina longer then the head, pronotum and

scutellum together, the apical third transversely veined ; posterior tibiae with four

spines.

Length (including tegmen): 12 mm,

South Algeria ; S. of Ghardaia (May 1912).

Apparently allied to 2). ogadensis Melich. from Somaliland, but differs in

having the head, pronotum and seutellum together shorter than the tegmina ; from

D. pannonica Creutz it is distinct by the structure of the head and different

coloration.

Subfam. Issryan,

4. Falcidius apterus.

Cercopis aptera Fabr., Ent. Syst. iv. p. 54 (1794).

North Algeria (Rothsch. and Hart. 1912).

Subfam. Farias.

‘5, Rhinophantia longiceps.

Phantia longiceps Put., Rev. d’Ent. 1888. p. 367.

Sands of El Arich, S.W, of Touggourt (June 1912); Oued Neca (Ghardaia to

Guerrara, June 1912).

Fammy CERCOPIDAE.

6. Triecphora numida.

Cercopis numida Guér., Iconogr. Regne Anim, p. 369 (1829-1838),

Les Glaciéres de Blida (June 1908, Rothsch. and Jord.).

Famity JASSIDAE.

7. Hecalus dubius.

Hecalus dubins Melich., Verh. z.-b, Ges. Wien liv. p, 36, no, 36 (1904),

N. of El-Golea, Algerian Sahara.

I submitted this species to Dr. Melichar, who kindly identified it as his

Hecalus dubius, described from Southern Abyssinia.

8. Eupelix producta.

Eupeli« producta Germ,, Faun, Eur, 20, 24 (1817),

Algeria (May 1912).

9. Athysanus sp.

Apparently near A. taeniaticeps Kbm., perhaps a variety of same?

Sands of El Arich, 8.W. of Touggourt (June 1912).

( 467 )

10, Athysanus othello sp. n.

Head and pronotum ochraceous, a series of minute black spots both on the

anterior and posterior margins of head, eyes black ; seutellum ochraceous with a small

black spot at each basal angle and an angulated transverse black line on disk ; face

black with some scattered small ochraceous spots ; cheeks and clypeus ochraceons, the

former with an inner marginal row of small dark spots and the latter more or less

suffused with piceous ; sternum black ; abdomen beneath ochraceous, the lateral

margins more or less black ; legs ochraceous, femora annulated with black, apices

of tibie black, tarsi spotted with black ; tegmina ochraceous, sparingly and

irregularly spotted with black, the spots small, the most prominent being on each

side of the claval suture (at apex and behind middle), and a few on the costal margin ;

head short, rounded, about three times as broad as long; pronotum finely trans-

versely striate ; scutellum moderately obliquely depressed at basal area.

Length : 5 mm.

Oued Nea (Ghardaia to Guerrara), June 1912.

11. Deltocephalus melichari sp. n.

Head very pale stramineous, a small fuscous spot on each side of apex and

two somewhat large transverse brown spots just in front of eyes which are very pale

violaceous ; pronotum, scutellum,'and tegmina stramineous ; pronotum with four

transverse brownish spots, two on anterior margin below inner margins of eyes, and

two on disk, and a short transverse black line beneath the eyes; scutellam with

three brownish spots on anterior margin and one before apex, all transverse ;

tegmina with the apical area subhyaline, the transverse veins, the apical margin,

and a subapical spot, fuscous-brown ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, face

paler ; head longer than broad between eyes, centrally moderately longitudinally

depressed, the apex subacutely rounded; eyes large, obliquely directed backward,

longer than broad; pronotum about as long as head, and twice as broad at base

as long.

Length: 5 mm.

E]-Meksa, south of El-Golea.

( 468 )

XIV.

ODONATA.

Von Dr. F. RIS in Ruerau, Scuwetz.

1. Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis Vanderl.

1 3, Hammam Phira, 31. v. 1911 (W. Rothsch. and KH. Hartert).

2. Ischnura Graellsi Ramb.

1 3g, See Fedzara, 21. v. 1909; 1d, 2 3 2, El-Golea, 16. v. 1912.

Das 3 von El-Golea zeigt einen sehr feinen weisslichen Saum am hintern Rand

des Prothorax, eine Higenschaft, die sonst nicht Z. Graellst sondern der nahe ver-

wandten J. Genei zukommt. Die Appendices dieses Exemplars sind stark

gequetscht; doch glaube ich an den App. sup. bestimmt die Graellsi-Form zu

erkennen.

3. Agrion Lindeni Selys.

1 3, See Fedzara, 21. v. 1909 (W. Rothsch. and EH. Hartert).

4. Mesogomphus Hageni Selys.

1 6, Biskra, 24. ii—16. iii.

Das unausgefiirbte Exemplar stimmt in den Strukturmerkmalen mit vor-

liegenden d von Abessinien und Siidafrika iiberein.

5. Hemianax ephippiger Burm.

3 % 9%, Hassi el Hadjar, 15. iii. 1912.

6. Orthetrum anceps Schneid.

1 ?, Hammam Rhira, 25. v. 1911 (W. Rothsch. and BE. Hartert).

7. Orthetrum chrysostigma Burm.

1 dg, El-Golea, 26. iii. 1912.

8. Trithemis annulata Pal. de Beauv.

336, 1 2, In-Salah, Tidikelt, 15, 20. iv. 1912.

{ Hiiufig in den Oasengiirten.—E.H. |

9. Selysiothemis nigra Vanderl.

1 3, El-Golea, 16. v, 1912.

Wiihrend die Arten unter 1-8 lange bekannte Vertreter der algerischen Fauna

sind, bedeutet S. nigra einen ausserordentlich interessanten Zuwachs zu unserer

Kenntnis dieser Fauna. Die Art wurde 1825 von Vander Linden beschrieben nach

einem bei Terracina in Mittelitalien gefangenen adulten ¢; das Exemplar ist in der

Sammlung Selys Longchamps (jetzt im Museum in Briissel) noch vorhanden. Hin

zweites d, unausgefiirbt und damit von ziemlich verschiedenem Aussehen, erhielt

de Selys aus Catalonien von Cuni y Martorel und beschrieb es 1878 als Urothemis

advena. 1897 beschrieb der Verfasser aus dem Hamburger Museum eine Serie 3 ?

von Maralbachi in Chinesisch Turkestan und errichtete fiir die Art die Gattung

Selysiothemis. 1912 endlich erwiihnt sie A. Bartenef von Afghanistan, Persien, dem

( 469 )

Amu Darja, Transkaspien und der Provinz Elisabetpol. Das sehr eigentiimliche

Colorit beider Geschlechter liisst sich vortrefflich mit ihrer Existenz in Sand- und

Wiistengebieten vereinbaren. Der neue Fund der Art im Siiden von Algerien lisst

erwarten, dass ihre Existenz in Italien und Catalonien doch nicht von der éstlichen

Hauptverbreitung so véllig isoliert ist, wie es zunichst den Anschein hat. Es

bleibt zu bedenken, dass im ganzen Mittelmeergebiet gerade solche Gegenden, wie

sie dieser Art zuzusagen scheinen, doch noch sehr unyollstindig auf Libellen

durchforscht sind.

Die systematische Stellung von Selyséothemis liegt weit ab von den palae-

arktischen Libellulinengattungen, Die niichsten Verwandten sind zweifellos die zwei

Arten der Gattung Macrodiplax Brau., cora Brau. mit einer enorm weiten insuliiren

und Kiistenverbreitung am pacifischen und indischen Ocean, dalteata Hag. mit einem

sehr engen Kiistenareal am Golf von Mexico, beide mit Verdacht auf Entwick-

lung in Brackwasser oder Salzwasser. Moglicherweise ist ein solcher Verdacht

auch fiir 8. nigra gerechtfertigt.

[Das Exemplar wurde am Rande des ganz rezenten, von dem Ueberfluss der

artesischen Brunnen entstandenen Siisswassersees gefangen, doch befinden sich in

der Nihe auch Brackwasserlachen, die im Sommer verdunsten.—E.H. |

CORRECTIONS TO No. VIL (LEPIDOPTERA).

By toe Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pu.D.

Ocneria uniformis mihi = Cazama inotata Walk.

Bryophila incerta mihi belongs to the genus Jambiodes Hmpsn., and must

stand as lambiodes incerta (Rothsch.).

Eublemma sabulosa mihi belongs to the Acronychid genus Mudaria Moore,

and must stand as Mudaria sabulosa (Rothsch.).

The Anumeta called A. henkei (No. 77, p. 129) is a new subspecies, and is

described below.

Lymire lactealis (No. 130) 3 and [nosima albicantalis (No. 134) 3 are 3 and ¢

of one species, and must stand as Lymire lactealis Rothsch. The ? mentioned under

L. lactealis is a new species, and will be described later.

Anerastia majorella mihi = Anerastia ablutella Zell.

Constantia longidentalis mihi = Cladeobia chellalalis Hmpsn.

Constantia aridalis mihi belongs to the genus Aefenia, and must stand as

Aetenia aridalis (Rothsch.).

Constantia dilutalis mihi is a Phycid of the genus Tephris, and must stand as

Tephris dilutalis (Rothsch.).

Anumeta henkei harterti subsp. nov.

3. Differs from henkei henkei by its sandy yellow not grey ground-colour and

the sharper transverse lines in the forewings, in the almost complete absence of grey

markings on the hindwings, and in the submarginal black line of the latter being

almost obsolescent.

Type d. S. of El-Golea, 12. v. 1912.

( 470 )

SOME UNFIGURED SYNTOMIDAE.

By tHe Hon. W. ROTHSCHILD, Pu.D., F.R.S.

PLATE XIII.

Cosmosoma rosenbergi Rothsch. Ann. Mag. vol. 5 (8). p. 508

” Jlavothorax ,, la yo ” p. 507

i intensa » . : ” sik ” ”

55 crathidinum ,, - Noy. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 34

ad watsont % Ann. Mag, vol. 5 (8). p. 508

buchwaldi i - - S 9 5 p. 509

b citrinum - Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 34

5 pulchrum Rothsch. nom. nov.

for C. rosenbergi = - No. 49 aie 3 p-. 35

Cosmosoma parambae Rothsch. ; ie tes » ”

a chiriquensis ,, - - . Ann. Mag. vol. 5 (8). p. 508

klagest " : i p- 509

Phaio unimacula fr - - Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 39

Calonotos antennata is ” ” % ”

Cosmosoma teuthras lignicolor Rathedh” 3 Fr <i p. 35

Euchromia brilliantina Rothsch. ; ” ” ” p. 38

Cosmosoma brasiliense * - - ” ” ” p. 36

Saurita watsoni of ” ” ” p. 37

Chrysocale gigas ” ha Lp loaia ” p. 39

Poliopasta rosenbergi #3 ” ” ” p. 40

Cosmosoma teuthras nigrescens RotHaohs " - 5 p. 35

Gymnelia ottonis Rothsch. nom. noy. +

for baroni ” ” ” p. 28

Histixea hoffmannsi ROtheobs isha yi ogy ” p. 39

Argyroeides flavicornis ,, ” ” ” p. 42

Cosmosoma meridense a - - ” ” ” p. 36

Euchromia wahnesi x ” ” ” p. 38

Calonotos opalizans et oe anaes) ” p. 40

t longipennis 7 spells ” ”

Poliopasta ockendent of - - ” ” ” ”

Mesolasia felderi » rl) ” p. 41

Trichiura fasciata » = = » 9 ” ”

Euchromia neglecta neglecta Rothsch. ‘at kahie 99 p. 38

Saurita cardinalis Rothseh. - - = ” ” ” p. 37

Luchromia neglecta occidentalis Rothsch. ihe, 9 p. 38

Eurota parishi Rothsch. - — - yo» ” p. 37

Dnieladia vitrina op » ” ” 59 ieee

Calonotos hoffmannsi aA - - 0 ” ” p- 40

Paraethria angustipennis ,, » 9 » p. 41

5 Havosignata ,,

(471)

Argyroeides affinis Rothsch. . . ~~ Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 41

Icharia bricenot - - - as ” ” p. 36

Psilopleura klagesi sf j . ” ” ” ”

‘5 hymenopteridia Rothsch. -- ae! ” Ay.

Eurota baeri Rothsch. . : 6 ‘ Mt ; FF p. 37

Hymenopteron mimicked by 42,

PLATE XIV

Pseudosphex klagesi Rothsch. c : Noy. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 24

” garleppi ” = ye ” 2) ” ”

” esl ” ” ” ” ”

3 steinbachi ,, - - BN aad i *

Sphecosoma trinitatis FS ; é Sh aes 0 )

Wasp mimicked by 5

Sphecosoma aurantiipes ,, - : Frida wich es p. 25

” rufipes ” : : ” ” ” ”

” mathani » = = » 9 ” ”

Isanthrene schausi fo : : fie gh mn 5

” drucei ” = = » 9 ” p. 26

Sarosa boenninghauseni ,, c a Peat $5 p: 27

» — hlagesi » $ = ge oA ” ”

Gymnelia chimaera 3 : : Sek de 69 o

” boettgeri ” ms - ” ” ” Pp. 28

5 ockendeni 55 , . Ann. Mag. vol. 5 (8). p. 510

5 doneastert . - Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 28

Phoenicoprocta baeri - ; j sees of »

a steinbachi Rothsch. - ial Nt - p. 29

Pheia costalis Rothsch : Fern p os

Loxophlebia klagesi 3 - SADE Ti, hee + x

” rufescens — . . a) ” ” ”

Tsanthrene cajetani * = = eo eae % p- 26

5 tryphanet » ie 56 ” ”

be columbiana ,, - = yo» » ”

Autochloris mathani 45 3 = eS 5 meen

Gymnelia pilosa % - - Ann. Mag. vol 5 (8). p. 511

- baroni * . 53) ” p. 910

Cosmosom brinkley? % - - Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 31

” garleppi ” : . ” ” ” ”

» oroyanum =a » 9 ” ”

Loxophlebia cosmosomoides Rothsch. ‘ee , p. 30

” semiflava Rtothsch. = = ” ” ” ”

Chrostosoma viridipunctatum Rothsch. . mri ee ” ”

Leucotomis felderi Rothsch. - — - Pe <p ” ”

Chrostosoma schausi +r ; . » oo» ” ”

Cosmosoma mathani 1 - 2 he oe ” p. 31

éy bricenoi a . : BD, ” p. 32

2 carabayanum ,; - - » ” ”

( 472 )

Fig. 40. Cosmosoma viridicingulatum Rothsch. . Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 32

ay ALS 55 baroni Rothsch. - OO > »

ys. ARs ss Jlavicostale ,, : 5 Sta tess as p-. 33

» 43. A steinbachi PP - TS 53 os ”

” 44, ” simillimum ” ’ . ” ” ” ”

» 40. . metallicum ,, Pub ae a sp ” ”

ant: mn ichneumonoides Rothsch. . 4, Ep » p- 34

mes rs stuarti 2 Rothsch, += - sae ass ” ”

” 48. ” ” 3 ” ‘ S ” ” ” 33

ashes “0 venatum ” 2 % ” ” ” ”

” 50. ” dubium ” . . ” ” ” ”

RL le 96 analicincta ,, = ee Ann. Mag. vol. 5 (8). p. 509

» 02 hs ochendeni “5 » ”

: : ee

» D8. ” plagiata ” 2 5 pe) ” p. 510

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THE EDITORS OF “NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,”

ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM,

PRINTED. BY HAZELL, WATSON AND VINEY, Luby 1.ONDON AND AYLESBURY,

No. 14: Mammals. No.15: Birds’ Eggs, No.16: Reptiles, ~

KH Journal of Zoology.

EDITED BY

Taz Hoy. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERS. PuD,\

Dr. ERNST HARTERT, ano Dr. K. JORDAN...

Voie Ox:

No. 3.

Paces 473—615.

Piares XILI—XV.

Issuep Ocroper 21sv, ar vHE ZooLocica, Museum, Tring. —

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Lp. LONDON AND AYLESBURY,

“1913.

Vou. XX.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

EDITED BY

WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

pei oS

CONTENTS OF NO. III.

PAGES

‘4. LIST OF THE COLLECTIONS OF BIRDS

MADE BY ALBERT 8S. MEEK IN THE

LOWER RANGES OF THE SNOW

MOUNTAINS, ON THE EILANDEN

RIVER, AND ON MOUNT GOLIATH

DURING THE YEARS 1910 AND 1911 Walter Rothschild and

Ernst Hartert ~ 4738—527

9, SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY MR.

ROBIN KEMP IN TROPICAL AFRICA &. Jordan and

N. Charles Rothschild . 528 —581

3. SOME NEW # £ANTHRIBIDAE FROM ‘ ,

AFRICA : 5 ‘ i ‘ y . K, Jordan . 3 - 582—985,

4. LIST OF MAMMALS OBTAINED BY THE

HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST

HARTERT, AND CARL HILGERT IN 3

WESTERN ALGERIA DURING 1913 . Oldfield Thomas. . 586—591

5, DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SYNZOMIDS Walter Rothschild . , 591 es

6. EXPEDITION TO THE CENTRAL WESTERN on a

SAHARA BY ERNST? HARTERT Ne A M

(Continuation) — ie

XV. Ruynconota HErrroprera » @ Horvath . § 4 592—597 ty

XVI. Hymenorrena (Puare XV.) .. FD. Morice — . —. 598-602

XVII. Onrnoprines . 0. =... Tgnacio Bolivar... 603615

WOVITATES ZOOLOGICA.

Vol. XX. OCTOBER 1913. No. 3.

LIST OF THE COLLECTIONS OF BIRDS MADE BY

ALBERT 8S. MEEK IN THE LOWER RANGES OF THE

SNOW MOUNTAINS, ON THE EILANDEN RIVER, AND ON

MOUNT GOLIATH DURING THE YEARS 1910 AND 1911.

By tHe Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pa.D., ann ERNST

HARTERT, Pu.D. Rg oe, HUET

RE, IGS: <F/,

EP ok several years we had in vain urged our indefatigable correspondent Albert

S. Meek to make an attempt to collect in the Charles Louis or in the Snow

Mountains (which form the eastern much higher continuation of the latter) in

Dutch New Gninea, but not until 1909 did he declare himself to be willing to

undertake this somewhat difficult expedition.

On May 1 Mr. Meek left Samarai for Port Moresby on his boat the “ Shamrock,”

and on the 22nd reached Merauke, the new settlement on the south coast of Dutch

New Guinea. From there he went along the coast in a Dutch patrol boat. The

Dutch authorities, especially Mr. Hellwig, the Resident at Merauke, Mr. Kalff,

Assistant-resident, Captain van der Bie, and Jater on Captain van der Ven, Captain

Schaeffer, and other officers of the inland expeditions were exceedingly kind to

Meek, and all our thanks are due to them.

Most of Meek’s collections were made on the Setekwa River, a small tributary

of the Oetakwa River, and at elevations from 2500 to 3000 ft., two and three days

inland from “Canoe Camp,” on the Oetakwa River. No attempt seems to have

been made to reach greater heights of the Snow Mountains. In going up the

river Mr. Meek had to depend entirely on the Bornean canoes belonging to the

Dutch Military Expedition. In his book, A Naturalist in Cannibal Land, on

pp. 215, 216, Mr. Meek writes: “‘On the way up from® Canoe Camp my own boys

had to do all the carrying, because it was impossible to enlist any help from the

natives. The country through which we passed was of a limestone formation,

very savage and inhospitable. ‘The limestone came out in sharp ridges, and was

full of holes and caverns, making the march slow, difficult, and painful. As a

result of three days’ hard work we got to a height of some 2500 ft., still in very

inhospitable country, and among timid or semi-hostile natives. ‘The weather was

hot, and fever very bad in our camp. We found it impossible to get any native

food, and so we had to do without vegetables. The only relief we had from the

tinned food and rice which we carried with us was an occasional grilled pigeon.”

Mr. Meek during his stay, besides the collection of birds, made very large

collections of lepidoptera, containing numerous new species.

In December Mr. Meek had a cordial offer from the captain commanding the

Hilanden River Expedition to join his forces. This offer was too good to be

( 474 )

refused, and Mr. Meek, in spite of his illness (apparently a kind of dropsy), lett

for the coast on December 16, 1910, and joined the Island River Expedition.

In his book, on pages 219-21, Meek writes about this journey as follows :—

“The Island River is a very fine stream, which, on nearing the coast, splits

its great volume into branches, forming an extensive delta. It is possible to travel

up the river by steamer 150 miles inland. When we had got that far by steamer

we disembarked on to a hulk which had been moored there as a supply base for

the expedition. At this hulk we repacked our stores, and went up by steam launch

a further two days’ journey. Then from this ‘ Launch Camp’ we were carried by

canoes for four days up the stream. The rapid character of the stream at this

stage can be best judged from the fact that over a hundred rapids are encountered

during the four days’ journey, and that a distance which needs four days’ hard

travelling on the ascent can be covered within six hours in descending. The

officers of the Dutch expedition were very hospitable to me, especially a naval

officer, Captain van der Ven.

“At the ‘Canoe Camp,’ which marked the head of the navigable river, I

started up towards the mountains again, using my own boys as carriers, as it was

impossible to enlist any help from the natives around, who were very timid and

not at all friendly. We journeyed four days into the interior, every day marking

a great increase in elevation, for there were no foot-hills to be traversed. Finally

I fixed a camp at the height of 6500 ft., or thereabouts, and sent the greater

number of my boys back for more stores. Then I got the others to make a large

clearing in the bush. Partly the purpose of this was to serve to attract moths

at night ; partly it was to make a more comfortable camping place for ourselves.

The climate in this hill district is damp and miserable. When it is not raining

one is liable to be soaked through and through by the great bodies of mist which

come down from the mountain tops. The trees and shrubs drip constantly with

wet. Insect life is abundant. It would thus have been impossible to have camped

in any comfort without clearing away the forest and the undergrowth. I did

not know that the clearing would have been so strongly resented by the natives

of the district as it was; but had I known I should still have had to take the

tisk. Life there was particularly miserable. At night the cold was intense—a

damp, moist cold like that during the worst of a London fog. By day the weather

was, when not cold and damp, hamid. Never was there a clear, bright air. The

forest trees festooned with. mosses, which hung from the branches down to the

very ground; the soil covered with lichens, which gave a foothold such as a

soaking-wet sponge would—these gave always an impression of damp unwholesome-

ness. It was rare to be dry. The earth was wet, the trees wet, the atmosphere

dripping always. To add to our hardships, the food supply was necessarily poor,

It was impossible to obtain any provisions locally. All that we ate had to be

carried a four-days’ march from the Canoe Camp.

“On the other hand, the collecting was simply glorious. The very first bird L

shot was a new species of Bird of Paradise. I collected there also specimens of the

most beautiful Bird of Paradise that 1 know—the Astrupia splendidissima.”

Unfortunately some of Mr. Meek’s men contracted beri-beri, and the whole

party was getting rather miserable and into a low state of health. Meek ascribed

this to the want of any food except a small allowance of rice and tinned meat,

Eventually oue and later on two more of his natives died. Therefore he made no

attempt to reach still greater heights, broke up camp, and descended to the coast.

)

( 475 )

In his book he writes: ‘On a previous expedition I had been forced by an outbreak

of measles to go away from a fine collecting ground. I was now face to face again

with a notice to quit. I had either to give up the work at a spot which was so

promising of good results, or make my boys run the risk of death. The decision

could only be in the one direction. I decided to start down for the coast.”

Afterwards, deploring the fate of his men, Mr. Meek writes: “I had become very

tond of my boys after seeing them working by the side of the Malay coolies of the

Dutch ; and the Dutch people, too, very greatly admired my boys from British New

Guinea for their cheerfulness, endurance, and capacity for work. They reckoned

they would sooner have fifty of my chaps than a couple of hundred of their own

coolies.”

As Mr. Meek touched partly entirely new ground and countries where not

much collecting had been done, his birds were necessarily of the greatest importance

for our knowledge of the avifauna of New Guinea. We described in the following

pages and before, in the Bulletins of the British Ornithologists’ Club and the

Ornithologische Monatsberichte, not less than twenty-two new forms, while the

collections also contained six of the new forms described shortly before Meek’s

expedition by Dr, van Oort, and at least three of the fourteen new forms so far

named by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, in the Bulletins vol. xxvii., xxix. and xxxi. of the

British Ornithologists’ Club. Large collections are, however, in the hands of Dr. van

‘Oort, and we may shortly expect a valuable account of them in the Dutch work

Nova Guinea, by Dr. van Oort. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant will, we hope, soon publish a

full account of the collections made by the Goodfellow expedition and the more

successful one of Dr. Wollaston, who succeeded in reaching the jice-cap of Carstenz

Peak, in the Snow Mountains, so that our knowledge of the birds of these regions

will soon he fairly good, though still far from absolutely “ final.”

The following are described by us as new from Mr. Meek’s recent collections

from Southera Dutch New Guinea : Astur cirrhocephalus papuanus, Charmosynopsis

multistriata, Charmosyna stellae goliathina, Nasiterna keiensis viridipectus,

Aethomyias spilodera guttata, Poecilodryas albonotata griseiventris, P. leucops

nigro-orbitalis, Machaerirhynchus nigripectus saturatus, Sericornis meehki, Andro-

philus viridis, Eupetes castanonotus saturatus, Pristorhampus versteri meehi,

Philemon novaeguinene brevipennis, Melirrhophetes belfordi griseirostris, Melipotes

gymnops goliathi, Pachycephala tenebrosa, Pachycare flavogrisea subaurantia,

Faleinellus striatus atratus, Parotia carolae meeki, Paradigalla brevicauda,

Pitohui meeki.

Besides these, Mr. Meek collected such rare birds as Pteridophora alberti,

Loboparadisea sericea, Chaetura novaeguineue, of which only the type specimen

from the Fly River had been known, a second example of Medlopitta gigantea,

Malurus lorentzi, Clytomyia insignis oorti, and many other rare and particularly

interesting birds.

Zoogeographically the collection ig very interesting, the birds being, apart from

the peculiar forms, partly those of North-western New Guinea, and partly the same

which occur in the mountains of South-eastern New Guinea. Mount Goliath has

perhaps more representatives of the north-western fauna. The latter mountain and

the lower ranges of the Snow Mountains have not in all cases the same fauna, as the

list of the collections will show.

Besides the birds, Mr. Meek collected, as usual, a wonderful lot of lepidoptera,

among which are hundreds of new species, but hitherto only eighty-two Arctiidae,

some new species of the genus Delias, some Geometridae and Noctuidae have been

described.

Our thanks are due to Dr, Gestro of Genoa and Dr. van Oort of Leiden for

information about types and loan of specimens for comparison.

Neither the “ Hilanden-rivier ” (Islands River) nor Mount Goliath is found in

atlases. The first mention of the discovery of that mountain appears to be in

the Tijdschrift van het Koninglijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap,

xxvili. (1911), No. 1, pp. 124 and 321. The Goliath lies thus somewhat between

the Wilhelmina-top (4700 m.) and the Juliana-top (4500 m.) ; ef. map No. XXI. in

the above-named Dutch periodical, xxvii. (1910). A general good map of Dutch

New Guinea is also map XVII. in vol. xxv. (1908) of the same journal. The

Hilanden River is south of the Noord—or Lorentz—River, between the 5th and 6th

degree of southern latitude. For correct maps of the Hilanden River and Goliath

Mountain see recent volumes of the Tijdschr. K. Nederl. Aardr. Genootschap.

Y 1. Gasuarius casuarius sclaterii Salvad.

Casuarius sclaterii Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova xii. 1878. p. 422 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix.

Zool., livr. 1. p. 51.

The skull of an adult bird was sent from the Setekwa River.

’ 2. Casuarius claudii Ogilvie-Grant.

Bull, B. O. Club xxix. p. 25 (Swaka River, 4000—5000 ft.).

The head of an adult bird from the Snow Mountains, November 1, 1910.

’ 3. Talegallus cuvieri Less. (? subspecies).

Talegallus cuvieri Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., Atlas, pl. 38 (1826—Dorey).

3 ad. ; Snow Mountains, 5. viii. 1910. (No. 4581, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“ Feet orange yellow; bill brown and yellow.”

Two young in different stages, Snow Mountains. (Nos. 4737, 4745.)

This specimen agrees entirely with our examples from North-Western New

Guinea, except that it is larger.

’ 4. Talegallus fuscirostris Salvad.

Talegallus fuscirostris Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova ix. pp. 332. 334 (1877—S. New Guinea and

Aru Islands).

Talegallus cuvieri fuscirostris, Nov. Zool. 1901. p, 139 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 57.

32; Upper Setekwa River, 15. viii., 16. xi. 1910. (Nos. 4517, 5005, A. S. Meek

Coll.

: Iris dark brown ; bill vandyke brown (and black) ; feet chrome yellow (and

lemon yellow).”

These birds differ from 7. curieri in having blackish bills, and the feathers do

not reach to the tibio-tarsal joint, but leave over a centimetre bare. Our treatment

of T. cuvieri and fuscirostris as subspecies (Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 139) is perhaps not |

correct, in view of their occurrence close together and perhaps side by side.

( 477)

"5. Aepypodius arfakianus (Salvad.).

Talegallus arfakianus Salvadori, Ann, Mus. Civ. Genova ix. pp. 333. 334 (1877—Chicks from Arfak) ;

ef, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxii. p. 470 ; Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 140.

? (or d juv.) ; Snow Monntains, 2000 ft., 24.ix.1910. (No. 4726, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

“Tris grey ; bill: upper, brown ; lower, pale green ; throat pale blue ; feet sage-

green,”

v6. Megapodius duperreyi duperreyi Less. & Garn.

Megapodius Duperreyi Bull. Sc. Nat. viii. p. 113 (1826—Dorey) ; ef. Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 135.

? ad.; Lower Setekwa River, 24. xi.1910. (No. 5033, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown ; feet salmon-red ; bill brown.”

? ad.; Hilanden River, 8. xii. 1910. (No. 5050, A, S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown ; feet red and brown ; bill brown.”

These two specimens are rather short-winged, but the quills are not fully

grown.

Pullus, Upper Setekwa River, 13. viii. 1910.

¥ 7. Ptilinopus superbus (Temm.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 448 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 65.

Columba superba Temminck and Knip, Pigeons, p. 75. pl. 33 (1808-11—Tahiti: errore. We accept

as terra typica: N.W. New Guinea).

33; Upper Hilanden River, March 1911. (Nos. 5487, 5488, 5503, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 31. vill. 1910.

/ 8. Ptilinopus pulchellus (Temm.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 448 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 64.

Columba pulchelia Temminck, Pl. Col. 564 (1835—Lobo Bay, New Guinea).

23; Snow Monntains, 24, 30.ix.1910. (Nos. 4725, 4759, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

4 3? ; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4482, 4503, 4491,

4310, A. S. Meek Coll.)

32 ; Upper Eilanden River, 6. iii. 1911. (Nos. 5491, 5492, A. S. Meek Coll.)

? ad.; Hilanden River, 10, xii. 1910. (No. 3060, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

9. Ptilinopus coronulatus coronulatus Gray.

Ptilinopus coronulatus Gray, P. Z.S. 1858. pp. 158, 195, pl. 138 (Aru Islands) ; cf. Nov. Zool. 1901,

p. 102.

2% ad.; Lower Setekwa River, 19,21. xi. 1910. (Nos. 5013, 5026, A. S, Meek

Coll.)

3 ad. ; Hilanden River, 13. xii.1910. (No, 5068, A. S. Meek Coll.)

‘10. Ptilinopus rivolii bellus Scl.

Ptilonopus bellus Sclater, P. Z. S, 1873. pp. 696, 698, pl. 57 (Arfak Mountains).

43,12; Mt. Goliath, Jannary 1911. (Nos. 5219, 5242, 5258, 5376, 5377,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

43 22%; Snow Mountains, August 1910. (Nos. 4580, 4584, 4585, 4621, 4683,

4860, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

( 478 )

ii. Ptilinopus gestroi Salvadori & d’Alb.

Ptilonopus gestroi Salvadori and d’Albertis, Ann, Mus. Civ. Genova vii. p. 834 (1875—Yule Island) ;

ef, Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 105.

144,62; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5109, 5110,

5117, 5140, 5141, 5156, 5261, 5342, 5358, 5380, 5399, 5410, 5411, 5422, 5459, 5460,

5461, 5464, 5465, 5466, A. S. Meek Coll.) _

Some of these specimens are as highly coloured as P. gestroi hkaporensis

(Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 105), and we now believe that our supposed haporensis is only

a very highly cu 63 old male.

12. Ptilinopus perlatus zonurus Salvad.

Ptilopus zonurus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova ix. p. 197 (1876—Aru Islands) ; ef. Nov. Zool.

1901. p. 106 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 65.

% ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 12.x.1910. (No. 4825, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris yellow ; bill pale green; feet purple.”

» 13. Carpophaga rufigaster (Quoy & Gaim.). :

Columba rufigaster Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe p. 245 pl. 27 (1830—Terra typica : Dorey) ;

ef. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 113 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 67.

(Carpophaga rufiventris Salvadori).

3 ; Setekwa River, 19. xi.1910. (No, 5014, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

2 ; Snow Mountains, 4.x. 1910. (No. 4775, A. S. Meek Coll.)

6; Hilanden River, xii. 1910. (Nos. 5076, 5083, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

lad. ; Upper Hilanden River, 3. 11.1911. (No. 54738, A. S. Meek Coll.)

¥ 14. Carpophaga chalconota Salvad.

Carpophaga chalconota Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova vi. p. 87 (1874—Hatam, N.W. New

Guinea) ; ef. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 113.

3 362; Mt. Goliath, February 1911. (Nos. 5307, 5378, 5418, A. 8. Meek

Coll.)

15. Carpophaga miillerii millerii (Temm.).

Columba Miillerii Temminck, Pl. Col. 566 (1835—Dourga River, Southern New Guinea).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 115; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 66.

22; Lower Setekwa River, November 1910. (Nos. 5015, 5030, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

“Tris light brown; bill black ; feet pale purple.”

3; Hilanden River, 6. xii.1919. (No. 5048, A. S. Meek Coll.)

16. Carpophaga pinon pinon (Quoy & Gaim.).

Columba Pinon Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool. p. 118. pl. 28 (1824—Rawak) ; ef. Nov. Zool.

1901. p. 114; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 67. i :

3 36%; Setekwa River, November and August 1910. (Nos. 4506, 5031, 5040,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris bright red ; bill slaty blue; feet purplish red.”

17. Carpophaga zoeae (Less.).

Columba zoeae Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool. Atlas pl. 39 (1826—Dorey, Arfak) ; cf. Nov. Zool. 1901,

p. 112; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 66.

3 ; Lower Setekwa River, 26 xi. 1910. (No. 5041, A. S, Meek Coll.)

( 479 )

18. Megaloprepia magnifica puella (Less.).

Columba puella Lesson, Bull. Univ. Se. Nat. x. p. 400 (1827—Port Praslin and Dorey. Terra

typica solely Dorey ; cf. Salvadori, Orn. Pap. iii. p. 66 ; Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 110 ; van Oort, Nova

Guinea 1x. i. p. 66.

48,2 % ; Setekwa River, July and Augast 1910, (Nos, 4212, 4225, 4228,

4256, 4308, 4511, A. S. Meek Coll.)

lad. Upper Hilanden River, 3.iii.1911. (No. 5475, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris yellow ; bill greenish yellow.”

The specimen from the Hilanden River has rather larger yellow wing-spots:

than the majority of examples from Arfak, and also those from the Setekwa River’

have an inclination for larger spots. They agree, however, with pwedla in the

bright yellow belly (which is greenish yellow in poléwra) and in the blackish

rectrices. In the Hilanden River bird the central rectrices are glossed with blue,

» 19. Columba (Gymnophaps) albertisii (Salvad.).

Gymnophaps albertisii Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova vi. p. 86 (1874—Andai, N.W. New

Guinea) ; Nov, Zool. 1901. p. 117, 1907. p. 449; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 64,

3 62%; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January and February 1911.

(Nos. 5131, 5151, 5423, A. S. Meek Coll.)

20. Columba albigularis (Bp.).

Janthoenas albigularis Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 1105 (1854—Gilolo) ; Nov. Zool. 1901,

p. 118.

3 ad. Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 26.x.1910. (No. 4904, A. S. Meek Coll.)

21, Macropygia amboinensis cinereiceps Tristr.

Macropygia cinereiceps Tristram, Ibis 1889. p. 558 (D'Eatrecasteaux Islands) ; cf. Nov. Zool. iii.

p. 249, viii. p. 125 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 63.

2 ad. ; Upper Setekwa River, August 1910. (Nos. 4473, 4493, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

3 ad, 1 juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000—3000 ft., August and October 1910,

(Nos. 4631, 4809, 4851, 4898, A. S. Meek Coll.)

2 ad., 1 juv.; Mt. Goliath, February and January 1911. (Nos. 5240, 5324, 5393,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

This form is very closely allied to MM. amboinensis doreya (see Nov. Zool. viii.

p. 122), and differs only from the latter in the lesser amount of blackish barring

on the chest, which is often indistinct and even quite absent, but some specimens

are not easily separable, while a series shows the distinctness very clearly.

22. Macropygia nigrirostris Salvad.

Macropygia nigrirostris Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova vii. p. 972 (1875—Arfak and Warbusi) ;

ef. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 126.

2 9 ad., juv. ; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 2500 ft., August 1910, (Nos. 4589,

4590, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

1 3 ad. ; Mt. Goliath, 29.i.1911. (No. 5239, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Iris dull yellow, feet chinese red, bill black,” in the adult birds.

( 480 )

~ 23. Reinwardtoenas reinwardtsi griseotincta Hart.

R. reinwardtsi griseotincta Hartert, Nov. Zool. iii. p. 18 (1896—Papua ; type Mailu district, British

New Guinea) ; cf, van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. 1. p. 64.

4 ad.; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., August to October 1910. (Nos. 4592, 4583,

4755, 4839, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

1 ¢ ad., 2 juv.; Upper Setekwa River, rane and August 1910. (Nos. 4275,

4341, 4516, ie S. Meek Coll.)

Adult: “Iris red; feet purplish red; bill brown, purplish red at base.”

Young : “ Iris brown; bill vandyke brown ; feet black and reddish brown.”

The young is dirty brown above and below.

¥ 24. Chalcophaps stephani Pucher. & Jacq.

Chalcophaps stephani Pucheran and Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 119 (1853—West coast

of New Guinea) ; Nov. Zool, 1901. p. 129.

1 ad., 1 juv.; Lower Setekwa River, November 1910. (Nos. 5017, 5082,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

1 6 ad. ; Hilanden River, 12. xii. 1910. (No. 5067, A. S. Meek Coll.)

25. Henicophaps albifrons Gray.

Henicophaps albifrons Gray, P.Z.S. 1861. pp. 432, 437, pl. 44 (Waigiu*); ef. Nov. Zool. 1901.

p- 130 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i, p. 62.

3? ; Lower Setekwa River, 26. xi. 1910. (Nos. 5039, 5046, A. S. Meek Coll.)

2; Upper Setekwa River, 5. vii, 15. ix. 1910. (Nos. 4279, 4544, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

? ad. ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 28.ix.1910. (No. 4747, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

3 ad. ; Hilanden River, 11. xii. 1910. (No. 5062, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 jav. Mt. Goliath, 3.ii.1911. (No. 5286, A. S. Meek Coll.)

’ 26. Trugon terrestris leucoporeia (A. B. Meyer).

Eutrugon leucoporeia A. B. Meyer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 29 (Astrolabe Mountains) ; Nov. Zool.

1901. p. 132.

? ; Lower Setekwa River, 27. xi. 1910. (No. 5044, A. S. Meek Coll.)

1 3,2 ? ; Upper Setekwa River, July and November 1910. (Nos. 4447, 4549,

4978, A. S. Meek Coll.)

? ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 30.ix.1910. (No. 4761,-A. 8. Meek Coll.)

/ 97, Phlegoenas beccarii (Salvad.).

Chalcophaps beccarii Salvadori, Ann, Mus. Civ. Genova vii. p. 974 (1875—Hatam) ; ef, remark in

Nov. Zool. 1901. p, 131.

1 juv. ; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., 11. viii. 1910. (No, 4594, A. S. Meek Coll.)

* Inthe Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 525 a specimen from ‘New Guinea” is said to be the type,

but it is evidently labelled erroneously, because in the original description Waigiu is given as the

terra typica.

( 481 )

“28. Phlegoenas rufigula Bp.

Phlegoenas vufigula Bonaparte, Consp. Ar. ii, p. 89 (1854—‘‘ Nova Guinaea’’).

[It seems to be impossible to find out when the text of Reichenbach’s ‘ Tauben” appeared,

because the author quotes Bonaparte’s Consp. Av, ii,, which is supposed to have appeared

in 1854, and Bonaparte quotes Reichenbach, which is supposed to have appeared in 1862.

The plate of Reichenbach without mame is said to have appeared in 1851.

Reichenbach correctly described P. crinigera and rufigula, but the numbers of the figures

on plate 259 were erroneously reversed. |

Cf. van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 62.

1 ad., 1 juv. ; Upper Setekwa River, August and November 1910. (Nos. 4523,

4550, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 ad. ; Lower Setekwa River, 24. xi.1910. (No. 5034, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 fere ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 7.x.1910. (No. 4787, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

“ Tris dark brown; feet dark purplish red ; bill brownish horn-colour” in the

adult birds,

Onur two adult birds show no sign of the grey band on the sides of the crown

and occiput, while the younger birds show it very distinctly. This goes to prove,

in our opinion, that “ heleiventris” Rosenb. is at least a very doubtful form, though

the identity of the two forms can only be proved by finding specimens with the

grey band on the Aru Islands.

/ 29. Otidiphaps nobilis Gould.

/ Otidiphaps nobilis Gould, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) v. p. 62 (1870—New Guinea). Type in the

British Museum) ; cf, Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 132 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix. i. p. 62.

2 3 ; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4239, 4290.)

1 3 ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 30. ix.1910. (No. 4760.)

“Tris bright red ; feet yellow, black and purple ; bill red.”

/ 30. Gymnocrex plumbeiventris (Gray).

Rallus plumbeiventris Gray, P, Z. S, 1861. pp. 432, 438 (“Mysol.” In the original description

“Mysol” is expressly stated as the locality of the type, while in the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii.

“Morotai” is given as its locality !)

3 not quite adult ; Setekwa River, 22.vi.1910. (No, 4216, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris light brown; bill dark brown ; feet brick-red.”

The head of this specimen is rather darker and browner, and in contrast with

the dark chestnut hindneck, but this is apparently due to immaturity.

31. Dendrocycna guttulata Wall.

Dendrocygna gutulata Wallace, P.Z.S. 1863, p. 36 (Buru, Ceram, Celebes).

Dendrocygna guttata van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix. i, p. 59.

9 ad. ; Hilanden River, 17. xii. 1910. (No. 5077, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris chocolate ; feet black, legs brown ; bill dark brown.”

32. Dupetor flavicollis gouldi (Bp.).

See Nov. Zool. 1908. p. 354; van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix. i. p. 54.

3 juny. ; Bilanden River, 19. xii. 1910. (No. 5078, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris light yellow ; bill dark brown ; under-mandible light brown ; feet light

brown.”

( 482 )

- 33. Erolia maculata acuminata (Horsf.).

Totanus acuminatus Horsfield, Trans, Linn. Soc. Lond. xiii. p. 192 (1821—Java),

? ; Upper Setekwa River, 9. xi. 1910. (No. 4962, A. S. Meek Coll.)

¥ 34. Tringa hypoleuca L.

Tringa Hypoleucus Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. i. p. 149 (1758—Europe. Restricted terra typica ;

Sweden),

35,1 %; Upper Setekwa River, November 1910. (No. 4961, 4966, 4967,

4985, A. S. Meek Coll.)

1 3; Hilanden River, 8. xii. 1910. (No. 5049, A. S. Meek Coll.)

» 35. Charadrius dubius Scop.

Charadrius dubius Seopoli, Del. Faun, et Flor. Insubr., ii. p. 93 (1786—Luzon).

2d ad.; Upper Setekwa River, August and September 1910. (Nos. 4471,

4534, A. S. Meek Coll.)

, 36. Astur melanochlamys schistacinus subsp. noy.

Differs from A. melanochlamys melanochlamys from N.W. New Guinea (Arfak)

by the black of the upperside, including wings and tail, haying a decided greyish

wash or bloom, so that, instead of being glossy black, the upper surface is slaty

black, and the collar, and especially the underside, is distinctly paler, more

cinnamon-chestnut than rufous-chestnat.

Wing: 3 213, 2 250; tail: ¢ 168, ? 207 mm.

“Tris reddish yellow; bill black ; feet bright yellow.”

Type: $ ad., Mt. Goliath, 2.i1.1911. (No. 5278, A. S. Meek Coll.)

Besides this specimen we have a female from Owgarra, Angabunga River,

collected by A. S. Meek, 13, xi.1904. This specimen was not mentioned in our

paper on the birds from the Angabunga River.

37. Astur cirrhocephalus papuanus subsp. nov.

Differs from A. cirrhocephalus cirrhocephalus from Australia in being clearer,

dark bluish slate (instead of paler greyish, washed with brown) on the upper-

side, and brighter rnfescent with generally much less distinct whitish bars on

the under surface. The bars, and more or less the whole underside in the males,

have a distinct plum-like bloom, the transverse bars being more lavender than

white. The feathering of the thighs and tibiae is bright rufous, with bare

indications of bars.

3: “Tris orange yellow ; bill black ; cere slaty-blue ; feet orange-yellow.”

?: “Tris bright lemon-yellow ; bill black ; cere pale blue; feet saffron-yellow.”

Type: ? ad.; Snow Mountains, 23. x.1910, (No, 4883, A. S. Meek Coll.)

Besides the type we have the following specimens of this new form :

3 ad.; Avera, Aroa River, 31.i1.1903. (No. a 168, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3; Milne Bay, 14.ii.1899. (No. 2307, A. S. Meek Coll.)

? ; Sattelberg, December. (C. Wahnes Coll.)

3; Mt. Victoria, British New Guinea, 1895. :

In the two males from Avera and Milne Bay the rufous nuchal collar is

complete and somewhat bright chestnut, while in the other three specimens

it is incomplete and variable.

oe ay

( 488 )

’ 38. Baza subcristata reinwardtii (Mill. & Schleg.).

Falco (Lophotes) Reinwardtii Miller & Schlegel, Verh. Nederl. Overz. Bezitt. Zool., Aves, p. 35. pl. 5-

fig. 2 (1839-44—“ Celebes, Borneo,” Errore. Patria substituta : Amboina !)

Baza subcristata megala > reinwardtii, megala < reinwardtii Stresemann, Nov. Zool. xx. p. 307.

Baza reinwardtii stenozona van Oort, Nova Cruinea, ix. Zool. i. p, 56.

23, 22% ad.; Upper Setekwa River, Jaly, September, November 1910.

(Nos. 4377, 4378, 4531, 4982, A. S. Meek Coll.)

We do not find the alleged differences of B. 7. stenozona constant, and cannot

separate the latter from B. s. reinwardtii. We consider the birds from New

Guinea to be inseparable from those from the Southern Moluccas. It is trne

that they point somewhat to the large Fergusson-form, but on the whole they

agree with reinwardtii. The wings of the present specimens measure 294, 299,

303, 307 mm. It is desirable to compare more specimens from Fergusson, in

order to confirm the apparently very distinct form B. s. megala.

139. Henicopernis longicauda (Garn.).

Falco longicaudus Garn,, Voy. Coqu., Zool. i. p. 588. pl. 10 (1828—Dorey).

? ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 14. x. 1910.

“Tris bright lemon-yellow ; feet chalky-white ; bill flesh-colour.”

v 40. Chalcopsittacus scintillatus chloropterus Salvad.

Chaleopsittacus chloropterus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova ix, p. 15 (1876—Hall Bay, British

New Guinea); cf. Salvadori, Orn. Pap. i. p. 276; Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 65; van Oort,

Nova Guinea ix., Zool, i., p. 73.

? ; Upper Hilanden River, 4.iii.1911. (No. 5477, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris reddish brown ; bill and feet black.”

Dr. van Oort (Nova Guinea ix., Zool. livr. i. p. 73) makes some interesting

remarks, from which it appears that C. s. scintillatus and chloropterus occur in

the same locality. Further researches are desirable to definitely establish the

status of these two forms.

/ 41. Chalcopsittacus scintillatus scintillatus (Temm.).

_ Psittacus scintillatus Temminck, Pl. Col. 569 (1835—Lobo Bay) ; cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 64.

4 3 ad. and jun. ; Setekwa River, June 1910. (Nos. 4222, 4228, 4224, 4232,

A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

3 juv. ; Upper Setekwa River, 7. vii.1910. (No. 4305, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

42. Kos fuscata Blyth.

Eos fuscatus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal xxvii. p. 279 (1858—Habitat unknown) ; cf, Nov. Zool.

1901. p. 65.

3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 12. xi. 1910. (No, 4979.) (Red “ phase.”)

3 3,2 2 ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., October, November 1910. (Nos. 4866,

4916, 4954, 4955, 4956, A. S. Meek Coll.) (All of the red “ phase.”)

73,2 %: Mt. Goliath, Jannary and February 1911, (Nos. 5205, 9240,

5287, 5288, 5289, 5311, 5348, 5312, 5458, A. S. Meek Coll.) (Six red “ phase,”

one intermediate, two yellow “ phase.”)

( 484 )

v 43. Lorius lory erythrothorax Salvad.

Lorius erythrothorax Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova x. p. 32 (1877—Mount Epa in §.E. New

Guinea); ef, Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 66; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 74.

2g ad.,1 fd juv., 1 ? ; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4241, 4250,

4251, 4295, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 3,12 ; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., July, August, October 1910. (Nos. 4555,

4651, 4642, 4833, A. S. Meek Coll.)

44, Trichoglossus haematodus cyanogrammus Wag].

Trichoglossus cyanogrammus Wagler, Mon. Psittac. p. 554 (1835—Habitat in Amboina. Locality

taken from Brisson, Av. iv. p. 364); ef. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 69; van Oort, Nova Guinea

Xe Doe paides

3 2; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4436, 4472, A. 8.

Meek Coll.)

23, 2 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., September and October 1910. (Nos.

4756, 4764, 4765, 4827, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

» 45. Glossopsittacus goldiei (Sharpe).

Trichoglossus goldiei Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvi. pp. 318, 426 (1882—Astrolabe Mountains);

ef. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 71.

26,3 9; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January and February 191].

(Nos. 5111, 5218, 5274, 5226, 5391, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

* 46. Charmosynopis multistriata Rothsch.

Charmosynopsis multistriata Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club xxvii. p. 45 (1911—‘ Oetakwa River ”).

3 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 2. vii. 1910. (No. 4252, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 12. x. 1910. (No. 4821, A, S. Meek Coll.)

/ 47. Charmosynopis pulchella (Gray).

Charmosyna pulchella Gray, List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 102 (1859—Dorey) ; cf. Nov. Zool. 1901.

p. 72.

3 2 jun.; Upper Setekwa River 2. vii 1910, (Nos. 4248, 4249, A. S. Meek

Coll.

, 3 ad., 2 2 ad.,1 3 jun.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., July 1910. (Nos. 4664,

4667, 4668, 4671, 4676, A. S. Meek Coll.)

4d ad.,3 2? ad.,1 3 juv., 2 ? juv.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911.

(Nos. 5144, 5207, 5228, 5339, 5888, 5308, 5429, 5408, 5437, 5429, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

’ 48. Charmosyna josephinae (Finsch).

Trichoglossus Josephinae Finsch, Atti Soc. Ital. Se. Nat. xv. p. 427. pl. 7 (1873—Arfak).

Charmosyna josephinae van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i. p. 75.

3 juv.; Upper Setekwa River 1. vii. 1910. (No, 4237, A. S. Meek Coll.)

1 dad.,3 2 ad., 3 d jun.; Snow Mountains, 2090 ft., July and October 1910.

(Nos. 4654, 4661, 4662, 4622, 4788, 4789, 4910, A. S. Meek Coll.)

Ad.: “Tris yellowish red; bill red; feet orange yellow.”

( 485 )

* 49. Charmosyna stellae goliathina Rothsch. & Hart.

Charmosyna stellae goliathina Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1911. p. 16 (Mt. Goliath).

43,5 %; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911, (Nos. 4204, 5146, 5211,

5266, 5279, 5284, 53884, 5392, 5426, A. S. Meek Coll.)

2 3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 20. viii. 1910. (Nos. 4653, 4659, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

“Tris salmon-red ; bill red ; feet orange-yellow.”

Differs from C. stedlae stellae in both sexes by having the longer upper tail-

coverts dull green instead of red.

v 50. Charmosyna atrata Rothsch.

Charmosyna atrata Rothschild, Bull. B. O. Club vii. p. liv (1898—Mt. Seratchley, British New

Guinea).

3; Mt. Goliath, 5000 ft., 14. 1.1911. (No. 5121, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 juv.; Mt. Goliath 28. 1.1911. (No. 5223, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris salmon-red ; bill red ; feet orange-yellow.”

Both these specimens show more green on the upper tail-coverts than the

three specimens from the mountains of British New Guinea, but the second one is

quite young.

v 51. Neopsittacus muschenbroeki (Schleg.).

Nanodes muschenbroeki Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 34 (1871—Hatam, Arfak).

636%; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5137, 5162, 5202,

52038, 5882, 5395, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

2. Opopsitta (Cylopsittacus auct.) blythi godmani (Og.-Grant).

Cyclopsittacus godmani Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. BO. Club, xxvii. p. 67 (March 1911—Upper

Mimika River).

Cyclopsitta blythi meeli Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 160 (September 1911—

Hilanden River).

36,4 2%; Hilanden River, December 1910. (Nos. 5047, 5056, 5057, 5058,

5059, 5064, 5065, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The feathers of the cheeks and sides of head are a little more stiff and narrow

than in adult O, d/ythi, but not quite as much developed as in edwards?.

53. Solenoglossus aterrimus (Gm.). .

(Microglossus aterrimus auct.).

Psittacus aterrimus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. 1. p. 330 (1788—* Habitat in Nova Hollandia”),

Microglossus aterrimus, Nov, Zool. 1901. p. 77,

2? ; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., 12. viii. 1910, (No. 4602, A. S. Meek Coll.)

There appear to be at least three subspecies of this Parrot, viz.—a very large

form from the mainland of New Guinea, an intermediate and blacker race from Cape

York, and a smaller one from the Western Papuan Islands. The nomenclature of

these forms, however, is very complicated, but as we restricted the name of alecto to

the small island-race (ov. Zool. 1901 p. 77), Mr. Mathews’ attempt to fix the type

locality of the name aterrimus as Waigiu (Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 262) is invalid. Our

bird from the Snow Mountains has the wings 352 mm. long, 7.e. only 2 mm.

longer than the smallest recorded ¢ of the big continental race.

( 486 )

54. Dasyptilus pesquetii (Less.).

Psittacus Pesquetii Lesson, Bull, Sciences Nat. xxv. p, 24 (June 1831).

?; Upper Setekwa River, 4. vii. 1910. (No, 4276, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

’ 55. Cacatua triton triton (Temm.).

Psittacus triton Temminck, Coup d'eil gén. 8.1. poss, Néerland. Inde archip. iii. p. 405 (1849—I of

Aidouma). Teste Salvadori, Orn. Pap. i. p. 94.

Cacatua triton triton, Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 78.

3; Upper Setekwa River, 16. xi. 1910. (No. 5003, A. S. Meek Coll.)

Dr. van Oort (Nova Guinea ix., Zool. livr. i. p. 70) calls this bird Cacatua

galerita triton, which is probably more correct, but we cannot at this moment review

this group of Cockatoos.

’ 56. Nasiterna keiensis viridipectus Rothsch.

Nasiterna pygmaea viridipectus Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club xxvii. p. 45 (1911—Upper Setekwa

River).

32%; Upper Setekwa River, 1. viii. 1910, (Nos, 4459, 4460, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown; feet ashy blue ; bill slaty blue.”

3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 14.x. 1910. (No. 4842, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

3; Upper Bilanden River, 7. iii.1911. (No, 5501, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

This bird was described as a subspecies of .V. pygmaea, and unfortunately the

close relationship to NW. keiensis was overlooked, owing to its close resemblance

to the females of WV. pygmaea. However, it is not absolutely identical with

NV. heiensis heiensis, as Mr. Ogilvie-Grant makes it out (in A. F. R. Wollaston’s

Pygmies and Papuas, p. 287), but it differs from the latter by its smaller bill and

slightly shorter wings. Wings of three males 62, and of a ¢ considerably under

60 mm,, as opposed to 63—65 in the males and 61 to 62 in females of NV. heiensis

heiensis.

57. Nasiterna bruijni Salvad.

Nasiterna bruijni Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova vii. pp. 715, 753, 907, pl. 21 (1875—Arfak

Mountains) ; cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 79.

2g ad.,1 ¢ jun, 3 2 ad.; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January and

February 1911. (Nos. 5097, 5197, 5253, 5351, 5381, 5432, A. S, Meek Coll.)

‘Tris dark brown, feet and bill ashy blue.”

. 58. Geoffroyus personatus aruensis ((xray).

Psittacus aruensis Gray, P. ZS, 1858. pp. 183, 195 (Aru Islands).

Geoffroyus personatus aruensis, Nov. Zool, 1901. p. 84; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 72.

3 5,1 2%; Upper Setekwa River, July and November was (Nos. 4364, 4973,

4974, 5004, A. S. Meek Coll.)

¥ 59. Geoffroyus simplex (Meyer).

Pionias simplex A. B. Meyer, Verh, zool. bot. Ges. Wien. lxx. p. 39 (1874—Arfak Mountains),

3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 20. viii. 1910. (No. 4638, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris cream; bill entirely black; feet greenish steel-grey.”

( 487 )

This specimen agrees very well with Gould’s figure, though the bluish collar

is slightly more lavender. Neither the figure nor our specimen, however, agrees

entirely with the original description, and they specially show no black on the

rump or brown on the back, though the figure was taken from the type.

’ 60. Eclectus pectoralis pectoralis (P. L. S. Miill.).

Psittacus pectoralis P. L. 8. Miiller, Nutursystem, Suppl. p. 78 (1776—Ex Buffon—rectius Mont-

beillard—New Guinea, and Moluccas).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 81; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i, p. 71.

2; Lower Setekwa River, 22.xi.1910. (No, 5028, A. S. Meek Coll.)

32; Upper Setekwa River, 13.ix.1910. (Nos. 4535, 4536, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 27. ix. 1910. (No. 4741, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

¥ 61. Aprosmictus callopterus wilhelminae Ogilvie-Grant.

Aprosmictus wilhelminae Ogilvie-Grant, Bull, B.O. Club xxvii, p, 83 (1911—Kaparé, tributary of

the Mimika River).

3d ad., 4 d juv. and ?; Snow Mountains, July—November 1910. (Nos.

4551, 4579, 4586, 4630, 4779, 4886, 4934, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“ Tris orange-yellow ; feet smoky black ; bill black.”

Tn this series the pink tips to the middle rectrices are only to be found in the

females and immature males, while there is no sign of them in the adult males and

in one of the females.

The specimen from the Resi Mountains mentioned by Dr. van Oort (Nova

Guinea ix, Zool. livr. i. p. 72) as probably belonging to A. callopterus belongs

most likely to this form.

, 62. Psittacella brehmii brehmii (Schleg.).

Paittacus brehmii Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk, iv. p. 35 (1871—Arfak Mountains).

5 3,4 2; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5163, 5230, 5249,

5296, 5301, 5302, 5368, 5386, 5427, A. S. Meek Coll.)

In these specimens the head is darker and the pale dorsal bars more yellowish

than in the majority of our Arfak specimens, but as the latter are mostly old native-

collected material it would be unwise to attach too much importance to this

difference. The Mt. Goliath birds are certainly very different from P. 6. pallida.

63. Psittacella modesta (Schleg.).

Psittacus modestus Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 36 (1871—Arfak Mountains).

Of this species, hitherto only known from the Arfak Mountains, we have now

received the following specimens :

26,3 % ad.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5236, 5237

5303, 5347,5417, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“ Iris in both sexes yellowish red ; bill and feet pale slaty blue.”

In the males the hindneck has the feathers dull orange-yellow edged with

brown, while in . madaraszi the orange-yellow is lighter, more conspicuous, and

more spot-like. One of our females has some red feathers in the crown.

( 488 )

» 64. Loriculus aurantiifrons batavorum Stres.

Loriculus aurantiifrons batavorum Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn. October 1913 (New Guinea. Type

3 Snow Mts.). ;

?; Upper Setekwa River, 16. xi.1910. (No. 5006, A. S. Meek Coll.)

$2; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., 28. vili., 19.x.1910. (Nos. 4655, 4855,

A. S. Meek Coll.) /

* 65, Alcyone azurea lessonii Cass.

Aleyone Lessonii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Philad. v. p. 69 (1850—Ex Lesson, New Guinea) ; cf. Nov.

Zool. 1901. p. 143. :

3 juv.; Upper Setekwa River, 5. vii.1910. (No. 4286, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; bill black with white tip; feet flesh-colour.”

This young bird is in plumage like the adult ones, only duller and paler,

. 66. Ceyx solitaria Temm.

Ceya solituria Temminck, Pl. Col. 595, Fig. 2 (1836—New Guinea): van Oort, Nova Guinea

ix. i. p. 77.

23,2 2 ad, 1 2 juv.; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4281, 4384,

4393, 4404, 4422, A. 8S. Meek Coll.) »

?; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., 31. vii. 1910. (No. 4556, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

3; Upper Hilanden River, 9.iii. 1911. (No. 5510, A. S. Meek Coll.)

* 67. (?) Syma torotoro meeki Rothsch. & Hartert.

Syma torotoro meeki Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. viii. p. 147 (1901—British New Guinea,

Terra typica ; Milne Bay).

3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 17. vii. 1910. (No. 4383, A. S. Meek Coll.)

2 3; Snow Mountains, September 1910. (Nos. 4738, 4918, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The upperside of S. torotoro meehi is often quite as dark as in S. torotoro torotoro,

but the dimensions are always much smaller, and the underside, as a rule, lighter.

Altogether these specimens are somewhat intermediate between S. ¢. tentelare

from the Aru Islands and S. ¢. meek’, but we think they are nearer to the latter.

The wings vary, measuring 73—78 mm. Dr. van Oort mentions a female from

Sabang, which he unites with tentelare (Nova Guinea ix. Zool. part 1. p. 77, 1909).

Unfortunately we have not received any females.

/ 68. Melidora macrorhina macrorhina (Less.).

Dacelo macrorhina Lesson, Voy. Coqu., Zool. Atlas pl. 31 bis, Fig. 2. Fig. a (1826—Dorey, New

Guinea) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 78.

23,1 2%; Upper Setekwa River, Jane—Angust 1910. (Nos. 4206, 4424, 4513,

A. S. Meek Coll.)

2 8; Snow Mountains, September 1910. (Nos. 4711, 4749, A. S. Meek Coll.)

/ 69. Clytoceyx rex imperator Oort.

Clytoceyx rex imperator van Oort, Nova Guinea, Zool. ix. p. 79 (1909--Terra typica : Alkmaar).

9 ad. ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 3.xi. 1910. (No. 4947, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

“ Tris light brown ; bill light brown ; feet: chalky-white and flesh-colour.”

3 juv.; Mt. Goliath, 3.ii.1911. (No. 5281, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

( 489 )

The type, a male collected by Dr. Lorentz, has a wing of 180 mm., as opposed

to 165 of the type of C. rex rex. Our female has a wing-measurement of 176 mm.,

but the young male only shows a wing-measurement of 170; the plumage of the

body is very much worn.

‘ 70. Sauromarptis gaudichaud (Quoy & Gaim.).

Dacelo Gaudichaud Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool. p. 112. pl. 25 (1824—Papuaria) ; cf. Nov.

Zool. 1901. p. 151 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 79.

? ad.; Lower Setekwa River, 17. vi. 1910. (No. 4181, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

3? ad., 2 juv.; Setekwa River, 18,19. vi.1910. (Nos. 4191, 4196, 4199, A. S.

Meek Coll.)

?; Upper Setekwa River, 12. vii. 1910. (No, 4346, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

?; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., 5. viii. 1910. (No. 4578, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

* 71, Halcyon sancta (Vig. & Horsf.).

Halcyon sanctus Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xv. p. 206 (1826—Australia).

? jun.; Upper Setekwa River, 15. vii.1910. (No. 4367, A. S. Meek Coll.)

* 72. Chrysococcyx meyeri Salvad.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1907, p. 437.

1 g,2 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., September 1910. (Nos. 4720, 4721, 4743,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris chocolate; bill black ; feet slaty blue.”

’ 73. Cacomantis assimilis assimilis (Gray).

Of. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 434 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i. p. 68.

? juv.; Lower Setekwa River, 25. xi.1910. (No. 5036, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 juv.; Hilanden River, 14. xii. 1910. (No. 5069, A. S. Meek Coll.)

v 74. Cacomantis castaneiventris Gould.

Cf. Nov. Zool..1907. p. 435.

3 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 1. vii.1919. (No. 4244, A. S. Meek Coll.)

dg ad.; Mt. Goliath. 15.i.1910. (No. 5398, A. S. Meek Coll.)

75. Cacomantis variolosus (Horsf.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 437.

3 juv.; Setekwa River, 19. vi. 1910. (No. 4195, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

; 76. Cuculus optatus Gould.

Cuculus optatus Gould, Proc, Zool. Soc, Lond, Part xiii. 1845. p. 18 (1845—Port Essington in

Australia) ; ef, Hartert, Vig. pal. Pauna ii. pp. 949, 950.

“ Cuculus saturatus Blyth,” Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 433.

juv. ; Lower Setekwa River, 21. xi. 1910. (No. 5023, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

3 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 26.ix.1910. (No, 4946, A. 5. Meek Coll.)

( 490 )

‘ 77. Calliechthrus leucolophus (Miill.).

C£. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 439 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p, 68.

3; Lower Setekwa River, 27.xi.1910. (No. 5042, A. S. Meek Coll.)

?; Mt. Goliath, 21.ix.1911. (No. 5232, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“78. Centropus bernsteini Schleg.

C£. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 443.

2 ad. ; Upper Setekwa River, 8. viii. 1910. (No. 4485, A. S. Meek Coll.)

? juv. ; Hilanden River, 9. xii. 1910. (No. 5058, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“79. Centropus menbeki menbeki Less. & Garn.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 441 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i. p. 69.

3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 16.ix.1910. (No. 4547, A. S. Meek Coll.)

36; Hilanden River, 20. xii. 1910. (No. 5082, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

80. Eurystomus crassirostris crassirostris Scl.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 197.

@ juv.; Setekwa River, 19. vi. 1910. (No. 4194, A. S. Meek Coll.)

23,29 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 8.15. xi.1910. (Nos. 4957, 4997, 4998,

4999, A. S. Meek Coll.)

* 81. Podargus papuensis Quoy & Gaim.

C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 198; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 81.

2; Upper Setekwa River, 16. vii.1910. (No. 4376, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown-red ; bill horn-colour; feet pale dirty green.”

; » 82. Podargus ocellatus ocellatus Quoy & Gaim.

CE, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 199; van Oort, Nova Giinea ix. 1. p. 82.

3 ad.; Upper Hilanden River, 3. iii 1911. (No. 5474, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

/ 83. Aegotheles salvadorii Hart.

CE. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 200.

3 ad. ; Mt. Goliath, 13. ii.1911. (No. 5374, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; bill brown ; feet flesh-colour.”

' 84, Aegotheles wallacei.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p, 201.

3 ad.; Hilanden River, 19. xii. 1910. (No. 5079, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris light brown; bill dark brown ; feet flesh-colour.”

This bird agrees very well with our ¢ from the Aru Islands. It appears to be

very rare, and is only known from the Berau Peninsula and the Aru Islands, but.

recently Shortridge obtained one on the Wataikwa River at the foot of the Snow

Mountains, which, with ours, makes seven recorded specimens.

( 491 )

85. Caprimulgus macrurus macrurus Horsf.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 202 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 81.

35,12; Upper Setekwa River, July—September 1910. (Nos. 4394, 4499,

4515, 4542, A. S. Meek Coll.)

’ 86. Collocalia whiteheadi Grant.

Collocalia whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1895, p. 459 (Palawan, Luzon).

? ad. ; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., 27.71.1911. (No. 5208, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

“ Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”

/ 87. Collocalia fuciphaga fuciphaga (Thunb.).

Cf. Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 202: van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 82.

?; Lower Setekwa River, 19. xi.1910. (No. 5010, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 5,12; Upper Setekwa River, July—September 1910. (Nos. 4325, 4438,

4470, 4533, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3; Snow Mts., 2000 ft., 25. viii. 1910. (No. 4627, A. S. Meek Coll.)

Mr. Oberholser has recently separated a number of new local forms of

C. fuciphaga, but without his material for comparison we cannot give an opinion

on the validity of these forms.

v 88. Chaetura caudacuta caudacuta (Lath.).

Hirundo caudacuta Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. 57 (1801—Australia).

?; Upper Setekwa River, 8.xi.1910. (No. 4548, A. S. Meek Coll.)

2g, 12; Snow Monntains, 3000-5000 ft. November 1910. (Nos. 4930

4931, 4932, A. S. Meek Coll.)

¥ 89. Chaetura novaeguineae D’Alb. & Salvadori.

Chaetura novaeguineae D’Albertis and Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiv. p. 55 (1879—F ly River).

5 go, 2%; Upper Setekwa River, August and November 1910. (Nos. 4366,

4440, 4478, 4479, 4969, 4984, A. S. Meek Coll.)

This species was hitherto only known from a single specimen. After Mr.

Meek’s rediscovery of this species it was also found, by members of the B. O. U.

Expedition to New Guinea, on the Mimika River.

90. Macropteryx mystacea mystacea (Less.).

Cypselus mystaceus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., Atlas, pl. 22 (1826—New Guinea) ; van Oort, Nova

Guinea ix. i, p, 82.

2; Setekwa River, 28. vi.1910. (No. 4221, A. S. Meek Coll.)

9; Lower Setekwa River, 26. xi.1910, (No, 5037, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

“91. Mellopitta gigantea Rothsch.

Orn, Monatsber, 1899. p. 137 (‘‘Mt. Maori,” west of Humboldt Bay, north coast of New

Guinea).

The type specimen had the ramp and upper tail-coverts as well as the greater

part of the abdomen, flanks and thighs rafous brown; the facts that the brown

( 492 )

of the abdomen did not seem to be sharply and quite regularly limited, and that a

few black feathers appeared in the brown area, suggested that the bird was

immature, though it had the appearance of an adult individual.

Mr. Meek obtained a male (No. 4907) at an elevation of about 3000 ft. in

the Snow Mountains, on October 27, 1910, which is pure black all over. The beak

is a little, but not much smaller (23 against 26—not 27—in the type); wing 129,

tarsus 58 mm. :

‘Tris brown ; bill and feet black.”

More material will be necessary to show if the differences between this specimen

and the type are due to age, sex, or locality, and if present there would be no

excuse for assuming that these birds did not belong to the same form.

v 92. Pitta macklotii macklotii Temm.

Pitta Macklotii Temminck, Pl. Col. 547 (1834—Type from Lobo, collected by Salomon Miiller) ;

Nov. Zool., 1901. p. 63; van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix. i. p. 83.

3 ad.; Upper Setekwa (tributary of Oetakwa) River, 28, vii. and 8, x.1910.

(Nos. 4437, 4494, 4505, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

23,1 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 22. viii, 1.ix., 9.x.1910. (Nos. 4606,

4694, 4797, A. S. Meek Coll.)

2, 19; Hilanden River, December 1910. (Nos. 5074, 5080, 5081, A. 8.

Meek Coll.)

93. Pitta atricapilla atricapilla Quoy & Gaim.

Pitta atricapilla Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. i. p. 258. pl. 8. fig. 3 (1830—Dorey, north

coast of New Guinea) ; Nov, Zool, 1901. p. 62,

Pitta novaeguineae Miller & Schlegel, Verh. Nat. Gesch, Nederl. Overz. Bez., Zool. Aves, Pitta,

pp. 19, 20 (1839-1844) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, Zool, i, p. 82.

1 3, 2 $; Lower Setekwa (Oetakwa) River, November 1910. (Nos. 5009,

5025, 5035, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 29. vii. 1910. (No. 4446, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown; feet dark smoky horn-colour ; bill black.”

5 3, 1 %; Hilanden River, December 1910. (Nos. 5051, 5052, 5055, 5061,

5063, 5073.)

The wings measure from 101 to 109, but in No. 5063, marked “ male,” only

97°5 mm, :

/ 94. Chelidon rustica gutturalis (Scop.).

Hirundo gutturalis Scopoli, Del. Flor, & Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 96 (1786—‘‘ In Nova Guiana, p. 118,

tab. 76.” Sic! This does nut mean that the bird was found in New Guinea, but that it

is the species described and figured in Sonnerat, Voy. Nouvelle Guinée, p. 118. pl. 76; the

locality there given, and therefore the terra typica for the name guttwralis is Antigua, on

the Isle of Panay, Philippines !)

? juv.; Upper Setekwa River, 13. xi.1910. (No. 4987, A. S, Meek Coll.)

/ 95. Chelidon javanica (Sparrm.).

Hirundo javanica Sparrmann, Mus. Carls. ii. Taf. 100 (1789).

Hirundo frontalis Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. i. p. 204. pl. 12. fig. 1 (1830—Dorey, New

Guinea).

5 6? ; Upper Setekwa River, August, September, November 1910. (Nos.

4363, 4507, 4508, 4532, 4992, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

( 493 )

The late Dr, Sharpe stated that specimens from New Guinea and Torres Straits

were paler underneath than typical javanica. Comparing our specimens, we cannot

find this confirmed, and are unable to find other differences. If they should

be separable, the name frontalis would of course be available for the Papuan race.

Mr. Mathews treats neoxena as a subspecies of javanica, and perhaps with

good reason.

* 96. Monarcha axillaris Salvad.

Cf. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 458; 1907. p. 462.

? imm.; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 22.x. 1910. (No. 4875, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown; bill dark slaty-blue with black tip; feet dark slaty-blue.”

Unfortunately we have no specimens from Arfak, which is the terra typica of

M, axillaris.

97. Monarcha guttula (Garn ).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 456 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix. i, p. 87.

3d ad., 1 d juv. ; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4407,

4429, 4496, 4497, A. S. Meek Coll.)

98. Monarcha menadensis (Quoy & Gaim.).

(Monarcha dichrous auctoram—preferred on account of the wrong name, the species not being

found in Celebes.)

Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 458.

26, 1%; Setekwa River, 18,22. vi.1910. (Nos. 4187, 4190, 4217, A. S.

Meek Coll.)

25, 1%; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4236, 4246, 4270,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

According to Mr. Meek’s sexing in this and former collections, the entirely

black-backed birds are males, those with a slate-coloured upperside females; but

from the differences in size of some of the black-backed specimens we must conclude

that the adult male and female have an entirely black upperside, and differ merely

in size, while the slate-backed birds are young or immature. This was already

Salvadori’s ‘view in Orn. Pap. ii. p. 31.

» 99. Monarcha rubiensis (Meyer).

Tchitrea rubiensis A, B, Meyer, Sitzungsb. k. Akad. Wien \xix, p. 494 (1874—Rubi).

Bathmisyrma rufum Reichenow, Orn. Monatsber, 1897. p. 161 (Gogol River, Kaiserwilhelmsland).

Monarcha rubiensis Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 460 (near Humboldt Bay and

Bismarck Mountains),

4 3,3 9 ; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4242, 4255, 4320, 4336,

4335, 4343, 4347, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown; bill slaty-blue and black ; feet slaty-blue.”

The males have the throat black, in one specimen extending down to the

jugulum, in the others not extending over the lowest part of the throat. The

females have the throat rusty rufous like the breast. Wings of the males 94-97,

of the females 90-93 mm,

One of the males has over a dozen white (albinistic) feathers on the crown.

( 494)

100. Arses telescophthalmus harterti Oort.

Van Oort, Neva Guinea ix. 1. p. 86 (1909—Noord River, Sabang, Geitenkamp, collected by

Lorentz).

32%; Setekwa River, 19, 23. vi.1910. (Nos. 4200, 4229, A. S. Meek Coll.)

13,2 2; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4284, 4359,

4488, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

3? ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August 1910. (Nos. 4645, 4684, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

“ 8% : Iris dark brown ; eyelids blue ; bill and feet slaty-blue.” :

In addition to the characters pointed out by Dr. van Oort, it seems that the

bare skin of the eyelids is not quite so largely developed as in A. ¢. aruensis. The

wings of our males measure 78-83, those of the females 77-79 mm. There is

fad a considerable amount of variation, and not much difference, if any, from

A. t. aruensis in size.

101. Rhipidura tricolor (Vieill.).

C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 462 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 85.

3d ad, 2 9 ad., 1 juv.; Upper Setekwa River, July and September 1910.

(Nos. 4373, 4524, 4537, 4538, 4539, A. S. Meek Coll.)

4102. Rhipidura threnothorax 8. Miill.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 463 ; van Oort. Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 85.

6 $2 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, June, July, Angust 1910. (Nos. 4197,

4265, 4269, 4411, 4454, 4518, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“ Tris dark brown ; bill black ; lower mandible whitish horn-colour.”

The white spots on the breast vary much in size.

' 103. Rhipidura leucothorax Salvad.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 463.

2 d ad.; Setekwa River, 21, 23. vi.1910. (Nos. 4213, 4234, A.S. Meek Coll.)

4 3; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4264, 4398, 4409, 4417,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; bill black, lower whitish horn-colour ; feet black.”

104. Rhipidura setosa gularis 8. Miill.

Cf. Nor. Zool. 1903. p. 464.

6 $2; Upper Setekwa River, 17—25.vii.1910. (Nos. 4386, 4885, 4401,

4402, 4428, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

105. Rhipidura auricularis de Vis.

Rhipidura auricularis de Vis, Report on New Guinea, Birds, p, 2 (1890—Musgrave Range) ; Nov.

Zool. 1903. p. 465.

13, 32; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January 1911, (Nos. 5132,

5166, 5434, 5445, A. S, Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; feet dark brown, almost black; bill: upper black, lower

flesh-colour with blackish tip.”

Male: wing 81, females 76°5-77mm. The male appears thus to be much larger,

m+.

"(495 )

and its back is a little darker, otherwise there appears to be no difference between

the sexes. The skins from Mt. Goliath agree perfectly with those from the Aroa,

Mambare and Angabunga Rivers in British New Guinea.

* 106. Rhipidura atra Salvad.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 465.

1 g juv. in the first rufous plumage, 1 ¢ jun. changing from the rufous into

the black plumage ; Snow Mountains, 2500 and 3000 ft., 4. viii. and 20. x. 1910.

(Nos. 4570, 4863, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 6 ad. 3 ? ; Mt. Goliath, January 1911. (Nos. 5092, 5115, 5190, 5200,

9396, 5443, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; feet dark brown ; bill: upper black, lower flesh-colour.”

/ 107. Rhipidura hyperythra miilleri Meyer.

[Rhipidura hyperythra Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond,, 1858. p. 176. Aru Islands !]

Rhipidura rufiventris Miiller (nec Vieillot !), Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Ind. Land- en Volkenk.: p. 185

(1839-44—Lobo !)

Rhipidura Miilleri A. B. Meyer, Sitzungsber, k. Al. Wiss. Wien \xix. p. 502 (1874—New name for

rufiventris, no description. Terra typica for the name miilleri therefore =Lobo !)

There appear to be three races at least of Rhipidura hyperythra: one from

the Aru Islands, with nearly the whole throat slate-black, merely a chin-spot

“being white, one from the Mountains of British New Guinea with more white on

the chin, the greater part of the throat being white, and with a larger white patch

to the rectrices—14—17 mm. in the outer pair, against 11-12 in typical hyperythra,

and a third from various parts of Dutch New Guinea, with the throat generally

not quite so far white as in the birds from British New Guinea, viz. Ramsay’s

castaneothorax, and the tips to the rectrices small, those of the outer pairs being

white for 7-10 mm. These latter birds must apparently be called mzllert, which

is a new name for rujiventris. Of this last form we had four from near Humboldt

Bay, collected by Mr. Dumas, and Meek now sent us :

4 8,2 2 from the Snow Mountains, 2500-3000 ft., August adit September

1910. (Nos. 4588, 4599, 4620, 4706, 4707, 4892, A. S. Meek Coll.)

"108. Rhipidura rufidorsa Mey.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 465.

? ; Setekwa River, 22. vi.1910. (No. 4215, A. S. Meek Coll.)

4 32 ; Upper Setekwa River, 25. vii., 16. viii., 12. xi. 1910. (Nos. 4425, 4579,

4520, 4980, A.S. Meek Coll.)

3 ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 14. x. 1910. (No. 4844, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The species of the genus Rhipidura are, as in many other genera, unnaturally

grouped in the Hand-list of Birds, and it would be very useful if some one could

find the time to rearrange them.

~ 109. Microeca flavovirescens Gray.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 471 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i. p. 83.

33, 3%; Upper Setekwa River, July and Angust 1910. (Nos. 4278, 4331,

4351, 4354, 4395, 4512, A. S. Meek Coll.)

? ; Upper Bilanden River, 6. iii. 1911. (No. 5489, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

g Iris dark brown ; feet yellow ; bill : upper black, lower yellow, white at base.’

( 496 )

J 110. Microeca papuana A. B. Meyer.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 470.

& juv.; Mt. Goliath, 10.1.1911. (No. 5085, A. S. Meek Coll.) This specimen

has cream-yellow tips to the upper wing-coverts, secondaries, and some of the

feathers of the crown.

8 62 ad.; Mt. Goliath, January 1911. (Nos. 5157, 5158, 5160, 5175, 5176,

5177, 5436, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

J 111. Poecilodryas (Megalestes) albonotata griseiventris subsp. nov.

Differs from Poecilodryas (Megalestes) albonotata albonotata (originally de-

scribed from Arfak, common in the mountains of British New Guinea) in having the

whole abdomen ashy-grey, only the vent and under tail-coverts being white, while in

P. albonotata albonotata the middle of the abdomen, almost to the chest, is more

or less white ; this character is, of course, variable, but in our series the difference

is very conspicuous. Type of the new form: d No. 5454, Mt. Goliath, 14.1, 1911.

The distribution of P. albonotata albonotata is peculiar, in view of the—

apparently—isolated occurrence on Mt. Goliath of P. a. griseiventris, but as far

as we can sce from comparison with only two bad skins from Arfak, there is no

difference between the latter and a fine series from British New Guinea.

Mr. Meek sent the following examples of the new form :

5 6, 3 2; Mt. Goliath, up to 5000 ft., January and February 1911.

(Nos. 5105, 5169, 5196, 5209, 5210, 5257, 5367, 5454, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”

Wings: ¢ 110-114, ¢ 105-108 mm.

We think this species should be included in the genus Poecilodryas, and not

separated as Megalestes.

/ 112. Poecilodryas hypoleuca (Gray).

Cf. Nov. Zovl. 1903. p. 468 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 84.

4 6,12; Lower Setekwa River, June and November 1910. (Nos. 4184,

4189, 4202, 4220, 5043, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 13. vii. 1910. (No. 4360, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3%; Upper Bilanden River, March 1911. (Nos, 5481, 5490, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

J 113. Poecilodryas cyanus subcyanea de Vis.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 470.

3d ad.; Mt. Goliath, 22.i.1911. (No. 5158, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

é juv., changing from the rufous brown-striped plumage into the slaty-blue

one, Mt. Goliath, 13.i.1911. (No. 5451, A. S. Meek Coll.)

7 @ ad.; Mt. Goliath, January, February 1911. (Nos. 5104, 5176, 5178, 5365,

5439, 5440, 5447, A. S. Meek Coll.)

It seems that these specimens belong to P. ¢. subcyanea, described from the

mountains of British New Guinea. The wings of the females measure 81-84, that

of the male 88 mm. Specimens from British New Guinea are often still larger—

wings to 92 mm.

SS a aeaeeS7-Ie_a_—_———

_ ( 497 )

114. Poecilodryas leucops nigro-orbitalis subsp. nov.

Differs from the other Papuan forms of P. dewcops in the great extent of white

on the chin, which extends over the greater part of the throat, and is thus nearest

to P. leucops albigularis from Cape York (cf. Nov Zool. 1907, p. 459), but differs

from the latter in having the eyelids black, the white loral patch not extending in

a narrow line round the eye, as in P. /. albigularis ; the black line dividing the two

white loral patches along the middle of the forehead wider, the bill a little larger.

Crown slate-colour, paler in the middle and towards the nape ; back olive-green ;

throat white, rest of under-surface yellow, across the chest a clouded dusky band.

Wings of males 74-77, of females (as sexed by the collector) 68-74 mm.

Type: ¢, 4862; Snow Mountains, 20. x. 1910.

3 6, 3 2; Snow Mountains, October 1910. (Nos. 4861, 4862, 4881, 4882,

4902, 4906, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown, feet pale straw-yellow ; bill black, utmost base pale.”

VY 416. Poecilodryas bimaculata (Salvad ).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p, 468 ; 1907. p. 459.

5 6 ; Snow Mountains, September and October 1910. (Nos. 4718, 4794, 4868,

4872, 4783, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”

These specimens have all rather little white on the abdomen, while the

majority, though not all, of our specimens from British New Guinea have more white

on the abdomen, but, apparently, the males less than the females. The wings of

the Snow Mountains examples measure 79-85°5 mm. Possibly a large series may

confirm the difference and lead to the establishment of a new subspecies.

/ 116. Heteromyias armiti (de Vis).

C£. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 467, pl. xiii. fig. 3.

24, 62; Mt. Goliath, January 1911. (Nos. 5179, 5180, 5194, 5275, 5294,

5352, 5397, 5412, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown; bill black, in some specimens with the tip widely whitish

horn-colour ; feet flesh-colour.”

Some of these specimens have a more decided greyish tinge across the breast

than our spécimens from British New Guinea, Wings 88-97 mm.

117. Gerygone palpebrosa palpebrosa Wall.

Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 472.

3 ad. ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 23. x. 1910. (No. 4878, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

2 3 ad.; Upper Hilanden River, 9. iii. 1911. (Nos. 5508, 5509, A, 8. Meek

oll.)

“Tris dark red ; feet dull slaty-blue ; bill black.”

Gerygone palpebrosa wahnesi (Mey.) is the black-headed form from German

New Guinea. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1908, p. 472.

118. Gerygone chrysogaster Gray.

Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 472 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i, p. 83 (1909—Noord River).

6 39%; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos, 4235, 4297, 4379,

4382, 4421, 4502, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

( 498 )

$2; Upper Eilanden River, 10. iii. 1911. (Nos. 5511, 5512, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The iris, according to the labels, varies in colour. It is described as grey,

reddish brown, burnt sienna, light brown, and dark red !

Heinrich Kiihn marked the iris in specimens from the Aru Islands as

chocolate, brownish red, and dark greyish brown W. Doherty called it pale

scarlet and whitish scarlet, Dr. Lorentz dark brown. We cannot see differences

between these specimens and others from Aru. The yellow of the lower abdomen

and vent is rather brighter in adult birds, paler in young ones.

119. Gerygone conspicillata subsp. ?

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 473.

» @; Lower Setekwa River, 21. xi.1910. (No, 5022, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris red; feet slaty-blue; bill black.”

This specimen agrees on the whole with G. conspicillata, but the upperside

has a greyish tinge. Wing 55 mm.

J 120. Gerygone (Eugerygone) rubra (Sharpe).

Cf, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 474.

23; Mt. Goliath, 18.i., 2.ii.1911. (Nos. 5134, 5273, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown; bill black, with base light horn-colour ; feet brown and

yellow.”

The wings of these two birds measure only 58 mm., while in a speeimen from

Mt. Cameron (Owen Stanley Range) they measure 63 mm.

/121, Machaerirhynchus flaviventer xanthogenys Gray.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 476; 1912 (xix.) p. 201.

32; Upper Setekwa River, 1, 9. viii. 1910. (Nos. 4458, 4489, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

?; Upper Hilanden River, 7.iii.1911. (No. 5497, A. S. Meek Coll.)

/ 122. Machaerirhynchus nigripectus saturatus subsp. nov.

[Machaerirhynchus nigripectus Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr, Dierkunde iv. p. 43 (1871—New Guinea

Terra typica: Arfak !) ; Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 476, note. |

Differs from Arfak specimens in being larger, wings of males 62-5-66, females

60-63°5 mm., and the females are darker on the upperside, not fuscous grey (as in

Arfak individuals), but deep blackish brown, almost black. Type ¢ No. 5276,

Mt. Goliath, 2. ii. 1911. The males seem to be also rather bright yellow

underneath.

The birds from British New Guinea have been separated by Dr. van Oort as

M. n. harterti (Notes Leyden Mus, xxx. p. 235); they have the wings as long

as in satwratus, but the females are not so blackish on the upperside as those of

the latter, and the underside is brighter yellow. ?

Of M. nigripectus saturatus Mr. Meek sent us:

43, 69; Mt. Goliath, January, February, and March 1911. (Nos. 5180

5184, 5227, 5238, 5276, 5277, 5295, 5407, 5424, 5498, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.”

( 499 )

Y 123. Clytomyias insignis oorti R. & H.

C£. Nov, Zool. 1907. p. 460 (Angabunga River, A. S. Meek Coll.).

?; Mt. Goliath, 19.71.1911. (No. 5419, A. S. Meek Coll.)

This specimen agrees with the females from the Angabunga River and Bihagi.

Wing 57 mm. The specimens from British New Guinea have the wings 53-

57 mm.

‘124, Todopsis cyanocephalus bonapartii Gray.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 477; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i. p. 84,

2 dad, 2 2? ad.,1 d juv.; Setekwa River, June, July, August 1910. (Nos.

4208, 4209, 4210, 4462, 4463, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The young bird (No. 4210) is of interest. It is evidently in the first plumage,

just out of nest. The crown is dull deep brown, with a few blue feathers sprouting,

sides of head darker. Underside dull white, sides of body cinnamon rafous, back

dark cinnamon rufous, upper tail-coverts blackish.

32 ad; Upper Hilanden River, 4.iii.1911. (Nos. 5479, 5480, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

In the male the breast is not so deep blae-black as in those from the Setekwa

River, but the intensity of the colours varies in these birds.

Possibly our 7. c. dohertyi from Takar (cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 477) will not

be tenable, the dark colour of the back perhaps being due to dampness of the

skins while drying.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 477.

2 3; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 22. viii., 21.x.1910. (Nos. 4605, 4867, A. S.

Meek Coll.)

3; Upper Setekwa River, 25. vii.1910. (No, 4423, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 3; Upper Eilanden River, 6.iii.1911. (Nos. 5493, 5494, 5495, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

125. Todopsis wallacii Gray.

126. Campochaera sloetii flaviceps Salvad.

Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 209.

2 3,3 2%; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August to October 1910. (Nos. 4615,

4752, 4754, 4762, 4772, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.”

Unfortunately we have no typical C. sloetii from the original locality to

compare.

J 127. Coracina caeruleogrisea (Gray).

Graucalus caeruleogriseus, Nov, Zool, 1903, p. 203 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. livr, i, p. 87

(1909).

1“3” jun. ; Upper Setekwa River, 6. vii. 1910. (No. 4801, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

This specimen is evidently young, as it shows buff tips to the rather pointed

rectrices, quills, and upper tail-coverts.

23 ad., 1d jun, 2 ? ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 3000 ft, August,

October, November 1910. (Nos. 4681, 4798, 4874, 4922, 4940, A, 8. Meek Coll.)

/ ( 500 )

128. Coracina papuensis papuensis (Gm.).

Graucalus papuensis papuensis Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 205.

4 3,2 2; Upper Setekwa River, July, August, November 1910. (Nos. 4390,

4391, 4406, 4484, 4991, 5038, A. S. Meek Coll.)

These specimens clearly do not belong to C. papuensis meehiana R. & H.

(Nov. Zool. 1912. p. 201), which is much paler on the chest and throat.

/ 129. Coracina longicauda De Vis.

Graucalus longicauda De Vis, Revort New Guinea for 1889, p. 59 (1890—Musgrave Range) ;

Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p, 204.

gad. ; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., 14.1.1911. (No. 5122, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

“ Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.”

Wing 170, tail 150 mm.

‘130. Edoliisoma amboinense miilleri Salvad.

[Campephaga amboinensis Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn. 1865. p. 156. Amboina.]

Ceblepyris plumbea 8. Miiller, Nat. Gresch. Ned. Overz. Bez., Verh. Land- en Volkenkunde p, 189

(1839-1844—Partim, ex Nova Guinea tantum) ; terra typica Utanata River, S.W. Papua.

[The name has generally been rejected by Salvadori and others, because Wagler, Syst. Av.,

under the genus Corvus, among the species wrongly placed in the latter, says that the Corvus

novae-quineae of Gmelin should be looked up under “ Ceblepyr. plumb.” Evidently Wagler

invented the latter name as a substitute for the Corvus novae-guineae, which is neither a Corvus

nor does it occur in New Guinea; Wagler was prevented, by his untimely death, from

publishing his full account, but the name Ceblepyris plumbea might be construed as being fixed.

Dr. van Oort does not share this view, but looks upon “ Ceblepyr. plumb.” as a nomen nudum.

Both points of view have something to recommend them, but we prefer to accept that of

Salvadori.]

Edoliisoma amboinensis miilleri Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 208.

Edoliisoma plumbea van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr, i. p. 88 (1909—Noord River and.

Sabang).

? jun. ; Setekwa River, 20. vi. 1910. (No. 4207, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The specimen is very pale underneath, with rather little spotting.

_/ 131. Edoliisoma schisticeps poliopse Sharpe.

C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 208 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr, i, p. 88 (Alkmaar, Resi Kamp).

2 ; Upper Setekwa River, 24. vii. 1910. (No. 4419, A. S. Meek Coll.)

23,32 ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., August to October 1910.

(Nos. 4574, 4625, 4649, 4750, 4923, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris in both sexes dark brown; bill and feet black.”

The male appears to be indistinguishable from that of £2. schisticeps schisticeps,

while the female differs by the slate-grey colour of the chin, cheeks and ear-

coverts.

~ 132. Edoliisoma montanum minus Rothsch. & Hart (?).

Edoliisoma montana minus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1907 p. 464 (British New Guinea,

type ¢ ad. Bihagi).

Edolisoma montana van Oort, Nova Guinea ix,, Zool., livr. i. p. 89 (¢ Hellwig Mountains).

13,2 2,5 Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5243, 5244, 5361,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”

(501 )

Only one of the females is not in monlt, so that the wings can be properly

measured. We make it 1245 mm. It would thus belong to the smaller form,

which we named “ minus.”

y 133. Edoliisoma meyeri sharpei Rothsch. & Hart.

Edoliisoma meyeri sharpei Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 208 (N.E. coast of British

New Guinea) ; van Oort, Nova (ruinea ix., Zool., livr. i. p. 89 (“ Resi Kamp ”).

3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 22. vii. 1910. (Nos. 4408, A. S. Meek Coll.)

2d; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 3000 ft., 25. viii, 23. x. 1910. (Nos. 4637,

4888, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”

Wings 113-115°5 mm.

/134. ? Edoliisoma incertum (Meyer).

Campephaga incerta Meyer, Sitzungsber, k. Akad, Wiss. Wien xix. p. 387 (1874—Jobi Tsland),

“9”; Snow Mountains 29. x. 1910. (No. 4917, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”

This specimen, marked ?, agrees well with the description of Meyer, except

that the wing measures only 109 aud not 115 mm., bat Sharpe gives (Cat. B. iv.

p. 52) only 4°5 in.=114 mm.

135. Edoliisoma melas (Less.) (? an meehi.)

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p 206; van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix., Zool., livr. i. p. 89.

33,3 %; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4292, 4433,

4455, 4456, 4457, 4495, A. S. Meek Coll.)

d ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 5. ix. 1910. (No. 4717, A. S. Meek Coll.)

It seems that the females are somewhat intermediate between those of

E. melas melas and E. melas meeki. Altogether they vary a good deal, and as the

males appear to be indistinguishable we do not see our way to say for certain

whether these specimens should be classed with LZ. melas melas, meehi, or an inter-

mediate race.

136, Aethomyias spilodera guttata ?an subsp. nov.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 475.

4 3 ad.,1 3 jnov.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 24. and 25. viii. 1910. (Nos.

4617, 4633 fo 4636, A. S, Meek Coll.)

Ae. spilodera guttata differs from Ae. spilodera spilodera in the colour of the

forehead, which is reddish brown with blackish tips to the feathers, instead of dark,

almost blackish, olive without distinct spots. Our specimens from the Snow

Mountains have a rather distinct rnfous forehead, but we do not venture to separate

them on that account from the material at present at hand. Young birds of the

two recognised races appear to be quite similar to each other.

137. Crateroscelis murina (Ncl.) subsp. ?

Cf. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 226, 227 ; 1907, p. 465.

73%; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910, (Nos. 4282, 4283, 4285, 4296, 4308,

4381, 4369, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

24,195 Snow Mountains, 2000 to 8000 ft., 25. viii., 23. x. 1910. (Nos. 4628,

4629, 4877, A. S. Meek Coll.)

( 502 )

3 ; Upper Eilanden River, 4. iii, 1911. (No. 5482, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The subspecies of this bird are not yet worked out. As the type locality for

C. murina we have to consider Lobo Bay, while Meyer described brunneiventris

from Rubi (Sitzungsber. k. Ak. Wien \xix. p. 497, description of a young bird),

Ramsay his /fwlvipectoris (sic) from British New Guinea (Goldie River), and we

(Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 227) our rufobrunnea from near Humboldt Bay, the latter being,

as we now know, also a young bird, in which the whole underside is rufous and the

lower mandible black, not light horn-colour, as in the adult birds. There are, apart

from minor differences in size, some variations in all our birds; the type of our

rufobrunnea is rather dark rufescent underneath, while young birds with dark under-

mandibles from Bihagi, Upper Mambare River, are paler on the under-surface ; a

male and two females, apparently adult, collected by Heinrich Kiihn on Mysol are

also rather pale brownish underneath, the brownish buff extending over the throat ;

the heads are almost uniform with the back. These Mysol birds appear to belong to

a localised subspecies.

./ 188. Malurus alboscapulatus alboscapulatus Mey.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 478 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 91.

3 o ad.; Upper Setekwa River, July and November 1910. (Nos. 4289, 4313,

4963, A. S. Meek Coll.)

These specimens do not belong to M. a. naimii, as their wings measure 48°5,

51, 51-5 mm.

139. Malurus lorentzi Oort.

Malurus lorentzi van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 91 (1909—Noord River).

6 3 2; Upper Setekwa River, July and November 1910, (Nos. 4312, 4314,

4326, 4327, 4362, 4964, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown ; bill black; feet vandyke brown.”

Males and females are alike in colour, and Dr. van Oort’s female, which is more

buff underneath, is probably not adult. The white superciliary line is indistinct in

some specimens. Wings 47-51 mm,

140. Sericornis perspicillata Salvad.

C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 228; 1907. p. 466.

9 32 ad.; Mt. Goliath, about 5000 ft., January and February 1911. (Nos. 5133,

5165, 5263, 5265, 5282, 5292, 5293, 5345, 5400, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown; bill black (base of lower mandible light horn); feet light

horn-brown or flesh-colour.”

“141. Sericornis olivacea Salvad.

C£, Nov. Zool. 1907, p. 466. ;

2; Snow Mountains, 30. x.1910. (No, 4920, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

142. Sericornis arfakiana nouhuysi Oort.

Sericornis arfakiana nouhuysi van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., live. i, p. 9) (1909—Hellwig Moun-

tains. Type compared).

7 $Zad., 1 d juv.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5172,

5181, 5195, 5280, 5309, 5349, 5371, 5409, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown, dark brown, reddish brown, dark red ; biil black ; feet brown.”

eee a ee

— sd sgtnige, 0

hg NA TE AO ec PET Sts PN Fi

( 503 )

We have compared this fine series with the type of S. arfakiana nouhuysi and

find it to agree perfectly. The young bird (No. 5349) is darker and much more

rufescent on the underside.

Comparing all the Sericornis of this group, we come to the conclusion that

three forms can be distinguished :

Sericornis arfakiana arfakiana Salvad.

Arfak, hills near Humboldt Bay, Karon Mountains.

Besides one of the types (specimen c of the list on p. 408 in Salvadori’s Orn.

Pap. ii.), we have examined a 2 from Karon in the Leyden Museum, and an

adult and two young birds from “Mt. Moari” near Humboldt Bay, collected by

J. M. Dumas.

The young birds are more strikingly distinct from S. a. nouhuysi than the old

ones, being more yellowish, less rufescent, than the young of S. a. nouhuysi. The

adult birds have distinct pale edges to the greater upper wing-coverts.

' Sericornis arfakiana nouhuysi Oort.

Hellwig Mountains, Mt. Goliath.

Differs from S. a. arfakiana in being much more rnfescent above as well as

underneath, which is especially striking in the young birds. There are no distinct

pale edges to the greater upper wing-coverts. This form is larger than S. a.

arfakiana, but not much. Wings of the males 64-67, of the females 59°5-62 mm.,

allowing for one probably erroneously sexed specimen.

Sericornis arfakiana oorti subsp. nov.

A series of specimens from the Kotoi district, Mt. Cameron, Eafa, Aroa River,

Angabunga River, and Bihagi differ again from S. «a. arfakiana in being paler

olive, and more yellowish underneath, the feathers having distinct yellow edges,

producing a somewhat streaked appearance. The young birds are much more

tufescent, thus resembling the adult—but not the young—of S. a. arfakiana, except

in size. The wings measure about 60-61 in the females, and run up to 66 in the

males. Type of S. a. oorti d, No. a 2464, A. S. Meek Coll., Bihagi, head of

Mambare River, 19, ii. 1906, in the Tring Museum.

The specimens from British New Guinea were formerly enumerated by us as

“ Sericornis arfakiana” (Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 228 ; 1907, p. 467).

We have also received a skin from the Rawlinson Mountains, 1250 m. high,

shot on October 10, 1911. It appears to be slightly more rufescent than S. a.

arfakiana, but as it is in bad condition it is not easy to say whether it belongs to

the latter or to S. a. nouhuysi. With this bird were sent the nest and two broken

eggs.

The nest is placed in two big rolled-up leaves, like a tailor-bird’s nest, though

no stitches are noticeable. The nest itself is composed of ferns, moss, and dry

leaves, lined with a few feathers. The two eggs are of a brownish cream-colour

with a pink tinge, and with a brown zone at the large end. They measure 22°8 x

15°7, and 21°6 x 15°6 mm.

143. Sericornis meeki sp. nov.

% ad. Upper surface greenish olive, browner on the head and brighter, more

greenish on the ramp, but upper tail-coverts a shade more rufescent, lesser upper

wing-coverts with more greenish edges, larger series with paler tips. Quills dark

(504)

brown, outwardly margined with olive-brown, lighter on the outermost ones, narrow

inner edges greyish buff. Rectrices dark brown, widely margined with rufous-

olive, and with a wide subterminal black bar. Lores and ear-coverts olive-brown,

only a faint shade paler than the crown, around the eye an indication of a pale and

more yellowish ring. Chin, throat, and chest brownish buff, abdomen olive-yellow,

flanks more olive. Under tail-coverts yellowish buff. Under wing-coverts dull

brownish yellow.

“Tris dark brown (and grey) ; feet brown, toes orange-yellowish ; bill blackish

horn-colour, base of lower jaw paler.”

Wings 54°5 and 55, tail 39, tarsus 20, culmen, 12°5 mm.

Type: ¢, Mt. Goliath, 8. 11.1911. (No. 5338, A. S. Meek Coll.)

22%; Mt. Goliath, 31.1. and 811.1911. (Nos. 5252, 5338, A. S. Meek Coll.)

In the Leyden Museum is a female from an elevation of 2600 m. on the

Hellwig Mountains, collected by Dr. H. A. Lorentz, which is very similar to

S. meehi on the upperside, but brownish buff underneath. It seems to be a young

bird, and might perhaps belong to S. meek.

144. Sericornis ?

o juv.; Snow Mountains, 5. viii. 1910. (No. 4576, A. S. Meek Coll.)

This is a perfectly young bird, evidently a Sericornis, but it does not agree

with any of the species we are acquainted with. The bill is black, iris “light grey.”

Upper surface dull olive-green, underside pale yellow, throat and chest with olive-

grey longitudinal spots.

/ 145. Amalocichla brevicauda (De Vis).

Cf. Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 226 ; 1907. p. 465.

3; Mt. Goliath, 4.ii.191]. (No. 5297, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The specimen agrees with our series from the mountains of British New

Guinea, but the upperside and breast are a shade darker. It would be interesting

to compare a series from Mt. Goliath. The young bird is spotted like a young

thrush.

~/ 146. Androphilus viridis Rothsch. & Hart.

Androphilus viridis Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxix. p. 33 (December 1911—

Mt. Goliath). ‘

3; Mt. Goliath, 9.111911. (No. 5346, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The description of the single specimen in the Bull. B.O. Club is as follows :

“« Upperside olive-green, the feathers being browner in the middle and at the base,

upper tail-coverts slightly browner ; quills deep brown, outer edges green, like the

back; tail greenish olive; sides of head and neck like the back; a short white

malar stripe; throat and chest black, rest of underside olive-green. Iris dark

brown; bill black: feet vandyke-brown. Culmen 15, wing 66, tail 72, tarsus

26 mm.”

147. Ifrita coronata Rothsch.

Cf. Bull. B.O. Club May 1898 ; Nov. Zool. vi. pl. iii; Nov, Zool. 1908. p. 226, 1907. p. 465.

36,8 %; Mt. Goliath, up to 5000 ft., January and February 1911. (Nos. 5118,

5119, 5154, 5182, 5198, 5213, 5262, 5329, 5366, 5405, 5452, A. S. Meek Coll.)

As we have. stated before, the males have a white, the females a buff

superciliary line; moreover the males are larger, wings 84-87, females smaller,

wings 79-81 mm.

(505 )

148. Eupetes castanonotus saturatus Rothsch. & Hart.

Eupetes castanonotus saturatus Rothschild & Hartert, Orn. Monatsber, 1911. p. 157 (Snow

Mountains).

dd ad., 3 2 ad, 1 d med., 1 ? juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August to

October 1910. (Nos. 4624 (type), 4672, 4680, 4696, 4724, 4728, 4744, 4790, 4795,

4838, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

Differs from E. c. castanonotus in having the underside of a deeper blue with a

purplish tinge, and a deeper chestnut back. “ Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”

The young in first plumage has the upper surface brown; middle rectrices dark

brown, throat greyish white, rest of underside dusky brown. The young male has

the rump chestnut.

149. Eupetes caerulescens nigricrissus Salvad.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 230; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. livr. i. p. 90 (Noord River).

43,2 2%; Upper Setekwa River, June to September 1910. (Nos. 4180, 4211,

4263, 4414, 4415, 4416, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3d, 2 2; Upper Hilanden River, March 1911. (Nos. 5485, 5486, 5499, 5504,

5505, A. S. Meek Coll.)

/ 150. Eupetes leucostictus loriae Salvad.

C£. Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 230. 1907. p. 464.

?; Mt. Goliath, 27. i. 1911 (No. 5212).

“Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.” (No. 5212 A. S. Meek Coll.) As we

have said before, the $ has the entire upper surface rufous chestnut, while in the

males it is dull greenish olive. Z. 1. loriae is very-closely allied to F. 0. leucostictus,

from which it seems to differ only by the black throat and guttural patch being

more or less connected by black feathers with white edges ; moreover, the black

guttural patch has more or less round white spots to the tips of its feathers, which

are not seen in the &. J. loriae. It appears to be a mistake to say that the

ehest is olive-greenish and not cinereous blue, as it is mot always bluish in

E. 1. leucostictus.

151. Pomatorhinus isidori Less.

Cf, Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 231; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. livr. i, p. 89.

13, 2% Lower Setekwa River, 17, 18. vi. 1910. (Nos. 4184, 4192, 4193,

A. S. Meek Coll.)

3%; Upper Setekwa River, July and November 1910. (Nos. 4280, 4339, 4972,

A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris yellow, dull yellow, dull white, and brown !”

vy 152. Turdus (Geocichla) papuensis (Seeb.).

Geocichla papuensis Seebohm, Cat. B, Brit. Mus, v. p. 158. pl. ix. (1881—S.E, New Guinea,

Type in the British Museum, collected by A. Goldie),

? juny. ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 18, x. 1910. (No. 4849 A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown; bill black ; feet light horn-colour.”

Of this rare mountain-Thrush we have, besides some skins from the Upper Aroa

( 506 )

River, collected by Emil Weiske, at elevations of about 3500 feet, received a skin

from the Sattelberg in German New Guinea, together with its nest and fragments

of eggs; the latter are pale green with pale rufous spots, like small Blackbirds’

eggs and many other eggs of Turdi.

153. Artamus leucorhynchos leucopygialis Gould.

Cf, Nov. Zool. 1903. p, 112; 1912. p. 292.

1“ 3,’ 2 2; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4368, 4874, 4452, A.S.

Meek Coll.) :

These three specimens agree with the race from S.E. Papua and Australia,

Their wings measure only 122 and 125 mm. It seems doubtful if the birds from

N.W. New Guinea can be separated, but they are generally slightly larger and

have larger beaks.

‘154. Artamus maximus Mey.

Cf. Nov. Zool, 1903, p, 112.

3; Mt. Goliath, 10. ii. 1911. (No. 5350, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

/ 155. Pitohui aruensis nigripectus Oort.

Pitohui aruensis nigripectus van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr, i. p, 93 (1909—Sabang).

3; Upper Setekwa River, 7. vii. 1910. (No. 4309, A. S. Meek Coll.)

4S ad.;2 2? ad.; 2d? juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., August, Sep-

tember, October 1910. (Nos. 4616, 4740, 4742, 4773, 4774, 4785, 4786, 4928, A. 8.

Meek Coll.)

2 3,1 2; Upper Hilanden River, March 1911. (Nos. 5483, 5484, 5504, A. S._

Meek Coll.)

“Tris red, dark red, chocolate; bill and feet black, or bill black, feet dark

slaty blue.” ‘

The differences of this new form are well described by Dr. van Oort ; but,

according to the sex-marks on our labels, the adult males only have the breast and

part of abdomen pure black, while the adult females have the throat and jagulam _

black, the rest of the underside cinnamon-rufous. The lower ramp and upper tail-

coverts in all our specimens are black, more or less mixed with rufous-chestnut. In

a young female (No. 4740) the crown is brown with black streaks, the throat

cinnamon, towards the breast with an admixture of black. The tail, which is pure

black in adult males and females, is margined with brown. In the young male in

first plumage (No. 4774) the crown is dull cinnamon-brown, throat dall cinnamon-

brown as far as the chest, ramp and upper tail-coverts dark chestnut, the whole tail

rufous-brown. Wings of the adult males 123-128, of the females 121-126. mm.

156. Pitohui ferrugineus ferrugineus (Bp.).

Rectes ferrugineus Bonaparte, Compt, Rend. Paris, xxxi, p. 563 (1850—Ex 8, Miiller MS. in Mus,

Leiden. Terra typica: Lobo, Nova Guinea); van Oort, Nov Guinea ix., Zool., livr. i,

p. 94,

4 3 2%; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4243, 4277, 4349, 4350, A. 8.

Meek Coll.)

3 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August 1910. (Nos. 4613, 4644, A. 58.

Meek Coll.)

( 507 )

/ 157. Pitohui cristatus (Salvad.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 98.

2 3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 27. ix., 6. x. 1910. (Nos. 4739, 4780, A. S.

Meek Coll.)

No. 4780 agrees with our P. cristatus from various localities, while No. 4739

is much deeper rufous below and a little more rufescent above, than all other

examples seen by us.

/ 158. Pitohui meeki spec. nov.

(Perhaps subspecies of P. nigrescens.)

? ad. Upperside rufous brown, head more brownish. Quills deep brown,

outer webs ferruginous brown, inner webs widely margined with bright ferraginous

towards the base. Tail chestnut brown, shafts brighter and more reddish. Whole

underside brownish rust-colour, under wing-coverts light ferraginous.

Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black. Wings 125-5, tail 103, culmen from base

of forehead 30°5, tarsus 31°5 mm.

Type and only specimen received: $ ad. Mount Goliath, 7. ii, 1911. (No.

5321, A. 8. Meek Coll.) /

This bird belongs to the group called “ Melanorhectes,” as is not only proved by

its general appearance and fluffy plumage, but also by the peculiar musky smell,

which is peculiar to Pitohui (Melanorhectes) nigrescens nigrescens and schistaceus.

It differs from the adult females of these two forms by its much more rufous colour,

~ thus somewhat resembling the young birds ; but it is not so bright ferraginous, and

is evidently an old bird. More material must be compared before we can decide

whether it is a representative of P. nigrescens, or a separate species, and how the

male looks.

’ 159. Pinarolestes megarhyncha megarhyncha (Quoy & Gaim.).

Cf. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 99; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. Zool., livr. i. p. 94.

5d ad.; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4257, 4328, 4329, 4370,

4371, A. S. Meek Coll.)

4 3% ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 2500 ft., August 1910. (Nos. 4575,

_ 4587, 4598, 4685, A. S. Meek Coll.)

These specimens appear to be quite typical megarhyncha.

Of. Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 92.

3 ad., 3d jun. 2 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, July and September 1910,

(Nos. 4260, 4267, 4526.)

3 3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 9.x. 1910. (Nos. 4799, 4800, 4801.)

160. Cracticus cassicus (Bodd.).

’ 161. Cracticus quoyi quoyi (Less.).

£, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 93.

? ; Upper Setekwa River, 27. vii. 1910. (No. 4434.)

( 508 )

¥ 162. Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothsch.

Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild, Bull. B.O, Club xxix. p. 20 (Nov. 1911—Mt. Goliath).

9 $2; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5135, 5224, 5246,

5320, 5334, 5343, 5344, 5394 [type], 4416, A. S. Meek Coll.)

There is hardly anything to add to the original description, though the colour

of the upperside is browner in some, darker and more blackish in others, The

species is not quite a typical Pachycephala; it approaches, in fact, the genus.

Pinarolestes, in the copious and fluffy plumage on the back and rump, but the bilk

is much deeper, in fact exactly like that of other typical Pachycephalae.

Wings of the males 93-96, females 90-92 mm.

’ 163. Pachycephala rufinucha gamblei Rothsch.

CE. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 104 ; 1907. p. 471.

6 3? ad. 1 J immat., 1 ? juv.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911..

(Nos. 5095, 5264, 5313, 5314, 5315, 5330, 5385, 5390, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The curious plumage of the young birds and the differences from P. 7. rufinucha.

have been described as quoted above. This species approaches Pachycephala

tenebrosa in the fluffy plumage of the back and rump, thus connecting it with the

true Pachycephala. :

J 164, Pachycephala soror Scl.

Cf. Nov. Zool, 1903, p. 103 ; 1907. pp. 470, 471.

? immat.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 26. viii. 1910. (No. 4641, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

73 ad,3 % ad, 2 d? immat.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911.

(Nos. 5094, 5185, 5186, 5215, 5216, 5217, 5241, 5270, 5310, 53856, 5414, 5446,.

A. S. Meek Coll.)

The first plumage in which these birds leave the nest has apparently not yet.

been described; the immature specimens have cinnamon edges to the quills and

upper wing-coverts, and a few cinnamon-rafous feathers on the back and abdomen,

showing that the foregoing plumage must have been cinnamon-rufous. Their heads.

are dull cinnamoneous-brown.

! 165. Pachycephala schlegelii schlegelii Schleg.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903, p, 103.

3 9 ad.; Mt. Goliath, January 1911. (Nos. 5108, 5147, 5438, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

It is interesting to find on Mt. Goliath—as in several other cases—the Arfak

race, and not the one inhabiting British New Guinea.

Y 166. Pachycephala aurea Rchw.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 102.

5 3,1 ¢ ; Upper Setekwa River, July, September, November 1910. (Nos. 4387,

4528, 4529, 4540, 4965, 4993, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“ [ris chocolate-brown ; bill black ; feet slate-colour.”

The adult males vary somewhat in the colour of the back, which is sometimes.

brighter, sometimes paler, and in a few cases washed with olive. More conspicuous,

however, are the variations of the throat, which has in some specimens only a tiny

white spot, while in other specimens nearly the whole throat is white. The female —

( 509 )

has apparently not been described. The feathers of the crown and nape are widely

margined with olive-grey ; throat white ; the feathers of the wide jugular black

band have yellowish tips ; the feathers of the back are yellowish olive. Quills dull

black, primaries outwardly margined with grey, secondaries and upper wing-coverts

with dull olive-green ; tail black, mottled with olive-green.

Wings only 80 mm., those of the males 85-88 mm.

The males agree perfectly with those from the mountains of British

New Guinea.

Y 167. Pachycephala leucostigma Salvad.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 107 ; 1907. p. 473.

3 ad. 3 2 (two not fully adult), 1 quite young ; Mt. Goliath, not less than

5000 ft., January and February 1911. (Nos. 5129, 5251, 5267, 54038, 5444,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

The adult male was described by us in 1907, but it must be added that the

adult female has the crown almost uniform olive-grey, the forehead only being

adorned with white streaks. The very young bird (No. 5251), just from the nest,

agrees with other young, thouch older, birds. These birds are absolutely identical

with those from the mountains of British New Guinea, but it is desirable to have a

good series of fresh Arfak specimens to compare,

/ 168. Pachycephala poliosoma (Sharpe).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 473.

Pachycephala poliosoma approximans Ogilvie-Grant, Bull, B.O. Case xxix, p. 26 (Twaka River ,

foot of Snow Mountains). 4

5 3? ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 2500 ft., August and October 1910.

(Nos. 4562, 4566, 4567, 4618, 4792, A. S. Meek Coll.)

Mr, Ogilvie-Grant distinguished his new form, stating that it differed from

specimens from the Aroa and Mambare Rivers in having the top of the head and

ear-coverts very dark slate-grey like the rest of the upper parts, while in

P. poliosoma poliosoma these parts were washed with brown, and that the foreneck

and chest were uniform dark grey, not washed with brown, These alleged

differences are, we are sorry to say, not constant at all, when comparing the Snow

Mountain birds with our twenty specimens from British Papna, Not only are the

alleged distinguishing characters of the birds from the Snow Mountains not equally

seen in all the specimens, but they are also evident in several adult males in fresh

plumage from British New Guinea.

/ 169. Pachycephala griseiceps (tray (? subsp.).

Pachycephala griseiceps Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1858. p. 178, 192 (Aru Islands).

5 “3”: Snow Mountains, 2000—3000 ft., August and October 1910. (Nos,

4607, 4619, 4643, 4791, 4903, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

These five specimens show the dark shaft-lines to the feathers of the underside,

especially of the throat, chest, and breast, very conspicuously ; in this respect they

are most nearly approached by some of the birds from the Upper Aroa River in

British New Guinea, but also some Aru birds—Aru being the typical locality—

show distinct stripes, and our Aru examples being inferior skins, as compared with

those of Mr. Meek, a very close comparison is somewhat difficult. It appears,

however, that the skins from Kapanr (cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 56, 1903. p, 105)

( 510 )

are more yellowish on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, and hardly ever show

any striping on the under surface. They might therefore be separated under the

name of P. griseiceps squalida Oustalet (Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris 1877-1878.

p. 56—terra typica Amberbaki, Berau Peninsula). The birds from Waigin and

Misol (Mysol) might be united with sgualida, though some—and perhaps the

majority—of the latter show again distinctly the dark shaft-stripes on the feathers.

of the throat and breast.

170. Kulacestoma nigropectus De Vis.

Eulacestoma nigropectus De Vis, Report on New Guinea 1893-94, Ornith. Specimens. p, 4 (1894—

Mt. Manaeao, Brit. New Guinea).

Eulacestoma nigritorques (evidently slip of pen) Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. B.O. Club viii. 1898. p. x.

Eulacestoma nigripectus Sharpe, Handlist B. iv, p. 314 (1903).

Eulacestoma nigropectus Sclater, Ibis 1904. pp. 373-5. pl. ix.

6 ad. 1 juv.; Mt. Goliath, 19.11.1911. (Nos. 5420, 5421, A. S. Meek Coll.)

1 ob ad., 2 3 ad.; Avera, Aroa River, May 1903. (Nos. a477, 528, 529, A. S_

Meek Coll.) 4

3 ad.; Bihagi, head of Mambare River, 31. i11.1906. (No. 42691, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; bill black in the ¢, horn-colour, light at base of lower

jaw in the ?, light horn throughont in the young bird.”

The bill varies much in size, that of the male from Bihagi being much larger.

Wings of the adult males 68-70, females 70-70 mm. The wings are outwardly

margined with olive-rufous in the adult females, the chest shows faint whitish

cross-bars. In the young bird (No. 5420) the cross-markings of the chest are more

distinct, and the upper wing-coverts as well as the margins of the secondaries are

bright ferrnginous.

(On one of the skins in the British Museum is a MS. name by Professor

- Reichenow, which has never been published.)

‘171. Pachycare flavogrisea subaurantia Rothsch. & Hart.

Pachycare flavogrisea subaurantia Rothschild and Hartert, Orn. Monatsber, xix. p. 157 (Oct, 1911—

Snow Mountains).

5 @ ad., 2 ? ad.,1 2 juv.; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., October and November

1910. (Nos, 4848, 4873 [type], 4885, 4895, 4935, 4936, 4941, 4946, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

This brilliantly coloured form differs from Pachycare Jlavogrisea flavogrisea

by the deeper and more orange colour of the underside and sides of the head. In

the very young female (No. 4941) the colours are paler. Wings of the males.

65-68, females 64-67 mm.

We have also received a female of Pachycare flavogrisea from an elevation

of 1200 m. in the Rawlinson Mountains, German New Guinea, together with nest

and eggs. This bird appears to be very orange underneath, and may belong to

P. f. subaurantia, but it is so badly skinned that one can hardly be quite certain

whether it belongs to P. f. flavogrisea or P. f. subaurantia. The two eggs are

rather pointed, and in colour look exactly like small eggs of a Pyenonotus. Their

ground-colour is whitish pink, and they are covered all over with rufous pink spots

and patches. They measure about 21 x 15 mm., but being end-blown (with rather

big holes) their length is not absolutely certain. The nest is a large structure —

( 511 )

of fibres and decayed leaves, wrapped up in fresh leaves. Its original shape is

uncertain, but it seems to be a cave about 10 cm. deep, narrowing below; the

entrance has apparently been at the top.

¥ 372. Dicaeum geelvinkianum diversum R. & H.

Dicaeum geelvinkianum diversum Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 215 (Ambernoh

River) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., livr. i. p. 98.

“9”; Setekwa River, 20. vi.1910. (No. 4201, A. S. Meek Coll.)

(One red feather on chest. )

3%; Upper Setekwa River, 30. vii., 9. viii,1910, (Nos. 4450, 4490, A. S.

Meek Coll.)

3 3; Snow Mountains, 2000—3000 ft., September and October 1910. (Nos.

4688, 4702, 4861, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“ Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”

173. Pristorhamphus versteri meeki Rothsch. & Hart.

Pristorhamphus versteri meeki Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club xxix. p. 36 (1911—Mt.

Goliath).

6 dad, 3d juv, 6 2; Mt. Goliath, about 5000 ft., January and February

1911. (Nos. 5106, 5136, 5155, 5173, 5174, 5193, 5199, 5214, 5255, 5332, 5333,

5355, 5362, 5404, 5441, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 ?: “Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.”

This form differs in the male sex from P. ». versteri in the darker colour of

the underside, and the greater extent of white at the base of the rectrices ; the tails

measure 75-79 mm.

(The type is No. 5332, Mt. Goliath, 8. ii, 1911.)

The curious fact that the females of Pristorhamphus are larger than the males

has been mentioned before, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 217.

174, Melanocharis nigra chloroptera Salvad.

C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 216, 1907. p. 477.

43, 2%; Upper Setekwa River, June and July 1910. (Nos. 4188, 4253,

4299, 4358, 4399, 4412, A. S. Meek Coll.)

We can see no difference from Aru Islands specimens, unless that in some—

but not all—specimens the bill appears to be slightly more slender; colour and

dimensions agree in every way.

J 175, Melanocharis striativentris Salvad.

CE. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 478.

?; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., 10.ix.1910, (No, 4591, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown; feet slaty blue; bill smoky dark brown.”

/ 176. Rhamphocharis crassirostris Salvad. (?).

Rhamphocharis crassirostris Salvadori, Ann. Mus, Civ. Genova vii. p. 943 (1875—Arfak) ; id. Orn.

Pap, ii. p. 288, Sharpe, Cat. B, Birds Brit. Mus. x. p, 84; id. in Gould’s B, New Guinea,

part xx. (vol. iv. pl, ix.) and text.

3; Mt. Goliath, 20. i1.1911. (No, 5425, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

Agrees in every way with the type of RA. crassirostris in the Genoa Museum,

(512)

except that the base of the lateral rectrices is white for about 1 cm., as in

Rh. maculata. Wing 68:2 mm.

“ Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”

6 juv.; Mt. Goliath, 14.11.1911. (No. 5383, A. S. Meek Coll.)

Back olive-green, with some white dots to the tips of the feathers.

3 pull.; Mt. Goliath, 12.11.1911, (No. 5360, A. S. Meek Coll.)

This is quite a young bird, with the back uniform olive-green without white

dots, underside creamy white with longitudinal grey spots. It is of course not

quite certain that this bird belongs to RA. crassirostris, but we have little doubt

that our identification is correct.

/177. Oreocharis arfaki (Meyer).

Cf, Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 474.

7 dad.,5 2; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5088, 5107, 5152,

5170, 5171, 5187, 5206, 5254, 5406, 5415, 5433, 5435, A. S. Meek Coll.)

\ 178, Cinnyris aspasia aspasia Less.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 190%. p. 475; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., livr. i. p. 94.

3 ; Lower Setekwa River, 22. xi. 1910. (No. 5024, A. S. Meek Coll.)

43, 3 2; Upper Setekwa River, July and Augnst 1910. (Nos. 4261, 4441,

4442, 4480, 4509, 4510, 5001, A. S. Meek Coll.)

1 gd ad.,1 3 juv.; Upper Bilanden River, 8, 9. iii, 1911. (Nos. 5506, 5507,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

/ 179, Myzomela eques nymani Rothsch. & Hart.

Myzomela eques nymani Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 223 (Simbang in German New

Guinea [terra typica] and British New Guinea).

& ; Upper Setekwa River, 5. viii. 1910. (No. 4475, A. S. Meek Coll.)

5 ¢ ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., October 1910. (Nos. 4814, 4828, 4831, 4835,

4836, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

It would be desirable to compare a series from Simbang, as well as well-

prepared fresh skins from Waigiu (terra typica of the name egues) and N.W.

Papua. The specimens from British New Guinea are absolutely identical with

those from the Setekwa River; they are darker than typical egues, but can hardly

be said to be more greyish.

J 180, Myzomela rosenbergi Schleg.

Cf. Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 220,

3 juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 1. ix. 1910. (No. 4689, A. S. Meek Coll.)

6 dad.,5 2; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January and February 1911.

(Nos. 5087, 5091, 5098, 5101, 5102, 5116, 5168, 5188, 5285, 5442, 5448, A. S. Meek

Coll.)

» 181. Myzomela cruentata cruentata A. B. Mey.

Cf£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 222; 1907. p. 479.

1 d ad., 2-¢ juv., 3 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August and September

1910. (Nos. 4657, 4674, 4675, 4677, 4678, 469], A. S. Meek Coll.)

( 513 )

7182) Myzomela nigrita nigrita (Gray.

C£. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 221.

4 ¢ ad, 2 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August, September, October,

November 1910. (Nos. 4656, 4692, 4698, 4837, 4915, 4938, A. S. Meek Coll.)

We cannot see differences from specimens from Aru, which is the terra typica

for the name ngrita, but should any be found, the name meyert (Salvadori, Orn.

Pap. ii. p. 292, in the text), which replaces erythrocephala A. B. Meyer, nec Gould,

would be available for the Papuan race. M. ». pluto is a much larger bird.

J 183, Oedistoma pygmaeum pygmaeum Salvad.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 436.

3.3 2; Upper Setekwa River, August 1910. (Nos. 4474, 4476, 4483, A. S.

Meek Coll.)

2 3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 23, 26. viii. 1910. (Nos. 4614, 4646, A. S.

Meek Coll.)

We would now regard 0. meeki (Hart.) as a subspecies of pygmaeum and call it

O. pygmaeum meeki. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 436.

184, Melilestes iliolophus iliolophus Salvad.

C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 438.

1 g,2 2 ; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos, 427], 4355,

4458, A. S. Meek Coll.)

23,12; Snow Mountains, 2500 and 3000 ft., August and October 1910,

(Nos. 4595, 4596, 4853, A. S. Meek Coll.)

It would be desirable to have freshly collected and good skins from Miosnom

and Arfak to compare with Mr. Meeck’s beautiful specimens, which, together with

others from British New Guinea, look very greenish compared with old Arfak skins.

Y 185. Melilestes novaeguineae flaviventris Rothsch. & Hart.

Melilestes novae-quineae flaviventris Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. B.O, Club xxvii. p. 44 (Aru

Islands).

-§ ; Upper Eilanden River, 7. iii, 1911. (No. 5500, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

2 3,2 2; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., August, September, October 1910.

(Nos. 4569, 4709, 4843, 4912, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown, dark brown; bill black ; feet slaty blue.’ Wing, males 68, 68-5,

females 58-60°5 mm.

These birds agree well with the topotypical Aru specimens.

/ 186. Melilestes megarhynchus megarhynchus (Gray).

Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 436; 1912. p. 203 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr. i. p. 95.

23,2 9 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4321, 4426, 4435, 4443,

A. §. Meek Coll.)

1 3 ad.,1 3 juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August 1910, (Nos, 4658, 4673,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

/187. Philemon novaeguineae brevipennis subsp. nov.

Differs from P. novaeguineae novaeguineae, P. novaeguineae jobiensis, and P.

novaeguinene subtuberosus in having shorter wings and slenderer beaks. Wings of

males 143-146, of females 136-140 mm.

( 514 )

Hab. Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea; type No. 4713, Snow Mountains,

4. ix. 1910, A. S. Meek Coll.

13,2 9; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., September 1910. (Nos. 4687, 4713,

4714, A. S. Meek Coll.)

25,1 2 ; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4410, 4431, 4432, A. S.

Meek Coll.)

The Philemon novaeguineae is a very interesting species from the point of its

geographical variation. In 1903 (Nov Zool. 1903. pp. 449, 450) we acknowledged

three subspecies: P. novaeguineae novaeguineae, subtuberosus, and jodbiensis, and in

1912 (Nov. Zool. xix. pp. 204, 209) we quoted P. novaeguineae novaeguineae from

the Kumusi River and Haidana, Collingwood Bay. The discovery of a new form on

the lower slopes of the Snow Mountains led us to reconsider these forms, and we

came to the following conclusions :

P. novaeguineae novaeguineae extends from the Berau Peninsula (Arfak,

Dorey, Sorong, ete.) to Ron Island, Batanta, Waigin and Mysol.—In 1903 we

united with it the Aru birds, and two examples said to have come from “ Mt.

Maori” (Humboldt Bay) and the Ambernoh River. We must modify our views of

1903 somewhat, on account of more material received and of a more careful study.

J -P. novaeguineae aruensis A. B. Mey. From a renewed comparison of a large

series we are inclined to separate the Aru form because the heads are after all generally

much paler, and the knobs at the base of the culmen reach often a size which is

never developed in P. n. novaeguineae.

P. novaeguineae jobiensis A.B. Mey. Jobi Island and along the north coast of New

Guinea east of Geelvink Bay to German New Guinea (Konstantinhafen, Stephansort).

P. novaeguineae brevipennis R. & H. Besides the specimens from the Snow

Mountains and Upper Setekwa River the following appear to belong to this form :

Two males from Hall Bay, collected by D’Albertis, being specimens f* and g* of

Salvadori’s list in Orn. Pap. ii. p. 360. These two birds are too light and too small

for P. n. subtuberosus, but their wings are longer than in our P. ». drevipennis from

the Snow Mountains, measuring 147 and 150 mm.—An unsexed specimen said to be

from the Ambernoh River, and another said to be from “Mt. Maori,” near Humboldt

Bay. The wings of these birds measure only 146 mm., and they agree otherwise

with our P. n. brevipennis. hey were mentioned in Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 449. They

have been collected by Mr. J. Dumas, but were not received direct, but through Mr.

van Dnivenbode, and their locality was given by word, as they were unlabelled.

P. novaeguineae subtuberosus Hart. Originally described from Fergusson

Island. Differing in the small hump at the base of the culmen, and the generally

duller colour, especially the more brownish underside. The specimens from

the Kumusi River and Collingwood Bay mentioned in Nov. Zool. xix. pp. 204, 209

agree best with P. x. subtuberosus, and not with P. novaeguineae novaeguineae ; the

two from the Kumusi River might very well be united with P. ». subtuberosus, but

the two from Collingwood Bay have larger knobs than any from Fergusson Island,

though small for typical novaeguineae.

V 188. Melirrhophetes belfordi griseirostris Rothsch. & Hart.

Melirrhophetes belfordi griseirostris Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club xxix. p. 34 (December

1911—Mt. Goliath, type No. 5353, A. S. Meek Coll.).

63,4 $5; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5098, 5148, 5161,

5222, 5248, 5298, 5325, 5353, 5354, 5455, A. S. Meek Coll.)

(515 )

“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet pale slaty-blue.”

This is a smaller form than IV. elfordi belfordi, with the beak pale slaty-blue,

instead of black. Wings of males 130-134, females 122-124 mm. Nearly all the

specimens, however, show some moult.

J 189. Melipotes gymnops goliathi Rothsch. & Hart.

Melipotes gymnops goliathi Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club xxix. p. 34 (1911—Mt. Goliath,

type No. 5221, A. S. Meek Coll.).

5 9,3 2 ; Mt. Goliath, about 5000 ft., Jannary and February 1911. (Nos. 5086,

5142, 5189, 5221, 5341, 5363, 5364, 5458, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“ Tris dark brown ; bill black; feet slaty-blue.”

This form is nearest to If g. fumigatus A. B. Meyer, from British New

Guinea, but differs in having the hindneck and back deep brownish black, instead

of blackish olive, in having darker centres to the feathers of the breast, and being

slightly larger. The typical gymnops has a totally different underside. Wing in

the males up to 117, in the females 109-111 mm.

Vv 190. Timeliopsis fulvigula meyeri (Salvad.).

(Euthyrhynchus axct.).

[Buthyrhynchus fulvigula Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierkunde iv. p. 40 (1871—New Guinea. Types

from the Arfak region).]

Euthyrhynchus fulvigula meyeri, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 451.

3 3; Mt. Goliath, January, February 1911. (Nos. 5138, 5229, 5300,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris light yellowish brown, dull brownish yellow, pale chocolate ; bill dark

horn-colonr ; feet dull slaty-blue.”

These specimens agree with ours from British New Guinea, but we have no

examples from the Arfak region. Wings 77 to 79°5 mm.

Y 191. Ptilotis diops Salvad.

Ptilotis diops Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova xxxix, (ser, 2. vol, xix) p. 581 (1899 —“ Hab, in

Nova Guinea orientali-meridionali, ad ripas flaminis Purari ”).

3? ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 8. vii., 11. x. 1910. (Nos. 4317, 4976,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“ Tris dark brown ; bill black ; feet pale slaty-blue.”

We have also received a male from the Aicora River, near the frontier of

German New Guinea, in the utmost N.E. of British New Guinea.

192. Ptilotis erythropleura lorentzi Oort.

[Ptilotis erythropleura Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova vii. 1875. p. 949—Arfak.]

Ptilotis erythropleura lorentzi van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr. i, p, 95 (1909—Hellwig

Mountains).

Ptilotis praecipua nigritergum Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club xxix, p, 35 (January 1911—

Mt, Goliath),

36,2 9; Mt. Goliath, January 1911. (Nos. 5089, 5108, 5148, 5449, 5450,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

When describing P. praecipua nigritergqum we were not acquainted with

P. erythropleura from Artak, and thus it happened that we overlooked the fact

(518 )

that the new form had already been described by Dr. van Oort. Dr. van Oort has

compared our specimens with his series and finds them perfectly similar.

Thus P. erythropleura consists at present of three distinct subspecies :

1. Ptilotis erythropleura erythropleura Salvad.: Arfak.

2. Ptilotis erythropleura praecipua Hart.: Mountains of British New Guinea.

(Cf. Nor. Zool. 1897. p. 870, 1903. p. 4438.)

3. Ptilotis erythropleura lorentzi Oort: Hellwig and Goliath Mountains in

Central Dutch New Guinea.

“ Tris green ; bill black; feet slaty-blue.” Wings, ¢ 97-100, ? 87-90 mm.

/193. Ptilotis cinerea marmorata Sharpe.

CE£. Ptilotis cinerea, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 444.

3 ? ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., October, November 1910. (Nos. 4852, 4929,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

In 1903 we have shown that P. marmorata is the same species as P. cinerea,

but now, though we are badly in want of fresh material from the Arfak region,

we consider that two subspecies, P. cinerea cinerea and P. cinerea marmorata,

should be distinguished. he Arfak form is browner, less olive, on the upperside,

and the juvenile plumage is more uniform in the latter, a little more spotted in

P. ¢. marmorata.

/ 194. Ptilotis chrysotis saturatior Rothsch. & Hart.

Ptilotis chrysotis saturatior Rothschild & Hartert, Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 445 (Aru Islands).

Ptilotis chrysotis filigera van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr. i, p. 97 (1909—Noord River,

Sabang, Alkmaar, Resi Mountains).

2 ; Upper Hilanden River, 7. iti. 1911. (No. 5496, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

35,1 2%; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4262, 4302, 4315, 4340,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

1 3, 2 ¢ ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., September and October 1910. (Nos.

4722, 4819, 4908, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

We cannot separate these birds from P. c. saturatior of the Aru Islands, while

we find them distinctly browner than P. c. filigera, less greenish on the upperside,

especially the rump, darker on the crown and generally more uniform on the

underside. In the mountains of British New Guinea the species is represented by

P. chrysotis visi Hart.

J 195. Ptilotis aruensis aruensis Sharpe.

Ptilotis aruensis Sharpe, Zool. Coll. Alert p. 19 (1884—Arn).

Piilotis aruensis aruensis Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 442.

Ptilotis flavirictus van Oort (non Salvadori!) Nova G'uinea ix., Zool., livr. i. p. 96 (1909—

Noord River).

2 gd ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 9. vii, 9. viii. 1910, (Nos, 4333, 4486,

A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

These two skins agree perfectly with typical aruensis. We do not know why

Dr. van Oort preferred the name /lavirictus for P. aruensis. We have, through the

kindness of Dr. Gestro, been able to compare the type of P. flavirictus, which has

indeed nothing to do with P. aruensis, but which we consider to be merely

young P. analoga !

(517)

/ 196. Ptilotis analoga analoga Rchb.

Ptilotis analoga Reichenbach, Handb, spec. Orn. “ Meropinae,” p. 103. pl. 467 (1852—Ex “ Ptilotis

analogue ” Hombronand Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud, pl. xvii. Terra typica: ‘‘ W. coast of New

Guinea ”’).

Ptilotis analoga analoga Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 441.

“ @.” but obviously ?, the wing measuring only 76 mm.; Merauke, 4. vi. 1910

(A. 8. Meek Coll., without number).

o jun.; Snow Mountains, 2. ix. 1910. (No. 4698, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

Through the kindness of Professor Trouessart we have been able to compare

the type of the “ Ptilotis analogue,’ which is also the type of Ptélotis similis

Jacquinot and Pucheran, and of P. analoga Reichenbach, and we find it to agree

with the birds we used to call Ptilotis analoga. The wings of the males measure

apparently 80-87 and sometimes even 90 mm., those of the females 72-77 mm.

We say “ apparently,” as so many of our birds are evidently wrongly sexed, that

we had to correct the sexes in many cases, but in any case the wings vary from 72

to 87, and even 90 mm,

With these birds, the real P, analoga analoga, we used to unite the Cape York

bird, z.e. Gould’s P. notata, but this was not correct.

The Cape York Peninsula is inhabited by birds with much stouter beaks and

feet and an indistinctly streaked or mottled, not quite uniform, under-surface ; the

feathers have grey shaft-stripes. The wings measure: 80-87 mm., those with wings

of 80-82 evidently being females, those with 87 males. This is Gould’s P. notata,

and it must be kept separate, though we are by no means sure that it is a subspecies

of analoga, and it will be safer not to call it so at present.

Together with Ptilotis notata we find a smaller form, Gould’s P. gracilis,

which differs from P. notata by its smaller size, finer bill and feet, a uniferm under-

side and paler upper surface. The wings measure, ¢ 76, females 70-72 mm.

These birds must be a subspecies of P. analoga. They are, in fact, in some cases

almost indistingnishable, though it seems that they are generally paler on the

upperside, and never reach the size of adult males of P. analoga.

/ 197. Ptilotis mimikae Grant.

Ptilotis mimikae Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. B. O. Club xxix. p. 27 (Mimika River, foot of Snow

Mountains),

3d, ?, $ immat. ; Snow Mountains, October 1919. (Nos. 4850, 4869, 4900,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

1d ad., 2 2 ad., 1 2 immat.; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4294,

4332, 4356, 4357, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“ Tris dark brown or ashy grey ; bill black ; feet slaty-blue.”

These birds are curiously near to P. oréentalis A. B. Meyer, but differ by their

larger size and comparatively stouter and less elongated bills. The wings of our

adult males measure only 785 and 88 mm., while that of the (apparently excep-

tionally large) ¢ from the Upper Aroa River (cf. Nov. Zool. 1907, p. 482) has a

wing of 96 mm., but Mr. Ogilvie-Grant measures the wings of his male examples

81-91 mm.

We have also received two females from the Upper Setekwa River, 4. and 12. vii.

1910 (Nos. 4273 and 4345, A. 8. Meek Coll.). Both areapparently not quite adult.

They agree with the females of Ptilotis mimihkae in size, colour of upperside and

(518 )

wings, but are not quite so distinctly mottled underneath; this latter may be dune

to their immaturity. Both these birds have, however, the auricular patch and

subocular line white, instead of yellow. These specimens are probably aberrations of

P. mimikae. They do not have the heayy bills, brown outer webs to the primaries

and tail, and brownish upperside of Pcilotis montana, which appears to have always

white or whitish yellow auricular patches. We know, however, that among Péilotis

analoga sometimes aberrations with white, instead of yellow, auricular patches occur,

the so-called albonotata of Salvadori. We are, therefore, of opinion that the skins

Nos. 4273 and 4345 are aberrational Péilotis mimikae, and nothing else.

, 198. Ptilotis orientalis A. B. Meyer.

Ptilotis orientalis A, B. Meyer, Journ. f. Orn. 1894. p. 92 (S.E. New Guinea, exact locality not

known).

Piilotis analoga orientalis Rothsvhild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 441.

1 3, 2 % ; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 3000 feet, August and October 1910,

(Nos. 4639, 4893, 4910, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris light bluish grey, steel grey, light brown ; bill black; feet pale blue or

slaty blue.”

We had also a dozen skins from Avera and Bihagi on the Upper Aroa and

Mambare Rivers, which, by some oversight, were not mentioned in our lists in

Nov. Zool. 1907 and 1912.

The wings of the males measure 75—76°5, those of the females 695—

72 mm.

Formerly we thought that Ptilotes orientalis was a subspecies of Ptilotis

analoga, bat this idea was no doubt erroneous, as both species occur together in

several places, and the mottled underside, thin, comparatively elongated bill, and

small size, distinguish P. orentalis rather conspicuously.

{In Bull. B.O, Club xxix. p. 28, Mr. Ogilvie-Grant gave a short review of the

species of Ptilotis of the group similar to Ptilotis analoga. According to this

review it would appear that the status of these birds is exceedingly simple ; which,

however, is by no means the case. It is, nevertheless, trne that in many parts of

New Guinea, as in Queensland, a smaller species occurs side by side with a larger

one with stouter bill.

Thus we have in Queensland P. notata and P. gracilis, in the Snow

Mountains and parts of the mountains of British New Guinea P. mimikae and

P. orientalis, Among all our analoga from N.W. New Guinea, however, we have

not found specimens of the smaller form ; and also from the Ara Islands we have,

apart from P. arwensis, received only typical P. analoga, and the small specimens

from those isles which we have received we consider to be females of P. analoga,

which are, indeed, hardly distinguishable from the males of P. gracilis, though

generally a little darker. Dr. van Oort, however, gives Aru also as the habitat of

gracilis, Formerly we have treated P. notata as a subspecies of P. analoga, and

P. gracilis as a distinct species. We think now that this view, which is also so

far shared by Mr, Mathews, should be modified ; that P. gracilis should be treated

as a subspecies of analoga, and notata as another species. The reason for this is

that the stout bills, mottled (almost striped) underside and paler upper surface of

P. notata separate it well from P. analoga, while, on the other hand, P. gracilis is

hardly separable from analoga except by size, unless it be by its paler upperside.

egy =

ELE LAG ELLA LD EH

(519 )

We are now acquainted with the following forms of the species P. analoga and

its allied forms:

1. Ptilotis analoga analoga: New Guinea, Islands in the Geelvink Bay,

Batanta, Mysol, Waigin (teste Salvadori), Aru Islands (Wokam, Kobroor,

Trangan !).

2. Ptilotis analoga longirostris Grant (Ptilotis longirostris Ogilvie-Grant, Bull.

B.O. Club xxix. p. 27, November 1911, Wamma, Aru Islands, A. R. Wallace

Coll.). Mr. Ogilvie-Grant compared his P. longirostris with P. aruensis, but it is

not an ally of the latter. In fact, it is nothing but a P#lotis analoga with a longer

bill ; culmen 26 mm. from the forehead, which is only 2 mm. more than in many

P. a. analoga. As P. analoga with bill of the usual length oceurs on Wokam,

Kobroor, and Trangan, it is not very probable that the little island of Wamma

should have a specialised form, but it is, of course, possible. The unusual length

of the bill was already noticed on the label by Dr. Wallace, who, however, did not

at that time separate P. arwensis.

/ 3. Ptilotis (analoga?) gracilis Gould: North Queensland—I have already

given my reasons for considering that this must be a representative in North

Queensland of P. analoga. If it should be true that P. gracilis occurs side by side

with axaloga in New Guinea and Aru, it would be treated as another species, but I

am inclined to think that what Mr. Ogilvie-Grant and Dr. van Oort call P. gracilis

in New Guinea are small females of P. analoga analoga.

4, P. (analoga?) vicina Rothsch. & Hart., Nov. Zool. 1912, p. 203, described

from the Sudest Islands. This bird has the strong bill of notata and aruensis,

while the coloration of the underside and rump is exactly like that of P. analoga ;

the greyish forehead is quite peculiar.

5. Ptilotis notata Gould: North Queensland. See remarks anted.—Mr.

Mathews (Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 403) separates further a P. analoga mixta and

P. gracilis imitatrix which I cannot at present discuss; I am therefore awaiting

a fuller description and statement about the material on which these forms were

based.

6. P. orientalis A. B. Meyer: Mountains of British Papua and Snow Monun-

tains. See antei, No. 198.

7. P. mimikae Grant: the same distribution as P. ordentalis.

8. P. aruensis aruensis Sharpe: Aru Islands and Snow Mountains.

9. P. aruensis sharpei Rothsch. & Hart.: New Guinea. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903,

p. 442.

10. P. montana: Dutch and German New Guinea, and Aicora River, in the

N.E. corner of British Papua, near the German frontier (Arfak, Kapaur, Sattel-

berg).— Ernst Hartert. |

» 199. Motacilla boarula melanope Pall.

{ Motacilla boarula Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum, p. 527 (1771—Habitat in Huropa. Restricted

terra typica: Sweden. Description only referable to this bird, but quotations and biologica

mixed). |

Motacilla Melanope Pallas, Reise d. versch. Prov, d. Russ, Reichs, iii, p. 696 (1776—“ In Daouria

cirea ripas glareosas”’).

53%; Upper Setekwa River, November 1911. (Nos. 4959, 4960, 4970, 4990,

5000, A. S. Meek Coll.)

(520 )

J = Dearne

200. Munia tristissima Wall.

Munia tristissima Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1865. p. 479 (N.W. Peninsula of New Guinea).

732; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4439, 4453, 4463,

4464, 4465, 4466, 4467, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet slaty blue.”

We have also two skins from Dorey, one from the hills near Humboldt Bay,

and five from the Kumusi River in the northernmost part of north-eastern British

New Guinea.

J 201. Gymnocorvus senex (Less.).

C£. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 91; van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix. i. p. 99.

6; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 3. xi.1910. (No. 4949, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris light blue; feet chalk white; bill flesh-colour.”

Vv 202. Phonygammus keraudrenii keraudrenii (Less. & Garn.).

Barita Keraudrenii Lesson and Garnier, Ferussac’s Bull. Sci. Nat. et Géol. viii. p. 110 (1826—New

Guinea ; terra typica Dorey); ef. Nov. Zool. 1903. pp. 86, 87; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix.

Zool. i. p. 104.

3 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 30. vii. 1910. (No. 4449, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

1 2 ad., 2 2 jun., 1 2 juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August—October 1910,

(Nos. 4612, 4690, 4811, 4823, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3g ad.; Bilanden River, 16. xii. 1910. (No. 5075, A. S. Meek Coll.)

? juv.; Upper Hilanden River, 4. iii, 1911. (No. 5476, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 No. 5075 is slightly smaller than d 4449.

(Mr. Ogilvie-Grant records P. heraudrenii jamesi as obtained by the Good-

fellow expedition, but our specimens do uot belong to that form.)

A character hitherto not mentioned by us is the greater length and width of

the hackles on the neck and breast in P. h. james?.

| 203. Manucodia chalybata orientalis Salvad.

Cf. Nov, Zool, 1903. p. 85; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 103.

4 dad, 12 ad, 2 6,12 jun.; Snow Mountains, 2000, 2500, 3000 ft.,

August—November 1910. (Nos. 4559, 4597, 4856, 4937, 4952, 4958, 4603, 4716,

A. S. Meek Coll.)

204. Manucodia chalybata ?

3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 15. xi.1910. (No. 5002, A. S. Meek Coll.)

This specimen is not quite adult, and differs from our immature examples

of MV. chalybata orientalis in the absence of the velvety terminal bars to the dorsal

feathers, thus giving the appearance of the back of Manucodia atra, though of —

a glossy purple, not greenish blue colour. Whether this is merely an abnormal

specimen, or a hybrid, cannot be decided from this single specimen.

[Manucodia jobiensis Salvadori was treated as a subspecies by one of us in the

Ibis, 1911, p. 367, but the Goodfellow expedition obtained both J. chalybata

orientalis and jobiensis at Pariman, therefore we must return to the former view,

that M. chalybata and jobiensis are good species, Cf. Tierreich, Paradiseidae, :

pp. 44, 45, and ov, Zool. 1903, p. 86. ]

( 521 )

/ 205. Manucodia atra atra (Less.).

Cf. Nov. Zovl. 1903. p. 84; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 104,

3? ad, % jun.; Upper Setekwa River, 14, 20. vii. 1910. (Nos. 4361, 4396,

4397, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

J 206. Paradisea apoda novaeguineae Alb. & Salvad.

Paradisea apoda var. novaeguineae @ Albertis and Salvadori, Ann. Mus, Genova xiv. p. 96 (1879—

Fly River) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 103.

3d juv.,2 2 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, July to November 1910, (Nos. 4288,

4400, 4418, 4525, 4981, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

vs 207. Cicinnurus regius regius (L.).

Paradisea regia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x. i, p. 10 (1758—“ India orient.” !) ; ef. van Oort, Nova

Guinea ix,, Zool, i. p. 102.

3? juv.; Upper Setekwa River, 15.ix.1910, 13. xi.1910. (Nos. 4548, 4988,

A. S. Meek Coll.)

¢ juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 11. x.1910. (No. 4813, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

208. Diphyllodes magnificus magnificus (Penn.).

Paradisea magnifica Pennant, in Forster’s Zool, Ind. p. 40 (1781—No definite locality) ; cf. van

Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 102.

2g ad.,1 ¢ juv., 3 2; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., July—October 1910.

(Nos. 4552, 4604, 4642, 4712, 4716, 4919, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The two adult males have the inner secondaries exactly alike and of a dull

orange, They agree thus fairly well with the brighter specimens of our series

of what we call typical magnificus. Males obtained by the Goodfellow expedition

are called chrysoptera by Mr. O.-Grant (t.c, p. 271). Typical chrysoptera from Jobi

are, however, much brighter and darker orange on the inner secondaries; in fact,

except for having fuscous instead of rufous brown crowns, they are quite comparable

with hunsteini.

Lesson’s name “ seleucides” appears on p. 16 of his “ Paradiseidae,” and

on the same page, under the genus Diphyllodes, he distinctly states that his genus

contains only a single species. Onp.191 Lesson calls the birds figured on plates 19

and 20 D. magnificus, while the same plates were quoted on p. 16 as D. seleucides.

It is therefore quite clear that the name sedeuctdes was only a new name for

magnificus ; and it is thus impossible to use the names magnificus and seleucides for

two different forms. Should it become necessary, when more material with exact

localities and dates comes to hand, to separate the birds with dull orange inner

secondaries from those with clay-coloured ones, the latter will have to receive

a new name,

209. Astrapia splendidissima Rothsch.

Astrapia splendidissima Rothschild, Nov. Zool. ii. p. 59. pl. 5 (1895).

The adult males differ from our trade-skins from Dutch New Guinea in the

following points :

/ The green of the head and neck above lacks the golden gloss and is more

Dluish. The throat and lower neck are more bluish and less golden; the metallic

( 522 )

red jugular band and line on each side of the throat are much more coppery,

less crimson, the green of the breast and abdomen is mnch less yellowish. These

differences, however, are not likely to be of any taxonomic value, as the colour —

of metallic parts varies much according to treatment—carbolic acid, for example,

altering them completely, also the process of roasting the skins over fire, which

is apparently resorted to by many Papuans.

2¢ad,4d juv., 6 2; Mount Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January and

February 1911. (Nos, 5127, 5128, 5139, 5150, 5268, 5269, 5271, 5318, 5889, 5431,

5463, A. 8. Meek Coll., one without label.)

“Tris black ; bill black ; feet slaty-blue.”

’ 210, Faleinellus striatus atratus Rothsch, & Hart.

Faleinellus striatus atratus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool, 1911, p. 160 (Mt. Goliath, A. S. Meek

Coll., type in Tring Museum).

1g ad. 2¢ juv., 3 $ ad, 1 ¢ poll.; Mt. Goliath, January and February —

1911. (Nos. 5100, 5126, 5806, 5369, 5370, 5413, 5401, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

A second adult male has been presented by Mr, A. 8. Meek to the Governor-

General of the Dutch East Indies.

./ 211. Seleucides ignotus ignotus (Forst.).

Paradisea ignota Forster, Ind. Zool, pp. 31, 36 (1781—New Guinea) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix.

Zool. i, p. 101, :

3 juv.; Upper Setekwa River, 21. vii. 1910. — (No, 4403, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

6 ad. in moult, ¢ juyv.; Hilanden River, 15, 21. xii.1910. (Nos. 5072, 5084,

A. S. Meek Coll.)

212. Ptiloris magnificus (Vieill.).

Faleinellus magnificus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist, Nat. xxviii. p. 167. pl. G.39. fig. 3 (1819).

3? ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 29. vii., 2. vili. 1910. (Nos. 4448, 4468,

A. 8. Meek Coll.)

3 juv., 3 2 ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., September to November 1910.

(Nos. 4695, 4719, 4823, 4950, A. S. Meek Coll.)

3 ad., dS juv.; Upper Hilanden River, 3.iii.1911. (Nos. 5471, 5472, A. S.

Meek Coll.)

213. Pteridophora alberti A. B. Meyer.

Pteridophora alberti A. B. Meyer, Bull, B.O. Club iv. p. 11 (1894— East of Ambernoh River,”

according to Mr. Duivenbode) ; van Oort, Notes Leyden Museum xxx, p. 241,

3 in full moult, with blue appendages only an inch long ; Mt. Goliath, 6,11, 1911.

(No. 5319, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris brown; bill black; feet dark brown.”

J 214, Lophorina superba minor Rams. (?).

Lophorina superba minor Ramsay, Proe. Linn. Soc. N, S. Wales x. p. 245 (1885—Owen Stanley

Mountains, Haustein leg.).

? juv.; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 19. x. 1910. (No. 4858, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris pale steel-blue ; bill black ; feet vandyke brown.”

This is the youngest Lophorina we have seen; the head is not black, but.

( 523 )

brown, and both crown and neck are spotted with pale yellow ; the underside is

brownish buff, not greyish white. The back is still less brown, a little more olive-

grey than in our youngest L. s. minor. It would, therefore, be most desirable to

examine adult males and females from this region, as there might exist small

differences from typical minor.

215. Parotia carolae carolae A. B. Meyer (?).

Parotia carolae A. B, Meyer, Bull, B. O. Club iv. p. 6 (1894—“ N.W, New Guinea,” but described

from trade-skins without locality) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 102.

2 2; Mt. Goliath, 6, 7. ii 1911. (Nos. 5317, 5326, A. S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris silvery and ashy grey; bill black ; feet black and dark brown.”

Until we have seen males from Mt. Goliath, we shall not be certain whether

these birds belong to P. c. carolae or berlepschi, but they are certainly more grey,

less olive, than our females of meek.

! 216, Parotia carolae meeki Rothsch.

Parotia carolae meeki Rothschild, Bull. B. O. Club xxvii. p. 35 (1910—Snow Mountains).

1 dad. 3 % ad, 3 ¢ imm.; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., August to November,

1910. (Nos. 4558, 4610, 4846, 4896, 4913, 4914, 4951, A. S. Meek Coll.)

The iris of the adult male is described as “ lemon yellow.”

The old male after all differs from that of P. c. carolae only in having a black

chin, upper throat and cheeks.

Vo] 7. Paradigalla brevicauda Rothsch. & Hart.

Baradigalia brevicauda Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1911. p. 159 (Mt. Goliath, collected by

A.S. Meek. Type in Tring Museum) ; Rothschild, bis 1912. p. 109. pl. ii.

7d ad, 3d jun, 5d juv., 4 ¢ ad.; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft.

January and February 1911. (Nos. 5099, 5120, 5123, 5124, 5145, 5164, 5183, 5191,

4220, 5123, 5247, 5250, 5322, 5323, 5340, 5357, 5428, 5462, 5467, A. S. Meek

Coll.) ;

| 218. Loboparadisea sericea Rothsch.

Loboparadisea sericea Rothschild, Bull. B. O, Club vi, p. 15 (1896—* North coast of New Guinea”

—from hearsay, exact locality not known. Figured Nov. Zool. 1897, pl. 2).

3%; Mount Goliath, 29.1, 4,13. 11.1911. (Nos. 5235, 5299, 5375, A. S.

Meek Coll.)

“ Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”

We have no donbt that these must be females of a Loboparadisea very closely

allied to L. sericea, and probably of the latter, but until males from Mt. Goliath are

examined, we cannot be absolutely certain. ‘There is no turned-up wattle as in the

male, but between the nostrils and the lores is an area of soft skin, and a narrow

line of feathers runs up from each nostril to the forehead. The colour from the

forehead to beyond the middle of the back is brownish olive (instead of yellowish

chestnut), lower back and ramp lemon-yellow with olive markings on the middle of

some feathers ; upper tail-coverts rufous-olive. Tail deep rafous-brown (instead of

bright rufons). Under-surface lemon instead of golden yellow. Wings 96-99 mm.,

while the wings of the four males now in the Tring Museum measure from 90 to 98 mm.

( 524 )

219. Loria loriae Salvad.

Loria loriae Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Genova, ser. 2 ; vol. xiv. p. 151 (1884—Moroka district, Owen

Stanley Mountains).

8 dad., 2d jun.,4 d juv., 8 2 ad.,2 2 jun.; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft.,

Jannary and February 1911. (Nos. 5090, 5114, 5125, 5149, 5234, 5256, 5272, 5283,

5291, 5305, 5316, 5327, 53828, 5335, 5336, 5337, 5359, 5372, 5401, 5402, 5430, 5456,

5457, 5467, A. S. Meek Coll.)

6 ad.: “ Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.” (Females similar.)

V [220. Xanthomelus aureus ardens D’Alb. & Salvad.

Xanthomelus ardens D?Albertis and Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova xiv. p. 113 (1879—Fly

River) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 100, pl. iii, (1909—Sabang).

Meek failed to secure this bird either on the Oetakwa, Setekwa, or Hilanden

Rivers. Up to the year 1907—so for twenty-eight years—this very fine form was

only known from the mutilated type, a native skin wanting the whole under-surface

throat and cheeks, and the perfect young male killed by D’Albertis. In 1907

Dr. H. A. Lorentz, when exploring the Noord River in 8.W. Dutch New Guinea,

was able to collect two adult males, which at once showed by their red (not black)

cheeks and the absence of the black on the throat that the form was much more

distinct from X. aureus aureus than we had hitherto thought. In 1910-11 the

B. O. U. Expedition under Mr. Goodfellow procured seven specimens on the

Waitakwa River, an affluent—like the Setekwa—of the Oetakwa River. Of these

/ three were adult males, one an adult female, and three immature males.

The adult male, which on the upperside agrees with the type, has the

secondaries more narrowly (half-inch) tipped with black and a single black spot at

the end of the longest tertial ; the second male has the two longest tertials three-

parts black and the secondaries broadly tipped with black; but the third male,

while having the secondaries and tertials as in No. 1, has black lores and a black

patch on each side of the throat, and the bill also is larger and blacker.

The male of X. a. ardens differs from aureus aureus by the more slender

and not blackish bill by the head and mantle being fiery red instead of orange,

and by having all the secondaries broadly tipped with black, instead of a narrow

black terminal line on the outer three, or narrow black tips only to the outer

four or five ; the throat is yellow and the lores and cheeks fiery red instead of deep

black. The females and young males differ in being much more olivaceous grey-

brown, not deep umber-brown on the upperside ; the throat is white cinnamon-buff

and the cheeks and sides of neck greyish earth-brown, instead of pale and dark

umber-brown ; on the upper breast the transverse lunulated bands are much less

pronounced or entirely absent instead of being strongly marked.

The black lores and throat-patches in the third adult male of Mr. Goodfellow

show that I was quite right in placing X. ardens as a subspecies of X. aureus aureus.

I fee] that the followers of the more modern systems of nomenclature must make a

stand against the tendency of certain authors to continue to treat as species all the

forms of fine brilliant families like the Paradiseidae and only to treat allied forms

of inconspicuous families as subspecies. The genus Xanthomelus has not yet been

found in German New Guinea nor in the North Coast Region. The figure of the

adult male of X. a. ardens in Sharpe’s Monograph of the Paradiseidae is entirely

fictitious as regards the underside.— Walter Rothschild. ]

ll deel od.’

italien eae

(525 )

221. Amblyornis inornatus musgravii Goodwin.

[Ptilonorhynchus inornatus Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 51 (1873—Arfak).]

Amblyornis musgravii Goodwin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889. p. 451 (Mt. Musgrave; attempt to

diagnose).

Amblyornis musgravianus Goodwin, vis, 1890. p. 153 (Mount Musgrave).

Amblyornis macgregoriae de Vis, Report on British New Guinea 1888-89, App. C. pp. 113, 115

(1890—Mount Musgrave).

? ad. ; Snow Mountains, 23. x. 1910. (No. 4876, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

36,6 2 ad.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5096, 5113,

5259, 5260, 5331, 5373, 5879, 5468, 5469, A. S. Meek Coll.)

6 ad: “Tris dark brown; bill black above, horn-colour beneath ; feet dark

slate.”

When one of us wrote the Paradiseidae, in No. 2 of the Tierreich, he united the

form from British New Guinea with the typical A. 7vornatus from Arfak, the adult

male of which was unknown till 1894. He did this on the comparison of the orange

erests as, at the time, the small number of specimens available made the more

tufous shade of the Arfak birds appear a doubtful character. As we now have ten

adult males and eight males withont crests and females from the Arfak region, and

fifteen adult.males and fourteen females or males without crests from British New

Guinea, the Snow Mountains and Mt. Goliath for comparison, it is clear that the

Arfak birds have a decidedly more rufous tinge above and below, while those from

the other localities are more olive above and duller below. Therefore we are of the

opinion that these forms should be separated as subspecies.

Tn October 1910 Amblyornis subalaris germanus from the Rawlinson Mountains

was described (Bull. B. O. Club, xxvii. p. 13). The chief reason for treating it as

a subspecies of A, swhalaris was the small size and an imperfect and distorted crest

ofa male. Later on we received a full-plumaged male, which distinctly proves that

germanus is a form of A. inornata and not of subalaris, being distinguished from

A. inornata musgravii by its still more accentuated olive shade as well as its small

size.

Thus the genus Amélyornis consists now of the following forms :

1. Amblyornis subalaris Sharpe: British New Guinea.

2. 5 flavifrons Rothsch.: Dutch New Guinea.

3. inornatus inornatus (Schleg.) : Arfak Peninsula.

4, . inornatus musgravii Goodwin: Central Dutch and British New

Guinea, as far north as Mt. Batchelor on the British frontier of German New Guinea

(dad. in the Munich Mnseum examined, for the loan of which we are obliged to

Mr. Hellmayr).

5, Amblyornis inornatus germanus Rothsch. : Rawlinson Mountains, Huon Gulf,

German New Guinea.

J 222. Ailuroedus melanotis melanocephalus Rams.

Aeluroedus melanocephalus Ramsay, Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, viii. p, 25 (1883—Owen Stanley

Range).

23, 42%; Snow Mountains, 2000 to 3000 ft., August to November 1910.

(Nos. 4577, 4601, 4650, 4727, 4854, 4948, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

“Tris red ; feet and bill pale slaty-blue.”

( 526 )

223. Ailuroedus buccoides buccoides (Temm.).

Kitta buccoides Temminck, Pl. Col. 575 (1835—Lobo Bay).

Ailuroedus buccoides v. Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 99 (1909—Noord River, Sabang,

Alkmaar).

3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 4. vii. 1910 (No. 4272, A. S. Meek Coll.)

23; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 3. ix. 1910, 9. x. 1910. (Nos. 4705, 4807,

A.S. Meek Coll.)

9 ; Upper Eilanden River, 3. iii. 1911. (No. 5470, A. 8. Meek Coll.)

“Tris red ; bill and feet pale blue.” 4

It has remained for Dr. van Oort, with the aid of Temminck’s type and

the specimens collected by Dr. H. A. Lorentz, to discover that the “Cat-Birds ”

hitherto identified as the “ Attta buccoides” of Temminck are not that form. The

true Az. buccoides buccoides is evidently confined to the coasts and hinterland of

Southern Dutch New Guinea ; it differs from the birds of North-west New Guinea

and adjacent islands by its much smaller beak, deeper brownish buff underside, and

somewhat smaller black spots, though the latter are not nearly so small as in A?.

buccoides stonii, and extend over the sides of abdomen and flanks; the crown of the

head is apparently never so deep brown as in adalt stoniz.

The result of this discovery of Dr. van Oort’s, which is strikingly confirmed by

our specimens, is, that A?. buccoides auctoram from N.W. Guinea and adjacent

islands is without a name. We propose to call it

Ailuroedus buccoides oorti

after Dr. van Oort of Leiden.

Type: “2°; Waigiu, 24. xii. 1902, John Waterstradt Coll. in the Tring

Museum.

In Pygmies and Papuans, p. 273, Mr. Ogilvie-Grant named specimens collected

by the Goodfellow expedition “ Atluroedus stonei” ; this was evidently caused by the

dark underside of the specimens as compared with our Az. 4. oorti.

J 224, Oriolus striatus Quoy & Gaim.

Oriolus striatus Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe i. p. 191, pl. ix. fig. 2(1830—Dorey, New Guinea) ;

ef, Nov. Zool. 1903. p, 111.

3 3; Upper Setekwa River, August, September, November 1910. (Nos. 4977,

4546, 4481, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

3 ; Upper Hilanden River, 4. iii. 1911. (No. 5478, A. S. Meek Coll.)

xf 225. Melanopyrrhus anais orientalis (Schleg.).

Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 113; v. Oort, Nova Guinea ix. Zool. livr, i, p. 106.

14,3 2 ad.,1 ? juv.; Setekwa River, June and November 1910. (Nos.

4203, 4204, 4205, 4214, 4995, A. S. Meek Coll.)

1 d ad. : Upper Setekwa River, 14, xi. 1910. (No. 4994, A. S. Meek Coll.)

All the adult specimens have entirely orange-yellow crowns, while out of the

seventeen specimens mentioned in Vor. Zool. 1903. p. 113, only four have the crown

entirely orange-yellow, and these are all from Southern British New Guinea.

Although we have three specimens from British New Guinea with more or less

black on the occiput, should it be proved that the birds found north of the central

(527 )

mountain ranges always have black on the occiput, that form would have to be

called M. anais robertson’ VAlb. (Sydney Mail 1877. p. 247—1#este Salvadori,

Orn. Pap. ii. p. 463 !)

226. Mino dumontii Less.

‘Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 113.

?.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 30. ix. 1919. (No. 4757, A. S. Meek Coll.)

g 5 3 2 ; Lower and Upper Setekwa River, June and November 1910. (Nos.

4231, 4986, 4996, 5008, 5029, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)

Comparing these specimens with a series from North-Western New Guinea

(terra typica Dorey, Arfak), they are found to agree fairly well with the latter ;

their wings range from 140 to 150 mm., the females being smaller than the males ;

also Aru specimens agree fairly well with them, though their beaks are sometimes

yery small. There are, however, a number of specimens from Northern German

New Guinea (Friedrich-Wilhelm-Hafen) in the Tring Museum, which have

enormous bills, and wings from 150 to 160 mm. We would separate these, were

it not for one skin, which is quite small. We therefore prefer to await the

examination of a bigger series of well-sexed specimens, before creating a new name,

though we are certain that this will have to be done before long.

Al 227. Lamprocorax metallicus metallicus (Temm.).

(Calornis metallicus metallicus auct.)

Of, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 114; 1912. p. 311.

5 6 ? ad., 1 3 juv.; Lower Setekwa River, June and November 1910. (Nos.

4183, 4185, 5012, 5018, 5019, 5020, A. S. Meek Coll.)

| 228. Dicrurus bracteatus assimilis Gray.

Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. pp. 109. 110 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. Zool. i. p. 105.

63 %53 Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4274, 4311, 4319, 4824, 4342,

4352, A. S. Meek Coll.)

These specimens, like those recorded by Dr. van Oort from the Noord River,

Sabang, and other places, agree well with the Aru birds. Their wings measure

140 (2) to 150 (3) mm.

Vv 229, Chaetorhynchus papuensis Mey.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 110.

5 3,12; Snow Mountains, 2000 to 3000 ft., July, August, October 1910.

(Nos. 4554, 4561, 4568, 4571, 4572, 4865, A. S. Meek Coll.)

These specimens are quite typical, except that they possibly average smaller

than the Arfak race (terra typica Arfak!), but our Arfak material is too poor to

come to a conclusion about this fact. The wings of the Snow Mountains examples

measure 117-120°5 (males) and 109 (female) mm.

The specimens from British New Guinea are equally small, and—if separable—

would belong to the same race.

( 588 )

STPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY MR. ROBIN KEMP IN

TROPICAL AFRICA.

By Dr. K: JORDAN anv tar Hon. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A.

R. ROBIN KEMP collected mammals during the years 1910-11 in British

Kast Africa, Uganda, and the adjoining district of the Belgian Congo, and

sent us a large collection of parasites which he had secured from some of his

mammal captures. No real collection of the Ectoparasites of this district had

previously been made, so it is not surprising that the present collection contains

many interesting forms and new species.

Mr. Kemp secured thirty-nine species of Siphonaptera in all, of which twenty-

one are new. Several of these new species have been found on mammals with

fossorial habits, and their study has greatly assisted to correct the classification of

certain groups of fleas.

In the present paper we have separated some genera from Ctenophthalmus and

Leptopsylla, as a result of the investigation of certain of the species received from

Mr. Kemp.

Mr. Kemp’s collection comprises two new species of the genus Ctenocephalus

allied to the common dog-flea, These two—together with zollastoni and rosmarus,

also species from the Ethiopian region—are all the known members of the genus

Ctenocephalus (apart from canis and felis), and indicate that Africa is the real

home of this genus of fleas. Apart from the common C?. canis and felis, no

member of this genus is known from any country other than Africa.

In the case of two of the genera we have enumerated all the species known

from the Ethiopian region.

1. Echidnophaga larina Jord. & Roths. (1906).

Echidnophaga larina Jordan and Rothschild, in Thomps. Yates and Johnst. Labor, Rept. vii. 1.

p. 49. no. 3. t. 1. fig. 12, t. 2. fig. 18, t. 3. fig. 25 (1906) (Cape Colony, Somaliland, Abyssinia).

1 ? from Basso Nyiro, British Hast Africa, January 31, 1911.

4 2% from Masaka, Uganda, April 2, 1911, off a domestic dog.

2. Echidnophaga gallinaceus Westw. (1875).

Sarcopsyllus gallinaceus, Westwood, Ent. Mo. Mag. xi. p. 246 (1875) (Ceylon).

Echidnophaga gallinaceus, Jord. & Roths., l.c., p. 52, no. 5. t. 1. fig. 1, t. 2. fig. 14, t. 3. fig, 21, 6. 4

fig. 27 (1906) (tropical and subtropical districts of Asia and Africa, and Southern U.S.A.),

3 2% from Taveta, Kilimanjaro, May 12, 1910, off Mus rattus.

1 g from Nakuru, British East Africa, September 23, 1910, off Herpestes spec.

3. Echidnophaga aethiops Jord. & Roths. (1906).

Echidnophaga aethiops Jordan and Rothschild, /.c. p. 51. no. 4 (1906) (Namaqualand).

1 ¢ from Voi, British Hast Africa, April 13, 1910, off a bat.

The second segment of the maxillary pulpus is not quite so short in this

specimen as in the type, bat is nevertheless shorter than in 2. gallinaceus. The

hindcoxa, moreover, bears a larger number of spiniform bristles than the type

specimen. £. aethiops appears to be close to £. murina Tirab. (1903), which occurs

on rats in Italy.

{

(529 )

4. Pulex irritans L. (1758).

Pulex irritans Linué, Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 614. no. 1 (1758) (partim) ; Jord. & Roths., /.c. p. 7.

no. 1 (1906).

1 ? from the Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa; no host given.

1 ¢ from Gazi, British East Africa, August 12, 1910 ; caught in grass.

5. Xenopsylla somalicus Jord. & Roths. (1908).

Loemopsylla somalicus Jordan and Rothschild, Parasitology i. p. 37. no. 2. t. 3. fig, 8 (1908) (South

Somaliland).

The hindtibia bears usually one, occasionally two bristles on the outer surface,

but never a series, as in X. pallidus Tasch. (1880).

1 d and 1 ? from Voi, British East Africa, May 14, 1910.

1 d and 4 2? from Eusso Nyiro, British East Africa, January 28 and 29,

1911.

17 3 and 21 ¢? from Nyama Nyango, Eusso Nyiro, January 30, 1911.

494 and6 $ ? from Husso Nyiro, February 3, 1911.

Host: Xerus dabagala rufifrons, a squirrel.

6. Kenopsylla cheopis Roths. (1904).

Pulex cheopis Rothschild, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2). xiv. p. 85. no. 4. t. 1. fig. 3, 9, t. 2. fig. 12, 19 (1903)

(Shendi).

Loemopsylla cheopis, Jordan and Rothschild, Parasitology i. p. 4. no. 6. t. 1, t. 2. fig. 8, t. 4. fig. 8,

t. 6. fig. 1 (1908).

1 ? from Taveta, Kilimanjaro, May 10, 1910, off Paraxerus aruscensis.

1 3 and 20 ? ? from Nakura, British East Africa, September 22 and 24, 1910,

off Tachyoryctes spec.

2 $3 from Entebbe, Uganda, March 20, 1911, off the common brown rat.

2 gS and 1 2 from Rumrati, British Hast Africa, September 27, 1910, off

Arvicanthis massaicus.

1 3 from Basso Nyiro, British Hast Africa, January 24, 1911, off Thamnomys

spec. ;

7. Kenopsylla nubicus Roths. (1903).

Pulex nubicus Rothschild, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2). xiv. p. 84. no. 2, t. 2, fig. 10.16 (1903) (Shendi).

Loemopsylla nubicus, Jordan and Rothschild, /.c. p. 46. no. 8. t. 3. fig. 6, t. 4. fig. 6 (1908).

Xenopsylla nubicus, iid., Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 64. no. 5. text-fig. 1 (1911).

1 ? from Voi, British East Africa, April 16, 1910, off Tatera osgood?.

1 3 from Taveta, Kilimanjaro, May 26, 1910, off desert-rat.

8. Xenopsylla brasiliensis Baker (1904).

Pulex brasiliensis Baker, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvii. p. 379 (1904) (Siio Paulo).

Loemopsylla vigetus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xvi. p. 53. no. 1, t. 8. fig. 3. 4. (L909) (Niger).

Xenopsylla brasiliensis, Jordan & Rothschild, l.c. xviii. p..65. no, 6. text-fig. 4 (1911).

1 2 from Voi, British East Africa, April 12 and 16, 1910, off Tatera osgood?.

1d and 4 2? from Taveta, Kilimanjaro, May 12 and 24, 1910, off rats.

1% from Shimbo Hills, British Hast Africa, July 21, 1910, off Arvicanthis

dorsalis phocotis.

1d and 1 ? from Gazi, British East Africa, Angust 20, 1910, off Paraxerus

ATUBCENSLS.

( 530 )

13 from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 6, 1911, off Oenomys spec.

1g and 1 ? from Kigezi, Uganda, April 12, 1911, off Arvicanthis abyssinicus

rubescens.

1 2 from Naivasha, British East Africa, September 17, 1911, off the same host.

9. Xenopsylla niloticus Jord. & Roths. (1908) (text-figs. 1 and 2).

Loemopsylla niloticus Jordan and Rothschild, Parasitology i. p. 50. no, 12. t. 5, fig. 3(1908) (Upper

Egypt and Sudan).

The present series of specimens has drawn our attention to a rather striking

distinction of this species which we did not mention in our original description.

The eye of X. niloticus (text-fig. 1) is much smaller than in the allied species, even

being vestigial on one side of the head in one of the specimens obtained by

Mr. Kemp.

The genitalia of the ¢ ¢ appear to vary to some extent. The “finger”

is so much longer in one of the specimens than in the others that we thought

at the first the individual belonged to a distinct species. But as the specimen,

in other respects, has all the characteristics of X. nzloticus, we are inclined to

Fic. 1.—Head of Xenopsylla niloticus 8, Fic. 2.—Receptaculum seminis of X, niloticus,

consider it as an abnormal individual. The ninth abdominal sternite of the 3 also

varies, being broader at the apex in some examples than in others.

The receptaculum seminis has a very characteristic shape (text-fig. 2, taken,

like fig. 1, from a Sudanese specimen».

A series of both sexes from :

Voi, British Hast Africa, April 10 and 18, 1910, off Yatera mombasae and

Tatera nigricauda.

Kilimanjaro, May 12 to 16, 1910, off Tatera nigricauda.

Mt. Kenia, December 6, 1910, off Oenomys bacchante.

Nyama Nyango, Husso Nyiro, February 3, 1911, off Zatera nigricauda nyama.

10. Xenopsylla isidis Roths. (1903).

Pulex isidis Rothschild, Nov, Zool. x. p. 313, no, 2. t. 5. fig. 2. 5. 6 8 (1903) (Harar).

Loemopsylla isidis, Jordan & Rothschild, Parasitology i, p, 56. no. 16. t, 2. fig. 16, t. 4, fig. 11, t. 6.

fig. 3 (1908),

Xenopsylla isidis, iid., Mov. Zool. xviii. p. 65. no. 7 (1911).

43 and4 2 ? from Mt. Elgon, British East Africa, off Procavia daemon.

This is a new locality for the species.

( 531 )

11. Ctenocephalus conversus spec. nov. (text-figs. 3, 4, and 5).

3%. Mr. Kemp obtained both sexes of a species very closely allied to

Ct. wollastoni Roths. (1908), described from two do collected by Dr. A. F. R.

Fig, 3.—Ct. conversus 3.

Wollaston on the Ruwenzori Mts. The new species differs from wollastoni in the

genal comb only containing seven to nine spines instead of ten or eleven, and in

the shape and armature of the modified abdominal segments.

Fic. 4.—Ctenocephalus conversus.

3. The eighth sternite is less evenly rounded at the apex than in C7. wollaston:,

and bears a subapical row of four long and two shorter bristles (on each side)

( 532 )

besides two or three small ventral bristles (text-fig. 4). The large movable flap

of the clasper (F) is three times as long as it is broad at the widest point

(45 : 14), being longer and a little narrower than in wollastoni. The long

bristles situated on this flap are slightly less numerous than in wollastoni, and

the small bristles, of which there are ten to twelve in the middle area near the

dorsal margin on the inner surface of the flap in ewollastoni, are replaced in the

new species by two to four slender bristles. The ninth sternite, which is rounded

at the apex of the ventral arm in woldastoni, has this apex rounded dorsally,

but angulate ventrally in the new species (IX. st.). Moreover, the bristles on

this segment are much less numerous than in wollastoni.

?. The dilated ventral portion of the eighth tergite (text-fig. 5, VIII. t.) is

divided by a round apical sinus into a pointed upper lobe and a broader and

rounded lower one. The upper portion of this ventral lobe is internally incrassate,

and bears at the apical margin five thin bristles, of which two are short, and

near the margin on the outer surface a transverse row of four long ones. The

Vill.st.

Fie. 5.—Ctenocephalus conversus.

segment has, in addition, three bristles more proximal and more ventral in

position, and one long one further up the side. The eighth sternite, which

is small and elongate, does not bear any bristles. The stylet is very slender, —

conical, being four times as long as it is broad at the base. The receptaculum

seminis (R.S.) has a globular head, which is shorter than the tail.

Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 2°6 mm, ¢ 3°3 mm.

1 J (type) from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British East Africa, March 15,

1910, off Lophuromys testudo.

1 ? from Mutaragwa, March 17, 1910, off Dendrohyrax crawshay?.

1¢ from Mutaragwa, March 23, 1910, off Genetta stuhlmanni.

12. Ctenocephalus craterus spec. nov. (text-figs. 6, 7, and 8).

3%. A most interesting species, which connects the preceding one with

Ct. canis and felis. In the high head, the position of the eye, the length of the

maxillary and labial palpi, and the size of the antennae, Ct. craterus resembles

Ct. wollastoni and conversus, but it agrees with Ct. canis and felis in the position

( 533 )

and greater length of the genal spines, the presence of a spine at the apex of the

genal process, and the structure of the modified abdominal sezments.

Head.—The frons is not quite so abruptly rounded as in Ct. wollastoni and

conversus, but much the greater part of the anterior margin is nevertheless vertical

(do, text-fig. 6) or subvertical (?). An internal incrassation extends from the

oral frontal corner obliquely upward as in Ct. felis and canis, being, however,

much shorter in the ¢ of craterus than in those species. ‘The eye is well removed

from the genal comb, being placed at two-fifths of the distance from the comb to the

vertex. There are two long bristles on the frons, one before the eye and the other

near the oral frontal corner. The comb commences at this corner as in can/s and felis,

and consists of seven (rarely six) long and sharply pointed spines. The occiput

bears one long bristle behind the base of the antennal groove, a long and a short

one in the middle, and a row of four (on each side) near the apex. The ? has no

Fic. 6.—Ctenocephalus craterus 8.

small bristles above the antennal groove, while the d has here a row of about

fifteen. The rostrum reaches to the apical fourth of the forecoxa, the first segment

of the labial palpi being at least half as long again as segments 2 and 3 together.

Thorax.—The pronotum has a comb of sixteen to eighteen pointed spines, the

dorsal spines being slightly depressed. There is one row of bristles, containing

twelve on the two sides together, on all three thoracic nota. The mesonotum, in

addition, bears many small bristles at the base, arranged in one row laterally and

in several irregular rows dorsally, these bristles occurring dorsally in both sexes

from the base to near the row of long bristles. The mesopleura have six or seven

bristles, of which the one placed above the stigma is very long. The metepisternum

has one or two bristles (usually two) and the metepimeram twelve to sixteen in

two rows (6, 6—or 7, 6—or 8, 7—or 8, 8).

Abdomen.—In the ¢ the stigmata are as large as in the 3 of canis, being

slightly smaller in the d. ‘The tergites of ¢ and % bear one row of bristles con-

( 534 )

taining (on the two sides together) on the anterior segments ten to twelve and on

the posterior ones eight to ten bristles, the first tergite, however, having two rows

of four bristles. The antepygidial bristle is a very little shorter than the second

hindtarsal segment. The sternites have few bristles in both sexes, the numbers

being two to four in the d and three or four (rarely five) in the ?, segment VII. of

the ? usually having one or two more bristles than the preceding segments.

Legs.—The coxae are similar in shape to those of Cz. felis and canis. The

hindcoxa bears eleven to fifteen stout short spiniform bristles on the inner surface

and three bristles on the posterior apical lobe. The hindfemur has two subapical

ventral bristles on the outside and a row of three to five on the inner surface. The

hindtibia has five dorsal notches, exclusive of the apical one, and on the outer

surface a row of eight to ten bristles, besides six to eight placed along the anterior

edge. The longest apical bristle of the first hindtarsal segment often reaches to

the apex of the second segment, and the corresponding bristle of the second segment

mM,

Fic. 7.—Ctenocephalus eraterus.

frequently extends to the apex of the fourth. The measurements of the mid- and

hindtarsi are as follows :

Midtarsus: ¢ 21, 28, 18, 11,31; ? 27, 34, 20, 13, 35.

Hindtarsus: 3 59, 33, 21, 14, 33; 2 67, 39, 238, 16, 38.

The proportions vary a good deal in the specimens of different size.

Modified Segments—é. The eighth sternite (text-fig. 7) has an oblique sub-

apical row of three or four bristles and one ventral bristle, besides some minute

hairs. The internal portion of the ninth tergite is broader than long, being truncate,

with the upper angle about 90° and the lower angle very strongly rounded (IX. t.).

The manubrium (M) and the two flaps of the clasper bear a remarkably close

resemblance to these organs of Ct. canis. The bristles on the outer surface of the

large flap F! are more numerous and the small flap F’ is narrower than in canis.

The outline of the distal portion of the ninth sternite is so much obscured in the

specimen from which the figare is taken that we cannot make it out clearly——

9. The eighth tergite, which has no bristles above the stigma, bears from eight

( 585 )

to fourteen lateral bristles and on the outer side an apical row of eight or nine,

rarely as few as six, while there are on the inside three apical bristles and eight

somewhat stouter subapical ones. The stylet is strongly conical, being two and

a half times as long as it is broad at the base. The bristles of the anal sternite

are apical and subapical, as in canis and felis. The head of the receptaculum

~sVIILst.

Fic. 8.—Ctenocephalus craterus.

seminis (R.S.) is much shorter than the tail ; it is widest proximally and incurved

dorsally at a short distance from the tail.

Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 2°10 mm., ? 2-9 to 3°6 mm.

8 dd and 29 ?? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British East Africa,

March 15-17, 1910, off Dendrohyrax crawshayi.

1 ? from Mutaragwa, March 23, 1910, off Genette stuhlmanni.

- 1? from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts., February 27, 1910, off Arvicanthis

pumila,

The trne host appears to be Dendrohyrax crawshayi.

13. Ctenocephalus canis Curtis (1826).

Pulex canis Curtis, Brit, Ent. iii, No. 114. figs. A-E and 8 (1826) ; Roths., /.c. (1905).

63¢ and 13 ?? from Voi, British East Africa, April 27, 1910, off Canis

lateralis.

93d and 12 2 ? from Taveta, Kilimanjaro, May 5, 1910, off Lepus spec.

11 3¢ and 22 22 from Rumrati, British Hast Africa, October and November

1910, off Luxerus erythropus.

236 and 2 $$ from Rumrati, off Lpimys jacksoni.

( 536 )

14. Ctenocephalus felis Bonché (1835).

Pulex felix Bouché, Nova Acta Ac. Leop, Carol. xvii. p. 505. No. 4 (1835) ; Roths., Nov. Zool. xii.

p. 192 (1905) (differences between canis and felis).

3 3¢ from Eusso Nyiro, British East Africa, January 30,1910, off Tachyoryctes

ruddi.

5 6d and 12 $2 from Voi, from British East Africa, April 16, 1910, off

Mungos ichneumon funestus.

3 3S and 16 ? from Rumruti, British East Africa, October 20 and 27, 1910,

off Lepus victoriae. ;

6 83 and 11 ?? from Rumrnuti, British East Africa, October 1910, off

Dendrohyrax crawshayi.

1 3 from Rumrnti, off Luxerus.erythropus.

3 22 from Masaka, Uganda, April 2, 1911, off domestic dog.

1 ? from Kagamba, Uganda, July 14, 1911, off man.

Also long series taken at Mombasa from the blankets and beds of natives,

July 6, 1910, at Mazeras, British Hast Africa, off a negro and goats on July 3

and 4, 1910, and on the ground in a Masai Kraal at Laikipia, British East Africa,

October 25, 1910.

15. Ceratophyllus incisus spec. nov. (text-fig. 9).

?. Mr. Kemp collected a number of specimens of a species of Ceratophyllus, all

2%, which agrees well with C. fasciatus except in the smaller number of bristles

Fie. 9.—Ceratophylius incisus.

on the abdominal sternites and in the shape of the seventh sternite. As in fasciatus,

the rostrum reaches to the trochanter, the occiput bears one median bristle, not two,

and the forefemur a number of small bristles on the onter surface. The comb con-

sists of nineteen to twenty-two teeth. The bristles number six to eight on the

sternites of the third to sixth abdominal segment on the two sides together, and on the

seventh sternite eight to thirteen. This sternite is divided by a narrow sinus of

slightly variable depth into a rounded-triangular upper lobe and a broader truncate

( 587 )

lower one, the segment being more strongly chitinised around the sinus than

elsewhere. The eighth tergite has two long bristles below the stigma accompanied

by a minute hair, two or three at the apical margin and eight or nine further

proximally; on the inside the segment has one apical bristle and a subapical row

of three, all short, but almost as stout as the long bristles of the outer surface. The

receptaculum seminis resembles that of C. fasciatus ; the tail narrows perceptibly

towards the apex and the head is reticulated on the outer surface,

2 29 from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, February 25,

1910, off Oenomys bacchante ; type.

14 ?2 from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., March 1 to 14, 1910, off Thamnomys

ibeanus, Lophuromys zena, and Graphiurus microtis saturatus.

1 ? from Aberdare Mts., March 1910, off Cryptolopha mackenziana.

1 ? from Buhamba, Congo, June 4, 1911, off Thamnomys dryas.

16. Ceratophyllus infestus Roths. (3908) (text-figs. 10 and 11).

Ceratophyllus infestus Rothschild, in Sjéstedt, Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped., Siphonaptera, p. 4. t, 1.

fig. 6. 7 (1908) (Kibonoto).

As the original figures of C. infestus have slightly suffered in reproduction, we

take the opportunity of supplementing them with two additional figures taken from

the type (d) and a paratype (?). The genitalia vary slightly in detail, The type

. Fic, 10.—Ceratophyllus infestus. Fig. 11.

bears a small hair below the long bristle of the clasper on one side of the body, but

not on the other, This hair is absent from the examples collected by Mr. Kemp.

The receptaculum seminis (text-fig. 11) is remarkable for its slender shape and pro-

jecting mouth.

7 2 trom Mt. Kenia, December 2, 1910, off a squirrel, Heliosciurus keniae.

17. Pygiopsylla afer Roths. (1908).

Pygiopaylla afer Rothschild, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond. p, 618. no, 1. t, 29, fig. 7,8 (1908) (Angola).

1 ? from Kagamba, Uganda, July 14, 1911, off Dasymys medius.

( 538 )

Xiphiopsylla gen. nov.

3%. The bristles of the head, pro- and mesonotum small, those of the post-

median row on the abdominal segments and metanotum long, generally of nearly

the same width to near the tip, or even slightly widened distally, the tip not drawn

out into a long thin point, these bristles closely resembling a straight sword.

Eyevestigial, quite smalland only distinct in optical section, without any pigment.

Frontal tubercle triangular in a lateral view, pointed, distinctly projecting down-

wards ; oral angle of frons more strongly produced ventrad than is usual, forming a

conspicuous hook in a side view. Genal lobe very broad. Antennal groove of 2

not continued to the vertex. Maxillary palpus very long and slender, reaching

beyond the apex of the forecoxa and being longer than the labial palpus, which

consists of five segments.

Pronotum long, with more than one row of bristles, and a comb of sixteen or

less spines, the latter not placed close together. The comb is situated at a consider-

able distance from the ventral edge of the pronotum. Mesonotum without subapical

spines on inside. Episternum of the metathorax higher than long.

One antepygidial long bristle in both sexes. Inthe ¢ the anal tergite separated

from the “ pygidium” by a distinct suture; the ninth sternite without internal

vertical arm, and the eighth sternite large.

Genotype: X. hippia spec. nov.

Allied to Ceratophyllus, of which it is an offshoot.

18. Xiphiopsylla hippia spec. nov. (text-fig. 12, 13 and 14).

3. Very strongly chitinised. On the abdomen the chitin is thickest in the

centre of the segments, the skeleton appearing very thick on the back and venter in

a lateral view. The greater part of the specimen is conspicuously reticulated, the

meshes being smaller and more regular in the strongly chitinised portions of the

body. Moreover, the abdominal tergites and the posterior halves of the sternites

are densely denticulated, and the meso- and metanotum, metepimemum and the

abdominal segments I. to VII. have serrate apical edges. The long bristles of the

abdomen are shaped like a sword, the lateral ones being faintly widened before

narrowing to a point.

Head.—The frons is evenly rounded in the ¢ (text-fig. 12), the occiput being

horizontal. In the 2 the dorsum of the occiput slants forward and the frons is less

strongly curved than in the d. There is a row of six bristles extending from the

maxillary palpus obliquely upwards to the antennal groove, and further down a row

of three or four bristles, of which the upper one is placed in front of the vestigial

eye, an additional fairly long bristle being situated near the antennal groove between

the two rows. These bristles vary in length, but the most ventral one is always

the longest. The occiput has a few small bristles along the antennal groove, the

approximate numbers being six inthe ¢ and eight in the 2. The lateral bristles of

the occiput as well as those of the subapical row are exceptionally short, the lateral

ones as a rule being arranged in three sets (usually 1, 2 or 3,1). The first segment

of the antenna and the club are very long arid slender in the 3, and the bristles of

the first and second segments quite short in both sexes. The proportional lengths

of the segments of the maxillary palpus are: 21, 15, 16, 23.

Thoraxz.—The pronotum bears two rows of short bristles. The comb contains

fourteen spines, and the distance from the first spine to the ventral edge of the

( 539 )

pronotum about equals the interspace between the first and fifth spines. The

Jengths of the three thoracic tergites are subdorsally 24, 30, 25. The metepisternum

is very much higher than it is long. The lower half of the distal margin of the

metepimerum is incurved, so that the apex of this sclerite is almost pointed ; the

dorsal portion of the oes margin is rounded, the outline being, however, slightly

variable. The metepimerum ad two or three long bristles below the stigma, and

in front of this row abont eight or nine small ones, irregularly distributed.

Abdomen.—The tergites I to VI in d and I to V in ? bear dorsally on the

two sides together two to four apical spines. The postmedian row of long bristles

contains about twenty-four bristles on the two sides together. The small bristles

placed between the long ones are very thin, while the short bristles which are placed

in front of the long ones, and of which there are one to three rows, are remarkably

Fre, 12.—NXiphiopsylla hippia @.

thick. The row of long bristles curves backwards dorsally, and the second to

fourth short lateral bristles of the second segment point obliquely downwards.

‘The basal sternite has ventrally one pair of bristles and some very minute hairs,

the following sternites bearing on the two sides together a row of twenty to twenty-

four long bristles, and a small number of additional shorter bristles.

Legs.—The bristles on the coxae, femora, and the outside of the tibiae are

small. The subapical posterior sinus of both the mid- and hindcoxae is small and

nearly semicircular, the angle above the sinus is prominent, as the hindmargin

of the midcoxa is rather abraptly incarved above this angle and that margin of

the hindcoxa gently incurved from the angle to beyond the centre. The apical

lobe is broad in both these coxae. The forefemur has several small hairs on the

outer surface. The hindfemur bears six or seven subventral hairs on the outside,

inclusive of the subapical bristle. ‘The mid- and hindfemora have six or seven

( 540 )

pairs of stout dorsal bristles situated in notches, inclusive of the apical pair. The

longest bristle of the second hindtarsal segment does not reach the apex of the

fourth segment. The measurements of the tarsi are as follows :

Midtarsus: ¢ 22, 17, 12,9, 22; ¢ 21, 16, 11, 8, 20.

Hindtarsus: ¢ 54, 30, 16, 10, 24; ? 50, 26, 14, 9, 21.

Modified Segments—é. The eighth tergite (text-fig. 13) has the lower apical

angle drawn out into a point, and bears five or six short thick bristles above the

stigma, and thirteen to fifteen much longer ones below it (only the apical ones.

being drawn in our figure). The eighth sternite is about one-fourth longer than

it is wide dorso-ventrally, bearing twenty-six to thirty bristles, of which one

situated beyond the centre of the ventral margin is very long, being drawn out:

Fic. 13.—Xiphiopsylla hippia.

juto a long thin point. The dorsal outline of the sensory pygidial plate is nearly’

straight, but the hind edge of the plate projects backwards, because the anal tergite-

is hollowed out dorsally. This groove extends across the segment, and is densely’

elothed with very tbin hairs. The clasper (Cl) has a very slender manubrium

(M), which bears a groove along the upperside and very slightly bends upwards.

at the end. Above the insertion of the movable process (I) the clasper is produced

into a very short, almost rectangular process (P), which bears two long bristles.

and one short one. There are no bristles on the clasper near the insertion of the:

“finger” (F). The latter process is very long and very slender, being of nearly

the same width throughout, except for tapering to a point at the apex, which is.

slightly eurved upwards. The two halves of the ninth sternite (1X. st.) are united.

from the base to the centre, and have one long wire-like internal lever. The distal

(541 )

portion is claviform, and each club bears on the outer surface numerous short,

stout spines, which point downwards. Near the base of the handle of each clab

there are two or three slender bristles. There is no vertical arm to the ninth

sternite. ¢. The seventh tergite is produced into a lobe below the long ante-

pygidial bristle ; the sternite (text-fig. 14, VII. st.) is longitudinally striated like

the eighth segment and the ventral and apical portions of the seventh tergite, and

gradually narrows towards the apex, which is truncate, and bears a small sinus.

The eighth tergite (VIII. t.) has three to five minute hairs above the stigma, and

about as many just below it. The ventral margin of this segment bears six to

<-- -VIll.st.

Fie, 14.—NXiphiopsylla hippia.

eight fairly long but very slender bristles, there being about twelve small hairs

at and near the ventral margin, and a patch of six or seven on the inside of the

segment. The pygidial plate is more convex than in the d, but does not project

posteriorly on account of the anal tergite being but very feebly concave near the

base. The anal tergite is obtuse, and bears on each side two long slender bristles,

all the other bristles being short and thin. The stylet is not quite three times

as long as it is broad, being bottle-shaped, and bearing a long apical bristle and

two short subapical ones, of which the dorsal one is quite small. The receptaculum

seminis has a very large truncate head and a short tail, and resembles to some

extent a fig, the head being shorter in the second specimen than in the one

figured,

( 542 )

Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 2°8-3 mm.; ? 3-32 mm.

1d and 2 ? ? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British East Africa, March 1-14,

1910, off Lophuromys zena.

1 J (type) from Mutaragwa, March 21, off Mpimys jacksoni.

1 dg and 2 22 from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts., February 23, 1910, off

Tachyorystes audax.

1 2 from Solai, Mt. Kenia, December 5, 1910, off Lophuromys zena.

1 3 from Mt. Kenia, December 8, 1910, off the same host.

1 3 from Mt. Kenia, December 6, 1910, off Otomys irroratus elgonis.

19. Xiphiopsylla hyperetes spec. nov. (text-fig. 15).

3. The reticulations of the body and the denticulation of the ridges are very

much less pronounced than in Aippia, the skeleton of the abdomen is not distinctly

incrassate dorsally and ventrally, the lobe of the pronotum situated below the comb

Fia. 15.—NXiphiopsylla hyparetes.

and the metepisternum are much broader, the lower angle of the genal process

projects much more, and the small bristles of the abdomen are much thinner than

in hippia. The postmedian row of bristles on the tergites does not curve so

distinctly backwards dorsally, and contains a few bristles less; the corresponding

row of the sternites consists of only fourteen or less bristles, the small bristles

in front of the row of long ones form four to six rows dorsally on the tergites, the

oui

( 548 )

hind edge of the hindcoxa is more rounded, and the angle above the sinus therefore

less pointed ; and the modified abdominal segments also are different. The pronotal

comb contains sixteen spines.

Modified Seqments.—3. The eighth tergite bears, above the stigma, about a

dozen bristles, which are much thinner than in X. Aéppia. The portion of the

segment below the stigma is apically truncate, with the lower angle hardly at all

produced, and bears altogether about sixteen bristles, of which seven or eight are long.

The eighth sternite is longer and apically more rounded than in X. dippia, being

widest beyond the centre, and bears a much larger number of bristles (about fifty

on each side). The longest of these bristles is placed at the ventral margin in the

neighbourhood of the apex. The upper inner angle of the ninth tergite is pointed

(in Jateral aspect) and the manubrium shorter than in X. Aéppia. The short

process (P) of the clasper is rounded, the finger (F) broader and shorter than in that

species, and the ninth sternite somewhat different in shape. The dilated apex of

this segment is longer than in X. Aippia and the spines are fewer in number.

2. The seventh tergite bears below, and posterior to, the long antepygidial bristle,

two or three short ones. The seventh sternite is broader than in A7ppia, rotundate-

truncate, and does not bear a sinus. The eighth tergite has about twelve

small bristles above the stigma and four below it. The ventral portion of this

sclerite is truncate at the apex, with the angles rounded, and bears along the

ventral edge five or six bristles accompanied on the inside by four small ones ;

above the most distal marginal bristles there are two smaller ones, the lateral

outer surface bearing about ten to twelve small bristles, and the inner surface

seven or eight slightly stouter ones. The stylet and the anal sternite are longer

than in /zppia, and the bristles at the apex of the latter much more numerous. The

receptaculum seminis is remarkably different, closely agreeing with that of the

next species. It is much more strongly chitinised, the head asymmetrically ovate

with the mouth produced.

Length: ¢ (mounted) 3°9 mm.; ¢ (not mounted) 4-1 mm.

1 3 from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, March 1 to 14, 1910,

off Lophuromys zena.

1 2 from Mt. Mikeno, Belgian Congo, off Lophuromys spec.

20. Xiphiopsylla apriona spec. nov. (text-fig. 16).

?. Similar to YX. hyparetes, but at once distinguished by the apices of the

abdominal segments not being serrate.

There is no regular reticulation even on the more incrassate central parts of

the abdominal segments, nor are the ridges denticulate as in the two preceding

species.

The lower angle of the genal process is much more rounded than in X. /yparetes.

The pronotal comb contains only twelve spines, the lobe below the comb being

broader (in a vertical sense) than the pronotum, exclusive of the comb, is long

dorsally. The proportional lengths of the pro-, meso- and metanota are 24, 40, 30,

The long bristles of the abdominal tergites are distally slenderer than in the

previous species, but still resemble a straight sword, whereas the bristles of the

sternites taper gradually from the base to the tip, not differing from ordinary

bristles. The postmedian row of the sternites contains at most twelve bristles.

The small bristles placed in front of the postmedian row of the tergites are less

(544 )

numerous than in X. Ayparetes. The seventh tergite bears only one short bristle

below the long antepygidial one. The seventh sternite is as broad as in X, hyparetes,

but is more rounded and is not longitudinally striated like the eighth tergite, but

vertically, the lines on the apical area of the segment being very close together.

The eighth tergite has about a dozen small bristles above the stigma and four to

eight below it; its apex is more rounded than in X. hyparetes and hippia. The

bristles on the ventral portion of this sclerite agree with those of X. Ayparetes,

Fic. 16.—Xiphiopsylla apriona.

except that there are less on the inner surface. There is also no essential

difference in the anal segment between these two species. The receptaculum

seminis likewise is nearly the same as in Ayparetes.

32? from Mt. Kenia, British Hast Africa, December 14 and 15, 1910, off

Tachyoryctes spec.

21. Listropsylla dolosus Roths. (1907).

2. Listropsylla dolosus Rothschild, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) xviii. p. 175. no. 2 (1907) (Kikuyu Escarp-

ment Brit. E. A.). r

Mr. Kemp obtained both sexes of this species. The ¢ almost exactly agrees

with L. stygius Roths. (1908), described as Ceratophyllus stygius in Ent. Mo. Mag.

(2). xix. p. 77. no. 3. t. 1. fig. 3 (1908) from a single ¢ collected by A. F. R.

Wollaston on the Ruwenzori Mts. The ‘finger,’ however, is slightly different in

the two forms, being broader in stygivs than in dolosus. In dolosus the long

ventral bristle of the “ finger” is placed at three-fifths, and in stygiws at two-thirds,

i.e. the distance from the base of the “finger” to the bristle is in stygius twice as

long and in dolosus half as long again as the distance from the bristle to the apex

of the “ finger.” The two insects are presumably geographical forms of the same

species. Both in dolosus and stygius the ventral genal margin bears some short,

flat, cordiform teeth, and the first midtarsal segment is twice as long as the

second.

( 545 )

1 from Mataragwa, Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, March 13, 1910, off

Graphiurus microtis saturatus.

1 2 from Mutaragwa, March 24, 1910, off Dendromys nigrifrons.

29¢ from Mutaragwa, March 4, 1910, off Epimys jacksoni.

? from Mt. Kenia, December 1910, off Lophuromys spec.

3 and 2 2 ? from Mt. Kenia, December 1910, off Epimys medicatus.

? from Mt. Kenia, December 1910, off Arvicanthis spec.

3 from Mt. Kenia, December 1910, off Otomys irroratus elgonis.

6 from Kilimandjaro, May 13, 1910.

? trom Kigezi, Uganda, April 9, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.

2? 2 from Kigezi, April 25, 1911, off Arvécanthis spec.

? from Kigezi, April 26, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.

Le OS el el oe

Ctenophthalmus Kolen. (1856).

The genus appears to be very abundantly represented in Africa south of the

Sahara. The species from tropical Africa, however, though undoubtedly closely

related to some of the Palaearctic forms, do not exactly conform to the generic

diagnosis based on the European species. The number of plantar bristles present

on the fifth segment of the hindtarsus is generally considered of taxonomic value

in Ctenophthalmus and allied genera, being quite constant in the European species.

The Ethiopian Ctenophthalmus, however, prove that one must not lay too much

stress on a single character of this kind. Only one of the nine species of

Ctenophthalmus from tropical Africa has three pairs of lateral bristles on that

tarsal segment, as in all the European species, the other forms bearing three bristles

on one side of the segment and four on the other, or four on both sides, or three

pairs on one hindtarsus and three and a half pairs on the other, the numbers

fluctuating within the same species and sometimes being different on the right and

left hindtarsus of the same individual. The European Ctenophthalmus, with the

exception of Ct. rettigi Roths. (1908), moreover, are characterised by bearing a

curved hair at the tip of the labial palpi, which is not the case in any tropical

African form. All of them, however, have the three genal spines typical of this

genus, a pointed frontal tubercle situated in a groove, a vestigial eye, two rows of

bristles on the frons, a short pronotum bearing one row of bristles, ete. The hind-

coxa has no patch or row of spines on the inside, and the fifth segment of all the

tarsi bears a ventral proximal pair of bristles in between the first lateral pair.

Four species of Ctenophthalmus have been described trom Africa south of

the Sahara: calceatus Waterst. (1912), ansorge’ Roths. (1907), engis Roths. (1907),

and triodontus Roths. (1907). “ Typhlopsylla” ingens Roths. (1900), as pointed

ont on p. 562 of the present paper, does not belong to the genus Ctenophthalmus.

A. Proboscis reaching close to apex of forecoxa ; three or four bristles beneath

stigma on abdominal tergites I] and IIL; Jongest apical bristle of second hind-

tarsal segment reaching beyond apex of fourth segment; surface-sculpture faint,

These

characteristics sharply distinguish Ct. tréodontus and a nearly allied new species

from all the other African ones.

particularly weak on the legs ; metepimerum with more than ten bristles.

( 546 )

22. Ctenophthalmus audax spec. nov. (text-figs. 17 and 18).

In this species and C. triodontus the bristles are more numerous than in any

other tropical African species. Ct. audax is differentiated from Ct. triodontus in

the ¢ by the movable process of the clasper not being abruptly dilated distally,

andin the ? by the basal abdominal sternite bearing a number of lateral bristles.

Head.—The first and second genal bristles are much shorter and more obtuse

than the third, the second one being especially blunt. The frons bears two rows

of bristles and the occiput three rows.

Thorax.—The pronotal comb consists of sixteen spines. The two lower

bristles of the pronotal row are much closer together than the other bristles of the

same row. The mesopleura bear eleven or more bristles, the metepisternum has

three or four, the metasternum one or two, and the metepimerum thirteen to

sixteen.

Abdomen.—The abdominal tergites I and II in the ¢ and I—VII in the ¢

Fig. 17.—Ctenophthalmus audaw.

have, like the metanotum, two complete rows of bristles, three or four bristles of

the posterior row being placed below the stigma, at least on segments II and III,

on segment II there is also a bristle of the anterior row placed below the stigma.

The sternites of segments III to VI bear in the d on each side a row of four

or five bristles, there being rarely a bristle in front of the row, in the ? the row

contains seven to nine bristles, and there are from four to six bristles in front of the

row, the basal sternites bearing in this sex three to six lateral bristles on each side.

Legs.—The mid- and hindcoxae bear posteriorly near the apex one long and one

small bristle. The femora have no lateral bristles, except for a small one on the

inner surface of the forefemur. There are two subapical ventral bristles on the

mid- and hindfemora, and one such bristle on the inner side. This latter bristle is

long and thin, particularly on the hindfemur, not being short and stumpy as in

European Ctenophthalmus. The mid- and hindtibiae have one row of bristles on

the outer surface near the dorsal bristles. The first hindtarsal segment bears one

or two apical bristles which reach to the apex of the second segment, and two

i oe

( 547 )

apical bristles of this latter segment extend to (respectively beyond) the apex of the

fourth segment, which segment is only a little longer than it is broad. ‘The fifth

hindtarsal segment has three or four lateral bristles, the number differing frequently

in the right and left legs, and the true inner edge of the segment (in slide usually

anterior) has often only three bristles, when the outer (in slide posterior) bears four.

It is the third bristle which varies.

Modified Segments.— 3. The eighth tergite has three small bristles above the

stigma, and the sternite a row of five or six long ones, below and proximally to

which there are five or six smaller bristles. The process (P) of the clasper (text-

fig. 17) is broad and non-sinuate, bearing a number of slender bristles at the upper

edge and a transverse, curved, lateral row of five very long ones. The movable

process (F) is of the type exhibited by C. caucasica. Its ventral edge is gently

incurved, not angulate, while the dorsal edge is elbowed opposite the tip of the

non-movable process P, being incuryed proximally to this angle, and convex

Fie. 18.—Ctenophthalmus audar.

between it and the slightly dentiform distal angle. F is provided with ten to

thirteen short, pointed bristles along the dorsal edge between the dorsal angle and

the tip, and with six long bristles at the ventral edge, there being also some slender

bristles ventrally at the tip and a aumber of other small bristles on both the

inner and outer surfaces. These small bristles are particularly numerous on the

inner side. ‘The ninth sternite is sub-acuminate, the dorsal edge of the ventral

arm being nearly straight and the distal portion of the ventral edge rounded.

There is a row of three to five long and slender bristles ventrally near the apex of

this sclerite, and about sixteen small bristles distributed over the sides and the

edges of its apical half. The anal tergite has on each side about a dozen bristles,

the most proximal ones being placed at a short distance from the base of the

segment and there being near the apex one longer one on each side. The anal

tergite bears only a pair of long bristles on each side. ?. The seventh sternite

has a deep sinus as in Ct. triodontus, but the sinus is (text-fig. 18) narrower than in

that species, The lobe situated above it is variable in width. The segment bears

( 548 )

on each side a row of twelve to fourteen long bristles, and in front of it eight to

fourteen more bristles, some of which are situated close to the row and are also

long. The eighth tergite has one to three small bristles above the stigma,

a ventral patch of eleven to fourteen, and an internal patch of eight small ones.

The eighth sternite (VIII, st.) is somewhat contracted in the specimen from which

our figure is taken. The anal sternite bears on each side a moderately long, stout

bristle in the middle, sometimes accompanied by a smaller one, and a subapical

pair of long ones. The stylet is long and slender, surpassing in length the third

hindtarsal segment. Below the stylet there is a solitary long bristle on the anal

tergite. The head of the receptaculum seminis (R.S.) is twice as long as it is broad,

being also longer than the tail.

The senlpture of the surface of the body and legs is very feeble in both sexes,

the lines being hardly traceable on the legs.

Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 3°2 mm., ? 3°5 mm.

13 dd and 20 ?? from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Range, Brit. E, Africa,

11,000 ft., February 23, 1910, off Tachyoryctes audax ;—type.

1 ? from Mt. Kinangop, February 24, 1910, off Otomys irroratus.

7 oo from Mt. Kinangop, February 28, 1910, found in killing bottle.

4 $5 and 3 3? from Aberdare Mts., February 13, 1910, off Tachyoryctes

audax.

B. Proboscis not nearly reaching to apex of forecoxa; at the most two

bristles below stigma on abdominal tergites II and IIL; longest apical bristle of

second hindtarsal segment at most extending to the base of the fourth segment ;

metepimerum with less than ten bristles.

23. Ctenophthalmus eumeces sp. nov. (text-fig. 19).

Only the ¢ known to us.

Head.—The spines of the genal comb are pointed. The rostrum reaches to the.

apical third (about) of the forecoxa. The frons bears two rows of bristles, and the

occiput three rows.

Thoraz.—The pronotal comb contains sixteen spines. There are ten bristles

in the postmedian row on the three thoracic tergites on the two sides together, the

two lower ones being rather further apart than the others. The mesopleura bear

eight bristles, the metepisternum two, and the metepimerum five to seven arranged

in two rows.

Abdomen.—Kach tergite bears two rows of bristles, the first tergite having

an incomplete third row. The first bristle of the posterior row is placed below

the stigma, while the first bristle of the preceding row is placed above the

stigma. The sternites of segments III to VI have on each side a row of

three bristles, and in front of it one or two, seldom three, additional smaller

bristles, segment VII bearing in the type-specimen four bristles in the postmedian

row.

Legs.—The small apical ventral bristle on the inner surface of the hind-

femur is short and rather stout. The longest bristle of the second hindtarsal

segment reaches a little beyond the apex of the third segment. The fourth

segment is not quite twice as long as it is broad in the hindtarsus. The

(549 )

fifth segment of the same foot bears three plantar bristles on one side and four on

the other, or four on both sides.

Modified Segments.——&3. The eighth sternite has four long and from six to

nine shorter bristles. The distal process (P, text-fig. 19) of the clasper is broad

and obtuse, being slightly notched at the upper margin. It bears a row of six

or seven long bristles, slightly variable in position, and at the dorsal margin

some smaller ones in addition, The movable process F is longer and slenderer

than in any other African species known, and has at the upper edge seven to

nine short spiniform bristles, ventrally near the apex two slender bristles and

Fig. 19.—Ctenophthalmus eumeces.

farther proximally a cluster of four or five, which are much slenderer than in

Ct. audaxz. The ninth sternite is almost the same as in Ct. audax, except for its

slightly larger width.

1g from Mt. Kenia, British East Africa, December 19, 1910, off Arvicanthis

pumilio ;—type.

1 gd from the Igembi Hills, north-east of Mt. Kenia, British Hast Africa,

February 12, 1911, off Oenomys spec.

24. Ctenophthalmus cabirus spec. noy. (text-figs. 20 and 21).

3%. Very close to Ct. ansorged Roths. (1907) and calceatus Waterst. (1912),

distinetly differing in the modified abdominal seements of the 3.

The process P of the clasper (Cl, text-fig. 20) is divided into two lobes, as in

calceatus, the sinus being much deeper and the lobes therefore longer than in

ansorgei. The upper lobe bears three bristles as in calceatus. The movable

process F is twice as long as it is broad at the widest point, being shorter but

not narrower than in ansorge?, and longer than in calceatus, The ninth sternite

(1X st.) bears a larger number of small bristles than in ansorge?.

( 550 )

The ? does not present any reliable difference from that sex of ansorge, the

specimens being somewhat variable 7xter se. The sinus of the seventh sternite

(text-fig. 21, VII. st.) divides the segment into a broad upper lobe and a smaller

. P

PAM A

tial

Mn 3

Fig. 20.—Ctenophthalmus cabirus.

Fie. 21.—Ctenophthalmus cabirus.

lower one. i The eighth tergite has two bristles at the apical edge above the

ventral angle. The head of the receptaculum seminis is longer than the tail. ,

1 3 from Mbarara, Uganda, April 3, 1911, off a rodent.

1 2 from Mbarara, July 25, 1911, off Oenomys spec.

1d and 1 2 from Rumruti, British East Africa, September 28, 1910, off

Arvicanthis massaicus. a

1 ? from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 8, 1911, off Otomys spec.

18 from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 8, 1911, off Lophuromys ansorget.

( 551 )

2 ?¢ from Kigezi, Uganda, April 10 and 27, 1911, off rodents.

433 and 4 ? ? from Kumba, Uganda, June 30, 1911, off Otomys spec.;—type.

1? from Masaka, Uganda, March 22, 1911, off Arvicanthis abyssinicus

rubescens.

1 ? from Nairobi, British East Africa, September 12, 1910, off Epimys spec.

1 $ from Igembi Hills, British East Africa, February 13, 1911.

1 ? from Mt. Kenia, December 7, 1910, off Lophuromys zena.

We add the description of a new species collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge.

25. Ctenophthalmus atomus spec. nov. (text-fig. 22).

?. Differs from Ct. ansorgei in the shape of the seventh abdominal sternite.

This segment, instead of being divided by a narrow and deep sinus into two lobes,

bears one large truncate-emarginate lobe, below which the edge of the segment

runs obliquely downward and forward, as shown in fig. 22.

Fig. 22.—Ctenophthalmus atomus.

The eighth tergite closely agrees with that of Ct. ansorgei and cabirus. It

bears two apical bristles (both broken in our specimen), asin those species, also a

ventral row of four, and above the row one long and four short bristles.

1 ? from Ndala Tando, Angola, December 18, 1908, off Arvicanthis rufinus

(Dr. W. J. Ansorge).

26. Ctenophthalmus acanthurus spec. noy. (text-figs. 23 and 24).

3?. Evidently a near ally of Ct. engis Roths, (1907), of which only the @ is

known. The ? of acanthurus differs from that of engis in the shape of the seventh

abdominal sternite and in the longer head of the receptaculum seminis. In the 2 ?

of both species the ventral row of bristles on the eighth tergite terminates with a

short bristle, which is placed at the apical margin of the segment. The & of

acanthurus is easily recognised by the ninth sternite bearing a row of short, stout

spine-like bristles at the ventral margin,

Head.—Vhe geval spines are pointed, The genal process is nearly twice as

broad as the second genal spine.

( 552 )

Thorax.—The mesonotum bears three rows of bristles, besides a basal row

which extends down to the second pronotal spine, and a number of additional small

bristles on the back and the sides, There is, in fact, only a small lateral area bare

of bristles. The mesopleura bear seven, and the metepisternum five or six bristies.

Abdomen. — Segments I to VI have no obvious distinctive characteristics.

They bear two rows of bristles on the tergites with an incomplete third row on the

first tergite and one or two dorsal bristles in front of the rows on the other tergites.

The sternites of segments III to VI have, in the 2, usually a row of six bristles

on the two sides together, and two to six additional bristles, the ? bearing, as a

tule, eight bristles in the row and four to six in front of it.

Legs.—In the hindtarsus the second segment bears one apical bristle, which

reaches to the apex of the third segment ; the fourth segment is twice as long as it

Fig. 23.—Ctenophthalmus acanthurus,

is broad, and the fifth segment has fonr lateral bristles. The proportional lengths

of the hindtarsal segments are: ¢, 41, 30, 19, 12,20; 2, 42, 31, 20, 12, 20.

Modified Segments.—¢d. The eighth sternite is broadly rounded, and bears on

each side six to nine bristles, of which three (more rarely only two) are long. The

clasper (text-fig. 23) terminates in a broad and short process which is divided by a

very shallow apical sinus into two lobes, the sinus being deeper on the inner side

of the clasper than on the outer surface, The upper lobe is rounded and bears

about a dozen bristles at the edge. The ventral angle of this lobe is produced on

the inner side of the clasper into a short, subtruncate, strongly chitinised projection.

The lower lobe is very obliquely truncate, and bears a long bristle at the ventral

angle and another on the outer surface. The movable process (I) has a characteristic

shape. Its ventral margin is rounded from the base to three-fourths its length and

then ineurved, the apical ventral angle of the finger distinctly projecting downward.

ee el

( 553 )

Close to this “nose” there are five ventral bristles, and above it two more bristles,

one of which is quite short. The dorsal portion of the finger is very strongly

rounded-dilated, as shown in the figure, and bears a row of about nine short,

spine-like bristles along the most dorsal part of the edge, the distal ones of these

bristles being the thinnest. The inner arm of the ninth sternite is rather

strongly curved, its apical dilated portion being twice as long as this portion is

wide at its centre. The ventral arm is as long as the vertical one, bears numerous

small bristles on the sides and at the ventral margin, one small stiff bristle at

the apical margin, and a row of four stout, short, strongly chitinised ones at

the apical portion of the ventral margin. ?. The seventh sternite (text-fig. 24)

exhibits a row of nine or ten long bristles (on the two sides together), besides

some small bristles, and is divided by a deep sinus into a very broad upper

lobe and a much narrower rounded lower one. The ventral edge of the apper lobe

is excurved near the apex of the sinus, which is rendered very narrow in con-

sequence. The eighth tergite has no bristles above the stigma, and bears a ventral

VIL sto VilLst.

Fra. 24.—Ctenophthalmus acanthurus.

row of five or six strong bristles, of which the last is short and placed close to

a long one, both being situated practically at the apical edge of the segment.

Above this row there is one long bristle, and more proximally than this bristle

often one or two small ones. The upper angle of the dilated ventral portion

of this segment is sometimes acuminate, sometimes rounded. On the inner

surface of the segment are six or seven small bristles. The eighth sternite is

broader than usual, its apex being much less narrowed than in the other African

species. The stylet is conical, being nearly three times as long as it is broad at

the base. The anal sternite bears seven bristles. The head of the receptaculum

seminis (R.S.) is longer than the tail.

13 from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts. 11,000 ft., British East Africa,

February 27, 1910, off Dendromys insignis ;—ty pe.

1 2? from Mt. Kinangop, February 27, 1910, off Leggada spec.

334 from Mt. Kinangop, March 1, 1910, off Crocidura fumosa.

233 and6 2%? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., March 24, 1910, off Den-

Aromys nigrifrons.

(554)

1 3 from Mutaragwa, March 13, 1910, off Graphiurus microtis saturatus.

1 $ from Mutaragwa, March 11—14, 1910, off Thamnomys ibeanus.

230 from Mutaragwa, March 13, 1910, off Epimys jacksoni.

1 3 from Mt. Kenia, December 1910, off Lophuromys zena.

27. Ctenophthalmus lycosius spec. nov. (text-figs. 25 and 26).

3%. A species remarkable for the peculiar shape of the male genitalia. In

the number and arrangement of the bristles, apart from the modified segments, this.

species agrees almost exactly with Ct. acanthurus, engis, and others. The genah

spines are pointed. The genal process in the ¢ is a little broader than the second

genal spine, and in the ? half as broad again. The lobe of the pronotum situated

below the comb is broader than in the allied species, its vertical diameter being

equal to the distance from the lower edge of the first spine in the ¢ to the upper

edge of the third, and in the 9 nearly to the centre of the fourth spine. The second

hindtarsal segment bears an apical bristle which reaches beyond the third segment,

and another which extends to the apex of that segment. The mesopleura of the

$ bear eight or nine bristles.

Modified Segments.—&. The eighth abdominal sternite bears on each side:

Fic. 25.— Ctenophthalmus lycosius.

about nine bristles, of which the three distal ones are the longest. The clasper

(Cl, text-fig. 25) terminates in an almost square process (P) which is rounded-

truncate distally, the apical margin being divided by a very small sinus into a short.

upper and a longer lower portion. Above this sinus there are about eight bristles

arranged in a double row, the outer row being continued ventrad by three long

bristles, of which the last is placed near the ventral margin. The movable process

F is distally dilated both dorsally and veutrally, resembling a hammer. ‘There are

four long bristles at the truncate ventral angle of F, while the strongly rounded

dorsal margin bears a row of spiniform bristles, a few similar bristles, variable im

( 555 )

number and some of them rather long but thin, being placed at the distal (or

apical margin). The ninth sternite is very unlike that of every other known African

species. Its horizontal arm strongly widens apically, the ventral margin remaining

nearly straight to the apex, while the dorsal margin gradually runs upwards,

forming an acute, but slightly rounded, angle with the gently convex distal

margin. The ventral angle is produced downward into a sharp tooth, The

segment has only short bristles, a row of seven or eight being placed at the

ventral margin and a patch of about sixteen dorsally near the apex. ?. The

seventh sternite (text-fig. 26) bears on the two sides together in our single

specimen an interrupted row of thirteen bristles, and in front of the row twelve

additional bristles. The segment is deeply divided by a very large sinus into a

broad upper lobe and a short lower one. The upper lobe is trancate-sinuate, with

the upper angle strongly rounded, the ventral angle produced (much as in Ct. engis),

and the ventral margin horizontal. The lower lobe is much shorter than the upper

Fic. 26.—Ctenophthalmus lycosius.

one, and its upper margin is strongly slanting, being dilated into a very small,

obtuse additional lobe near the upper lobe. The eighth tergite has no bristles

above the stigma. There is a ventral row of six bristles on this segment (VIII. t.),

of which the first is small and the last two, which are long and differ but slightly

in size, are placed-close together at the apical margin, which is incurved. Above

the row there is one long bristle accompanied by two or three smaller ones, while

the inner surface bears one or two short but fairly strong bristles and two or three

exceedingly small ones. The anal sternite has eight bristles on the two sides

together. [The receptaculum seminis has accidentally been destroyed in mounting

the specimen. |

23d and 1 ? from the Aberdare Mts., British East Africa, February 17—21,

1910, off Lophuromys zena.

Another %, taken by Mr. Kemp in the same district on February 25 off Oenomys

bacchante agrees on the whole so well with the ¢ of lycos’us that we place it here.

The mesopleura of this example bear nine or ten bristles, aud the seventh abdominal

tergite has three antepygidial bristles on one side and four on the other; the

seventh sternite also being slightly different on the two sides of the body. The

( 556 )

lower angle of the upper lobe of this segment is very little produced and much more

broadly rounded off than in the ? described above. The lobe of the right side bears

an additional small lobe ventrally, which is absent from the lobe on the left side.

The ventral lobe is shorter than in the true ? of dycosius, and the bristles in front

of the row on the seventh sternite are more numerous (nineteen on the two sides

together). The eighth tergite has above the row one long bristle and three small

ones on one side and five small ones on the other, there being five bristles on the

inner surface on each side. The anal sternite has ten bristles. The receptaculam

seminis resembles that of Ct. engis in the head being shorter than the tail,

though the head is not quite so short as in engés. The specimen possibly represents

a distinct species.

28, Ctenophthalmus cophurus spec. nov. (text-figs. 27 and 28).

Head.—The first spine of the genal comb is slender and, like the third, sharply

pointed, the second spine being the broadest and having an obtuse apex. The

genal process is narrower than usual, which is particularly noticeable in the $, in

which sex the width of the process does not much exceed that of the second genal

spine measured in the centre; the upper edge of the process, moreover, is not

distinctly elbowed, as it is in the $ $ of most other species.

Thorax.—The third spine of the comb is half as long again as the pronotum.

The lobe below the comb is narrow, its diameter being equal or inferior to the

distance from the lower edge of the second spine to the upper edge of the third

measured in the middle. The mesonotum bears two rows of bristles, a few additional

dorsal bristles and a series of small basal ones. This latter series only extends as

far as the fourth pronotal spine, there being consequently a lateral area on the

mesonotum between the basal edge and the two rows of bristles which is devoid of

bristles. The mesopleura have seven bristles, the metepisternum has two, and the

metepimerum six to nine, usually seven.

Abdomen.—the tergites bear two rows of bristles, the first tergite having a few

additional dorsal ones. The first bristle of the second row, and on the second tergite

also the first of the anterior row, are placed below the stigma. The basal sternite

has no lateral bristles in either sex. The sternites of segments III to VI have in the

3 a row of six to eight bristles on both sides together, and two to six smaller

bristles in front of the row, the numbers being slightly larger in the 2 and the

bristles rather stronger.

Legs.—The apical ventral bristle on the inner side of the hindfemur is short.

The longest apical bristle of the second hindtarsal segment reaches a very little

beyond the apex of the third segment. The fourth segment of the same tarsus is

half as long again as it is broad, and the fifth bears as a rule three lateral plantar

bristles on one side and four on the other, the right and left hindtarsi usually differ-

ing in these bristles. The proportional lengths of the hindtarsal segments vary

slightly, being usually in the d 39, 27, 17, 10, 17, and in the ? 44, 28, 18, 10, 18.

Modified Segments—6. The eighth sternite (text-fig. 27, VIII. st.) is

ventrally produced into a rather narrow lobe which is very feebly chitinised, being

vitreous from the most distal bristle and membranous at the apex. The segment

bears about a dozen bristles, of which the four to six distal ones are long. . The

process P of the clasper is broad and rounded, being convex dorsally and somewhat

incurved ventrally. It bears a transverse row of usually four long bristles, seldom

one or two more, the ventral bristle being accompanied by a smaller bristle and the

( 557 )

row running obliquely distad from the dorsal to the ventral margin. The dorsal

edge of the process, moreover, bears several thin and short bristles. The movable

Viltst.

Fig. 27.—Ctenophthalmus cophurus.

process F somewhat resembles the sole of a boot. It is narrowest proximally to the

centre and has the apex rounded, the ventral edge being more strongly curved than

Villst

Fia. 28,—Ctenophthalmus cophurus.

the dorsal edge. The finger has no long bristles, but only short ones, as shown in

the figure. The ninth sternite (LX. st.) is also characteristic in shape. The apex of

( 558 )

the internal vertical arm is very broad, the arm itself slender, and the horizontal

arm again broad. This latter portion of the boomerang-shaped segment is not

acuminate, as in the allied species, but truncate, with the upper angle rounded and

the lower angle about 85°. The apex is but feebly chitinised, and bears a row of

short slender bristles (about a dozen), there being no bristles farther proximally on

the sides and along the ventral margin. The segment, moreover, is clothed at the

almost membranous apex with exceedingly minute hairs not indicated in the figure.

——¥?. The seventh sternite (text-fig. 28) has a very broad sinuate upper lobe, the

lower angle of which is produced into a narrow process of variable length. The

segment bears a row of from five to seven long and strong bristles on each side and

six to eight additional bristles in front of the row. The eighth tergite is strongly

rounded, and is further characterised by the position of the bristles, none of which

are placed at the apical edge. There is a snbyentral row of five or six bristles on

this segment, which are all stout, sometimes with the exception of the first ; above

this row there is one long and thick bristle and two to four smaller ones. On the

inside the segment bears one or two minute bristles. The stylet is three times as

long as it is broad at the base. The anal sternite has seven or eight bristles on the

two sides together. The head of the receptaculum seminis (R.S.) is somewhat longer

than the tail.

Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 2°3 mm., 2 2-4—3 mm.

1 3 and 3 2 ? from Igembi Hills, British East Africa, February 15 and 16,

1911, off Lophuromys zena.

1 3 and») ? ? from Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, February 17-21, 1910,

off Lophuromys zena ;—type.

1 g from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts., February 27, 1910, off Dendromys

insignis.

1 ? from Mt. Kinangop, February 25, 1910, off Oenomys bacchante.

1 3g from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., March 13, 1910, off Graphiurus microtis

saturatus.

1 d and 4 % ? from Mutaragwa, March 13, 1910, off Epimys jacksoni.

4 364 and 3 2? 2? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., March 1-14, 1910, off

Lophuromys xena.

1 ? from Mt. Kenia, December 7, 1910, off Otomys irroratus elgonis.

3 ¢ d from Mt. Kenia, December 8, 1910, off Lophuromys zena.

1 ¢ from Mt. Kenia, December 10, 1910, off Epimys jacksoni.

1 ? from Mt. Kenia, January 3, 1911, off Wpimys jacksoni.

26 and 3 2 ¢ from Mt, Kenia, January 3, 1911, off Thamnomys spec.

1 from Mt. Kenia, December 12, 1911, off Lpimys medicatus.

1 ? from Mt. Kenia, off Lophuromys zena.

29. Ctenophthalmus eximius spec. nov. (text-figs. 29 and 30).

3 %. Allied to Ct. cophurus, but at once distinguished from it by the fifth

hindtarsal segment bearing only three pairs of lateral bristles (besides an anterior

ventral pair), by the 2 having four antepygidial bristles instead of three, and by the

modified abdominal segments being different.

Head.—The spines of the genal comb are all three sharply pointed, The genal

process is broader than in Cé. cophurus, being half as broad again as the second

genal spine in the d, and nearly twice as broad as that spine in the ¢.

ep lye erat eo se

LLL

( 559 )

Thorax.—The mesonotum has a large lateral area bare of bristles, as in

Ct. cophurus. The proportional lengths of the hindtarsal segments are as follows :

3 40, 26, 18, 9,17; % 43, 29, 19, 9, 17.

Abdomen.—The ¢ bears three and the 2 four antepygidial bristles, of which the

second from above is the longest. The bristles on the sternites of segments III to

VIL are as follows (on the two sides together, the first figure referring to the

bristles of the postmedian row)—d : 6+ 3o0r4, 64+ 3to 5, 642 to 4, 642 to 4,

6+2to4; 2: 8or9+4+11 orl2,8+7 or 8,8 + 4,844, 11 or 12 +8 or 9.

Modified Segments.—3. The eighth sternite (text-fig. 29, VIII. st.) is more

strongly chitinised apically than in C¢. cophurus, aud its dorsal margin starts more

gradually, moreover being denticulate. The segment bears thirteen to sixteen

bristles on the two sides together. The manubrium as well as the non-movable

process of the clasper are much shorter than in Ct. cophurus, particularly the former-

This process (P) is truncate, with the dorsal angle rounded, the lower angle about 90°

and the distal margin slightly notched. It bears five slender bristles at the upper

Fie. 29.—Ctenophthalmus eximius.

half of the apical margin and an oblique row of three very strong and long bristles

on the side, the ventral one being the most proximal. The movable process F is

truncate. It almost gradually widens from the insertion to the apex, the ventral

angle being distinct and projecting in the shape of a rounded tooth, and the dorsal

angle being rounded off. The ventral margin of this exopodite is nearly straight

and bears two pairs of small thin bristles in the apical half. The short bristles

placed along the apical and dorsal margins, of which there are about eight, are very

thin. The inner arm of the ninth sternite is broader than in Cf. cophurus, with the

exception of the widened apical portion, which is narrower than in that species.

The horizontal arm is canoe-shaped distally, being acuminate with the dorsal margin

straight and the ventral margin distally rounded. This ventral arm bears about

eight small bristles, one long and strong one and behind this bristle a second one

half the size (or less) of the long bristle-—?. The seventh sternite (text-fig. 30) is

divided (on each side) by a broad and shallow upper sinus and a smaller, but equally

shallow lower sinus into three short lobes, of which the upper one is either pointed

or rounded, the second subtriangular with the apex rounded off, and the ventral lobe

( 560 )

quite short. The eighth tergite resembles that of Ct. cophurus. It bears a subventral

row of five or six stout bristles, sometimes preceded by a small bristle, and above

the row there is one long bristle accompanied by one or twosmall ones. None of the

bristles are placed at the apical margin of the segment. On the inner surface the

~*VIILst

Fig. 30.—Ctenophthalmus eaximius.

segment bears three to five small bristles. The receptaculum seminis is similar to

that of Ct. cophurus, but somewhat slenderer than in most examples of that species.

1 dand 1 ? from Kigezi, Uganda, April 19, 1911, off Lophuromys zena;—type.

1 3 and 1 ? from Kigezi, April 15, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.

1 ¢ from Lake Mutanda, Uganda, May 9, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.

2 6 and 1 ¢ from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 6, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.

1 fg and 1 ? from Chaya, near Ruchuru R., Belgian Congo, September 17, 1911,

off Lophuromys spec.

2 2 from Muhamba, Lake Kivu, Belgian Congo, May 20, 1911, off

Lophuromys spec.

Key to the species of Ctenophthalmus known from Africa south of the Sahara.

I. Rostrum reaching to near apex of forecoxa; longest bristle of second

hindtarsal segment extending beyond apex of fourth segment; abdominal tergites.

II. and U1. with more than two bristles below the stigma; metepimerum with more

than ten bristles; sculpture of surface of body and limbs very inconspicuous.

a. 3. Movable process of clasper abruptly widened distally, the ventral angle

pointing ventrad; ? without lateral bristles on the basal abdominal

sternite . : 5 : 3 : . Ct. triodontus Roths, (1907).

&. Movable process of clasper not curved down at apex ; the ventral angle

pointing distad ; ? with lateral bristles on the basal abdominal sternite

Ct. audax spec. nov.

II. Rostrum hardly extending to apical third of forecoxa; longest bristle of

second hindtarsal segment at the most reaching to base of fourth segment ;

abdominal tergites with only one bristle below stigma; metepimernm with less

than nine bristles ; metepisternum narrow ; surface-sculpture distinct.

6. Fifth hindtarsal segment with four lateral plantar bristles, at least on one

side of the segment or in one hindtarsus . : : ¢ Be ge

This segment with three lateral plantar bristles. Highth abdominal segment

of f triangular ; ? with four antepygidial bristles. Ct. ewtmius spec. nov.

(561 )

c. Mesonotum laterally with only two rows of bristles, there being a large

naked area between these rows and the base. IX. st. of d truncate, and

VIII. st. apically membranaceons ; in ? all bristles of VIII. t. at a distance

from the edge. ; : . Ct. cophurus spec. nov.

Mesonotum with three rows cs eieties and additional small bristles on the

sides as well as back, besides the basal row. In ¢ IX. st. acuminate or

apically strongly widened ; in the most distal bristle of VIII. st. placed

at the apical edge : i : . : ; 2 - yds

d. 3d. ; : : : : ‘ : ‘ : : : Tae:

pare . , : : ; white

e. dd. (This sex not eta of Ct. eee ae engis.)

IX. st. apically very strongly dilated, the ventral angle being produced

into a sharp tooth : : ‘ : . Ct. lycosius spec. nov.

[and ? Cz. engis Roths. (1907)]

IX. st. subrotundate at apex, bearing a ventral row of short, stout,

strongly chitinised spiniform bristles, Ct. acanthurus spec.-nov.

IX, st. subacuminate or subtruncate, with long and small bristles, or

only with short ones, all slender . 5 ; a:

J. Process of clasper divided by a distinct sinus into = lobes , ° Ob

Process of clasper not divided : : : . Ct. eumeces spec. nov.

g. Sinus of process of clasper quite shallow on outer side, movable process

more than twice as long as it is broad . Ct. ansorgei Roths. (1907)

The sinus deeper, movable process twice as long as it is broad. 3 ale

i. Apex of movable process much more rounded dorsally than ventrally

Ct. cabirus spec. nov.

Apex of movable process almost symmetrically rounded

Ct. calceatus Waterst. (1910)

i. 23. (This sex not known of Ct. eumeces.)

Head of receptaculum seminis shorter than tail. : ; + Ge

Head of receptaculum seminis longer than tail . : - igh?

j. Last bristle of ventral row on VILL. t. half the length of the preceding bristle

Ct. engis Roths. (1907)

Last two bristles of that row almost equal in size Ct. lycosius spec. nov.

k. No bristles above stigma of VIII, t. j : Ct. acanthurus spec. nov.

One or more bristles above stigma of VIII. t. . ; F : ads

1. VIL. st. with a narrow and deep sinus

Ct. ansorgei Roths. (1907) and cabirus spec, nov.

VIL. st. with a triangular sinus . ‘ Ct. caleeatus Waterst. (1912)

VIL. st. with a very broad upper lobe, lower lobe effaced

Ct. atomus spec. nov

Dinopsyllus gen. noy.

The antennal groove extends to the vertex, as in Palaeopsylla Wagn. (1902),

to which genus the new one is closely allied, The frontal tubercle is vestigial,

being small and rounded, and having in some specimens the appearance of a

transparent lid placed on a tunnel; in most examples the tubercle is exceed-

ingly indistinct (text-figs. 33 and 40) There is a vertical row of five spines

along the antennal groove, but in one species (/). ingens) this comb is reduced

to one or two spines, or is absent. The vestigial eye is placed above the row, and

( 562 )

simulates a sixth spine. The genal process is broad and obtnse, and is separated

from the oral edge by a deep sinus, which is partly covered by the first and

second spines of the genal comb. The antenna is inserted near the vertex in

both sexes. Its first segment is very large, being as long as the club and bearing

numerous short bristles, The second segment is very short, except on the anterior

side, where it is much produced distad, The first segment of the maxillary palpus

is longer than, or as long as, the second, and this is about as long as the fourth, or

longer, the third being the shortest. The labial palpus consists of five segments.

The pronotum is long and bears two or three rows of bristles, besides a comb of

more than twenty-five spines. The thoracic and abdominal tergites are denticulate

at the apical margins, particularly the proximal abdominal segments. The meta-

notum has no comb of spines, while the following four or five abdominal segments

(usually with the exception of the first) bear a lateral comb of short, stout spines.

The basal abdominal sternite has always a number of small bristles on the sides,

the small bristles in front of the postmedian row of long ones of the other sternites

are numerous, and the median tergites have at least three rows of bristles. There

are three long antepygidial bristles in both sexes, and the eighth tergite has on

each side at least eight bristles above the stigma.

The tibiae bear numerous bristles on.the outer surface. The outer dorsal

bristles form a comb, as in Leptopsylla, Hystrichopsylla, ete., while four or five

inner dorsal bristles are prolonged. The first midtarsal segment is much longer

than the second. . The fifth segment of the tarsi bears four pairs of lateral ventral

bristles (in zzgens five pairs !), besides an additional pair on the ventral surface near

the base.

The modified abdominal segments are very similar in all the species. In

the ¢ the eighth tergite is small and the sternite very large. The ninth tergite is

laterally strongly chitinised, a trapeziform plate being formed which bears a row of

bristles at the apical margin and two exopodites at the lower distal angle. The

upper exopodite (F! in our figures) is very long, and reminds one of a sail of a

windmill. It is provided with very thin bristles and bears a short, stout, blunt

spine at the lower distal corner on the inside. The second process (F? in our

figures) is quite short. The horizontal arm of the ninth sternite (one on each side)

is more or less dilated at the apex and studded along the ventral margin with

moderately thick bristles, of which the distal ones are always short and sharply

pointed, The anal segment is long, and there is, proximally to the anal sternite,

always a very distinct plate, of which the trae homology is still obscure (this

sclerite is found in many Siphonaptera). In the $ the seventh sternite has a

broad and very shallow apical sinus in all the species, varying but little. The

eighth sternite is narrow, long, blade-like, with the tip obtuse. The anal segment,

especially the sternite, is long, and bears namerous bristles. The stylet is slender,

conical. There is one receptaculum seminis, of which the head is about as long as

the tail.

Genotype: J). ellobius Roths. (1904, as Ctenopsyllus).

Dinopsyllus ingens is a specialised branch which stands apart from the other

species of the genus. But, as we may expect intermediate forms to be discovered,

it is not advisable at present to place zmgens in a separate genus.

Dinopsyllus is confined to Africa south of the Sahara, and contains only large

species. It is easily distinguished from Palaeopsylla Wagn. (1902) and Lepto-

psylla Roths. (1911) by the hairiness of the body, the long first segment of the

;

{

epee Velie »

( 563 )

antenna, the long pronotum, etc. The species of Dinopsyllus differ from Palaeo-

psylla also in some characters which they have in common with Leptopsylla—

viz. the comb-like dorsal bristles of the tibiae and the long first segment of the

midtarsus—and, on the other hand, are distinguished from Leptopsylla by the

non-angulate frons and the absence of spine-like frontal bristles, besides the pre-

viously mentioned differences. The species of Dinopsyllus are at first sight very

uniform in structure, particularly in the modified abdominal segments, and some

of them exhibit obvious differences only in the males ; at any rate, we have not

been successful in finding the differences in the females of two of the species. The

study of Dinopsyllus, therefore, presents some difficulties.

Besides the genotype, )). ellobius, two other species belonging here have been

previously described by the jnnior author as Typhlopsylla ingens and Ctenopsyllus

hirsutus. The description of ed/obius was based on a single pair and that of Azrsutus

on one female, all in but moderate state of preservation. As we now have a

number of species with which we can compare edlobius and hirsutus, it appears

desirable to point out the main characteristics in which each known species differs

from its congeners. For that reason we propose to enumerate here all the species of

Dinopsyllus with which we are acquainted, whether they were obtained by Mr. Kemp

or some other collector. The genus is evidently one of the chief features of the

Ethiopian fauna of Siphonaptera.

The collection made by Mr. Kemp contains no less than eight species, all being

new to science.

30. Dinopsyllus echinus spec. nov. (text-figs. 31 and 32).

32. The largest species found by Mr. Kemp. It is at once recognised by the

peculiar structure of the derm. The raised lines of the exoskeleton form a network

of rather small and in many places almost regular meshes, generally hexagonal.

On the sides, however, the transverse connections are so thin that the reticulation

appears to be replaced by dorso-ventral lines only connected irregularly. These

lines have the appearance of being densely though minutely denticulated, which is

not the case in any other species known to us. The denticulation is quite distinct

even in unmounted specimens. The teeth are the proximal portions of the trans-

verse lines, of which the distal portions are not visible in transmitted light. The

Species greatly resembles in size and general appearance D). Airsutus Roths. (1908).

Head.—The frons is evenly rounded in the ¢ and inclines very little backwards,

being broad ventrally, the distance of the frontal oral corner to the tip of the

lowest genal spine being larger than the distance from that corner to the vestigial

frontal tubercle. The latter is situated below the centre of the frons. The genal

process measured from the tip of the second genal spine is as long as this spine

measured from the tip of the third spine. The bristles of the head are essentially

the same as in other species of this genus. ‘The maxillary palpus is characterised

by the second segment being longer than usual, the measurements, which vary to

a slight extent, being: ¢ 24, 22, 15,19; ?% 25, 25, 15, 22.

Thoraz.—Vhe pronotum has a comb of thirty-five to thirty-eight spines and

three rows of bristles, of which the anterior row is incomplete. The mesonotum

bears dorsally seven to eight rows of bristles, and has, as in other species, a couple

of setiform spines near the apex internally on both sides. The metanotum bears

only five rows of bristles. The metepimerum has from thirty-five to fifty bristles.

Abdomen.—The basal abdominal sternite has seven bristles in the ¢ and from

( 564 )

twenty-three to thirty-five in the 2. The central segments bear dorsally five

rows of bristles. Most specimens are provided with four combs of spines on

segments II-V, the gd sometimes (e.g. in the type-specimen) bearing a spine at

the apex of the segment I. The numbers of spines in the combs are as follows :

1-7-9; JED8=19, TV 8-185 V0,

Legs.—These agree with the legs of the other species of the genus.

Modified Segments.—S. The ventral angle of the eighth sternite (text-fig. 31) is

Fie, 31.—Dinopsyllus echinus.

rounded off and bears two bristles, the interspace between which either nearly equals,

or is almost twice as wide as, the groove of the upper bristle, which is the larger

Witst. aoe —~. &

= — —_——>

—— - <— ce

— ee 1

Pan ——-

Vikst

Fig. 32,—Dinopsyllus echinus.

of the pair. The long process of the clasper is slightly more convex on the upper

side than on the lower, and is widest proximally to the centre. Its upper margin

( 565 )

is three and a half times as long as the largest transverse diameter of this process.

The ninth sternite bears three sets of bristles on the ventral side, an apical row of

nine or ten, of which the last two are long, a median row of seven or eight, and

a number of thin bristles situated along the proximal half of the segment. The

dilated apex of the ninth sternite is dorsally flattened. ?. The seventh sternite

(text-fig. 32) is rather deeply sinuate. The distance of the long subapical bristles

of this sternite from the bottom of the sinus equals at the most the distance between

four bristles of the last row of the seventh tergite. The eighth tergite nearly

always bears four bristles above the apical sinus and, as in the other species, a thin

one in the sinus, one example having three instead of four bristles.

Length (mounted specimens): 3 4°5 mm., 2 4°5 to 5-7 mm.

1 and 2 ? ? from Mutaragwa, March 7, 1910, off Epimys jacksoni.

1 ¢ from Mt. Kenia, December 5, 1910, off Lophuromys vena.

1 3 and 1 ? from Igembi Hills, N.E. of Mt. Kenia, British Hast Africa,

February 15, 1911, off Epimys spec.

24d and 3 2? ? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., Brit. H. Africa, March 1-14,

_ 1911, off Lophuromys zena.

2 22 from Muhamba, Lake Kivu, March 20, 1911, off Lophuromys zena.

1 2 from Kidaha, Mutanda, Uganda, off Lophuromys spec.

1 ? from Kigezi, Uganda, April 12,1911, off Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens.

31. Dinopsyllus hirsutus Roths. (1908).

Ctenopsyllus hirsutus Rothschild, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) xix. p. 78. no. 4. tab. 1. fig. 4 (1908) (Ruwenzori).

Described from a single 2 obtained on Mus univittatus lunaris. This specimen

agrees closely with the females of the preceding species, but the differences are

such that they would not justify us in treating Avrsutus and echinus as being the

same insect.

2. D. hirsutus shares with D. echinus the dense reticulation of the body, the

long second segment of the maxillary palpus, the shape of the outline of the head,

and the size, but is distinguished by the following characters. The denticulate

appearance of the sides of the abdomen is absent from D. Airsutus, the metepi-

merum bears only 27 (24)* bristles, and the combs of the abdomen contain very

few spines, the numbers being 5, 3, 2, 0 (4, 3, 2, 0). Moreover, the seventh

tergite is abruptly dilated below the antepygidial bristles into an almost rectangular

lobe, the corresponding lobe of D). echinus being much more rounded and projecting

much less. The distance of the long bristle nearest to the base of the sinus of the

seventh sternite is much larger than in J). echinus, equalling the distance between

six bristles of the subapical row of the seventh tergite. The eighth tergite bears

three bristles at the apical margin above the sinus, the upper bristle being much

stouter and shorter than the second. The basal abdominal sternite bears 16 (17)

bristles on the side in D. hirsutus, and 22 to 35 in the 2 of D. echinus.

Mr. Kemp did not meet with this species.

In the species now following the surface of the body does not bear a distinct

reticulation except in a few restricted places—e.g. on the abdominal sternites in

between the bristles—whereas the vertical lines are very obvious. There are few

transverse connections between these lines. The difference between the preceding

* The numbers in brackets refer to the other side of the body.

( 566 )

species and the following ones is even more pronounced in reflected light than in

transparent light, the whole body of D. echinus and hirsutus having the appearance

of being densely covered with an armour of small scales, while in, the following

species only the dorso-ventral lines are visible.

An imitation of small teeth occurs in all the following species in the apical area

of the abdominal sternites, and is observed, as may incidentally be mentioned, in

many other Siphonaptera, e.g. Leptopsylla.

32. Dinopsyllus longifrons spec. nov. (text-figs. 33 and 34).

3 ?. On an average larger than the following species, but smaller than the

previous ones. The frons is longer in the ¢ than in any other known species, with

the exception of the one from Angola described as No. 39 of this paper. The

pronotum, as a rule, has three rows of bristles in both sexes, the abdominal bristles

are very numerous, in the ? particularly on the basal sternite and eighth tergite,

and the ¢ has usually a comb on the first abdominal tergite.

Head.—The frons, in the 6, is very strongly curved (text-fig. 33) in the region

of the frontal tubercle and almost straight farther down, the outline being nearly —

Fic. 33.—Dinopsyllus longifrons.

parallel with the row of genal spines. The vestigial frontal tubercle is situated at

two-thirds in the ¢ and in the centre or a little below it in the 2. The distance of

the tip of the first genal spine from the frontal oral corner is less than half the

levgth of the frons. There is a row of five or six bristles above the vestigial eye,

one longer bristle immediately below this row, and a long one farther down at some

distance in front of the third genal spine (counted from below), Numerous small

bristles varying in number are placed on the frons from the vestigial frontal tubercle

downwards, besides five or six medium-sized ones, which are situated at and near

the frontal and genal edges. The occiput bears three rows of bristles, the last row

containing fifteen or sixteen on the two sides together. The proportional lengths of

the segments of the maxillary palpus are 21-22, 15-17, 11-12, 16-17. The head

of the ¢ agrees with that of the d, except in the frons being much shorter, more

( 567 )

evenly rounded and broader. The short bristles found above the antennal groove

and on the first segment of the antenna are more numerous in the ? than in the d,

the ?-antenua, in addition, being much shorter.

Thorax.—The pronotum has a comb of 27-29 spines in the ¢ and 29-31 in

the ?, and bears in most specimens three rows of bristles, containing in the ¢ 9-11,

16-19 and 14 bristles respectively, the numbers being in the ? 0-3, 18-19, 13-14.

The mesonotum has seven rows of bristles, the anterior rows being irregular and

incomplete ; the metanotum has six rows, of which the first is represented by a few

bristles only. The mesopleura bear in the ¢ 27-30 bristles and in the ? 34-50, the

metepimerum having at least twenty-nine in both sexes.

Abdomen.—In most ¢ ¢o the first abdominal tergite bears a comb of a few

spines, but apparently never in the 2. The second to fifth tergites have a lateral

comb in the ¢ and the second to fourth in the ?, the sixth of the d and fifth of the

2 bearing occasionally a single spine. The numbers of spines in the combs on

each side are: d—I 0-4, II 8-11, III 8-13, LV 11-15, V 6-9, YI 0-1, and in the

? 10, IL 4-6, III 5-7, LV 3-7, V 0-1. The tergites I-VII bear each four rows of

bristles with a few additional small bristles in front. The bristles of the tergites

are more numerous in the d than in the ?. The basal sternite has ten to fourteen

small lateral bristles in the d and seventeen to twenty-three in the 2, besides a

number of bristles placed at the ventral margin. ‘The posterior row on the sternites

of segments IIJ-VI contains on the two sides together eight to eleven long bristles

in both sexes, there being twenty-five to forty-five bristles in front of the row.

Legs.—The forecoxa has about a hundred bristles on the outer surface and

the margins, and the forefemur about ten to fifteen small lateral bristles on the

outside in the ¢ and sixteen to twenty-two in the ?. The mid- and hindfemora

have lateral bristles only at and near the apex. The comb-like dorsal bristles of

the foretibia number eleven or twelve, while those of the hindtibia vary from fifteen

to nineteen. Lach tibia bears four long inner dorsal bristles, the corresponding

bristle of the first notch on the foretibia also being prolonged. The bristles of the

tarsi are short bat very numerous. Many of the additional lateral bristles are

rather pale, such bristles being particularly numerous on the anterior side of the

second hindtarsal segment. The measurements of the tarsi are as follows in

two pairs :

Foretarsus: G—17,15,11,8,16; %—21, 15, 11, 8, 18.

19, 16, 11, 8, 17; 21, 15, 11, 8, 18.

Midtarsus: 3—29, 20, 12,9,20; %—387, 23, 14, 9, 18.

35, 25, 15, 10, 20; 38, 24, 14, 9, 18.

Hindtarsus : ¢—55, 41, 24, 13,20; %—65, 42, 23, 14, 19.

64, 44, 25, 15, 21; 63, 45, 24, 15, 22.

Modified Segments.—6. The eighth tergite (text-fig. 34) bears about a dozen

short bristles above the stigma on each side. The eighth sternite has the apical

margin slightly incarved; the lower angle projecting a little, though it is strongly

rounded off. The bristles number about fifty-five to sixty, and are divided by a

naked apical area into an upper and a lower set, as shown in the figure. The ninth

tergite bears a row of hairs below the sensory plate and four large bristles at the

apical margin of the lateral incrassate portion which corresponds to the clasper of

other Siphonaptera, these long bristles being accompanied by one or two small ones.

The long process F! is more strongly widened in the centre than in the other known

( 568 )

species of Dinopsyllus, and its upper apical angle projects distinctly. The bristles

of the ninth sternite, though somewhat variable, exhibit a common plan of arrange-

ment in all the specimens, There is an apical series of seven to nine, of which the

two posterior bristles—occasionally separated by a short one—are long. In a

proximal direction several minute hairs follow, then a solitary long bristle, and one

or more minute hairs, and finally a row of small and moderately long bristles

(text-fig. 34).——-?. The seventh sternite has nearly the same outline in all the

species, the apical margin bearing a broad and shallow sinus. This sclerite has in

longifrons a postmedian row of-from fifteen to nineteen long bristles on the two

sides together, there being from forty-seven to over sixty smaller bristles in front

of the row. The eighth tergite bears about fifty bristles below the stigma and about

twenty above it, on each side. The apical margin of this tergite is sinuate above

the veutral angle, which is pointed, a thin bristle being placed in the sinus and three

———— == =

— & Ss SSS

¢ =

SSS SS See

= c —— = 2

VilLst.

Fic. 34.—Dinopsyllus longifrons.

larger ones above it. There is an oblique subapical row of four bristles on the inner

surface of the eighth tergite. The receptaculum seminis has a hump on the upper

side of the head.

Length (mounted specimens) : ¢ 35-4 mm. ; ¢ 4°38-5°2 mm.

23 and1 2 from Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, February 13, 1910,

off Tachyoryctes audax ;—type.

1 2 from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare, February 24, 1910, Ofomys trroratus elgonis.

2 2 ¢ from Rumruti, British Hast Africa, October 31, 1910, off Thamnomys spec.

1 3 from Rumruti, British Hast Africa, October 28, 1910.

1 2? from Nakura, British Hast Africa, September 21, 1910, off Arvicanthis

abyssinicus rubescens. ‘

1 3 from Mt. Kenia, British Bast Africa, December 18, 1910, off Lpimuys spec.

1 & from Kigezi, Uganda, April 28, 1911, of Lophuromys spec.

1 2 from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 8, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.

( 569 )

1 ¢ from Mbarara, Uganda, July 30, 1911, off Oenomys spec.

1 3 and1 ? from Mt. Kenia, off Hpimys spec.

1 ? from Kiduhu, Uganda, off Lophuromys spec.

2 2 ¢ from Kigezi, Uganda, April 27, 1911.

1 2.from Kigezi, April 12, 1911, off Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens.

1 ? from Chaya, Belgian Congo, June 17, 1911, off the same host.

33. Dinopsyllus apistus spec. nov. (text-fig. 35).

This species and the next are easily distinguished in the $d, but the ? ? do

not seem to present any reliable differences, provided that the specimens which we

presume to be the females of apistus belong to this species and not to the next.

Fic. 35.—Dinopsyllus apistus.

D. apistus and all the following species are so closely allied to ). longifrons

that most of the characters mentioned in the above description of that species apply

equally well to these other species. For the sake of brevity we shall therefore

endeavour to avoid repetition, and confine the descriptions of the following species

as much as possible to the main distinguishing characters. With the exception

of the last species (from Angola) the thorax and abdomen bear less bristles than

in D. longifrons, the spines in the abdominal combs are less numerous, the od

have no comb on the first abdominal tergite the eighth abdominal tergite of

the 2? has less than forty bristles below the stigma, the frons of the dd is

shorter, and their clasping organs exhibit some distinctions in shape and in the

number and position of the bristles.

3. D. apistus 3 is recognised by the apical ventral angle of the eighth

(570 )

sternite being produced and bearing two long bristles placed close together

(text-fig. 35). The process F' of the clasper, moreover, is a little less widened in

the centre than in 1). longifrons. The ninth sternite (LX. st.) is strongly rounded

dorsally at the apex and very slender in the centre. It bears about six small

and slender bristles in the proximal two-fifths, no bristles in the central fifth, and

a slightly variable comb of stiff bristles in the apical third, either two (type) or

three of the bristles of this comb being as long as the sclerite is broad at the widest,

point of the dilated apex.

The distances of the oral frontal corner from the tip of the ventral spine of the

genal comb on the one hand and from the centre of the vestigial frontal tubercle on

the other are 66 and 100 respectively. The mesonotum has six rows of bristles

(the anterior rows being irregular) and the metanotum five or six rows. The

mesopleura bear sixteen to eighteen bristles, the metepimerum nineteen to twenty-

two, the first abdominal sternite five to seven, the seventh sternite (on the two

sides together) a row of eight, and seventeen to twenty additional smaller bristles,

and the eighth sternite about forty-two bristles. One of the specimens has only one

apical spine on each of the abdominal segments II, III, and IV, while other examples

have several spines—e.g. the type bears on one side 3, 3, 4,1 spines, and on the

other 2, 3, 5, 1.

One of the gd (see below) is accompanied by two ? ? ; these three specimens,

being taken off the same individual of the host, are, presumably, one species. The

two $2 agree in most details with one another, but do not present any marked

difference from ? ¢ obtained in other localities and on other hosts, and belonging

to some other species—e.g. D. lypusus. The number of bristles on some of the

segments are as follows: The mesopleura have seventeen or nineteen bristles, the

metepimerum twenty-four or twenty-five, the first abdominal sternite fifteen or

sixteen, the seventh tergite a row of twelve and twenty small additional bristles on

the two sides together in both specimens, the seventh sternite a row of sixteen and

forty-six additional bristles, also in both examples, and the eighth tergite twenty-

nine or thirty-five bristles below the stigma. There are three abdominal combs,

consisting of 3, 4, 4 and 3, 4, 5 spines.

Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 3—35 mm.; ? 35 mm.

1 3 and 2 2 2? from Mt. Kenia, British East Africa, December 25, 1910.

1 3 from Mt. Kenia, British Bast Africa, December 13, 1910, off Lpimys jacksoni.

1¢ from Mt. Kenia, British Hast Africa, January 2, 1911, off the same host.

1 gd from Kigezi, Uganda, April 28, 1911, off Lophuromys spec. ;—type.

1 3 from Mt. Kenia, British Hast Africa, January 3, 1911, off Heliosciurus heniae.

34. Dinopsyllus lypusus spec. noy. (text-figs. 36 and 37).

Hvidently the commonest species of the genus in British Hast Africa and

Uganda.

3. The ventral apical angle of the eighth abdominal sternite (text-fig. 36) is

strongly rounded off, not being produced as in D. apistus, and bears two bristles,

the space between which is about twice as wide as the groove of a bristle.

Proximally to these bristles there is a very long one, as shown in the figure. The

number of bristles on the eighth sternite is sixty odd (on each side). The process

F! of the clasper is practically the same as in D. apistus, but the ninth sternite is

characterised by bearing an apical row of eight bristles, of which the posterior three

are long, a median row of five to eight, and a few thin proximal bristles.

| pth aye

oy at P ia Chey acne:

Pca,

pleat ted

Shee ye te re Fie

( 571 )

The type-specimen has twenty-seven bristles on the mesopleura, twenty-five on

the metepimerum on one side and twenty-nine on the other, thirteen small ones on

€ A ----W0s.

a rem LZ

“=e

—

q— ae

—e

— is

Fia. 37.—Dinopsyllus lypusus.

the basal sternite, and four abdominal combs consisting of 4, 5, 7 and 1 spines

on one side and 4, 7, 6 and 2 on the other.

( 572 )

Some specimens which we consider as belonging to this species have a vestigial

third row of bristles on the pronotum. A series of five dd (and four ? ?) taken

off Hpimys medicatus at Nairobi, moreover, proves the bristles on the ninth

sternite of the ¢ to be variable in number, particularly the median series. The

numbers of teeth in the abdominal combs of these five dg are as follows (one side

only counted): 4, 5, 7, 5—4, 4, 4, 1—3, 5, 5, 0—4, 6, 5, 3—4, 5, 4, 2.

Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 3°3—4 mm.; ¢ 3-4—4°3 mm.

1 3 and 2 2? ? from Rumruati, British East Africa, October 31, 1910, off Nasilio.

delameret.

3 39¢o from Rumrnti, October 26 and November 8, 1910, off Hpimys medicatus..

2 2 from Rumrati, October 27 and 28, 1911, off Arvicanthis massaicus.

13 and 2 2 ¢ from Rombo, Kilimanjaro, June 7 and 21, 1910, off Arvicanthis:

ardens.

1? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., March 1 and 14, 1910, off Lophu-.

romys Zena.

29% from Nairobi, British East Africa, September 16, 1910, off Arvicanthis.

spec.

? from Nairobi, September 12, 1910, off Otomys spec.

from Nairobi, September 13, 1910, off Arvicanthis spec.

2¢

ine

53 and 4 2? 2 from Nairobi, September 12, 1910, off Epimys medicatus.

? from Nakura, British East Africa, September 20, 1910, off Epimys spec.

from Naivasha, British Hast Africa, September 17, 1910, off Epimys spec.

1 2 from Igembi Hills, British East Africa, February 15, 1911, off Otomys spec.

2929 from Masaka, Uganda, March 27, 1911, off Arvicanthus abyssinicus:

rubescens.

1 3 from Masaka, Uganda, July 31, 1911, off Otomys spec.

1¢ from Kigezi, Uganda, April 2, 1911, off Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens.

233 and 7 $? from Mbarara, Uganda, April 3, 1911, off Oenomys spec.

1 ? from Mbarara, Uganda, July 28, 1911, off Oenomys spec.

1 2 from Kagambah, Uganda, July 10, 1911, off Hpimys walambae pedester.

1 ? from Kagambah, July 14, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.

1 ? from Kagambah, July 14, 1911, off Dasymys medius. f

1¢ and1 ? from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 8, 1911, off Lophuromys ansorget.

35. Dinopsyllus grypurus spec. nov. (text-fig. 38).

6. Similar to D, lypusus, but abundantly distinct in the clasping organs..

The eighth abdominal segment is as in D. lypusus. The two bristles which are

placed near the ventral apical angle are sometimes close together, occasionally

(e.g. in the type-specimen) the space between them is about twice as wide as the

groove of a bristle. The long process ' of the clasper is of nearly even width

throughout and, in contradistinction to all the other species, is bent upwards.

The apex of the ninth sternite (text-fig. 88) is more rounded ventrally than in the

other forms, and the short bristles placed there are straight and thin, at any

rate thinner than in the other species. The number of bristles on the ninth

sternite is not constant, being different to some extent even on the right and left.

halves of the sternite. There is an apical set of from five to eight, of which

two or only one is long, then follows (proximad) a gap with minute bristles,

sometimes interrupted by a single moderately long one (as in fig. 38), and then

( 573 )

a set of three or four, of which one is somewhat prolonged, there being also some

additional minute bristles at the ventral edge farther proximally.

The frons is a trifle longer than in D. /ypusus, The meso- and metanota bear

five rows of bristles, the former having a few additional bristles dorsally near the

base. The mesopleura are studded with eighteen bristles, the metepimerum with

twenty-one to twenty-four, and the first abdominal sternite with three to nine. The

abdominal combs consist of the following spines in the three mounted specimens,

S— ee a" S

M ~— Le ‘sp

' re = La.

" [ vin — é Soe ve

’ (Sh —-> — Pas

« Se

Se eS ZA

SS) =

—— y « eS Ist

ic A

aS a ee ‘

= <

a \ € aN

G =

| \ Fas eee

i en cask iS Ze

Vullist

Fic. 38.—Dinopsyllus grypurus.

the figures in brackets referring to the combs of the other side of the same

specimen : 3, 2, 4 (2, 6, 5)--4, 4, 4 (4, 4, 4)—3, 4, 6 (5, 3, 4).

Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 3:0-3°5 mm,

434 from Mnutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British East Africa, March 24, 1910,

off Dendromys nigrifrons ;—type.

1¢ from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts., March 1, 1910, off Crocidura fumosa.

36. Dinopsyllus eremus spec. noy. (text-fig. 39).

?. Two females obtained by Mr. Kemp in Belgian Congo and one in British

East Africa differ so much in the receptaculum seminis from all other females that

we have no doubt of their specific distinctness. In all the females, inclusive of

D. echinus and hirsutus, the receptaculum has a prominent hump on the upper

side of the “ head,” and apparently does not present any differences in the various

species. On the other hand, the receptaculam seminis of D. eremus has no hump

whatever (text-fig. 39).

The specimen, moreover, is distinguished from D. lypusus and apistus by the

slightly different position of the vestigial frontal tubercle. In the two species

mentioned the tubercle is situated in the 2, a little nearer to the frontal oral

corner than to the hind edge of the frons, while in ). eremus the reverse is the case.

The occiput measured along the dorsal line is twice as long as the distance of

the antennal groove (on the vertex) to the frontal tubercle in D, eremus, and

only aboat half as long again as that distance in D. /ypusus and apistus. The

(574 )

pronotum is longer than in the species mentioned, particularly the comb, which

contains thirty-five spines. The mesopleura bear 20 (19) bristles, the metepimerum

has 26 (25), the basal abdominal sternite 13 (13), the seventh tergite on the two sides

together a row of nine long bristles, and in front of the row twenty-one additional

bristles, the numbers on the seventh sternite being thirteen and forty-eight, and the

eighth tergite has on each side six bristles above the stigma and thirty-one to thirty-

seven below it. The three combs of the abdomen contain 4, 4, 6(4, 2, 6) spines.

The numbers in brackets refer to the other side. The stylet is half as long again as

in D. apistus and lypusus, being as long as in the much larger D. Airsutus and

equalling twice the distance between the first and second bristles of the posterior

Fig. 39.—Dinopsyllus eremus.

row on the sixth tergite. The apical margin of the seventh sternite is more

oblique than in the allied species, the sinus being shallow and the upper lobe

less prominent.

Length (mounted specimen): 3-8 mm.

1 ? from Mt. Mikeno, Belgian Congo, off Lophuromys spec. ;—type.

1 ? from Buhamba, near Lake Kivu, Belgian Congo, June 1, 1911.

1 ? from Igembi Hills, British Hast Africa, February 13, 1911, off Thamnomys

spec.

37. Dinopsyllus kempi spec. nov. (text-fig. 40).

3. A single specimen of Dinopsyllus was found by Mr. Kemp on Graphiurus

microtus saturatus. This example, though closely agreeing with D. lypusus in other

respects, is remarkable for its short round frons, which is more like that of a

lypusus ? thana d. In this character ). kempi comes very near to D. ellobius

Roths, (1904). The vestigial tubercle is exactly in the centre of the frons (text-

fig. 40). The genal process is longer and broader than in D. apistus, lypusus,

and edlobius, and the second genal spine (counted from below) slenderer.

( 575 )

The pronotum has a comb of thirty-one spines and bears two rows of bristles.

The mesopleura have 20 (21) bristles, the metepimerum bears 17 (18), the basal ab-

dominal sternite 8 (6), and the eighth sternite 36 (38). There are four combs on the

abdomen on segments II to V, the numbers of teeth being 7, 8, 8, 8 (7, 9, 10, 4).

The seventh tergite bears a row of eighteen long bristles, and only eleven

Fie. 40.—Dinopsyllus hempi.

additional bristles in front of the row on the two sides together, the numbers on

the seventh sternite being eight and twenty-four respectively.

The apical ventral angle of the eighth sternite is less rounded than in

D. lypusus, but more so than in D. apistus, and the two long bristles placed near

this angle are farther apart from each other than in the allied species, The

ninth sternite bears an apical row of eight bristles, of which two or three are

long, then follow two moderately long bristles and farther proximally a row of four

or five bristles.

Length (mounted specimen) 3-6 mm.

1 3 from Mntaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, March 13, 1910, off

Graphiurus microtus saturatus.

38. Dinopsyllus ellobius Roths. (1905).

Ctenopsyllus ellobius Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xii. p. 490. no, 9. t. 14. fig, 13-15 (1905) (Zululand).

The frous is short and ventrally very broad, the head agreeing best with that

of D. kempi. The distance between the tip of the lowest genal spine and the

frontal oral corner is larger than (d) or as large as (?) that between the frontal

oral corner and the vestigial frontal tubercle. This tubercle is placed below the

centre of the frons in both sexes. The eighth sternite of the ¢ is strongly rounded

off apically, and the two bristles placed near its ventral apical corner (which is quite

effaced) are quite close together.

We take the opportunity of also describing the following species from Angola

collected by Dr. Ansorge.

( 576 )

39. Dinopsyllus horridus spec. (text-fig. 41).

3%. A near relation of D. longifrons, from which it differs chiefly in the

d-genitalia. The upper and lower antepygidial bristles are of practically even

length in the d as well as the $. The last but one genal spine is broader than

in D. longifrons. Both sexes have three rows of bristles on the pronotum, and a

pronotal comb of thirty or thirty-one spines. The mesopleura bear 38 (37)

bristles and the metepimeram 32 (33) in both sexes, the basal abdominal sternite

having 15 (17) in the 3, and 23 (23) inthe . The eighth sternite has on each

side 56 (61) in the d, and the eighth tergite below the stigma 39 (41) in the 2,

while the seventh tergite bears on both sides together a row of twenty-three long

bristles, and forty-eight additional bristles in the d, and sixteen and thirty-six

“VIL st.

Fig. 41.—Dinopsyllus horridus.

respectively in the ?, the numbers of bristles on the seventh sternite being in the

3 11 + 41, and in the 2? 20 + 68. The species has a comb on the first abdominal

tergite in both sexes, the spines in the other abdominal combs being in the ¢

2, 7, 8, 9, 3 (1, 8, 8, 9, 3) and in the 2 2, 8, 9, 8, 0 (2, 7, 8, 8, 0).

The ninth tergite (text-fig. 41) of the d has six or seven long bristles at the

oblique distal margin. The long process of the clasper is less widened in the

middle than in D. longifrons, and its upper distal angle a little less prominent.

The ninth sternite (IX. st.) is much slenderer distally than in any of the other

species, and bears a dense comb of bristles from the apex to the centre, the series

being interrupted twice (text-fig. 41).

Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 3-5 mm., ? 4:3 mm.

1 3 and 1 ? from Pedreira, Angola, November 12, 1904, off Petromys campanae,

collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge.

ied

OA dire Miah OY amin

Pit. Dee allt BA cee

PEE TET, 0 if Mieke ted Re tlh pail

reat aT

(577)

The 2 specimen bears on the sixth abdominal segment a long and stout

apical bristle corresponding to the antepygidial bristles of the seventh segment.

The apical margin is sinuate where this bristle is placed.

40. Dinopsyllus ingens Roths. (1900).

Typhlopsylla ingens Rothschild, Ent. Rec. xii. p. 37. t. 2. fig. 4 (1900) (Cape Colony).

A strongly modified species. The combs of the head and abdomen have almost

disappeared, while the bristles, particularly those on the legs, are more numerons

and longer than in any other species of Dinopsyllus. The species is only known

from South Africa.

Key to the species of Dinopsyllus :

I. Surface of body densely reticulated ; five genal spines.

a. Comb of third abdominal segment containing at least eight spines,

metepimerum with at least thirty-five bristles. D. echinus spec. nov.

Comb of third abdominal segment containing three spines, metepimeram

with twenty-seven or less bristles . . D. hirsutus Roths. (1908)

IJ. Surface of body with dorso-ventral lines ; five genal spines.

A. 3¢ (not known of eremus).

b. Vestigial frontal tubercle in or below centre of frons . 3 pcs

» above centre of frons . F : a Oh

c. The xe brite: placed near the ventral distal angle of the eighth

sternite close together . j : . D. ellobius Roths. (1805)

These two bristles widely apart . : é . D. kempi spec, nov.

d. Long process of clasper curved upwards from base to centre

D. grypurus spec. nov.

The upper and undersides of this process convex . : : ie?

e. Ventral apical angle of eighth sternite strongly produced ; two bristles

at tip of angle very close together . : . D. apistus spec. nov.

The angle rounded off . j ; ; ; . My:

f. The row of bristles on the ninth sea mlraced continuous .

D. horridus spec. nov.

The row widely interrupted é : gy:

g. Combs on second and third abdominal segments vith Fak: or more

spines . : : : . D2. longifrons spec. nov.

These combs with six or fee spines. : . D. lypusus spec. nov,

B. ? 2 (not known of hempi and grypurus).

h. Head of receptaculum seminis without hamp . D. eremus spec. nov.

7" * 55 with prominent hump . c as

i. Metepimerum with more than twenty-eight bristles. , SE

5 ,, Jess than twenty-six ‘4 : : vanity

j. First abdominal tergite with apical spines . D. horridus spec. noy.

3 », Without apical spines ). longifr ons spec. Noy,

hk. Bifience from frontal oral angle to tip of first genal spine larger than

distance to frontal tubercle . , . D. ellobius Roths, (1905)

The former distance shorter than the latter. 2), lypusus spec. nov. and

D, apistus spec, nov.

Ill. 0 to 2 genal spines . ‘ : : é . D. ingens Roths. (1900)

( 578 )

Hypsophthalmus gen. nov.

3$?. Allied to Chimaeropsylla, Dinopsyllus, Palaeopsylla and Leptopsylla.

Genal comb vertical. Hye near base of antenna. Labial palpus consisting of four

segments. Frons without short stout spiniform bristles near anterior margin.

Mandibles slender. One long antepygidial bristle accompanied by two very small

oues. Vertical lines of metepimerum ventrally not more numerous than dorsally

Hindcoxa on inuer surface with a comb or patch of small spiniform bristles. Fifth

segment in all tarsi with four pairs of plantar bristles, all lateral.

Genotype: H. campestris spec. nov.

We also place here the species described as Ctenopsyllus aganippes Roths.

(1902) and Ctenopsyllus granti Roths. (1904), both from the Cape Colony. The

three species agree in the characters mentioned above, but differ 7vter se so widely

in other structures that they may ultimately be classified under different genera.

41. Hypsophthalmus campestris spec. nov. (text-figs. 42, 43 and 44).

3. The frons is almost evenly curved, being minutely angulate just below

the centre. The structnre of the skeleton is different above and below the angle,

Fic. 42.—Hypsophthalmus campestris 9.

as is also the case in Leptopsylla (and some other genera). An internal incrassation

situated below the angle extends from the anterior edge of the frons inwards,

terminating and being most strongly chitinised near the base of the last but one

genal spine (counted from below). There is a row of six bristles along the frontal

edge, ove bristle behind the eye, a second in front of the penultimate genal spine,

and a third nearly on a level with the most ventral bristle of the anterior row. On

the portion of the frons below the angle there are three pale dots, two being placed

close to the comb and the third towards the anterior margin. The genal comb

contains five spines as in Dinopsyllus, the second from below being the longest.

Liar YR Pr.

(579 )

All the spines are rounded at the tip. Above the comb in close proximity to the

fast spine there is the strongly chitinised eye, which appears to be reduced as

regards its function as an organ of sight. The occiput has three rows of bristles.

The antennal groove is closed. The bristles on the second segment of the antenna

are short in both sexes. The club reaches to the hindmargin of the antennal groove,

being very little shorter in the ¢ than in the ¢. The proboscis extends a little

beyond the centre of the forecoxa.

Thorax.—The pronotum has one row of bristles and a comb of twelve obtuse

spines, the apical lobe situated below the comb being about as wide as two spines

taken together. The mesonotum, which is somewhat shorter than the metanotum,

bears two rows of bristles, some additional dorsal bristles and a basal row of very

small ones, besides some internal subapical setiform spines, of which one is placed

a short distance above the ventral angle. The mesopleura have five or six bristles.

There are two bristles, one long and one short, on the metepisternum, one on the

metasternum, two complete rows and an incomplete one on the metanotum, and six

or seven bristles (3,3 or 4) on the metepimerum. The apical edge of the metanotum

is denticulate like the abdominal tergites, but has no spines.

Abdomen. —The tergites bear two rows of bristles, but the anterior row is only

represented by a few bristles on the posterior segments. One bristle is placed

below the stigma. The posterior row contains twelve or thirteen bristles on the

central segments. Tergites I to IV or V have one or more apical spines. The

antepygidial bristle is rather short and stumpy. The sternites of segments III

to VII in the d and III to VI in the 2 bear four long bristles on the two sides

together, sternite VII of the ? seven or eight, there being no small bristles in

front of the row.

Legs.—The subapical sinus of the hindcoxa is very shallow, the angle above it

being but very slightly prominent. The comb on the inner surface of this coxa

consists of six or seven spiniform bristles. All the femora bear in the apical half

abont half a dozen subdorsal bristles and two ventral subapical ones, there being

an additional bristle above and somewhat posterior to the second subapical one on

the mid- and hindfemora and two or three lateral ones on the forefemur. The

inside of the femora bears a small ventral bristle near the apex and a subyentral

one (occasionally absent) towards the base. The tibiae are covered on the outside

with numerous bristles (about thirty on the hindtibia, apart from those placed at

the anterior edge) and their dorsal edge bears five pairs of bristles exclusive of

the apical bristles. ‘There are two more single bristles in between the second and

third and fourth and fifth pairs respectively. Of the dorsal bristles of the tibiae

the outer ones do not form a comb, as in the case of Leptopsylla and Hypsoph-

_ thalmus aganippes. The apical bristles of the hindtarsal segments do not extend

to the apex of the next seement, the first segment bearing the longest bristle, which

nearly reaches to the apical bristle of the second segment. The fourth hindtarsal

segment is twice as long as it is broad. The measurements of the tarsi are as

follows :

Foretarsus: 6, 8,9, 7, 6, 15; 2,9, 9, 8, 6, 16.

Midtarsns: o, 16, 15,10,7,15; %, 17, 16, 11, 8, 16.

Hindtarsns: 6, 30, 23, 15,9,17; %, 34, 24, 14, 9, 17.

Modified Seqments.—&. The eighth sternite is much larger than the tergite,

Its apical margin is rounded, but the ventral angle is produced (text-fig. 43) and

( 580 )

bears five bristles on the two sides together. The body of the clasper (Cl) is very

large. Its distal margin is nearly straight, with the dorsal angle slightly and the

o—

a <VIILst.

Fie. 43.—Hypsophthalmus campestris.

ventral angle strongly rounded. The dorsal margin is placed almost at right angles

to the distal one. The clasper is very strongly dilated ventrally from near the base

~~~ “VIL st

Fig. 44.—Hypsophthalmus campestris.

of the manubrinm, as shown in the figure, and bears some minute bristles at the

dorsal angle, a long one farther down, and a row of three above the rounded ventral

Faber

(581 )

angle. The manubrinm is long and has a rounded apex. The internal arm of

the elbowed ninth sternite (text-fig. 43, IX. st.) is broad. Its dilated apical

portion is rounded on the distal side, while its proximal upper angle is acute,

and produced obliquely upward. The horizontal arm is widest in the centre,

nearly straight above, almost evenly rounded beneath, and bears on the ventral

margin three long bristles, of which the proximal one is large and curves distad,

while the other two are thin and point ventrad. ?. The seventh abdominal

sternite (text-fig. 44) has a broad but shallow sinus which diminishes ventrally,

the lobe placed above the sinus being very strongly rounded and projecting more

than the ventral portion of the segment. The apex of the eighth tergite is truncate-

rotundate and bears eight or nine bristles at and near the edge on the inner and

outer surfaces together, there being farther proximally on the segment eight or nine

more bristles, as shown in the figure (text-fig. 44, VIII. t.). The sensory plate is

rather strongly convex. The anal tergite is transversely raised at the base and bears

on this elevated portion a row of bristles, another set of bristles placed near the

apex of the segment, but none in between the two sets. At the angle below the

base of the stylet there is one bristle. The stylet is straight, conical, three times as

long as it is broad at the base, and bears two minute bristles at a short distance

from the long apical one. The anal sternite has ten bristles, of which one or two

are stout. The receptaculum seminis has a large, irregularly-shaped head, which is

nearly as broad as it is long, its aperture being ventral (as in Ctenophthalmus), not

terminal. The tail is about as long as its head.

1 3 and 1 $ from Kumba, 8.W. Uganda, June 30, 1911, off Otomys spec. ;—

type, do.

1 ¢ from the Igembi Hills, N.E. of Mt. Kenia, February 13, 1911, off

Thamnomys spec.

42. Chimaeropsylla potis Roths. (1912).

Chimaeropsylla potis Rothschild, Bull, Ent. Research ii., p. 270, fig. 1. 2. 3 (1912) (Zomba).

1 3 from Shimbo Hills, British East Africa, July 30, 1910, off Rhynchocyon

spec. Originally described from Nyassaland, where both sexes were found on an

elephant shrew, Rhynchocyon cirnei Peters. :

The species has very broad and strong mandibles, recalling the Sarcopsyllidae.

43. Leptopsylla aethiopicus Roths. (1908).

Ctenopsyllus aethiopicus Rothschild, in Sjdstedt, Kilimandjaro-Kenia Exped., Siphon. p. 5, t. 1.

fig. 8. 9 (1908) (Kibonoto).

1 ¢ from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa March 11-14, 1910,

off Thamnomys tbeanus.

2¢ ? from Mt. Kenia, British East Africa, January 3, 1911, off Thamnomys

spec.

1 ¢ from Mt. Mikeno, Belgian Congo, June 7, 1911, off Thamnomys spec.

( 582 )

SOME NEW ANTHRIBIDAE FROM AFRICA

By Dr. K. JORDAN,

1. Physopterus melanoleucus spec. nov.

3?. Niger, supra brunneo pubescens, vitta mediana dorsali luteo-alba pone

elytrorum basin atque ante eorum apicem dilatata bene expressa ornatus, pronoto

in dorso profunde impresso, carina in medio valde antrorsum flexa, elytris

fasciculatis.

Long. (cap. excl.) : 9-10 mm.

Durban, Natal (G. E. Leigh), 1 d and 2 3 @.

Similar to P. dorsovittis Kolbe (1895, as Platynorrhynchus), but more robust.

A broad stripe runs from the proboscis to near the tip of the elytra, being more or

less clay-colour on the head and pronotam and almost pure white on the elytra. This

stripe occupies the deep dorsal depression of the pronotum. On the elytra it is

clayish at the base, reaches to the fifth interspace behind the subbasal callosity,

and nearly to the lateral margin in front of the apex, occupying only interspaces

1—3 in the centre of the elytra. The frons is broader than in P. dorsovittis.

The second segment of the d-antenna is a little shorter than the third. The

dorsal impression of the pronotum is deeper than in dorsovittis, being flanked as

in that species by a tufted tubercle ; the carina is strongly, almost abruptly, curved

forward in the centre and interrupted. The alternate interspaces of the elytra are

elevated and bear tufts, of which the median one of the third interspace is the

largest, being much larger than the corresponding tuft of P. dorsovittis.

Underside irregularly pubescent ochraceous ; abdomen with two rows of greyish

white spots on each side ; tibiae with two brown rings ; tarsi black, basal half of

segment 1 and middle half of segment 4 white.

2. Physopterus luctuatus spec. nov. —

3%. Niger, supra brunneo-nigro pubescens, griseo variegatus, infra griseo

pubescens, lateribus russo et uigro notatis. Rostrum latum, latitudine dimidio

longius, ad basin subtiliter sulcatum, russam uti frons ; hee subtilissime carinata,

vitta rissa in occipite abrupte angustata, plus minusve griseo marginata. Pronotam

in disco hand depressum, granulis dispersis instructum, vitta mediana late interrnpta

atque macula basali sublaterali russis notatum, carina dorsali fere recta, in medio

paulolo antrorsum curvata et minutissime interrupta, versus latera retrorsum flexa.

Elytra omnino conyexa, ad suturam hand depressa, interstitiis non elevatis, absque

fasciculis, plaga magna communi sat indistincta e maculis parvis albo-griseis

composita utrinque in medio profunde sinuata male determinata,

Long. (cap. excl.): 8 mm.

A small series from Neguelo, Usambara.

Easily recognised by the convex dise of the pronotum and the absence of tufts

both on the pronotum and elytra. The pubescence of the upper surface is brownish

black variegated at the sides with deep russet. The rostrum and frons are densely

covered with russet pubescence ; this broad stripe suddenly narrows to a narrow

stripe beyond the centre of the eyes, and is here more or less edged with grey. The

( 583 )

stripe is again a little wider on the pronotum, but here reduced to two oblong spots,

one apical and the other basal, the sides of the pronotum also bearing some russet

pubescence. In contradistinction to the other species of Physopterus described

from Africa [swleifrons Fahrs. (1839), dorsovittis Kolbe (1895), and melanoleucus

spec. nov.] the pronotum is only depressed behind the carina, the centre of the disc

being convex, apart from a slight flattening in front of the carina; the carina

resembles that of P. dorsovittis. None of the interspaces of the elytra are raised,

and all are practically of the same width; there are no tufts; the base, sides, and

apex are more or less russet, while the sutural area from the subbasal depression

to the apical declivity bears numerous greyish white spots, some being confluent,

others isolated, the spots extending anteriorly and posteriorly to the fifth inter-

space, while they are restricted to the sutural interspace in the middle. The

underside is grey, with the sides of the prothorax broadly black; the metasternum

bears a russet lateral patch. The tibiae have two grey rings, which are sharply

defined, the greater part of the first and fourth tarsal segments also being grey.

The rostrum is broader than in P. dorsovittis, the carinae are sharply marked,

being convergent from the eyes forward and then divergent ; the space between

them is broadly depressed, bearing a median suleus at the base and a slightly

raised median line near the apex, the sulcus being replaced on the frons by a thin

carina.

3. Syntophoderes sparsilis spec. nov.

$?. S. guineenst similis, angustior, niger, Inteo-griseo maculatus, processu

metasternali longiore angustioreque.

Hab. Bailondu, Angola (ex coll. Ertl, type in Mus. Tring), 3 dd and 2 2 9.

Although very close to S. guineensis Kolbe (1895), which also occurs at

Bailundu, the present insect is undoubtedly specifically distinct. It is narrower

than guineensis, the intercoxal process of the mesosternum is shorter and the

process of the metasternum consequently longer, the latter process being longer

than it is broad, while in guéneensés it is broader than long. The abdomen is

rather more coarsely punctured, particularly the last three segments, and, in the 3,

more deeply depressed.

_ _ The upperside is pubescent black, with an inconspicuous intermixture of grey,

and variegated with definite lnteous grey spots. The prothorax bears about fourteen

spots; the largest spots on the elytra are placed in interspaces 3 and 5, viz. one

behind the base, a second in the middle, and a third at the commencement of the

apical declivity, the suture and interspaces 7 and 9 being conspicuously dotted

with luteous grey. The greyish white median ring of the tibiae is sharply defined.

4. Polycorynus longicornis spec. noy.

3 %. P. compressicorni similis, magis elongatus, antennis longioribus, in ¢ haud

spinosis, rostro intra antennas et prosterno ante coxas magis elevatis atque in medio

minus depressis.

Hab, Lukuledi, German Kast Africa (in Mus. Tring, type) ; Bailundu, Angola

(in coll. Ertl) ; a series, the ? ? all from Bailundn.

Slenderer and on the whole a little darker than P. compressicornis ¥. (1801),

The antennae are longer, particularly in the 3, in which sex they extend far beyond

the pygidium, reaching in the % well beyond the humeral angle of the elytra, ‘The

narrow basal portion of the first segment is only about the length of the broad distal

( 584 )

portion in both sexes. In the d segments 3 to 7 are subeylindrical with the apex

incrassate, there being no groove on the inner surface and no apical spines, as is the

case in the ¢ of P. compressicornis; segment 8 is rather more compressed than

7, 9 similar to 8 in shape, except in being slightly broader and flatter, 10 and 11

together less than half the length of 9, the underside of 8 to 11 not pilose. In

the 2 8 is less strongly narrowed basad than in P. compressicornis, and 9 is about

as long as 8, being more than twice as long as 10. The prothorax is longer than

in P. compressicornis, and the angle of the carina on the whole projects a little

farther backwards.

5. Phloeobiopsis plagifer spec. nov.

6 2. Niger, griseo et fusco pubescens, albo et ochraceo variegatus ; antennis

simplicibus, pronoto ac elytris tuberculis parvis penicillatis instructis, elytris ad

apicem et in utroque disco griseo-albis.

Long. (cap. excel.) : 8-12 mm.

Fort Johnstone, Nyassaland, January—February 1896 (Dr. P. Rendall), type ;

Caffraria ; Windhoek, German 8.W. Africa ; Kigonsera and Lukuledi, German Hast

Africa ; a small series of both sexes.

Shaft of autenna rufescent, with grey pubescence, segment 8 half as long

again (?) or twice as long as broad (d), club broad, segment 10 half as broad

again as long, 11 obtuse, slightly longer than broad, emarginate on the anterior

side. Upperside of head and thorax covered with a fuscous pubescence densely

shaded with dark ochraceous, and here and there variegated with greyish dots ;

rostrum transversely depressed at base and again at apex ; frons without median

groove. Pronotum depressed on the disc, with a transverse row of three distinct tufts.

The alternate interspaces of the elytra are slightly raised, especially 3, 5 and 7,

which bear small tufts; the suture and the lateral margin are tessellated grey and

fuscous, and the interspaces 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, more or less evenly dirty ochraceous,

apart from the large greyish white median patch situated on each elytrum.

Pygidinm greyish or yellowish white, like the apex of the elytra. Underside and

legs grey, somewhat variegated with fuscous. Tibiae with three ill-defined fuscous

patches on the upperside and three whitish rings.

6. Phloeobiopsis simplex spec. nov.

%. Niger, supra fusco pubescens, umbrino variegatus albo-griseo subtessellatus,

subtus pube griseo-umbrina vestitus; antennarum articulo 3° quarto longiore,

pronoto elytrisque sine tuberculis penicillisque, illo hand depresso, his sat fortiter

convexis ; processu mesosternali ad latera leviter angulato.

ueue (cap. excl.) : 9 mm.

Togo, West Africa, 1 ¢.

The species reminds one by its style of coloration of Dendrotrogus hypocrita

Jekel and the species of Basitropis. The shaft of the antenna and the legs are

somewhat rufescent. Segment 8 of the antenna is but little longer than broad,

while 11 is about twice as long as it is broad. ‘The frons bears a very shallow

median depression flanked by two slightly raised lines which are divergent anteriorly

and disappear before reaching the apex of the rostram., The pronotum is coarsely

rugate-punctate except at he apex, and somewhat flattened before the carina, but

not impressed on the disc; there is a pair of greyish white dots on each side of the

( 585 )

€

disc, and a second, confluent, pair farther towards the side. The interspaces 2,

4, 6, 8 and 10 of the elytra are umber-colour, while the other interspaces as

well as the outer margin are more or less distinctly chequered fuscous and greyish

white ; a median space on each elytrum and a larger one in front of the apical

declivity are more extended fuscous than the rest of the elytra. The pygidinm is

twice as broad as it is long (apart from the elevate basal portion covered by the

elytra), being almost perfectly semicircular. The sides of the sterna are very coarsely

punctured ; the mesosternal intercoxal process is distinctly angulate at the sides.

7. Phloeobiopsis gracilis spec. nov.

3 2. Griseus, capite et pronoti medio fulvo signatis, elytris linea nigra a sutura

oblique ad limbum extensa ; antennis 3 medium elytrorum attingentibus, articulis

4°_8° dilatatis, pronoto tri-tuberculato, elytris interstitiis alternis subelevatis

pustulosis.

Long. (cap. excl.): 3-5 mm.

Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh), a small series of both sexes.

The prevalent colour of the pubescence is grey, with a yellowish tone here and

there. The very short rostrum bears a transverse fulvous patch at the base, and

there is a similarly coloured patch in the centre of the pronotum. The alternate

interspaces of the elytra are elevate and bear small pustules, which are numerous in

interspaces 1, 3 and 5, some being pale ochraceous, the others black or fuscous ;

from before the middle of the suture a black Jine runs obliquely backwards

to the outer margin, bounding the apical declivity laterally, the two lines together

having somewhat the shape of a lyre. Rostrum, antennae and the greater part of

the legs rufescent ; tip of mandibles black. Second segment of antennae as long as

1 and 2 together, in the ¢ 4 to 8 anteriorly dilated, as broad as the club, 11

elongate-ovate in ¢ and ¢, practically symmetrical. Pronotum oblong, the sides

moderately rounded before the centre, the apical angle projecting, the basal angle

obtuse, in centre of 6 a tubercle bearing black pubescence and being flanked by

two oblique short ridges which are placed a little nearer the apex ; farther laterally

a vestigial additional tubercle. Scutellam white, nearly twice as long as it is broad.

Elytra cylindrical, the sutural interspace only flattened at the apex. Pygidium

much broader than long, subtruncate, the pubescence raised in the middle line. The

lateral posterior angles of the last two abdominal sternites distinctly project in a

dorsal view. Pubescence of tibiae long.

( 586 )

LIST OF MAMMALS OBTAINED BY THE HON. WALTER

ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT AND CARL HILGERT

IN WESTERN ALGERIA DURING 1918.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

D URING April and May of the present year a collecting expedition to Western

Algeria was made, and Mr. Rothschild took with him for the purpose of

trapping and skinning small mammals a special collector, Mr. Alan Ruddle, to-

whose care and attention the excellent condition of the specimens is due.

Apart from a few odd specimens obtained near the town of Algiers the

collection was made at two localities—Oran, on the coast in the north, and Ain

Sefra, in the mountains in the centre of Western Algeria, both being regions.

unrepresented in our series of N. African mammalia.

As a consequence the series forms a very valuable addition to the available

material, and I have therefore thought an enumeration of all the specimens would

be useful. ;

The most interesting specimens are the Elephant Shrews from Oran, as that.

being the typical locality of Duvernoy’s /. rozet’, they have enabled me to examine

and describe a number of other forms of the genus in the British and Tring

Museums. I have also ventured to describe the Hare of Ain Sefra as a new

species.

In all 129 specimens were collected during the trip, a very creditable:

number considering the limited time available for the purpose.

1. Pipistrellus kuhli Natt.

$: 59, 83, 102, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114; 2%: 118, 119, 120. Ain Sefra,

1100 m.

2. Erinaceus algirus Duv.

6: 30. Lalla Marnia, W. Algeria. 360 m.

3. Elephantulus rozeti Duv.

3: 19; 2: 22. Mt. Mourdjadjo, Oran. 400 m.

Topotypes of the species, which was described by Duvernoy from Oran im

1832.

The arrival of these two excellent examples of the typical 2. rozeti creates.

an opportunity to examine certain specimens from Morocco which have been for

some years in the British and Tring Museums under the general name of rozet..

These appear to belong to two new forms, which may be considered as subspecies.

of E. rozeti, as they are both of the larger size distinguishing that species from.

the smaller Z. deserti of Biskra and the Southern Atlas.

( 587 )

Elephantulus rozeti moratus subsp. n.

Size of rozeti, Colour of back more pinkish fawn as compared with the écru

drab of true roveti, the darker dorsal area narrower, so that the much lighter buffy

sides are visible in an upper view. Area at base of and behind ears more or less

prominently ochraceous,

Skull as in rozeti.

Dimensions of the type :—

Hindfoot, 35 mm.

Skull, greatest length, 35-3; condylo-basal length, 32°7; zygomatic breadth, 21 ;

nasals, 14°5; interorbital breadth, 7°3; breadth of brainease, 15°6; upper tooth

series, 178.

Hab. S.W. Morocco. Type from Djebel Chedar, about 80 kilometres S.E. of

Mazagan.

Type. Adult female. B. M. No. 4.7.5.5. Collected April 10, 1904, by F.

Riggenbach.

Four specimens in the British and five in the Tring Museum from the type

locality, and one from the Desert of Zragna (E. G. B. Meade Waldo).

Distinguished by its more buffy or pinkish fawn-colour, and by the narrowing

of the dark dorsal area, which permits the lighter colour of the sides to be seen

from above.

Elephantulus rozeti atlantis subsp. n.

Size as in rozeti. Colour pale brown or dark isabella. Sides paler than

back, but not conspicuously so, a line edging the belly inclining to pinkish buff.

No ochraceous area at base of or behind ears.

Skull comparatively large.

Dimensions of the type :

Hind-foot, 35 mm.

Skall, greatest length, 35°5 ; condylo-basal length, 32:7; zygomatie breadth,

20-3; nasals, 14 ; interorbital breadth, 7; breadth of braincase, 15:5; upper tooth

series, 18°7.

Hab, Ain Moussa, 8. of Seksawa, northern slope of the Great Atlas of

Morocco (approximately 31° N., 8° 20’ W.).

Type. Adult male, B.M. No. 7.6.17.1. Collected April 20, 1905, by

F. W. Riggenbach.

The specimen on which this subspecies is founded is less buffy or rosaceous

than the other N. African Llephantuli in the collection. But there is in the Tring

Museum a specimen from Tless, Duiran, Atlas, which may be provisionally

referred to the same form, and this is coloured something like dark examples of

LE. deserti.

4. Elephantulus deserti Thos.

3: 50 (young). Ain Sefra, 1100 mm.

The colour of this young specimen is quite as in the Biskra /. deserti,

different as is the altitude at which it was obtained. No doubt its colour is due

to the sand-dunes near Ain Sefra, which cause it to have the typical desert colour

found in the Biskra animals.

On the other hand a number of specimens obtained during a previous

( 588 )

expedition of Mr. Rothschild on the plateau to the north-west of Biskra are of so

different a colour as to deserve subspecific distinction from the desert race.

The new form may be called

Elephantulus deserti clivorum subsp. n.

Essential characters of true deserti, but colour darker, the vinaceous pinkish

buff of that animal being overlaid with a darker shade, chiefly due to the numerous

black tips to the hairs. As a result the general tone approaches “ drab-grey,”

though still with a strong suffusion of buffy. Sides less clear buffy than in desert,

more drab-coloured. White colour of undersurface apparently covering less of the

flanks than in deserti.

Dimensions of the type, measured in the flesh :

Head and body, 98 mm. ; tail, 101 ; hind-foot, 32 ; ear, 25.

Skull, greatest length, 33; condylo-basal length, 30-5 ; zygomatic breadth, 19°7 ;

upper tooth series, 17.

Hab, Plateau of Eastern Algeria ; type from Guelt-es-Stel, alt. 900 m.

Type. Adult female, B.M. No. 12.6.12.45. Original number 80. Collected

and presented by Dr. K. Jordan. Four specimens from Guelt-es-Stel and one from

Maafa (W. H. Lindsay) examined, as compared with nearly a score of the

true deserti.

I have also seen a specimen from Matmata, South Tunis, collected by

Miss H. L. M. Pixell, which appeared to belong to this subspecies.

5. Crocidura russula mauritanica Pomel.

Sorex mauritanicus Pomel, C.R. xlii. p. 653. 1856.

Sorex agilis Levaillant, Expl. Sci. Algérie, Mamm. Atl. pl. 4. fig. 2. (Date uncertain—cannot be

accepted as anterior to Loche’s text.) (Young).

Pachyura agilis Loche, Cat, Mamm. Algérie p. 18. 1858. (nom. nud.) ; Expl. Sci. Algérie, Mamm.

p. 87, 1867.

Crocidura araneus Lataste, Mamm. Barbarie, Act. Linn, Soc. Bord. xxxix. p. 206. 1885.

Gd, 03% sls.) Alpers.

The N. African representative of the common White-toothed Shrew is dis-

tinctly darker than its European ally, with a particularly dark-coloured head,

and is no doubt worthy of subspecific recognition.

The animal figured by Levaillant as Sorex agilis—on which the Pachyura

agilis of Loche is founded—is obviously a young example of this common

Shrew. Loche saw no specimen of it, and had no real evidence as to its being

a Pachyura.

6. Crocidura whitakeri de Winton.

Crocidura suaveolens Lataste, Mamm. Barb, p. 209 (nec Pall.).

6 : 47, 66. Ain Sefra, 1100 m.

These are the first Algerian examples of the smaller Shrew referred by

Lataste to C. suaveolens that I have seen, and they are therefore most welcome.

As already stated, I do not think that Levaillant’s Sorex agilis is anything but a

young specimen of the common large Crocidura, so that the name is not

applicable to the present species, in whose synonymy it was placed by Lataste.

But I cannot find. any difference of importance between these specimens and

( 589 )

de Winton’s C. whitaker’, described from an example obtained in S.W. Morocco

by E. Dodson, and therefore now use that name for them.

This Shrew is of a beautiful pale ashy colour, far paler than that of C. russula.

7. Gerbillus hirtipes Lat.

3: 33, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 63, 64, 77; % : 34, 35, 40, 41, 55, 57, 58, 61, 62,

65, 73, 74, 107. Ain Sefra, 1100 m.

8. Dipodillus campestris Lev.

6: 8, 10, 12, 13; 15, 20, 23; 2: 9, 14, 24, 26. Mt. Mourdjadjo, Oran.

Alt. 400 m.

This nice series will be of much value when this most difficult group is worked

out. The exact relations to each other of D. campestris, D. c. rozsikae, and

D. dodsoni are still very doubtful and need series from many places—notably the

type locality, Philippeville—before they can be satisfactorily cleared up.

‘

9. Dipodillus campestris rozsikae* Thos.

6 : 127 (young) ; $: 96 (immature). Ain Sefra, 1100 m.

Owing to neither specimen being fully adult it is diffienlt to be sure of these

determinations, but it would appear that both rozsikae and dodsoni occur side by

side at Ain Sefra just as at Biskra.

While at Oran Dipodillus is the common Gerbil, so that a series of

D. campestris was easily found, the genus is comparatively rare in the more desert

country to the south, probably owing to the competition and dominance of the

hairy-footed Gerbillus hirtipes.

10. Dipodillus dodsoni Thos.

3: 81, and separate skull. Ain Sefra, 1100 m.

Typical locality. Ain Hammam, Tripoli.

11. Pachyuromys duprasi Lat.

3: 126. Ain Sefra, 1100 m.

Unfortunately quite young. Adult wild-killed examples of the “ Boubéda”

are still much wanted, as the majority of the specimens in different museums are

the offspring of those kept alive in Paris by M. Lataste.

12. Meriones shawi Rozet.

3: 49, 60, 67, 69, 70, 72, 75, 76, 78, 80, 88, 89, 90, 91, 99,125; 2: 42, 43,

68, 71, 79, 82, 84, 86, 87, 93,97. Ain Sefra, 1100 m.

As usnal, the most common smal! mammal of the locality.

* Misspelt roszikae in original description, This mistake may be corrected as being what the

International Code terms an “ error of transcription.”

(590 )

13. Meriones schousboei Loche.

fd: 122,124; 2: 92, 98, 106, 121, 128. Ain Sefra.

In this locality at least the present species is distinguishable from the common

Djerd not only by its larger bullae, but by its more heavily blackened and tufted

tail, whose end is to a certain extent black below as well as above, which is not the’

case in M. shawi.

14. Mus musculus L.

6: 32. Ain Sefra, 1100 m.

The specimens of both M/. algirus and M. musculus are marked as having been

caught in the hotel. The latter, though paler than N. European musculus, has the

characteristic muddy-coloured belly, white digits and comparatively long tail of

that animal.

15. Mus algirus Pomel.

3: 38, 39, 44, 94: 2: 36,37, 95. Ain Sefra, 1100 m.

16. Apodemus sylvaticus hayi Waterh.

ee he la wo eter

: 11,17, 18, 21,25; 2: 16. Mt. Mourdjadjo, Oran, 400 m.

: 28,29; 2: 27. Hills above Bou Médine, near Tlemcen, 900 m.

Oy OY OY

17. Jaculus gerboa Oliv.

2129 (young). Hammam RPvhira, N. Algeria, 500 m.

18. Jaculus jaculus deserti Loche.

3: 100, 101, 103, 105, 116; %: 48, 104,115. Ain Sefra.

The characteristics of the five subspecies which may be recognised of the

smaller N. African Jerboa are pointed out Ann. Mag. N. H. (9) xi. p. 484, 1913.

19. Lepus sefranus sp. n.

3: 45,117; 2: 31,108. Ain Sefra, 1,100 m.

A hare with a strong pinkish suffusion in its colour.

Size and other characters about as in L. pallidior or tunete, but the general

colour strongly suffused with pinkish, so as almost to approach Ridgway’s

“ vinaceous-baff,” the other N. African species being “cream-buff” or “ pinkish

buff.” Crown distinctly more buffy than in L. sherif, which in some respects this

species most resembles. Ears pinkish buff, the dark edge at their tips reduced to a

minimum. Nape strong buffy pinkish, but, owing to the general pink colour of the

animal, the nape is less contrasted with the back than usual. Chin and belly

white ; rest of undersurface pinkish buff. Tail not very long, its upperside black,

its sides and undersurface white.

Dimensions of the type, measured in the flesh :

Head and body, 405 mm.; tail, 70; hiad-foot, 108; ear, 105.

Skull, greatest length, 82 ; condylo-incisive length, 71:3.

Se ee ee

(591 )

An older skull has a greatest length of 84 mm., condylo-incisive length, 74.

Hab. As above.

Type. Female, No. 31. (B.M. No. 13.8.6.89.) Collected May 2, 1913.

All the N. African hares are very closely allied, belonging to but a single

group of the genus, and it might almost be said that they belong to but a single

species—in a broad sense—with a number of local races. Among these local races

(for which at present it seems necessary to use binomial names) the Ain Sefra hare

is distinguished by its pinkish colour, which is of quite a different shade from that

of L. whitakeri, and is absent in any other described form.

DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SYNTOMIDS.

By tae Hoy. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Pu.D., F.R.S.

Metaxanthia aureiventris sp. nov.

?. Differs from vespiformis Druce by having the first two segments of the

abdomen black above, while below the abdomen is entirely yellow. The hindwings

‘are also more vitreous, the sooty black scaling being confined to the fringe.

Hab. Cananche, Cundiuamarea, July 1903 (M. de Mathan).

Metaxanthia atribasis sp. nov.

2. Differs from vespiformis in having the anterior half only of the first

abdominal segment black above and below, the rest of abdomen entirely yellow.

The forewings are more densely scaled.

Hab, Paramba, Ecuador, 3500 ft., March 1897, dry season (W. F. H.

Rosenberg).

[The hitherto undescribed ¢ of vespiformis Drace has the basal two-thirds

of forewing sooty black, and only the basal segment of the abdomen and the

posterior half of the subbasal yellow. |

(592 )

ERNST HARTERT’S EXPEDITION TO THE CENTRAL

WESTERN SAHARA *

XV.

RHYNCHOTA HETEROPTERA.

By Dr. G. HORVATH.

Dr. Ernst Harrert, during his expedition to the Central Western Sahara, in

1912, also secured some Rhynchota Heteroptera. This small collection, and some

other specimens collected by the Hon. Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert during

former trips to the Northern West-Sahara and Algeria, have kindly been presented

to the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest. There are in these collections 72

specimens, belonging to 37 species, of which four are new to science. One of the

latter represents also the type of a new genus.

As to the itinerary and the localities, see Nov. Zool. xx. p. 1-27, also xviii.

pp. 456-471.

CYDNIDAE.

1. Amaurocoris aspericollis Put.

1 ?, Southern Oued Mya; 1 ?, El-Golea. Described from Tunisia.

PENTATOMIDAE.

2. Odontotarsus grammicus L.

5 $d, 1%, Hammam Rhira, This is the true Linnean species, which does

not occur in Hurope and is confined to North Africa.

3. Graphosoma lineatum L.

6 63,2 2%, Hammam Rhira. This species was described by Linneus from

“Manritania.” For along time it has been overlooked and confounded with the

European Gr, italicum Mill. 1 have, however, shown that these two species are

quite distinct, and that only Gr. dineatum is found in North Africa. This latter

species has also been found in Sardinia and Corsica, and once in Southern France,

near Toulon (see Ann. Mus. Hung. vii. 1909, pp. 148-50),

4, Aelia acuminata L.

1 $, Hammam Rhira. A common widespread Palearctic species.

5. Staria lunata Hahn.

1d, Hammam Rhira. Not rare in Central aud South Europe, North Africa,

and West Asia,

* See antea, pp. 1-163, and pp. 444-469.

nha ll Sag Cb a

( 593 )

6. Carpocoris pudicus Poda.

236, 3 $2, Hammam Rhira. The Algerian specimens of this very wide-

spread species belong to a Southern variety characterized by the more or less

acately prominent lateral angles of the pronotum.

7. Chroantha ornatula H.-Sch.

1 3, Touggourt to El-Oned. Distributed in the Mediterranean region, as well

as in Arabia, Persia and Transcaspia.

8. Brachynema virens Klug.

1 3g, 1 2, half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea ; 1 ?, Southern Oued Mya ;

1 3, north of El-Golea. This species was originally described from Hgypt, but is

recorded also from Algeria, Tunisia, South France, South Russia, the Caucasns,

Turkestan and Syria.

9. Nezara Heegeri* Fieb.

1 2, Biskra. A widespread insect, which occurs in the whole of the Mediter-

ranean region, and is known also from the Canary Islands, Arabia, Somaliland,

and Madagascar.

COREIDAE.

10. Micrelytra fossularum Rossi.

1 $, Hammam Rhira. A South European species, but known also from

Algeria, Tunisia, and Marocco.

LYGAEIDAE.

11. Spilostethus saxatilis Scop. var. lusitanicus H.-Sch.

1 ¢, north of El-Golea. This variety lives only in Portugal, Spain, and

Algeria.

12. Spilostethus longulus Dall.

1 3, Biskra. A North African species, but also recorded from Abyssinia,

Shoa and Arabia.

13. Spilostethus pandurus Scop.

1 $, Hammam Rhira; 1 d, Biskra. A very widespread Mediterranean species,

which is distributed also in the Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian regions.

Var. militaris Fabr. 3466,4 3%, Biskra.

14. Spilostethus equestris L., var. lactans Horv.

1 ?, Hammam Rhira; 1 ?, Hammam Meskoutine. This variety appears to

be confined to Algeria.

15. Spilostethus fulvipes Dall.

1 3, Biskra. This species is recorded from Algeria, Egypt, Nubia, Arabia,

and Persia.

* By special request of the author dedication-names have been spelt with capitals, —Ep,

( 594 )

16. Melanocoryphus guttatus Ramb.

1 ?, Hammam Rhira. This species was hitherto always mixed up with

M. superbus Poll., but is at once distinguished by the bright red tibiae. It

was described originally from Spain, and is not rare in Algeria. The brachypterous

form was published by me under the name var. monostigma, as a variety of

M. superbus, and by O. M. Reuter under the name M/, Puton? as a distinct species.

17. Hyalocoris pilicornis Jak.

1 3, Southern Oued Mya. This desert species was originally described from

Soath Russia, but occurs also in Tarkestan, and is already known from Algeria.

18. Aphanus carbonarius Ramb.

1 3d, Hammam Rhira. This uncommon species was originally described from

the South of Spain, and has been recorded from Algeria and Marocco.

19. Camptocera Horvathi Jak.

2 22, Oued Nssa, between Ghardaia and Guerrara. This species was described

originally from South Russia and the Cancasus, but has been found since then in

Turkestan, Syria, Tunisia, Algeria and Madeira.

REDUVIIDAE.

20. Oncocephalus Putoni Reut.

1d, Hammam Meskoutine. Described from Algeria, and occurring also in

Tunisia.

21. Oncocephalus fasciatus Rent.

1 dg, Mraier, between Biskra and Touggourt. Described from Ouargla in the

Sahara,

22. Stirogaster desertorum nv. sp.

Pallide straminea ; capite pronoto + breviore, nigro, ante antennas superne

pallido, parte anteoculari postoculari et oculo simul sumtis } breviore, fronte

apicem yersus leviter declivi, jugis inter antennas in dentes duos pallidos

elevatis, vertice oculo fere + angustiore, parte postoculari usque ad collum

utrinque rotundato-angustata et tuberculis setigeris instructa; oculis valde

exsertis, breviter setosis, subtus contiguis ; articulis duobus basalibus antennarum

longitudine aeqnalibus et pilis erectis longis vel longiusculis dense obsitis, articulo

primo capite + longiore, articulis apicalibus parece breviterque pilosulis ; rostro

leviter infuscato, articulo primo artienlo secundo sublongiore et paullo pone

marginem anticum oculoram extenso ; pronoto latitudine sua basali dimidio longiore,

basi quam apice triplo latiore, subtiliter granulato, lobo antico quam postico

circiter 2 breviore, pallido, angulis anticis extrorsam in dentem nigrum productis,

lobo postico nigro-fusco, carinis duabus percurrentibus, retrorsum divergentibus

instructo, angulis posticis haud vel vix prominulis, nonnihil elevatis et pallidis ;

scutello nigro-fusco, apice leviter elevato; elytris abdomine paullo longioribus et

angustioribus, fascia diffusa, extus abbreviata pone medium, clavo, basi corii

maculaque magna, areas membranae occupante et interdum utrinqne usque ad

(595 )

margines laterales extensa, nigris; segmentis connexivi saepissime maculis

marginalibus et apice ventris cum segmento genitali nigris vel nigricantibus ;

femoribus annulo subapicali nigro-fusco signatis; femoribus anticis pronoto

capitique usque ad suleum transversum simul sumtis longitudine aequalibus et

altitudine maxima fere quintuplo longioribus; tibiis anticis leviter curvatis et quam

femoribus anticis brevioribus. ¢. Long. 11-12 mill.

1 3g, south of Ghardaia. The Hungarian National Museum possesses also 1 3

from Beni Ounif, S.W. Algeria.

Differs from S¢. Mausti Jak. by the bicolorous pronotum and shorter elytra,

surpassing only less the tip of the abdomen.

23. Holotrichius spec. ?

Southern Oued Mya. The single specimen is a nymph, and therefore the species

cannot be recognized,

24. Reduvius Harterti n. sp.

Oblongus, flavo-albidus ; capite nigro, apice pallido, ante oculos valde deflexo,

pone oculos retrorsum fortiter angustato, vertice oculo + angustiore, gula inter

oculos basi articuli tertii rostri aequilata; oculis valde exsertis ; antennis pilis

semierectis mediocribus sat dense vestitis et adhue setis semierectis longioribus

obsitis, articulis duobus basalibus com basi articuli tertii flavo-albidis, articulis

reliquis (basi articuli tertii excepta) infuscatis, articulo secundo articulo primo fere

duplo longiore; pronoto nigro-fusco, opaco, lobo postico lobo antico distincte

longiore, carinis pone medium destituto, angulis lateralibus obtusis, ultra marginem

lateralem corii hand prominulis; scutello fasco-nigro, apice pallido, minus longe

producto et parum recurvo; elytris flavo-albidis, apicem abdominis sat longe

superantibus, clayo et corio basi nigris, parte reliqua illius fasciaque pone medium

hujns stramineis, membrana nigra, macnla magna apicali maculisque duabus

lateralibus (una ad marginem apicalem corii, altera opposita limbi interioris) albis

notata ; pro- et metastethio (acetabulis exceptis) apiceque abdominis nigro-fnscis ;

connexivo et pedibus totis pallidis, immaculatis ; tibiis anticis rectis, fossa spongiosa

brevissima, partem decimam apicalem occupante, instructis ; tarsis omnibus distincte

triarticulatis, articulo prima tarsorum posticorum articulo secundo } breviore,

articulis secundo et tertio longitudine aequalibus. d. Long. corp. 114, cum

membrana 123 mill.

1 3, Southern Oued Mya.

This species, named in honour of Dr. E. Hartert, is closely allied to R. tabidus

Klug, but differs by the narrower vertex, the longer elytra, the pale clavas dark

only at the base, the absence of the dark band of the corium, the less produced and

at the apex less erected scutellum, as well as the entirely pale colour of all the

femora.

25. Pirates hybridus Scop., var. stridulus Fabr.

13, Sidi Maklonf. This variety, which is distributed in the western parts

of the Mediterranean region, represents perhaps a distinct species.

26. Rhinocoris erythropus L.

13,2 33, Hammam Rhira, A Mediterranean species.

( 596 )

27. Sphedanolestes sanguineus Fabr., var. albiventer Rey.

1g, Hammam Rhira. The typical form of this species inhabits the western

parts of the Mediterranean region. The variety has been recorded from S. France

and Algeria.

CAPSIDAE.

28. Phytocoris femoralis Fieb.

1 ¢, Hammam Rhira. Recorded from the western parts of the Mediterranean

region, but I have also received one specimen from Dalmatia.

29. Calocoris hispanicus Gmel., var. nemoralis Fabr.

1 dg, Alger. A most variable Mediterranean species.

Var. piceus Cyrill. 1 2, Hammam Meskoutine.

30. Calocoris rubrinervis H.-Sch.

1 dg, Hammam Meskontine. This species, recorded as living on Tamaria,

is distributed in North Africa, Spain, Portugal, and the Canary Islands.

31. Camptobrochis Martini Put.

1 $, Oued Nssa, between Ghardaia and Guerrara. This species was originally

described from Biskra, but has been taken also in other localities of Algeria and

recorded from Egypt, Cyprus, and the territory of Obock.

32. Laemocoris strigifrons Rent.

1¢, Biskra. Described from Tunisia,

33. Limoceraea nov. gen.

(Aivov = thread ; xepas = horn.)

Corpus elongatum. Caput (¢) parvulum, subperpendiculare, a supero visam

triangulare, pone oculos ne minime quidem constrictum, vertice horizontali, postice

sinuato et distincte marginato, clypeo basi a fronte sat bene discreto, parum

prominente, loris bene discretis, augustis, angulo faciali recto, gula peristomio

aequilonga. Oculi pronoto contigui, magni, a latere visi ovales, latera tota capitis

oceupantes, orbita interiore recti, paralleli, Antennae corpore paullo breviores,

crassiusculae, filiformes, paullo infra lineam mediam oculorum insertae, articulis

omnibus aeque crassis, articulo tertio articulo secundo } breviore et quam articulo

quarto % longiore, articulis duobus ultimis simul sumtis articulo secundo

+ longioribus. Rostrum coxas posticas attingens, articulo primo usque ad basin

capitis extenso, Pronotum trapezoideum, antrorsum fortiter angustatum et

convexo-declive, annulo collari sat lato instructum, basi subtruncatum, callis

hand discretis. Scutellum basi bene discretum, parte apicali tumido-elevata. -

Elytra albo-signata, completa, parallela, cuneo parum declivi et extrorsum deflexo.

Xyphus prosterni marginatus. Pedes mediocres; tibiis brevissime et tenuissime

pilosulis ; tarsis posticis articulo primo brevi, articulo secundo tertio paullo

longiore ; unguiculis leviter curvatis, aroliis brevissimis.

‘

(597 )

This genus may be placed near Laemocoris Jak. Rent. and Cyrtopeltocoris

Renut., but differs from them by the structure of the head, the thicker antennae, and

the not sinuated hind-margin of the pronotum.

Linoceraea lunigera nu. sp.

Rufescenti-ferruginea, nitida, superne pilis semierectis parce praedita, dimidio

postico pronoti elytrisque nigris, his prope apicem scutelli macula transversa

communi semilunari lactea ornatis ; capite cum oculis latitudine basali pronoti

fere 4 angustiore, vertice oculo } latiore, clypeo infuscato ; antennis nigris,

articulo primo basique articuli secundi flavo-testaceis, articulo secundo latitudine

basali pronoti } breviore; pronoto basi quam annulo suo collari fere triplo

latiore; elytris apicem abdominis sat longe superantibus, membrana nigro-fumata

et nigro-venosa; lobo postico prostethii nigro; tibiis posticis tarsis posticis

33 longioribus, his flavo-testaceis. ¢. Long. corp. 3, cam membrana 34 mill.

1 gd, Oued Nssa, between Ghardaia and Guerrara,

34. Atomophora picticornis n. sp.

Superne albida, opaca, albido-pilosa ; capite, pronoto et scutello dense fusco-

variegatis ; vertice oculo aequilato ; antennis albidis, annulo subapicali articuli primi,

annulis duobus (una versus basin, altera versus apicem) articuli secundi annulisque

duobus (una basali, altera apicali) articuli tertii fuscis, articulo secundo latitudine

basali pronoti } breviore; elytris fusco-punctatis et praesertim basin versus et

ad marginem externum maculis badiis ornatis, cuneo maculis duabus majoribus,

una basali interna, altera marginali externa, fusco-nigris notato, membrana fumata,

albido-irrorata, venis albidis ; corpore subtus fusco-sanguineo, obsolete albido-

variegato; tibiis posticis albis, nigro-spinulosis, superne punctis magnis nigris

signatis; tarsis posticis pallidis, apice fuscescentibus. od. Long. circiter

24 mill.

1 d, Oued Nssa, between Ghardaia and Guerrara.

Allied to A. pantherina Reut., but at once distinguished by the annulated

antennae and the pale tarsi. The single specimen is in too bad conservation, and

therefore does not permit of a more complete description.

35, Atomophora spec ?

1 2, Southern Oned Mya. The single specimen is unfortunately in very bad

condition, and the identification impossible. It belongs probably to a new species.

36. Atomoscelis tomentosus Rent.

1 3, Southern Oued Mya. Described from Hegypt.

37. Campylomma angustula Reut.

1 3, Southern Oned Mya; 2 2%, Oued Nssa, half-way between Ghardaia and

Guerrara. Described from Heypt.

( 598 )

ovele

LIST OF SAHARAN HYMENOPTERA COLLECTED BY

DR. E. HARTERT.

By tHe Rey. F. D. MORICE

Plate XV.

Anthophila.

Andrena morio Brullé.

1 ? ; Laghouat, 27. iv. 1911 (Hon. Walter Rothschild and E. Hartert).

Anthophora ambiqua Perez.

2 992 El-Meksa (S. of El-Golea), 2. iv. 1912.

Anthophora harmalae Mor. var. ?

1 2; S. of Ghardaia, 26-30. v. 1912.

(I name it with some hesitation, because the hind metatarsus is entirely

black-haired, while Morawitz says only that it has a dark apical penicillus,

and that the legs have white hairs externally and black internally. In all other

points, however, it answers to the description of harmalae, and according to Friesi’s

tabulation, it should certainly be that species. I have an exactly similar ? from

Biskra taken in June 1911.)

Anthophora fulvitarsis Brullé.

2 29; Laghonat, 6.iv.1911 (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert).

Chalicodoma nasidens Friese.

2 99; Ghardaia (and 8. of Ghardaia), 26-30. v. 1912.

Chalicodoma sicula Rossi.

1 2; Laghouat, 4-11. iv. 1911 (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert).

Eucera ephippia Dours (sec. Friese).

1 2; Guelt es-Stel, 3. iv. 1911 (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert).

(According to Prof. Perez this species should be called Aispana Dours.)

Eucera numida Lep.

1 2 ; Boghari, 3.iv. 1911 (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert).

Melecta armata Pz.

2 29; Laghonat, 6 and 8.iv. 1911 (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert).

Diploptera.

Polistes gallicus ¥.

1 ? ; Boghari, 3. iv.1911 (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert).

Eumenes arbustorum Pa.

1 ?; 8. of Ghardaia, 26-30. v. 1912.

Eumenes coarctatus L. (= pomiformis D.T.), var. mediterraneus Kriechb.

1 2; Hl-Golea, May 1912.

( 599 )

Eumenes dimidiatipennis Sans.

2°92; Oued Mya, 4. v. 1912.

1 $ ; Sands of El-Arich, 8.W. of Touggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912.

1 ¢; El-Golea, 10-13. v. 1912.

Alastor harterti n. sp. (see description infra).

1 ¢; S. of Ghardaia, 26-30. v. 1912.

Mutillidae.

Apterogyna morawitzi Rad.

236; S. of Ghardaia, 26-80. v. 1912.

Apterogyna savignyi KI.

1d; Oued Mya, iv. 1912.

246; S. of Ghardaia, 26-30. v. 1912.

Milluta chobauti André.

1 ¢; Oued Nssa (Ghardaia to Guerrara), 3-5. vi. 1912.

(As far as I know this is the only specimen that has occurred since those

described by André as taken at Ghardaia by Dr. Chobaut. The ? is unknown.)

Mutilla (Ephutomma) biskrensis André,

13; 8.W. of Touggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912.

1 6; S. of Ghardaia, 26-30. v. 1912.

(Only ? 2 of this species have yet been recorded. I took one of that sex at

Tozeur in Tunisia in May of this year (1913).

These do have exactly the same long and narrow thorax which characterizes

the $, and | feel safe in associating them with it).

Mutilla (Ephutomma) sanguinicollis Kl.

2 63; Oued Mya, iv. 1912.

483; Oued Mya, 4. iv. 1912.

14; 5S. of Guardaia, 26-30. v. 1912.

(Probably, as André suggests, this d is identical with dichroa Sich. & Rad.,

and I strongly suspect that its ? is continua F., in which case the latter name

would claim priority.)

Mutilla (Pseudophotopsis) kokpetica Rad.

2364; 8. of Ghardaia, 26-30. v. 1912.

Mutilla (Pseudophotopsis) komarovi Rad.

1 3 ; El-Golea, 10-13. v. 1912.

Mutilla ( Tricholabiodes) aegyptiaca Rad.

1 3; Oued Mya, 4. v. 1912.

3464; 8%. of Ghardaia, 26-30. v. 1912.

Scoliadae.

lis (Trielis) carbonaria Kl.

1g; Laghouat 4-11. iv.1911. (Hon, W. Rothschild and Ernst Hartert.)

( 600 )

Pompilidae.

Pompilus platyacanthus Kohl var.

1 2? ; Nza ben Rzig (between Biskra and Touggourt), 24. ii, 1912.

(This specimen differs from the type in being entirely black. It has the

normal number of six dilated spines on the front metatarsus.)

Pompilus polyspathus n. sp. (See description zn/ra.)

1 2 ;8. of Ghardaia, 26-30, v. 1912.

Salius eatoni HK. Saunders.

2 22; Ghardaia 26-30. v. 1912.

Sphecidae.

Ammophila (Psammophila) hirsuta Scop.

1 2; Boghari, 3. iv. 1911.

Ammophila (Psammophila) micipsa Morice (Qy. = ebenina Spin. ?)

1 2 ; Sidi Maklouf, N. of Laghouat, 4.iv.1911. (Hon. W. Rothschild and

E. Hartert.)

Ammophila (Psammophila) mauritanica Mercet.

1 2 ; Ghardaia 26-30. v. 1912.

Sceliphron spirifex L.

1 ¢ ; Sands of El-Arich, 8-9. vi. 1912.

Stizus rufiventris Rad.

1 2? ; Oued Nssa, 3-5. vi. 1912.

Heterogyna.

Camponotus sylvaticus Ol. (sec. André, Species, Tome II).

3 22% (one dealated); Touggourt, iv. 1909. (Hon. W. Rothschild and

E. Hartert.)

1 2 ; Oued Mya, iv. 1912.

(Very Jarge specimens, about 17 mm. long. Colour typical, according to

André, My acquaintance with the Formicidae is very superficial !)

Myrmecocystus (Cataglyphis) bombycinus Rog.

1 %; Boa R’Mees, near El-Oued, 7. v. 1909. (Hon. W. Rothschild and

EK. Hartert.)

Dorylus oraniensis Lucas.

1 3; Biskra, 26.iv.1909. (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert.)

(Also two small $ ? of Formicidae spp. which I cannot name confidently.)

Chrysidae.

Stilbum splendidum F.

1 (2?) Ghardaia, 20.iv.1911. (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert.)

Chalastogastra.

Cephus (Trachelus) tabidus ¥.

1d; Hammam R’hira, North Algeria, 31. v. 1911. (Hon, W. Rothschild and

E. Hartert.)

( 601 )

The following Ichneumonids, ete., have been determined by Mr. Clande.

Morley:

Ophion obscurus F.

3 (sex not stated) ; Bordj Ferjan, 41 kilom. E. of Touggourt, April 1909.

1 ? ; Ghardaia, 19. iv. 1911. (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert.)

Paniscus planipes Tosq.

2 9% ; Ghardaia, 19 and 22. v.1911. (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert.)

Paniseus rufescens Tosq.

1 2? ; Oued Mya, iv. 1912.

Paniscus elegans Szept.

1 ? ; Bordj Chegga, S. of Biskra, 21. ii. 1912.

Mesochorus sp.

1 ? ; Ghardaia, 19. iv. 1911. (Hon. W. Rothschild and EB. Hartert.)

Rhogas sp. (Braconid),

1; Ghardaia, 19. iv.1911. (Hon. W. Rothschild and E. Hartert.)

The following Braconids are as yet undetermined :

1 ? ; from 8. of Ghardaia, 26-30. v. 1912.

1 (d ?) from Oued Mya, iv. 1912.

Descriprions or tHe New Spxrcrrs.

Pomphilus polyspathus n. sp. °.

Pompilus platyacantho Kohl simillimus et affinis sed (ut videtur) maior,

totus niger (exceptis oculoruam marginibus externis angustissime et mandibulis in

medio rufescentibus), sabplumbeo-obscure sericans, alis valde infuscatis. Metatarsi

antici serie duplici spinularam armantur, quarum non minus quam xovem (!) in

serie externa ante apices acutos lanceolatim dilatantur. Tempora pone oculos et

prosternum pilis suberectis satisque longis sed tennissimis mediocriter dense

vestiuntur; etiam in vertice, propodeo, segmentis dorsalibus abdominis primo et

sexto pili similes sed rariores iuveniri possunt. (Long. corporis circa 22 mm.).

The insect is extremely like a colossal, very dark, specimen of platyacanthus,

having precisely the same general qqieeecede formed head, propodeum,

etc.,—very long and slender antennae, ete., and a double row of metatarsal spines.

But Herr Kohl, whom I have consulted on the subject, tells me that he thinks it

must be specifically distinct from his insect. Besides the much greater number

(nine instead of six) of the dilated spines, the face of polyspathus appears to be

considerably more transverse than in platyacanthus, the post-ocelli are certainly

nearer to each other than to the compound eyes, and in the forewings the second

cubital cell is (at least in the present specimen) longer as compared with the third

than is the case with platyacanthus.

I notice that the surface of the abdomen, in a place where the pubescence is

slightly rubbed, appears shining when viewed with a hand-lens, but under the

componnd microscope (one-inch power) is seen to be exceedingly closely and evenly

covered with transverse rows of minute punctures, or rather “ punctula,” almost

touching each other, but not in the least confluent or rngulose. Elsewhere the

( 602 )

density of the pubescence quite conceals the sculpture, and gives the insect a most

funereal appearance.

Alastor harterti n. sp. 2.

Alastor (Antalastor) magnitudine prorsus inusitata—(long. corp. circa 15 mm.

lat. abdom. 3 mm.)—niger, uberrime flavo- et nonnusquam aurantiaco- vel etiam

rufo-pictus. Clypens acute bidentatus, longitudine sua sesquilatior. Pronotum in

medio subproductum, lateribus rotundatis, vix angulatis, nequaquam spinulosis.

Black, with the following parts yellow :—

Mandibles, labrum, and mouth-parts. Base of clypeus (widely); between its

base and the black apex the clypeus is rufescent. A tubercle between the antennae.

The three basal joints of the antennae. The sinuses of the eyes—the yellow ex-

tending upwards a little beyond the actual sinus. Almost the entire tempora

behind the eyes.

Pronotum, tegnlae, and a spot on the episternum of the mesothorax.

Scutellum, postscutellum, and sides of propodeum. Legs, except part of the coxae.

The whole first abdominal segment, except the middle part of its declivous

base. A very broad apical fascia produced in the centre and more still at the sides

(trilobate) on each of the following abdominal dorsal-plates except the last, which

seems to be entirely black, and similarly shaped, but narrower fasciae at the apices

of the second and third ventral-plates (the base of the second ventral, before its

crenate impression, is testaceous).

The head and thorax (especially at the sides and beneath) and the abdomen

beneath is clothed fairly densely but not conspicuously (except in the lateral view)

with silvery sub-erect hairs. The pilosity on the dorsal surface is much shorter and

less noticeable.

The very large tegulae, and also the base of the clypeus, a tuberculation

between the antennae, the truncated apex of the postscutellum, and the middle

(triangular) area of the propodeum, are smooth and shining ; elsewhere the body

is closely and for the most part rather strongly punctured.

The size and colour of the insect, and the very different form of the pronotum,

at once distinguish this Alastor from atropos Lep., etc. The ¢ of a large Egyptian

species has been figured but not described by Savigny (Deser. de Eg. Pl. ix.

Fig. 16), and I have taken what I believe to be two od of Savigny’s species in

Egypt. (Sanssure appears to refer to this insect by the name savigny?, vol. iit.

p- 328, but he does not expressly say so; he gives no description, and the name

does not appear in his Indices, and is ignored in V. Dalla Torre’s Catalogue.)

It is possible that Savigny’s ¢ and Hartert? 2 may prove to belong to a single

species. The clypeus of the latter is, however, very much more transverse ; and

on the whole, though they resemble each other strikingly in size and distribution

of colour, I do not venture without more evidence to unite them. (In both my

Egyptian dd the yellow markings are very pale, almost lacteous, and show no

tendency to rufescence ; whereas in Hartert: the markings are deep yellow and in

places almost orange-coloured. Possibly the differences may be sexual, but I do

not think this likely. Or they may be local, or even individual, but this is mere

guess-work, When Algerian dd and Egyptian ? 2 are discovered, the question

may be definitely settled one way or the other !)

PA neh pee

( 603 )

XVII.

ORTHOPTERES.

Par IGNACIO BOLIVAR,

Les Orthoptéres du Sahara ont été Vobjet de divers mémoires. Le Dr.

H. Krauss en a énuméré plusieurs espéces dans “ Beitriige zur Orthopterenfauna

‘Orains (West-Algeriens),’ * et plus spécialement dans “ Beitrag zur Kenntniss der

‘Orthopterenfauna der Sahara,” + et fea M. Finot a publié une “ Liste des Ortho-

ptéres capturés dans le Sahara algérien,” par M. le professeur Lameeret Plusieurs

autres travaux sur la faune de l’Algérie, de Tunisie et d’Egypte permettent

Wétudier facilement les orthoptéres provenant de cette contrée. Toutefois

les orthoptéres recueillis par M. le Baron de Rothschild et par Dr. Ernst

Hartert dans le Sahara occidental offrent un grand intérét parce que, non

seulement ils permettent de confirmer l’existence d’espéces déji énumérées, mais

surtout parce que parmi eux se trouvent des espéces nouvelles pour la science

et d’autres espéces critiques trés intéressantes pour en déterminer avec exactitude

autres jusqu’ici douteuses.

Mais avant de commencer l’énumération de ces orthoptéres, je tiens a

témoigner ma gratitude 4 M. le Baron de Rothschild et & Dr. E. Hartert. pour

m’ayoir permis de garder quelques exemplaires dans ma collection qui anjourd’hui

fait partie des coll. entomologiqnes du Musée de Madrid par donation gracieuse

que je viens d’en faire & cet établissement ot désormais seront gardés tous les

types de mes descriptions.

En vue Wéviter la confusion qui résulte de l'emploi de noms divers,

daprés Jes appréciations de chaque auteur pour les familles et les genres, je me

suis décidé & employer ceux adoptés par M. Kirby dans son récent Catalogue

(A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera, London, 1904-10), sacrifiant mes propres

opinions afin de ne pas contribuer 4 augmenter cette confusion.

‘

Fam. BLATTIDAE.

1. Loboptera decipiens (Germar).

Loc. Hammam Meskoutine, N. Algérie, Mai 1909 (Rothschild et Hartert),

M. Finot a résumé Vaire géographique de cette espéce dans ces termes (Orth.

7 Alg. et de Tun.): “Wurope méridionale : bords de la Méditerranée. Algérie :

‘Oran, Chalet-el-Ameur, Tlemcen. Tunisie: Hny. de Tunis, cap Bon, Oued-Zerga,

Fergana, pays des Kroumirs, ile Djerba.” Hn outre, le Dr. Krauss l’a indiquée

comme habitant Monastir. Elle habite aussi Madére, le Maroc, et l’Asie mineure.

2. Polyphaga ursina (Burmeister) (//vida Finot nee Bronner).

Loc. Hassi El-Hadjar, S.W. of Ouargla, 15, iii. 1912 (Hartert); S. Oued

E. Hartert). Indiqnée, pour l’Ngypte et la Syrie, elle se trouve aussi en Tunisie,

* Zoology. Jahrb,, Neunter Band, 1896, pp. 615-556,

+ Verhandl. hy h, Zool.-bot, Ges, Wien, Jabrgang 1902, pp, 280-254,

t Ann, Soc. Unt. de Belgique, tome xvi, 1902, pp, 432-135,

( 604 )

Movastir (Dr. Krauss), 4 Biskra-Touggourt et Tonggourt-Onargla, et entre

Gardaia et Guerrara.

Je pense aussi avec le Dr. Krauss que P. livida Finot ne différe pas de P. ursina

Burm. P. évida Brunner est une autre espéce propre & l’Archipel grec.

Fam. MANTIDAE.

3. Iris oratoria (L.) var. polystictica Fisch. W.

Loc. Ain Guettara, North of In-Salah, 12-14. iv. 1912 (Hartert); S. Oued

Mya, Algerian C, Sahara, Mai 1912 (Hartert).

Les exemplaires de ces provenances constituent une varicté que je rapporte

i polystictica Fisch. W. par la coloration trés affaiblie des ailes. Dans le ¢ elles

sont d’un jaune trés pale, quelque peu verdatre vers l’extrémité et presque

hyalines prés du bord postérieur; dans le champ plissé on voit une tache d’un

noir blenétre et quelques mouchetures grisitres du cdté extérieur; dans la ? le

champ antérieur est roussitre et Je reste d’un jaune pile, avec la tache noire de la

base plus grande que dans le male.

4. Oxythespis granulata Saussure.

Loc. 8. Oued Mya, Algerian C. Sahara, 8.iv.1912 (E. Hartert),

Htant arrivé & réunir jusqu’i quatre espéces de ce genre, rare partout, et

possédant des individus ¢ et ?, je me suis persuadé que sa place actuelle

dans le systtme des orthoptéres est fausse, car d’une part, les fémurs qui sont

carénés, et d’antre part, la forme aplatie des cerques le relient aux Vatidee, ott il doit.

prendre place i cété des Heterocheta, si toutefois ces deux genres ne doivent

pas se réunir pour former un seul et méme genre. La plupart des auteurs n’ont

pas connu ces genres en nature, et ils ont suivi M. de Saussure, qui lui-méme,

lors de la création du genre, n’en avait connu que le g, ou du moins n’avait eu

sous les yeux que des femelles mutilées ou mal conservées, ce qui explique que

cette erreur ait pu subsister jusqu’anjourd’hui. Voici, en effet, la démonstration

de ce que je viens d’affirmer.

M. de Saussure, dans la description du genre Oxythespis (Mantides, 1870),

ne donne pas les caractéres de la femelle, il dit seulement: “ Les deux sexes.

ont des formes semblables ;” et plus loin en décrivant O. senegalensis, il ne parle

des femelles que pour dire “ ¢ ocelles trés petits.” Du O. granulata il wen a

connu non plus que Je male. II est done stir du moins que les exemplaires ?

dont s’est servi M. de Saussure n’avaient pas l’abdomen complet, ce qui l’a

empéché de connaitre la forme si extraordinaire des cerques, qui sont tont &

fait aplatis comme dans Heterocheta. I] est curieux pourtant qu’en partant

dun préjugé contraire au rapprochement de ces genres, il soit arrivé a saisir

intuitivement, pourrait-on dire, la relation qui existe entre eax et quil a exprimée

dans ces termes: “ Les O.rythespis forment parmi les Nudipédes le type corres-

pondant des Heterocheta ; elles en difftrent toutefois par leurs pattes simples,

non lobées, par des élytres plus membraneux, des ailes non colorées, et probable-

ment aussi par des cerci simples”; et plus loin, en parlant du g. Heterocheta:

“Tl se rapproche beaucoup aussi des Owythespis, dont il différe cependant par ses

pattes encore revétues de lobes foliacés, par ses ailes colorées et surtout par sa.

plaque suranale trés courte.” Cette derniére observation incline vraiment 4 con-

fusion, car, 4 cette époque M. de Saussure n’avait rien signalé encore quant &

la forme des cerci ni méme de la lame suranale des Oxythespis, et cependant dans

( 605 )

Je tableau de la p. 177, il place ce genre dans la section aa: “ Lamina supra analis

elongata, lanceolata, acuta,” ce qui ne s’observe dans aucune des especes que je

posséde, qui ont tontes la lame suranale triangulaire, obtuse, presque transverse.

C'est cette fausse affirmation et la supposition relative 4 la forme des cerques

guia induit en erreur tous les auteurs, spécialement M. Finot qui, dans le tableau

de la p. 90-34 des Orthopteres d’ Algérie et de Tunisie, sépare Heterocheta Westw.

d’Oxythespis Sauss., par la forme aplatie, foliacée des cerques ; sil avait pu

soupconner qu’ Oxrythespis avait des cerques aplatis, il aurait placé ce genre & coté de

Heterocheta, et alors son H. lemoroi aurait été placée dans le genre Oxrythespis, et il

n’aurait pas créé plus tard le genre Severinia, qui est identique & Oxythespis.

Plus tard M. de Saussure a déerit O. Turcomanie du Turkestan, mais il n’a

connn non plus que le ¢; cependant il aurait pu rectifier la position du genre

Oxythespis, car il a observé la forme de la plaque suranale et des cerques:

“Ta plaque supra-anale tronquée, en trapeze on en carré plus large que long,

subearénée, cerci longs, entitrement comprimés en forme de ruban, larges, et

composés de 7 articles apparents qui augmentent de grandeur, du premier au

dernier, celui-ci arrondi,”

Pour fixer avec sécurité la position de ce genre, il faut avoir égard aux

earénes de ses fémurs postérieurs, caractére qui ne laisse aucun doute quant aux

relations des Oxythespis avec les Vatidie, anxquelles elles se relient par une foule

d’autres caractéres autant qu’elles s’éloignent des Mantidee (voir de Sauss. Lc. p. 175).

Il doit done prendre place & c6té des Heterocheta dont il differe simplement par

les pattes dépourvues de lobes, par les élytres plus membraneux, et par les

ailes moins fortement colorées. Ce dernier genre est aujourd’hui réduit a deux seules

espéces, H. tenuipes Westw. du Sénégal et /H. orientalis Kirby de VAfrique orientale.

Quant aux Ozxythespis Sauss., on pourrait les diviser eu égard a la dis-

position des antennes, en deux groupes, car les unes comme 0. O. senegalensis et

granulata Sauss., ont des antennes convertes de poils nombreux, raides et assez

forts au point de paraitre plumeuses, et les autres comme O. 0. turcomanie Sauss.,

maroccana Bol, et lemoroi Finot, ainsi qu’une nouvelle espéce provenant de Perse

que je décris ci-dessous les ont simples quoique pileuses.*

* Oxythespis persica sp. noy.

Dilute fusca, Caput sesqui latius quam longius. Oculi mamnmillati apice tubereulo conico,

brevi, obtuse armati., Antenne concolores, tenues, dilute et breviter villose. Pronotum indistincte

granulosum fere lwve; marginibus fusco-spiculatis. Elytra pellucida fusco varia; venis fusco-macu-

latis, areis biseriatim fusco-maculata, subfasciata. Ale venis plurimis fuscis vel fusco-maculatis ;

campo radiato, precipue antice fasciis longitudinalibus fuscis pluri-interruptis, venulis transversis

pallidis; in 9 alis fuscioribus. Pedes gracili; cox antics carinis fusco-maculatis, margine postica

serrulata. Femora antica gracillima, sublinearia, medio leviter ampliata, fusco-varia. Pedes postici

fusco variegati; femoribus superne distincte carinatis, Lamina supra-analis ¢ transversa, subtrigona,

postice late rotundata. Cerci fortiter compressi, angusti, articulo ultimo apicem versus sensim

attenuato, apice truncato. Lamina subgenitalis apicem versus attenuata; styli brevissimi. Lamina

supra-analis 9 valde transversa, breve, postice rotundata, Cerci foliacei, medio latiores, articulis

transversis, articulo ultimo fere longiore quam latiore et apice late rotundato. Lamina subgenitalis

apice obtuse et breviter excisa. gi 9.

Long. corp. : A 8 A 40 mm.

» pron. ( A - v 10 OTs

yy _ elytr, ; . - . 26 23 Fe

» fem, ant, 7 8,2)

Loe, Gotvend, Chagajor, Chimbar, Chindaar, Kouh sefid (Persia). Recueillis par M. M. de la

Escalera,

La femelle est un peu plus robuste, le pronotum en est pius fortement granuleux et les élytres

plus courts.

( 606 )

Lespece pour laquelle M. Finot a proposé le genre Severinia Finot doit

rentrer 4 n’en pas douter dans le genre Oxythespis.

Le placement du genre Oxythespis dans le Systeme des Mantides étant

éclairci, et une fois démontré que Severinia Finot est un nom & substituer, il reste &

examiner si l’espece recueillie par Dr. Hartert dans le Sahara pourrait appartenir

a Oxythespis Lemoroi Pinot (Heterocheta et Severinia Finot), seule espéce signalée

jusqw’ présent comme habitant cette région. Tout d’abord on peut assurer que

le d décrit par M. Finot comme Severinia (= Heterocheta Finot hand Westw.)

différe absolument de ceux recueillis par Dr. Hartert par le prolongement apical

des yeux, la pubescence trés forte des antennes, le pronotum dont les bords ainsi

que la caréne médiane sont denticulés, par les ailes postérieures tout a fait

hyalines, trés légerement flavescentes le long du bord autérieur et enfin, par le

métatarse postérieur qui nest pas plus long que les deux articles suivants pris

ensemble. Je dois avouer qu’ Oxythespis lemoroi (Severinia Finot) ¢ ne me semble

pas correspondre & la ? décrite sous le méme nom, la disposition des yeux

étant trés diverse, et il n’a pas été démontré que dans les Oxythespis les yeux

puissent varier selon le sexe. Cela ne se voit pas dans les autres espéces.

L’ Oxythespis vecueilli par Dr. Hartert me semble appartenir & O. granulate

Sauss., car il n’y a que cette espece et O. senegalensis Sauss. qui aient des

antennes plumeuses. Or, cette derniére espece a été signalée comme se trouvant

en Tunisie (Bonnet et Finot, Muséum de Paris, d’aprés Espina), aux environs de Sfax,

a état de nymphe, signalement quelque peu indécis, car Pun des anteurs, M. Finot,

affirme i-continuation quwil n’a point vu l’espéce (Orth. d’Alg. et de Tunisie, pp.

106-80), et parce que dans les Orth. de la Rég. de Tunis nous lisons, p. 22 : “Cette

espéce n’a été probablement trouvée en Tunisie que dune facon accidentelle ; nous

la citons d’aprés une nymphe de la coll. du Muséum, capturée aux environs de

Sfax par Espina et étiquetée par M. de Saussure.” Notre espece se rapporte au

contraire an granulata Sauss., et comme la description de cette derniére est assez

incompléte nous croyons utile de la refaire.

0. granulata (Saussure).

Flavescens. Caput sesqui latius quam longins, oculos computatos, Oculi

compressi mammillati, apice dente conico obtusato. Antenne pallidw, medium

corporis attingentes, longe hirsute. Pronotum sparse et minute tnberculatum ,

marginibus ubique regulariter dentatis, carina media a latere visa subserrata-

Elytra membranacea, hyalina, antice angustissime et dilute flavescentia, venulee

pallid, hand macnlate. Ale hyalinze, margine antico precipue apicem versus

dilutie, flavescentes ; disco maculis brunneis, raris, sparsis, Pedes param distincte

eriseo-fasciati, Coxe anticee marginibus subgranulatis. Femora antica lveviter

granulosa, Abdomen gracile. Lamina supra-analis brevissima, transversa, apice

obtusa, Cerci laminati, compressi, foliacei ubique eeque lati, articnlo ultimo

angustiore apice rotundato-subangulato. Lamina subgenitalis apice attenuata,

cercis distincte breviora ; stilis brevissimis. 3.

Long. corp. . ; - . & 45mm.

prone. : : . 10

55 welytines ; : : 22

» fem, antic. . ‘ : 6,5

( 607 )

5. Blepharopsis mendica (F.).

Loc. Hl-Golea, Alger. Sahara, 20.v.1912 (Hartert); Ghardaia, 16.iv. 1911

(W. Rothschild et Hartert).

Lespéce se trouve depuis les iles Canaries jusqu’en Syrie,

Fam. LOCUSTIDAE (Aerididae auct.).

6. Acrida nasuta L.

Loe. Biskra, South Algeria (W. Rothschild et Hartert).

C'est une espéce presque cosmopolite; elle a été signalée en Europe, Asie,

Afrique et jusqu’en Australie. En Europe elle habite le Midi.

7. Acridella unguiculata (Rb.).

Loe. Sands of El-Arich, 8.E. Touggourt, 8-9. vi.1912 (Hartert); N. of El-

Golea, Alger. Sahara, 20. v. 1912 (Hartert).

Espéce plus méridionale que l’antérieure, Midi de Espagne et Sicile, Egypte,

Algérie, Sénégal et d’antres régions de l'Afrique ainsi qu’en Syrie.

8. Platypterna rothschildi sp. nov.

Pallide cervina. Caput superne indistincte carinulatum, ragulosum, utrinque

lineis duabus fuscis pone oculos percurrentibus. Fastigium transversum antice

obtusum ; lateribus ante oculos obtusangulatis, intus impressis ; foveolis basique

coste frontalis fusco marmoratis ; illis impressis, marginatis, brevibus. Frons

valde reclinata, tota fusco-punctata, marginibus tantum levibus; costa inter

antennas et ocellum late sulcata, prope basin haud vel indistincte subampliata ;

carinis lateralibus frontalibus curvatis. Oculi oblongi, breves. Antenne usque

medium depress, prope basin leviter dilatatee, dimidio apicali filiformes.

Pronotum dorso albido pruinoso, tricarinato, carinis externis in metazona retrorsam

divergentibus ; margine postico obtusangulato-rotundato ; metazona quam prozona

parum sed distinete breviora: lobi deflexi ad dorsum fusco induti, fere longiores

quam altiores, inferne angustiores, margine inferiore valde sinuato-undato, supra

coxas anticas lobato-rotundato. Elytra longa apicem femorum posticorum tertia

parte longiora ; basi extus pallida, venis radialibus anguste fuscis, venis omnibus

punctis minutissimis fuscis variegatis. Femora postica elongata; parte filiforme

ante-apicali explicata; intus flavescentia, lobo geniculari interno macula magna

nigra ornata. ‘ibis postice apicem versus sensim et valde ampliate, dimidio,

apicali rosez, spinis apice nigris. Tarsi brevissimi, pallidi ¢,

Long. corp. ‘ 6 . % 44 mm.

», pron. 3 ; sD) 435

» elytr. ; : : ae ts

5, fem, post. . : - AU)

Loc. E\-Golea, Algerian Sahara, 10-13. vy. 1912 (Hartert).

Cette espece est celle de plus grande taille, elle se distingue de P. tédialis Fieb.

en ce que le fastigium du vertex n’est par caréné, et que les yeux sont plus courts et

plus larges, Le bord inférieur des lobes latéraux du pronotum distinctement avancé

( 608 )

an milieu sur les cuisses antérieures, et les fémurs postérieurs bien plus longs avec

leur tiers apical gréle, contribnent aussi 4 distinguer cette espéce si notable.

Je me fais un plaisir de dédier cette espéce & l’Hon. L. W. Rothschild, qui a

organisé ce voyage au Sahara si intéressant pour la connaissance de la faune de

cette région.

9. Platypterna geniculata sp. nov.

Pallide flava, Caput elongatum, supra subcarinulatum et utrinque fusco-

lineatum. Vertex oculo parum superans. Fastiginm trigonum, obtusum, antice

angulato-rotundatum a latere visum valde obtuse rotundatum. Foveole verticis

anguste, elongate, marginate, ante apicem verticis terminate. Frons rugulosa et

impresso punctata, valde reclinata ; costa frontalis inter antennas valde dilatata,

inter antennas et ocellum coarctata. Antenne prope basin modice dilatate,

deplanate apicem versus sensim angustatz, dimidio apicali filiformes. Pronotum

dorso carinis tribus valde distinctis lateralibus retrorsum sensim divergentibus,

margine postico obtusissimo, subrotundato ; lobi laterales fere eeque alti et longi,

deorsum angustati ad carinam dorsalem infuscati, angulo antico inferiore recto hand

hebetato, margine inferiore subrecto. Hlytra apicem femorum posticorum quarta

parte longiora, apicem abdominis superantia. Femora postica latiuscula, parte

filiforme apicali sub nulla, abdomine breviora ; lobo geniculari interno macula

magna ovata nigra ornato. Tibi postica dilute rosew, spinis apice nigris.

Tarsi flavescentes.

var. Lobi deflexi pronoti medio fascia longitudinali fusca. Elytrorum venis

radialibus linea fusca apposita, d ?.

3 g

Long. corp.. : ; . 20 40 - mm.

jae PLONG C : sere a) Gece.

3, Jel yin. : : . 290 AVS,

», fem. post. . 5 Tele ile ae

Loc. South of El-Golea, Alger. Sahara 10-19. v. 1912 (Hartert).

Le ¢ de cette espece est prochain du P. gracilis Krauss, par la forme de la téte,

mais la taille de notre espéce est beaucoup plus forte et la forme des lobes latéranx

du pronotum tout A fait différente. P. geniculata Bol. ressemble extremement &

P. tibialis Fieb., et je ne doute pas qu’elle ait été confondue avee cette deraiére.

10. Platypterna harterti sp. nov.

Pallide rufo-testcea, albido varia. Caput superne hand carinatum tenia lata

albida longitudinali a vertice oriunda ornatum Fastigium verticis subeequilatum

trigonum, marginibus explicatis ante oculos distincte angulatis. Foveole obtusatz,

punctate. Frons reclinata fusco et impresso punctata, carinis subcallosis,

levibus, ante oculos et pone eos striga flavida, Antenne, tertia parte basali

tantum compress, ensiformes, dimidio apicali filiformes. Pronotum dorso dilute

fusco-rnfescente medio tenia albida ; carinis crassiusculis laevibus, pallidis, externis

in prozona distincte inflexis et propter hoc prozona medio coarctata ; sulco typico

fere in medio sito, metazona postice subrotundata ; lobi deflexi fere altiores quam

a basi longiores, margine inferiore subsinuato, obliquo; margine antico albido vario ;

disco medio striga callosa albida, fusco circumdata. Elytra femora postica quarta

parte superantia, area scapulari basi striga flava, callosa; campo anali pallido bast

( 609 )

extus rufescente. Femora postica extnus in area externo-media ad carinam

superiorem breviter infuscata, intus pallida, lobo geniculari interno concolore.

Tibize posticee pallide ccernlescentes, spinis apice nigris ?.

Long. corp. : d 58) Aaa) janet,

ae PION... 5 : 4 4 a

» elytr- : 4 3 23 fi

», fem. post. . : : 125 %

Loc. Ain Gnettara, north of In-Salah, 12-14. v. 1912 (H. Hartert).

Le Dr. Krauss a décrit deux nouvelles especes de Platypterna,* mais notre

espéce ne peut se rapporter & aucune d’elles, bien quelle soit prochaine du

P. filicornis Krauss, principalement par la taille, Vobliquité du front et la forme

des lobes latéraux du pronotum. P. harterti a le vertex plan et plus oblique,

la téte plus aigué & apex, et non carénée en dessus, les yeux plus allongés et les

carénes du pronotum flexueuses au milieu de la prozone ; enfin, les lobes internes

géniculaires sont dépourvus de la tache noire qui existe dans lespéce de Krauss.

Je dédie cette espece au savant ornithologiste qui l’a capturée an Sahara,

Dr. Ernst Hartert.

11. Platypterna kraussi sp. nov.

Straminea. Caput haud nigropunctatum, pone oculos fascia lata ochracea per

lobos laterales usque marginem posticuam pronoti perducta; carinula media verticis

explicata, retrorsum evanida. Vertex obtusangulatus, subtransversus, antice ob-

tusatus, a latere visus, oculo fere tertia parte brevior; foveolis rectangularibus

perfecte explicatis, leviter curvatis. Oculi anguste ovati, oblique positi. Antenne

basi dilatatae, apicem versus sensim angustat, pone medium filiformes. Pronotum

superne unicolor, leve, impunctatum; metazona suaviter rugulosa, punctata ;

carina media leviter explicata, lateralibus rectis, retrorsum vix divergentibus ; lobi

laterales zque longi et alti, margine postico recto, haud sed indistincte sinuato,

margine inferiore subrecto, levissime undulato. Elytra abdomine quinta parte

‘superantia, vitta scapulari opaca, albida nec non venis radialibus anguste fuscis

ornata. Femora postica concolora apicem abdominis hand attingentia ; area externo

media superne ad carinam linea angusta fusca; intus lobo geniculari macula nigra

signato. Tibia postice sordide ccerulescentes, spinis et calcaribus apice nigris ?.

Long. corp. . 3 : . ¢ 32 mm.

ey pron. . : ; ORB cr

a eclytr, : 5 4 28 ~ 55

» fem. post.. ; ; 13in5;

Loc. Ain Guettara, north of In-Salah, 12-14. iy. 1912 (Hartert).

C'est aussi une espece prochaine du P. filicornis Krauss, mais & vertex moins

convexe, ce qni fait paraitre le fastigium plus saillant et aign; en méme temps

les yeux sont plus étroits et plus allongés, les fovéoles du vertex droites, le bord

inférieur du pronotum flexueux et le postérienr droit; la téte et le pronotam

déponrvus de points noirs enfoncés.

Le Dr. H. Krauss a contribué beaucoup 4 la connaissance des especes de ce

genre en faisant connaitre ces deux especes du Sahara.

* “Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Orthopterenfauna der Sahara,” in Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot.- Ges, in

Wien 1902.

( 610 )

Les especes de Platypterna pourraient se distinguer 4 l’aide du tableau

1. Frons valde obliqua a latere visa vertice producto, acato; oculis valde

obliquis ; antennz distincte ensiformes.

2. Frons fortiter reclinata.

3. Oculi subrotundati; carinis lateralibus frontis valde curvatis

1. P. eurvifr

3. Oculi oblongi, carinis lat. frontis rectis.

4, Lobi laterales pronoti versus marginem inferiorem hand angustati

2. P. gracilis Krauss-

4, Lobi laterales pronoti inferne distincte angustioribus.

5. Fastigium verticis acutiasculam, ante oculos fere longius quam latius

3. P. acuta Bol.

5. Fastiginm verticis ante oculos transverse trigonum vel equilaterum.

6, Fastigium a latere visum dimidio oculoram equante: foveole elongate,

marginatee, leves ; fastigium verticis ante oculos aquilateruam, medio

carinatum.

7. Foyeol verticis elongate subrectwe; metazona quam prozona vix breviora

4. P. tibialis Fieb.

7. Foveole verticis breves, carvatae ; metazoua quam prozona valde breviora

: 5. P. intermedia Bol,

6. Fastigium verticis a latere visum dimidio oculoruam hand attingens, ante

oculos transversum, medio haud carinatum ; foveol subrepletie.

8. Statura majore; femora postica ante apicem distincte filiformia; lobi laterales

pronoti margine externo undato medio distincte lobato

6. P. rothschildi Bol.

8. Statura minore ; femora postica ante apicem haud filiformia, lobi laterales

pronoti margine externo recto indistincte subsinnato

7. P. geniculata Bol.

2. Frons minus obliqua; fastiginm verticis a latere obtusum.

9, Femora postica elongata, apicem versus gracilia . . 8. P. pruinosa Br.

9. Femora postica latiuscula, apicem versus param attenuata

9. P. latipes Bol.

1. Frons parum obliqua a latere visa cum verticem obtuse rotundata ; oculis

parum obliquis subverticalibus.

10. Antenne distincte ensiformes, vertex in longitudinem planulum.

11. Foveole verticis subrepletae punctatae; pronoti carinis lateralibus in

prozona inflexis; lobi laterales striga callosa media longitudinale

10. P. harterti Bol.

11. Foveole verticis explicate marginibus acutis ; pronoti carinis lateralibus

rectis, lobi laterales striga callosa nulla. , 11. P. kraussi Bol.

10. Antenne angustissime ensiformes, subfiliformes, Vertex in longitudinem

convexus.

12, Lobi laterales pronoti inferne leviter sinuati; statura majore

12. P. filicornis Krauss.

12, Lobi laterales pronoti inferne valde sinuati ; statura minore

13. P. martini Bol

( 611 )

12. Locusta danica L.

Loc. Biskra, South Algeria (W. Rothschild et E. Hartert).

Elle était déji connue de cette provenance.

Yest Pespéce connue généralement sous le nom de Pachytylus cinerascens F.

Mr. Kirby a rétabli le nom de Locusta pour ce genre.

13. Thalpomena algeriana (Lucas).

Loc. Hammam R’hira, North Algeria (W. Rothschild et Hartert), v. 1911.

Elle habite également la Tunisie et ’Algérie. Une variété de cette espéce se

trouve aussi au Maroc.

14. Hyalorhipis canescens (Saussure).

Loc. N. El-Golea, Alger. Sahara, 18-20. v.1912, Hartert; S. Oued Mya,

Algerian C. Sahara, 1. v. 1912 (Hartert).

Elle navait pas été signalée en Algérie. H. calcarata Voss. difftre assez

de cette espéce par la taille et par d’antres caractéres qui ont été décrits par

M. Vosseler.* Le H. canescens Sauss. n’avait pas été signalé en dehors de l’Heypte

et de la Syrie.

15, Leptopternis rothschildi sp. nov.

Gracillimus, canescens. Caput postice brunneo trifasciatum, scutellum verticis

inter oculos antrorsum sensim ampliatum, antice marginibus convergentibus, hand

carinulatum, fusco-punctatum. Costa frontalis ad verticem subcoarctata, inter

ocnlos et antennas carinula media instructa, ante ocellam marginibus valde diver-

gentibus, usque clypeum continuata. Frons nigro punctata. Oculi globosi, exserti

brunneo-maculati. Antenne graciles, filiformes, pallidee. Pronotum superne

brunneo-rufescens, lineis retrorsum divergentibus atque maculis in prozona albidis ;

prozona ante suleum primum breviter carinulata, metazona carina media distincta,

quam prozona fere duplo longiore, postice rectangulata, apice rotundata, fusco

punctata et subfasciata; lobi deflexi albidi, vitta media longitudinali branueo-

flavescente, medio impressi, paralleli, angulo postico rotnndato, subtus obtusissime

angulati, margine infero obliqno, subrecto. Hlytra linearia basi tantum coriacea et

ceryina, apicem versus pellucida, apice rotundata, branneo maculata, prope basin

fascia imperfecta transversa; campo discoidali linea bronnea in maculas distantes

soluta ; vena intercalata vena media apicem versus fere contigua; area intercalata

postica extus latiora; vena ulnaris furcata, ramo antico diviso, ramulo postico in

vena ulnaris postica ante apicem are analis terminata ; area furcee ulnaris postica

uniseriatim areolata, areolis intermediis subquadratis ; area furcee ulnaris antica per

venam spuriam divisam, Areis campi apicalis venis spureis intercalatis. Ale

limpidee, venis transversis albidis, longitudinalibus, raris angustissimis, nigris,

Femora postica albida, superne transverse brunneo trifasciata, pagina interna dilate

flava, ‘Tibi postice albidee, spinis apice nigris, calcaribas internis apicem

metatarsi baud attingentibus. T'arsi postici breves. Mesosternum latum, quam

metasternum subbrevius d.

* Lol. Jahrb,, xvi. BA, 1902, p. 888

( 612 )

Long. corp. . ” : Se coh iy Puan ae

3) PIONS. : 5 ° De sy

» elytr.. ; : 3 (hess ee

5 fem. post. . : : Bt ass

Loc. Oued Nssa, entre Ghardaia et Guerrara, 3-5, vi. 1912 (Hartert).

Jusqu’i présent, on ne l’avait trouvé qu’au Turkestan. »

Prochain du Z. gracilis il en différe par de nombreux caractéres, notamment

par la caréne du front, la forme du vertex, la coloration, la vénulation des élytres

et les proportions du méso- et du métasternum.

16, Sphingonotus brunneri Saussure.

Loc. 8. Oued Mya, Alger. C. Sahara, 1. v. 1912 (E. Hartert).

Cette espéce trés prochaine du S. dalteatus Serr. se distingue principalement

par les taches noiratres que présente l’aile prés de l’apex. Je considére S. brunneri

Sauss. comme une bonne espeéce. M. Finot a décrit sous le nom de Lameerei

une espéce du Sahara, chassée entre Ouargla et Mellala (Anz. Soc. Ent. de

Belgique, xlvi. 1902, p. 434), que je ne puis considérer comme différente de celle-ci,

car la description peut s’appliquer exactement 4 l’exemplaire recueilli par Dr.

Hartert. D’autre part, cet exemplaire est identiqne & ceux de ma collection

provenant d’Hgypte. M. Finot ne semble pas avoir connu l’espéce de Saussure,

car autrement il aurait signalé les différences entre celle-ci et lameerei.

17. Sphingonotus cerulans (L.).

Loc. N. El-Golea, Alger, Sahara, 19. v.1912 (Hartert); In-Salah, Tidikelt,

Central W. Sahara, 24-80, iv. 1912 (Hartert) ; Biskra, South Algeria (W. Rothschild

et E. Hartert); Ain Guettara, north of In-Salah, 12-14. iv. 1912 (Hartert); Bordj

Chegga, south of Biskra, 21. ii. 1912 (Hartert).

C’est Vespéce la plus commune des Sphingonotus depuis les iles Canaries jusqu’en

Egypte, elle s’étend aussi en Syrie et jusque dans le Turkestan. Du reste, elle

habite également l’Europe moyenne et méridionale.

18. Sphingonotus octofasciatus (Serville).

Loc. Oued Nssa, entre Ghardaia et Guerrara, 3-5. vi. 1912 (Hartert).

Signalée au Nord de l'Afrique, depuis l’Algérie jusqu’en Egypte.

19. Tmethis claveli (Lucas).

Loc. El-Kantara, Algeria, v.1909 (W. Rothschild et E. Hartert) ; Ghardaia,

16. iv. 1912 (W. Rothschild et E. Hartert).

Signalée déji & Ouargla et Ghardaia par le Dr. Krauss. M. Finot con-

sidére cette espéce comme une forme intermédiaire entre 7. pulchripennis Serv. et

cisti Pabr. Les exemplaires recueillis par MM. Rothschild et Hartert appartiennent

& la variété mozaditica Krauss.

20. Eremocharis insignis (Lucas).

Loc. El-Kantara, Algeria, v. 1909 (Rothschild et Hartert); N. of El-Golea,

Alger. Sahara, 20. vy. 1912 (Hartert); Biskra, South Algeria (W. Rothschild et

E, Hartert).

( 613 )

Signalée 4 Biskra, Oasis du Sahara, par Mr. Lucas, elle se trouve en Algérie

et en Tunisie.

21. Pyrgomorpha conica (Olivier).

Loe. Ghardaia, 16. iv. 1911 (W. Rothschild et Hartert) ; Hammam R’hira, North

Algeria, v. 1911 (W. Rothschild et Hartert).

C’est l’espece d’Europe ; elle se trouve aussi dans tout le Nord de l’Afrique et

en Asie mineure.

22. Pyrgomorpha cognata Krauss.

Loc, Oued Mya, Alger. C. Sahara, 4. v. 1912 (Hartert).

Le Dr. Krauss a signalé cette espéce 4 Ouargla et Ghardaia.

23. Dericorys albidula Serville.

be! Sands of El-Arich, S.W. of Tonggourt, 8-9. vi. 1912 (Hartert).

Cette espece n’avait pas été signalée au Sahara. Le Dr. Krauss, et MM. Finot

et Vosseler n’ont indiqné en Algérie et Tunisie que la D. méllierei Finot, espéece

beaucoup plus petite. D. albidula avait été trouvée seulement en Egypte et en Syrie.

Elle ressemble beaucoup & D. curvipes (Derocorystes curvipes Redt.), “ Beitr. zur

Orthopt.-Fauna von Turkmenien,” Wien. ent. Zeit., viii. Jahrg. 1889, dont je possede

un exemplaire, grace 4 l’obligeance de l’anteur, mais elle se distingue par le vertex &

peine caréné postériearement ; dans la D. curvipes la caréne s’étend tout le long du

scutellum du vertex. La créte au pronotum est plus hante et plus fortement arrondie,

presque en demi cercle ; les élytres sont plus courts. Cependant ces deux espéces

sont trés prochaines.

Je crois utile de décrire & nonvean cette espéce, qui n’a été décrite depuis

Serville que dans l’ouvrage de Jacobs et Bianchi publié en russe—

Dericorys albidula Serv.

Albido-cinereus, griseo-fusco variegatus. Antennae albido flave. Vertex

declivis cum costa frontalis angulato-rotundato continuas. Foveole obsolete.

Costa frontalis tota late sulcata ad ocellam subampliata. Oculi rufi. Pronotum

margivem versus fusco-cceruleum, marginibus incrassatis, albidis, prozona antice

angulato-producta, crista maxime elevata, rotundata, securiforme ; lateribus convexis,

margine superiore regulariter et valde arcuato; metazona postice obtusangulariter

rotundata carina media subindistincta. Hlytra fusco et albido tessellata; venis

longitudinalibus roseo-ferrugineis. Alve apice fuscee. Prosternum processu apicem

versus sensim ampliatum, apice trancato subsinuatam; lobi mesosternales

zeque longi ac lati, intus rotundati, spatio angustiori sejuncti. Femora postica

carinis serrulatis, area externo-media maculis albidis pennatis obsita ; area supero-

externa griseo-coerulea, maculis tribus obscurioribus subfasciata, area infero-externa

ceerulea ; lobi geniculares flavo-albidi, nigroccerulei, supra intusque nigrocceruleo

limbati. Tibize posticz curvatw, apicem versus sensim angustatie, cinerew, intus

ceerulescentes et apice purpurez, spinis albidis nigro terminatis, medio annulo rato.

Tarsi pallide flavi ?.

Long. corp. . : : . §¥ 46 mm.

» pron.. . ; : TOPs;

» elytr. : : ‘ 48 ,,

», fem. post. . : : 26

( 614 )

24. Orthacantacris egyptia (L.).

Loc. Biskra, South Algeria (W. Rothschild et Hartert) ; El-Kantara, v. 1909

(W. Rothschild et Hartert) ; Alger, 1-16. v. 1912 (Hartert); N. of El-Golea, 20. v.

1912 (Hartert),

C’est lespéce connue sous le nom d’Acridium egyptium ; elle habite le Midi de

l'Europe, le Nord de l’Afrique et l’Asie mineure.

25. Schistocerca gregaria (Forskél).

Loc, Ain Guettara, N. of In-Salah, 12-14 iv. 1912 (Hartert).

De ce genre si nombreux c’est la seule espece qui se trouve dans ancien monde ;

elle s’étend depuis le Sénégal jusqu’en Egypte. C’est une espéce nuisible qui arrive

parfois en Europe et est ordinairement connue sous le nom de “ Criquet pélerin,” et

sous celui de Schistocerca peregrina Ol. par les auteurs. Le Dr. Krauss a remis

en vigueur l’ancien nom de Forskal.*

26. Sphodromerus decoloratus Finot.

Loc. Biskra, South Algeria (W. Rothschild et E, Hartert).

Signalée & la méme localité par M. Finot.

27. Euprepocnemis plorans (Charpentier).

Loc. Biskra, South Algeria (W. Rothschild et E. Hartert).

Elle se trouve en Espagne, dans toute |’Afrique et en Asie,

28. Thisoicetrus harterti sp. nov.

Cervinus. Caput superne flavescens fascia longitudinali fusca nigro marginata

retrorsum sensim ampliata, pone oculos cinereum et infra eos linea verticali nigra.

Vertex inter oculos latus haud coarctatus. Costa frontalis inter antennas latissima,

marginibus arcuatis, ante ocellum parallelis; convexa et vage impresso-punctata,

Antenne filiformes, graciles, pone medium indistincte crassiores, apicem versus

sensim attenuate, pallida. Pronotum antice subrotundatum, postice obtusissime

angulatum, carina media leviter elevata, lineari, percurrenti, canthis usque suleum

typicum acntinsculis, retrorsum divergentibus a sulcis transversis plus minusve

dislocatis, in metazona obsoletis, impresso-punctatis ; dorso pallido, fascia lata fusca

nigro marginata irregulariter delineata ubique fere eque lata, prope marginem

anticum sensim angustata: lobi deflexi antice posticeque suaviter rugosi, inter sulcos

medios sublaevi, margine inferiore antice sinuato angulo postico late rotundato.

Elytra apicem femoram posticorum vix superantia, tota preecipue vena anali pallide

cervina; area discoidali areolis minutis nigro-marginatis, in parte basali imperfecte,

in parte apicali distincte transverse fusco fasciata; area inter venas discoidales

anteriores fusco-maculata, Alee limpidee, basi dilutissime ccerulescentes. Femora

postica valida intus imperfecte transverse nigro fasciata, extus tantum in

area exteruo-media ad carinam superiorem interrupte nigro bi- vel trisignata.

Tibie postice dimidio basali nigro, pallido annulatae dimidio apicali rufescentes ;

spinis basi pallidis apice nigro, extus 15, intus 13 armatae 2.

* Krauss, H., Denkschriften der Math.-Naturwissenschaft. l. Klasse der k, Akad. der Wissensch., Wien,

1907.

EEA OP eget Pr

heat

Long. corp. . 8 & F i 49 mm.

DIOL: : F ‘i ox

» elytr. P 0 F 38 Cs,

» fem. post. . 3 : Zoe

Loc. Biskra (W. Rothschild et E. Hartert).

Cette espéce est prochaine du 7h, littoralis Rambur d’Espagne, qui a été

signalée & plusieurs reprises comme se trouvant en Algérie et: ailleurs.

Fam. ACHETIDAE (Gryllidae auct.).

29. Curtilla gryllotalpa (L.).

Loc, In-Salah, Tidikelt, C. Sahara, 24-30. iv. 1912 (Hartert); Biskra, South

Algeria (W. Rothschild et E. Hartert).

Cette espéce est commune en Europe et dans le Nord de l'Afrique, ou cependant

se trouve aussi une autre espéce, la C. africana Pal.

30. Acheta bimaculata (D. Geer).

Loc. El-Kantara, v. 1909 (W. Rothschild et E. Hartert); Biskra, South Algeria

(W. Rothschild et E. Hartert).

Plus connne sous le nom de Liogryllus, espéce africaine qui s’étend jusqu’au

centre de Espagne. Hlle se trouve aussi dans presque toute l’Asie et aux iles

de l’Océanie.

31. Gryllus domesticus L.

Loc. E\-Golea, Sahara, 10-13. v. 1912 (E. Hartert).

Habite Europe et le Nord de |’Afrique.

32. Gryllus hispanicus Rambur.

Loe. 8. Oued Mya, Alger. C, Sahara, v. 1912 (E. Hartert).

Espéce méridionale, se trouve daus le Midi de J’Espagne et au Nord de

l’Afrique ; elle habite aussi Madére et les iles Canaries. M. de Saussure I’a

signalée aussi au Sud de l'Afrique.

33. Gryllus burdigalensis Latreille.

Loc, Biskra (W. Rothschild et KE. Hartert); El-Golea 10-13. yv. 1912

(E. Hartert).

Mr. Kirby place ce nom parmi la synonymie du Gryllus chinensis Westw., ce

qui ne me parait pas suffisamment démontré. L’espéce est commune en Hurope

et dans le Nord de l’Afrique.

>» THE...

Macrolepidoptera of the World

By Professor Adalbert Seitz, Ph.D.

assisted by

Aurivilius (Stockholm), Bartel (Niirnberg), Eiffinger (Frankfort-o.-M.), Fruhstorfer

(Geneva), Grinberg (Berlin), Haensch (Berlin), Janet (Paris), Jordan (Tring), Mabille

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HOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

A Fournal of Zoology.

EDITED BY

Tar Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.RS., Px.D.,

Dr. ERNST HARTERT, anno Dr. K. JORDAN,

Se \

fey Rag ap EN

ee PA

You, mi whee ts

. met et ha

No. 4.

Paces 617—656.

Tyne aNp Con'rents AND Errata to Vou. XX. _

Issuep Fepruary 28ru, av tHe ZooLocicas Musgum, Trine.

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Lp,, LONDON AND AYLESBURY,

1914.

Vou. XX;

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

EDITED BY

WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. IF.

PAGES.

INDEX TO VOLUME XxX. ; j ; f , ; : é . 617—656

(TITLE-PAGE, CONTENTS, AND ERRATA TO VOLUME XxX.)

( 617 )

INDEX.

ablutella (Anerastia), 138, 469. aegyptiaca (Cossus), 134.

Abraxas, 202. — (Farsetia), 150.

abraxina (Hyposiccia), 202. — (Linaria), 160.

absimilis (Prasinocyma), 424. — (Malcomia), 150.

absona (Anisozyga), 407. — (Mutilla), 599.

abyssinicus (Arvicanthis), 530, 551, 568, 569, — (Tricholabiodes), 599.

572. aegyptiacus (Scaurus), 99.

acanthinurus (Uromastix), 13, 79, 80. — (Streptopelia), 67, 185.

acanthion (Tachyglossus), 191. —(Turtur), 3, 7, 24, 25, 184, 185.

Acanthis, 367. aegyptium (Acridium), 614.

Acanthodactylus, 76, 80, 81, 154. aegyptius (Caprimulgus), 25, 26, 27, 60, 181.

Acanthothorax, 257. —(Turtur), 27.

acanthurus (Ctenophthalmus), 551-554, 561. — (Uromastix), 80.

accipitrinus (Asio), 61. Aelia, 592.

acervata (Adesmia), 98. aenea (Carpophaga), 382.

acheenensis (Centrococcyx), 322. aenia (Lycomorphodes), 200.

Acheta, 615. Aeolochroma, 401-3.

Acidalia, 131, 132. Aepypodius, 477.

Acmaeodera, 92, 93. aeruginosus (Circus), 22, 64.

acosmetus (Xenocerus), 276. aestuans (Pauropsalta), 465.

acraeina (Melitaea), 115. — (Tettigonia), 465.

Acrida, 607. Aetenia, 469.

Acridella, 607. aethiopicus (Ctenopsyllus), 581.

Acridium, 614. aethiops (Echidnophaga), 528.

Acrocephalus, 22, 50, 176. Aethomyias, 475, 501.

Actitis, 69. afer (Pygiopsylla), 537.

aculeata (‘Tachyglossus), 189, 191. affinis (Aplonis), 376.

— (Zaglossus), 189. — (Arachnothera), 368.

acuminata (Aelia), 592. — (Caprimulgus), 340, 382.

— (Erolia), 482. — (Cardepia), 122.

acuminatus (Totanus), 482. — (Centropus), 347.

acuta (Platypterna), 610. — (Geococeyx), 253, 254.

acutilunata (Strepsichlora), 432. africana (Carduelis), 27.

Addax, 35, 70. — (Curtilla), 615.

Adesmia, 98. africanum (Trichodesma), 160.

Adoretus, 107. africanus (Carduelis), 38, 168.

adornata (Anisozyga), 406, 407. Afrida, 195.

adspersula (Acmaeodera), 93. Agama, 26, 78.

advena (Urothemis), 468. aganippes (Ctenopsyllus), 578.

Aegithina, 358, — (Hypsophthalmus), 579.

Aegotheles, 490. Agathia, 404, 405, 406.

aegra (Oenanthe), 55, 72. agathia (Probolosceles), 415.

— (Saxicola), 179. agilis (Pachyura), 588.

Aegypius, 62. — (Sorex), 588.

aegyptia (Orthacantacris), 614. Aglossa, 139.

( 618 )

aglossalis (Crocalia), 139.

agnata (Nearcha), 389.

agrestis (Phloeophilus), 261.

Agrion, 468.

Agrobates, 22, 25, 52, 178.

Agrotis, 120.

Agylla, 224.

Agyrtria, 248, 249.

ahasver (Passer), 40.

Ailuroedus, 525, 526.

Akis, 99.

Alaemon, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 16, 22, 23, 26, 46, 72, 172.

Alastor, 599, 602.

alaudipes (Alaemon), 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 16, 22, 23,

26, 46, 172.

alba (Artemisia), 161.

— (Motacilla), 3, 5, 6, 9, 47.

— (Pingasa), 397.

— (Pseudoterpna), 397.

—(Tyto), 3, 61, 280, 283.

Albarracina, 118, 119.

alberti (Pteridophora), 475, 522.

albertisii (Columba), 479.

— (Gymnophaps), 479.

albescens (Amicta), 134.

albicans (Cleophana), 123.

albicantalis (Enosima), 469.

— (Enosoma), 138.

albida (Eublemma), 127.

— (Eurosia), 193.

— (Exoprosopa), 462.

albidice (Leucochloé), 110.

— (Pieris), 13, 24, 110, 111.

albidula (Dericorys), 613.

albidus (Anthus), 371.

albifinita (Anisozyga), 408.

albifrons (Henicophaps), 480.

albifusaria (Aeolochroma), 402.

albigrisea (Zygaenosia), 204.

albigularis (Columba), 479.

— (Janthoenas), 479.

— (Poecilodryas), 497.

albilauta (Anisogamia), 409.

— (Anisozyga), 409.

albina (Cleophana), 122.

albinata (Anisozyga), 408, 409.

albinus (Danais), 114.

albiplaga (Berta), 440.

albiseriata (Anisozyga), 406.

albistriata (Sylvia), 52.

albitaenia (Gelasma), 418.

albitempora (Chlorospingus), 236.

albiventer (Sphedanolestes), 596.

albiventris (Thryothorus), 227.

albocinctus (Ptilinopus), 328.

alboguttulatus (Physopterus), 263.

albolanosa (Flatipalpus), 107.

albolanosa (Pachydema), 107.

albolineata (Criophasia), 124.

albonotata (Megalestes), 496.

— (Poecilodryas), 475, 496.

—(Pratincola), 290.

— (Ptilotis), 518.

albo-ochracea (Calophasia), 125. :

alborosea (Talara), 201. |

alboscapulatus (Malurus), 502.

albostrigata (Phassodes), 278.

memmennmenndgl

alboviridata (Rhodesia), 435. «

album (Zygophyllum), 154.

Alca, 70.

Alcedo, 312, 313-16, 336, 337, 361.

alchata (Pterocles), 3, 67, 185.

Alcippe, 352.

Aleyone, 488.

alecto (Solenoglossus), 485.

alexandrae (Tyto), 280.

alexandri (Conurus), 336.

— (Palaeornis), 336.

alexandrinus (Charadrius), 26, 69, 186.

algerialis (Ulotricha), 139.

algeriana (Thalpomena), 611.

algeriensis (Ammomanes), 23, 24, 42-4, 72.

algerinus (Laemostenus), 87.

algira (Grammodes), 129.

algiriae (Cerocala), 130.

algiricus (Mecynotarsus), 94.

— (Psammomys), 30.

algirus (Erinaceus), 586.

— (Mus), 590.

allectus (Mecocerus), 259.

alleni (Agyrtria), 248, 249.

— (Pogonotriccus), 243, 244.

Allochrostes, 442.

Alloeopage, 404, 405, 406.

alopecuroides (Halogeton), 148.

alpestris (Eremophila), 46, 170, 172.

— (Otocorys), 46, 170.

alticola (Colias), 187.

altirostris (Aplonis), 377.

— (Lamprocorax), Dike

aluensis (Xenocerus), 276.

Alytes, 62.

Amalocichla, 504.

Amandava, 371, 372.

amandava (Amandava), 371, 372.

Amaurocoris, 592.

Amaurornis, 303-5, 331.

Amazilia, 250, 251.

amazilia (Amazilia), 251.

— (Amizilis), 251.

— (Orthorhynchus), 2651.

amazonicus (Thryothorus), 227, 228, 231-233.

ambigua (Anthophora), 598.

Amblyornis, 525.

( 619 )

amboinense (Edoliisoma), 500.

amboinensis (Campephaga), 500.

— (Macropygia), 479.

americanus (Coccyzus), 252, 253.

amethystina (Aeolochroma), 403.

Amicta, 133, 134, 153, 157.

Amizilis, 251, 252.

Ammetopa, 123.

Ammodaucus, 157.

Ammomanes, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12-16, 20-26, 42-4,

56, 72, 171, 172.

Ammophila, 600.

amoena (Maracanda), 455, 458.

amoenus (Copsychus), 365, 367, 382.

Amphicoma, 106.

amphileuca (Saxicola), 54.

Amphimallon, 106.

ampla (Prasinocyma), 438.

ampliflava (Cartaletis), 395.

Amycto, 26.

Anabasis, 147.

anais (Melanopyrrhus), 526, 527.

Analestesa, 90. ;

analis (Catamenia), 238.

— (Dendrocopos), 349.

— (Dryobates), 349.

— (Pyenonotus), 359.

analoga (Ptilotis), 516, 517, 518, 519.

analogus (Asura), 213.

Anas, 6, 66.

Anastoechus, 464.

anceps (Orthetrum), 468.

andamanensis (Xenocerus), 268.

Andrena, 598.

Androphilus, 475, 504.

Andropogon, 145, 146.

Androzeugma, 441, 442.

Anerastia, 138, 469.

angulifera (Callipotnia), 394.

angusticollis (Heliotaurus), 97.

angustula (Campylomma), 597.

Anisodactylus, 87.

Anisogamia, 406, 409.

Anisoplia, 107.

Anisozyga, 406-422.

annulata (Trithemis), 468.

annulatus (Andropogon), 146.

annuligera (Lophostola), 438, 439.

annulipes (Mecotropis), 266.

Anomala, 107, 108.

Anomphax, 437.

anonymus (Centropus), 323.

ansorgei (Ctenophthalmus), 545, 549, 550, 551.

— (Lophuromys), 550, 561, 572.

Antalastor, 602.

antennarius (Erodius), 98.

_ anterior (Nadal), 454.

Anthia, 18, 88,

Anthicus, 94-6.

Anthophila, 598.

anthophilaria (Rhodometra), 132.

Anthracoceros, 338.

Anthreptes, 368, 369.

Anthus, 8, 9, 11, 14, 20, 21, 46, 47, 173, 174, 371.

Anthyllis, 151.

Anumeta, 129, 130, 469.

anxius (Stephanophorus), 104.

Aphanus, 594.

Aphodius, 104, 105.

apiaster (Merops), 14, 17, 25, 60, 181.

apiciplaga (Chrysallactis), 194.

— (Melanaema), 203.

Apisa, 188.

apistus (Dinopsyllus), 569, 570, 573, 574, 577.

-Aplonis, 375-7, 381.

apoda (Paradisea), 521.

Apodemus, 590.

Apopestes, 131.

approximans (Pachycephala), 509.

approximata (Prasinocyma), 430.

— (Zophosis), 98.

apriona (Xiphiopsylla), 543, 544.

Aprosmictus, 487.

aptera (Cercopis), 466.

Apterogyna, 599.

apterus (Falcidius), 466.

Apus, 26, 27, 59, 180.

Aquila, 63.

aquila (Fregata), 334.

arabica (Cleome), 150.

aracari (Pteroglossus), 227.

Arachnothera, 368.

Aracima, 406.

araneus (Crocidura), 588.

araxicola (Anthicus), 95.

arbustorum (Eumenes), 598.

arcifer (Mecotropis), 268.

arciferus (Xenocerus), 274.

arcuata (Dendrocygna), 333.

Ardea, 9, 332.

ardens (Arvicanthis), 572.

— (Xanthomelus), 524.

Ardeola, 64, 333.

ardesiacus (Contopus), 245,

Ardetta, 22, 65, 184.

Ardices, 278.

ardosiaca (‘Tyrannula), 246,

ardosiacus (Myiochanes), 245, 246,

arenacea (Exoprosopa), 462, 463.

arenalis (Cybolomia), 141,

Arenaria, 331.

arenaria (Asura), 205,

— (Discestra), 121.

— (Metallolephia), 404,

( 620 )

arenarius (Pterocles), 185.

arenicola (Streptopelia), 66, 184.

— (Tephroclystia), 133.

— (Turtur), 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 184.

arenicolor (Ammomanes), 4, 7, 8, 11, 16, 23, 26,

43, 171.

— (Galerida), 3, 45, 172.

Arenipses, 138.

arenosa (Clytie), 128.

arenosus (Nesoleon), 446.

arfakensis (Berta), 439.

arfaki (Oreocharis), 51%.

— (Tyto), 283, 284.

arfakiana (Sericornis), 502, 503.

arfakianus (Aepypodius), 477.

— (Talegallus), 477.

Argya, 72.

argyrocephala (Cytherea), 463.

argyrocephalus (Mulio), 463.

arida (Eublemma), 127.

aridalis (Aetenia), 469.

— (Constantia), 140, 469.

aridaria (Nearcha), 389.

aridiella (Tephris), 136.

aries (Cossus), 134, 135.

Aristida, 4, 34, 145. ~

aristides (Julodis), 92.

armata (Melecta), 598.

armillaris (Cyanops), 347.

armiti (Heteromyias), 497.

Arnebia, 159.

arquata (Cisticola), 178.

Arremon, 236,

Arses, 494.

Artamus, 289-93, 366, 506.

Artemisia, 161.

articulata (Anabasis), 147.

— (Tamarix), 156.

articulatum (Haloxylon), 147.

aruensis (Arses), 494.

— (Geoffroyus), 486.

— (Philemon), 514.

— (Pitohui), 506.

— (Psittacus), 486.

— (Ptilotis), 516, 519.

arundinaceus (Acrocephalus), 50, 176.

Arundo, 9, 50.

aruscensis (Paraxerus), 529.

Arvicanthis, 529, 530, 535, 545, 549-51, 565, 568,

569, 572.

arvensis (Moricandia), 151.

Arvicola, 286.

arycanda (Progonodes), 417.

ascalaphus (Bubo), 6, 37, 61, 182.

Asellia, 10, 28.

asiatica (Papilio), 109.

Asio, 61, 76, 285,

——————

aspasia (Cinnyris), 512.

asper (Acanthodactylus), 80.

aspericollis (Amaurocoris), 592.

Asphodelus, 147. ’

aspilatella (Staudingeria), 137.

assimilis (Cacomantis), 489. ;

— (Dicrurus), 527.

— (Macropygia), 311, 312.

— (Mecocerus), 260.

— (Poospiza), 238.

Asteriscus, 161. F

Astrapia, 474, 521.

astrarche (Lycaena), 116.

Astur, 475, 482.

Asura, 203, 205-14.

Asuridia, 202.

asuroides (Melanaema), 203.

asyllaria (Heterorachis), 438.

atalanta (Pyrameis), 3, 114.

ater (Dicrurus), 374.

— (Tasgius), 89.

aterrimus (Microglossus), 485.. ;

— (Psittacus), 485. :

— (Solenoglossus), 485. ]

Athene, 14, 24, 25, 27, 61, 62, 72. I

Athetis, 126. ‘

Athysanus, 466, 467.

atlantica (Pistacia), 25.

atlantis (Elephantulus), 587.

— (Gypaétus), 63.

Atomophora, 597.

Atomoscelis, 597.

atomus (Ctenophthalmus), 551, 561.

atopus (Meganthribus), 264, 265.

atra (Fulica), 9, 10, 22, 68.

— (Manucodia), 520, 521.

— (Rhipidura), 495.

Atractylis, 161.

atrata (Charmosyna), 485.

atratus (Faleinellus), 475, 522.

atribasalis (Eulocastra), 127, 128.

atribasis (Metaxanthia), 591.

atricapilla (Muscicapa), 9, 17, 18, 21, 4%. Fs

— (Pitta), 492.

atricollis (Pteroglossus), 227.

atrigula (Ploceus), 373.

atriplicis (Hoplopus), 107.

atrirostris (Cyclarhis), 234,

— (Cyclorhis), 234.

atropos (Alastor), 602.

Attagenus, 91.

audax (Ctenophthalmus), 546, 547, 549, 560.

— (Tachyorystes), 542, 548.

Aulacoderus, 96.

Aulacorhamphus, 254, 255.

Aulacorhynchus, 254, 255.

aurantiaca (Nishada), 224.

A Lae ai I ca

ate

a> eee

( 621 )

aurantiifrons (Loriculus), 488. Basitropis, 584.

aurantiifusca (Metarctia), 187. bassus (Spilornis), 334.

aurantiiventris (Chloris), 168. batavorum (Loriculus), 488

aurea (Pachycephala), 508. Bathmisyrma, 493.

. aureata (Asura), 208. batis (Anisozyga), 406.

| aureiventris (Metaxanthia), 591. — (Oxychora), 432.

aureoplagiata (Eugoa), 222. batnensis (Mylabris), 97.

aureorosea (Miltochrista), 225. baui (Albarracina), 119.

aureus (Canis), 36. baya (Ploceus), 373.

— (Xanthomelas), 524. Baza, 305-8, 483.

auricularis (Otogyps), 62. beatrix (Anisozyga), 412.

— (Rhipidura), 494. beccarii (Chaleophaps), 480.

Aurigena, 92. — (Phlegoenas), 480.

auritus (Plecotus), 28. beckeri (Exoprosopa), 461, 462.

ausonia (Euchloé), 111. bedeli (Thriptera), 100.

australicus (Xenocerus), 276. belemia (Euchloé), 3, 111, 112.

australis (Eurystomus), 301. belfordi (Melirrhophetes), 475, 514, 515.

— (Xantholaema), 348. belia (Euchloé), 111.

avernalis (Asura), 212, 213. bella (Eromene), 135.

axillaris (Monarcha), 493. — (Ploas), 464.

Axinotarsus, 90. bellus (Conophorus), 464.

azurea (Aleyone), 488. — (Ptilinopus), 477.

— (Hypothymis), 293-7, 351. bengalensis (Alcedo), 312, 313, 314, 336.

azureus (Eurystomus), 302. — (Centropus), 342.

bennetti (Gazella), 35.

bentet (Lanius), 355, 356, 382.

bacchante (Oenomys), 530, 537, 555, 558. berardi (Ocypterus), 293.

bacha (Falco), 334. bergeri (Passer), 168, 169.

badius (Phodilus), 335. bergii (Sterna), 331.

baetica (Cleophana), 124. berlepschi (Parotia), 523.

bagdadensis (Exoprosopa), 462. —(Thryothorus), 229, 230.

bairdi (Coceyzus), 252. bernsteini (Centropus), 490.

bakeri (Aeolochroma), 403. Berta, 439.

balicus (Criniger), 358, 381. beryllina (Alcedo), 337.

baliensis (Ptilinopus), 328. biarmicus (Falco), 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 23, 25, 64,

— (Rhinomyias), 351, 352, 381. 184,

balteata (Gelasma), 419. bibronii (Agama), 78.

— (Selysiothemis), 469. bicinetus (Xenocerus), 272, 273.

balteatus (Sphingonotus), 612. bicolor (Asura), 210.

banghaasi (Albarracina), 118. — (Chionaema), 192.

y barbara (Rhagonycha), 90. — (Gelasma), 419, 420.

barbarus (Orthomus), 87. — (Lycomorphodes), 200.

— (Pterostichus), 87. — (Odozana), 196.

barbatus (Gypaétus), 63. bicornuta (Prasinocyma), 430,

— (Pycnonotus), 76. bieostatus (Erodius), 98.

barbicornis (Xenocerus), 269, 270. bifasciata (Illice), 199.

Barita, 520. bifuscata (Anisozyga), 410.

Baroda, 138. bilopha (Eremophila), 46, 170, 172.

Barsinella, 202. — (Otocorys), 25, 26, 46, 170.

bartoni (Zaglossus), 189, 190, 191. bimaculata (Acheta), 615.

basalis (Chaleococeyx), 342. — (Poecilodryas), 497.

— (Mecocerus), 257. bimaculatus (Crocopsis), 359.

basialba (Chionaema), 192. — (Pyecnonotus), 359, 382.

basigranatus (Stephanophorus), 104. bimaénsis (Chibia), 373.

Basileuterus, 235, 236. — (Dicrurus), 373.

basipunctata (Afrida), 195. binotatus (Metabletus), 88.

basitesselata (Asura), 206. bipartita (Chrysallactis), 194.

biplagiata (Miltochrista), 216.

bipuncta (Chlorocoma), 425.

bipunctata (Eugoa), 221.

bisbimaculatus (Tachys), 87.

biseraensis (Tarache), 128.

— (Teracolus), 113.

biskraélla (Catabola), 142.

— (Tineola), 142.

biskrensis (Akis), 99.

— (Euphutomma), 599.

— (Mutilla), 599.

— (Oxythyrea), 108.

bismarcki (Baza), 305, 308.

bitincta (Graptasura), 204.

bitorquata (Streptopelia), 330.

Blaps, 99.

Blechromopsis, 432.

Bledius, 89.

Blepharopsis, 156, 607.

bleusei (Anomala), 108.

— (Constantia), 140

— (Hybalonomala), 108.

blythi (Cyclopsitta), 485.

— (Cyclopsittacus), 485.

— (Opopsitta), 485.

boarula (Motacilla), 361, 370, 519.

bodeli (Onthophagus), 106.

Bodilus, 105.

boisdeffrei (Grammodes), 129.

boissyi (Xanthomima), 93.

boliviana (Callisthenia), 199.

Bombinator, 62.

bombycinus (Cataglyphis), 600.

— (Myrmecocystus), 600.

Bombylius, 463, 464, 465.

bombylius (Amphicoma), 186.

— (Eulasia), 106.

Bombyx, 118, 119.

bonapartii (Todopsis), 499.

bonduelli (Statice), 158.

bonelli (Phylloscopus), 17, 21, 49, 50.

bonnairei (Perrinellus), 92.

Borago, 160.

borbae (Thamnophilus), 227.

borealis (Motacilla), 47.

— (Phylloscopus), 353.

borin (Sylvia), 22, 51.

borneensis (Centropus), 322.

— (Enicurus), 361.

— (Pomatorhinus), 360.

boskianus (Acanthodactylus), 80, 81.

Bostrychopsis, 93.

Botys, 141.

bougainvillei (Asura), 213.

boulengeri (Chalcides), 82.

bouvieri (Anthicus), 96.

brabantella (Heterographis), 137.

( 622 )

braccata (Saucerottia), 249, 251.

brachydactyla (Calandrella), 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14,

42.

Brachynema, 593.

Brachynus, 88.

brachyotus (Otus), 285.

Brachypteryx, 361.

brachyrhynchus (Contopus), 246.

brachyurus (Surniculus), 340, 341.

bracteatus (Dicrurus), 527.

brasiliensis (Pulex), 529.

— (Xenopsylla), 529.

bravi (Eurystomus), 301.

brehmii (Psittacella), 487.

— (Psittacus), 487.

brehmorum (Apus), 26, 27, 59, 180.

brevicauda (Amalocichla), 504.

— (Paradigalla), 475, 523.

brevipennis (Mecocerus), 258.

— (Philemon), 475, 513, 514.

brevirostris (Mecotropis), 267.

brisouti (Formicomus), 94.

browni (Conopophaga), 248.

bruguieri (Fagonia), 154.

bruijni (Nasiterna), 486.

— (Zaglossus), 189, 190, 191.

brunnea (Calophasia), 124.

brunneicauda (Hyloterpe), 352.

— (Pachycephala), 355.

— (Rhinomyias), 352.

brunneiventris (Crateroscelis), 502.

brunneri (Sphingonotus), 612.

brunnescens (Mecocerus), 259, 260.

— (Odozana), 197.

— (Pingasa), 397.

brunneum (Amphimallon), 106.

brunneus (Amphimallon), 106.

— (Aphodius), 104.

— (Hylophilus), 235. ”

bryoniaefolium (Erodium), 153.

Bryophila, 125, 469.

Bubalis, 35.

bubalis (Bubalis), 35.

Bubo, 6, 37, 61, 182.

bubo (Bubo), 6, 182.

bubutus (Centropus), 321, 322, 323, 342.

buccoides (Ailuroedus), 526.

— (Kitta), 526.

bucephalus (Xyletinus), 93.

buchariensis (Anthicus), 95.

Bufo, 84.

bulle (Croce), 444.

burdigalensis (Gryllus), 615.

Burhinus, 68.

buruanus (Xenocerus), 277.

buruensis (Cinnyris), 310.

— (Zosterops), 367.

Rr ret nal ay od SNE ean tiem

( 623 )

busilaphus (Bubalis), 35.

Buteo, 14, 15, 23, 63, 183.

Butorides, 333.

byrsopis (Thalassodes), 82.

eabanisi (Poospiza), 238.

cabirus (Ctenophthalmus), 549, 550, 551, 561.

Cacatua, 335, 486.

Caceabis, 24, 25, 67, 72, 185.

Cacomantis, 342, 382, 489.

caelestis (Mecotropis), 266, 267.

Caenotriccus, 241.

caeruleogrisea (Coracina), 499.

caeruleogriseus (Graucalus), 499.

caerulescens (Eupetes), 505.

caeruleus (Parus), 27, 47.

Caesalpinia, 152.

cagayanensis (Anthreptes), 369.

calamaria (Asura), 211.

Calamochrous, 140.

Calandrella, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 42, 78.

calearata (Hyalorhipis), 611.

calearatus (Scaurus), 99.

calcariella (Staudingeria), 136.

cealcariellina (Staudingeria), 136.

calceatus (Ctenophthalmus), 545, 549, 561.

californianus (Geococcyx), 253, 254.

caligatus (Trochilus), 251.

Calliechthrus, 489.

callima (Alcedo), 336, 337.

Callipotnia, 394.

Callisthenia, 198, 199.

callopterus (Aprosmictus), 487.

callosum (Lithospermum), 160.

ealocara (Hypothymis), 297.

Calocoris, 596.

calonyx (Eurystomus), 298, 299, 300.

Calophasia, 122, 124, 125.

Calopteryx, 468.

Calornis, 356, 375, 377.

calorynx (Eurystomus), 299.

Calosoma, 87.

camelus (Struthio), 70, 71.

campanae (Petromys), 576.

Campephaga, 500, 501.

campestris (Anthus), 8, 9, 11, 14, 47.

— (Dipodillus), 29, 143, 589.

— (Hypsophthalmus), 578, 580.

Campochaera, 499.

Camponotus, 600.

Camptobrochis, 596.

Camptocera, 594.

Campylomma, 597.

canarius (Serinus), 39.

candidissima (Helix), 24.

canescens (Glottis), 69.

canescens (Hyalorhipis), 611.

— (Morettia), 150.

canifusalis (Constantia), 139.

caniola (Prasinocyma), 426.

canipileus (Chlorospingus), 235.

— (Hemispingus), 235.

Canis, 36, 535.

canis (Ctenocephalus), 528, 532, 533-5.

— (Pulex), 535.

ceannabina (Carduelis), 39.

canorus (Cuculus), 341.

cantans (Melampsalta), 465.

— (Tettigonia), 465.

cantator (Thryothorus), 227, 232.

canteneri (Metopoceras), 123.

cantillans (Sylvia), 12, 14, 52, 74, 177.

capensis (Asio), 76.

— (Ramphaleyon), 338.

Capparis, 23, 149.

caprata (Pratincola), 290, 354.

— (Saxicola), 354.

Caprimima, 220.

Caprimimodes, 220.

Caprimulgus, 20, 21, 25-7, 59, 60, 181.

382, 491.

cara (Lophostola), 438.

caradrinoides (Laphigma), 126.

carbonaria (Elis), 599.

— (Trielis), 599.

carbonarius (Aphanus), 594.

Cardepia, 122.

Cardiophorus, 92.

Cardium, 10.

Carduelis, 27, 38, 39, 168.

carduelis (Acanthis), 367.

— (Carduelis), 27, 38, 168.

cardui (Pyrameis), 2, 3, 4, 13, 114.

carinata (Sessinia), 94.

carissima (Agathia), 405.

carnea (Heterographis), 137.

carolae (Parotia), 475, 523.

carolinae (Galerida), 24, 25, 44, 45, 171.

Carpocarpa, 158.

Carpocoris, 593.

Carpophaga, 328, 381, 382, 478.

Carpophilus, 91.

Cartaletis, 395.

cassicus (Cracticus), 507.

castaneata (Comibaena), 415.

— (Conostolodes), 415.

— (Pyrrhorachis), 415.

castaneiventris (Cacomantis), 489.

castaneothorax (Rhipidura), 495.

castaneus (Olibrus), 91.

castanonotus (Eupetes), 475, 505.

castanops (‘Tyto), 280, 282, 283.

castanopterum (Glaucidium), 335.

340,

castanopterus (Centropus), 321, 324.

Casuarina, 326, 366, 367.

Casuarius, 476.

casuarius (Casuarius), 476.

Catabola, 142.

Cataglyphis, 600.

Catamenia, 237, 238.

cataphanes (Apopestes), 131.

caucasica (Ctenophthalmus), 547.

caudacuta (Chaetura), 491.

— (Hirundo), 491.

Caulocera, 218, 219.

caurensis (Thryothorus), 227, 233.

Cazama, 469.

Ceblepyris. 500.

Cebriognathus, 90.

celebensis (Artamus), 289, 290, 291, 292.

Celerena, 394.

Celerio, 13, 21, 22, 117, 147, 155.

Centrococeyx, 321, 322.

centrophylla (Prasinocyma), 420.

Centropus, 321-4, 342, 347, 490.

Cephus, 600.

Cerastes, 8, 22, 47, 83.

cerastes (Cerastes), 8, 47, 83.

— (Coluber), 83.

Ceratophyllus, 536, 537, 544.

Cerchneis, 183.

Cercopis, 466.

Cerocala, 130.

Certhilauda, 8.

cervinus (Anthus), 173, 174.

cestina (Anumeta), 130.

cestis (Anumeta), 130.

ceylonensis (Culicicapa), 352.

— (Hypothymis), 296.

Ceyx, 338, 488.

chabordis (Cleophana), 123.

Chaetorhynchus, 527.

Chaetura, 475, 491.

Chalastogastra, 600.

Chalcides, 76, 82.

chalcites (Saprinus), 89.

Chaleococeyx, 342.

chalconota (Carpophaga), 478.

Chalcophaga, 382.

Chalcophaps, 330, 480.

Chalcopsittacus, 483.

Chalicodoma, 598.

chalybata (Manueodia), 520.

chalybea (Calornis), 375.

chalybeae (Calornis), 377.

chalybeus (Lamprocorax), 377.

Chamaeleon, 82.

Chamaita, 219, 220.

chamaitoides (Nudaria), 220.

chamomillae (Cucullia), 122.

( 624 )

Chara, 18, 145.

Charadrius, 26, 69, 186, 331, 482.

charlonia (Euchloé), 2, 113.

Charmosyna, 475, 484, 485.

Charmosynopsis, 475, 484.

Chelidon, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14-25, 58, 180, 350, 492,

493.

chellalalis (Cladeobia), 469.

Chelonia, 77.

chenopodiphaga (Pseudohadena), 125.

cheopis (Loemopsylla), 529.

— (Pulex), 529.

— (Xenopsylla), 143, 529.

chersinus (Xenopsylla), 143.

Chibia, 373.

childreni (Meganthribus), 264, 265.

Chilena, 16, 119.

chimaera (Troides), 278.

Chimaeropsylla, 578, 581.

chinensis (Amaurornis), 304.

— (Excalfactoria), 327.

— (Gryllus), 615.

— (Streptopelia), 329, 3380, 382.

Chionaema, 192, 193, 225.

Chloéres, 440.

chlora (Pingasa), 398.

Chloridia, 119.

chlorigaster (Anthreptes), 369.

Chloris, 168.

chloris (Chloris), 168.

— (Haleyon), 337, 338.

— (Zosterops), 381.

Chlorissa, 433.

Chlorochroma, 423, 425, 480, 440.

Chlorodrepana, 417, 418.

Chloroparda, 435, 436.

chloroprosopa (Prasinocyma), 420.

chloroptera (Melanocharis), 511.

chloropterus (Chaleopsittacus), 483.

chloropus (Gallinula), 331.

Chlorospingus, 235, 236, 237.

chobauti (Croce), 444.

— (Milluta), 599.

— (Nina), 444.

— (Perrinellus), 92.

Chobautiella, 89.

christiei (Plecotus), 28.

Chroantha, 593.

chrysaétus (Aquila), 63.

Chrysallactis, 194.

chryseus (Macronemurus), 452, 453.

chrysippus (Danais), 13, 114.

chrysocercus (Merops), 25, 60, 181.

Chrysochloroma, 429.

Chrysococeyx, 489.

Chrysocolaptes, 350.

chrysogaster (Gerygone), 497.

chrysolineata (Berta), 400, 439.

chrysomela (Asura), 206.

chrysomelina (Epilachna), 91.

Chrysophanus, 116.

chrysoptera (Diphyllodes), 521.

chrysostigma (Orthetrum), 468.

chrysotis (Ptilotis), 516.

Chrysuronia, 248, 249.

Cicindela, 17. 20, 86.

Cicinnurus, 521.

Ciconia, 65.

ciconia (Ciconia), 65.

ciliare (Pennisetum), 146.

ciliata (Nitidula), 90.

— (Plantago), 160.

cinctus (Ptilinopus), 328.

— (Xenocerus), 273.

cineraceus (Dicrurus), 373, 381.

— (Orthotomus), 364.

cinerascens (Pachytylus), 611.

cinerea (Agathia), 406.

— (Alloeopage), 404, 405, 406.

— (Diarhabdosia), 217.

— (Ptilotis), 516.

— (Sylvia), 22, 51.

cinereiceps (Macropygia), 479.

cinereocapilla (Motacilla), 9, 17, 47.

cinereus (Myrmeleon), 446.

— (Parus), 366, 382.

cinnamomea (Neopipo), 246, 247.

— (Pipra), 247.

cinnamomeogrisea (Polia), 121.

cinnamomina (Scotogramma), 121.

Cinnyris, 309, 310, 368, 382, 512.

Circaetus, 25, 64, 183.

circia (Pterocyanea), 66.

— (Querquedula), 66.

circumflexa (Cicindela), 86.

circumscripta (Metallochlora), 433.

circumsepta (Hypodoxa), 399.

Circus, 9, 12, 22, 63, 64.

cirnei (Rhynchocyon), 581.

Cirphis, 122.

cirrhocephalus (Astur), 475, 482.

cirtensis (Buteo), 14, 15, 23, 63, 183.

Cistela, 90.

Cisticola, 178, 362-4, 382.

cisticola (Cisticola), 178, 362.

citernii (Anthicus), 96.

citreopygus (Ramphastos), 254.

citrina (Geocichla), 365.

— (Illice), 199.

citrinopuncta (Asura), 206.

Cladeobia, 469.

claudii (Casnarius), 476.

claveli (Tmethis), 612.

clavicornis (Mycetoporus), 89.

( 625 )

clavipalpis (Athetis), 126.

Clelea, 442, 443.

Clemensia, 202.

clementiae (Cinnyris), 309, 310.

Clemmys, 77.

Cleome, 150.

cleopatrae (Xenopsylla), 143.

cleopatrella (Nephopteryx), 135.

Cleophana, 122, 123, 124.

cleptea (Amaurornis), 303, 304.

clivorum (Elephantulus), 588.

clot-bey (Rhamphocorys), 26, 41.

Clytie, 128.

Clytoceyx, 488, 489.

Clytomyia, 475.

Clytomyias, 499.

Cnipolegus, 240.

coarctatus (Eumenes), 598.

coeandica (Colias), 187.

coccinea (Miltochrista), 215.

Coccinella, 91.

coccineoflammeus (Asura), 210.

coccineotermen (Miltochrista), 225.

Coeeyzus, 252, 253.

coelebs (Fringilla), 365.

Coelopeltis, 83.

ccerulans (Sphingonotus), 612.

coerulea (Anisozyga), 406.

coeruleocephala (Hypothymis), 295, 296.

— (Muscicapa), 296.

cognata (Pyrgomorpha), 613.

Colias, 3, 13, 113, 187.

collaris (Muscicapa), 22, 48, 175, 337.

Collocalia, 339, 381, 491.

collurio (Lanius), 22.

collybita (Phylloscopus), 3, 5, 14, 15, 17, 21, 49,

84.

Coluber, 83.

Columba, 24, 66, 311, 477, 478.

Colymbus, 70.

Comibaena, 415, 416.

commixta (Gelasma), 419, 420.

communis (Sylvia), 22, 24, 51.

Comostola, 440.

Comostolopsis, 440.

compressicornis (Polycorynus), 583, 584.

— (Xenocerus), 273.

concolor (Cartaletis), 395.

confusum (Europtron), 107.

confusus (Thriponax), 317-19,

conica (Pyrgomorpha), 613.

conjunctus (Xenocerus), 270.

connectens (Eurystomus), 298, 302.

Conophorus, 464.

Conopophaga, 248.

Conostolodes, 415,

consobrina {Prasinocyma), 430, 431.

conspicillata (Gerygone), 498.

— (Sylvia), 14, 15, 52.

Constantia, 139, 140, 469.

continua (Ephutomma), 599.

— (Mutilla), 599.

Contopus, 245, 246.

contra (Sturnopastor), 375.

Conurus, 336.

conversus (Ctenocephalus), 531, 532, 533.

convexus (Anthracoceros), 338.

Convolvulus, 8, 159.

cophurus (Ctenophthalmus), 556-61.

Copicucullia, 122.

Copiphana, 122.

Copsychus, 365, 367, 382.

Coptognathus, 108.

Coracias, 60, 298, 301.

Coracina, 499, 500.

corae (Xenocerus), 274.

corax (Corvus), 11, 24, 25, 37, 38, 72, 167.

coraya (Thryothorus), 227, 228-33.

— (Turdus), 228.

cordata (Daemia), 23, 159.

cordiger (Mecotropis), 267.

Corium, 394.

cornelia (Prioneris), 279.

Cornifrons, 141.

— (Lyctus), 93.

cornuta (Euphorbia), 155.

cornutum (Zygophyllum), 154.

cornutus (Cerastes), 22, 47, 83.

corolla (Prasinocyma), 431.

coromanda (Ardeola), 333.

coronata (Ifrita), 504.

— (Prionotheca), 100.

coronatus (Anthracoceros), 338.

— (Pterocles), 185.

Corone, 378.

coronoides (Corvus), 378.

coronulatus (Ptilinopus), 477.

Cortyta, 129.

Corvus, 11, 24, 25, 37, 38, 72, 167, 378, 500.

Cossus, 134, 135.

costilobata (Callisthenia), 198.

costimacula (Schistophleps), 218.

costimaculata (Ergavia), 396.

— (Paraptychodes), 395.

costipicta (Strepsichlora), 432.

Coturnix, 67.

coturnix (Coturnix), 67.

Cracticus, 507.

cramera (Lycaena), 116.

crassirostris (Eurystomus), 298, 303, 490.

— (Rhamphocharis), 511, 512.

Crateropus, 4, 24, 25, 52, 155, 178.

Crateroscelis, 501, 502.

craterus (Ctenocephalus), 532, 533.

( 626 )

cratippus (Danais), 114.

Crator, 108.

erawfurdii (Picus), 321.

crawshayi (Dendrohyrax), 532, 535, 536.

Creagris, 453.

erecca (Anas), 6, 66.

cretica (Fagonia), 153.

creticus (Lotus), 152.

Criniger, 358, 381.

erinigera (Phlegoenas), 481.

crinita (Tropinota), 108.

Criophasia, 124.

cristata (Fulica), 10.

— (Galerida), 3, 5, 44, 45.

— (Sterna), 331.

cristatus (Lanius), 356.

— (Pitohui), 507.

Crocalia, 139.

Croce, 444.

croceus (Colias), 3, 13, 113.

Crocidura, 553, 573, 588, 589.

Crocopsis, 359.

Crotalaria, 152.

eruciata (Asura), 212.

— (Miltochrista), 214.

cruentata (Myzomela), 512.

Crypsiphona, 404.

Crypsirhina, 378.

eryptochroma (Chlorodrepana), 417.

Cryptolopha, 353, 354, 537.

Ctenocephalus, 528, 531-6.

Ctenodactylus, 30-32.

Ctenophthalmus, 528, 545-61, 581.

Ctenopsyllus, 562, 563, 578.

cucullatus (Phyllergates), 364.

Cucullia, 122.

Cuculus, 253, 254, 341, 342, 382, 489.

Culicicapa, 352.

culminata (Lalage), 357.

euniculus (Crator), 108.

cuprealis (Aglossa), 139.

curruca (Sylvia), 9, 14, 15, 20.

Cursorius, 8, 10, 24-6, 68, 185.

curta (Zophosis), 98.

Curtilla, 615.

curvifrons (Platypterna), 610.

curvilinea (Allochrostes), 442.

— (Omphacodes), 442.

eurvipes (Dericorys), 613.

— (Derocorystes), 613.

curvirostris (Rhinococeyx), 347.

— (Phoenicophaés), 347, 381.

euvieri (Gazella), 33.

— (Talegallus), 476.

cyaneus (Myiophoneus), 361.

— (Psilothrix), 90.

eyanicollis (Eurystomus), 298.

( 627 )

cyanirostris (Knipolegus), 240. Dendrobiastes, 351, 382.

eyanocephala (Amizilis), 252. Dendrocopos, 349.

cyanocephalus (Todopsis), 499. Dendrocyena, 481.

Cyanoderma, 361. Dendrocygna, 333, 481.

cyanogrammus (Trichoglossus), 484. Dendrohyrax, 532, 535, 536.

Cyanops, 347, 348. Dendromys, 545, 553, 558, 573.

cyanoventris (Halcyon), 338, 378, 379. Dendrotrogus, 584.

. eyanura (Euchichla), 350. deningeri (Phoenicophaés), 347, 381.

g — (Pitta), 350. dentatilineata (Prasinocyma), 423.

' eyanus (Poecilodryas), 496. dentilinea (Oxychora), 432.

Cybolomia, 141. defecta (Agathia), 404.

i Cyclarhis, 234. depompata (Rhodesia), 434.

‘ Cyclopsitta, 485. depressa (Heteracantha), 87.

; Cyclopsittacus, 485. Dericorys, 613.

\ Cyclorhis, 234. Dermestes, 91.

cylindrica (Acmaeodera), 92. Derocorystes, 613.

Cymatoplex, 436. deserta (Eublemma), 127.

Cypselus, 491. desertalis (Noctuelia), 141.

cyrtana (Copicucullia), 122. deserti (Acanthodactylus), 81.

— (Cucullia), 122. —(Ammomanes), 8, 12, 14, 15, 20, 23, 24, 42,

Cyrtopeltocoris, 597. 56, 72.

Cyrtostomus, 309. — (Elephantulus), 586, 587, 588.

Cytherea, 463. — (Hemophytum), 11, 150.

— (Ja¢ulus), 590.

— (Lacerta), 81.

dabogala (Xerus), 529. — (Marrubium), 160.

Dacelo, 488, 489. — (Oenanthe), 7, 54, 179.

Daemia, 23, 159. — (Saxicola), 4, 11, 54, 179.

daemon (Procavia), 530. — (Sylvia), 2, 4, 8, 23, 24, 26, 51, 177.

daira (Teracolus), 113. — (Tarentola), 78.

dama (Gazella), 35. deserticola (Celerio), 22, 117, 155.

Danais, 13, 17, 114. — (Chobautiella), 89.

danica (Locusta), 611. — (Diecranoplia), 107.

daplidice (Leucochloé), 110. — (Enoplatarsus), 108.

— (Pieris), 2, 4, 13, 24, 110, 111. — (Erodius), 98.

Dasymys, 537, 572. — (Julodis), 26.

Dasyptilus, 486. — (Melitaea), 2, 21, 114, 115.

Daucus, 157. — (Plusia), 129.

debilis (Prasinocyma), 420, 421. — (Staudingeria), 136.

decander (Gymnocarpus), 149. — (Sylvia), 3, 52, 74.

decemguttatus (Xenocerus), 272. desertorum (Alaemon), 172.

decipiens (Loboptera), 603. — (Bubo), 6, 182.

decoloratus (Sphodromererus), 614. — (Caprimulgus), 22, 59.

decorata (Anisozyga), 410, 411, 413. — (Cebriognathus), 90.

decumbens (Arnebia), 159. — (Euchloé), 111.

defarguesi (Pentaria), 97. — (Stirogaster), 594.

degenerata (Prasinocyma), 420, desolata (Anisozyga), 410, 412.

deichleri (Galerida), 2, 4, 26, 44, 45, 171, 172. deundulata (Albarracina), 118.

delamerei (Nasilio), 572. Deverra, 110, 115, 157.

delectabilis (Anisozyga), 412. deviata (Prasinocyma), 424.

deletus (Xenocerus), 276. diadema (Myiobius), 243,

Delias, 476. — (Ochthoeca), 242, 243.

delicata (Prasinocyma), 423. Dianthus, 149.

delicatula (Tyto), 280, 283. diaphana (Heterorachis), 438.

deliciosaria (Phagelia), 133. diaphora (Kulocastra), 127, 128.

Deltocephalus, 467. Diarhabdosia, 217.

Demiegretta, 333. diarita (Racheospila), 416.

( 628 )

Dicaeum, 367, 368, 381, 511. domesticus (Passer), 39, 40, 168, 169.

Dichirotrichus, 88. dominicianus (Lanius), 290.

Dichorda, 437. dominieus (Charadrius), 331.

Dichordophora, 437. donax (Arundo), 9, 50.

dichroa (Ephutomma), 599. doreas (Gazella), 34.

— (Mutilla), 599. doreya (Macropygia), 479.

Dichromodes, 388. dorippus (Danais), 114.

dichrous (Monarcha), 493. dorsalis (Arvicanthis), 529.

Dicranoplia, 107. — (Opilo), 90.

dicruroides (Surniculus), 340, 341. dorsimaculata (Anisozyga), 409.

Dicrurus, 373, 374, 381, 526. dorsovittis (Physopterus), 582, 583.

Dictyophara, 465, 466. Dorylus, 600.

Diduga, 220. douei (Adesmia), 98.

didyma (Melitaea), 2, 21, 24, 114, 115. Drasterius, 92.

dilucida (Apopestes), 131. drucei (Ergavia), 396.

diluta (Cleophana), 124. dryas (Thamnomys), 537.

— (Rhipidura), 381. Dryobates, 349.

dilutalis (Constantia), 140, 469. dubia (Gracula), 378.

— (Tephris), 469. dubius (Charadrius), 69, 186, 482.

dilutaria (Ophiographa), 390. — (Hecalus), 466.

dilutior (Talara), 201. dufourii (Melanopsis), 10, 18.

dimidiatipennis (Eumenes), 599. dumontii (Mino), 526.

Dinopium, 349, 381. duperreyi (Megapodius), 477.

Dinopsyllus, 561-78. ‘ Dupetor, 481.

diops (Ptilotis), 515. duprasi (Pachyuromys), 589.

Dioscore, 424. : dussumieri (Streptopelia), 330.

dioscorodes (Chlorochroma), 423. Dyscheilia, 437.

Diphyllodes, 521. Dysdamartia, 436.

Diplodesma, 434, Dyspessa, 134, 135.

Diplootocus, 58, 74.

Diploptera, 598.

Diplotaxis, 150. eatoni (Salius), 600.

Dipodillus, 29, 30, 143, 589. ebenina (Ammophila), 600.

Dipus, 30. — (Psammophila), 600.

discata (Prasinocyma), 429. eburnicollis (Rhizotrogus), 106.

Discestra, 120, 121. Echidna, 188.

discoprivata (Prasinocyma), 429, Echidnophaga, 528.

discrepans (Xenocerus), 275. echinus (Dinopsyllus), 563, 564, 565, 566, 573,

dispar (Cortyta), 129. , 577.

dissimilis (Strepsichlora), 432. Echium, 159.

Dissoura, 332. Eclectus, 487.

distincta (Bryophila), 125. Edoliisoma, 500, 501.

— (Euchloé), 111. edusa (Colias), 3, 113.

distinctaria (Hemithea), 424. edwardsi (Opopsitta), 485.

Divales, 90. Egadroma, 87.

diversum (Dicaeum), 511. Egretta, 65, 332, 333.

divisa (Zygaenosia), 204. electo (Colias), 113.

dodsoni (Dipodillus), 30, 589. elegans (Lanius), 3, 4, 16, 23, 24, 25, 27, 48, 72,

dohertyi (Lophozosterops), 381. 155, 174.

— (Miltochrista), 215. —(Paniseus), 601.

— (Todopsis), 499. — (Procris), 443.

Dolichaesia, 195. — (Siphia), 351.

Dolichocera, 263. — (Stenodactylus), 78.

dolosus (Ceratophyllus), 544. Elephantuli, 587.

— (Listropsylla), 544. Elephantulus, 586-5.

dombrowskii (Motacilla), 174. eleus (Chrysophanus), 116.

domesticus (Gryllus), 615. elgonis (Otomys), 542, 545, 558, 568.

y i y'

( 629 )

Elis, 599.

ellioti (Amizilis), 252.

ellobius (Dinopsylla), 562, 563, 574, 577.

elongata (Miltochrista), 216.

— (Oreosterops), 379, 381.

elongatum (Leucohimatium), 91.

eluta (Diplodesma), 434.

— (Hemithea), 434.

emarginata,(Pachychile), 99.

Emberiza, 24, 41, 170, 237.

Emberizoides, 238, 239.

Embernagra, 238.

emiliana (Macropygia), 329, 382.

emiliaria (Hypodoxa), 399, 401.

Empidochanes, 239, 240, 241.

enca (Corvus), 378.

Endoliche, 195.

endorhoda (Neurotoca), 434.

enganensis (Aplonis), 377.

engis (Ctenophthalmus), 545, 551, 554, 555, 556,

561.

Enicurus, 361.

Enneadesmus, 93.

Enoplatarsus, 108.

Enosima, 469.

Enosoma, 138.

Eos, 335, 483.

ephippia (Eucera), 598.

ephippiaria (Racheospila), 417.

ephippiger (Hemianax), 468.

Epicauta, 97.

Epilachna, 91.

Epimys, 535, 542, 545, 551, 554, 558, 565, 568-72.

Episcardia, 142.

episcopus (Dissoura), 332.

epistomalis (Adoretus), 107.

epomis (Xenocerus), 272.

epops (Upupa), 9, 14, 25, 61, 181.

eques (Myzomela), 512.

equestris (Spilostethus), 593.

— (Xenocerus), 275, 276.

eranna (Anisozyga), 411, 412.

eremaula (Phthoimaea), 143.

Eremazus, 105.

Eremias, 81, 82.

Eremocharis, 612.

Eremophila, 25, 26, 46, 72, 170, 172.

eremus (Dinopsyllus), 573, 574, 577.

Eretes, 88.

Ergavia, 396.

Erinaceus, 586.

Eriomastyx, 218.

erlangeri (Falco), 8, 11, 12-15, 25, 64, 184.

— (Otus), 182.

— (Phylloscopus), 49.

— (Scops), 182.

Erodium, 153.

Erodius, 98.

Erolia, 482.

Eromene, 135.

Eromenes, 135.

Erythra, 304.

erythrocephala (Myzomela), 513.

erythropleura (Ptilotis), 515, 516.

erythropus (Euxerus), 535, 536.

— (Rhinocoris), 595.

Erythrospiza, 4. 14, 23, 39, 72.

erythrothorax (Lorius), 484.

Erytus, 104.

Esacus, 332.

esculenta (Rana), 10, 18, 84.

ethelinda (Cartaletis), 395.

Eublemma, 126, 127, 469.

Eucera, 598.

Euchloé, 2, 3, 8, 13, 24, 54, 72, 111-13.

Eucichla, 350.

Eucrostes, 437, 441.

Eudynamis, 382.

Eugerygone, 494.

Eugigas, 257, 263.

Eugoa, 221, 222, 226.

Eulabes, 377.

Eulacestoma, 510.

Eulasia, 106.

euleri (Coceyzus), 252, 253.

Eulocastra, 127, 128.

eumeces (Ctenophthalmus), 548, 549, 561.

Eumenes, 598, 599.

euparypha (Cartaletes), 395.

Eupelix, 466.

Eupetes, 475, 505.

Euphorbia, 4, 22, 117, 155.

euphorbiae (Celerio), 22, 117, 155.

euphratica (Megacephala), 87.

Euphutomma, 599.

Euprepocnemis, 614.

europaeus (Caprimulgus), 20, 22, 59.

Europtron, 107.

Eurosia, 193.

eurycercus (Centropus), 322.

Eurylomia, 217.

Eurystomus, 297-303, 336, 490.

euspilus (Meganthribus), 264, 265.

eusticta (Oxychora), 432.

Eutane, 216.

Euthriptera, 100.

Euthyrhynchus, 515.

Eutrygon, 480.

euxanthe (Colias), 187.

Euxena, 418.

Euxerus, 535, 536.

Euxoa, 120.

evanescens (Euchloé), 111.

everetti (Xenocerus), 271.

( 630 )

Evergestis. 140. felix (Pulex), 536.

eversmanni (Phylloscopus), 49. Felovia, 31, 32.

exalbata (Anisozyga), 407. feminina (Asura), 213.

examinandus (Phylloscopus), 353. femoralis (Phytocoris), 596.

Excalfactoria, 327. fenestrata (Berta), 439.

excubitor (Lanius), 3, 4, 16, 23-7, 48, 72, 155, 174. | Fennecus, 29.

excusata (Gerusia), 393. ferox (Buteo), 14, 15, 23, 63, 183.

exigua (Acanthodactylus), 81. ferruginea (Anomala), 107.

—(Laphigma), 126. ferrugineipectus (Grallaria), 248.

exiguus (Acanthodactylus), 81. — (Grallaricula), 248.

exilipes (Erodius), 98. ferrugineus (Gallus), 382.

exilis (Cisticola), 362, 363, 364, 382. — (Pitohui), 506.

eximius (Ctenophthalmus), 558, 559, 560. — (Rectes), 506.

Exochomus, 91. ferruginosa (Munia), 372.

Exoprosopa, 461, 462, 463. figuratus (Drasterius), 92.

expandens (Barsinella), 202. — (Saprinus), 89.

exsul (Dinopium), 349, 381. filicornis (Platypterna), 609, 610.

— (Pericrocotus), 357, 381. filigera (Ptilotis), 516.

— (Tiga), 349. fimbriata (Lalage), 357.

fimbriatus (Bombylius), 465.

— (Xenocerus), 271.

Fagonia, 153, 154. fissurata (Lithostege), 132.

Faleidius, 466. flaccata (Acidalia), 131.

Falcinellus, 475, 522. flagellatus (Xenocerus), 274, 275, 276, 277.

falcinellus (Ibis), 9. flamandi (Fagonia), 153.

— (Plegadis), 65. ‘ Flammea, 284.

Falco, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 23-7, 64, 184, 284-6, 306, flammea (Tyto), 283.

334, 483. flammeum (Dicaeum), 368.

fallax (Zosterops), 366. flammeus (Asio), 61, 285.

falloui (Euchloé), 13, 112. — (Pericrocotus), 357, 381.

famelica (Vulpes), 36. Flatipalpus, 107.

familiaris (Prinia), 364, 381. flava (Athetis), 126.

faremonti (Adesmia), 98. — (Motacilla), 12, 14, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 47, 74,

Farsetia, 150. 84, 174, 370.

fasciata (Afrida), 195. flavescens (Phylloscopus), 49.

— (Chionaema), 193. flaviceps (Campochaera), 499.

— (Eugoa), 221, 226. — (Metarctia), 187.

— (Narasodes), 224. flavicollis (Dupetor), 481. r.

— (Rallina), 331. flavidior (Troides), 278.

fasciatus (Centropus), 321. flavidus (Heterocerus), 92.

— (Ceratophyllus), 536, 537. flavifrons (Amblyornis), 525.

— (Conurus), 336. flavilimes (Prasinocyma), 432.

— (Myrmeleon), 446. flavilinea (Anisozyga), 408.

— (Oncocephalus), 594. flavimargo (Gigantothea), 431.

fascinans (Anisozyga), 407. flavipes (Exochomus), 91.

fasciolata (Asura), 212. flaviplaga (Sarcinodes), 393.

— (Caulocera), 218, 219. flavirictus (Ptilotis), 516.

— (Cortyta), 129. flaviventer (Machaerirhynchus), 498.

fascioterminata (Chamaita), 219. flaviventris (Chlorospingus), 236, 237.

fascirrorata (Eugoa), 226. — (Melilestes), 513.

fastuosus (Xenocerus), 272. flavogrisea (Pachycare), 475, 510.

fausti (Stirogaster), 595. flavoplagiata (Miltochrista), 215.

feddeni (Mulleripicus), 321. flavopunctata (Asura), 207.

— (Thriponax), 318, 321. flavovirescens (Microeca), 495.

fedtschenkoi (Myrmecaelurus), 449, 450. flexuosa (Cicindela), 86.

feei (Limoniastrum), 158. florea (Usia), 463.

felis (Ctenocephalus), 528, 532, 533-6. floresaria (Prasinocyma), 429.

floresiana (Alcedo), 314, 315, 336.

— (Ramphaleyon), 338.

floridensis (Asura), 213.

fliickigeri (Passer), 39, 40, 168, 169.

foetida (Chara), 18, 145.

foghaénsis (Zosterops), 367.

forbesi (Cartaletis), 395.

forficula (Enneadesmus), 93.

Formicivora, 229, 231, 235.

Formicomus, 94.

forreri (Amazilia), 251.

forsteni (Trichoglossus), 381.

fossularum (Micrelytra), 593.

Fradina, 161.

fragilis (Prasinocyma), 421, 422.

fragmentata (Anisozyga), 409, 410.

Fregata, 334.

Fringilla, 237, 365.

fringillarius (Microhierax), 334.

frischi (Dermestes), 91.

frontalis (Chelidon), 493.

— (Hirundo), 492.

— (Oreosterops), 366, 379, 382.

— (Phonapate), 93.

— (Zosterops), 367.

fruhstorferi (Mecotropis), 266.

— (Xenocerus), 272.

fruticans (Fagonia), 153.

fruticola (Pratincola), 354.

— (Saxicola), 354.

fruticosa (Linaria), 160.

fruticosus (Gymnocarpus), 149.

fuciphaga (Collocalia), 491.

fulgurea (Hypodoxa), 398.

Fulica, 9, 10, 22, 68, 304.

fuliginosa (Fring.lla), 237.

— (Syria), 137.

— (Tiaris), 237.

— (Zygaenosia), 205.

fulva (Argya), 72.

fulvigaster (Picus), 318.

fulvigula (Euthyrhynchus), 515.

— (Timeliopsis), 515.

fulvigularis (Chlorospingus), 236.

fulvipectoris (Crateroscelis), 502.

fulvipes (Spilostethus), 593.

fulvitarsis (Anthophora), 598.

fulvotineta (Pachycephala), 354.

fulvus (Crateropus), 4, 24, 52, 155, 178.

— (Gyps), 25, 62.

fumidus (Turdus), 382.

fumigatus (Melipotes), 515.

— (Myiochanes), 245, 246.

— (Tyrannus), 245.

fumosa (Crocidura), 553, 573.

funesta (Oxythyrea), 108.

funestes (Mungos), 536,

( 631 )

furcata (Tyto), 283.

fuscata (Eos), 483.

fuseatus (Eos), 483.

fuscicapilla (Cisticola), 362, 364.

fuscicapillus (Eurystomus), 298.

fuscifrons (Gazella), 35.

fuscirostris (Talegallus), 476.

fuscofascia (Nishada), 223.

fuscogrisea (Thallarcha), 217.

fuscostrigosa (Sessinia), 94.

fuscus (Totanus), 286.

galactodes (Agrobates), 178.

galactotes (Agrobates), 22, 25, 52.

Galerida, 2, 3, 4, 5, 24-6, 44, 45, 171, 172.

galerita (Cacatua), 486.

gallicus (Circaetus), 25, 64, 183.

— (Cursorius), 68, 185.

gallinaceus (Echidnophaga), 528.

— (Sareopsyllus), 528.

Gallinago, 9, 69, 332.

gallinago (Gallinago), 9, 69.

Gallinula, 303, 304, 331.

gallinula (Gallinago), 9.

— (Limnocryptes), 69.

Gallus, 327, 382.

gamblei (Pachycephala), 508.

garamantis (Dipodillus), 30.

garrulus (Coracias), 60.

garzetta (Egretta), 65, 333.

gassana (Copiphana), 122.

gaudichaud (Dacelo), 489.

— (Sauromarptis), 489.

gayi (Trochilus), 250.

gayneri (Eublemma), 127.

Gazella, 11, 21, 23, 33-5.

gazella (Mecocerus), 258, 259, 260.

— (Onthophagus), 106.

gazellae (Mecocerus), 259.

Gecinus, 348.

geelvinkianum (Dicaeum), 511.

Gegenes, 116.

Gelasma, 406, 418-20, 422.

geminata (Prasinocyma), 421.

genei (Ischnura), 468.

Genetta, 532, 535.

geniculata (Platypterna), 608, 610.

Geocichla, 365, 382, 505,

Geococeyx, 253, 254,

geoffroyi (Charadrius), 331.

Geoflroyus, 381, 486.

geometrica (Prasinocyma), 426.

Geopelia, 330,

Gerbillus, 29, 589.

gerbillus (Gerbillus), 29.

gerboa (Jaculus), 590.

germana (Miltochrista), 214.

—(Odozana), 197.

germanus (Amblyornis), 529.

Geron, 463.

Gerusia, 392, 393.

Gerygone, 497, 498.

geslini (Mecomischus), 161.

gestroi (Ptilinopus), 478.

gibbifer (Mecocerus), 261.

gibbosus (Physopterus), 261, 262.

gigantea (Mellopitta), 475, 491.

gigantoptera (Hypothymis), 295.

Gigantothea, 429, 431.

gigas (Eurystomus), 297, 299.

— (Gigantothea), 431.

gilliesii (Caesalpinia), 152.

gilvata (Mecyna), 140.

girrenera (Haliastur), 334, 382.

githaginea (Erythrospiza), 4, 14, 23, 39, 72.

glabra (Pachychile), 99.

Glareola, 22, 68.

glareola (Totanus), 9, 69, 288.

— (Tringa), 69, 331.

Glaresis, 104.

glauca (Prasinocyma), 424.

glauce (Euchloé), 112.

Glaucidium, 335.

glauconome (Leucochloé), 111.

— (Pieris), 21, 111.

Glossopsittacus, 484.

Glottis, 69.

glottis (Tringa), 6.

godmani (Cylopsittacus), 485.

— (Leptopogon), 243.

— (Opopsitta), 485.

goebeli (Anthicus), 95.

goiavier (Pycnonotus), 359.

goldiei (Glossopsittacus), 484.

— (Trichoglossus), 484.

goliathensis (Anisozyga), 410.

goliathi (Melipotes), 515.

goliathina (Charmosyna), 475, 485.

— (Eriomastyx), 218.

goliathus (Eugigas), 263.

goodfellowi (Zaglossus), 189, 190, 191.

gouldi (Dupetor), 481.

gracile (Europtron), 107.

gracililinea (Anisozyga), 413.

gracilipes (Micipsa), 99.

gracilis (Leptopternis), 612.

— (Phloeobiopsis), 585.

— (Platypterna), 608, 610.

— (Ptilotis), 517, 518, 519.

Gracula, 377, 378.

Gracupica, 374, 375, 381.

graellsi (Ischnura), 468.

Grallaria, 248.

( 632 )

Grallaricula, 248.

grammiceps (Cryptolopha), 353.

grammicus (Odontotarsus), 592.

Grammodes, 129.

grandis (Phacusosia), 203.

— (Yungipicus), 380.

granti (Clenopsyllus), 578.

granulata (Oxythespis), 604, 605, 606.

granulatus (Tolyphus), 91.

Graphipterus, 88.

Graphiurus, 537, 545, 554, 558, 574, 578-

Graphosoma, 592.

Graptasura, 204.

gratiosa (Ochthoeca), 243.

gratiosus (Mecocerculus), 243.

Graucalus, 356, 499, 500.

graveolens (Asteriscus), 161.

gregaria (Schistocerca), 614.

griseatus (Caprimulgus), 340.

griseicauda (Osmotreron), 328.

— (Treron), 328, 381.

griseiceps (Basileuterus), 235, 236.

— (Pachycephala), 509, 510.

griseigula (Formicivora), 229, 231.

— (Thryothorus), 229, 230, 231.

griseipectus (Thryothorus), 227, 232, 234.

griseirostris (Melirrhophetes), 475, 514.

griseiventris (Megalestes), 496.

— (Poecilodryas), 475, 496.

griseobasis (Chamaita), 219, 220.

griseola (Kublemma), 127.

— (Odontelia), 121.

— (Odozana), 196.

griseotincta (Asura), 206.

— (Reinwardtoenas), 480.

grisescens (Euthriptera), 100.

griseus (Varanus), 80.

grisola (Muscicapa), 49.

— (Pachycephala), 355.

grosulariata (Abraxas), 202.

grus (Megalornis), 68.

gryllotalpa (Curtilla), 615.

Gryllus, 615.

grypurus (Dinopsyllus), 572, 573, 577.

guineensis (Syntophoderes), 583.

gularis (Criniger), 358, 381.

— (Rhipidura), 494.

gundi (Ctenodactylus), 31, 32.

gurneyi (Baza), 305, 308.

gusti (Aplonis), 375, 376, 381.

guttata (Acmaeodera), 92.

— (Aethomyias), 475, 501.

— (Dendrocygna), 481.

guttatum (Erodium), 153.

guttatus (Mecocerus), 259.

— (Melanocoryphus), 594.

— (Stenodactylus), 78.

guttula (Monarcha), 493.

guttulata (Dendrocygna), 481.

— (Eremias), 82.

— (Lacerta), 82.

gutturalis (Chelidon), 350, 492.

— (Hirundo), 492.

guyonella (Oecocecis), 142, 158.

Guyoniana, 155.

guyoniana (Euphorbia), 4, 22, 117.

guyonianum (Limoniastrum), 4, 142, 157, 464.

Gymindis, 88.

Gymnocarpus, 149.

Gymnochroma, 220.

Gymnocorvus, 520.

Gymnocrex, 481.

Gymnophaps, 479.

Gymnopleurus, 106.

gymnops (Melipotes), 475, 515.

Gypaétus, 63.

Gyps, 25, 62.

gyrfalco (Falco), 287.

haematodes (Trichoglossus), 484.

haematodus (Trichoglossus), 335, 381.

haemorrhoidalis (Calopteryx), 468.

— (Divales), 90.

hhageni (Mesogomphus), 468.

Halcyon, 337, 338, 378, 379, 489.

Haliaétus, 334.

Haliastur, 334, 382.

halimifolia (Fradina), 161.

Halogeton, 148.

halophila (Oenanthe), 7, 54.

— (Saxicola), 23, 54.

Haloxylon, 147.

haloxylon (Schmittianum), 147.

halteratus (Halter), 444.

Halter, 444.

hamicornis (Anthicus), 94.

handlirschi (Glaresis), 104.

hapala (Androzeugma), 441, 442.

Haplophyllum, 155.

hardwickei (Uromastix), 79.

harenosus (Anthicus), 94, 95.

hargitti (Thriponax), 317, 320.

harmala (Peganum), 154.

harmalae (Anthophora), 598.

Harpagophana, 123.

harterti (Alastor), 599, 602.

— (Anumeta), 469.

— (Arses), 494.

— (Artamus), 292.

— (Dictyophara), 465.

— (Hemiprocne), 339.

— (Machaerirhynchus), 498.

—(Massoutiera), 14, 15, 31, 32.

( 633 )

harterti (Melitaea), 24, 115.

— (Mylabris), 97.

— (Nina), 445.

— (Ochodaeus), 105.

— (Platypterna), 608, 609, 610.

— (Reduvius), 595.

— (Thisoicetrus), 614.

hayi (Apodemus), 590.

— (Gazella), 35.

Hecalus, 466.

heegeri (Nezara), 593.

helenae (Neopipo), 246, 247.

Helianthemum, 156.

Helicopage, 405, 406.

Heliosciurus, 537, 538, 570.

Heliotaurus, 97.

Heliotropium, 159.

Helix, 24.

helviventris (Phlegoenas), 481.

helvolus (Eretes), 88.

Hemianax, 468.

Hemilophus, 320.

Hemipodius, 327.

Hemiprocne, 339.

hemipterus (Carpophilus), 91.

Hemipus, 356.

Hemispingus, 235.

Hemistola, 438.

Hemithea, 424, 434.

Hemithylaca, 250, 251.

hemochroa (Oenanthe), 54.

Hemonia, 222.

Hemophytum, 11.

Henicopernis, 483.

Henicophaps, 480.

henkei (Anumeta), 129, 469.

henoni (Mylabris), 97.

henoniana (Anthyllis), 151.

Henophytum, 150.

henricii (Cyanops), 347.

herba (Artemisia), 161.

herberti (Thryothorus), 227, 228-33.

herbicola (Emberizoides), 239.

Herpestes, 528.

hesperidum (Cucullia), 122.

Heteracantha, 87.

Heterocerus, 92.

Heterochaeta, 604, 605, 606.

Heterographis, 137.

Heterogyna, 600.

heterogyna (Inope), 442, 443.

Heteromyias, 497.

Heterorachis, 435, 438.

Hierochthonia, 435,

hieroglyphica (Asura), 207.

— (Odozana), 197.

hilgerti (Anumeta), 130.

( 634 )

hilgerti (Chilena), 16, 119.

Himatismus, 99.

hippia (Xiphiopsylla), 538-44.

Hippolais, 17, 21, 22, 27, 50, 51.

hirsuta (Ammophila), 600.

— (Psammophila), 600.

— (Thymelaea), 156.

hirsutus (Ctenopsyllus), 563, 573.

— (Dinopsyllus), 563, 565, 566, 574, 577.

hirtipes (Gerbillus), 589.

hirtum (Helianthemum), 156.

Hirundo, 9, 14, 17, 20, 22, 25, 58, 180, 339, 491,

492.

hispanica (Oenanthe), 14, 56, 73, 179.

— (Saxicola), 9, 12, 179.

hispanicus (Calocoris), 596.

— (Gryllus), 615.

hispaniolensis (Passer), 39, 40, 168, 169.

hispida (Ocnera), 100.

hispidoides (Alcedo), 314-16.

hodgsoni (Cyanops), 348.

hodgsonii (Hemilophus), 320.

—(Thriponax), 318, 320.

hodnae (Euxoa), 120.

hoffmanni (Hemithylaca), 250, 251.

— (Saucerottia), 250, 251.

Holectypus, 10.

holochroa (Progonodes), 417.

holoschoenus (Scirpus), 146.

Holotrichius, 595.

Homeosma, 137.

homochroa (Oenanthe), 179.

— (Saxicola), 179.

Homospora, 391.

Hoplia, 107.

Hoplopus, 107, 108.

Horeites, 365, 381.

horridus (Dinopsyllus), 576, 577.

horsfieldi (Turdus), 366, 381.

horsfieldii (Picus), 318.

hortensis (Sylvia), 22, 51.

hortulana (Emberiza), 41.

horvathi (Camptocera), 594.

hospitonides (Papilio), 13, 24, 109, 157.

hottentottus (Dicrurus), 373.

Houbara, 68.

humei (Artamus), 289, 291.

humeralis (Xenocerus), 275.

humile (Echium), 159.

hunsteini (Diphyllodes), 521.

Hyaena, 36.

hyaena (Hyaena), 36.

Hyalocoris, 594.

Hyalorhipis, 611.

Hybalonomala, 108.

Hybosorus, 106.

hybridus (Geron), 463.

hybridus (Pirates), 595.

Hybris, 284.

hydrochaeris (Aphodius), 105.

— (Bodilus), 105.

Hydrochelidon, 22, 69.

Hydrous, 89.

Hylophilus, 235.

Hyloterpe, 352.

hyparetes (Xiphiopsylla), 542, 543, 544. ::

Hyperaspis, 91.

hyperetes (Xiphiopsylla), 542. F

hyperphyes (Corium), 394. .

hyperythra (Dendrobiastes), 351, 382. s

— (Muscicapula), 351. 2

— (Rhipidura), 495.

Hypobapta, 404.

hypoerita (Dendrotrogus), 584.

Hypodoxa, 398, 399-401.

Hypolais, 177.

hypoleuca (Actitis), 69. 4

— (Muscicapa), 9, 17, 18, 21, 49, 175.

— (Poecilodryas), 496.

— (Totanus), 9, 22, 69.

— (Tringa), 69, 482.

hypoleucos (Tringa), 332. $

— (Tringoides), 332. 4

hypoleucus (‘Tringoides), 186. ?

Hypopta, 135.

Hyposiccia, 202.

Hypothymis, 293-7, 351.

hypoxanthus (Ploceus), 373.

Hypsophthalmus, 578-80.

hyreanus (Anastoechus), 464.

Hystrichopsylla, 562.

Tambiodes, 469.

ibeans (Thamnomys), 581.

ibeanus (Thamnomys), 537, 554..

ibera (Testudo), 77.

This, 9.

ibis (Ardeola), 333.

icanus (Mecotropis), 267.

ichneumon (Mungos), 536.

icterina (Hippolais), 50.

— (Hypolais), 177.

Ictinaétus, 334.

idiochroa (Hypothymis), 297.

Teracidea, 334.

Ifrita, 504.

igneus (Bombinator), 62.

ignibasis (Talara), 201.

ignota (Paradisea), 522.

ignotus (Seleucides), 522.

iliolophus (Melilestes), 513.

Illiberis, 443.

Illice, 199, 200, 225.

Seethie, diei Meee adel 1

( 635 )

illigeri (Hybosorus), 106. intensa (Miltochrista), 226.

Imitator, 128, 130. intermedia (Chaleides), 82.

imitator (Mecocerus), 260, 261. — (Egretta), 332.

imitatrix (Ptilotis), 519. — (Platypterna), 610.

immaculicornis (Brachynus). 88. — (Prasinocyma), 430.

impellucida (Inope), 442, 443. — (Xantholaema), 348.

imperator (Agrotis), 120. intermedius (Centrococcyx), 322, 323.

— (Clytoceyx), 488. — (Centropus), 322, 324.

imperialis (Oenochlora), 404. — (Cuculus), 341, 342, 382.

impressa (Mylabris), 97. j interpres (Arenaria), 331.

improbus (Tyranniscus), 242. — (Geocichla), 382.

incarnata (Hypodoxa), 400. intima (Aeolochroma), 401, 403.

incerta (Bryophila), 125, 469. Todes, 434.

— (Campephaga), 501. ion (Onitis), 106.

— (Iambiodes), 469. iranica (Pieris), 111.

incertum (Edoliisoma), 501. iridescens (Anisozyga), 407, 410.

incisus (Ceratophyllus), 536. — (Trischallis), 222.

indica (Chaleophaps), 330, 382. Tris, 604.

— (Tyto), 283. irregularis (Eugoa), 226.

indicus (Enicurus), 361. — (Miltochrista), 215.

indistincta (Stigmatops), 369, 381. irrisor (Cardepia), 122.

inductaria (Comibaena), 416. irritans (Pulex), 529.

indus (Haliastur), 334, 382. irroratus (Otomys), 542, 545, 548, 558, 568.

inermis (Agama), 26, 78. isabella (Gazella), 21, 34.

— (Lawnsonia), 17. isabellina (Ammomanes), 172.

infestus (Ceratophyllus), 537. — (Asura), 213.

infirma (Pyrrhaspis), 424. isabellinus (Lepus), 33.

infumata (Asura), 214. — (Phytonomus), 104.

infumatus (Corvus), 37. Ischnura, 468.

ingens (Dinopsyllus), 577. isidis (Loemopsylla), 530.

— (Palaeopsylla), 561-2. — (Pulex), 530.

— (Typhlopsylla), 563, 577. — (Xenopsylla), 530.

inguinata (Cardepia), 122. isidori (Pomatorhinus), 505.

innominata (Ceyx), 338. isogamia (Anisozyga), 409, 410.

innuba (Anisozyga), 408. isorrhopia (Prasinocyma), 422.

inobilitus (Anthicus), 96. ispida (Alcedo), 312, 313-16, 336, 337, 361.

Inope, 442, 443. italiae (Passer), 39, 168, 169.

inornata (Acanthodactylus), 81. italicum (Graphosoma), 592.

— (Amblyornis), 525, ituribisciensis (Thryothorus), 229, 230.

— (Sylvia), 74, 177. Tulops, 441.

inornatus (Amblyornis), 525. Ixias, 279.

— (Ptilonorhynchus), 525. Txobrychus, 65, 333.

inotata (Cazama), 469.

inquieta (Scotocerca), 4, 26, 52, 178.

inquinata (Strepsichlora), 432. jacksoni (Epimys), 535, 542, 545, 554, 558, 565,

insignis (Clytomyias), 475, 499. 570.

— (Dendromys), 553, 558. Jaculus, 30, 143, 590.

— (Eremocharis), 612. jaculus (Dipus), 30.

— (Mecotropis), 266, 267. — (Jaculus), 30, 143, 590.

insularis (Amaurornis), 303, 304. jalla (Sturnopastor), 375.

— (Asura), 212. jamesi (Phonygammus), 520.

— (Tyto), 283. Janira, LO.

insulindae (Cuculus), 341, 382. Janthoenas, 479.

insulsata (Euxena), 418. japonica (Pyrameis), 114.

— (Gelasma), 418. javana (Gracula), 377, 378.

intacta (Illice), 199. javanense (Dinopium), 349, 381,

intensa (Asura), 210. javanensis (Centropus), 342.

javanensis (Eulabes), 377.

— (Gracula), 378.

— (Ploceella), 373.

— (Tiga), 349.

javanica (Amanrornis), 303, 304, 331.

— (Chelidon), 492, 493.

— (Gallinula), 303.

— (Hirundo), 492.

— (Mirafra), 370.

— (Oreosterops), 366, 378, 381, 382.

— (Rhipidura), 351.

— (Turnix), 327.

— (Zosterops), 367.

javanicus (Leptoptilus), 332.

javensis (Graucalus), 356.

— (Picus), 318.

— (Thriponax), 316-21, 350.

jerboa, 590.

jerburyi (Staudingeria), 136.

jerdoni (Thriponax), 321.

jesupi (Ochthoeca), 242, 243.

jobiensis (Manucodia), 520.

— (Philemon), 513, 514.

jolyi (Lotus), 152.

jordana (Dyspessa), 134.

josephinae (Charmosyna), 484.

— (Chrysuronia), 248, 249.

— (Trichoglossus), 484.

— (Trochilus), 248.

Josiodes, 210.

Julodis, 26, 92.

junceti (Laphigma), 126.

Jynx, 9, 17, 61.

kabylaria (Leucanitis), 128.

kabylicus (Lepus), 32.

kantarae (Tentyria), 99.

kaporensis (Ptilinopus), 478.

keaysi (Ochthoea), 241.

keiensis (Cinnyris), 309, 310.

— (Nasiterna), 475, 486.

kempi (Dinopsyllus), 574, 575, 577.

keniae (Heliosciurus), 537,

keraudrenii (Barita), 520.

— (Phonygammus), 520.

kertészi (Leptoconops), 3, 6, 27.

Ketupa, 335.

ketupa (Ketupa), 335.

kimberli (Tyto), 280, 281, 282.

Kitta, 526.

klecho (Hirundo), 339.

Knipolegus, 239, 240.

kokpetica (Mutilla), 599.

— (Pseudophotopsis), 599.

komaroffi (Salebria), 136.

komarovi (Mutilla), 599.

( 636 )

komarovi (Pseudophotopsis), 599.

k6nigi (Julodis), 92.

korbi (Albarracina), 118.

korschun (Milvus), 8, 11, 14, 24, 63, 183.

korthalsi (Sphenocereus), 382.

kraussi (Calophasia), 124.

— (Platypterna), 609, 610.

kuhli (Pipistrellus), 28, 586.

lacernulata (Carpophaga), 328, 381.

Lacerti, 81, 82.

lachlani (Myrmecaelurus), 447, 449.

lacrymans (Xenocerus), 273.

lactans (Spilostethus), 593.

lactealis (Lymire), 138, 469.

lacteociliata (Illice), 199.

lacteoflava (Asura), 208.

Laemocoris, 596, 597.

Laemostenus, 87.

laetata (Agathia), 405.

laetior (Eurystomus), 299.

laeviceps (Anthicus), 95.

laevicollis (Xenocerus), 274.

laevigata (Periploca), 23, 159.

laevipennis (Psammodius), 105.

lahayei (Pingasa), 131.

Lalage, 357.

lamborni (Apisa), 188.

lameerei (Sphingonotus), 612.

Lamprocorax, 377, 526.

laniger (Andropogon), 146.

Lanius, 3, 4, 9, 14-17, 21-5, 27, 48, 72, 155, 174,

290, 355, 356, 382.

lapegrandi (Himatismus), 99.

Laphigma, 126.

lardatella (Episcardia), 142.

larina (Echidnophaga), 528.

Lasioderma, 93.

lateralis (Canis), 535.

laticineta (Eulocastra), 128.

laticostata (Prasinocyma), 428, 429.

latifasciatus (Xenocerus), 270, 272.

latimarginaria (Osteodes), 132.

latipes (Platypterna), 610.

latistriga (Prasinocyma), 430.

laurencei (Corvus), 38.

lawesi (Tachyglossus), 191.

Lawnsonia, 17.

laxiflora (Linaria), 160.

Lebia, 88.

lefrancei (Coptognathus), 108.

— (Erodius), 98.

Leggada, 553.

lemoroi (Heterochaeta), 605, 606.

— (Oxythespis), 606.

lendeni (Geococeyx), 253.

( 637 )

lenis (Anisozyga), 415. leucothorax (Rhipidura), 494.

leopardina (Asura), 209. leucotera (Pieris), 110.

Lepidogenys, 306. leucotrichus (Ammodaucus), 157.

o lepidus (Myrmecaelurus), 447. — (Convolvulus), 8, 159.

. leprieuri (Cardiophorus), 92. leucura (Oenanthe), 43, 56.

( leprosa (Clemmys), 77. libyssa (Cartaletes), 395.

I — (Hypodoxa), 400. licheneus (Xenocerus), 274.

7 Leptaletis, 395. lichenosa (Hypodoxa), 400.

t leptoceros (Gazella), 11, 23, 33, 34. lignaria (Chionaema), 192.

} Leptoconops, 3, 6, 27. — (Dolichaesia), 195.

: Leptoctenopsis, 392. limbata (Ptilotis), 369.

4 leptoctenopsis (Onycodes), 391. — (Stigmatops), 369, 381.

j Leptopogon, 243. limbatellus (Neuroleon), 451.

; Leptopsylla, 528, 562, 566, 577, 579, 581. Limnocryptes, 69.

Leptopternis, 611. Limoniastrum, 4, 10, 26, 142, 157, 158, 464.

Leptoptilus, 332. Linaria, 160.

leptorrhynchus (Aplonis), 377. linchi (Collocalia), 339, 381.

Lepus, 32, 33, 535, 536, 590, 591. lindeni (Agrion), 468.

3 lervia (Ovis), 36, 459, 460. — (Coceyzus), 252.

leschenaulti (Enicurus), 361. lineata (Celerio), 13, 21, 117, 147.

— (Melittophagus), 338. — (Cyanops), 347, 348.

lessonii (Aleyone), 488. — (Maracanda), 455, 456, 458.

lesteraria (Racheosphila), 417. lineatum (Graphosoma), 592.

Leucanitis, 128. lineatus (Thereiceryx), 347, 348.

leucoblepharus (Basileuterus), 235. Linoceraea, 596, 597.

Leucochloé, 110, 111. liparidia (Asura), 206.

leucogaster (Artamus), 366. Lissochlora, 416.

— (Haliaétus), 334. Lissocraspeda, 390.

— (Ocypterus), 290. Listropsylla, 544.

— (Picus), 318. Lithoprocis, 194.

leucogastra (Munia), 371, 372, 381. Lithospermum, 160.

leucogastroides (Munia), 371, 381. Lithostege, 132.

— (Uroloncha), 371. littoralis (Anthicus), 95.

Leucohimatium, 91. — (Thisoicetrus), 615.

leucolophus (Calliechthrus), 490. litura (Prodenia), 125.

leucomelaena (Amaurornis), 303. lituratus (Mecocerus), 260.

leucomelana (Amaurornis), 304. livia (Columba), 24, 66.

— (Gallinula), 304. livida (Nacerdes), 94.

leucophrys (Brachypteryx), 361. — (Mathiola), 150.

leucophthalmus (Cymindis), 88. — (Polyphaga), 603, 604.

— (Sphodrus), 87. lividus (Aphodius), 104.

leucoporeia (Eutrygon), 480. livornica (Celerio), 13, 21, 117, 147.

— (Trugon), 480. livornicoides (Celerio), 117.

Leucopsar, 325, 375, 381. Lixus, 104.

leucops (Poecilodryas), 475, 497. lobatus (Ptyodactylus), 77.

leucoptera (Hydrochelidon), 22, 69. Loboparadisea, 475, 523.

leucopyga (Oenanthe), 6-8, 15, 21, 25, 26, 43,55, | Loboptera, 603.

72, 179. Locusta, 611.

— (Saxicola), 11, 14, 24, 55, 179. loderi (Gazella), 11, 23, 33, 34.

leucopygialis (Artamus), 289, 292, 506. Loemopsylla, 529, 530.

leucorhynchos (Artamus), 289-93, 506. longicauda (Coracina), 500.

— (Lanius), 290. — (Graucalus), 500,

leucorhynchus (Artamus), 366. — (Henicopernis), 483.

leucorrhoa (Oenanthe), 14, 54, 73. longicaudus (Falco), 483.

leucoryn (Lanius), 290. longiceps (Phantia), 466,

leucostictus (Eupetes), 505. — (Rhinophantia), 466.

leucostigma (Pachycephala), 509. longicollis (Mesostena), 98,

( 638 )

longicornis (Acanthothorax), 257. lunigera (Linoceraea), 597.

— (Axinotarsus), 90. lunulata (Cicindela), 86.

— (Mecocerus), 258. lupinoides (Crotalaria), 152.

— (Polycorynus), 583. Luscenia, 18.

— (Xenocerus), 271. Luscinia, 14, 58.

longidentalis (Constantia), 139, 469. lusitanicus (Spilostethus), 593.

longidentata (Anisozyga), 414. lutea (Chilena), 119.

longifrons (Dinopsyllus), 566, 568, 569, 570, 576, | — (Metarctia), 187.

577. luteofasciata (Acidalia), 132.

longipennis (Calandrella), 42. luteus (Bombyx), 119.

— (Dryobates), 349. lutiella (Eromene), 135.

— (Hemiprocne), 339. lutosa (Mecocerus), 258.

— (Hirundo), 339. luzonica (Xanthetis), 203.

— (Macropteryx), 339. Lycaena, 3, 17, 116.

longirostris (Ptilotis), 519. Lycomorphodes, 200.

longiseta (Paronychia), 149. lycosius (Ctenophthalmus), 554, 556, 561.

longispina (Aphodius), 105. Lyctus, 93.

longistriga (Odozana), 196. Lymantria, 118.

longistyla (Savignia), 151. lymantriodes (Homospora), 391.

longulus (Spilostethus), 593. Lymire, 138, 469.

longus (Dicrurus), 374. lypusus (Dinopsyllus), 570-7.

Lopezus, 449. lysimon (Lycaena), 3.

Lophorina, 522, 523. — (Zizera), 20, 116.

Lophostola, 436, 438, 439.

Lophotes, 306, 483.

Lophozosterops, 381. macgregoriae (Amblyornis), 525.

Lophuromys, 532, 537, 542, 543, 545, 550, 554, Machaerirhynchus, 475, 498.

555, 558, 560, 565, 568, 569, 570, 572. machaon (Papilio), 13, 24, 109, 110, 157.

lorentzi (Malurus), +75, 502. Machetes, 6, 69, 186.

— (Ptilotis), 515, 516. mackayi (Tyto), 281, 282.

loreyi (Cirphis), 122. mackenziana (Cryptolopha), 537.

Loria, 524. mackloti (Dicaeum), 381.

loriae (Eupetes), 505. macklotii (Pitta), 492.

— (Loria), 524. Macrodiplax, 469.

Loriculus, 336, 488. Macroglossum, 11, 117.

Lorius, 484. Macronemurus, 452, 453.

lory (Lorius), 484. macroptera (Zilla), 151.

Lotus, 152. Macropteryx, 339, 491.

lotus (Zizyphus), 116. Macropygia, 311, 312, 329, 381, 382, 479.

louisiadensis (Nishada), 223. macrorhina (Dacela), 488.

Loxia, 293. — (Melidora), 488.

Lucasi, 107. macrorhyncha (Corone), 378.

lucasi (Julodis), 92. — (Galerida), 45.

lucidus (Erytus), 104. macrorynchos (Corvus), 378.

— (Aphodius), 104. macrourus (Caprimulgus), 382, 491.

lucifuga (Cucullia), 122. — (Cireus), 12, 63.

lucilla (Euchloé), 113. maculata (Hrolia), 482.

lucionensis (Lanius), 356. maculatus (Mecocerus), 259.

luctuatus (Physopterus), 582. — (Oriolus), 374.

luctuosus (Graphipterus), 88. maculiapex (Philydrus), 90.

— (Tachyphonus), 236, 237. maculifer (Physopterus), 262.

lugens (Aphodius), 105. maculivitella (Saluria), 138.

— (Oenanthe), 7, 8, 54. maculosus (Mecotropis), 267.

— (Saxicola), 23, 54. madaraszi (Psittacella), 487.

lugubris (Surniculus), 340, 341. magna (Tyto), 283, 284.

lunaris (Mus), 565. j magnifica (Megaloprepia), 479. i

lunata (Staria), 592. — (Paradisea), 521.

ES 9 eee eg =

magnificata (Anisozyga), 410.

magnificus (Diphyllodes), 521.

— (Falcinellus), 522.

— (Ptiloris), 522.

magnirostris (Esacus), 332.

maja (Munia), 372.

majestica (Oenochlora), 404.

major (Anisozyga), 409.

— (Anumeta), 130.

— (Endoliche), 195.

— (Erythra), 304.

—(Parus), 366, 382.

— (Thamnophilus), 227.

majorella (Anerastia), 138, 469.

majori (Myrmecaelurus), 448.

malaccensis (Passer), 371.

malacensis (Anthreptes), 368, 369.

Malacogaster, 90.

Malacyntis, 142.

malayana (Dendrobiastes), 351, 382.

— (Eudynamis), 382.

malayensis (Ictinaétus), 334.

Malcomia, 150.

Malurus, 475-502.

mamillatus (Xenocerus), 269.

manillensis (Ardea), 332.

Manoba, 224, 225.

Manucodia, 520, 521.

manyar (Ploceus), 373.

Maracanda, 455-7, 458.

margiana (Odontelia), 121.

marginata (Asura), 208.

— (Chlorochroma), 440.

— (Egadroma), 87.

— (Pyrrhorachis), 440.

marginepunctata (Prasinocyma), 428, 429.

marmorata (Ptilotis), 516.

marmoreus (Mecotropis), 267.

maroccana (Oxythespis), 605.

Marrubium, 610.

martini (Camptobrochis), 596

— (Platypterna), 610.

massaicus (Arvicanthis), 529, 550, 572.

Massoutiera, 14, 15, 31, 32.

Mathiola, 150.

maugeus (Geopelia), 330.

maura (Apopestis), 131.

— (Cicindela), 86.

Mauretania, 117.

mauretanica (Amicta), 133, 134, 153, 157.

— (Celerio), 117.

— (Euxoa), 120.

mauretanicus (Turdus), 27.

mauritanica (Ammophila), 600.

— (Crocidura), 588.

— (Psammophila), 600.

— (Stenodactylus), 78.

( 639 )

mauritanica (Tarentola), 78.

mauritanicus (Sorex), 588.

— (Turdus), 53.

maximus (Artamus), 506.

— (Centrococeyx), 321.

Mecocerculus, 243.

Mecocerus, 257-262.

Mecomischus, 161.

Mecotropis, 265-8.

Mecyna, 140.

Mecynotarsus, 94.

medicatus (Epimys), 545, 558, 572.

mediofascia (Asura), 210, 211.

— (Graptasura), 204.

mediofasciata (Illice), 199.

mediopuncta (Asura), 211.

— (Eugoa), 221, 222.

mediterraneus (Eumenes), 598.

medius (Dasymys), 537, 572.

— (Myrmecaelurus), 448.

meekiana (Coracina), 500.

meeki (Cyclopsitta), 485.

— (Edoliisoma), 501.

— (Oedistoma), 513.

— (Parotia), 475, 523.

— (Pitohui), 475, 507.

— (Pristorhampus), 475, 511.

— (Sericornis), 475, 503, 504.

— (Syma), 488.

Megacephala, 87.

megala (Baza), 305, 307, 483.

Megalestes, 496.

Megaloprepia, 479.

megalops (Anthicus), 95.

— (Mycetocharina), 97.

Megalornis, 68.

Megalurus, 361.

Meganthribus, 257, 263-5.

Megapodius, 477.

megapsis (Mecotropis), 266.

megarhyncha (Emberizoides), 238, 239.

— (Luscinia), 14, 18, 58.

— (Pinarolestes), 507.

megarhynchus (Melilestes), 513.

melaleuca (Loxia), 293.

melaleucus (Artamus), 289, 293.

Melampsalta, 465.

Melanaema, 203.

Melania, 18.

melanocephala (Sylvia), 15.

melanocephalos (Microtarsus), 359.

melanocephalus (Ailuroedus), 525.

— (Ptilinopus), 328.

Melanocharis, 511.

melanochlamys (Astur), 482.

Melanocoryphus, 594.

melanogastra (Cyrtostomus), 309.

( 640 )

melanoleuca (Muscicapula), 382. meyeri (Timeliopsis), 515.

melanoleucus (Physopterus), 582, 583. mbhorr (Gazella), 35.

melanope (Motacilla), 370, 519. Micipsa, 99.

Melanopsis, 10, 18. micipsa (Ammophila), 600.

melanoptera (Gracupica), 375. Micrelytra, 593.

Melanopyrrhus, 526, 527. Microeca, 495, 496.

Melanorhectes, 507. Microglossus, 485.

melanos (Thryothorus), 228. Microhierax, 334.

melanothorax (Cyanoderma), 361. microphylla (Thymelaea), 156.

melanotis (Ailuroedus), 525. Microtarsus, 359. ~

melanura (Agrotis), 120. microtis (Graphiurus), 537, 545, 554, 558.

— (Pachycephala), 354. microtus (Graphiurus), 574, 575.

melas (Edoliisoma), 501. militaris (Spilostethus), 593.

Melecta, 598. millierei (Dericorys), 613.

melichari (Deltocephalus), 467. Milluta, 599.

Melidora, 488. Miltochrista, 202, 214-16, 225, 226.

Melilestes, 513. miltochristaemorpha (Asura), 214.

Melipotes, 475, 515. miltochristina (Asura), 212.

Melirrhophetes, 475, 514, 515. miltochristoides (Asuridia), 202.

Melitaea, 2, 21, 24, 72, 114, 115. Milvus, 8, 11, 14, 24, 63, 183.

Melittophagus, 338. mimetica (Asura), 212.

Mellopitta, 475, 491. — (Caprimimodes), 220.

melvillensis (Artamus), 292. mimicaria (Anisozyga), 407.

— (Tyto), 282. mimikae (Ptilotis), 517, 518, 519.

menadensis (Monarcha), 493. mindanensis (Caprimulgus), 340.

menbeki (Centropus), 490. mindorensis (Mecotropis), 267.

mendica (Blepharopsis), 156, 607. —(Thriponax), 318, 320.

meninting (Alcedo), 336. miniata (Miltochrista), 202.

menthae (Mylabris), 97. — (Talara), 201.

meridionalis (Anthicus), 95. miniaticollis (Aulacoderus), 96.

— (Caprimulgus), 22, 59. minima (Omphacodes), 437.

— (Chelidon), 180. Mino, 526.

— (Hirundo), 58. minor (Calandrella), 42, 72.

Meriones, 8, 30, 144, 589, 590. — (Dicrurus), 374.

Merops, 14, 17, 25, 60, 181, 338, 339. — (Gigantothea), 431.

merula (Turdus), 27, 53. — (Lophorina), 522, 523.

merulinus (Cacomantis), 342. — (Turtur), 329.

mesites (Xenocerus), 270. minullum (Dicaeum), 367.

Mesochorus, 601. minus (Edoliisoma), 500, 501.

Mesogomphus, 468. minuta (Ardetta), 22, 65, 184.

Mesostena, 98. minutella (Baroda), 138.

Metabletus, 88. minutus (Ixobrychus), 65.

Metacineta, 415. Mirafra, 370.

metallicus (Calornis), 526. miscens (Bombylius), 464.

— (Lamprocorax), 526. mitchelli (Trichoglossus), 335, 381.

Metallochlora, 432, 433. mitis (Celerena), 394.

Metallolophia, 404. Mixocera, 433, 436, 441.

Metarctia, 187. mixta (Ptilotis), 519.

metascota (Asura), 213. modesta (Psittacella), 487.

Metasia, 141. modestus (Anthicus), 95.

Metaxanthia, 591. — (Psittacus), 487.

Metopoceras, 123. modiglianii (Macropygia), 329.

mexicanus (Geococeyx), 253. moesta (Oenanthe), 54, 72.

meyeri (Chrysococeyx), 489. — (Saxicola), 54, 72.

— (Edoliisoma), 501. moilensis (Coelopeltis), 83.

— (Euthyrhynehus), 515. — (Coluber), 83.

— (Myzomela), 513. moluccensis (Falco), 334.

( 641 )

Molybdamoeba, 463. Muscicapula, 350, 351, 382.

mombasae (Tatera), 530. muscosaria (Hypodoxa), 401.

monachus (Aegypius), 62. musculus (Mus), 590.

—(Vultur), 62, 170, 183. musgravianus (Amblyornis), 525.

Monarcha, 493. musgravii (Amblyornis), 525.

{ monilis (Ramphastos), 254. musicus (Copsychus), 365, 367.

y monostigma (Melanocoryphus), 594. musschenbroeki (Artamus), 289, 290, 291, 293.

montana (Casuarina), 326, 366, 367. mutata (Celerena), 394.

— (Edoliisoma), 500. mya (Ammomanes), 12, 14, 15, 20, 43, 72.

— (Horeites), 365, 381. myagroides (Zilla), 151.

— (Ptilotis), 518, 519. myalis (Constantia), 139.

montanum (Edoliisoma), 500. mycerini (Xenopsylla), 144.

montanus (Passer), 371. Mycetocharina, 97.

— (Pomatorhinus), 360. Mycetoporus, 89.

monteironis (Cartaletes), 395. Myelois, 135.

Monticola, 12, 53. Myiobius, 243.

moratus (Elephantulus), 587. Myiochanes, 245, 246.

morawitzi (Apterogyna), 599. Myiophoneus, 361.

Morettia, 150. Mylabris, 96, 97.

Moricandia, 151. Myotis, 29.

morio (Andrena), 598. myotis (Myotis), 29.

mossi (Colias), 187. Myrmecaelurus, 447-9, 450.

Motacilla, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 14, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, Myrmecocystus, 600.

47, 74, 84, 174, 361, 370, 519. Myrmeleon, 446.

moussieri (Diplootocus), 58, 74. Myrmotherula, 235.

mozabitica (Eublemma), 126, 127. mystacea (Macropteryx), 491.

— (Tmethis), 612. mystaceus (Cypselus), 491.

Mudaria, 469. Myzomela, 512.

Mulio, 463. mzabi (Massoutiera), 30, 31, 32.

miilleri (Edoliisoma), 500. — (Metasia), 141.

— (Rhipidura), 495.

miillerii (Carpophaga), 478.

— (Columba), 478. Nacerdes, 94.

Mulleripicus, 321. Nadal, 454.

mulsanti (Tentyria), 99. nevipennis (Solter), 450.

multeaculeata (Tachyglossus), 191. naimii (Malurus), 502.

multicolor (Callipotnia), 394. nana (Carduelis), 39.

— (Hypodoxa), 399, 400. — (Macropygia), 311, 312.

multicolora (Gerusia), 393. — (Sylvia), 2, 4, 8, 24, 26, 51, 177.

multilunatus (Thriponax), 317, 318, 319. Nanodes, 485.

multipunctata (Tyto), 283, 284. Narasodes, 224.

multispurcata (Pingasa), 397. nasidens (Chalicodoma), 598.

multistriata (Charmosynopsis), 475, 484. Nasilio, 572.

Mungos, 536. Nasiterna, 475, 486.

Munia, 371, 372, 381, 520. nasomaculata (Addax), 70.

muricolor (Utriculifera), 226. nasomaculatus (Addax), 35.

murina (Amicta), 133, 134, 153, 157. nastes (Colias), 187.

— (Amycto), 26. nasuta (Acrida), 607.

— (Crateroscelis), 501, 502. Nearcha, 389, 390.

— (Hemonia), 223. neavei (Prasinocyma), 421.

murinus (Apus), 26, 27, 59, 180. nebularia (Totanus), 69.

— (Vespertilio), 29. — (Tringa), 69. ;

Mus, 528, 565, 590. nebulosus (Onthophagus), 106.

muschenbroeki (Nanodes), 485. neglecta (Aplonis), 376.

— (Neopsittacus), 485. — (Dissoura), 332.

Muscicapa, 9, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24, 25, 48, 49, 175, — (Tarentola), 78.

296. — (Zosterops), 366, 367.

a 2

neglectum (Dicaeum), 381.

neohanoveranus (Eurystomus), 298, 303.

Neophron, 8, 14, 24, 62.

Neopipo, 246-8.

Neopsittacus, 485.

neoxena (Chelidon), 493.

Nephopteryx, 135.

Neromia, 433, 434.

nesiotes (Pachycephala), 355.

Nesoleon, 446, 447.

neurasthenicus (Creagris), 453.

Neuroleon, 451, 452.

Neurotoca, 434.

Nezara, 593.

ni (Plusia), 129.

nictata (Prasinocyma), 422.

nigerrimus (Uromastix), 79, 80.

nigra (Hydrochelidon), 69.

— (Lalage), 357.

— (Melanocharis), 511.

— (Selysiothemis), +58, 469.

nigrescens (Amicta), 134.

— (Chionaema), 193.

— (Melanorhectes), 507.

— (Pitohui), 507.

nigricauda (Tatera), 530.

nigricrissus (Eupetes), 505.

nigrifrons (Dendromys), 545, 553, 573.

nigripectus (Machaerirhynchus), 475, 498.

— (Pitohui), 506.

nigripennis (Exochomus), 91.

nigripes (Egretta), 333.

nigrirostris (Cyclarhis), 234.

— (Cyclorhis), 234.

— (Macropygia), 479.

nigrita (Myzomela), 513.

nigritergum (Ptilotis), 515.

nigritorques (Eulacestoma), 510.

nigriventris (Uromastix), 79, 80.

nigroaculeata (Zaglossus), 189, 190.

nigro-orbitalis (Poecilodryas), 475, 497.

nigropectus (Eulacestoma), 510.

nigroplagiata (Talara), 200.

nigrorufa (Zygaenosia), 205.

nilotica (Vulpes), 36.

niloticus (Loemopsylla), 530.

— (Xenopsylla), 530.

Nina, 444, 445.

Nishada, 223, 224.

nisoria (Munia), 372.

nisseni (Ammetopa), 123.

— (Melitaea), 115.

nitens (Moricandia), 151.

Nitidula, 90.

Nitraria, 11, 22, 40, 154, 158.

niveata (Chamaita), 219.

niveiceps (Chrysallactis), 194.

( 642 )

niveofasciatus (Xenocerus), 274.

niviplena (Anisozyga), 409.

nivisparsa (Anisozyga), 406.

— (Prasinocyma), 406.

nivosella (Myelois), 135.

nobiliaria (Zuleika), 131.

nobilis (Otidiphaps), 481.

— (Pingasa), 397.

noctua (Athene), 14, 27, 61.

Noctuelia, 141.

noctuella (Nomophila), 140.

noloides (Schistophleps), 218.

Nomophila, 140.

Northia, 442, 443.

nortia (Racheospila), 416.

— (Synchlora), 416.

nostradamus (Gegenes), 116.

notata (Lithostege), 132.

— (Ptilotis), 517, 518.

nouhuysi (Sericornis), 502, 503.

nouna (Teracolus), 24, 113, 149.

novaeguineae (Ardices), 278.

— (Chaetura), 475, 491.

— (Corvus), 500.

— (Melilestes), 513.

— (Paradisea), 521.

— (Philemon), 475, 513, 514.

— (Pitta), 492.

novaehollandiae (Tyto), 280-83.

nubicus (Loemopsylla), 529.

— (Pulex), 529.

— (Xenopsylla), 143, 529.

nubifera (Strepsichlora), 432.

nubigena (Xenochlorodes), 442.

nubigera (Chloridia), 119.

nubilus (Meganthribus), 265.

— (Neuroleon), 452.

Nudaria, 220,

nudatum (Traganum), 16, 148.

Numenius, 331.

numida (Cercopis), 466.

— (Eucera), 598.

— (Trieephora), 466.

numidalis (Tretopheryx), 140.

nyama (Tatera), 530.

Nyeticorax, 22, 65.

nycticorax (Nycticorax), 22, 65.

nymani (Myzomela), 512.

oberholseri (Hypothymis), 295, 296.

oberthuri (Athetis), 126.

— (Lymantria), 118.

obiensis (Xanthetis), 203.

obliquata (Chilena), 119.

obliquivitella (Tephris), 136.

obscura (Catamenia), 237, 238.

( 643 )

obscura (Emberiza), 237.

— (Spermophila), 237.

obscurum (Amphimallon), 106.

obseurus (Amphimallon), 106.

— (Hemipus), 356.

— (Ophion), 601.

obsolescens (Euchloé), 13, 112.

obsoleta (Prasinocyma), 423.

— (Xanthomima), 93.

obsoletus (Dichirotrichus), 88.

obstinata (Zosterops), 367.

obstipata (Orthonama), 132.

occidentalis (Cacatua), 335.

— (Falco), 334.

— (Melitaea), 115.

ocellatus (Podargus), 490.

Ochodaeus, 105.

ochraceorufa (Melanaema), 203.

ochreata (Eurylomia), 217.

ochrotaeniella (Heterographis), 137.

Ochthoea, 241-3.

Ochthoeca, 242, 243.

Ocnera, 100.

Ocneria, 118, 469.

ocnerioides (Asura), 211.

ocrophus (Totanus), 9, 22, 69.

— (Tringa), 69.

octofasciatus (Sphingonotus), 612.

Ocypterus, 290, 293.

Odontelia, 121.

Odontotarsus, 592.

Odozana, 196, 197.

Oecocecis, 142, 158.

oedicnemus (Burhinus), 68.

— (Oedienemus), 68.

Oedistoma, 513.

Oenanthe. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 21,

23-6, 43, 53, 54, 55, 72, 73, 179.

oenanthe (Oenanthe), 6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 17, 53, 54,

73, 179, 180.

— (Saxicola), 53, 179.

Oenochlora, 404.

Oenomys, 530, 537, 549, 550, 555, 558, 569, 572.

oenone (Chrysuronia), 248, 249.

— (Ornismya), 248.

Oenospila, 429.

officinalis (Borago), 160.

— (Scincus), 82.

ogadensis (Dictyophara), 466.

oleae (Mylabris), 97.

Olibrus, 91.

olivacea (Ochthoeca), 242.

— (Sericornis), 502.

olivaceus (Ochthoeca), 242.

— (Xenocerus), 275, 276.

olivescens (Berta), 439, 440.

olivieri (Calosoma), 87.

olivieri (Campalita), 87.

olivierii (Exoprosopa), 462.

omar (Metopoceras), 123.

Omphacodes, 437, 442.

Omphalophana, 124.

Omphax, 434,

Oncocephalus, 594.

Oncophorus, 89.

Onitis, 106.

onopordi (Julodis), 92.

Onthophagus, 106.

Onycodes, 391.

oorti (Ailuroedus), 526.

— (Clytomyias), 475, 499.

— (Sericornis), 503.

opaca (Hippolais), 21, 22, 50.

— (Hypolais), 177.

— (Potosia), 108.

opacior (Aphodius), 104.

opacus (Aphodius), 104.

Ophiographa, 390.

Ophion, 601.

ophthalmicus (Anthicus), 95.

— (Pogonotriceus), 243, 244, 245.

Opilo, 90.

Opopsitta, 485.

optatus (Cuculus), 342, 489.

opulentus (Physopterus), 262.

oraniensis (Dorylus), 600.

oratoria (Iris), 604.

orbiferana (Hemonia), 223.

orbimaculata (Anisozyga), 410.

Oreocharis, 512.

Oreosterops, 366, 378, 381, 382.

orientalis (Coracias), 298.

— (Eudynamis), 382.

— (Eurystomus), 297-303, 336.

— (Gallinula), 331.

— (Heterochaeta), 605.

— (Macropygia), 311, 312.

— (Manucodia), 520.

— (Melanopyrrhus), 526.

— (Ptilotis), 517, 518.

— (Trischallis), 222.

Oriolus, 22, 38, 168, 374, 526.

oriolus (Oriolus), 22, 38, 168, 374, 526.

ornata (Cinnyris), 368, 382.

— (Ovis), 460.

ornatimargo (Omphax), 434.

ornatula (Chroantha), 593.

ornatus (Anthicus), 95.

— (Ovis), 459.

— (Saprinus), 89.

— (Uromastix), 79.

— (Xenocerus), 269.

Ornismya, 248.

orphea (Sylvia), 22, 51.

Orthacantacris, 614.

Orthetrum, 468.

( 644 )

pallidior (Ptilinopus), 328.

pallidus (Xenopsylla), 529.

Orthomus, 87.

Orthonama, 132.

Orthorhynchus, 251.

Orthotomus, 364, 381.

Oryzaephilus, 91.

oryzivora (Munia), 372.

osgoodi (Tatera), 529.

Osmotreron, 328.

Osteodes, 132.

Ostrea, 10.

othello (Athysanus), 467.

Otidiphaps, 481.

Palpangula, 128.

palpebrosa (Gerygone), 497.

— (Zosterops), 366.

palpi (Exoprosopa), 461.

palustris (Emberiza), 41.

—(Megalurus), 361.

panayensis (Aplonis), 375-7, 381,

panchlora (Prasinocyma), 420.

pandurus (Spilostethus), 593.

Paniscus, 601.

pantherina (Atomophora), 597.

pantherinus (Mecotropis), 268.

Otocorys, 25, 26, 46, 170. Papilio, 13, 24, 109, 110, 157.

Otogyps, 62. papillosa (Reseda), 151.

Otomys, 542, 545, 548, 551, 558, 568, 572, 581. papuana (Microeca), 496.

Otus, 3, 9, 14, 25, 27, 62, 182, 285. papuanus (Astur), 475, 482.

oudrii (Ptyodactylus), 77. papuensis (Artamus), 289, 292.

ovata (Capparis), 23, 149. — (Chaetorhynchus), 527.

Ovis, 36, 459, 460. — (Coracina), 500.

oxybeles (Prasinocyma), 427. — (Geocichla), 505.

oxycentra (Prasinocyma), 428. — (Podargus), 490.

Oxychora, 406, 408, 410, 414, 432. — (Prasinocyma), 428.

oxygnathus (Myotis), 29. — (Turdus), 505.

Oxypora, 432. Paracymus, 90.

Oxythespis, 604, 605, 606. Paradigalla, 475, 523.

Oxythyrea, 108. Paradisea, 521, 522.

oyapocensis (‘Thryothorus), 228, 229, 230. paralius (Mecocerus), 259.

parameia (Miltochrista), 214.

Paraptychodes, 395, 396.

Paraxerus, 529.

pardalis (Acanthodactylus), 81.

— (Mecotropis), 266..

— (Physopterus), 263.

Pariodontis, 143.

Paronychia, 149.

Parotia, 475, 523.

parroti (Centropus), 323, 324.

Parus, 27, 47, 356, 366, 382.

parva (Mirafra), 370.

parviflora (Savignia), 151.

parvirostris (Artamus), 292.

parvula (Cacatua), 335.

parvus (Thriponax), 317, 318.

Passer, 4, 5, 8, 11, 22, 23, 26, 39, 40, 72, 154,

168, 169, 183, 371.

passerinoides (Tamarix), 156.

pauciovulata (Tamarix), 156.

pauper (Spermophila), 237.

Pauropsalta, 465.

Paussus, 88.

pavoninus (Aulacorhamphus), 259.

— (Pteroglossus), 254, 255.

— (Ramphastos), 255.

paykuli (Mylabris), 96.

pectoralis (Alcippe), 352.

pachistorhinus (Aplonis), 377.

— (Lamprocorax), 377.

Pachycare, 475, 510.

Pachycephala, 354, 355, 475, 508-10.

Pachychile, 99.

Pachydema, 107.

Pachytylus, 611.

Pachyura, 588.

Pachyuromys, 589.

pacifica (Coracias), 301.

pacificus (Eurystomus), 298, 301, 302.

Palaeopsis, 219.

Palaeopsylla, 561, 562, 563, 577.

Palaeornis, 336.

palaestinensis (Euchloé), 111.

pallasii (Alcedo), 313, 314.

pallida (Asura), 209.

— (Baza), 305, 306.

— (Hippolais), 21, 50.

— (Hypolais), 177.

— (Psittacus), 487.

— (Pyrameis), 114.

— (Spilornis), 334.

—(Upupa), 181.

pallidior (Lepus), 32, 590.

— (Metopoceras), 123.

pectoralis (Cinnyris), 368.

— (Eclectus), 487.

— (Psittacus), 487.

— (Rhinomyias), 351, 352.

— (Thriponax). 317, 319.

pedester (Epimys), 572.

Pediculus. 25.

Peganum, 154.

pelagica (Alcedo), 316.

Pelargopis. 338.

pelewensis (Artamus), 289, 293.

peltastes (Pachydema), 107.

— (Phygotoxeuma), 107.

penelope (Anas), 66.

penia (Euchloé). 113.

Pennisetum, 146.

Pentaria, 97.

Pentoden, 108.

perenopterus (Neophron), 62.

percomptaria (Hypobapta), 404.

peregrina (Schistocerca), 614.

peregrinus (Falco), 284, 285.

— (Pericrocotus), 357.

perfasciata (Eugoa), 226.

perfulva (Paraptychodes), 395.

Pericrocotus, 356, 357, 381.

Pericyma, 129.

Periploca, 159.

Periploea, 23.

peristicta (Qenospila), 429.

perlatus (Ptilinopus), 478.

perplexa (Tyto), 280, 281, 282.

perpolluta (Prasinocyma), 430.

Perrinellus, 92.

persica (Oxythespis), 605.

persicus (Merops), 25, 60, 181.

personatus (Geoffroyus), 381, 486.

perspicillata (Sericornis), 502.

pesquetii (Dasyptilus), 486.

— (Psittacus). 486.

petersi (Tyranniscus), 242.

petitaria (Hierochthonia), 435.

petrii (Stenodactylus), 76, 77.

Petromys, 576.

petrosa (Caecabis), 24, 25, 67, 185.

Phacusosia, 203.

phaeops (Gallinula), 304.

— (Numenius), 331.

Phalaena, 405.

Phantia, 466.

pharao (Saprinus), 89.

Phaselia, 133.

phasianella (Macropygia), 329, 382.

Phassodes, 278.

Philadelphus, 153.

Philemon, 475, 513, 514.

Philenora, 217.

( 645 )

philippensis (Centropus), 322.

philippinensis (Mecocerus), 258.

— (Thriponax), 318, 320.

philippinus (Lanius), 290.

— (Merops), 338, 339.

— (Ploceus), 373.

Phillixus. 104.

Philydrus, 90.

phlaeas (Chrysophanus), 116.

Phlegoenas, 480, 481.

Phloeobiopsis, 584, 585.

Phloeophilus, 261, 262.

Phloiophilus, 261, 262.

Phodilus, 335.

phoenicogramma (Prasinocyma), 427.

Phoenicophaés, 347, 381.

Phoenicopterus, 66, 184.

phoenicura (Amaurornis), 303-5, 331.

— (Ammomanes), 171.

Phoenicurus, 8, 9, 14, 20, 22, 25, 57.

phoenicurus (Amaurornis), 303.

— (Ammomanes), 4, 7, 8, 11, 16, 23, 26, 43.

— (Phoenicurus), 8, 9, 14, 20, 22, 25, 57.

phoenix (Dichorda), 437.

— (Dichordophora), 437.

phoeotis (Arvicanthis), 529.

Phonapate, 93.

Phonygammus, 520.

Phthoimaea, 143.

Phygotoxeuma, 107.

Phyllergates, 364.

Phyllopertha, 107.

Phylloscopus, 3, 5, 8, 9, 14, 15, 17, 20-22, 49,

50, 84, 175, 353, 354, 365, 382.

Physopterus, 257, 261-3, 582, 583.

Phytocoris, 596.

Phytonomus, 104.

piceola (Euthriptera), 100.

picticornis (Atomophora), 597.

picticosta (Neromia), 433.

pictipennis (Comibaena), 415.

picturata (Harpagophana}, 123.

pictus (Xenocerus), 269,

Picus, 318, 321, 348.

Pieris, 2, 3, 4, 13, 21, 24, 54, 110, 111.

pilicornis (Hyalocoris), 594.

Pimelia, 100.

Pinarolestes, 507, 508.

pineti (Bryophila), 125.

Pingasa, 131, 397.

pinon (Carpophaga), 478.

— (Columba), 478.

Pionias, 486.

Pipistrellus, 28, 586,

Pipra, 247.

Pirates, 595.

pirazzolii (Oncophorus), 89.

( 646 )

pisina (Agathia), 404. polystictica (Iris), 604.

pistaceus (Hydrous), 89. Pomatorhinus, 360, 505.

Pistacia, 25. pomiformis (Eumenes), 598.

Pithyranthus, 157. Pompilus, 600, 601.

Pitohui, 475, 506, 507. Poospiza, 238.

Pitta, 350, 492. . porphyreus (Ptilinopus), 328, 381.

plagiata (Gymnochroma), 220. postbicolor (Asura), 211.

plagifer (Phloeobiopsis), 584. postcaerulescens (Lithoprocis), 194,

plagosus (Chionaema), 193. postdivisa (Chionaema), 192.

plana (Zophosis), 98. postmarginata (Ophiographa), 390.

planipes (Paniscus), 601. postpuncta (Manoba), 225.

Plantago, 160. postrosea (Metarctia), 187.

plantaria (Omphax), 434. postrubida (Odozana), 197.

platensis (Embernagra), 238. postvitrea (Caprimima), 220.

platyacanthus (Pompilus), 600, 601. postvitreata (Asura), 209.

platycerella (Prophtasia), 138. potis (Chimaeropsylla), 581.

Platynorrhynchus, 261, 582. Potosia, 108.

Platypterna, 607-10. praecipua (Ptilotis), 515, 516.

platyzona (Xenocerus), 270. praeustus (Xylonites), 93.

Plecotus, 28. prasina (Aeolochroma), 402, 403.

Plegadis, 65. Prasinocyma, 406, 420-32, 438, 440.

plicata (Psoralea), 152. prasinus (Aulacorhynchus), 255.

Plicatula, 10. — (Pteroglossus), 255.

Ploas, 464. pratensis (Anthus), 9, 47.

Ploceella, 373. Pratincola, 14, 18, 22, 56, 57, 180, 290, 354.

Ploceus, 373. : pratincola (Glareola), 22, 68.

plorans (Euprepocnemis), 614. — (Tyto), 283.

plumbea (Ceblepyris), 500. Prepiella, 198.

— (Edoliisoma), 500. prepielloides (Callisthenia), 198, 199.

plumbeiventris (Gymnocrex), 481. Prinia, 364, 381.

— (Rallus), 481. Prioneris, 279.

plumosa (Aristida), 34, 145. Prionotheca, 100.

Plusia, 129. Pristorhampus, 475, 511.

pluto (Myzomela), 513. privata (Gelasma), 419, 420.

Podargus, 490. — (Homeosoma), 137.

poecilocercus (Empidochanes), 239-41. Probolosceles, 415.

— (Knipolegus), 240. proboscis (Exoprosopa), 461.

Foecilodryas, 475, 496, 497. Procavia, 530.

poeciloides (Anisodactylus), 87. Procrimima, 224.

poensis (Tyto), 283. Procris, 443.

Pogonotriccus, 243, 244, 245. Prodenia, 125,

Polia, 121. ‘ producta (Eupelix), 466.

poliopastalis (Constantia), 140. profesta (Pericyma), 129.

poliopse (Edoliisoma), 500. Progonodes, 417.

polioptilus (Myiochanes), 246. prolifera (Atractylis), 161.

poliosoma (Pachycephala), 509. Promasia, 142.

Polistes, 598. prominens (Laphigma), 126.

poliura (Megaloprepia), 479. Pronatestra, 122.

polluta (Chlorochroma), 430. prophata (Hypothymis), 294, 295, 296, 351.

— (Prasinocyma), 430. Prophtasia, 138.

Polophilus, 321. proximata (Metallochlora), 433.

Polycorynus, 583, 584. pruinosa (Platypterna), 610.

polydaedala (Gerusia), 392, 393. pruni (Procris), 443.

polyglotta (Hippolais), 21, 22, 50, 177. Psammodius, 105.

polyleucotes (Anisozyga), 406, 407. Psammomys, 30.

Polyphaga, 603, 604. Psammophila, 600.

polyspathus (Pompilus), 600, 601. Psammophis, 83.

Psammornis, 11, 70, 71.

Pseudhemithea, 434.

pseudobotys (Metasia), 141.

Pseudohadena, 125.

pseudojosiodes (Asura), 210.

pseudophaes (Nearcha), 390.

Pseudophotopsis, 599.

pseudosuturalis (Cymindis), 88.

Pseudoterpna, 397, 398.

Psilothrix, 90.

Psittacella, 487.

Psittacus, 483, 485-7.

Psoralea, 152.

Pteridophora, 475, 522.

Pterocles, 2, 3, 67, 185.

Pterocyanea, 66.

Pteroglossus, 227, 254, 255.

Pterostichus, 87.

Ptilinopus, 328, 381, 477, 478.

Ptilonorhynehus, 525.

Ptilopus, 478.

Ptilotis, 369, 515, 519, 522.

Ptychopoda, 133.

Ptyodactylus, 71.

pubescens (Daucus), 157.

pudentifimbria (Diplodesma), 434.

pudicus (Carpocoris), 593.

puella (Columba), 479.

— (Megaloprepia), 479.

puellus (Nesoleon), 447.

pugnax (Hemipodius), 327.

— (Machetes), 6, 69, 186.

— (Turnix), 327.

pulchella (Charmosyna), 484.

— (Charmosynopis), 484.

— (Columba), 477.

— (Utetheisa), 24, 133.

pulchellus (Ptilinopus), 477.

pulchraria (Prasinocyma), 421.

pulchripennis (Tmethis), 612.

Pulex, 529, 531, 535, 536.

pumila (Arvicanthis), 535.

— (Lucasi), 107.

pumilio (Arvicanthis), 549.

punctata (Asura), 207.

punctatissima (Asura), 207.

— (Tyto), 283, 284.

punctatus (Bombylius), 464.

— (Scaurus), 99.

— (Xenocerus), 276.

puncticollis (Scarabaeus), 106.

— (Xenocerus), 275.

punctifasciata (Chionaema), 193.

punctistriata (Caulocera), 219.

punctistrigosa (Chionaema), 225.

punctulata (Munia), 372.

— (Prasinocyma), 423.

( 647 )

pungens (Aristida), 4, 145.

pupa (Meganthribus), 265.

pura (Chilena), 119.

purpurascens (Odozana), 196.

purpurea (Ardea), 332.

purpurifera (Hypodoxa), 399.

pusillus (Cnipolegus), 240, 241.

— (Knipolegus), 239, 240.

— (Loriculus), 336.

putoni (Melanocoryphus), 594.

— (Oncocephalus), 594.

Pyenonotus, 76, 359, 382, 510.

Pygaera, 118.

pygidialis (Pentodon), 108.

Pygiopsylla, 537.

pygmaea (Lissocraspeda), 390.

— (Nasiterna), 486.

pygmaeum (Oedistoma), 513.

pyralina (Chionaema), 192, 193.

Pyrameis, 2, 3, 4, 13, 114.

pyramidum (Gerbillus), 29.

Pyrgomorpha, 613.

Pyrrhaspis, 424.

pyrrhaula (Asura), 212.

pyrrhauloides (Asura), 212.

Pyrrhocorax, 38.

pyrrhocorax (Pyrrhocorax), 38.

Pyrrhorachis, 415, 440, 441.

pyrrhuloides (Emberiza), 41.

quadrangularis (Amicta), 134.

quadrifasciata (Asura), 209.

— (Miltochrista), 214.

quaesita (Dysdamartia), 436.

Querquedula, 66,

querquedula (Anas), 6, 66.

quoyi (Cracticus), 507.

Rabinopteryx, 126.

Racheospila, 416; 417.

raddella (Eromene), 135.

radius (Euxoa), 120.

ractam (Retama), 4, 8, 152.

ragonoti (Salebria), 136.

Rallina, 331.

ralloides (Ardea), 9.

— (Ardeola), 64.

Rallus, 303, 481.

ramburiella (Eromene), 135.

ramelana (Agylla), 224,

ramesis (Xenopsylla), 144.

Ramphacyon, 338.

Ramphastos, 254, 255,

Rana, 10, 18, 84.

rapae (Pieris), 3, 110.

raphani (Pieris), 111.

rattus (Mus), 528.

rauca (Sphenoptera), 93.

Rectes, 506.

rectilineatus (Xenocerus), 269.

rectirostris (Lixus), 104,

— (Phillixus), 104.

rectius (Uromastix), 80.

redtenbacheri (Lasioderma), 93.

reducta (Anisozyga), 407.

— (Asura), 206.

Reduvius, 595,

refina (Gazella), 35.

regia (Paradisea), 521.

regis (Xenopsylla), 143.

regius (Cicinnurus), 521.

Regulus, 353.

regulus (Regulus), 353.

reichei (Bostrychopsis), 93.

reichenowi (Milvus), 183.

reinwardtii (Baza), 305, 306, 307, 483.

— (Falco), 306, 483.

— (Lophotes), 306, 483.

Reinwardtoenas, 480,

reinwardtsi (Reinwardtoenas), 480.

reiseri (Hippolais), 17,21, 22, 27, 50, 51, 177.

relaxus (Paracymus), 90.

remotata (Acidalia), 131.

remutata (Celerena), 394.

renatalis (Evergestis), 140.

reppensis (Hyperaspis), 91.

Reseda, 151.

respersa (Prasinocyma), 422.

Retama, 4, 8, 152.

reticulata (Clemensia), 202.

retrogradus (Anastoechus), 464.

rettigi (Ctenophthalmus), 545.

reversa (Prasinocyma), 424.

rex (Clytoceyx), 488, 489.

reyi (Chlorospingus), 236.

Rhabdocidaris, 10.

rhadinorhamphus (Lamprocorax), 377.

Rhagonycha, 90.

Rhagophthalmus, 90.

Rhamphocharis, 511, 512.

Rhamphocorys, 26, 41, 72.

Rhinococeyx, 347.

Rhinocoris, 595.

Rhinomyias, 351, 352, 381.

Rhinophantia, 466.

Rhipidura, 351, 381, 494.

Rhizotrogus, 4, 106.

Rhodesia, 434, 435.

rhodolaema (Anthreptes), 369.

rhodometopa (Pyrrhorachis), 441.

Rhodometra, 132.

rhodonia (Comibaena), 416.

( 648 )

rhodoseopa (Homospora), 391.

Rhogas, 601.

Rhynchocyon, 581.

Rhynchota, 592.

richardi (Anthus), 371.

richmondi (Hypothymis), 297.

ridgwayi (Thryothorus), 227, 229, 230.

ridibunda (Rana), 84.

riggenbachi (Pariodontis), 143.

rimosa (Mylabris), 97.

riordani (Tyto), 281, 282.

Riparia, 9, 14, 21, 22, 58, 180.

riparia (Riparia), 9, 14, 22, 58, 180.

rivolii (Ptilinopus), 477.

robertsoni (Melanopyrrhus), 526.

robusta (Hierochthonia), 435.

romanaria (Acidalia), 131.

romanarioides (Acidalia), 131.

roraimae (Pteroglossus), 227.

rosacea (Miltochrista), 215.

— (Odontelia), 121.

— (Pericyma), 129.

rosea (Apopestes), 131.

— (Xantholaema), 348.

roseata (Talara), 201.

roseiceps (Odozana), 196.

roseicollis (Ptilinopus), 328.

roseifimbria (Metallochlora), 432.

rosenbergi (Myzomela), 512.

roseofuliginosa (Lllice), 199.

roseogrisea (Asura), 208.

roseothorax (Diarhabdosia), 217.

roseus (Phoenicopterus), 66, 184.

rosmarus (Ctenocephalus), 528.

roszikae (Dipodillus), 29.

rothschildi (Leptopternis), 611.

— (Leucopsar), 375, 381.

— (Platypterna), 607, 610.

— (Psammornis), 11, 70, 71.

— (Solter), 450.

— (Troides), 278.

rotundatus (Graphipterus), 88.

rozeti (Elephantulus), 586, 587.

rozsikae (Dipodillus), 143, 589.

rubea (Ocneria), 118.

rubecula (Geocichla), 365.

rubescens (Arvicanthis), 530, 551, 565, 568, 569,

572.

rubetra (Pratincola), 14, 18, 22, 57, 180.

— (Saxicola), 57, 180.

rubicola (Pratincola), 14, 56, 57.

— (Saxicola), 56, 57.

rubicunda (Neopipo), 247.

rubiensis (Monarcha), 493.

—(Tchitrea), 493.

rubra (Eugerygone), 498.

— (Gerygone), 498.

( 649 )

rubralis (Aglossa), 139. sabulosa (Mudaria), 469.

rubricosa (Asura), 208. sabulosellus (Heterographis), 137.

rubrinervis (Calocoris), 596 sacer (Scarabaeus), 106.

rubripuncta (Prepiella), 198. sacra (Demiegretta), 333.

rubropunctata (Eremias), 81, 82. sacraria (Rhodometra), 132.

— (Lacerta), 81. saharae (Athene), 14, 27, 61.

ruddi (Tachyoryctes), 536. — (Burhinus), 68.

rufa (Baza), 306, 307, 308. — (Caprimulgus), 25, 26, 60, 181.

rufescens (Paniscus), 601. — (Cossus), 135.

ruficeps (Columba), 311. — (Crotalaria), 152.

— (Macropygia), 311, 312, 329, 381. — (Dyspessa), 135.

— (Pyrrhorachis), 441. — (Merops), 181.

ruficollis (Caprimulgus), 22, 59. — (Oedicnemus), 68.

— (Colymbus), 70. — (Papilio), 109.

— (Corvus), 37, 38, 72. — (Passer), 4, 5, 8, 11, 22, 23, 26, 40, 72, 154,

— (Gazella), 35. 169, 183.

— (Prasinocyma), 423. — (Paussus), 88.

ruficulmen (Prasinocyma), 430, 431. — (Scotocerea), 4, 52, 178.

rufidorsa (Ceyx), 338. saharensis (Anthicus), 95.

— (Rhipidura), 495. — (Himatismus), 99.

rufifrons (Agylla), 224. sahari (Emberiza), 24, 41, 170.

— (Xerus), 529. saharica (Maracanda), 457.

rufigaster (Carpophaga), 478. — (Rana), 10, 84.

— (Columba), 478. sahariensis (Ovis), 459, 460.

rufigula (Phlegoenas), 481. Salebria, 136.

rufinucha (Pachycephala), 508. Salicornia, 3.

rufinus (Arvicanthis), 551. salicornicum (Haloxylon), 147.

rufipennis (Centropus), 324. Salius, 600.

rufithorax (Axinotarsus), 90. salomonensis (Alcedo), 316.

rufitineta (Bryophila), 125. Salsola, 158.

— (Endoliche), 195. Salsolaceae, 4.

rufiventris (Carpophaga), 478. saltitans (Carpocarpa), 158.

— (Rhipidura), 495. Saluria, 138.

— (Stizus), 600. salvadorii (Aegotheles), 490.

rufoarenalis (Calamochrous), 140. — (Merops), 339.

rufobrunnea (Crateroscelis), 502. sambawanus (Xenocerus), 275.

rufocanus (Arvicola), 286. sancta (Haleyon), 337, 489.

rufofasciata (Manoba), 224. sanctaemartae (Myrmotherula), 235.

— (Pingasa), 398. sanctus (Haleyon), 337, 489.

rufomixta (Hypodoxa), 400. sanghirensis (Aplonis), 376.

rufomixtata (Acidalia), 131. sanguineus (Sphedanolestes), 596.

rufotineta (Asura), 214. sanguiniceps (Epicauta), 97.

rufum (Bathmisyrma), 493. sanguinicollis (KEuphutomma), 599.

rufus (Circus), 9. — (Mutilla), 599.

ruginaria (Pingasa), 397, 398. sanguinolentum (Dicaeum), 367, 368.

ruptilinea (Hypodoxa), 400. saperdoides (Xenocerus), 268.

russatus (Xenocerus), 271. Saprinus, 89,

russula (Crocidura), 588, 589. Sarcinodes, 393.

rustica (Chelidon), 6, 9, 11, 12, 14-20,25,27, 58, Sarcopsyllus, 528,

180, 352, 492. ' saturatior (Bryophila), 125.

— (Hirundo), 17, 20, 180, — (Ptilotis), 516.

rutilus (Arvicola), 286. saturatus (Cuculus), 489.

— (Eupetes), 475, 505,

— (Graphiurus), 537, 545, 554, 558, 574, 578.

sabella (Arenipses), 138. — (Machaerirhynchus), 475, 498.

sabulosa (Anumeta), 129, — (Passer), 371.

— (Kublemma), 127, 469. Saucerottia, 249, 250, 251,

( 6503)

saucerottei (Saucerottia), 249, 250, 251.

— (Trochilus), 250.

saiil (Trochilus), 250.

saularis (Copsychus), 365, 382.

Sauromarptis, 489.

Savignia, 151.

savignyi (Alastor), 602.

— (Apterogyna), 599,

saxatilis (Monticola), 12, 53.

— (Spilostethus), 593.

Saxicola, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 22-4, 53-6, 57,

72, 180, 182, 354,

sealaris (Xenocerus), 269.

seapularis (Aegithina), 358.

scapulosa (Cerocala), 130.

Searabaeus, 106.

Scarites, 87.

Scaurus, 99.

Sceliphron, 600.

schach (Lanius), 355, 356, 382.

schistacea (Hemonia), 222, 223,

-— (Procrimima), 224.

schistaceoalba (Hemonia), 223.

schistaceoplagiata (Talara), 201.

schistaceus (Melanorhectes), 507.

— (Pitohui). 507.

schistacinus (Astur), 482.

schisticeps (Edoliisoma), 500.

— (Pomatorhinus), 360.

schisticolor (Formicivora), 235.

— (Myrmotherula), 235.

Schistocerea, 614.

Schistophleps, 218.

schleglii (Pachycephala), 508.

Schmittianum, 147.

schoenherri (Eugigas), 263.

— (Zophosis), 98.

schoenobaenus (Acrocephalus), 22, 50, 76.

schokari (Coluber), 83.

— (Psammophis), 83.

schousboei (Meriones), 8, 30, 144, 590.

schweinfurthii (Haloxylon), 147.

Scincus, 82.

scintillans (Anisozyga), 406,

— (Prasinocyma), 422.

scintillatus (Chaleopsittacus), 483.

— (Psittacus), 483.

Scirpus, 146.

selaterii (Casuarius), 476,

scoparia (Deverra), 110, 115, 157.

— (Pithyranthus), 157.

Scops, 25, 182.

scops (Otus), 3, 9, 14, 27, 62, 182,

— (Scops), 182.

Scotocerca, 4, 26, 52, 178.

Seotogramma, 121.

scrofa (Sus), 37.

scutellaris (Zygia), 90.

scutellatus (Acanthodactylus), 81.

secedens (Pachycephala), 355.

seebohmi (Oenanthe), 73.

sefranus (Lepus), 590.

sefrensis (Anthicus), 96.

seitzi (Euchloé), 112.

Seleucides, 522.

seleucides (Diphyllodes), 521.

Selysiothemis, 468, 469.

semicanescens (Dichromodes), 388.

semicinctus (Mecynotarsus), 94.

semifasciatus (Thamnophilus), 227.

semiluctuosus (Xenocerus), 277.

seminivea (Anisozyga), 406.

— (Prasinocyma), 422.

semivitrea (Hutane), 216.

senator (Lanius), 9, 14-17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 48, 174.

senegalensis (Oxythespis), 604, 605, 606.

— (Streptopelia), 67, 185.

— (Turtur), 3, 7, 24, 25, 27, 76, 184, 185.

senegallus (Pterocles), 67, 185.

— (Telophonus), 76.

senegalus (Pterocles), 2.

senex (Bombylius), 465.

— (Gymnocorvus), 520,

— (Xenocerus), 275.

sepiarius (Turdinus), 360.

sepium (Orthotomus), 364, 381.

sepoides (Chalcides), 82.

sepsoides (Scincus), 82.

septempunctata (Coccinella), 91.

sepuleralis (Cacomantis), 342, 382.

sericea (Loboparadisea), 475, 523.

Sericornis, 475, 502-4.

Serinus, 27, 39.

serinus (Serinus), 39.

serpentaria (Ophiographa), 390.

serrata (Aracima), 406.

— (Omphalophana), 124.

serrator (Graphipterus), 88.

serrulatus (Dianthus), 149.

sessiliflorum (Helianthemum), 156.

Sessinia, 94,

setosa (Rhipidura), 494.

— (Tachyglossus), 191.

Severinia, 605, 606.

sexmaculata (Anisozyga), 412.

— (Anthia), 18, 88,

sexstriatus (Tachys), 87.

sharpei (Edoliisoma), 501.

— (Ptilotis), 519.

shawi (Meriones), 589, 590.

sherif (Lepus), 590.

sibilatrix (Phylloseopus), 22, 49.

sicula (Chalicodoma), 598.

sigillaria (Racheospila), 417.

( 651 )

signifera (Prasinocyma), 426. speciosus (Xenocerus), 268, 274.

siifolia (Diplotaxis), 150. speculigera (Muscicapa), 175.

Silene, 149. Spermophila, 237.

silenides (Pronatestra), 122. Sphedanolestes, 596.

similis (Eugoa), 221. Sphenocercus, 382.

— (Mecotropis), 266. Sphenoptera, 93.

— (Ptilotis), 517. sphenurus (Sphenocereus), 382.

similliforma (Eurylomia), 217. Sphingonotus, 612.

simillima (Hemonia), 223, Sphodromerus, 614.

— (Motacilla), 370. Sphodrus, 87.

— (Nudaria), 220. sphyrus (Papilio), 109.

simplex (Caenotriccus), 241. spilodera (Aethomyias), 475, 501.

— (Comostolopsis), 440. Spilornis, 334.

— (Geoffroyus), 486. _ spilosa (Mecotropis), 267.

— (Passer), 4, 5, 8, 11, 22, 23, 26, 40, 72, 154, — spilosomoides (Miltochrista), 214.

169, 183. Spilostethus, 593.

— (Phloeobiopsis), 584. spilota (Oxychora), 432.

— (Pionias), 486. spinifera (Euxoa), 120.

— (Prasinocyma), 424. spinipes (Uromastix), 80.

— (Xenocerus), 268. spinosa (Capparis), 23, 149.

simulator (Mecocerus), 260, 261. — (Zilla), 151.

sinapis (Zygaenosia), 205. spirifex (Sceliphron), 600.

sinensis (Centropus), 321-4, 342, splendidissima (Astrapia), 474, 521.

— (Illiberis), 443. splendidum (Stilbum), 600.

— (Ixobrychus), 333. Sporaeginthus, 371.

—(Polophilus), 321. squalida (Pachycephala), 510.

Siphia, 295, 351. — (Tropinota), 108.

Siphonaptera, 528. stagnatilis (Totanus), 9, 22, 69.

sitifensis (Cymindis), 88. — (Tringa), 6, 69.

sitiphoides (Aphodius), 104. stagonata (Progonodes), 417.

sloetii (Campochaera), 499. stalkeri (Zosterops), 367.

smaragdina (Gelasma), 418. Staria, 592.

sociabilis (Cardepia), 122. Stathmopolitis, 142.

Sognorus, 89. Statice, 158.

Solenoglossus, 485. Staudingeria, 136, 137.

solitaria (Ceyx), 488. - stellae (Charmosyna), 475, 485.

sollicitans (Dicaeum), 367. stellata (Anisozyga), 407.

solomonensis (Eurystomus), 298, 303. stellatarum (Macroglossum), 117.

solskyi (Ochodaeus), 105. stellifera (Anisozyga), 407.

Solter, 450. Stenodactylus, 76, 77, 78.

.. somalicus (Loemopsylla), 529. stenostona (Baza), 307.

— (Xenopsylla), 529. stenozona (Baza), 307, 308, 483.

sondaicus (Yungipicus), 380. stenura (Gallinago), 332.

sophiae (Amazilia), 250. stephani (Chalcophaps), 480.

— (Saucerottia), 249, 250, 251. Stephanophorus, 104.

— (Trochilus), 249-50. stercorea (Typhaea), 91.

sordida (Eugoa), 221. Sterna, 331.

— (Ptychopoda), 133. sticticus (Scaurus), 99.

sordidior (Eugoa), 222. stictitus (Eretes), 88.

Sorex, 588. stigmali (Maracanda), 457.

soror (Pachycephala), 508. stigmalis (Maracanda), 456, 458.

sparsilis (Syntophoderes), 583. stigmatica (Calophasia), 125,

spatzi (Caccabis), 24, 25, 67, 185. Stigmatops, 369, 381.

— (Pratincola), 57, 180. Stilbum, 600.

— (Saxicola), 57, 180. stillata (Comostolopsis), 440,

speciosa (Anisozyga), 409, Stipa, 34, 145.

— (Ardeola), 333, Stirogaster, 594, 595.

( 652 )

Stizus, 600,

stolida (Grammodes), 129.

stoliger (Cardiophorus), 92.

stonei (Ailuroedus), 526.

stonii (Ailuroedus), 526,

straminea (Imitator), 128.

streperus (Acrocephalus), 22, 50, 176.

Strepsichlora, 432.

Streptopelia, 66, 67, 76, 184, 185, 329, 330, 382.

striata (Butorides), 333.

— (Geopelia), 330.

— (Muscieapa), 22, 24, 25, 49, 175.

— (Timora), 120.

striaticollis (Micipsa), 99.

striativentris (Melanocharis), 511.

striatus (Falcinellus), 475, 522.

— (Oriolus), 526.

— (Searites), 87.

— (Xenocerus), 273.

strictus (Chrysocolaptes), 350.

stridulus (Pirates), 595.

strigata (Asura), 211.

strigatula (Asura), 209.

strigatus (Aplonis), 375, 376.

strigicosta (Prasinocyma), 423.

strigifrons (Laemocoris), 596.

strigillata (Prepiella), 198.

striolata (Emberiza), 24, 41, 170.

strioliger (Surattha), 135.

Strombus, 10.

Struthio, 70, 71.

stuhlmanni (Genetta), 582, 535.

sturmi (Gymnopleurus), 106,

Sturnopastor, 375.

styani (Hypothymis) 295,

— (Siphia), 295.

stygius (Ceratophyllus). 544.

suaveolens (Crocidura), 588.

suavis (Dyspessa), 134, 135.

subalaris (Amblyornis), 525.

subaurantia (Pachyeare), 475, 510.

subcalva (Oxythyrea), 108.

subcristata (Baza), 305, 483.

subcristatus (Lepidogenys), 306.

suberuciata (Asura), 209,

— (Miltochrista), 214.

subcyanea (Poecilodryas), 496.

subfasciata (Eugoa), 221.

subfulvida (Sarcinodes), 393.

subhyalinifascia (Zygaenosia), 205.

subliturata (Anisozyga), 415.

submixta (Gelasma), 419, 420, 422.

subobsoleta (Prasinocyma), 423.

subpurpurea (Leptoctenopsis), 392.

subrosearia (Rhodometra), 132.

subsimplex (Comostolopsis), 440.

subterosus (Philemon), 513, 514,

subtilis (Rabinopteryx), 126.

subuleti (Anthicus), 94, 95.

suffusus (Palaeopsis), 219.

sulcifer (Aulacoderus), 96.

suleifrons (Physopterus), 583.

sulphurea (Hoplia), 107.

sulphureus (Meganthribus), 263, 264.

suluensis (Thriponax), 317, 319.

sumatranus (Mecocerus), 260.

— (Physopterus), 263.

— (Rallus), 303.

sumbavensis (Geoffroyus), 381.

— (Rhipidura), 381.

— (Zosterops), 381.

superaddita (Racheospila), 416.

superba (Columba), 477.

— (Lophorina), 522.

— (Prasinoeyma), 426.

superbus (Melanocorphus), 594.

— (Ptilinopus), 477.

superciliosus (Lanius), 356.

supinus (Convolvulus), 8, 159.

supumata (Gelasma), 418.

Surattha, 135.

surinamensis (Oryzaephilus), 91.

Surniculus, 340, 341.

Sus, 37.

susana (Rana), 84.

suturalis (Xenocerus), 276.

swinhoii (Melittophagus), 338.

syenitica (Oenanthe), 43.

sylvaticus (Apodemus), 590.

— (Camponotus), 600,

Sylvia, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 20-24, 26, 51, 52,

74, 177.

Syma, 488.

symmixta (Hypothymis), 294, 296.

Synchlora, 416.

Syntophoderes, 583.

syntyche (Prasinocyma), 428.

Syria, 137.

syriaca (Albarracina), 119.

syrtalis (Constantia), 139.

Systoechus, 464,

tabarinus (Myrmecaelurus), 449.

tabidus (Cephus), 600.

— (Reduvius), 595.

— (Trachelus), 600.

Tachyglossus, 188, 189, 191.

Tachyoryetes, 529, 536, 542, 544, 548,

Tachyphonus, 236, 237.

Tachyphyle, 427.

Tachys, 87.

taeniaticeps (Athysanus), 466,

taigoor (Turnix), 327,

( 653 )

taivanus (Motacilla), 370. theklae (Galerida), 2, 4, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 171,

Talara, 200, 201. 172.

Talegallus, 476, 477. theophrastus (Teracus), 24, 25.

Tamarix, 156, 158, 596. Thereiceryx, 347, 348.

tamerlana (Colias), 187. thetydaria (Gelasma), 418.

taminata (Anisozyga), 408. Thisoicetrus, 614, 615. :

taprobana (Alcedo), 314. thomensis (Asura), 211.

tarabuli (Gerbillus), 29. threnodes (Cacomantis), 342.

Tarache, 128. threnothorax (Rhipidura), 494.

taractes (Xenopsylla), 144. 3 Thriponax, 316-21, 350.

Tarentola, 78. Thriptera, 100.

Tarucus, 24, 25, 115, 116. Thryothorus, 227-34.

Tasgius, 89. thunbergi (Motacilla), 21, 22, 24, 25, 47, 74, 84.

Tatera, 529, 530. Thymelaea, 156.

Tchitrea, 493. Tiaris, 237.

teinturiei (Hyperaspis), 91. tibialis (Platypterna), 607, 608, 610.

telescophthalmus (Arses), 494. Tiga, 349, 350.

Telophonus, 76. tigrina (Streptopelia), 329, 382.

tenacissima (Stipa), 145. tigrinus (Turtur), 329.

tenebricosa (Tyto), 283. Timeliopsis, 515. .

tenebrosa (Pachycephala), 475, 508. Timora, 120.

tenellata (Tephroclystia), 132, 133. timorensis (Lalage), 357.

tenellus (Anthicus), 95. timorlaoénsis (Baza), 305, 306.

tenggerensis (Crocopsis), 359. Tinea, 10.

— (Pyenonotus), 359, 382. Tineola, 142.

tentelare (Syma), 488. tingitanus (Corvus), 37, 38, 72, 167.

Tentyria, 99. — (Passer), 39, 40, 168, 169.

tenuifolius (Asphodelus), 147. tinnuncula (Cerchneis), 183.

tenuipes (Heterochaeta), 605. Tinnunculus, 17.

tenuis (Oxychora), 432. tinnunculus (Falco), 24, 27, 64.

— (Paraptychodes), 395, 396. tiphia (Aegithina), 358.

teophrastus (Tarucus), 115, 116. Tmethis, 612.

Tephris, 136, 469. Todopsis, 499.

Tephroclystia, 132, 133. toliensis (Xenocerus), 275.

tephrosiaria (Pingasa), 397. Tolyphus, 91.

tephrus (Xenocerus), 272. tomentosus (Atomoscelis), 597.

Teracolus, 24, 113, 149. tornifascia (Tephroclystia), 132.

teret (Lalage); 358. torquatus (Saxicola), 56, 57.

Terpna, 404. torquilla (Jynx), 9, 17, 61.

terrestris (Trugon), 480. torotoro (Syma), 488.

terricola (Scarites), 87. tortilis (Stipa), 34, 145.

terrulenta (Clytie), 128. tortricina (Lycomorphodes), 200.

tertia (Gracupica), 374, 381. tortuosa (Deverra), 157. :

testacea (Analestesa), 90. Totanus, 6, 9, 22, 69, 286, 288, 482.

— (Cistela), 90. tournevillei (Agama), 26.

— (Palaeopsis), 219. tournevillii (Agama), 78.

Testudo, 77. : Trachelus, 600.

testudo (Lophuromys), 532. Traganum, 16, 148.

Tettigonia, 465. tragelaphus (Ovis), 36, 459.

teysmanni (Cinnyris), 309, 310. transeaspica (Buchloé), 113.

thais (Lebia), 88. transfascia (Philinora), 217.

Thalassodes, 419, 421, 422, 424. transfasciata (Bugoa), 221.

Thalera, 435, 436. transversalis (Anthicus), 95.

Thallarcha, 217. traumataria (Onyeodes), 391.

Thalpomena, 611. treitschkei (Scotogramma), 121,

Thamnomys, 529, 537, 554, 558, 568, 574, 581. Treron, 328, 381, 382.

Thamnophilus, 227. Tretopheryx, 140,

triangularis (Eulocastra), 128.

Trichodesma, 160.

Trichoglossus, 335, 381, 484.

Tricholabiodes, 599.

Trichostoma, 352.

tricolor (Rhipidura), 494.

tricolorifrons (Hemistola), 438.

tridens (Asellia), 10, 28.

tridentata (Nitraria), 11, 22, 41, 154.

Triecphora, 466.

Trielis, 599.

trifasciatus (Attagenus), 91.

triflava (Celerena), 394.

trifolii (Seotogramma), 121.

trigonostigma (Dicaeum), 368.

trigrammus (Myrmecaelurus), 447.

Tringa, 6, 9, 22, 69, 331, 332, 482.

Tringoides, 186, 332.

trinotata (Molybdamoeba), 463.

triodontus (Ctenophthalmus), 545, 546, 560,

triplagiata (Illice), 200.

tripuncta (Prasinocyma), 425.

triradiata (Deverra), 157.

Trischaliis, 222.

triseriata (Anisozyga), 406.

tristis (Secaurus), 99. ~

tristissima (Munia), 520.

Trithemis, 468.

triton (Cacatua), 486.

— (Psittacus), 486.

trivialis (Anthus), 14, 20, 46, 173.

trivirgata (Cryptolopha), 354.

trivirgatus (Phylloscopus), 354, 382.

trizonata (Asura), 208.

Trochilus, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252.

trochilus (Phylloscopus), 14, 17, 20, 21, 49, 175.

Troglodytes, 364.

Troides, 278.

Tropinota, 108.

Trugon, 480.

truncata (Zygaenosia), 204.

truquii (Cicindela), 86.

tuberculata (Melania), 18.

tuberculatum (Haplophyllum), 155.

tuberculatus (Physopterus), 263.

tuberculifrons (Ochodaeus), 105.

tunetie (Lepus), 590.

turcomanie (Oxythespis), 605,

Turdinus, 360.

Turdus, 27, 53, 328, 365, 366, 381, 382, 505.

turneri (Aeolochroma), 402.

Turnix, 327.

( 654 )

Typhlopsylla, 562, 577.

typica (Cyanops), 347.

typicus (Eulabes), 377.

Tyranniscus, 242.

Tyrannula, 246.

Tyrannus, 245.

tyrrhenica (Muscicapa), 49, 175.

Tyta, 284.

tytleri (Aplonis), 377.

— (Hypothymis), 297.

Tyto, 3, 61, 280, 284.

ulceratalis (Cornifrons), 141.

ulmivora (Northia), 442,

Ulotricha, 139.

ultramarinus (Parus), 27, 47.

umbratica (Cucullia), 122.

umbratile (Trichostoma), 352.

umbratilis (Rhinomyias), 351, 352, 381.

umbrinus (Corvus), 11, 24, 25, 37, 167.

— (Oenanthe), 7.

— (Xenocerus), 275.

uncinata (Phonapate), 93.

uncta (Nearcha), 389.

undatus (Ixias), 279.

undulata (Houbara), 68.

undulatum (Heliotropium), 159.

unguiculata (Acridella), 607.

unicolor (Aurigena), 92.

— (Cnipolegus), 240.

unifascia (Asura), 207.

— (Illice), 225.

unifasciata (Defarguesi), 97.

— (Pentaria), 97.

uniformis (Oeneria), 118, 469.

unistriatus (Eremazus), 105.

univittatus (Mus), 565.

Upupa, 9, 14, 25, 61, 181.

urbica (Hirundo), 9, 14, 17, 20, 22, 25, 58, 180.

—(Chelidon), 180.

Uroloncha, 371.

Uromastix, 13, 76, 79, 80.

Urothemis, 468.

ursina (Polyphaga), 603, G04.

Usia, 463.

ussuriaria (Diplodesma), 434.

— (Hemithea), 434.

— (Lodes), 434.

Utetheisa, 24, 133.

Utriculifera, 226.

Turtur, 3, 6, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 76, 184, 185,

$29.

turtur (Streptopelia), 66, 184.

— (Turtur), 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 184,

Typhaea, 91.

vacina (Discestra), 120.

vae (Felovia), 32.

— (Massoutiera), 31.

yagabunda (Prasinoeyma), 426-7,

vagrans (Prasinocyma), 426.

vali (Ctenodactylus), 31, 32.

validus (Centrococcyx), 321.

vandepolli (Pachycephala), 355.

Varanus, 80.

variabilis (Leptaletis), 395.

— (Syria), 137.

— (Xenocerus), 270.

— (Zygaenosia), 205.

varians (Crypsirhina), 378.

variegata (Nudaria), 220.

variegatus (Mecotropis), 265, 266, 267.

— (Nesoleon), 446.

— (Numenius), 331.

variolosopunctatum (Pentodon), 108.

variolosus (Cacomantis), 489.

varius (Gallus), 327.

—(Turdus), 366, 381.

varvasi (Scaurus), 99.

velata (Alloeopage), 405.

— (Helicopage), 406.

velatus (Anthicus), 94.

vellosissima (Zaglossus), 189, 190, 191.

velox (Cuculus), 253, 254.

— (Geococeyx), 253.

velutinus (Surniculus), 340.

”__ (Xenocerus), 271.

venata (Prasinocyma), 425.

veniplaga (Anisozyga), 412.

venosa (Laphigma), 126.

venustula (Racheospila), 417.

vermicularia (Prasinocyma), 420, 421.

vernalis (Loriculus), 336.

vernans (Treron), 382.

vernicoma (Metacineta), 415.

versteri (Pristorhampus), 475, 511.

verticalis (Amizilis), 252.

— (Trochilus), 252.

veruculella (Tephris), 136.

Vespertilio, 29.

vespiformis (Metaxanthia), 591.

vestalis (Eublemma), 127.

vestimenti (Pediculus), 25.

vicina (Ptilotis), 519.

victoria (Pingasa), 398.

victoriae (Lepus), 536.

vigetus (Loemopsylla), 529.

villosa (Silene), 149,

violaceogriseus (Odozana), 197.

vipera (Cerastes), 83.

— (Coluber), 83.

virens (Brachynema), 593.

virescens (Colias), 187.

— (Gerusia), 393.

virgatus (Xenocerus), 269,

viridalbata (Rhodesia), 435.

viridaurea (Anisozyga), 406.

( 655 )

viridicoma (Hypodoxa), 401.

viridifimbria (Comibaena), 416.

viridimacula (Gerusia), 393.

viridipectus (Nasiterna), 475, 486.

viridis (Androphilus), 475, 504.

— (Bufo), 84.

— (Centropus), 324.

— (Psilothrix), 90.

virilis (Agylla), 224.

visi (Ptilotis), 516.

vitellinus (Ramphastos), 254.

vittatus (Gecinus), 348.

— (Picus), 348.

Voluccella, 463.

votiva (Prasinocyma), 428.

vulgaris (Chamaeleon), 82.

Vulpes, 36.

Vultur, 62, 170, 183.

wagleri (Aulacorhamphus), 255.

—(Aulacorhynchus), 254, 255.

— (Pteroglossus), 254, 255.

wahnesi (Gerygone), 497.

waigiouensis (Eurystomus), 303.

walambae (Epimys), 572.

wallacei (Aegotheles), 490.

— (Dicrurus), 381.

— (Mecocerus), 258, 260.

wallacii (Todopsis), 499.

warionis (Albarracina), 118, 119.

— (Bombyx), 118.

warscewiczi (Saucerottia), 249, 251.

washingtoni (Passer), 169.

westermanni (Muscicapula), 350, 382.

whitakeri (Crocidura), 588, 589.

— (Lepus), 32, 591.

whiteheadi (Collocalia), 491.

— (Mecotropis), 267, 268.

— (Meganthribus), 265,

— (Pachycephala), 355.

— (Turdus), 382.

whitei (Tyto), 280, 281, 282.

wiedemanni (Blaps), 99.

wiglesworthi (Anthreptes), 369,

wilhelminae (Aprosmictus), 487.

williami (Carpophaga), 328, 381,

winchelli (Pachycephala), 355.

Winthemi, 87.

wollastoni (Ctenocephalus), 528, 531, 532, 533.

Xanthetis, 203.

xanthodryas (Phylloscopus), 353.

xanthogenys (Machaerirhynehus), 498.

Xantholaema, 348.

xanthomelaena (Oenanthe), 54,

( 656 )

Xanthomelas, 524. zenobia (Cinnyris), 309, 310,

Xanthomima, 93. zerda (Fennecus), 29.

Xenocerus, 257, 268-77. Zilla, 151.

Xenochlorodes, 442. Zizera, 20, 116.

Xenopsylla, 143, 144, 529, 530. Zizyphus, 2, 116.

Xerus, 529. zoeae (Carpophaga), 478.

Xiphiopsylla, 538-44. — (Columba), 478.

Xyletinus, 93. zonaria (Agathia), 405.

Xylonites, 93. — (Phalaena), 405.

zonurus (Ptilinopus), 478.

Yungipicus, 380. ep opus tab:

Zophosis, 98.

Zosterops, 354, 366, 367, 381.

Zaglossus, 188-91. Zuleika, 131.

zedlitzi (Erythrospiza), 39. Zygaenosia, 204, 205.

zena (Lophuromys), 537-42, 543, 551, 554, Zygia, 90.

558, 560, 565, 572. Zygophyllum, 154.

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