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TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

WISCONSIN ACADEMY

OF

SCIENCES, ARTS, AND LETTERS

VOL. XVII, PART II

TABLE OP CONTENTS

Z,3ll1

MADISON, WISCONSIN

I9I4

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVII, PART II

Page

On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. Libellula Quadrimaculata,

Linne. William S. Marshall. With Plates LXVIII-LXXI ... 755

On the Habits of the Uca Pugnax (Smith) and U. Pugilator

(Bose). A. S. Pearse. With seven figures . . 791

A New Species of Diaptomus. Chancey Juday. With two figures 803

A List of Fungi from Kewaunee County, Wisconsin. Bernard O.

Dodge . . . . . . . . 806

A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi of Wisconsin — J. J. Davis. . 846

Preliminary Report on a Collection of Hepaticae from the Duluth-

Superior District — George H. Conklin . . . 985

Species of Pholiota and Stropharia in the Region of the Great

Lakes— Edward T. Plarper. With Plates LIX-LXVII . 1011

Wisconsin Discomycetes — B. O. Dodge . . . 1027

Social Conditions in Southern Bavaria in the Thirteenth Century,

as shown in Meier Helmbrecht — Martin H. Haertel . 1057

Development of the Vowel of the Unaccented Syllable in Italian —

Edward B. Schlatter . . . 1073

Species of Hypholoma in the Region of the Great Lakes — Edward

T. Harper. With Plates LXXXI-LXXXIV . . . . 1142

The Organization of the Colony in Certain Four-celled Coenobic

Algae — Gilbert Morgan Smith. With seven figures and Plates

LXXXV-XCI . . . . . . . 1165

The Myxomycetes of Wisconsin — Alletta F. Dean .'. . . . 1221

Some New American Water Mites — Ruth F. Marshall. With

Plates XCII-XCXIX . . . . . . 1300

The Bacteriological Control of Milk Supplies — William D. Frost.

With seven figures and Plates XCIV-XCV . . . . 1305

List of Members, Corrected to March 1, 1914. Proceedings of the

Academy, Charter, etc. . . . . 1366

\;

I

/

TRANSACTIONS

x OF THJE

WISCONSIN ACADEMY

OF

SCIENCES, ARTS, AND LETTERS

VOL. XVII, PART II, NO. i

MADISON, WISCONSIN

1914

CONTENTS

Page

On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly (With Plates LXVIXI-

LXXI) . . . William 8. Marshall, 755

On the Habits of the Uca Pugna (Smith) and U. Pugilator

(Bose) (With seven figures) . A. S, Pearse, 791

A New Species of Diaptomus (With two figures)

. Chancey Judm), 803

A List of Fungi of Kewaunee County, Wisconsin

Bernard G. Dodge, 806

The annual half-volume of the Transactions of the Wisconsin

Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters is issued in six numbers, .<

under the editorial supervision of the Secretary.

The price of this number is 25c.

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly.

755

ON THE ANATOMY OF THE DRAGONFLY. LIBELLULA

QUADRIMACULATA, LINNE.

Wm. S. Marshall.

From time to time the Odonata have been the subject of

special morphological, anatomical and embryological papers ;

some of these have dealt with the insect during its nymph al

life, others have been restricted to the imago. Among the

earlier entomologists there have been several, Dufour (8),

Burmeister (4), Bamdohr (20), Bathke (21) whose work has

been of a general nature- — later the work has been more along

the line of investigating some special problem or working on a

single organ.

The following paper does not include all the organs; or parts

of the body of LiBdlula quadrimaculata ; some of these have

been investigated both anatomically and histologically and the

results, while not giving as much of interest as anticipated,

are presented as the result of the work, however incomplete.

Head.

The vertex (fig. 1, Vt.), frontal vesicle, is, as seen anterior¬

ly (2mm x 1. 5mm), very prominent; it appears as a small

conical cap placed on the head between the antennae. Viewed

from above the vertex is seen to be a little broader than long,

it has an oval base, each end of which is drawn out to a

blunt point; at each of these ends is situated a lateral ocellus.

The curve of the base, anterior, passes to the median ocellus ;

posteriorly the margin runs nearly parallel to the compound

eyes. The anterior surface of the vertex is slightly concave.

756 'Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

Scattered over its surface are a number of slightly curved

setae.

The frons (fig, 1, Fr.), 1. 5mm in length and 4. 5mm at

its greatest width, occupies ai large, somewhat rectangular

region, extending across the front of the head. ; at either side

are the eyes above is the vertex and below it the clypeus. The

two upper corners are rounded, the lower ones acutely angled

with rounded apex. Dorsally there is a deep median depres¬

sion, in the center of this is a narrow longitudinal stripe of a

lighter color which divides the entire frons into right and left

halves. This dorsal depression gives to the frons, at either

side, an inflated appearance. Slightly curved setae are also

scattered over this region.

The clypeus (fig. 1, Cly.) is very distinctly divided into

anterior and posterior parts; the combined length (height) is

1. 5mm, the width of the posterior part is 4.5mm, of the an¬

terior portion 3.75mm. Except in the median region there is

a distinct boundary between the two parts. Each part is di¬

vided into a median and a lateral portion, the division being

most plainly seen in the posterior region where the lateral lobes

extend to the margin of the eyes. Setae, similar to those on

the other parts, are also found on the clypeus.

The occiput (fig. 4, Op.) has both a dorsal and a posterior

surface; these are not separated in any way from each other

but are formed by the bending of the occiput at the posterior

margin of the head : there is thus exposed a nearly equal sur¬

face from each of the two views. From a dorsal view the oc¬

ciput has a triangular outline ; the base is posterior and rounded,

the apex is anterior, and, wedging in between the eyes, makes

the sides of the triangle slightly concave. Posteriorly the

occiput shows a surface about equal in area to that seen from

above; it is also in this view somewhat triangular in outline,

all but the dorsal surface is convex, the base more so than the

sides. The narrow space which marks the median boundary

of the eyes connects the apex of the occiput with the posterior

margin of the vertex. The setae borne on the occiput are not

so stiff as those on the other parts already mentioned.

Marshall— On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly . 757

The genae (fig. 1, G), including that part of the epicranium

in front of the eyes, are small and barely seen from an an¬

terior view. Each is but a small piece at either side of the

clypeus and is in part hidden by the posterior clypeus and the

mouth parts.

The epicranium, besides the parts already described, ex¬

tends back of the eyes and over the posterior surface of the

head. The largest part of the surface at the back of the head

is covered with dark brown chitin; this area lies between the

occiput above and the occipital foramen below and is divided

into right and left parts which are connected by a wide bridge.

In a lateral view of the head a small piece of this part of the

epicranium is seen to lie along the posterior margin of each

eye (fig. 2, Ep.). Just where, at each side, this piece turns

inward to cover the posterior surface of the head there is,

extending from dorsal to ventral margin, a band of setae

(seen in fig. 2) ; these, for about one quarter of the distance

from the dorsal boundary, are longer than at any other place.

A lateral view of the head shows two light areas (drawn with¬

out stippling in figure 2), one near the middle, the other ven¬

tral.

The gula (fig. 3, Gu.) consists of two portions; the basal

piece 2mm wide, 1.25mm high, is somewhat rectangular in

shape; from the upper corners of this piece arise two slight¬

ly curved arms which extend up to the occipital foramen.

‘ The labrum (fig. T, Lb.) is 2.75mm x 1.20mm; it is slight¬

ly convex on the outer and concave on the inner surface, the

greatest convexity is medium near the upper margin. On the

outer surface, along the free margin, runs a strip, darker in

color than the rest and having the cuticula thicker. At the

upper corners this strip turns inward and extends nearly half¬

way to the median part of the labrum (this part is stippled

in fig. 1, Lb.). Along and near the free margin are a number

of setae; all of these are slightly curved and, in most of them,

the concavity faces the median axis of the labrum. Along

the upper surface are other curved setae, these are not so long

as the marginal ones. The labrum moves very freely on the

758 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

lower edge of the clypeus, there being at this place two hinges

formed in. part by the kbrum and in part by the clypeus.

Along that edge of the clypeus which is opposed to the labrum

are two heavy, curved rods (shown between labrum and cly¬

peus in fig. 1) and, not far from the anterior end of each of

these, there is a heavy blunt projection (fig. 5, t). Just

opposite this projection there is on the edge of the labrum a

depression, the wall of which is strengthened by a thickening

of chitin along the upper surface (fig. 5, r).

The elevation or raising of the labrum is due to two slender

pairs of muscles which can easily be seen by cutting away the

central part of the frons and clypeus; this exposes a larger

frontal and a smaller clypeal cavity. Such a preparation

(fig. 6), shows the frontal cavity to have a chitinous rool

which is prolonged into two processes, the prefrontal-anten¬

nal apodemes of Berlese (1), from the ends of which the two

pairs of muscles arise. The larger, median, pair of these

muscles converge in their course towards the base of the lab¬

rum, finally coming together to be inserted on a small median

chitinous plate at the upper margin of the labrum (fig. 1,

median, between clypeus and labrum). From the same apo¬

demes arise another pair of muscles, thinner and more lateral¬

ly situated than the first pair; they diverge slightly and, be¬

fore their insertion, become narrow tendons. (Before they

reach the labrum both pairs of muscles pass back of a slightly

curved chitionous prop (figs. 4 and 6, Ap. 2), the clypeo-pre-

frontal apodeme of Berlese. This is the enlarged inner mar¬

gin of a thin plate which separates the frontal from the

clypeal cavity (fig. 4). These two pairs of muscles are called

by Berlese “M. adductore primo et secondo del labbro su-

periore”. The median pair from their insertion on a plate

which is part of the external wall of the labrum, would raise

it. The lateral muscles do not, from their insertion, show so

clearly just what their use is; the tendons in which they end

run for a short distance along the wall of the buccal

cavity and are finally inserted so near the outer ends of this

upper margin of the labrum that it is hard to distinguish the

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly.

759

difference between the two walls, external and internal, at

their point of insertion. They probably help to elevate the

upper lip. ; ;

Buccal cavity. A view of the inner surface of the labruni

show's, along and near its free outer margin, a number of long,

slightly curved setae. Around the entire free margin there is

a wide band, darker than the rest of the surface but which

shows in section, no perceptible difference in the thickness of

the cuticula. In the central region, wFere the sense pits are

situated, the chitin is both darker and thicker ; where the

epipharyngeal muscle is attached it is darker but not thicker^

There are also on the inner surface four groups of setae ; two5

of theses are more centrally located, the other two groups are

near the lateral margins (fig. 7). The setae comprising the

more centrally located groups are longer than the others. In

the central region there are a number of sensory plates; these

are small, dark areas of the cuticula, of varying size and per¬

forated with small circular openings. The number of openings

in each plate varies from one to thirteen; the greater number

of openings in the larger plates give to them a sive-like appear¬

ance.

Hear the center of the roof of the mouth, close to the upper,

attached margin of the labrum, are two heavy, dark projec¬

tions of the chitin; these are covered with many stiff setae

which gives to them a brush-like appearance (figs. 7, c and 8,c).

From near the base of each brush there is a stiff, slightly

curved chitinous rod which forms in part the inner margin

of the labrum. These rods act as supports for the labrum and,

near their outer ends, are found the hinges upon which it ar¬

ticulates. A little to the side from the apex of each brush

there is a group of sensory pits. The layer of hypodermis

which lies next to the cuticula shows but a slight variation in

thickness; in the more central part the cells contain a great

many black pigment granules.

The hypopharynx is very large and leaves but little space

underneath between it and the labium. Along its margin there

are many setae, these are longer on the lower than on the

760 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

lateral margins. Over the upper surface are a number of

slightly curved setae which exceed in length those on cor¬

responding parts of the epipharynx. The entire basal part

of the hypopharynx is borne on a chitinous prop which arches

up over the reservoirs of the salivary glands. At the inner

margin of the hypopharynx, just at the opening into the pha¬

rynx, there is a transverse plate of thickened chitin (fig. 7, Ph.

pi.) which, in a sagittal section shows as a tooth (fig. 8, Ph.

pi.) ; this is used to hold open the entrance into the aliment¬

ary canal, there being at this region a dorso-ventral compres¬

sion. Directly in front of this opening the cuticular layer is,

on both roof and floor, slightly thicker than over the rest of

the surface ; the cuticula here is transparent and slightly rugose.

Excepting those parts mentioned the cuticular lining of the

mouth shows but slight variations in thickness although over

the floor it is a little thinner than on the roof.

Alimenteky Caxal.

General (fig. 9). At its commencement the oesophagus is

a narrow tube which changes but little in diameter through

the head and cervical region. It at first passes upwards and

forwards (the latter direction is but slight and assumes the

head to be in a deflexed position), the slight forward direc¬

tion soon changes and the oesophagus gradually turns back¬

ward to pass under the supra-oesophageal ganglion. Just be¬

fore passing out of the head through the occipital foramen it

assumes a position which is parallel to the longitudinal axis

of the insect’s body; this position relative to the body it re¬

tains to the anal opening. The anterior portion of the oeso¬

phagus is the thinnest part of the alimentary canal. Just

after leaving the cervical region the oesophagus commences to

increase in diameter, this increase continues through the pro¬

thorax and becomes greater at the anterior end of the meso-

thorax. At the beginning of the mesothorax this increase in

diameter appears, from a dorsal view, to be very gradual;

from a lateral view the change is seen to be an abrupt one. In

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. 761

this region the dorsal wall of the oesophagus remains nearly

level, the ventral wall however falls suddenly away from the

dorsal causing the abrupt enlargement.

The crop, beginning in the middle of the metathorax, ex¬

tends through the first, second and the anterior half of the

third abdominal segments; at its posterior end it decreases

slightly in diameter. The thickest part of the crop is in the

first and second abdominal segments and exceeds in diameter

any other portion of the alimentary canal. At its posterior

end the fore-intestine decreases in diameter and, when seen

externally, passes over into the mid-intestine as the end of

one tube pushed into another and slightly larger one. The

boundaries between the different regions of the fore-intestine

must be more or less assumed as there are no external markings

or changes which separate one part from another. The same

is true from a study of the structure of the wall.

The mid-intestine starts near the middle of the third ab¬

dominal segment; its diameter does not change within the

fourth and fifth segments except^ that, at the posterior end of

the latter segment, there is a gradual decrease in size. In de¬

fining the position of the boundary between the fore- and mid¬

intestines one must bear in mind that the presence of the

oesophageal valve which is pushed into this region of the ali¬

mentary canal, makes this boundary a little different in ex¬

ternal view to what it is really found to be in longitudinal sec¬

tion. We take here, however, the anterior end of the mid-

intestine as seen in external view and find that this boundary

lies within the third abdominal segment. In some specimens

it is well toward the boundary between the third and second

segment, in others near or at the boundary between the third

and fourth. In the fourth and fifth segments and also in

a small part of the third, the mid-intestine is covered with

transverse folds, each fold appearing as a ridge passing around

the intestine. The folds have sinuous boundaries and are

fairly regular. From a surface view many of these folds can

be traced from side to side across the intestine; when closely

studied and any one fold is carefully followed it is found that

762 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

in nearly every instance each fold ends or branches before the

circumference of the intestine is completed. For a distance of

1mm from its anterior end the mid-intestine is smooth; near

the middle of the seventh abdominal segment the plicated ap¬

pearance ceases, leaving the posterior 2mm, with a smooth ex¬

ternal surface. The Malpighian tubules are inserted just be¬

hind the middie of the seventh segment. The posterior end

of the mid-intestine is generally in the seventh segment, a

few specimens were found in which it was in the extreme an¬

terior part of the eighth segment.

The ileum, the first division of the hind-intestine, extends

through most of the posterior half of the seventh segment, all

of the eighth segment and a little into the ninth. On the poste¬

rior portion there is the appearance of longitudinal folding.

In the anterior part of the ninth segment the ileum passes

into the rectum, this latter section of the alimentary canal

does not vary in thickness throughout its length.

The alimentary tract of Libellula 4-maculata passes straight

through its body excepting a small part of the head ; the length

of the body in a number of speeiments will show slight varia¬

tions and a difference in the length of the intestine is also no¬

ticed. In measuring some alcoholic specimens it was found

that the average length of the males was greater than the fe¬

males ; ten specimens of each sex were then measured, ex¬

clusive of the genital claspers, etc, with the result that the

average length of the males was 41.65mm, of the females

39.90mm. The different divisions of the alimentary canal av¬

eraged as follows: fore-intestine, male 20.5mm, female

1 7.5mm, mid-intestine; male 12.5mm, female 14mm;

hind-intestine; male 7.7mm, female 6.5mm. The males have

the longer fore-and hind-intestine, the females the longer mid-

intestine. The total of the parts of the alimentary tract is

a little less than the length of the body. The curved portion

of the oesophagus is slightly less than the distance to the front

of the head and it is also impossible to accurately measure in

rough dissections the length of this same curved part.

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. 763

Pharynx. The pharynx is somewhat flattened dorso-ven-

trally. Its cuticnlar lining is thick and varies in different

specimens from an entirely colorless layer to one in which the

outer part is brown; in all specimens the pharyngeal plate

is darkly colored. This plate (fig. 10, Ph. pi.) extends trans¬

versely across the floor of the pharynx near its posterior boun¬

dary; in a longitudinal section of the pharynx it has the ap¬

pearance of a forwardly directed tooth (figs. 8 and 11, Ph.

ph). Forming the ventral wall there are besides the cuticu-

lar and hypodermal layers, a few circular muscles. Dor sally

the cells of the hypodermis are longer than those of the op¬

posite surface and there is, above the hypodermis, some gland¬

ular tissue; this is followed by longitudinal and oblique mus¬

cles and above these a circular layer. In the posterior part

of the pharynx there are small muscles arising on its dorsal

wall and passing to the clypeus. Just posterior to the pharyn¬

geal plate there is a depression in the ventral wall, a little

back of this the circular muscles increase in thickness and the

lumen of the alimentary canal decreases in size: at this point

might be placed the boundary between the pharynx and the

oesophagus. The cuticular lining of the pharynx is covered

with numerous small, blunt projections.

The glands lying at the roof of the pharynx (fig. I'l, Gl.)

show a fairly continuous layer just above the hypodermis.

In a longitudinal section through the pharynx a number of

pieces of different sizes are seen ; the largest of these lie paral¬

lel to the roof of the pahrynx and are seldom more than two

or three cells in thickness (fig. 12). Each gland-cell contains

a rounded nucleus and often shows one or more vacuoles in the

cytoplasm.

Oesophagus. The oesophagus is narrower at its beginning

than the pharynx; it changes but little in diameter until, at

the beginning of the mesothorax, the sudden enlargement takes

place which was mentioned in the general account of the ali¬

mentary tract. A study of transverse sections shows that in

its most anterior part it is similar in structure to the pharynx ;

the five large folds found in the latter region change to six or

764 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

eight, the medium dorsal fold is still larger than any of the

others. Between these large folds there are still many small

irregular ones. At the middle of the cervical region a change

takes place ; the large median dorsal fold persists and at either

side of this there are two or three narrow ones ventrally di¬

rected. On the ventral wall are a number of small folds (fig.

13). Further hack in the cervical region the folding again

changes and one could not, in this region, determine in a trans¬

verse section, which part was dorsal: the median dorsal fold

is still present hut no larger than the others. Throughout

this and other parts of the fore-intestine the cuticular layer

is covered wih small blunt processes (fig. 14) ; similar ones

were noted as present in the pharynx.

In the middle of the prothorax the oesophagus enlarges;

the walls remain of the same thickness but, owing to the in¬

crease in diameter, the folds do not come so close together.

Towards the posterior end of the prothorax the large folds dis¬

appear and their place is taken by a number of small ones.

As the oesophagus enters the mesothorax there is, 4.25mm

from its commencement, the sudden increase in its diameter,

due to the abrupt fall in its ventral wall. At the beginning

of this enlarged part the folds are smaller and most of them

are restricted to the dorsal wall. At this region the wall of

tthe oesophagus becomes thinner, due to a decrease in the layer

of circular muscles (fig. 15) which are not so thick here as in

the most anterior region. From this place to the gizzard the

muscular layers are scarcely noticeable.

Gizzard. If a specimen of Libellula with an empty crop be

examined the plates of the gizzard can be seen through the thin

wall protruding, apparently, from the anterior end of the

mid-intestine forward into the crop. One is unable to notice

any boundary between the crop and the gizzard. If the in¬

testine at this region be cut longitudinally into halves a view

of the interior will show the true position of the plates and

it will then be seen that they have no connection with the mid¬

intestine (fig. 16). Taking for the limits of the gizzard a

point slightly anterior to the plates and, posteriorly, where the

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. 765

fore-and mid-intestines join, it can be seen that' the wall of

the fore-intestine shows no external difference between the crop

and the gizzard ; the presence of the plates alone indicating the

latter. The thin transparent wall of both crop and gizzard

has, in the latter, a thicker muscular layer; this cannot be

noticed in an external view.

Calvert (6) found a variation in the position of the gizzard

in individuals of the same species. In Hetaerina americana

the gizzard was in the fourth, fifth or sixth abdominal seg¬

ments and in Archilestes grandis it varied in position from

the fourth to the sixth segment. In Lib'ellula d-maculata there

is a slight variation but the gizzard is always in the second,

third and fourth segments. It cannot be described as situated

exclusively in the third segment as, in many examples, it ex¬

tends forward into the second or back into the fourth. If

there be any sexual difference it is that in male specimens the

gizzard more frequently extends forward into the second seg¬

ment while there are some females, in which it extends back

into the fourth. Calvert (6) found in Hetaerina americana

four folds in the gizzard, each covered with minute teeth ;

there were no large teeth present and no intermediate tooth¬

bearing folds. Ris (22) mentions that in Lihellula the teeth

are much reduced and, while he does not figure any species

of the genus, his drawing of the gizzard of Cordula aenea is

very similar to what is found in Libellula J^-maculata.

In this latter dragonfly there are four large folds and along

each of these there is a long, narrow, longitudinal plate (fig.

17). From a surface view these plates appear of a dark brown

color and, in transverse section, it is seen that the chitin form¬

ing the plates is not only much darker but also thicker than

the chitin lining any other part of the gizzard. Each plate

is shaped a little like the head of a spear with the point directed

backward; the anterior end does not have a distinct boundary

but gradually .becomes lost in the surrounding light colored

cuticula. The edges of the plates, especially the posterior half,

are very irregular. The small cuticular projections present

over the surface of the pharynx and oesophagus are not so

766 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

abundant in the gizzard although a few can he seen scattered

over the entire surface. An exception to this is the posterior

half of each plate and a little to each side where the projec¬

tions are very numerous and form a rectangular area (fig. 18)

and the spaces between are almost free from the projections.

Examining a series of transverse sections through the giz¬

zard, and restricting what we have to say to that portion bear¬

ing the plates, a great difference is noted in the folding of the

wall in different parts. In the anterior end those portions of

the wall bearing the plates extend but a little, if any, into

the lumen of the intestine and are hardly noticeable as folds

(fig. 19). Passing back the four plate-bearing folds are seen

to extend further and further towards the center of the section

until, near the posterior end, the plates nearly touch (fig. 20).

During this change in the four primary folds the smaller ones

between them have also increased in size.

The microscopical structure of the wall of the gizzard is very

similar throughout. Sections through the plates show the

cuticular layer to be dark and thick, between the plates it is

thinner and colorless. In the posterior region, where the four

folds are well developed, there is generally a space between the

layer of circular muscles and the hypodermis (fig. 21) but this

may be due to the separation of the layers in the preserving

fluid.

Mid-intestine. This region of the alimentary canal extends

from the third to the seventh abdominal segment. In external

view there is a very noticeable annulated appearance, due to

the alternating ridges and depressions which from any one

view, extend across the intestine. Such an appearance occurs

over the entire section of the alimentary canal except for a

short distance at either end. For 2mm from the posterior

end the surface is smooth; at the anterior end about 1mm of

the intestine appears smooth externally, but longitudinal sec¬

tions show even this part to be slightly annulated (fig. 22)

These folds do not all show a regularity in making a complete

circumference of the intestine or in the distance separating

them from each other. When, under a strong dissecting lens,

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly.

767

the folds are followed around the intestine it is seen that, be¬

fore making the entire circumference, nearly all of them either

come to a sudden end or branch. At the anterior end the

folds are smallest and are continued over that portion of the

mid-intestine which takes part in the formation of the’ oeso¬

phageal valve (fig. 22). Over most of the mid-intestine, ex¬

cept at either end, there is often a smaller secondary fold on

the apex of the primary ones (fig. 23).

Throughout the entire extent of this region of the alimentary

tract there are, except in the nidi, no great histological dif¬

ferences ; the size and form of the cells change on account of

the folding of the wall. There is but a slight development of

the circular and longitudinal muscular layers. The epithelial

cells are long and narrow (fig. 24), becoming shortest at the

regions of the secondary folds. The striated layer, rhabdorium,

is present; at some places it contained a number of vacuoles

but, as the dragonflies were taken at a period of inactivity, but

few of the peculiar appearances due to secretory activity were

seen.

Over the entire mid-intestine nests of cells, nidi, are very

noticeable (fig. 25) and are remarkable for their great abund¬

ance. The structure here is very similar to what has been

described in the dragonfly nypmph, Sadones (24), Needham

(14). All the dragonflies studied were caught during a day or

two of unusually cold weather and had all been without food

for some time; this tended to retard the secretory activities

of the digestive tract. Specimens dissected showed the entire

fore-intestine empty and in a large majority the same condition

prevailed in the anterior part of the mid-intestine. Needham

(14) found that within about an hour after feeding the discharge

of the cells in the anterior part of the mid-intestine commenced,

to be followed a little later by the more posteriorly situated

cells. The adult dragonfly, as well as the nymph, is a great

feeder and the conditions relative to this discharge would be

as apt to occur in the former as in the latter stage.

Hind-intestine. A dorsal view of the ileum shows an i ir¬

regular longitudinal folding of the w.all, extending from end

768 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

to end; at its anterior end each fold has a narrow beginning

and is fairly straight for a distance of lmm, it then widens,

becomes irregular and shows a great many indentations and

transverse folds. The ileum at its posterior end becomes nar¬

row and here the folds end. An examination of the entire

surface shows that there are six of these apparent folds.

A study of transverse sections through this region shows

that these apparent folds are in reality due to an equal num¬

ber of internal folds. Where each internal fold sinks in from

the wall it makes, on the external surface, a distinct, irregular

furrow; these furrows appear dark from an external view and

give the appearance of external folding to the regions be¬

tween them. The relation of the apparent external and real

internal folding is best understood hv a comparison of the sur¬

face view of the ileum (fig. 26) with a section through the

same region (fig. 28).

Faussek (10) found in the nymph of Aeschna that in the

hind-intestine there were two different kinds of cells. He says :

“Die ganze oberfiache des Diinndarmes namlich ist mit einem

Epithel bedeckt, das nicht, wie gewohnlich, gleichartig ist,

sondern zwei, der Grbsse und deni Charakter seiner Zellen nachr

scharf sich unterscheidende Formen zeigt. In der Vertheilung

derselben is gar keine Regelmassigkeit zu bemerken; sie sind

Stellenweise auf der Wand cles Diinndarmes zerstreut, und

wechseln mit einander ab”. He then speaks of the large cells

with the large nuclei in contrast to the smaller ones. While

this description from Faussek is in part true here there are

some difference between the Aeschna nymph and the imago

of Libellula Jrmaculata. In the latter the large cells are en¬

tirely restricted to the ileum and confined there to three places.

When one examines the ileum after it has been cut open, stained

and mounted with the inner surface uppermost, the three

areas to which the large cells are confined can be distinguished

by the size of the cells and of their nuclei. It is seen that

there is a large area of these cells near the anterior end of the-

ileum and two small areas lying near the posterior end.

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. 769

A study of a series of transverse sections through the ileum

shows that very near the anterior end these large cells, as al¬

ready stated, first appear in a large area which is ventral in

position. In most parts of the ileum the epithelial layer is

thrown into six longitudinal folds which, in a few sections, are

quite large ; this area of large cells does not show any such

folding hut lies parallel to the layer of circular muscles (fig.

27, stippled part) and occupies the place of one of the folds,

there being, as shown in the figure, this area and five folds..

This arrangement continues for some distance, then the area

of large cells ceases and its place is taken by a fold, the sixth,

corresponding to the other five. Posterior to this come the

other two areas of large cells, lateral, but a little ventral in

position ; these do not occupy so definite a region as the single

large area but each one is in reality a part of the regular

folds (fig. 28, stippled part). This arrangement continues un¬

til the ileum decreases in diameter near its posterior end.

At the anterior end of the ileum the longitudinal folds

begin very abruptly and there is, but for1 a short distance

however, a greater number of circular muscles than at other

parts. The folds are at first not very large ; they then increase

in size and, in the last third or half of the ileum, become still

larger and so remain until, near its posterior end, the ileum

decreases in diameter. In this last region the folds nearly

touch, making the lumen small and very irregular in trans¬

verse section. Hear its posterior end the ileum becomes nar¬

row and at the beginning of this narrow region the longitudinal

folds end. This narrow portion forms only a small part of

the entire length of the ileum but in appearance is quite dis-

distinct; viewed from the surface this region appears like a

collar around the hind-intestine; it has a peculiar, somewhat

inflated, appearance or, often there are several small, rather

irregular swellings. In this same region there were often

found other swellings of various sizes, irregular in position ex¬

cept that they were always located in the same part; these

were due to abnormal, parasitic, growths.

770 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

Sections through this narrow part of the ileum show the

wall to he folded and that the folds may nearly close the

lumen. A longitudinal section (fig. 29) shows the folds to be

more numerous in the posterior part. At two different places

there is a larger number of circular muscles than usual (fig.

29, cm). The more anterior of these two groups of muscles

is the larger and would, in contraction, close the opening be¬

tween the ileum and the rectum ; the more . posteriorly sit¬

uated group would have the same action.

The large cells mentioned as occupying three areas in the

ileum are not sharply marked off from the regular epithelium

but the one kind passes gradually into the other. The smaller

regular epithelial cells (fig. 30) show no peculiarities ; the cy¬

toplasm is slightly vacuolated and longitudinal striae were

noticeable in the cells. In the large cells (fig. 31) this stri-

ation, (Sadones, 24), was more apparent; in them the nucleus

was large and irregular and it generally showed a massing of the

contents in that half nearest the lumen of the ileum. As

Faussek (10) says, so great a difference in the structure of the

cells must signify some physiological difference and a cytolog-

ical study of the ileum during different periods of nutritive

and other activities would no doubt lead to interesting results.

The presence of these large cells in the ileum has been ob¬

served in other insects.

The rectum, 2mm in length, extends through the posterior

half of the ninth and the tenth segment. Except for a short

distance at either end, where it is slightly narrower, it is

straight and of equal diameter throughout. In external view

the rectal glands are seen to occupy nearly all the surface,

they appear as six wide longitudinal areas with narrow, darker

space's between. The difference between the two parts, rec¬

tal glands and intermediate space, does not show as plainly

as in most insects, as here the latter spaces are nearly covered

by the rectal muscles and thus in part hidden. The six rectal

glands begin near the anterior end of the rectum and continue

to within a short distance of the anal opening (fig. 26, Rt.).

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. 771

A transverse section of the rectum shows that the glands

are well marked off from the spaces between them. The glands

themselves are composed of long columnar cells, varying in

length in different parts. Those along and near the margins of

the glands are shorter than the more centrally located ones.

The nuclei of these cells are elongated with rounded ends and

each lies near the center of the cell to which it belongs, Hear

the base of these cells and just within the basal membrane

there is an irregular row of the nuclei ; these are large and more

spherical than the regular ones. The cuticular layer cover¬

ing the rectum, is rather thick and the regular muscular layers

are not well developed. In transverse section that part of the

wall situated between the glands is folded and the epithelial

cells, as contrasted to those of the glands, are very much re¬

duced in size. Just anterior to the anus the rectal glands cease

and the entire wall of the hind-intestine becomes very thin.

There are a number of small muscles found on the rectum;

these are easily seen in a dissected specimen to pass in part

from the rectum to the wall of the body. A transverse sec¬

tion through the posterior half of the rectum shows that these

muscles are attached to the narrow spaces between the rectal

glands (SadoneS', 24). From each of these spaces there is, in

the posterior part of the ninth segment, a group of from two

to four muscles which pass to the wall of the body at the an¬

terior part of the tenth segment; the two most dorsal groups

are larger than the others. Ventral and also somewhat lateral

there are at either side two or three small muscles which, leav¬

ing the rectum, also between the rectal glands, pass forward

to the body wall at the side of and on the anterior end of the

ninth segment ; here they have a common point of insertion.

Salivaky G-lands.

The salivary glands of the Odonata received but little at¬

tention until the appearance of the paper by Bordas (3), in

this work these glands were described for a number of different

species of dragon flies. The first special work on the subject

772 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

to which any reference can be found is by Roletajew (19) who

describes the salivary glands as paired, oval, acinose glands sit¬

uated in the prothorax near the first thoracic ganglion. Small

ducts in each gland lead into the larger ones nntil there is

finally a large duct whiqh empties into a reservoir. “Ein jeder

Speichelgang erweitert sich am vorderen Ende zu einem Speich-

elsack oder Reservoir’7. There is a short duct from each res¬

ervoir, the two joining to open by a single outlet near the base

of the hypopharynx on its under surface.

In Libellula Jf-maculata the salivary glands are situated, as

in other dragonflies, in the prothorax ; there is but a single pair,

and these lie at either side of and generally a little ventral to

the oesophagus. In some specimens the glands extend back

a short distance into the mesothorax. Each gland has a slight¬

ly bilobed appearance and is, in part, divided into an anterior

and a posterior portion (fig. 32). A duct leaves the anterior

margin of each gland ; it runs forward through the cervical

region and, upon entering the head, turns ventrad and takes

a slightly posterior direction until it reaches the reservoir, which

lies at the base of the hypopharynx, one end of which it en¬

ters. From the other end of each reservoir a short duct passes

towards the floor of the buccal cavity; these two short ducts,

each .28mm long, unite before emptying into the buccal cav¬

ity. The duct, both upon entering and leaving the reservoir,

is of the same structure, it is in each instance covered for a'

short distance by a prolongation of the wall of the reservoir;

this covering gradually decreases in thickness (fig. 33).

Each salivary gland of Libellula J^-maculata is flattened and

irregular in shape, broad distally but pointed at the anterior

end from which the duct leaves. Each gland is composed of

a number of small lobes which are in turn made up of many

smaller acini. Within and near the center of each acinus is

a small collecting duct which runs between the cells. These

ducts unite with others in the small lobes; the ducts from the

lobes unite with or empty into those from other lobes until

all finally assemble in the large duct which leaves the anterior

end of each gland. Each acinus is composed of a number of

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. 773

uninuclear -cells, the boundaries of which are difficult to dis¬

tinguish (fig. 34).

Many of the acini look as if they were hollow, the central

part containing a secretion. This appearance is due to the

difference in structure in different parts of the cells. In the

basal half or two-thirds of each cell (the nucleus is always with¬

in this part) the cytoplasm stains readily; in contrast to this

the outer half or one-third of each cell did not stain very dark

with haematoxylin. In the acini this darker-staining basal

portion appeared as the wall and the lighter part as the cen¬

tral cavity. Upon closer examination one can see both these-

parts belong to the cells and that the portion in which the

stain was not so effective was dne to the accumulation of se¬

cretion in the outer half or third of the cell.

Both Poletaew (19) and Bor das (3) speak of the swollen

parts of the ducts situated on the base of the hypopharynx as

the reservoirs. Bordas (2) in his first paper does not use this

word but calls them “glandes buccales”. Poletaiew (19) in

the quotation we have already given at the beginning of the ac¬

count of the salivary glands, used the word reservoir; he de¬

scribes the peculiar external appearance of the reservoirs as due

to the euticular layer and says : “die an ein netzformiges Zel-

lengeflecht aus dem Gewebe einiger Blatter erinnert.” In plate

1, figure 5, he shows the reservoirs of a species of Lestes, the

markings on which, as he gives it, resemble the shingles on a

house, the shingles having rounded, exposed ends. Bordas (3)

figures the reservoirs in three species of dragonflies ; Agrion

minium ■, Corduleg aster annulatus and Cordulina aenea. All of

these appear very similar to what has been found in Libellula

4-maculata. Bordas gives enlarged views of a part of a res¬

ervoir of Anax formosa , both from the surface and in section.

In his surface view the cells are shown with a polygonal outline,

in section the wall is shown to be equally thick throughout

and without the large protrusions so noticeable in the species

here described. Berlese (1) in his text-book figures three cells,

in section, from the reservoir of a species of Diplax and labels

774 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters .

the figure as a portion of the wall of the salivary gland near

the mouth.

The two reservoirs of the salivary glands of Libellula f-

maculata are found on the basal part of the hypopharynax (fig.

32). Each receives a duct from one of the salivary glands,

each duct where it enters the reservoir is much thicker than

at other parts ; this thickness is due to the wall of the reservoir

extending for a short distance out over the duct and forming

a second wall much thicker than the real one (fig. 33). From

the more rounded basal part of each reservoir a short duct

leads off, these two ducts soon unite to form a common one

(fig. 35) which opens at the base of the hypopharynx.

The wall of the reservoir is peculiar in structure and, at

first view, one is apt to consider it as composed of two layers

of cells ; one, the inner, protruding beyond the other. A surface

view of the inner surface (fig. 36) shows a number of separ¬

ated cells having no connection with each other until the focus

is dropped and then the outer portion of the wall comes into

view. In many of the specimens examined these cells, from

this inner surface view, showed an irregular or scalloped mar¬

gin; whether this is due to shrinkage I am unable to say as

all the specimens studied were from preserved material. A sec¬

tion of the wall (fig. 37) shows that the outer half or third

is entirely continuous and regular and that the inner part is

composed of wide prolongations which give to the wall a pa¬

pillate appearance. These protruded parts make up the larger

part of the wall. Ho cell boundaries can be seen at any part

but one would expect to find them dividing the protruded parts

from each other or where the wall is thinnest; this is the

way they have been figured by Berlese (1, Fig. 584, B, II).

Over the inner surface of the leservoir the cuticula is quite

thick but lacks the taenidial structure that is present in the

ducts.

A study of the reservoirs, both in surface view and in sec¬

tions, fails to convince me as to the true nature of the nuclei of

the cells. In both these views very many cells are found that

have all the appearance of being binucleate. In nearly every

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. 775

instance where this appearance was noted the adjacent walls

of the apparent nuclei touched. Often in surface view a sup¬

posedly binucleate cell could he seen by careful focussing to

give a view in which these two apparent nuclei were connected.

In many sections nuclei were seen of a greatly bent horse-shoe

shape, the two prongs of the shoe being short and projecting to¬

wards the outer wall of the reservoir. The nuclei always lie

in the large projections but may extend out into the other part

of the wall. It appears that each cell really has but a single

nucleus but that it is generally very much bent.

While these two enlargements at the end of the ducts have

been called the reservoirs of the salivary glands, and, from

their position and connection, would appear to act as such,

their structure would seem to give to them more than a passive

function. In most of the specimens examined the cells showed,

between the nucleus and the outer wall of the reservoir, a dis¬

tinct striation in the cytoplasm giving to them the appearance

of active secretory cells. From the whole structure one would

suppose that the secretion was expelled from the outer wall or

that, if it found an exit into the reservoir there were special

ducts to pass the secretion through the thick cuticula, lining

the inner wall. Ho such ducts were observed, the only struc¬

tures that could in any way be taken for a collecting tube or

passageway were small dark spots; these were rather regular

in their appearance just where the inner comes nearest the

outer wall (fig. 37, s). These were also seen as dark strands

running from one cell to another parallel to the outer surface

of the reservoir but could never be followed for any great dis¬

tance. A study of this so called reservoir of different species

of dragonflies during periods of rest and activity might solve

this problem.

From the more rounded end of each reservoir a. small duct

leads out, the two shortly uniting (fig. 35). The wall of this

common duct has for some distance the peculiar covering of

cells from the reservoir that was observed on the long ducts

just before their end. Before opening externally the structure

of the wall changes to a regular hypodermal layer with a thick

776 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

cuticular lining (fig. 38). Muscles are inserted on either side

at the opening of the duct on the hypopharynx.

Malpighian Tubules.

In a general dissection of Libellula 4,-maculaia the Mal¬

pighian tubules are seen to arise from the intestine near the

posterior end of the seventh segment ; from here they all ex¬

tend backward and lie principally in the eighth and ninth ab¬

dominal segments, seldom extending hack into the tenth. In

the ninth segment some of the tubules bend and run forward

again but not beyond their point of union with the intestine.

The ileum is covered with the tubules and they are in general

more numerous here than over the rectum.

An examination of the union of , the tubules with the in¬

testine shows that they do not open into it singly hut that sev¬

eral tubules unite to form a common vestibule which opens at

the boundary of mid-and hind-intestines. ' The number of these

openings varied in the specimens in which they were counted,

there being from eighteen to twenty-two ; the number of Mal¬

pighian tubules uniting for a common opening varies from two

to twelve, the average was 8.25.

The minute structures of the tubules is similar to what has

been found in other insects. The different tubules are similar as

to size and structure or, if variations do occur, they are only

what might he expected from an examination of a great number

of sections and surface views. In the vestibule and in the

tubules just before opening into it, the epithelial cells are smal¬

ler than in other parts. A few of the tubules showed an ab¬

normality in that they -were very short with swollen ends, in

which part the wall was somewhat thinner than usual and the

lumen much larger.

The lumen of the tubules is very irregular and, examining a

number of specimens, one often sees in a single tubule that the

lumen changes in diameter. An examination of transverse sec¬

tions also showed this variation in size of the lumen and that

it was always irregular and angular. Griffith (12) noticed this

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. 777

same irregularity and said : “the internal cavity of one of these

tubules is very irregular”.

Male Reproductive Organs.

The two testes (fig. 39, T) are long and cylindrical. Each

arises in the posterior part of the third abdominal segment

to one side of and slightly dorsal to the mid-intestine. Each,

in passing backward, shows at first a slight outward curve, this

soon ceases and the testes run parallel to and along side of the

alimentary canal to the posterior margin of the seventh seg¬

ment. From each testis there arises, in the anterior end of the

eigth segment, a vas deferens which, continuing in the direc¬

tion of the testis, extends to near the middle of the ninth seg¬

ment. At this region each vas deferens suddenly turns inward

and forward; after a short distance (less than the length of

the segment) in this direction each suddenly bends once more,

and, passing backward again the two approach and unite just

over the common external opening which lies ventral and med¬

ian on the ninth segment (fig. 40). This last portion, that

part from the final bend to the union of the vasa defferentia,

is larger than at any other part and forms here, at the prox¬

imal end of each vas deferens, a seminal vesicle.

A longitudinal section through a testis shows it to be made

up of many cysts arranged in from one to three layers around

a central tube which has a distinct wall of epithelial cells.

This central duct starts back of the terminal cysts and runs

longitudinally through the testis its continuation outside of

which is the vas deferens (fig. 41) . Leading into this main cen¬

tral tube are many small efferent ducts which carry the sper¬

matozoa from the cysts.

The vas deferens shows in transverse sections that it is not

completely filled with sperms there being a central rod-like

mass of cells which passes through it. The cells composing

this central core are similar in structure to .the epithelium.

An examination of serial sections shows that at or near the

place where the vas deferens leaves the testis there are prolonga-

778 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

tions of the epithelium which give to the lumen very odd shapes,

these outgrowths finally take the form of a solid central core.

This mass of cells passes entirely through the vas deferens and

finally fuses again with the regular epithelial layer of the

wall. A transverse section through any part of either vas

deferens (fig. 42) will show this central core of cells and also

that the sperms occupy entirely or in part the space between

it and the epithelium of the true wall. Longitudinal sections

of the vas deferens show that the central core is now and

then supported by strands of cells which connect it to the

epithelium.

In transverse section the wall of the vas deferens is seen to

be composed of twro layers. The inner of these, the epithelium,

is a single layer of columnar cells each cell containing an ir¬

regularly ovoid nucleus (fig. 43). The outer layer of the wall

is not so thick as .the epithelium ; it is composed of from one

to three layers of cells, these are generally flattened but where

there is a single layer this is mot the case. If two or more

layers of the cells are present the inner layer is much more

flattened than the others. The nuclei of these cells are small

and their form varies with the shape of the cell. At the place

where the vas deferens leaves the testis there is more or less

fat present ; some of these small fat masses can be traced down

over the vas deferens into this outer layer. Where the trach¬

eae in any way touch the vas deferens the fat which may sur¬

round them can be seen to connect with these fat cells which

surround the latter. This layer surrounding the vasa defferen-

tia is a continuation of these fat cells.

Following in serial sections the vas deferens it is seen that

where it widens to form the seminal vesicle the structure of

the wTall changes. In the vesicle (fig. 44) the epithelial layer

has changed only in the cells being shorter and that the cell

boundaries are' very difficult to find. The fat cells as a layer

Lave disappeared and in their place we find a wider layer of

muscle fibres running in various directions. Along the free

surface of the epithelium a cuticular layer is present.

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly . 779

The common opening of the testes is ventral on the ninth

segment between two valves (tig. 45). It is in the form of a

longitudinal slit situated on the apex of an elongated papilla

and can he seen after the valves have been raised. The rather

thick chitinous covering over the surrounding region of the

body is interrupted in two places by thinner areas (tig. 45, at

ends of bracket x), these act as the hinges on which the valves

move. In many of the specimens examined the seminal vesi¬

cles were tilled with sperms.

Accessory glands were not found in connection with the

male reproductive organs. The view that the wall of the sem¬

inal vesicle has a glandular function, Fenard (11), does not

seem so probable as to give to the epithelium of the vasa def-

ferentia this function. A comparison of the structure of the

wall of these two will show that in the former part (tig. 44)

the epithelial cells are much smaller than in the latter (fig.

43). In the vas deferens the cytoplasm may not have the same

appearance in different parts of the cell, near the outer sur¬

face there was noticed in some specimens a darker zone which

contrasted very clearly with the rest of the cell contents.

There has been some doubt about the presence, in con¬

nection with the vasa defferentia of one or more seminal vesi¬

cles. In our specimens there has not only been noted the

presence of masses of sperms in the vesicles (fig. 45) but the

great enlargement in the proximal ends of the vasa and the

change in the histological structure of the wall would point

to the formation at this place of seminal vesicles. Palmen (16)

noted this in the dragonflies and, amongst others, in species oi

Libellula ; he says: “Die beiden Vasa deferentia fand Ich

vesiculaartig ausgedehnt, wie bei den Ephmeriden ; sie legen

sich im hinteren Korperende in S-fdrmige Biegungen und

laufen zuletzt, einender median beruhrend, eine kurze Strecke

nach vorne ; hier vereinigen sie sich, und der mittlere Theil

dringt conisch abwarts gegen die am neunten Sternite bel egene

Geschleehtsoffnung.”

780 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

Female Reproductive Organs.

The female reproductive organs of the dragonflies have al¬

ready received considerable attention. The earliest real an¬

atomical account to which any reference can he found is that

by Rathke (21). Calvert (5) calls attention to the fact that

he was unable to examine this paper and knows of it only

through the references of others. Requests to the libraries of

several of our largest Universities failed to obtain this work.

Rathke was followed in his work by Siebold (26), Palmen (16)

and Fenard (11).

Siebold (26) has shown the presence of copulatory pouch

and seminal recepticle and, in fact, describes the latter in the

species of dragonfly which is the subject of this paper. He

says: uLibellula J+ maculata bi'etet eine Abweichung dar, in

den Hire beiden Samen kapseln nur zwei ldeine Blindsachen

vorstellen”.

The two ovaries occupy relatively the same position in the

female that the testes do in the male. They begin in the first

abdominal segment— the terminal filaments extend forward in¬

to the thorax — and end in the middle of the sixth segment ; at

this point the oviducts, which have for some distance been

along the outer margin of the ovaries (fig. 51, Odt.), con¬

tinue alone to join finally near the anterior margin of the

eighth segment, to form a common oviduct. This passes into

the vagina which continues to the outlet.

The ojiening of the vagina is ventral on the posterior margin

of the eighth segment. From a posterior view the opening

(vulva) is shaped like a capital T, the upright of the T in¬

stead of having a short horizontal bar for its base has an oval

shaped opening (fig. 50). In the vagina, when empty, are

numerous large and small longitudinal folds in the wall the

two ventral ones of which are much larger than the others

(fig. 54). These folds make the vagina appear very irregular

in all transverse sections. Lining the vagina is a thick cuti-

cular layer.

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly.

781

Each ovary consists of a great many ovarian tubules which

lie side by side closely packed together. The ovaries are

changed very greatly in size by the growth of the oocytes ; in

some specimens they are but little larger than the testes while

in others the entire abdominal cavity is nearly tilled with them.

The terminal filaments of the ovarioles lie nearly parallel to

the longitudinal axis of the oviduct and along its inner and

in part ventral surface.

Each ovarian tubule (fig. 46) has, distally, a long and thin

terminal filament. This is followed by a small terminal cham¬

ber in which the youngest oocytes are found and these, passing

backward in the tubule, increase in size, very soon to become

arranged in a single row, this linear arrangement persists

until the end. Proximally there is a short basal stalk through

which the oocytes pass before entering the oviduct. In Lihel-

lula Jf-maculata there are no terminal or other food chambers.

The follicular epithelium is rather thin over all parts of the

tubule; it, as usual in insect ovaries, consists of a single layer

of cells except between the egg chambers.

The two oviducts, passing back and converging towards a

common median line, finally join to form a short; oviductus

communis. This lies ventral to the seminal vesicles, continues

but for a short distance, and then passes into the vagina (fig.

49, Vg). In section the common oviduct shows the presence

of a thin layer of longitudinal muscles which is absent in the

vagina. Besides this layer of muscles both the common ovi¬

duct and the vagina have at either side a considerable mass

of muscles (fig. 55).

The vagina, as already mentioned, is very irregular in shape,

the wall is longitudinally folded and two of these folds are much

larger than any of the others. The two larger folds can be

seen in a dissection in which the vagina is cut open longitudinal¬

ly (fig. 47) or in transverse sections. In this latter case the

folds may come from near the ventral wall of the vagina or

may have their origin at some place on the lateral walls (fig.

54). The wall shows a thick cuticular layer with a notice¬

able lamellate structure. This layer varies greatly in thick-

782 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

ness in different parts. The hypodermal layer contains small

ovoid nuclei, in it the cell boundaries are difficult to distinguish

(fig. 56).

The seminal vesicles lie dorsal to the union of the two

oviducts. These (fig. 47, Rp. Sem.) are irregular in out¬

line and each somewhat kidney shaped; the two are joined

together and form a body somewhat the shape of a dumb-bell.

The union of the right and left recepticles is more clearly

seen in a transverse section through the region of their union

(fig. 55). In all the specimens examined the seminal re¬

cepticles were entirely or nearly empty and what their appear¬

ance would be when filled with sperm is not known. From

the wrinkling of the inner wall one would judge that the cavity

■would be very much enlarged if stretched by being filled.

Median and just posterior to the union of the receptacles lies

a peculiar chitinous piece, the collar (fig. 47, Cu. Co.). This

at first appears to be a ring encircling in this place some part

of the reproductive organs but a more earful examination shows

that the ring is not a complete circle but is ventrally imper¬

fect. Posterior to the ring and dorsal in position there is a

chitinous piece, not so thick as the collar, extending back and

prolonged laterally into two blunt projections (this is shown in

figure 47). The chitin forming this piece varies in thickness,

being thicker near the ring than along any of the free margins.

A sagittal section shows several muscles that arise from the pos¬

terior end of this piece (fig. 48, M;), the action of these would

give to the ring a backward and forward motion. In this

same view the collar has, more the shape of a wine glass, with

these muscles coming from the tip of the stem and the cup of

the glass being occupied by a prolongation of the cavity which

lies just back of the junction of the receptacles. From this

same view the chitinous piece is seen to be free on all sides

and not connected with any other tissue; this makes possible

what ever movement it may have.

What this chitinous collar is for is not known and it would be

necessary to examine a number of specimens during and after

copulation to determine its real use. It is very possible that the

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly.

783

muscles attached to it pull it back from the seminal receptacles

and, having the other and larger anterior end in part concave,

one would suppose that it would have to do with pumping the

sperm out of the receptacle.

Where the openings of the two seminal receptacles join there

is a large cavity with a very much wrinkled and folded wall.

This passes backward into a narrow passageway which extends

posteriorly into the vagina. From a dorsal view this outlet

appears to pass directly through the center of the chitinous

collar hut it in reality passes ventral to his part (figs. 48 and

54). A little posterior to the collar the passageway shows

a slight enlargement (seen in figure 47, just posterior to).

Both from an examination of traverse sections and from entire

mounts of this part of the reproductive system the lateral walls

of this passageway are seen to have a number of cuticular setae

which extend inward from the wall on which they originate

(figs. 47 and 54).

A section through this wall (fig. 52) shows very thick epithe¬

lial and cuticular layers. The epithelium consists of long nar¬

row cells with ovoid nuclei. The inner two-thirds of the cuti¬

cular layer has a very marked lamellate structure, this is fol¬

lowed by a much thinner layer (stippled in figure) which was

blue in the slides stained with haematoxylin ; and, last of all, an

inner transparent layer from which the setae arise.

The use of these setae is not at all clear, and, as only one of

my specimens contained sperm in these parts of the reproductive

organs, it was impossible, if they had a special function, to

arrive at any conclusion as to what this function was. The one

specimen in which sperm was found showed that in this pas¬

sageway they were arranged in regular rows running in two

directions (fig. 48). An examination of this surface with

a high power showed that these strings of sperms corresponded

fairly regularly to the spaces between the setae; this is shown

in figure 53 where the small circular areas represent the setae

cut transversely. Such an arrangement of the sperm would

naturally follow its being forced between the setae but if this

in any way .persists and has anything to do with some special

784 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

final arrangement of the sperm it was impossible to determine

from the single specimen in which this was shown.

At the anterior end of the vagina there is a dorsal outgrowth

with two somewhat lateral prolongations, all of which forms

the bursa copulatrix (figs, 47 and 48, Br. C). In Libellula

the copul atory pouch does not form as distinct a body as in

many other insects.

Zoological Laboratory,

University of Wisconsin.

April, 1912.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Berlese, A. Gli insetti. Milano, 1906.

2. Bordas, L. Glandes salivaires des Libellulidae. Bull.

Mus. Hist. Hat, I, 1895.

3. Bordas, L. Les glandes salivaires des Pseudo-H europteres

et des Orthopteres. Arch, zool, Exper., 3ser. Y, 1898.

4. Burmeister, II. Llandbuch der Entomologie. Berlin,

1832/1847. .

5. Calvert, P. P. Catalogue of the Odonata (Dragonflies)

of the vicinity of Philadelphia, with an introduction to

the study of this group of insects. Trans. Amer. En-

tom. Soc. XX, 1893.

6. Calvert, P. P. Odonata from Tepic, Mbxico, with supple¬

mentary notes on those of Baja California. Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sc. 3 ser. Zool. I, 1897/99.

7. Chun, C. U'eber den Bau, die Entwicklung und physiolo-

gische Bedeutung der Rectaldrusen bei den Insekten.

Abh. Senckenberg. Xaturf. Ges. Frankfurt a/M. X,

1870.

8. Bufour, L. Pecherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur

les Orthopteres et les Hymenopteres et les Xeuropteres.

Mem. Acad. Sc. Paris VII, 1841.

9. Bufour, L. Etudes anatomiques et physiologiques, et

observations sur les larves des Libellules. Ann. Sa

Hat, 3 ser. XVII, 1852.

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly . 785

10. Faussek, Y. Beitrage zur Histologie des Darmkanals der

Xnsekten. Zeit. wiss. Zool. XLY, 1887.

11. Fenard, A. Becherches sur les Organes complementaires

internes de Fappareil genital des Orthopteres. Bull.

Sc. Franc-Belg. XXIX, 1897.

12. Griffiths, A. B. On the Malpighian tubules of Libellula

depressa. Proc. Boy. Soc. Edinb. XY, 1889.

13. Higgins, Helen, T. The development and comparative

structure of the gizzard in the Odonata Zygoptera.

Proc. Acad. Hat. Sc. Phila. LIXX, 1901.

14. Heedham, J. G. The digestive epithelium1 of dragonfly

nymphs. Zool. Bull. I, 1898.

15. Packard, A. S. Hotes on the epipharynx and the epi¬

pharyngeal organs of taste in mandibulate insects.

Psyche Y, 1889.

16. Palmen, J. A. fiber paarige Ausfuhrgange der Gesch-

lechtsorgane bei Insecten. Helsingfors, 1884.

17. Plateau, F. Becherches sur les phenomenes de 1a. Digestion

chez les Insectes. Mem. Acad. Boy. Bruxelles XLI,

1874.

18. Poletajew, H. Des glandes salivaires chez les Odonates.

C. B. Acad. Sc. XCI, 1880.

19. Poletajew, H. Speicheldriisen bei den Odonaten. Horae.

Soc. Entom. Buss. XYX, ,4880.

20. Bamdohr, K. A. Abhandlungen iiber die Yerdauunge-

werkzeuge der Insecten. Halle, 1811.

21. Bathke, FI. De libellularum partibus genitalibus. 1832.

22. Bis, F. FTntersuchungen liber die Gestalt des IFaumagens

bei den Libellen und ihren Larven. Zool.- Jahrb. Syst.

IX, 1897.

23. Poster, D. A. Contributo all anatomia ed alia biologia

degli Odonati. Bull. Soc. Entom. Fr. XVII, 1885.

24. Sadones, J. L’appareil digestif et respiratoire larvaire des

Odonates. La Cellule XI, 1896.

25. Siebold, S. T. H. v. FTber die Begattung der Libellen.

Wegm. Arch. Haturgesch. 1838.

786 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters .

26. Siebold, C. T. H. v. Uber die Edrtpflauzung der Libellen.

Oermars Zeit. Entbm. II, 1840.

27. Smith, J. B. Epipharynx and hypopharynx of Odonata.

Proc. Am. Assc. Adv. Sc. 1891.

28. Smith, J. B. An essay on the development of the month

parts of certain insects. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. XIX,

1898.

29. Voinov, D. X. Epithelium digestif des numphes

d’Aeschna. Bull. Soc. Sc. Bucarest VII, 1898.

REFERENCE LETTERS.

A. Anterior.

Ant. Antenna.

Ap. Apodeme.

Br. Brain.

Br. C. Bnrsa copulatrix.

Bm. Basement membrane.

C. Brush.

Cly. Clypeus.

Cm. Circular muscles.

Cu. Cuticula.

Cu. Co. Cuticular collar.

D. Dorsal.

E. Eye.

Ep. Epicranium.

Epth. Epithelium.

FI. Fore-intestine.

Fr. Frons.

Ft. Fat bodies.

G. Gena.

Gu. Gula.

H I. Hind-intestine.

Hp. Hypodermis.

Hyp. Hypopharynx.

II. Ileum.

L. Labium.

Lb. Labrum.

Lm. Longitudinal muscles.

M. Muscles.

Md. Mandible.

Mes. th. Mesothorax.

Met. th. Metathorax.

MI. Mid-intestine.

Mx. Maxilla.

Mxp. Maxillary palp.

Oc. Ocellus.

Oes. Oesophagus.

Op. Occiput.

Odt. Oviduct.

Odt. Cm. Oviductus communis.

Pg. Pigment.

Ph. Pharynx.

Ph. PI. Pharyngeal plate.

Pro. th. Prothorax.

Rp. Sem. Receptaculum seminis.

R. sgl. Reservoir of salivary gland.

Rt. Rectum.

S- gl. Salivary gland.

T. Testis.

Tr. Trachea.

Yc. Sem. Vescicula seminalis.

Vd. Yas deferens.

Vg. Vagina.

Vt. Vertex.

Trans. Wis. Acad. Vol. XVII.

Plate LXVIII

Marshall : Dragonfly

Irans. Wis. Acad. Vol. XVI I.

Plate LXVIII

Marshall : Dragonfly

'Trans. Wis. Acad.

jPlate LXVIII

Marshall : Dragois

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. 787

PLATE LXVIII.

Fig. 1. Front view of head. X 8.

Fig. 2. Side view of head. X 6.

Fig. 3. Posterior view of part of the head showing gula, Gu. X 6.

Fig. 4. A partly diagrammatic median sagittal section through the

head and cervical region. X 10. Ap. 1 and Ap. 2 apodemes. Cv.

cervical region.

Fig. 5. View of a part of the opposed margins of clypeus and labrum.,

showing one of the two hinges, the right hand one. X 105.

a — a, edge of labrum. b — b, edge of clypeus showing part of

the curved chitinous rod on this side, t, tooth on edge of cly¬

peus. r, thickened chitin along outer edge of the cavity in

labrum into which t fits.

Fig. 6. Anterior view of the head with portions of the frons and of the

clypeus removed; part of each eye cut away. The stippled

part shows the partition separating the frontal from the clypeal

cavity. X 8. Ap. 1 and Ap. 2 apodemes. M. lb. Elevator mus¬

cles of the labrum. M. ph. Muscle of pharynx.

Fig. 7. Inner surface view of labrum, above, and of hypopharynx,

below. Each part drawn and then joined in their natural posi¬

tion. X 40. Oes. Oesophagus, drawn only in part, not continued

to its outlet. Ph. Position of teeth upon which labrum articulates

(Fig. 5, t). C. Brush, (Fig. 8, c). Ph. pi. Pharyngeal plate (Figs.

8 and 10, Ph. pi.).

Fig. 8. Median sagittal section of labrum, Lb. and hypopharynx, Hyp.

X 20. The buccal cavity, the pharynx and the beginning of the

oesophagus are shown. M. ph. Pharyngeal muscle. M. ep.

Epipharyngeal muscle. Ph. pi. Section of the pharyngeal plate

across the entrance to the pharynx (Fig. 7, Ph. pi.). C. One of

the brushes on the labrum (Fig. 7, c).

Fig. 9. Dorsal view of the alimentary tract. X 3. Cv. Cervical re¬

gion. Between MI and HI the dark lines represent the position

of the Malpighian tubules, these are not drawn in full but only

their position of attachment to the intestine represented by

these lines.

Fig. 10. View of the pharyngeal plate. X 40.

Fig. 11. Sagittal section showing portions of the buccal cavity, the

oesophagus and the pharynx. X 150. Gl. Glandular tissue on

dorsal wall of pharynx.

Fig. 12. Section through the dorsal wall of the pharynx. X 1100. Gl.

Glandular tissue.

Fig. 13. Transverse section of the oesophagus in the cervical region.

X 280.

Fig. 14. View of inner surface of cuticular layer of the oesophagus

showing the small blunt projections which occur on this and

other parts of the fore-intestine. X 1100.

Fig. 15. Transverse section of the oesophagus cut through the meso-

thorax. X 280.

788 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts , and Letters .

PLATE LXIX.

Fig. 16. Inner view of one half of the oesophageal valve, two plates

of the gizzard shown, a, where fore-and mid-intestines join.

Fig. 17. The gizzard opened longitudinally to show the four plates.

X 15.

Fig. 18. Surface view of one of the plates of the gizzard. The poster¬

ior half shows the rectangular area covered by the small chitin-

ous projections (Fig. 14). X 52.

Fig. 19. Transverse section through the gizzard, cut near the anterior

end of the plates. X 70. In this and the following figure, 20,

the inner irregular line represents the cuticular layer and the

four plates are shown thicker, as they are, than the rest of it.

Fig. 20. Transverse section through the gizzard near the posterior

end of the plates. X 110.

Fig. 21. Transverse section through wall of gizzard in position of one

of the plates. X 875. Cu. Cuticula (plate).

Fig. 22. Longitudinal section through the oesophageal valve show¬

ing at x the place where fore-and mid-intestines join, (a of

Fig. 16.)

Fig. 23. Longitudinal section through a portion of the wall of the

mid-intestine showing three of the primary folds and the sec¬

ondary ones between them. X 110. x, outer surface.

Fig. 24. A small piece of the wall of the mid-intestine, from a longi¬

tudinal section. X 740. Stl. Striated layer.

Fig. 25. Part of wall of mid-intestine very near the posterior end — ■

from a transverse section. X 1100. Stl. Striated layer. Bm.

Basement membrane. Nd. Nidus.

Fig. 26. External view of hind-intestine.

Fig. 27. Outline view of a transverse section through the anterior

part of the ileum. The region occupied by the large cells is

strippled. X 105.

Fig. 28. Outline view of a transverse section through a region at

about the middle of the ileum. At this place there are two areas

of large cells, these are strippled. X 105.

Fig. 29. Partially diagrammatic longitudinal section through the ali¬

mentary canal at union of ileum, II. with rectum, Rt. X 40.

Pg. Pigment.

Fig. 30. Part of transverse section of ileum showing the regular epi¬

thelial cells, Epth. and the cuticula, Cu. Nothing else drawn.

X 550.

Fig. 31. Part of a transverse section of the ileum showing the large

cells. X 435.

Fig. 32. Salivary glands, S. gl. and under surface of hypopharynx,

Hyp. X 18. 1. Portion of the duct that is shown enlarged in

figure 33.

Fig. 33. Optical section of that portion of duct from salivary gland

that is covered for a short distance by an extension of the

cells of the reservoir. The same structure is found on the ducts

just after leaving the reservoir. Position of the piece here fig¬

ured is shown at 1 in figure 32. X 280.

Plate LXI^

Tuans. Wis. Acad. Vor,. XVII.

Plate LXI'*'

Marshall : Dragonfly

Trans. Wis. Acad. V

Marshall — On the Anatomy of the Dragonfly. 789

PLATE LXX.

Fig. 34. Section through an acinus of the salivary gland. X 1700.

cd. collecting duct.

Fig. 35. Reservoirs of salivary glands — above a part of the large ducts

leading from the glands, below the two short ducts and the com¬

mon one into which they unite. X 50.

Fig. 36. Surface view showing a few cells, inner surface, of the sali-

vary^ gland reservoir. X 875. This view shows the free ends

only of the protruding portions of the cells. Compare figure 37.

Fig. 37. Section showing two cells of the wall of the reservoir.

X 1100. The heavy cuticula lines the inner surface, s, position

of small dark objects which might have to do with outlet of se¬

cretion.

Fig. 38. Opening of common duct, sd, from reservoir of salivary glands

on surface of the hypopharynx at x. Combined from two sec¬

tions. X 280.

Fig. 39. Dissection to show the male reproductive organs. Part of

the alimentary canal removed. T, testis; Yd. vas deferens;

Vc. Sem. vesicula seminalis.

Fig. 40. Dorsal view showing proximal part of vasa defferentia, Vd.,

and the seminal vesicle, Vc. Sem. X 30. The common opening

ventral, is shown by dotted lines near the posterior part of the

vesicles, at X.

Fig. 41. Longitudinal section of a small proximal part of a testis,

T, and the vas deferens which passes out of it. X 105. The two

layers of the wall of the vas deferens, the epithelial, Epth. and

the fat, Ft. both shown. The central core or mass of cells inside

the vas deferens is shown at Co. None of the strands of con¬

necting epithelial cells were shown in this section.

Fig. 42. Transverse section of the vas deferens. The epithelial layer

of the wall, Epth., and the central core of epithelial cells are

stippled. The thick irregular black part shows a mass of sperms.

Ft., layer of fat cells.

Fig. 43. Transverse section of the wall of the vas deferens showing the

epithelial layer, Epth. and the outer layer of fat cells, Ft. X

1100.

Fig. 44. Section of the wall of the seminal vesicle. X 1100.

Fig. 45. Transver’se section through the wall of the seminal vesicle

showing its outlet to exterior between the valves, vl. X 105.

At X the bracket limits the moveable chitinous flap which, with

the one on the other side, close over the opening of the male

reproductive organs.

Fig. 46. Single ovarian tubule — part of terminal filament omitted.

X 50.

Fig. 47. Partly diagrammatic dorsal view of the female reproductive

organs — ovaries and most of oviducts not drawn. X 50. The

proximal ends of the oviducts, Odt., are shown. The passageway

leading from the bursa copuiatrix, Br. C., to the seminal re-

cepticle, Rp. Sem., is shown and part, p, of it is seen to have on

its walls the cuticular processes shown in figure 52. This pass¬

ageway, P, passes under the cuticular collar appearing in the

drawing to pass through it. The vagina has been in part cut

open to show the large folds in its wall. The cuticular collar

is shown at Cu. Co

790 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

Fig. 48. Median sagittal section through the proximal portion of the

female reproductive organs. X 50. At p is the passage between

the vagina, Vg., and the seminal recepticle (not drawn in this

figure). Two dotted lines a — a and b — b where the connection

between oviductus communis, Odt. Com., and vagina, Vg., is

found two sections from the one here figured. Dark mass, sperms.

Cuticular layers stippled. Epithelial layer shaded. At p and at

a positions from which sections 54 and 55 were cut.

PLATE LXXI.

Fig. 49. View of last portion of oviducts, Odt., the oviductus communis,

Odt. Com. and the vagina, Vg. X 30. Cu. Cuticular lining of

the vagina.

Fig. 50. View of the posterior end of the eighth abdominal segment

showing the T — shaped opening, vulva, into the vagina, v., the

free posterior end of the vulvar lamina.

Fig. 51. Transverse section through the ovaries showing the many

ovarian tubules sectioned and the oviduct, Odt., along each side.

In the center of the figure is the heart, with stippled wall. X

50.

Fig. 52. Transverse section through wall of the passage leading from

the vagina to the receptaculum seminis (Figs. 47 and 48, p).

The long hollow setae are on the inner free surface. X 875.

Fig. 53. Surface view of portion of lateral wall of passage between

vagina and seminal recepticle (Fig. 48, p). In this view the

hollow setae have been cut transversely and are shown at s as

little circles; the dark lines between these represent the strings

of spermatozoa. X 740.

Fig. 54. Transverse section through the reproductive organs, the cuti¬

cular layer only drawn and stippled. Cu. Co. section of cuti¬

cular collar, p., passage between vagina and seminal recepticle

(Figs. 47 and 48, p). The two large folds of the wall of the

vagina, V, are shown. Cut in about position represented in figure

48 at p. X 105.

Fig. 55. Transverse section cut at about position a in figure 48. e,

egg; ch, chorion of same; m, muscles of common oviduct and

of vagina. X 105.

Fig. 56. Longitudinal section through dorsal wall of vagina. X 875.

Trans. Wis. Acad. Vol. XVII.

Marshall : Dragonfly

Pearse — On the Habits of TJca Pugnax.

791

ON THE HABITS OF UCA PUGNAX (SMITH) AND

U. PUGILATOR ( BOSC).

By A. S. Pearse.

Zoology Department, University of Wisconsin.

Fiddler-crabs are remarkable chiefly for the great size of

one of the chelipeds on the males. The enlarged claw may oc¬

cur on either the right or left side. The females have two small

chelipeds similar to the lesser one of the males. The use of the

monstrous claw has been a matter of much speculation ; it has

been variously supposed to serve as a stopper for the burrow, a

spade for digging, a weapon for combat, a “nuptial couch”

used during copulation, and to attract the admiration of the

females. Smith and Weldon (’09), though they review the

opinions of other writers, do not commit themselves as to the

use of this peculiar structure. Alcock (’02) believes that it

is used as a sort of flag, which is waved to attract the females.

Caiman (’l'l) in his recent “Life of Crustacea” says (p. 106),

“What the precise use of this enormous claw may be does not

seem to be quite certainly known. It is said to be used as a

weapon by the males in fighting with one another, but it seems

too clumsy to be very efficient for this purpose. It is often

brilliantly colored, and has been supposed to be a sexual adorn¬

ment.”

The writer (’12) has shown elsewhere that fiddlers use their

great claw with marked agility in combats with each other;

indeed, one crab may throw his adversary three or four feet,

and, as many such, contests have been observed (fig. 1), there

seems to be no reason to doubt the claw’s efficiency as a weapon.

792 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

Once during the past summer a male was seen to grasp an ad¬

versary by the wrist and hold him at “arm’s length” above his

head.

From June 28 to August 13, 1912, the writer occupied a

room in the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mas¬

sachusetts, and had opportunity to extend his observations on

fiddler-crabs. Fortunately this period cam© during the height

of the breeding season. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the

courtesy of those in charge of the laboratory, particularly Mr.

George Gray.

Fig 1. Uca pugilator. Two males fighting. The right hand one is

partly in his burrow. Drawn from a photograph taken at West

Falmouth, Massachusetts.

Two species of fiddlers are common in suitable localities in

the Woods Hole region. Both occur along the sheltered shores

of estuaries and inlets, where they are usually found among the

marsh grass (Spartina). The roots of this plant serve to sup¬

port the soil so that the crabs’ burrows do not cave in so readily

when covered by water. Uca pugnax is most often found where

the soil is of mud or clay ; and U. pugilator is more common on

sandy beaches ; but the burrows of both species are often inter¬

mingled and mixed colonies are not infrequent. Aside from

these differences in habitat and the fact that U. pugnax bred

earlier in the season than U. pugilator, no difference was no¬

ticed in the behavior of the two species.

The maximum number of burrows was found about two feet

(vertical) below high tide mark, and some crabs even had

holes above the tide limit. Where the tide had covered the

beach with eel grass or other debris many of the burrows had

Pearse — On the Habits of TJca Pugnax.

793

mud towers around their openings. These towers were some¬

times an inch in height. In the Philippines the writer had

observed that the fiddler-crabs usually carried the mud exca¬

vated from their burrow eight or ten inches away, and it was

noticeable that the Massachusetts fiddlers usually piled such

mud close to their door-ways (fig. 2), contrary to the observa¬

tions of Smith (Stebbing, ’93, p. 90). The crabs dug most

actively when the tide was falling. Then burrows which had

caved in or been partially filled were repaired. In digging,

Pig. 2. TJca pugilator.. A female at the mouth of her burrow. Drawn

from a photograph taken at Falmouth, Massachusetts.

dirt was scooped up with the walking legs of one side and car¬

ried behind the body (fig. 3). A detailed description of

methods of excavating and carrying dirt has been given in a

former paper (Pearse, ’12), and Stebbing (’93) reviews Smith’s

earlier observations. Only once was a crab seen to use his great

chela in digging. This was when a piece of shell blocked his

way; he turned around, reached down the hole, and removed

the obstacle with his chela.

Sometimes, when the tide had washed the dirt away at the

mouth of the burrow so that the opening was too large to suit the

owner, mud or other material was carried to it and smoothly

plastered down with the walking legs until the size was proper.

Each hole was usually plugged just before the rising tide

794 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

reached it and remained closed while it was covered with water.

Where the soil was fairly firm a crab would gouge a plug out

of the beach and pull it down into the mouth of his burrow

as he descended in such a way as to completely close the open¬

ing. On a softer beach a crab carried two or three pellets of

mud which were placed about the opening of his hole so as to

partly close it; then he sidled through the narrowed space and

pulled the mud down with the walking legs of one side (fig. 4)

so as to nearly close the hole. The legs were then withdrawn

and dirt was pushed up on the inside so that no aperture was

Fig, 3. Uca. pugilator. Males carrying loads from their burrows. In

A the fiddler is facing the observer and walking toward the left.

He carries his load with the first three legs of the left side.

B show:s a male carrying a load away from the observer.

left. Fiddlers seemed to feel that the necessity for having

their burrows closed when the tide came in was very urgent.

Once I pulled up all the grass on a thickly populated area about

six feet square and chased all the crabs into their holes; then I

sat in front of this open space while the tide came in and cov¬

ered the mou ths of the burrows. Though the crabs were timid,

and apparently feared me, several of them rushed out when the

water came near, and, after hastily grabbing one or more pel¬

lets of mud, plugged their holes. Other animals that were ob¬

served to be active when the tide came in, and which might

have harmed the fiddlers, were ribbon-fish, minnows, green

crabs, and prawns.

Fiddler-crabs usually fed on the wet beach above the water,

and the position of their burrows nearer high than low tide

mark, gave them the maximum amount of time for such ac-

Pearse — On the Habits of Uca Pugnax.

795

tivity. Many emerged from their burrows and moved down

with the edge of the falling tide until the beach dried off ; then

they descended into their holes again and waited until it was

time to plug them. They usually did not go far from home,

but the females wandered about much more than the males. At

North Falmouth the beach at low tide was alive with armies of

fiddlers that were twenty or Thirty feet from their holes. Where

the crabs were most abundant (optimum habitat) the burrows

were about five inches deep ; but above high tide mark many of

them went down over two feet and there was water in the bot¬

tom.

As has been stated, Uca pugnax bred earlier than U. pugila¬

tor. Egg bearing females of the first species were observed

Fig. 4. Uca pugilator, closing his burrow by pulling down mud with bis

walking legs.

from July 4 to July 15. They wandered boldly about over the

sand and could be picked out at once by the dark mass of eggs

which caused the abdomen to hang down below the body. No

females of Uca pugilator ' were observed to be carrying eggs until

the first part of August ; the exact date was not noted. These

two species of fiddlers present another case like that of Fow¬

ler’s toad and the American toad, which have different breeding

seasons, though they commonly occur in the same locality and

in the same habitats. The fact that Uca pugnax is darker

colored than U. pugilator and usually lives in mud (which

would absorb more heat than sand on account of its darker

color, and would contain more organic material which would

generate heat in decaying) may account for its earlier breeding

period. It would be interesting to know whether other animals

796 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

which live along ocean beaches in both mud and sand breed

sooner in the former.

Male fiddlers were fighting each other throughout the sum¬

mer (fig. 1), but the chief point of interest in the inter-relations

of the crabs was the behavior of the two sexes toward each other.

The writer had never before observed fiddlers during the breed¬

ing season and was interested to see whether the males would

wave their claws to attract the females, as Alcock (’02) asserts

they do. Such waving was observed throughout the summer.

None of the males were seen to dance about the females as they

do in the Philippines (Pearse, T2) and in India (Alcock, ’92,

’02), though they often lowered themselves on their legs and

gave a sort of curtesy when a female approached. Each male

stood at the mouth of his own hole when he waved, and, if a fe¬

male approached when he was elsewhere, he went to it, waving

on the way. Waving consisted in flourishing the chelipeds up

and down (sometimes only the great chela), and the motion was

increased by alternately flexing the legs and standing on tiptoe

when the chelipeds were down or up. Sometimes a male or

two waved when no females were about, but if a, female walked

through a well populated region every male, great and small,

stood at the mouth of his burrow and honored her by gesticu¬

lating frantically with his claws (fig. 5). If she approached a

particular hole the owner either entered with the evident inten-

ion of inducing her to follow or he attempted to push her down

ahead of him. No male was seen to grasp a female with his

great chela or to attempt to use it in any way in his scuffles with

her. Alcock (’92, ’02) maintains that the bright colors on the

great clawr of the male fiddlers in India “have been acquired in

order to attract and please the female.’7 The claws of both the

species observed in Massachusetts are dirty white, which makes

them conspicuous objects. Yet we must be cautious in assum¬

ing that colors which appear bright to out eyes are also bright

when seen by a fiddler. Furthermore, I have noted that the

waving of claws is commonly a sign of excitement in crabs in

which they are neither remarkably large nor brightly colored

(Sesarma, Macrophthaimus). The male fiddler waves his che-

Pearse — On the Habits of Uca Pugnax.

797

lipeds to attract the attention of the female, but I am not con¬

vinced that she is pleased or that he has any cognisance that his

claw is brightly colored.

Females were observed to enter the burrows of males on sev¬

eral occasions, and once a female was watched who coquetted

with a male for three quarters of an hour. The last case oc-

Fig. 5. Uca puffilator. Waving at mouth of burrow. Drawn from a

photograph taken at West Falmouth, Massachusetts.

curred on July 11 and the participants in the romance were two

Uca pugilators. The male waved and at 12 :17 p. m. the object

of his attention approached and went part way into his burrow ;

he rushed up and tried to push her in, but she resisted. He

then retired three inches and stood motionless for three minutes,

with his claws outstretched in front, then sneaked up and again

tried to push the female down into his burrow. She again, re¬

sisted, he retired, and both were quiet for two minutes. The

798 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

male then cautiously approached and stood motionless close to

the female with upraised chela for three and a half minutes,

and again attempted to push her down but without success. He

then raised his claw and standing high on his legs assumed a

statuesque pose which he held for ten minutes (I took his pic¬

ture, fig. 6). The female meanwhile fed a little and moved

away a couple of inches, then wTent part way down the hole.

When the male again approached she dodged, hut came hack

again, went into the hole and the male stood over her for more

than a minute. She dodged away, again came hack, and the

male stood over her again. At ,1'2 :42 he went to one side of

Fig. 6. Uca pugilator. Male in courting attitude before a female.

Drawn from a photograph taken at West Falmouth, July 11, 1912.

the burrow, she to the other, and they stood thus for four min¬

utes. At 12 :46 the female moved away an inch at 12:52 the

male dodged quickly into his burrow, and the female hastened

up to him, — but a minute later she moved away several feet and

went elsewhere. The male, however, was soon consoled, for at

1 :02 he was standing at the mouth of his hole waving frantic¬

ally at a new suitor. At 1 :07 he carried a plug to his doorway

and shut himself in.

I believe the activities just described were a courtship. The

male made no attempt to use his great chela in an offensive way,

.as he would have done if a male or an unwelcome female had

entered his hole. After his first rush he had every appearance

of proceeding with great caution — as if he feared a too arduous

wooing might cause his prospective mate to leave. After every

Pearse — On the Habits of TJca Pugnax.

799

repulse he retired a little way and displayed his charms for

a time before making another advance. Apparently he was

attempting, as Chidester (’12) says, “to demonstrate his male-

ness.”

A little later in the same afternoon a small male Uca pugnax

was seen to precede a female into his burrow just before the ris¬

ing tide covered it. Whether copulation takes place in the bur¬

rows or on the surface of the beach I cannot say, for no crabs

were seen mating under natural conditions. I dug out a num¬

ber of burrows, but never found more than one crab at a time.

High up on the beach there were many males (including the

largest in the colony) and very few females; many of the

females were carrying eggs. Lower down where the population

was densest the two sexes occurred in about equal numbers. On

July 12 and 17 I counted the fiddlers on a certain area. On a

high, rather open place there were 146 males and 10 females

(5 with eggs) ; two feet below (vertical) this there were 62

males and 58 females. When a well populated area was care-

' fully dug over, attempting to get a crab from every hole, 66

males and 61 females (6 with eggs) were turned up on the lower

beach; 10 males and 2 females above the high tide mark. From

these results it would appear that there were more males than

females, as Alcock (’92) believed to be the case in India, but

there is a chance for error in the fact that the females are very

easy to overlook, whereas a male can not well escape being

seen.

Despairing of observing the actual mating in the field, I car¬

ried over 125 Uca pugilators into the laboratory at different

times and put them in glass tumblers, a male and a female in

each. Only about half to three quarters of an inch of sea water

was put in each tumbler, for it was found that many of the

crabs died when they were completely covered. Under such

circumstances I was able to observe five pairs copulating. Twp

males were also observed while they were attempting to mate.

Neither of them used the great chela, but attempted to climb

upon the female and turn her over with the other legs. The

position assumed during copulation is shown in figure 7.

800 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

Though there was some variation in the position of the appen¬

dages, the male’s second legs (those next the chelipeds) were

always hugged again the female’s hack, his third pair were be¬

tween the bases of her last two pairs of legs, and his abdomen

was inside hers. Two males grasped the eyestalk of their mate

with the small cheliped, the other three pressed that appendage

on her back as shown in the figure. The great chela, was never

pressed against the female, but was supported on the male’s sec¬

ond leg. The time of the different copulations was as follows :

Fig. 7. Uca pugilator. A pair copulating. Drawn from life by Miss

Barbara Bradley.

July 15, 7 :00-7 :10 p. m. ; July 23, 6 :35— 7 :27 p. m. ; July 24,

4:40-4:53 p. m. ; July 29, 8 :35-9 :1'0 pi. m. ; July 30, 8 :38-9 :10

p. m. In no case was the entire process observed ; either the

pair were already clasped when discovered or they were inter¬

rupted before they had finished. It will be observed that copu¬

lation took place in the afternoon or evening, but this may have

been due simply to the quiet in the laboratory building at such

time. All the females observed in copulation were “hard

shells,” hence mating in fiddlers does not follow ecdysis as in

some crabs.

Summary.

1. Uca pugnax usually occurs on mud or clay bottoms; U.

pugilator is commonly found where the beach is sandy.

2. The females of U. pugnax were carrying eggs during the

Pearse — On the Habits of Uca Pugnax.

801

early part of July; U. pugilator was copulating during the lat¬

ter part of July.

3. High up on the beach the fiddler population is mostly

males ; lower down the sexes occur in approximately equal num¬

bers.

4. Fiddlers usually close their burrows when the tide comes

in and use two methods. On a hard bottom they pull a round

piece of earth down over themselves ; on a soft bottom they

plaster up the opening somewhat, then enter the burrow, and,

after pulling the mud down with the legs, push up material

from below.

5. Male fiddlers try to induce females to come to them by

waving their chelipeds, and then try to make them enter their

burrows.

6. Male fiddlers use the great chela as a weapon for combat

and defense, and as a signal to attract the females. They do

not use it as a stopper to their burrows, nor to dig, nor as a

“nuptial couch” during copulation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Alcock, A.

1892. On the Habits of Gelasimus annulipes. Edw. Ann.

& Mag. of Hat. Hist., (6) 10: 415-416.

1902. A naturalist in Indian Seas, xxiv + 289 pp.,

1 map.

Oalman, W. T.

1911. The Life of Crustacea. Hew York, xvii & 289 pp.

Chidester, F. E.

1912. The Miating Habits of Four Species of Brachyura.

Biol. Bull., 21 : 235-248.

Pearse, A. S.

19,12. The Habits of Fiddler Crabs. Philippine Journal

Sci., (2, D),

802 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

Smith, G-. and Welden, W. F. R.

1909. Crustacea. Cambr. JSTat. Hist. 4: 1-217.

Stebbing, T. R. R,

1893. A History of Crustacea. Recent Malaoostraca.

Hew York, xvii + 466 pp.

Juday — A New Species of Diaptomus.

803

A NEW SPECIES OF DIAPTOMUS.

By Chancey Juday.

On January 30 and February 1, 1910, some plankton ma¬

terial was collected from pools in the vicinity of Puerto Barrios

and Los Amates, Guatemala. Among the copepods found in

the collections is a species of Diaptomus which has not been de¬

scribed hitherto. The species is named in honor of Doctor C.

Dwight Marsh in recognition of his valuable work on the North

American forms of this genus.

Diaptomus marslii n. sp.

Male. The cephalothorax is bluntly cone-shaped anteriorly;

it is widest in the middle. The first segment is about as long

as the three following ones; the last thoracic segment does not

have any lateral lobes but has a small spine on either side about

the middle of the posterior margin.

The abdomen is elongated and slender, consisting of five seg¬

ments besides the furcae. The first segment is short and

broader than the others; the second is the longest of the five.

The fourth is asymmetrical, the left side being a little shorter

than the right; the fifth likewise is asymmetrical, the left side

being a little longer than the right. The f ureal joints are about

two-thirds as long as the second segment.

The antennae scarcely reach the anterior ends of the furcal

rami. The right one is modified for a grasping organ. The

antepenultimate segment of the right antenna of one specimen

bears a prominent curved process, but no trace of such a struc¬

ture appears on any others (about twenty in all).

804 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

The spines on the first basal segments of the fifth feet (fig. 1)

are moderately long and slender. The second segment of the

right foot is a little longer than wide; the lateral hair is of

moderate length and situated on the distal third; there is a

blunt, tooth-like process on the anterior surface near the inner

margin. The first segment of the right exopodite is short and

broad and ends in a blunt process at the outer distal angle;

there are two tooth-like processes on the posterior surface near

the inner distal angle, the proximal one being the larger. The

Fig. 1.

Fifth foot of male. X 190.

Fig. 2.

Fifth foot of female.

second segment is elongated, with an obtuse angle near the mid¬

dle of the outer margin; the lateral spine originates just beyond

the angle and it is long, curved, and bears from three to six

teeth on its inner margin; the terminal hook is- long, slender,

and curved. The right endopodite is roughly triangular in out¬

line, about as long as the inner margin of the first joint of the

exopodite ; it is ciliated on the inner margin toward the apex.

The second basal segment of the left foot is about one and a

third times as long as wide; the lateral hair on the outer margin

is about a quarter of the distance from the distal end. The

first joint of the left exopodite is a little longer than wide and

is setose on the inner margin. The second joint has a ciliated

pad on its inner margin and is terminated with a finger-like

Juday — A New Species of Daiptomus.

805

process; it bears a rather long, slender spine on the posterior

surface toward the distal end. The left endopodite is elongated,

reaching beyond the first segment of the exopodite ; the outer

end is pointed ; there is a conspicuous cilium beyond the middle

of the inner margin and small cilia thence toward the end.

Length of cephalothorax 0.78 to 0.81 mm. ; width of cephalo-

thorax 0.28 to 0.30 mm. ; total length 1.1 to 1.15 mm.

Female. The cephalothorax is widest about one-third the dis¬

tance from the anterior end ; the anterior third gradually tapers

forward, being cone-shaped in outline. The first segment is

about as long as the three following. The last thoracic segment

has a lobe on either side, each of which bears a small lateral and

a small dorsal spine.

The first segment of the abdomen equals in length the three

following ones; it is slightly expanded about one-third the dis¬

tance from the anterior end and bears a small spine on either

side at this point ; the narrowest diameter is situated about the

middle. The second segment is very short; the third is slightly

longer than the f ureal joints.

The antennae reach a little beyond the middle of the furcal

setae.

The first basal segment of the fifth feet (fig. 2) bears a rather

long spine on the dorsal side. The exopodite consists of three

segments, the first being nearly three times as long as wide.

The hook of the second segment is long and slender and only

slightly curved ; toward the outer end it is finely ciliate both on

the inner and outer surfaces. The outer margin of this joint

bears a small spine. The third segment is small and bears a

rather long spine. The endopodite is one- jointed and about

two-thirds as long as the first joint of the exopodite; it bears a

spine-like cilium on the inner margin toward the distal end and

another at the end ; between these are small cilia.

Length of cephalothorax 1.03 to 1.05 mm. ; width of cephalo¬

thorax 0.38 to 0.41 mm. ; total length 1.40 to 1.44 mm.

806 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters .

A LIST OF FUNGI, CHIEFLY SAPROPHYTES, FROM

THE REGION OF KEWAUNEE COUNTY,

WISCONSIN.

Bernard O. Dodge.

The following list of fungi collected mainly in Kewaunee

County, Wisconsin, is based on specimens collected from 1904

to 1908. The mycological bora of this region has not been

hitherto investigated, and this list forms a contribution to the

fungus flora of the state.

Kewaunee County, lying as it does in the glaciated area

along the shore of Lake Michigan in the northeastern part of

the state, has a somewhat different flora from that prevailing in

Juneau County -where several of the collections noted here were

made. The glacial moraines rise perhaps a hundred feet above

the lake level and, where wooded, are well covered with groves

of maple and beech. The low or swampy areas between the

moraines are especially characterized by their dense growths of

white cedar, black ash, and alder. “Blahnik’s woods” is one of

the many places in this vicinity where one passes quickly from

the pastured hardwood groves down through the tamarack, hem¬

lock, and cedar into the alders and finally out into the heath

swamps. Oak, which is so common in Juneau County, is no

longer found in the vicinity of Algoma, although it is fairly

common at Bed Biver, Little Sturgeon, and beyond Kohlberg.

The wild hay marshes along the Ahnapee river are especially

favorable for collecting JBoleti in October and November. Even

in the driest seasons, species of Discomycetes are plentiful in

“Perry’s swamp” or in the “black ash swamp” when few fungi

are to be found elsewhere. Following the cow paths or “wood

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co Wis. 807

roads/* one can take for example a trip of about five miles

around Ifrohns’ Lake and pass through a region rich in species

of fungi and other plants. Near McDonald’s boat-house the

growth of cedar which elsewhere borders the lake is replaced

by a strip of “bottom lands” with rich, black soil and here and

there a clump of alder or birch. As the ground rises abruptly,

the usual fringe of hard woods is found.

In this undisturbed region the old trunks of hemlock and

cedar lie strewn all about and are in just the state of decay for

the growth of fleshy fungi. At the head of the lake one comes

to the more open swamp lands with Chara, Drosera , Sarracenia,

Conocephalus and species of heath. Beyond this is found a

stand of tamarack, and finally the large woods, the “Otto’s

woods” frequently mentioned in these notes.

To aid in further critical study of the fungi of Wisconsin,

to indicate variations, and to assist in the identification of the

species, I have included certain field notes made at the time of

collection, and references to descriptions and figures which rep¬

resent especially well the forms as found here, or which differ

characteristically from these forms. Specimens of the species

listed have been placed in the herbaria of the University of

Wisconsin and the New York Botanical Garden.

The work of listing the Wisconsin fungi was begun by Bundy

(Geology of Wisconsin, 1876). This list is widely quoted but

cannot be regarded as reliable, and the author left neither de¬

scriptions nor specimens. Trelease (Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci.,

6: 106-144) in 1886 published a list of 286 parasitic fungi of

Wisconsin. The first work of describing the species of fleshy

fungi of the state was done by Trelease in 1889 in a bulletin ora

the morels and puff-balls of Madison (Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci.?

7: 105-120). Davis (Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci., 9: 154—188 ; 11:

165-178 ; 14:83-106 ; 16 : 739-772) has continued the work of

listing the parasitic fungi, so that we have now over 600 species

authentically reported for the state. Another list of the higher

fungi was prepared 'for Milwaukee County bv Brown and

Fernekes (Trans. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., 1902). Denniston has

published descriptions of about twenty species of the genus

808 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

Eussula occurring in the vicinity of Madison (Trans. Wis.

Acad. Sci., 15 : 71-88, 1905). The species of the Tremellineae

of the state have been carefully worked out by Gilbert (Trans.

Wis. Acad. Sci. 16: 1138-1911) and about twenty species have

been described and illustrated. His monograph includes de¬

scriptions of several new species and varieties, with keys to the

genera and species, and a list of the synonyms of the species. '

If to the species mentioned in the above cited lists we add

about 100 species reported for various collectors by Lloyd, Peck,

and Rehm, we shall have about 1200 species reported from

Wisconsin.

The following list includes 440 species of fungi from Kewau¬

nee County and 40 additional species from Juneau and Dane

Counties. These 40 species were not found in Kewaunee

County and are included here either because of their rarity in

America, or because of their wide distribution throughout the

country and their rarity in Kewaunee County. Clitocybe illa-

dens and Lepiota americana , which seem to be widely distri¬

buted and commonly occurring species, were not found in Ke¬

waunee County. Although the people in the vicinity of Algoma

are familiar with many species of fungi which they use for

food, I was unable to learn of any case of poisoning by mush¬

rooms. This may be due in part to the fact that very few spe¬

cies of Amanita grow in this region. During the most favor¬

able seasons for the growth of mushrooms only one or two speci¬

mens of Amanita phalloides and A. muscaria were found.

About ninety species of Diseomycetes were found in this re¬

gion and will be listed in another paper together with the species

from other parts of the state.

The writer wishes to acknowledge the services of Prof. R. A,

Harper in the preparation of this list.

Dodge — Fungi from the Begion of Kewaunee Go., Wis. 809

HYMENOMY CETES.

AG ARICINE AE .

Amanita Frostiana Pk. These specimens differ from the typical

forms only in being fully as large as A. Caesarea. Under maple and

hemlock, Schmeiling’s grove, August, Algoma.

Amanita muscaria Linn. Figures of this species are generally too

highly colored to represent our specimens. Coville, U. S. Dept, of

Agric., Div. Cir. 13, says, “The brilliant red ones are rarely found here,

but the white ones are not infrequent.” June, Foscora; Mile bluff,

August, Mauston.

Amanita pantherima D. C. Richon, Atlas Champ., PI. 5, fig. 5-8,

figures this form with the annulus distant from the pileus, generally

below the middle of the stipe. In dry sandy soil under oak. Mile bluff,

and in low woodland pastures, July, Mauston.

Amanita phalloides Fr. Forms with a greenish pileus with patches

of the volva on the surface, as illustrated by Berkeley, Out., PI. 3, fig. 1,

occur at Fish Creek. Holland, Atlas Champ., PI. 3, fig. 3, figures the

dull gray forms such as are found in Shaw’s woods, September, Fos¬

cora.

Amanita recutita Fr. The dark drab color, the tough, tightly

stretched skin of the pileus, and the inrolled margin of the volva are

well shown in these specimens. Berk. Out., PI. 3, fig. 3, illustrates

such forms with no patches of the volva on the pileus. On decayed

remains of coniferous log, edge of woods, Swaty’s, August, Algoma.

Amanita rufoescens Fr. The red color of the flesh was not very

prominent. In open woods, in dry sod, Van Wie’s park, July, Maus¬

ton; Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

Amanita verna Bull. The pure white forms said to be a variety

of A. 'phalloides are abundant in the Mile Bluff woods. Winnebago In¬

dians who camp here do not eat mushrooms and avoid even touching

this species. June to August, Mauston. Rare at Algoma.

Amanitopsis fulva Schaeff. This species seems to have perfectly

constant characters, although it may often grow in the same locality

with A. vaginata. The pileus is tawny or golden-buff, usually with a

few large, thick warts which fall off as the pileus opens. The stem

is richly colored like the pileus and becomes rough from splitting. A

distinct trace of a fuzzy annulus appears in the youngest forms.

Specimens collected in this stage will grow several centimeters before

drying and are very sensitive to geotropic stimuli. Schaeff., leones,

Pi. 95, and E. Michael, Fue'hr. Pilz., PI. 96, represent these forms very

well. Van Wie’s park, July, Mauston; Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

810 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

Amanitopsis vaginata Bull. Common in open woods, Mile Bluff,

June, Mauston; rare in Blahnik’s grove, August, Algoma,

Lepiota asperata Berk. On the ground, Otto’s woods, September,

Algoma.

Lepiota asperula Atk. This species seems to be similar to the

preceding except that the brown pointed scales do not form concentric

rings on the pileus, and the stem is white. Schmeiling’s grove, Au¬

gust, Algoma.

Lepiota clypeolaria Bull. Richon, Atlas Champ., PI. 21, figs. 1-3 .

illustrates these forms wTell. On low ground, Melchior’s woods, Octo¬

ber, Algoma.

Lepiota* cristata A. & S. On the ground in rich open woods,

Shaw’s, August, Algoma.

liepiota Friesii Lasch. These specimens have rough brown warts

on the lower side of the annulus which is clothed above with a mass

of cottony fibres. The chlorine odor is strong in young plants. On

the ground among moss and leaves, Blahnik’s grove, July, Algoma.

Lepiota meleagris Sow. On the ground under maple, Belgian

settlement, September, Rosiere.

Lepiota naucina Fr. On lawrns and along margins of woods, Aug¬

ust and September, Algoma.

Lepiota procera Scop. Very common along roadsides and in

maple woods, September, Rosiere.

Armillaria mellea Vahl. This is one of the most common autumn

mushrooms at Algoma, the species most relied on as a source of win¬

ter food supply among the Bohemians. The species is variable as to

size, color, character of the annulus and edible qualities. Aborted

forms are common. On stumps and fallen timber, Decker’s, Septem¬

ber, Casco; Nelson’s woods, July, Mauston.

Tricholoma album (Schaeff.) Fr. On wood-strewn earth, Hale’s

hill, June, Mauston; Otto’s woods, July, Algoma.

Tricholoma equestre L. Specimens differ from T. sejunctum only

in having yellow gills. Richon, Atlas Champ., PI. 32, figs. 1-4, repre¬

sents these forms. Rolland, Atlas Champ., PI. 15, fig. 2k, figures a

form with a yellow stipe, while ours have a white stipe. On the

ground, Danek’s woods, September, Algoma.

Tricholoma grammopodium Bull. Bulliard, Hist. Champ., PI. 585,

and Hussey, Illust., PI. kl, illustrate the large specimens. Common,

Fluno’s bluff under oak, June, Mauston; along roadsides, June, Fosco'ra.

Tricholoma personatum Fr. Commonly gathered for food at Al¬

goma as it is easily recognized by the lilac color and bulbous stipe.

Schmeiling’s grove, Algoma; Awe’s, September, Foscora.

Tricholoma rutilans Schaeff. Clusters gathered from pine stumps

had yellow gills and stipes, as figured by Rolland, Atlas Champ., PI. 18.

Bodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Wis. 811

fig. 22. Solitary specimens from hemlock logs had whitish gills and

the stipes were spotted purple, as figured by Cooke, Illust., PI. 8, and

Lucand, Champ. Fr., PI. 54. Mile Bluff, June, Mauston; Krohn’s

Lake, August, Algoma.

Clitocybe amethystina Bolt. The whole plant is deep purplish

amethyst in the young forms. When old, the caps generally fade to

gray but the gills retain their color. This species is quite distinct

from C. laccata. On the ground in open woods, Stewart’s pasture,

June, Mauston; Perry’s woods, July, Algoma.

Clitocybe cerussata Fr. On leaves, Otto’s woods, August, Algoma.

Clitocybe ciavipes (Pers.) Fr. On the ground, Runke’s woods,

Kodan, October.

Clitocybe compressipes Pk. In this species the pileus is 2-5 cm.

broad, yellowish to light brown, plane or depressed, with or without

zones. The plants usually grow in twos or threes; occasionally clus¬

ters of about twenty plants were found in pastures. Lone Rock, June,

Mauston.

Clitocybe connexa Pk. The pale sky-blue colors are not visible

except at close range. . On the ground in low woods under maple and

beech, August, Algoma.

Clitocybe cyathiformis Fr. These forms are well illustrated by

Cooke, Illust., PI. 113 ; Sow., Eng. Fung. PI. 363 ; Bull., Herb. Franc.,

PI. 375. Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

Clitocybe eccexitrica Pk. The stipe is only slightly eccentric in

our specimens. The base is coarsely strigose. On pieces of decayed

wood and among leaves, Krohn’s lake, August, Algoma. Peck vid.

Clitocybe ectypoides Pk. The pileus is plainly marked by black¬

ish lines of closely appressed hairs branching dichotomously five or

six times from the center to the margin. The gills are narrow and

distant, not close, as described by Peck, Bull. Torrey Club, 25:821,

1898. Abundant on the ground, Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma. Peck

vid.

Clitocybe gigantea Sow. This species differs from C. maxima in

' having a much shorter and thicker stipe. The differences are figured

by Cooke, Illust., Pis. 106, 135. On the ground, Blahnik’s grove, July,

Aleroma.

Clitocybe gilva Pers. The specimens dry well, retaining the char¬

acteristic yellow colors. The odor is strong, not unpleasant. October,

Foscora.

Clitocybe illudens Schw. Very common in dense clusters on

fallen timber and in clover fields, on roots and stumps in newly tilled

ground, C. Remington farm, July, Mauston. Rare at Algoma.

Clitocybe infimdibuliformis Schaeff. On the ground among

leaves, Awe’s, August, Foscora.

812 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

CUtocybe inversus Scop. This species closely resembles the last,

from which it is here distinguished by the reddish color of the gills

and the smaller, more globose spores. Lanzi, Funghi Roma, PI. 95,

fig. 3, gives a good figure of these forms. On the ground. Tornado,

August, Kohlberg.

Clitocybe laccata Scop. Common on the ground in woods, early

and late. Mile Bluff, June, Mauston; Melchior’s, November, Algoma.

Clitocybe maxima Gaert. & Meyer. The pileus grows to be 25

cm. broad and the stipe 20 cm. high. Such forms are figured by Cooke,

Illust., Pi. 135. Under dense growth of young oak and pine, Dodge’s,

Crossville, near Mauston.

Clitocybe multiceps Pk. Clusters growing in the woods are more

slender than those found along street curbing. Insects do not seem

to infect the plants and they remain several days in a fresh condition

after being gathered. August, Fish Creek.

Clitocybe socialis Fr. In Sphagnum swamps with Boletinus palus -

ter, Blahnik’s, November, Algoma.

Collybia acervata Fr. The shining stems are dark brown, four or

five being bound together at the base by a mass of felt-like hairs. On

decayed wood, Warner”s grove, September, Algoma. Peck vid.

Collybia confiuens Pers. Among leaves, Krohn’s lake, August,

Algoma. Peck vid.

Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. The species is variable as to form

and color. The commonest form is figured by Holland, Atlas Champ.,

PI. 48, fig. 102, Some specimens have white gills and greasy, hygro-

phanous caps. These might be called C. butyracea. Cf. Cooke, Illust.,

PI. 143. On the ground among leaves, and cespitose near old logs,

August, Foscora; Krohn’s Lake, Algoma.

Collybia fusipes Fr. The most characteristic features of the spe¬

cies are the ventricose stipe and the manner in which the gills pull

aw'ay from the stem in groups attached to a collar. This is well

shown by Buliiard, Hist. Champ., Pis. 36 and 106, p. 612; Paul., Icon.

Champ., PI 50 figs. 1. 2; Bolt., Hist. Fung., PI. 129. Most other figures

show much longer stems which taper downward several inches. Tim-

ble’s woods, October. Algoma.

Collybia lacunosa Pk. Specimens o.5— 2 cm. broad, 2-4 cm. high,

golden yellow throughout with the exception of the whitish gills, were

found frequently on coniferous logs. The plants dry with little loss of

color or form. The species is rather tough for one of this genus.

Specimens at the New York Botanical Garden, very similar to ours,

having the same scabrous stipe, have bden called Omphalia scabriuscula

Pk. Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma. Peck vid.

Collybia laxipes Fr. This is a slender, symmetrical little plant

with a velvet-coated stipe and flesh-colored pileus which is viscid in

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Y\7is. 813

moist weather. Very similar forms are figured by Cooke, Illust., PI.

191 B; Gillet, Champ. Fr. Common in wet we'ather, July, Perry's

woods, Algoma.

CoHybia myriadophylla Pk. The gills are very close together, of

fine texture and of delicate lilac color which turns brown in drying.

Hard, Mushrooms, p. 115, fig. 85, gives a good figure. On old logs,

Schmeiling’s, July, Algoma.

CoHybia platyphylla Fr. Common in all woods. Krohn’s Lake,

June, Algoma; Lone Rock, Mauston.

Collybia radicata Rehl. Common in wmods near stumps, Heuer’s,

August, Algoma; in a cistern, November, Algoma.

Collybia radicata furfuracea Pk. On account of the furfuraceous

coat of the pileus and stipe, some of these specimens, 10-14 cm. broad

and 44-55 cm. high, might be referred to this variety. The outer layer

of the stipe is much checked and cracked. Krohn’s Lake, August,

Algoma.

Collybia velufipes Curt. On logs and stumps all seasons of the

year, March to January, Algoma.

Collybia zonata Pk. On hemlock logs, Krohn’s Lake, Algoma,

August.

Mycena acicula Schaeff. Fries, leones, PI. 85, fig. 3, gives a good

illustration of this brilliantly colored little fungus. Otto’s woods, Au¬

gust, Algoma.

Mycena alcalma Fr. Otto’s woods, August, Algoma.

Mycena capillaris Schum. This form is pure white throughout,

1-2 mm. broad, with a thread-like stem. On old bark among leaves,

Perry’s Swamp, July, Algoma; campus woods, June, Madison.

Mycena corticola Fr. On old stub in pasture lands, Detjen’s,

April, Algoma.

Mycena cyanothrix Atk. Nelson’s woods, July, Mauston.

Mycena epipterygia Scop. In these forms the pileus is pinkish at

the apex and grayish at the margin. On leaf mould, Schmeiling’s,

August, Algoma.

Mycena galericulata Scop. Common on old stumps, Detjen’s, May,

Algoma.

Mycena. haematopa Pers. On old logs, Fluno’s bluff, July, Maus¬

ton; Devine’s vmods, August, Algoma.

Mycena Leaiana Berk. The whole plant is deep salmon color.

Cespitose on stumps and logs, Otto’s woods, June, Algoma.

Mycena polygramma Bull. Schmeiling’s grove, July, Algoma;

Fluno’s woods, July, Mauston; cemetery woods, June, Madison.

Mycena puna Pers. A number of cespitose specimens growing in

dense shade had perfectly white stems and gills, with the typical pink¬

ish, purple, or lilac caps. The more common forms are lilac colored

814 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

throughout, the gills becoming ochraceous with age. Such plants are-

figured by Rolland, Atlas Champ., PI. 52, fig. 113. Perry’s woods, Aug¬

ust, Algoma.

Mycena rugosa Fr. On decayed logs, Melchior’s woods, Novem¬

ber, Algoma.

Mycena succosa Pk. On coniferous logs, Krohn’s Lake, Septem¬

ber, Algoma.

Omphalia campanella Batsch. On logs, May to September, Maus-

ton, Kilbourn and Algoma.

Omphalia epichysium Pers. The pileus is funnel shaped, smoky-

gray, 2-3 cm. broad. Krohn’s lake, Dvorak’s, August, Algoma.

Pleurotus applicatus Batsch. On wood, Schmeiling’s woods, Aug¬

ust, Algoma.

Pleurotus angustatus Berk. On decayed logs and stumps,,

Schmeiling’s swamp, June, Algoma.

Pleurotus cornucopioides Fr. The gills form ridges running down

the stem, which is roughly strigose at the base. The spores are lilac-

colored in mass as are those of P. sapidus. Figures by Paulet, Icon.

Champ., PI. 28, and Boudier, leones Mycol., no. 374, resemble our forms.

On stumps and logs, Otto’s woods, August and September, Algoma.

Pleurotus dryinus Fr. On logs, Devine’s woods, September, Al¬

goma.

Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. The spores are pure white in

mass. Hussey, Illust., PL, 19, may be considered typical for our forms.

On maple logs, September, Casco.

Pleurotus petaloides Bull. On decayed wood among moss, Otto’s

woods, May, Algoma.

Pleurotus porrigens Pers. This species may become 2-3 cm.

broad without having any indication of gills. At this stage they re¬

semble white discomycetes. On decayed logs, Devine’s woods, August,

Algoma. Peck vid.

Pleurotus sapidus Kalch. Common on logs, Fish Creek; Heuer’s

woods, September, Algoma.

Pleurotus serotinus Schaeff. On limbs and logs, September, Fos-

cora.

Hygrophorus Bresadolae Quel. In all of the young specimens

there is a distinct veil which forms an annulus which disappears as

the plant becomes fully expanded. Peck’s description and figure of

H. speciosus Pk., Rep. Mus. 53, PI. 51, well represent this form, ex¬

cept as to the annulus. Bresadola, Fung. Mang., PI. 9, shows a rather

permanent ring, but his figures seem to be of only partially expanded

plants. Under tamarack along the Ahnapee river, October, Algoma.

Bresadola vid.

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Wis. 815

Hygrophorus cantharellus Schw. Among decayed leaves and

■wood, Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

Hygrophorus chlorophanus Fr. On ground in damp places, Blah¬

nik’s swamp, July, Algoma; June, Blue Mounds.

Hygrophorus coccineus (Schaeff.) Fr. In grass under maple,

Schmeiling’s woods, August, Algoma.

Hygrophorus conicus (Scop.) Fr. The viscid conical caps are

often greenish black when growing. On the ground, Fish Creek;

Schmeiling’s woods, August, Algoma.

Hygrophorus eburneus (Bull.) Fr. The pileus is shining white

from the slimy substance that covers it in wet weather. The gills,

which are at first pure white, become cinnamon brown in drying.

September, Foscora; Schmeiling’s woods, Algoma.

Hygrophorus hypo the jus Fr. Gillet, Champ. France, figures a

plant which represents this form. The pileus is olivaceous and is cov¬

ered with a bluish sticky slime. The flesh becomes rose-colored in

drying or decaying. Boudier, leones My col., PI. 33, no. 2^0, shows the

characteristic crooked stipe. Under leaves, Blahnik’s grove, August,

Algoma.

Hygrophorus psittacinus Fr. The flesh is thin, so that the gills

show through the pileus. Boudier, leones Mycol., PI. If2, represents

the forms considerably larger. Under tamarack, Danek’s woods, Sep¬

tember, Algoma.

Hygrophorus pratensis Fr. Common on grassy knolls near Blah¬

nik’s woods, October and November, Algoma.

Hygrophorus puniceus Fr. Some forms of the plant resemble

H. 'corncus except that the reddish-yellow to scarlet colors are well re¬

tained in drying. Schmeiling’s grove, August, Algoma.

Lactarius deliciosus Fr. The large forms are not as highly col¬

ored as usually figured for the species. Common in Otto’s woods, Aug¬

ust, Algoma. At Fish Creek the typical forms are occasionally found.

Lactarius griseus Pk. Devine’s swamp and Perry’s woods, Sep¬

tember, Algoma.

Lactarius hygrophoroides B. & C. On the ground, Blahnik’s

woods, September, Algoma.

Lactarius indigo Schw. This is a rare species at Algoma, only

one well characterized specimen having been found. September, Shaw’s

woods, Foscora.

Lactarius pergamenus Fr. In open woods, August, Algoma.

Lactarius piperatus Fr. Abundant in pastured woods, Schmeil¬

ing’s, August, Algoma; Fluno’s Bluff, July, Mauston.

Lactarius scrohiculatus Scop. This is a very large and coarse

Lactarius. The cap is covered with coarse, glutinous hairs, especially

at the margin. In wet weather the pileus has two or three watery

816 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

zones. The milk is white, soon changing to greenish yellow, and is

not strongly acrid. The pittied stipe and coarse hairs are well shown

by Krombh., Schwam. PI. 58, fig's. 1-6. Specimens found in ope'n

places are nearly white, those in deep woods are yellowish. Schmeil-

ing’s woods, August, Algoma.

Lactarius subdulcis Fr. Cooke, Illust., PI. 1002, figures the forms

which grow abundantly in Riverside swamp, October, Algoma.

Lactarius torminosus Schaeff. Fresh plants are nearly white;

the reddish zones of the pileus are seen only when the flesh is broken

or the plants are dry. Rolland, Atlas Champ., PI. 33, fig. 63, illustrates

characteristic specimens. Frequently found to be parasitized by Hy~

pomyces. Common in Blahnik’s woods, September, Algoma.

Lactarius trivialis Fr. The quantity of milk in the species is

variable. During dry weather large specimens growing in sandy soil

contained only slight amounts. Mile bluff, June, Mauston.

Lactarius vellereus Fr. This species grows in dense clusters in

old roads. Most plants have a stipe only 4-5 cm. long, with pileus 10-

14 cm. broad. Boudier, leones Mycol., PI. 49, no. J7, figures such forms,

except that there are no red spots on the gills and the pileus is more

tomentose. Blahnik’s woods, August, Algoma.

Lactarius volemus Fr. On the ground in wet places, Krohn’s

lake and Blahnik’s woods, September, Algoma.

Lactarius zonarius (Bull.) Fr. Specimens of this species grow to

be 20 cm. across and when dry show 5-15 distinct zones, which in

fresh plants are watery rings in the flesh. The milk is white, slightly

acrid, with no change of color. The spores are white. The flesh is

firm and free from larvae. Quantities were cooked and found tough

and of a strong flavor but not poisonous. There is just such a ten¬

dency for the plants to grow in pairs as is figured by Bulliard, Herb.

Fr., PL 104 ■ Abundant under white cedar in extremely dry weather

when other gilled mushrooms were scarce. Dewey’s spring, August,

Algoma. Peck vid.

Russula adusta Fr. Mile Bluff, June, Mauston; Otto’s woods,

August, Algoma.

Russula alutacea Fr. Ihlenfeld’s woods, August, Algoma.

Russula atropurpurea Pk. Schmeiling’s grove, August, Algoma;

Mile Bluff, June, Mauston.

Russula citiina Fr. On decayed logs and on wood strewn earth,.

Blahnik’s swamp, August, Algoma.

Russula decolorans Fr. On decayed logs, August, Algoma. Peck.

vid.

Russula delica Fr. Shaw’s woods, August, Algoma; Mile Bluff,

August, Mauston.

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Wis. 817

Russula emetica Fr. Our forms are exceedingly large for the

species, 10 cm. broad and 12 cm. high. The plants are fragile and the

flesh very peppery, but they are edible when cooked. Shaw’s swamp,

September, Foscora; Stewart’s pasture swamp, July, Mauston.

Kussula foetens Pers. Chadwick’s woods, July, Mauston; com¬

mon in Blahnik’s woods in August, Algoma.

Kussula fragilis Pers. This species seems to be similar in color

and taste to R. emetica, but the flesh is white under the pellicle and

the plants are much smaller. Roadsides near Little Sturgeon, August.

Kussula integra Fr. Mile Bluff, August, Mauston; Tornado, Sep¬

tember, Rosiere.

Kussula nigricans Fr. Fluno’s woods, August, Mauston.

Kussula olivacea Fr. Van Wie’s Park, August, Mauston.

Russula roseipes (Seer.) Bres. Mile Bluff, July, Mauston.

Kussula sordida Pk. Under coniferous trees, July, Fluno’s Bluff,

Mauston.

Kussula virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. Ihlenfeld’s woods, September;

Mile Bluff, June, Mauston.

Cantharellus aurantiacus Fr. The color varies from bright or¬

ange, when growing on the ground in open places, to brown, when

growing on hemlock logs. Abundant in Danek’s woods, August, and at

Krohn’s Lake, September, Algoma.

Cantharellus brevipes Pk. Under oak, Tornado, September, Kohl-

berg.

Cantharellus cibarius Fr. The apricot odor is present in the Al¬

goma specimens. Common at Mile Bluff, August, Mauston.

Cantharellus ciimabarinus Schw. The cinnabar color of the ex¬

terior is in striking contrast to the pure white flesh. Devine’s woods,

August, Algoma.

Cantharellus mfundibuliformis Scop. Mile Bluff, June, Mauston.

Cantharellus minor Pk. The plants are scarcely 2 cm. high and

1 cm. broad. They are yellowish-orange, turning brown in drying.

Detjen’s pasture in open grove, September, Algoma.

Myctalis asterophora Fr. On Russula nigricans, Fluno’s Bluff,

August, Mauston.

Marasmius minutus Pk. The pilei were densely covered with

rough spherical spores of some parasitic fungus. Each pileus has about

four or five gills. On decayed leaves in damp places in Perry’s alder

swamp, August, Algoma. Peck vid.

Marasmius coherens (Fr.) Bres. Growing in dense cluster under

alder, Algoma swamp.

Marasmius oreades Fr. This species is rare at Algoma. In grassy

spots along roadsides, September.

818 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

Marasmius perforans Fr. On hemlock leaves, Blahnik’s woods,

September, Algoma.

Marasmius rotula Scop. Common on bark and decayed wood,

Warner’s grove, September, Algoma.

Marasmius siccus Sckw. Among decayed leaves, Devine’s woods,

August, Algoma.

Marasmius urens Fr. Fluno’s woods, July, Mauston.

Lentinus cochleatus Fr. This species grows in dense clusters at

the bases of stumps. Schmeiling’s woods and Krohn’s Lake, September,

Algoma.

Lentinus Lecomtei Fr. (Panus rudis Fr.) On logs and stumps

Fluno’s woods, June, Mauston; Blahnik’s grove, September, Algoma.

Lentinus iepideus Fr. On docks and ties, and on roofs of houses,

July, Algoma.

Lentinus spretus Pk. These specimens were wrell dried when

found. They are 6-14 cm. broad. The surface of the pileus is cracked,

forming brownish scales. The center is entire, depressed or raised.

The gills are 1 cm. broad and decurrent. The stipe is very slender in

proportion to the size of the pileus, tapers downward, is solid, tough

and covered with brownish scales. Three of four plants were joined

together at the base of the stipe. On old saw-mill timbers, July, Cross-

ville, near Mauston.

Lentinus vulpinus Fr. On maple stumps, Belgian settlement,

August, Rosiere.

Panus conchatus Fr. Sessile forms with the twisted, shell-shaped

pileus are figured by Bulliard, Hist. Champ., PI. 298. We also have

such forms as are shown by Cooke, Illust., PI. 1149, Schaeff., leones

Fung., PI. JfS, 44- Krombh., Schwam. PL 4%, fiQs. 1 2, best represent

the forms that seem to run over to P. torulosus. On stumps, Blahnik’s

grove, September, Algoma.

Panus stipticus (Bull.) Fr. On stumps and fallen timber, Oc¬

tober, Casco.

Panus torulosus Fr. This plant has a violet colored pileus and

stipe as figured by Bolton, Hist. Fung., PI. 146. The gills are ame¬

thyst colored in all young specimens, the flesh is white and thick. On

stumps, Otto’s woods, July to September, Algoma.

Trogia crispa (Pers.) Fr. The specimens collected from tama¬

rack in December showed a reddish color at the point of attachment

when bruised, but this change of color does not seem to be present

in plants in the growing season. Perry’s swamp, Algoma.

Schizophyllum commune Fr. Common on old limbs, Devine’s

woods, June to August, Algoma.

Lenzites betulina Fr. Common on birch and poplar, Devine’s

woods, September, Algoma.

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Keivaunee Co., Wis. 819

Lenzites sepiaria Fr. Resupinate forms sometimes have thick gills.

On tamarack stumps, Detjen’s woods, May to October, Algoma.

Lenzites variegata Fr. This species seems to be very closely al¬

lied to L. betulina and may be only a variety. The pileus is sulcate

and beautifully zoned. The gills are thick and have a tendency to form

pores. Some forms are resupinate. Abundant on stumps of frondose

trees, October, Casco.

Lenzites vialis Pk. Pores of young specimens are whitish-lilac

and pruinose. On old rails near Catholic church, April, Algoma.

Volvaria bombycina (Pers. ) Fr. On maple log, Krohn’s Lake,

August, Algoma.

Volvaria pusilla Pers. A typical specimen of this species was

found among leaves in damp woods, although it is usually reported

as growing among weeds in gardens. Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

Volvaria speciosa Fr. A large number of fine plants appeared in

potato fields in June, 1805, none was found during the four succeeding

years. The species was found however in Sept. 1912, Algoma.

Pluteus cervinus Schaeff. The forms growing in saw-dust are

frequently 20 cm. broad. Several varieties of this species have been

found on logs and stumps. It is difficult to distinguish any constant

characteristics for them. Common, June to September, Algoma and

Mauston.

Pluteus granularis Pk. On logs, Schmeiling’s, July, Algoma.

Entoloma clypeatum L. On the ground, Detjen’s woods, May,

Algoma.

Entoloma jubatum Fr. Common in open woods, Blahnik’s, July,

Algoma.

Entoloma rhodopolium Fr. The gills are not adnate to the stem.

They barely reach the stem in large specimens and seldom show

marks of breaking away from it. One fairly constant character is the

abrupt bend at the base of the stem. Abundant in Otto’s woods, June,

Algoma; in mulching under hedges, June, Madison.

Entoloma strictius Pk. The pileus has a sharp umbo in all of

these plants. The stipe is tall, straight and slender. Peck and others

have reported the species as growing in autumn and we find what ap¬

pears to be the same species in May and June, Schmeiling’s woods,

Algoma.

Clitopilus abortivus B. & C. Dried plants have retained a very

strong, pleasant, mealy odor. No aborted forms have been seen.

Shaw’s sphagnum swamp, August, Foscora.

Clitopilus popinalis Fr. Bresadola considers C. noveboracensis

Pk. a synonym for this species. Young plants have oblong hygro-

phanous spots arranged somewhat concentrically on the pileus. The

whole pileus becomes greasy hygrophanous in old age. Although a

820 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

large number of specimens were set for spore prints, we were unable

to obtain spores enough to determine the color in mass. Even when

thoroughly cooked, the plants are strong and unpalatable. Devine’s

woods, August, Algoma. Bresadola vid.

Clitopihis prunulus Scop. Well illustrated by E. Michael, Fuehr.

Pilz., Ao. 52; Richon, Atlas Champ., PI. 36, figs. l~h- On the ground,

Danek’s woods, September, Algoma.

Leptonia asprella Fr. Among needles and moss under tamarack,

Riverside swamp, August, Algoma.

Leptonia serrnlata (Pers.) Fr. The gills are whitish, tinged with

azure-blue, serrate. The stipe is characteristically marked by rings

formed by the cracking of the outer coat. A very delicate species

whose distinctive points are destroyed in drying. Perry’s swamp, un¬

der tamarack and white cedar, September, Algoma.

Claudopus nidulans Pers. On decayed logs, cemetery woods,

June, Madison; Trumble’s woods, July, Mauston; Krohn’s Lake, Aug¬

ust, Algoma.

Pholiota adiposa Fr. Well figured by Berkeley, Out., PI. 8, fig. 2,

Grows on sides of logs and from decayed spots on living trees. Fel¬

low’s woods, August to October, Foscora.

Pholiota aegerita Brigant. The pileus cracks into areas showing

the yellow flesh. The spores are brick-red. Solitary, on maple logs.

Decker’s saw-mill, September, Casco.

Pholiota dura Bolt. The caps are 7—10 cm. broad, deeply cracked.

The stipe is solid and elastic. In gardens under rose bushes, June,

Algoma.

Pholiota margmata Pers. The common forms which grow in

woods are figured by Lanzi, Funghi Mang., PI. 76, fig. 2. In lawns and

frondose woods, June to August, Algoma.

Pholiota squamosa (Muell.) Fr. The foul, heavy odor ascribed

to this species by Stevenson, Brit. Fungi, p. 230, was noticed in a single

cluster of about twenty plants growing at the base of a maple tree.

In these the stipes were 10-20 cm. high and 1 cm. thick, not as roughly

scabrous as usually figured. The more common forms are such as are fig¬

ured by Hussey, Illust., PI. 8; Diet., Deutsch. Crypt., PI. 1^0; Rolland,

Atlas Champ., PI. 52. Belgian settlement, September, Kohlberg.

Pholiota squarrosoides Pk. The pileus is covered with rough,

erect scales. The stipe is rough and shaggy below the ring, smooth

above. A species much confused with the preceding. Those growing

in dry weather are not viscid and when dry are whitish with no change

of color. On logs, Otto’s woods, August, Algoma.

Inocybe asterophora Quel. The stipe has a separable pellicle and

a bulb wTiich gives it the appearance of Agaricus acetabulosa Sow.,

Eng., Fung., PI. 303. The spores are nodular, 10-11.5 microns in diam-

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Wis. 821

eter. Cooke, Illust., PI. 385, figures the forms which we found under

Osmunda, Nelson’s woods, Crossville, July, Mauston.

Inocybe geophylla violacea Pat. The sharp umbo and bright vio¬

let color of the pileus are well preserved in the dried specimens. Blah-

nik’s grove, September, Algoma.

Inocybe subochracea Pk. Common in thick woods, Algoma, Aug¬

ust.

Hebeloma crustuliniforme Bull. A species with clay-colored

spores which appeared in great numbers in all the groves about Madi¬

son in June and was found throughout the following July and August

at Mauston and Algoma.

Flammula fiavida Schaeff. On decayed logs, Schmeiling’s woods,

July, Algoma.

Flammula polychroa Berk. The margin of the pileus is decorated

with triangular scales. Those on the surface of the cap are purple

or purple-brown. The stem is curved when plants grow from sides

of logs or timbers, etc. Common. Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

Flammula sapinea Fr. Grows in clusters on coniferous logs,

Krohn’s lake, September, Algoma.

Naucoria horizontaiis Bull. Well illustrated by Sicard, Hist.

Champ., PI. 23, fig. 117. On sides of decayed stumps, Detjen’s woods,

June, Algoma.

Naucoria vemalis Pk. Common on logs, August, Otto’s woods,

Algoma.

Gaiera tenera Schaeff. Forms fairy rings on lawns or grows on

rubbish heaps in groves. Schaeff., leones, PI. 70, and Diet., Deutsch.

Crypt, PI. 157, give good figures. Common. Blahnik’s grove, August,

Algoma; July, Mauston.

Crepidotus croceophylhis Berk. The gills are bright salmon to

orange-colored, comparatively broad. The tawny-olive pileus and fer¬

ruginous spores together with the bright gills make it a species easily

recognized. On logs with C. malachius, June, cemetery woods, Madison..

Crepidotus fulvo-tomentosus Pk. Common on dead limbs,,

Krohn’s Lake, June to August, Algoma.

Crepidotus malachius B. & C. The striations on the margin are"

not alwmys apparent. The soft, whitish skin is usually covered with

brown spore’s. Common on decayed logs, Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

Crepidotus mollis Schaeff. The watery margin seems to be quite

a constant character even in dry weather. Berkeley, Out., PI. 9, fig. 69

represents the common form. On decayed trunks, Schmeiling’s swamp,

August, Algoma.

Crepidotus versutus Pk. A small white species common from

June to October on dead limbs. Melchior’s woods, Algoma.

Cortinarius cinnamomeus Fr. Otto’s woods, June, Algoma.

822 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

Cortinarius corrugatus subsquamosus Pk. The reddish spots and

corrugations on the pileus are the identifying marks. On the ground

in mixed woods, Fluno’s Bluff, July, Mauston.

Cortinarius lilaciims Pk. The stipe is solid and bulbous, much

more slender than that of C. violaceus. The whole’ plant is lilac-col¬

ored but fades in drying. On bogs, Stewart’s woods, July, Mauston;

Alaska lake, August, Alaska.

Cortinarius purpurascens Fr. The flesh of the pileus and stipe

turn deep purple when bruised. Clustered in dry places, Blahnik’s

woods, September, Algoma.

Cortinarius sebaceus Fr. The pileus is whitish to alutaceous, the

remainder of the plant white throughout, the gills remaining white

even after t*he salmon-rust-colored spores have traced a ring on the

stipe. On the ground under birch, Ihlenfeld’s grove, September, Al¬

goma.

Cortinarius violaceus Fr. Lanzi, Fung. Mang. PL 61, fig. 1. and

Schaeff., leones, PI. 3, illustrate this common species. Among grass in

open places, Detjen’s woods, September, Algoma.

Paxillus corrugatus Atk. Easily identified by Atkinson’s figure.

Mushrooms, PL J+8, 1900. The spores are yellowish-ochre. On decayed

logs, Schmeiling’s woods, August, Algoma. Rare.

Paxillus atrotomentosus Fr. Under white cedar along banks of

.Lake Michigan, Braemer’s flats, August, Algoma.

Paxillus involutus (Batsch.) Fr. The pileus is frequently 15 cm.

broad. On the ground among needles under dense growth of young

coniferous trees, Schmeiling’s woods. A very much smaller and more

slender variety showing rusty-purple stains on the stipe and pileus was

found on logs, Krohn’s Lake, September, Algoma.

Bolbitius fragilis Fr. The gills are watery and deliquesce after

one or two hours but they do not dissolve. The margin of the pileus

is striate. On dung, after rains, Ray’s pasture, June, Algoma.

Agaricus campestris L. Rare. Kashbom’s pasture, September,

Rio creek.

Agaricus haemorrhoidarius Schulzer. The pileus is beautifully

adorned with pointed scales. The flesh of both the pileus and stipe

turns rose-red immediately after being bruised. On the ground under

leaves of beech and maple, Blahnik’s grove, September, Algoma.

Agaricus placomyces Pk. Hard, Mushrooms, p. 315, fig. 256, gives a

good figure of this plant. It grows in groups in pastures under oak

trees; July, Fluno’s bluff, Mauston.

Agaricus silvicola Vitt. The fresh specimens are white as figured

by Rolland, Atlas Champ., PI. 72, fig. 160. They turn yellow in' drying

without being bruised. Cooke, Illust., PI. 529. Common in woods, but

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Wis. 823

never occurs in plowed grounds or fields around Algoma. Stony Creek

Foscora; Krohn’s lake, August, Algoma.

Agaricus subrufescens Pk. The pileus is whitish, covered with

soft scales formed by bunches of short hairs, broad conical, 8-10 cm.

broad. The lower surface of the large annulus which hangs down

about 4 cm., is pinkish and furiuraceous. The stipe is hollow, en¬

larged at the base, 3 cm. thick at the lower end, flattened at the apex.

Said to be similar to A. fabaceus. Under beech, Blahnik’s grove, July,

Algoma.

Stropharia semiglobata Batseh. It is extremely difficult to find

any two characters differentiating this species from 8. stercorarius Fr.

They vary toward each other constantly. Forms with hollow stipes

frequently have spores 10-12 x 16-20 mic. Comparing figures, Sow. Eng.

Fung., PI. 2J/-8, Grev., Scot. Crypt, 6:344, and Cooke, Illust., PI. 113 ,

114, the external characters seem to be similar. Common on dung in

pastures, Erdman's farm, June to October, Algoma.

Hypholoma appendi culatum Bull. Common in lawns after rains,

June, Mauston and Algoma.

Hypholoma candolleanum Fr. The pileus is dark-brown, being

hjrgrophanous even in dry weather. Scattered along roads in woods,

June, Fluno’s farm, Mauston.

Hypholoma incertum Pk. On debris of old lumber piles in groves,

Blahnik’s July, Algoma. Peck vid.

Hypholoma perplexum Pk. Densely clustered on saw-dust, ve¬

neer factory, November, Algoma.

Hypholoma rugocephalum Atk. A very characteristic species

with spotted gills somewhat ochre-colored. The spores are purple-black,

inequilateral, pointed, 7-8 x 9-10 microns. The gills and spores indi¬

cate a relationship to the genus Panaeolus. On the ground, solitary, in

paths and open woods, Devine’s, September, AJgoma.

Hypholoma sublateritium Schaeff. Distinguished from the re¬

lated species by the solid or stuffed stipe and the soapy taste of the

flesh. In clusters or scattered over the grass around maple stumps,

Schmeiling’s grove, October, Algoma.

Psathyra maestiger B. & Br. The pileus is 2 cm. broad and high,

date-brown, hygrophanous. The characteristic breast-shaped pileus is

well shown even in the dried plants. The stipe is 0.4 x 7-15 cm., brittle,

fiocculose at the apex. Remnants of a veil cling to the margin of the

pileus, although there is no ring on the stipe. The spores are deep-

purple, blunt elliptical, 4-6 x 8-10 microns. In black mould in a hol¬

low log, by a roadside in open woods, September, Casco.

Fsilocybe foenisecii Pers. On lawns and meadows, July, Algoma.

Psilocybe spadicea Schaeff. On rubbish heaps, Blahnik’s grove,

September, Algoma.

824 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

Coprinus atramentarius Fr. Common in dense clusters under

alder in pastures and in newly made lawns, June to August, Algoma.

Coprinus comatus Fr. It required four days for one plant to

reach maturity, when it was 25 cm. broad. Perry’s lumber yard, Aug¬

ust, Algoma.

Coprinus ebulbosus Pk. (Coprinus picaceus ebulbosus Pk.). Hard,

Mushrooms, p. 33 6,fig. 274, gives a good figure of the specimen found in

cemetery woods, June, Madison.

Coprinus ephemerus Fr. There is little substance to the gills or

caps. The species grow in hot-beds and around horse stables; each

day’s crop turns to ink and disappears in a short time. April to June,

Algoma.

Coprinus micaceus Bull. The gills are purple-brown in most of

the Algoma plants. Peck says that the spores are sometimes blackish-

brown. The gills do not deliquesce unless the air is moist. On lawns,

dirt-covered poles in pastures and around stumps in woods, May to

August, Algoma.

Coprinus ovatus (Schaeff. ) Fr. A form which springs up in gar¬

dens and soon turns black. The ring is inconspicuous and the stipe

deeply rooting. July, Mauston.

Coprinus plicatilis Fr. This species grows in mulching under rose

bushes. It is well illustrated by Sowerby, Eng. Fung. PI. 364. Eppling’s

yard, July, Algoma.

Panaeolns papilionaceus Fr. Common on dung in groves, June,

Schmeiling’s, Algoma.

Panaeolus retirugis Fr. This differs from the preceding species

in having large fragments of the veil attached to the margin of the

pileus, which is wrinkled and not cracked into areas. Figures by At¬

kinson, Mushrooms, PI. 11, fig. 4 5, Gille't, Champ. Fr. On dung,

Detjen’s pasture, June to November, Algoma.

BOLETINEAE.

Boletinus paluster Pk. [ Boletinellus paluster (Pk.) M.] The spec¬

imens are not as bright red as figured by Peck, Kept. 23, PI. 6, figs.

4~6. In Sphagnum swamps, Blahnik’s, November, Algoma.

Boletinus pictus Pk. The ochre-colored spores and larger, more

angular pores distinguish this species from B. spectabilis wThich grows

in the same locality. Under cedar and tamarack, Ahnapee river swamp,

September, Algoma.

Boletinus porosus (Berk.) Pk. [Boletinellus merulioides (Schw.)

M.] A species with large, angular, golden-yellow tubes. Shaw’s

swamp, September, Foscora.

Bodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Wis. 825

Strobilomyces strobilaceus Berk. In dense woods around Maus-

ton, June to September. Not found at Algoma.

Boletus bicolor Pk. [Ceriomyces bicolor (Pk.) M.] Not common.

North side of Mile Bluff, August, Mauston.

Boletus Americauus Pk. Among grass in open places, Detjen’s

swamp woods, September, Algoma.

Boletus chrysenteron Bull. [ Ceriomyces communis (Bull.) M.]

Along banks in gulleys and ravines, July, Mauston; in open groves,

Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

Boletus Olintonianus Pk. The Bohemians call this the “butter

mushroom.” Common under tamarack after the first rains in Septem¬

ber. Algoma.

Boletus cyanescens Bull. \Gyroyorus cyanescens (Bull.) M.] Fre¬

quently found with two or three joined together at the base of the

stipe. In sandy soil, Robinson’s bulff, June, Mauston; Stony Creek,

September, Foscora.

Boletus elbensis Pk. The entire plant is whitish-gray. The pileus

is covered with a brown glutinous substance. The flesh is thick, but

is so soft and spongy that the Bohemians will not eat even the young

specimens. The tubes are large, angular and frequently compound.

Their arrangement in irregular radiating rows would suggest that the

species should be placed in the genus Boletinus. The stipe is clothed

with a furry coat somewhat resembling that of Strobilomyces strobila¬

ceus. The flesh of both stipe and pileus sometimes changes color to

a blue-green when bruised, but this character is not at all constant in

the plants found growing several seasons in the same location. It is

a very distinct species and one easily identified. Under tamarack and

cedar in low swamps along the Ahnapee river, September, Algoma.

Peck vid.

Boletus edulis Bull. ■[. Ceriomyces crassus (Batt.) M.] The lilac-

purple stains on the stipe and pileus are present where the plants have

been bruised as usually described for B. eximius. The tubes are green¬

ish-white, the young forms having the mouths stuffed. The stipe is

never enlarged at the base and is always delicately reticulated, at least

on the upper half, thus suggesting B. affinis. We have referred speci¬

mens, collected in the same locality, with pileus deeply cracked into

pyramidal areas, to B. frustulosus. Under boards, logs and in grassy

places, under beech and maple along the border of Blahnik’s grove,

August, Algoma,

Boletus felleus Bull. •[ Tylopilus felleus (Bull.) M.] Heuer’s

woods, August, Algoma. Small forms in low grounds, Stewart’s swamp,

July, Mauston.

Boletus frustulosus Pk. •[ Ceriomyces frustulosus (Pk.) M.j In

these specimens the pileus is whitish, or tinged with brown, cracked

826 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

deeply into polygonal areas, showing tho white flesh underneath. They

agree exactly with “Type No. 1” of the species collected by Under¬

wood, and it may he that the description should be enlarged to include

the forms listed above under B. edulis. Plants growing in dry sod

where there was little shade would naturally become deeply cracked.

Under beech, south edge of grove, Blahnik’s, August, Algoma.

Boletus glabeilus Pk. [ Geriomyces miniato-olivaceus (Frost) M.]

Under pine, along pasture borders, Fluno’s bluff, June, Mauston.

Boletus luridus Schaeff. {Suillellus luridus (Schaeff.) M.] The

stipe is* merely dotted with fine points and not reticulated, dark-red or

yellow. The tubes are minute with uneven cinnabar-red mouths. The

quick change of color of the flesh to dark blue when broken is very

characteristic. Under beech and maple, Blahnik’s grove, August, Al¬

goma.

Boletus n ire us Fr. A variety of the rough-stiped form which is

white throughout. It is much smaller than B. scaber and has only a

rough stipe in common with that species1 and B. punctipes. This white

form seems to be a distinct species with constant characters. Under

alder and tamarack, Detjen’s swamp, September, Algoma.

Boletus piperatus Bull. •[ Geriomyces ferruginatus (Batsch.) M.]

Where snails had eaten the tubes, the flesh was rose-pink. The tubes

at the margin are 5-6 mm. long, giving the plants a blocky appearance.

Murrill, Mycologia, PI. 19, fig. 2, gives an excellent figure of this spe¬

cies. Common on mossy hummocks, Blahnik’s grove, August, Algoma.

Boletus Russellii Frost [Ceriomyces Russellii (Frost) M.] North

side of Mile Bluff, August, Mauston.

Boletus scaber Bull. •[ Ceriomyces viscidus (L.) M.] Common in

mixed woods, Ihlenfeld’s, July to September, Algoma.-

Boletus spectabilis Pk. The pileus is covered with a reddish fur¬

like tomentum which cracks into patches forming triangular scales

which are easily rubbed off. In wet weather these patches are jelly-

like. The lavender colored veil, which covers the tubes at first, melts

into a jelly as the plant ages. The purple-brown spores are charac¬

teristic of the species. The Bohemians will not eat this Boletus. In

swramps along the Ahnapee river, September, Algoma.

Boletus subluteus Pk. In sandy soil under pine and oak, Fluno’s

Bluff, August, Mauston.

Boletus subtomentosus L. *[. Geriomyces subtomentosus (L.) M.]

Common around Mile Bluff, July, Mauston.

Boletus sphaerosporus Pk. This species was found growing

abundantly in grassy places along the drive in the University grounds

during the first weeks in June. The appearance of young specimens

is uninviting owing to the purplish slime which covers the thick leath¬

ery veil extending from the stipe to the margin of the pileus. The

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Wis. 827

edibility of the species was carefully tested. The flesh is solid, free

from larvae and of excellent flavor when broiled or fried. Old plants

are dry and spongy and would not be gathered for food. The annulus

was not white in any of the specimens seen. Madison.

Boletus versipellis Fr. The constant characters of this species as

we find it which serve to distinguish it from B. scaler are the bright

rusty-orange color of the pileus, the appendiculate margin of the same

color as the pileus, the quick change of color of the flesh to a “cop¬

pery-red” or purple, the more coarsely roughened stipe, the dark points

often arranged in reticulations, and the lighter colored and smaller

spores. The pores may be either yellowish or white in young forms.

The stipe becomes greenish or purple after being broken, finally be¬

coming blackish. In young forms the pileus is scarcely broader than

the stipe when the latter is full grown at this period. E. Michael,

Fuehr. Pilz. No. 4, Bresadola, Fung. Mang., Pll 93, Pat. Tab. Anal.,

fig. 666, Ric-hon, Atlas Champ., PI. 54, fig'c. 4> 5, 7, are all good illus¬

trations of these forms. Common under beech and alder, Ihlenfeld’s

woods, July to September, Algoma.

Boletus granuiatus L. [Rostkovites granulatus (L.) Karst.] Under

pine and hemlock, Schmeiling”s woods, September, Algoma.

POLYPORACEAE.

Polyporus adustus (Willd.) Fr. •[ Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.)

Karst.] Common on old logs and stumps, September, Kohlberg.

Polyporus arcularius (Batsch.) Fr. On old limbs, Shaw’s woods,

Foscora. Rare.

Polyporus betulinus Fr. •[ Piptoporus suberosus (L.) M.] Com¬

mon on birch stubs, Devine’s woods, August, Algoma.

Polyorus borealis Fr. [ Spongipellis borealis (Fr.) Pat.] On logs,

Detjen’s woods, May, Algoma. Rare.

Polyporus brumalis (Pers.) Fr. •[Polyporus polyporus (Retz.) M.]

Common on old logs and sticks, Detjen’s, October, Algoma.

Polyporus caesius (Schrad.) Fr. ■[ Tyromyces caesius (Schrad.) M.]

Our forms are rather large for the species, frequently being 10-12 cm.

broad. On logs, Heuer’s woods, September, Algoma.

Polyporus chioneus Fr. •[Tyromyces chioneus (Fr.) Karst.] On

dead maple, Schmeiling’s woods, August, Algoma. Common.

Polyporus circinatus Fr. Sections of several specimens of fungi

originally identified as P. tcmentosus showed the duplex character as¬

cribed to P. circinatus. Lloyd, Myc. Notes, p. 30, fig. 198, finds that

there is a distinct difference, and that the two species differ, as Fries

maintained. The color of the pileus in our forms varied from light

828 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

yellow to dark ferruginous brown. The stipe is usually eccentric.

Under tamarack and pine, Detjen’s woods, November, Algoma. Bresa-

dola vid.

Folyporus elegans (Bull.) Fr. Some of these forms have an even

and not umbilicate pileus with a thick blunt margin, and a short, more

or less eccentric stipe, as figured by Bulliard, Hist. Champ., PI. 12J^.

Other forms have a thin umbilicate pileus, 3 cm. broad, and a stipe

up to 12 cm. long. Common on old limbs, Detjen’s, September, Algoma.

Folyporus distortus Schw. [Abortiporus distortus (Schw.) M.] On

old stumps of deciduous trees, September, Krohn’s Lake, Algoma, Mur-

rill vid.

Folyporus fiavidus Pk. [Grifola fractipes (B. & C.) M.] The

pileus is 5-8 cm. broad, whitish to alutace'ous, faintly zoned, depressed

and slightly tomentose at the center. The pores are small, white, and

decurrent. Three or four stipes may arise from the common basal

mass. Fellow’s woods, September, Foscora.

Folyporus frondosus (Dicks.) Fr. •[ Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) M.]

On old stumps, August, Kohlberg.

Folyporus fragrans Pk. [Bjerkandera puberula (B. & C.) M.] On

old stumps, Ihlenfeld’s woods, September, Algoma. Murrill vid.

Folyporus fmnosus (Pers.) Fr. [Bjerkandera fumosa (Pers.)

Karst.] At the base of a living poplar, Blahnik’s woods, August, Al¬

goma. Murril vid.

Folyporus gilvus Schw. [ TIapalopilus cfilvus (Schw.) M.] Com¬

mon. On living maple, Devine’s woods, August, Algoma.

Folyporus guttulatus Pk. [ Tyromyces guttulatus (Pk.) M.] On

old coniferous logs, probably hemlock, Devine’s woods, August, Algoma.

Peck vid. Murrill vid.

Folyporus lac tens Fr. [ Tyromyces lacteus (Fr.) M.] On fallen

timber, Devine’s woods, September, Algoma. Murrill vid

Folyporus lentils, Berk. A small centrally stiped plant, 1-1.5 cm.

broad and 5 cm. high, with large angular whitish pores which are

decurrent. On limbs, Heuer’s woods, Algoma. Rare. Neumann vid.

Folyporus officinalis Fr. [ Fomes laricis (Jacq.) M.] There is

considerable doubt as to the correctness of the identification of the

specimen referred to here on account of its having been collected in

an apparently growing condition on a piece of slab of some coniferous

wood lying in a damp woodshed. The context is chalk-white and has

a very bitter taste like that of P. officinalis. July, Algoma.

Folyporus osseus Kalch. Several pilei are closely imbricate,

tapering downward to a common stipe-like portion. The flesh is soft

and watery in fresh specimens, at first white, drying alutaceous and

very hard. Shaw’s w oods, October, 1905. Krohn’s Lake, on con¬

iferous log, August, 1909, Algoma. Bresadola vid.

Bodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Wis. 829

- Polyporus picipcs Fr. [Poly poms fissus (Berk.) M.J. The pileus

varies from 2 cm. to 20 cm. broad and from 0.5 mm. to 10 mm. in

thickness at the center. The chestnut color of the pileus with the

blackish center, and the hard, brittle flesh of dry specimens’ are con¬

stant characters. On logs, Krohn’s Lake and Belgian settlement, July

and August, Algoma.

Polyporus resinosus (Schw.) Fr. [Fames annosus (Fr.) Cooke].

A thin, non-resinous liquid is usually found hanging in drops from the

pore surface of growing specimens. Such animals as mice and rabbits

will eat plants remaining on stumps during the winter. They are too

tough to eat even when well cooked. Common. On logs and stumps,

Blahnik’s woods, July to September, Algoma.

Polyporus Spraguei B. & C. [ Tyromyces Spraguei (B. & C.) M.]

On decayed logs, Krohn’s Lake, September, Algoma. Murrill vid.

Polyporus squamosus Fr. [Polyporus caudicinus (Scop.) M.].

One centrally stiped plant was collected from the top of a maple stump,

Blahnik’s grove, July, Algoma.

Polyporus subradicatus Murrill. The stipe is about 8 cm. long

and only 4-6 mm. thick, otherwise the description given by Murrill,

N. Am. FL, 9:63, applies well to this form. On the ground near a

log, Otto’s woods, July, Algoma. Murrill vid.

Polyporus sulphureus Fr. [Laetiporus speciosus (Batt.) M.].

Common. On logs, stumps, and on the ground, growing from buried

sticks. < July to September, Algoma.

Polyporus tomento'sus Fr. [Coltricia tomentosa (Fr.) M.]. Simi¬

lar to those identified as P. circinatus except that the flesh of the pileus

is not duplex. The whole plant is dark ferruginous. On the ground

among pine needles, Shaw’s woods, September, Algoma.

Polyporus umbtell'atus (Pers. ) Fr. [Grifola ramosissima (Scop.)

M.]. Rare. Detjen’s woods, September, Algoma. Neumann vid.

Polyporus varius Fr. Gillet, Champ. France, Bolton, Hist. Fung.,

PI. 83, 168, Grev., Scot. Crypt., 202, represent these forms. The pileus

is frequently 10 cm. broad with flesh 1-2 cm. thick, variously deformed

and doubled. On logs, June, Blue Mounds; Heuer’s woods, October,

Algoma.

Polyporus sp. Pileus 5 cm. broad, deeply umbilicate, light drab,

slightly squamulose, the margin strongly inrolled; flesh 1 mm. thick,

white, fragile; tubes hexagonal elongated radiately, 1 x 1.5-2 mm. across

and about 3 ,mm. long, decurrent; stipe central, brownish, 0.5 x 10 cm.,

rough tomentose toward the base; spores white, hyaline, smooth, ovoid,

5x6 microns. Peck refers the specimen somewhat doubtfully to P.

lentus Berk. Although the plant was fully developed, few spores were

obtained, and these differed materially from the spores of P. arcularius

Schw. On the ground, growing from buried wood. June, Blue Mounds.

830 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences f Arts, and Letters .

Gloeoporus conclioides Mont. Brought in on oak cord-wood, April,.

Algoma.

Merulius lacrymans (Jacq.) Fr. On under side of planks, Decker

dock, June, Algoma.

Merulius tremellosus Schrad. On bark of oak and on decayed

logs, Tornado, September, Kohlberg.

Polystictus biformis Klotz. [Coriolus biformis (Klotz.) Pat.].

On maple stumps, Danek’s woods, January, Algoma. Peck vid.

Polystictus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) Fr. [Pycnoporus cinnabarinus

(Jacq.) Karst.]. Figured by Bulliard, Hist. Champ., PI. 501, fig . 1. On

trunks and limbs, June to October, Algoma.

Polystictus cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. [Coltricia cinnamomea

(Jacq.) M.]. Common in sandy soil, June, Hale hill and Mile Bluff,

Mauston; Krohn’s Lake, July, Algoma.

Polystictus conchifer Schw. [ Poronidulus conchifer (Schw.) M.].

Both forms common on dead limbs, Krohn’s Lake and Danek’s woods,

October, Algoma.

Polystictus fibrillosus Karst. [Pycnoporellus fibrillosus (Karst.)

M.]. A form frequently reported as P. aurantiacus Pk. Occasionally

plants become much faded writh age. Rare. On coniferous logs, Oc¬

tober, Awe’s grove, Foscora.

Polystictus hirsutus Fr. [Coriolus nigro-marginatus (Schw.) M.]..

Common. On dead limbs, Otto’s woods, November, Algoma.

Polystictus pereimis (L. ) Fr. [Coltricia perennis (L.) M.] Well

illustrated by Rolland, Atlas Champ., PI. 89, fig. 197. On the ground,

Schmeiling’s grove, August, Algoma.

Polystictus pergamenus Fr. The violet color of the pore surface

of the young plant is a constant characteristic. Common on limbs,

logs and standing trunks of frondose treees, September, Algoma.

Polystictus pubescens (Schum.) Fr. [Coriolus pubescens (Schum.)

M.]. The pileus is coarsely pubescent and the whole plant is white*

with little change in drying. On decayed stumps, Krohn’s Lake, Sep¬

tember, Algoma. Murril vid.

Polystictus versicolor (L.) Fr. [Coriolus versicolor (L.) Quel.].

Good figures by Hussey, Illust., PI. 24, Schaeff., Incones, PI. 263, 268 *

and Rolland, Atlas Champ., PI. 96. Common. Danek’s woods, August,

Algoma.

Fomes applanatus Pers. [Elfvingia megaloma (Lev.) M.]. Sev¬

eral authors have held that the brown spores that are frequently found

on the pileus in growing seasons are conidia which arise from the up¬

per surface.. They are in reality basidiospores that have been borne

upward by air currents and deposited on the upper surface. Several

isolated plants were thoroughly cleaned and paper tacked over the

pileus. After a few days the papers were covered with the same

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Wis. 831

spores but none were found on the pileus under the papers. There are

.also several conflicting opinions as to the relation between the Amer¬

ican and the European forms of this species. Lloyd, Myc., Notes, No.

6, p. 60; Murrill, N. Am. FL, 9; 114; Moffatt, Bull. Nat. Hist. Surv.

7:108; Atkinson, Ann. Myc., 6: 17 9. Common on deciduous woods,

Algoma.

Fomes concliatus (Pers.) Fr. [ Pyropolyporus conchatus (Pers.)

M.J. On dead alder, Perry’s woods, August, Algoma.

Fomes connatus Schw. [Coltricia focicola (B. & C.) M.] On

stub of partially decayed beech, Devine’s woods, August, Algoma.

Fomes Everhartii Ellis & Gall. [ Pyropolyporus Everiuurtii (E. &

Gall.) M.]. Originally figured in Journal of Mycology, vol. V, 1889,

PI., 12. On old logs, Mile Bluff, July, Mauston.

Fomes foinentarius (L.) Fr. [fflfvingia fomentaria (L.) M.].

The pileus is light colored and only slightly sulcate. Sow. Eng. Fungi,

PI. 133, Gillet, Champ. Fr. PI. 46 7, are of this type. Devine’s

woods, on birch, September, Algoma. Lloyd, Myc. Notes, pp. 22, 341,

373, PI. 194 > describes a rare form that has a hard, shining, black,

strongly concentrically sulcate crust. He does not agree with Murrill

that it is F. fomentarius of advanced age and indurated. The sulca-

tions dip into the pore layers. Such specimens were found in June

at Mile Bluff, Mauston.

Fomes graveolens (Schw\) Cooke. [GloMfomes graveolens (Schw.

M.]. Hard, Mushrooms, p. 405, fig . 334, figures the black, shining,

overlapping pilei. Rare. On oak stub, Loomis woods, June, Mauston.

Fomes igniarius (L.) Gill. [Pyropolyporus igniarius (L. ) M.]

On oak, Coon Rock, July, Mauston.

Fomes lncidus Leys. [Ganoderma Tsugae M.]. A variable spe¬

cies, either sessile or long-stiped. The upper surface is often covered

with brown spores, as is that of F. applanatus. Atkinson, Bot. Gaz.,

46:334, 1908, discusses the variations of this species and considers

that the name Ganoderma pseudo-boletum (Jacq.) M. should be applied

to the American plants. Common. On trunks and stumps of Tsuga

canadensis, Krohn’s lake, August, Algoma.

Fomes nigricans Fr. On decayed poplar log, Trumble’s ravine,

July, Mauston.

Fomes imgulatus (Schaeff. ) Sacc. The margin is yellow or red¬

dish, depending on the season. In the spring of the year the pore lay¬

ers are easily separated from the pileus. On fallen tamarack trunks,

Detjen’s woods, April, Algoma.

Fomes roseus (A. & S.) Cooke. On sidewalks, and on trunks of

coniferous trees, Perry’s swamp, June, Algoma.

Baedalea ambigua Berk. [Daedalea Aesculi (Schw.) M.] On

fallen maple, Blahnik’s grove, August, Algoma.

832 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

Daedaiea confragosa (Bolt.) Pers. The pores are whitish-lilac

in fresh plants and are fairly regular, but with age become split in

lines forming gills. Such forms are sometimes called Lenzites cor-

rugata. On fallen birch, Krohn’s lake, August, Algoma.

Daedaiea obtusa (Berk.) Neumann. [ Spong ip ellis unicolor (Schw.)

M.]. The pileus may be either hoof-shaped with a thick margin, or

fiat-expanded with a thin margin. Full grown plants are ashy^white

in wet weather, the yellow colors appearing only in the dried speci¬

mens. They make good substitutes for sponges. Common on oaks,

August, Mauston.

Baedaies qnercina (L.) Pers. On oak stumps, Fluno’s bluff, July,

Mauston.

Daedaiea unicolor (Bull.) Fr. [Cerrena unicolor (Bull. M.].

Common on oak and maple stumps, June, Mauston; Runke’s woods,

August, Algoma.

Favolus alveolaris (DC.) Quel. [ Hexagona alveolaris (DC.) M.].

Other names: F. europaeus; F. canadensis; F. boucheanus. On hick¬

ory and beech, Danek’s, June, Algoma; Heineman’s, August, Mauston.

Favolus rhipidium Berk. Distinguished by its resemblance to

Panus stipticus. On blocks of hewn timber, Coon rock, June, Mauston.

Bolenia anomala (Pers.) Fr. Common on alder twigs, December,

Perry’s swamp, Algoma.

Poria Blytiii Fr. The pores are small, regular, cinnamon-colored.

Awe’s, September, Foscora. Bresadola vid.

Poria laevigata Fr. Perry’s swamp, December, Algoma.

Poria salmonicolor B. & C. Covered the under side of a hemlock

log for several inches. Krohns’ Lake, August, Algoma.

Poria subacida Pk. Common on old logs, Detjen’s woods, March

to August, Algoma.

Poria vulgaris Fr. Krohn’s Lake, September, Algoma. Neumann

vid.

Poria nigra Berk. On oak log, Mile bluff, July, Mauston. Mur-

ril, vid.

Trametes odorata (Wulf) Fr. Differs from T. protracta Fr. in

having much longer tubes, 4-8 mm., a blunt or sometimes rolled mar¬

gin, and in the color and character of the surface. Common. Otto’s

woods, September, Algoma.

Trametes protracta Fr. Well illustrated by Fries, leones, PI. 191.

His figure shows zonate marks on the pileus although it is not so de¬

scribed. A cross section is triangular, showing a thin margin. Perry’s

woods, October, Algoma.

Trametes Pini (Thore) Fr. [ Porodaedalea Pint (Thore) M.].

Common on living spruce, Perry’s swamp, August, Algoma. Well fig¬

ured by Sicard, Hist. Nat. Champ., PI. 60 fig. 307,

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co Wis. 833

Trametes rigid a Berk & Mont. Stony Creek, September, Foscora.

Trametes serialis Fr. Common on logs, Det jen’s woods, April,

Algoma.

Trametes stereoides Fr. On dead limbs, Runke’s woods, October,

Algoma.

HYDNEAE.

Hydnnm adustulum Banker ( Steccherinum adustulum Banker).

A small species with a cream colored, pubescent pileus marked with

brown zones. The stipe is eccentric in Algoma forms. On pieces of

wood among needles in swamps, under Larix and Thuja, Ahnapee river,

September, Algoma.

Hydnnm caput-ursi Fr. [ Manina caput ursi (Fr. ) Banker.]

The large tubercle is narrowed behind into a small point of attachment.

The branches are short and thick, 2_3 cm. long. Fries, Incones, PI. 7,

shows a good cross section view of the plant. A somewhat different

form is figured by Peck, Rept., 51. PI. 56, fig. 8-12. Otto’s woods,

September, Algoma.

Hydnnm coralloides Scop. [ Manina coralloides (Scop.) Banker.]

The whole plant branches into primary and secondary divisions, the

first devoid of teeth except where they are on slight protuberances or

abortive branches. May be confused with TI. caput-ursi on account of

the massive branches and long pendent teeth. Atkinson, Mushrooms,

PI. 67, fig. 185, 1900, has such a figure for H. caput-ursi. Schaeff,

leones, PI. Uf2 TI. coralloides is a good illustration of our specimens.

On oak and maple, Tornado, Kohlberg, September.

Hydnnm laciniatum Leers. The teeth are short, flexible and

slender, 2_5 mm. long. The branches are long, narrow, often anastom¬

osing, and having the teeth distributed uniformly on the lower sur¬

face. Bull., Hist. Champ., PI. 390 \ Peck, 48th Rept. PI. 2k fig. 11 IS,

Atkinson, Mushrooms, 1900, fig 18k, Mcllvaine, Am. Mush., PI. 13k,

represent the forms referred he're to H. laciniatum.

Hydnnm erinaceum Bull. On oak, Tornado, September, Kohl¬

berg,

Hydnnm fioriforme Schaeff. [ Hydnellum floriforme (Schaeff.)

Banker). The color of the pileus varies from light yellow to reddish

orange. Often reported as H. aurantiacum A & S. On the ground,

Heuer’s woods, August, Algoma.

Hydnnm graveolens Delast. [Phellodon graveolens (Delast.)

Banker]. On the ground, Shaw’s woods, September, Algoma. Com¬

mon.

Hydnmn rhois Schw. [8teccherinum rhois (Schw.) Banker].

On fallen limbs and on deciduous woods, September, Krohn’s Lake, Al¬

goma. On base of frog crates in zoological laboratory, June, Madison.

834 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

Hydnum ochraceum Pers. [Steccherihum ochraceum (Pers.>

Gray]. Common. On decayed limbs, Perry’s woods, December, Al-

goma.

Hydimrn imlcherrimum B. & C. [Steccherinum pulcherrimum

(B. & C.) Banker]. Young plants are pure white, sessile, sometimes

imbricate. A white milk exudes from wounded portions. This piilk

later becomes sticky and hardens, changing to reddish purple. Older

plants are yellowish, turning reddish in drying. Pieces of wood are

usually attached to collected specimens. Common on dead oak trees,

birch stumps, and on living maple. Mile Bluff, June, Mauston; Otto’s

woods, September, Algoma.

Hydnum repandum L. Common. On the ground under beech,

maple, etc., Schmeiling’s, June to August, Algoma.

Hydnum septentrionale Fr. [ Steccherinum septentrionale (Fr.)

Banker], Several pilei are closely imbricated forming a semiglobular

mass attached at a narrow vertical line. Plants often fall off from the

place of growth owing to their weight. On dead maple, Tornado, No¬

vember, Kohlberg.

Hydnum velutinum Fr. [ Hydnellum velutinum (Fr.) Banker].

The whole plant is soft and spongy, rusty-brown, tomentose. The sub¬

stance at the upper portion of the stipe is convex-transversely zoned.

The deformed and spongy stipe is well figured by Gillet, Champ. France,

PI. 324, Pat., Tab. An., fig. 617, Bull., Hist. Champ., PI. 453. Sometimes

referred to H. spongiosipes Peck. Common. Under pines, Detjen’s

woods, September, Algoma.

Irpex fuscescens Schw. (Irpex cinnamomeus Fr.) Common. On

dead alder, willow, etc. Perry’s swamp, Algoma.

Irpex lacteus Fr. On stumps, September, Casco.

Irpex tabacinus B. & C. Almost entirely resupinate, covering

the end of a large log, Tsuga canadensis. The teeth are long, 4-7 mm.,

whitish, seriate. The color of the plant is dark tobacco brown. Krohn’s

lake, August, Algoma.

Irpex tulipiferae Schw. On small dead limbs of various decidu¬

ous trees, Stony Creek, October, Algoma.

Phlebia merismoides Fr. The spores are subglobose, smooth,

white, minute, 3-4 microns. On under side of deciduous log. Detjen’s

swamp, April, Algoma.

Plilebia radiata Fr. Some forms do not show the radiating struc¬

ture of the folds. Common. On decayed logs,, Ihlenfelds’ woods, Sep¬

tember, Algoma.

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Keivaunee Co., W is. 835

THELEPHOREAE.

Thelephora caryophyllea (Schaeff.) Pers. A thin, coriaceous,

stipitate form with uneven or lacerated margin. The entire surface is

smooth and silky. Saunders & Smith, Myc. Illust., PI. 41, figs. 7-12 ;

Schaeff., leones, PI. 325. Blahnik’s grove, July, Algoma.

Thelephora intybacea Pers. Soft spongy plants, unevenly colored

purplish-brown, several growing together irregularly and climbing up on

small bushes. Sowerby, Eng. Fung., PI. 213; Bull., Hist., Champ., PI.

483. In Sphagnum swamps, November, Algoma.

Thelephora palmata Scop. On the ground, Hale’s woods, August,

Mauston.

Thelephora Schweinitzii Fr. Common on the ground in woods,

June to September, Mauston and Algoma.

Craterellus cornucopioides Fr. Mature specimens are sometimes

not over 2 cm. tall and 0.5 cm. broad. Lanzi, Fung. Mang., PI. II, fig . 5,

shows the more common large forms. On the ground, Van Deusen’s

woods and Mile Bluff, August, Mauston.

Stereum com plica turn Fr. Common on alder, Perry’s swamp, De¬

cember, Algoma.

Stereum fasciatum Schw. On logs and stumps, June to Septem¬

ber, Mauston and Algoma.

Stereum frustulosum Fr. On logs and stumps, Tornado, August,

Kohlberg.

Stereum hirsutum Fr. On fallen timber, Krohn’s Lake, August,

Algoma.

Stereum purpureum Pers. On fallen limbs of some deciduous

Stereum radians Fr. The pileus is covered with silky hairs,

tree, Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

radiately striate, 1-2 cm. broad. Seems to be similar to 8. sericeum

Schw. On twi'gs and limbs, Blahnik’s swamp, July, Algoma.

Stereum rufum Fr. On some coniferous stub, Perry’s swamp,,

December, Algoma.

Hymenochaete tabacina (Sow.) Lev. On dead limbs of willow.

Perry’s swamp, December, Algoma.

Hymenochaete ferruginea Bull. On logs, Blahnik’s swamp, July,

Algoma. Bull. Hist. Champ., PI. 378.

Coniophora suffocata (Pk.) Massee. The spores are subglobose,

8-10 microns, pinkish-ochraceous, completely covering the thin bladdery

hymenium. When the spore mass cracks, the wThitish subiculum is

seen as described by Moffatt, Bull 7, p. 11, Nat. Hist. Surv. Chi. On

charcoal, spreading out on leaves, September, Algoma.

Corticium cinereum Fr. On old maple limbs, August, Schmiel-

ing’s grove, Algoma.

836 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

Corticium laeve Fr. On dead branches, Heuer’s woods, August*

Algoma.

Corticium lilacino-fuscum B. & C. On dead willow, Belgian set¬

tlement, September, Kohlberg.

Corticium salicimim Fr. Common. On willow. Perry’s swamp,.

August, Algoma.

Cyphella pezizoides Zopf. On oak and maple leaves, June, Fos-

cora.

CLAVARIEAE.

Oavaria amethystina Bull. Berkeley, Out., Pi. 18, fig. 2, shows a

form with violet-colored branches having whitish tips. The much

branched forms as figured by Sicard, Hist. Champ, PI. 61, fig. 315., are

more common. Among grass under oak, Fluno’s Bluff, June, Mauston.

Clavaria cinerea Bull. Bull., Hist. Champ., PI. 351{. Rare.

Heuer’s woods, September, Algoma.

Clavaria grandis Pk. This species seems to be near C. tsugina

Pk, but has a very strong, heavy aromatic odor. On the ground among

coniferous logs, Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

Clavaria coronata Schw. The spines are stouter and firmer than

those of C. pyxidata which it resembles in having the cup-shaped tips

to the branches. On decayed log, Blahnik’s woods, July, Algoma.

Clavaria cristata Pers. Common. On decayed logs, Tornado,

September, Kohlberg.

Clavaria inaequalis Muell. Branches twisted and divided at the

apex as figured by Sowerby, Eng. Fung., PI. 253. In groups under dense

shade of alder, Stony Creek, September, Algoma.

Clavaria pulchra Pk. Small plants, 2 cm. high, slender club-

shaped. The spores are bright yellow. Similar to those growing on

earth in palm tub and identified by Dr. Peck. Krohn’s Lake, September,

Algoma.

Clavaria pyxidata Pers. Common. On logs and woody earth,

Krohn’s Lake, July to October, Algoma.

Clavaria stricta Pers. On wood-strewn earth, Krohn’s Lake, Au¬

gust, Algoma.

Clavaria tsugina Pk. Dark ochre to rusty brown, the tips whit¬

ish, sharp. Tendency to branch from one large, central, stipe-like por¬

tion. Abundant. On logs, Tsuga canadensis. Krohn’s Lake, August, Al¬

goma.

Clavaria sp. Pure white plants 1—2 cm. high with slender

branches. Solitary on leaves which were much decayed, Krohn’s Lake,

August, Algoma.

Bodge — Fungi from the Region of Ketvaunee Co.. Wis, 837

%

TREMEL LINE AE .

Exidia glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. Common on old limbs and cord-

wood, March to November, Algoma.

TremeUa albida Hud. On wet stumps and logs, Blue Mounds,

June; Detjens’ woods, September, Algoma.

TremeUa foliacea Pers. On dead limbs, Perry’s swamp, Decem¬

ber, Algoma; cemetery woods, June, Madison.

TremeUa frondosa Fr. Oh living tamarack, Ihlenfield’s woods,

September, Algoma.

Tremella fuciformis Berk. [ TremeUa reticulata (Berk.) Farlow.]

A large white, much-branched plant. On the ground, Runke’’s pasture,

August, Algoma.

Tremella intumescens Sm. Eng. Bot. Pinkish-watery when fresh,

then tawny brown. The spores are oblong, curved. Very common on

beech stumps after rains, Blahnik’s grove, August, Algoma.

Tremella lutescens Pers. On old wood, Otto’s woods, June, Al¬

goma. Rare.

Tremella mesenterica Retz. On oak bark, Mile Bluff, July,

Mauston.

Tremella mycetophila Pk. [ Exobasidium mycetophila (Pk.) Burt.]

On the pileus and stipe of Collyhia dryophila, Krohn’s Lake, August,

Algoma.

TremeUa sebacea Pers. On grass, July, Algoma.

NaemateUa encephala Fr. This specimen consists of about a

dozen curving folds forming a brain-like aggregation 7cm. across. The

nucleus of each fold is tough, white, elastic, 0.5-1 cm. wide and 2 cm.

high, sometimes branched. The nuclei of the folds run together into a

common base of similar consistency. Each fold is covered with a firm

gelatinous layer 1-1.5 cm. thick, which is about the color of boiled starch

and not flesh-colored as described by Fries, Syst. Myc., p. 227. Neither

is it reddish-brown until dry. When soaked in water the cluster of

folds swells to its original size and assumes a whitish color. The max¬

imum size has been given as. 3-6 lines, Alb. & Schw., Cons. Fung., p. 301,

but this may refer to a single fold. This cluster of folds is plainly a

single plant. A section through the plant resembles a section through

a brain. The external appearance is likewise brain-like. On living

tamarack at a point where a stub of a dead limb protruded. Detjen’s

woods, April 1, Algoma.

Tremellodon gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers. Common on hemlock

logs and stumps, Krohn’s Lake, August; Schmeiling’ woods, September,

Algoma.

838 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters .

Dacryomyces multiseptatus Beck. When moist the plants are

bright golden-yellow, but turn orange when dry. The spores are yellow,

curved, 6-9 septate, 6 x 20 microns. This may be Dacryomyces aurantia

(Schw.) Farlow. Common on old stubs, and at the base of living tam¬

arack and spruce, Perry’s swamp, June to September, Algoma.

Dacryomyces chrysocoma Bull. A form resembling a yellow dis-

comycete when moist. On old sticks and limbs, Detjen’s woods, Sep¬

tember, Algoma.

Dacryomyces deliquescens (Bull.) Duby. On decayed board,

Schmeiling’s grove, June, Algoma.

Calocera cornea Pers. Growing from cracks on logs and limbs

in wet weather. Common at Krohn’s Lake and Schmeiling’s woods,

June, Algoma.

Guepinia spathularia (Schw.) Fr. On bark, Otto’s woods, Al¬

goma.

GASTEEOMY CETES.

H YMENOGASTRE AE .

Hymenogaster rufus Vitt. Resembles a young puff-ball; 3 cm.

broad, whitish, changing to lilac-purple without and within when

bruised. The gleba is white, masked by an immense number of rusty-

brown spores. The spores are roughly reticulated, subglobose or blunt-

elliptical, 7 x 8-8.5 microns, with a blunt hyaline apiculus 1.5 microns

long, and a large central oil globule 3-4 microns in diameter. Among

needles, Schmeiling’s woods, September, Algoma. Bresadola vid.

Rhizopogon roseum Bres. in litt. This plant differs from R.

ruhescens in the character of the peridium and spores. The peridium

is persistent, smooth, dark brown, devoid of adhering branched fibres.

The cavities are minute. The spores are 3.5 x 12-13 microns. In sandy

soil, partially exposed, under pine near “Stand rock,” August, Kilbourn.

PHALLOIDEAE.

Dictyophora duplicata (Bose.) Fischer. The pileus is very

coarsely reticulated. The veil varies in length from 1 to 4 cm. In sand

roads, swamps, and near stumps in wmods. Common. Blahnik’s

grove, August, Algoma; Flunos’ pasture, June, Mauston.

Ithyphallus Ravenelii (B. & C.) Fischer. The denuded pileus is

scarcely wrinkled, not at all reticulated. There is a short, non-per-

forated veil which extends about one-third the length of the pileus and

Bodge — Fungi from the Region of Keivaunee Co., Wis. 839

can be seen by making a section of the pileus. The tapering stipe and

characteristic pileus are shown by Lloyd, Myc. Notes, PI. 115, Atkinson,

Mushrooms, PI. 74, fig. 202, 1900. Algoma.

Phallogaster saccatus Morg. The hymenophore is composed of

irregularly anastomosing bars and bands, pink or lilac. Spore mass

green, foul smelling. On decayed poplar log, Fluno’s woods, July, Maus-

ton.

LYCOPERDACEAE.

Calvatia caelata (Bull.) Morg. These puff-balls are usually

beaker-shaped as figured by Hollos, Gast. Ungar., PI. id, the young forms

having well developed rhizomorphs, PI. 15, fig. 12. The roughly warted

or cracked peridium is not constant. Lloyd, Gast., PI. 36 and fig. 39 ,

shows the external markings. The sterile portion occupies one-half to

three-fourths of the plant. Along roads and in pastures, September,

Algoma. Common.

Calvatia craniiformis (Schw.) Fr. The greenish-yellow spores

and the greater proportion of the sterile base distinguished this plant

from C. cyathiformis. There is no resemblance to a cranium. Schmeil-

ing’s pasture at the edge of woods, August, Algoma.

Calvatia cyathiformis (Bose.) Morg. The lilac-purple spores are

echinulate and larger in diameter than the capillitial threads. The

sterile portion occupies only a small part of the base. Perry’s pasture

September, Algoma.

Calvatia gigantea Batsch. Specimen 33 cm. across collected by

Melvin Perry in the woods. The spores are light rust-colored. The

sterile portion is small. M. Perry’s woods, September, Algoma.

Lycoperdon cepaeforme Bull. In dry sterile places in pasture,.

Mile Bluff, July, Mauston. Peck vid.

Lycoperdon cruciatum Roth. Among moss and grass in swamps,

under tamarack, September, Algoma.

Lycoperdon gemmatum Batsch. Common. On the ground and:

on decayed logs, Algoma.

Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. Seems to be a species quite distinct

from L. gemmatum. The manner in which the peridium tapers to a

well-formed stipe is very characteristic. Cespitose, in sandy soil,

Thompson’s woods, July, Mauston. Peck vid.

Lycoperdon pusillum (Batsch.) Fr. Devine’s woods among grass,

August, Algoma.

Lycoperdon pyriforme Fr. Common. On logs and stumps, Det-

jen’s woods, August, Algoma.

Lycoperdon umbriimm Pers. In swamps after rains, under cedar

and tamarack, Ahnapee river, September, Algoma, Peck vid.

840 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

Lycoperdon Wrightii B. & C. Peridium is white, covered with

rough polygonal warts. Figured in Mycologia, November, 1909. Sandy

soil, Mile Bluff, June, Mauston.

Bovista pila B. & C- Common in all pastures, September, Al-

goma.

Bovista plumbea Pers. Rare. F. Robinson’s pasture, June,

Mauston.

Geaster hygrometricus Pers. The rough spores and branched

capillitium of this species have been made the basis of a genus, As-

traeus, Morgan. On ground, Fish Creek, August. Not common.

Geaster limbatus Fr. This is often described as a black Geaster,

but that is the color of only the inner peridium. Hussey, Illust., fig¬

ures a form in Plate 2 which has a light gray inner peridium. Krohn’s

Lake, August, Algoma.

Geaster minimus Schw. The peristome and sharp beak are char¬

acteristic. Perry’s swamp, August; Belgian settlement, September,

Kohlberg.

Geaster rufescens Fr. Common. Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

Geaster pectinatus Pers. The inner peridium tapers into a slen¬

der pedicel which has a distinct collar at the base, and is marked by

several striae or ridges as figured by Lloyd, Geastrae, p. 15, figs. 20 22,

and Hollos, Gast. Ungar., PI. 8. Both writers report that the species

is a rare one. Along lake bank, Alaska, August, 1905; on upturned

stump, Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma, 1909.

Geaster saccatus Fr. Well illustrated by Lloyd, Geastrae, fig. 74,

for a variety of this species. Otto’s woods, June, Algoma.

Geaster triplex Jung. This is the most common Geaster at Al¬

goma. Schmeiling’s woods, August.

. X I DU L ABIE AE .

Crucibulum vulgare Tul. Common. On old sticks and on cow

dung, Warners’ grove, August, Algoma; Mile Bluff, June, Mauston.

Cyathus striatus Hoffm. Grows in dense clusters on old wood,

Trumble’s ravine, June, Mauston. These were of the form figured by

Rolland, Atlas Champ., PI. 109, fig. 246. A much less strigose form

nearly gray in color was found in a garden, Fellows’, June, Algoma.

Cyathus stercorarius Schw.) DeTon. On dung, Mile Bluff,

Mauston.

Cyathus vernicosus DC. Common. In grain fields, Algoma.

Dodge — Fungi from the Region of Keivciunee Co., Wis. 841

SCLERODERMEAE.

Scleroderma cepa Pers. A Wisconsin plant is figured by Lloyd,

Myc. Notes., p. 72, PI. SI. The outer surface is smooth and dark col¬

ored. The peridium is thick and hard. Seems to prefer growing

along beds of gullies formed in ravines by spring freshe'ts. Trumble’s,

June to September, Mauston. Bresadola vid.

Scleroderma tenerum Berk. ($. verrucosum minor Bres. in litt.) .

The peridium is soft and thin, the outer surface covered with delicate

scales. The color varies from white to purplish when bruised. Ripe

specimens are 0.5 cm. to 2 cm. broad. The spore mass may be lilac-

purple or rust-colored depending on how wet they are or in what state

of decay. Common. In grass under oak and on rich bogs under wil¬

low, Fluno’s bluff, June, Mauston.

Scleroderma verrucosum Pers. Not common. Melchior’s grove,

October, Algoma.

Scleroderma aurantium Pers. ($. vulgar e Fr.). Some forms

have no suggestion of a yellow color. Hussey, Illust., PI. 17, and Gil-

let Champ. Fr., figure these rough varieties which grow in beds of

Polytrichum, Fluno’s woods, June to August, Mauston. The New York

plants are deep golden yellow, writk‘ much' thinner peridium and a

longer stipe.

Mycenastrum corium Desv. The outer peridium cracks into areas

about one centimeter broad. The hollow shell remains a long time

after the spores have all escaped. In pasture lands, along lake bank,

September, Algoma.

Secotium acuminatum Mont. Rare. Alaska Lake, Alaska, Sep¬

tember.

ASCOMYCETES.

Elaphomyces granulatus Fr. Fresh specimens of this species were

found by Richard Detjen about January 1, while engaged in uprooting

alders. He reported that as the alders were very large he thought the

fungus was buried about six inches beneath the surface. The only

other specimen reported for the state was collected at Superior by

E. M. Gilbert. This latter specimen was infected with Cordyceps.

Algoma.

Nectria episphaeria (Tode) Fr. Parasitic on a species of Valsa

on limbs of Fagus, Blahnik’s woods, August, Algoma. Distributed as

no. 585c, Rehm, Ascom. Exs. Rehm vid.

842 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters .

Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. On old limbs of frondose trees,

Schmeiling’s grove. August, Algoma.

Nectria peziza (Tode) Fr. On decayed stumps, Detjen’s pasture,

June, Algoma; Cory’s lawn, June, Madison.

Sphaerostilbe cinnabarina Tul. In this species the perithecia

were thickly scattered over the bark at the base of a stump. Well

developed spores were found in the perithecia, but there was no evi¬

dence of a conidial form present. In cemetery woods. May, . Madison.

Rehm vid. Seaver vid.

Hypomyces apiculata Pk. On old leaves and rubbish, Krohn’s

Lake, August, Algoma. Seaver vid.

Hypomyces aurantius (Pers.) Tul. Completely covered large

specimens of Polyp or us frondosus which were in a foul state of decay,

cemetery woods, June, Madison.

Hypomyces chrysospermus Tul. On Boletus scaber, B. chry senior on

and B. subtomentosus. Specimens of Boletus bearing this fungus were

frequently found firmly attached to roots of stumps or old sticks by

the white mycelium covering the caps. If fresh specimens are left in

the collecting basket a few hours, the fungus will attach itself to the

basket. Common, June to September, Algoma. Seaver vid.

Hypomyces lactifiuorum Schw. A large number of specimens of

Russula delica were found in all stages of infection by this fungus,

which is said to attack species of Lactarius. Uninfected plants had a

mild taste and possessed no milk, and as the series between these and

the fully infected forms was complete, there seems to be little doubt

as to the identification. Among needles, sandy soil. Mile Bluff, August,

Mauston.

Hypomyces lateritius (Fr.) Tul. On Lactarius zonarius (La¬

marck) Fr., Dewey’s springs, August, Algoma.

Hypomyces polyporinus Pk. On Polyporus versicolor, Krohn’s

Lake, August, Algoma. Seaver vid.

Hypomyces torminosus (Mont.) Tul. Common on Lactarius tor -

minosus, September, Blahnik’s woods, Algoma.

Hypocrea aurantiaca Pk. Specimens of Polyporus chioneus bear¬

ing this fungus vary in color from light yellow to deep purplish red.

Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma.

Hypocrea sulphurea Schw. On old limbs, Schmeiling’s grove,

August, Algoma. Seaver vid.

Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. On rye, Kumm’s, Forestville.

Cor dy ceps militaris (L.) Link. Growing from pupa within a

cocoon buried under bark of coniferous log, Perry’s swamp, August,

Algoma.

Cordyceps militaris form Isaria farinosa Fr. On pupae of small

moths (?), among needles in swTamps, Ahnapee river, September, Al¬

goma.

Bodge — Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Co., Wis . 843

Pleurage albicans (A. & S.) Griff. [Sordaria coprophila (Fr.)

C. & DN.]. Immature specimens abundant on cow dung, Dewey’s

springs, August, Algoma. Rehm vid.

Pleurage vestita (Zopf) Griff. The spores are bluish black

when mature, one end having a cylindrical appendage as long as the

spore, the opposite end with several scarcely visible appendages. On

cow dung, Schmeiling’s grove, August, Algoma.

Sporormia minima Auersw. On cow dung, very common, Schmeil¬

ing’s grove, July, Algoma.

Kosellinia aquila (Fr.) DN. var. glabra Sacc. On old twigs and

limbs, Krohn’s Lake, August, Algoma. Rehm vid.

Hypoxylon coccineum Bull. On limbs of Fagus, Krohn’s Lake, Au¬

gust, Algoma. Rehm yid.

Hypoxylon coccineum, form Institale acariforme Fr. On decayed

alder (?), Blahnik’s swamp, August, Algoma.

Hypoxylon rubiginosum (Pers.) Fr. On old limbs in alder

swamp. Perry’s, December, Algoma. Rehm vid.

Daldinia concentrica (Bolt.) Ces. & DeNot. On old stumps and

logs, common, June to September, Algoma.

Plowrightia morbosa (Schw.) Sacc. On wild species of Prunus,

June, Algoma.

Ustulina vulgaris Tul. On hemlock stumps, common, Krohn’s

Lake, August, Algoma. Rehm vid.

Xylaria corniformis Fr. On decayed hemlock roots, Krohn’s Lake,

August, Algoma. Rehm vid.

Xylaria corniformis, form Isaria flabelliformis Schw. Very com¬

mon on old sticks, Schmeiling’s, July, Algoma.

Xylaria digitata (L.) Grev. The conidial stage resembles in form

X. corniformis , fruiting stage. On old roots, common, Blahnik’s woods,

July, Algoma. Rehm vid.

Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev. Completely covering decayed oak

log, and on the ground underneath. Loomis’ woods, July, Mauston.

Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. On stumps, Froemming’s

lawn, August, Algoma. Rehm vid.

Scorias spongiosa Schw. This fungus grows on alder infected

with the alder blight, Schizoneura tessellata Fitch. Large masses

of it are often found beneath the trees from which they have fallen.

Abundant after a season of wet weather, Ihlenfeld’s woods, October,

Algoma.

844 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

MYXOMYCETES.

Arcyria incarnata Pers. Stony creek, October, Foscora; Fluno’s

bluff, June, Mauston.

Arcyria magna Rex. The ash-gray, tawny-gray sporangia are un¬

like any other of this region in color. On maple tree, corner West

Johnson and Park streets, July, Madison.

Arcyria nutans (Bull.) Grey. Heineman’s woods, June, Maus¬

ton, September, Foscora.

Arcyria punicea Pers. Macbride makes this A. denudata (L.)

Sheldon. Schmeiling’s grove, September, Algoma.

Badhamia papaveracea Berk. & Rav. Stony Creek, October, Fos¬

cora.

Badhamia utricularis (Bull.) Berk. Tornado, September, Kohl-

berg. Rare.

Cribraria aurantiaca Schrad. Stony creek, August, Foscora.

Cribraria dictidyoides Cooke & Balf. Mile Bluff, June, Mauston;

Stony Creek, July, Foscora.

Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Muell.) Macb. Common on wet logs,

June, Algoma.

Biachea leucopoda Bull. & Rost. Shaw’s woods, September, Fos¬

cora.

Enteridium rozeanum (Rost.) Wingate. The aethalium is 2 x 3

cm. across and 4 mm. thick. The hypothallus is white, 4 mm. wide.

The spores are ferruginous, 7-9 microns, reticulated only on about

three-fourths of the surface. On bark, Dells, May, Kilbourn.

Fuligo varians Sommf. One specimen 25 cm. broad and 2 cm.

thick w^as found on sawdust in icehouse, June, Mauston; common at

Algoma.

Fuligo violacea Pers. The aethalium is covered with a yellowish

cortex, and the spores are purple-violet. McBride, N. Am. Slime

Moulds, p. 24, reports that this species occurs everywhere but probably

not distinguished from the preceding. On wood, June, Algoma.

Hemiarcyria rubiforniis (Pers.) Rost. On oak and poplar bark,

Dells, May, Kilbourn; common at Algoma.

JLeiocarpus fragilis (Dicks.) Rost. On elm leaves and decayed

wood, June to September, Algoma and Mauston.

JLindbladia effusa (Ehr.) Rost. Fluno’s woods, June, Mauston.

Bycogala epidendron (Buxb.) Fr. On old limbs, Ahnapee river

swamp, September, Algoma.

Jjycogala flavo-fuscum (Ehr.) Rost. Several large aethalia, 3-5

cm. long, which had grown the preceding summer, were collected

Dodge — -Fungi from the Region of Kewaunee Go., Wis. 845

from a maple tree on which two other somewhat rare slime moulds,

Arcyria magna and Reticularia lycoperdon, had been found. This tree

is thoroughly infected with several other species of fungi. March,

Madison; common on oak and maple, Mauston and Algoma.

Reticularia lycoperdon (Bull.) Macb. July, Madison.

Stemonitis Morgan! Pk. Schmeiling’s woods, September, Algoma.

Stemonitis Smithii Macb. Mile Bluff, Mauston.

Tilmadoche virdis (Bull.) Sacc. Hale’s woods, June, Mauston;

Warner’s grove, October, Algoma.

Trichia fallax Pers. Stony creek, October, Foscora.

Tricilia favoginea (Batsch.) Pers. Shaw’s woods, September,

Foscora.

Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch.) Macb. On same log with Lindbladia

effusa, Fluno’s woods, June, Mauston.

Tubifera stipitata (Berk. & Rav.) Macb. No. 417, Campus woods,

June, Madison.

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

WISCONSIN ACADEMY

OF

SCIENCES, ARTS, AND LETTERS

*

VOL. XVII, PART II, NO. 2

MADISON, WISCONSIN

O14

CONTENTS

Page

A Provisional List of the Parasitic Fungi of Wisconsin

J. J . Davis- 846

Preliminary Report on a Collection of Ilepaticae from the

Duluth-Superior District . George' II. ('o 'nklin, 985

The annual half- volume of the Transactions of the Wisconsin

Academy of Sciences; Arts, and Letters is issued in six numbers,

under the editorial supervision of the Secretary.

The price of this number is 50c.

846 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

A PROVISIONAL LIST OF PARASITIC FUNGI IN

WISCONSIN.

J". J. Davis.

The first enumeration of Fungi of Wisconsin of which I have

knowledge, was published in the Deport of the Geological Sur¬

vey of Wisconsin 1873-9. It was. prepared by A. F. Bundy,

M. D., and about thirty of the species there listed are parasitic.

As Dr. Bundy’s collections were afterwards destroyed by fire

this list has not been taken into account in subsequent enum¬

erations. In the Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of

Science, Arts and Letters, vol. 6, 106-144 (1884) a Prelim-

nary List of Parasitic Fungi of Wisconsin appeared which was

prepared by William Trelease, S. D., at that time Professor of

Botany in the University of Wisconsin. Lists supplementary

to this, prepared by the writer, were published through the same

medium in vols. 9 , 153-188 (1893) 11, 165-178 (1897)

Ilf, 83-106 (1903) and 16, 739-772 (1909). A demand hav¬

ing arisen for the replacement of these lists, some of which are

now unobtainable, by a single list with a single host index,

which should embody the present knowledge of the parasitic

fungus flora of the state, the following enumeration has been

made. It is a compilation of the Preliminary List of Dr. Tre¬

lease and the lists supplementary thereto1 with some changes

that seem necessary to bring it more nearly into accord with

present knowledge and practise. The opportunity has been

used for additions founded, upon material collected since the

last supplementary list was issued.

The specimens upon which the previous lists were founded

.are in part in the herbarium of Dr. Trelease at the Missouri

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

847

Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo., and in part in my own her¬

barium which is now at the University of Wisconsin, with a

few exceptions noted in the original entries. The more recent

additions are based on specimens in the herbarium of the Uni¬

versity of Wisconsin or in that of the Wisconsin Agricultural

Experiment Station, or in both. The nomenclature of the

hosts is that of Gray’s Mew Manual of Botany, 7th edition and

emendations made by the authors of the Manual in Rhodora 11,

33-61, (March, 1909). The authorities for the host names

have been omitted as they can readily be found, if desired, in

these publications. The arrangement of the species under the

genera is in the order in which the hosts appear in the classifi¬

cation and under each species its hosts are enumerated in the

same order.

As some time may elapse before another general list is at¬

tempted this one has been made as concise as possible ; all

extraneous matter in the way of notes and comments, which

might later become superfluous, being rigidly excluded.

It is hoped that this list will be of service both to those to

whom the parasitic fungi are interesting forms of life with

peculiar vital relations and to those who view them more espe¬

cially as disease-producing organisms and that with this new

point of departure the acquisition of knowledge of the para¬

sitic fungus flora of Wisconsin will be accelerated.

Corrections and additions will be gratefully received with

a view to future publication. I wish to thank Dr. J. C. Arthur

and Dr. E. D. "Kern of Purdue University for expert assist¬

ance in the Uredinales.

University of Wisconsin Herbarium,

Madison, Wisconsin.

March, 1912.

848 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts , and Letters .

PHYCOMYCETES

CHYTRIDIACEAE

SYNCHYTRIUM SCIRPI Davis

On Scirpus atrovirens

SYNCHYTRIUM ASARI Arth. & Hoi.

On Asarum canadense

SYNCHYTRIUM AUREUM Schroet.

On Ranunculus recurvatus

Viola pubescens

Geum virginianum

canadense

Pedicularis canadensis

Prenanthes alba

SYNCHYTRIUM ANEMONES (DC.) Wor.

On Anemone quinquefolia

SYNCHYTRIUM DECIPIENS Farl.

On Amphicarpa nvonoica

PHYSODERMA MENYANTHIS DBy.

On Menyanthes trifoliata

CLADOCHYTRIUM MACULARE (Wallr.)

On Alisma Plantago-aquatica

UROPHLYCTIS MAJOR Schroet.

On Rumex verticillatus

UROPHLYCTIS PLURIANNULATA (B. & C.) Farl.

On Sanicula marylandica

gregaria

Zizia aurea

OLPIDIOPSIS SAPROLEGNIAE (Cornu) A. Fisch.

On SaproTegnia thuretii

ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE

EMPUSA AMERICANA Thaxt.

On a blue bottle fly.

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

849

EMPUSA APHIDIS Hoffman

On various aphides

EMPUSA CULICIS A. Braun

On CJiironomus

EMPUSA MUSCAE Cohn.

On house flies

EMPUSA RHIZOPHORA Thaxt.

On caddis flies

EMPUSA SCIARAE Olive

On Sciara

EMPUSA GRYLLI Fres.

On Caloptenus

SAPROLEGNIACEAE

SAPROLEGNIA THURETII DBy.

On dead flies

PERONOSPORACEAE

ALBUGO BLITI (Biv.) O. Kuntze

On Amaranthus retrvflexus

hybridus

blvtoides

Acnida tuberculata

ALBUGO PORTULACAE (DC.) O. Kuntze

On Portulaca oleracea

ALBUGO CANDIDA (Pers.) O. Kuntze

On Lepidium virginicum

Capsella Bursa-pastoris

Cakile edentula

Raphanus sativus (cult.)

caudatus (cult.)

Brassica alba (cult.)

nigra

Sisymbrium officinale

Radicula palustris

Gardamine douglassii

850 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

ALBUGO TRAGOPOGONIS (DC.) S. F. Gray

On Iva xanthifolia

Ambrosia artemisiaefolia

Artemisia biennis

Helianthus annuus

Senecio aureus

Cirsium muticum

arvense

Tragopogon pratensis

porr'ijolius (cult.)

PHYTOPHTHORA THALICTRI Wilson & Davis

On Thalictrum revolutum

dasycarpum

PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS (Mont.) DBy.

On Solanum tuberosum (cult.)

BREMIA LACTUCAE Regel

On Lactuca sativa (cult.)

canadensis

spicata

PLASMOPARA HUMULI (Miyake & Takashashi )

On Humulus Lupulus

PLASMOPARA PYGMAEA (Unger) Schroet.

On Hepatica acutiloba

Anemone canadensis

quinquefolia

PLASMOPARA RIBICOLA Schroet.

On Ribes cynosbati

oxyacanthoides

prostratum

triste

PLASMOPARA GERANII (Pk.) Berl. & Be? Toni

On Geranium maculatum

PLASMOPARA OBDUCENS Schroet.

On Impatiens pallida

biflora

Davis — • A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi. 851

PLASMOPARA VITICOLA (B. & C.) Berl. & De Toni

On Psedera sp. indet.

VMis labrusca (cult.)

vulpina

spp. indet.

PLASMOPARA AUSTRALIS (Speg.) Swingle

On Sicyos angultitus

PLASMOPARA HALSTEDII (Farl.) Berl. & De Toni

On Eupatorium urticaefolium

Solidago riddellii

Erigeron annuus

Silphium teretiinthinaceum

trifoliatum

integrifolium

perfoliatum

Ambrosia art emisiae folia

trifida

RudbecTcia laciniata

Helianthus annuus

occidentalis

grosse-serratus

divaricatus

sttrumosus

tuberosus

Bidens frondosa

vulgata

connata

cernua

aristosa

Erechtites hieracifolia

PERONOSPORA SCHLEIDENI Unger

On Allium Cepa (cult.)

PERONOSPORA URTICAE (Lib.) DBy.

On TJrtica gracilis

PERONOSPORA POLYGONI Thuem.

On Polygonum scandens

PERONOSPORA EFFUSA (Grev.) Rabh.

On Chenopodium hybridum

album

852

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters .

PERONOSPORA OBOVATA Bon.

On Spergula arvensis

PERONOSPORA ALSINEARUM Caspary

On Cerastium nutans

PERONOSPORA FICARIAE Tul.

On Ranunculus fascicularis

pennsylvanicus

septentrionalis

PERONOSPORA CORYDALIS DBy.

On Dicentra cucullaria

PERONOSPORA PARASITICA (Pers.) Tul.

On Draba caroliniana

Lepidium virginicum

Raphanus sativus (cult.)

Brassica nigra

arvensis

RacDicula palustris

Dentaria laciniata

Cardamine douglassvi

Arabis laevigata

PERONOSPORA POTENTILLAE DBy.

On Potentilla monspeliensis

Geum canadense

macrophyllum

strictum

rivale

Agrimonia parviflora

PERONOSPORA RUBI Rabh.

On Rubus canadensis

PERONOSPORA TRIFOLIORUM DBy.

On Medicago sativa (cult.)

PERONOSPORA VICIAE (Berk.) DBy.

On Pisum sativum (cult.)

Vicia americanaf

PERONOSPORA EUPHORBIAE Fckl.

On Acalypha virginica?

Euphorbia maculata

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

85 B

PERONOSPORA FLOERKEAE Kell.

On Floerkea proserpinacoides

PERONOSPORA ARTHURI Farl.

On Oenothera biennis

PERONOSPORA HYDROPHYLLI Waite.

On Hydrophyllum virginianum

PERONOSPORA LOPHANTHI Farl.

On Agastache srophulariae folia

PERONOSPORA HEDEOMAE Kell. & Sw.

On Dracocephalum parviflorum

PERONOSPORA SORDIDA B. & Br.

On Scrophularia marilandica

PERONOSPORA GRISEA Unger

On Veronica Anagallis-aquatica

peregrina

arvensis

PERONOSPORA ALTA Fckl.

On Plantago major

Rugelii

PERONOSPORA CALOTHECA D By.

On Galium Aparine

lanceolatum

boreale

triflorum

PERONOSPORA LEPTOSPERMA DBy.

On Artemisia biennis

BASIDIOPHORA ENTOSPORA Roze & Cormi

On Aster Novae-angliae

Drummondii

puniceus

Solidago rigida

SCLEROSPORA GRAMINICOLA (Sacc.) SchroeL

On Setaria xtiridis

italica

854

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

PRO TOMYCE TALES

PROTOMYCES FUSCUS Pk.

On Hepatica triloba

acutiloba

PROTOMYCES ANDINUS Pat.

On Ambrosia trifida

art emisiae folia

Bidens frondosa

connata

cernua

ASCOMYCETES

PYREN OMY CE TALES

PERISPORIACEAE

PODOSPHAERA OXYACANTHAE (DC.) DBy.

On Spiraea salicifolia

tomentosa

Pyrus coronaria

Crataegus oxyacantha

spp. indet.

Prunus virginiana

pennsylvanica

pumila

ameiiicana

spp. indet. (cult.)

PODOSPHAERA BIUNCINATA Cke. & Pk.

On Hamamelis virginiana

PODOSPHAERA LEUCOTRICHA (E. & E.) Salm.

On Pyrus Malus

SPHAEROTHECA MORS-UVAE (Schw.) B. & C .

On Ribes cynosbati

americanum

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

855

SPHAEROTHECA HUMULI (DC.) Burr.

On Mitella diphylla

Physocarpus opulifoMus

Potentilla palustris

Geum canadense

virginianum

macrophyllum

Ruins idaeus aculeatissimus

tnflorus

parviflorus

Agrimonia gryposepala

striata

sp. indet.

Rosa spp. indet.

Rhus typUlna

glabra

Epilolium coloratum

SPHAEROTHECA HUMULI (DC.) Burr. var. FULIGINEA

(Sclilecht.) Salm.

On Agastache scrophulariaefolia

Prunella vulgaris

Veronica virginica

serpyllifolia

Gerardia grandiflora

Pedicularis lanceolata

Plantugo major

Bidens frondosa

connata

aristosa

Erechtites hieraciffolia

Taraxacum officinale

Prenanthes alba

UNCINULA SALICIS (DC.) Wint.

On Salix spp . varii

Populus spp . varii

UNCINULA NEGATOR (Schw.) Burr.

On Psedera sp. indet.

Vitis spp. varii

856 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

UNCINULA CIRCINATA Cke. & Pk.

On Acer Saccharum

saccharmum

rubrum

UNCINULA MACROSPORA Pk.

On TJlmus americana

UNCINULA CLINTONII Pk.

On Tilia americana

MICROSPHAERA ALNI (Wallr.) Wint.

On Corylus americana

rostrata

Carpinus caroliniana

Betula pumila glandulfifera

Fagus grandifolia

Quercus alba

macrocarpa

rubra

ellipsoidalis

Lathyrus palustris

venosus

ochroleucus

Ilex vert,icillata

Nem'opanthus mucronata

Ceanothus americanus

Cornus alternifolia

Syringa vulgaris (cult.)

Cephalanthus accidentalis

Lonicera tatarica (cult.)

sullivantii

dioica

Viburnum acerifolium

pubescens

Lentago

On Quercus rubra

-var. EXTENSA (C. & P.) Salm.

var. VACCINII (Schw.) Salm.

On Kalmia polifolia

Epigaea repens

Gaylussacia baccata

Vaccinium pennsylvanicum

canadense

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

857

MICROSPHAERA EUPHORBIAE (Pk.) B. & C.

On Euphorbia corollata

MICROSPHAERA GROSSULARIAE (Wallr.) Lev.

On Sambucus canadensis

racemosa

MICROSPHAERA DIFFUSA Cke. & Pk.

On Desmodium canescens

paniculatum

canadense

Lespedeza violacea

MICROSPHAERA RUSSELLII Clint.

On Oxalis “ stricta ”

corniculata

ERYSIPHE GRAMINIS DC.

On Poa pratensis

Agropyran repens

Gramineae vatfii

ERYSIPHE AGGREGATA (Pk.) Farl.

On catkins of Alnus incana

ERYSIPHE POLYGONI DC.

On Polygonum aviculare

Ranunculus, delphinifolius

abortivus

acris

Thalictrum dasycarpum

Clematis virginiana

Caltha palustris

Aquilegia canadensis

Parnassia caroliniana

Lupinus perennis

Astragalus canadensis

Lathyrus venosus

ochroleucus

Amphicarpa monoica

Geranium maculatum

ERYSIPHE GALEOPSIDIS DC.

Stachys tenuifolia aspera

Chelone glabra

858

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters .

ERYSIPHE CICHORACEARUM DC.

On Parietaria pennsylvamica

Phlox paniculata

divaricata

DrummondU

Hydrophyllum virginianum

Lappula virginiana

Verbena urticaefolia

TeuciMum canadense

Scutellaria lateriflora

galericulata

parvula

Plantago major

Rugelii

Eupatorium purpureum

perfoliatum

urticaefolium

Solidago canadensis

Aster divaricatus

drummondii

laerils

lateriflorus

puniceus

umbeilatus

Inula Helenium

Ambrosia artemisiaefolia

Xanthium sp. indet.

HeWopsis scabra

Helianthus strumosus

Dahlia sp. indet. (cult.)

Helenium autumnale

Oirsium discolor

FHYLLACTINIA CORYLEA (Pers.) Karst.

On Carya sp. indet.

Corylus americana

Ostrya virginiana

Carpinus caroliniana

Betula alba papyrifera

Alnus incana

Fagus grandifolia

Quercus sp. indet.

Hamamelis virginiana

Crataegus sp. indet.

Davis— -A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi. 859

Zanthoxylum americanum

Celastrus scandens

Acer Saccharum

Cornus stolonifera

Fraxinus pennsylvanica

DIMEROSPORIUM COLLINSII (Schw.) Thuem.

On Amelanchier $pp. indet.

DIMEROSPORIUM CONGLOBATUM (B. & C.) Ell. & Evht.

On Arctostaphylos Uvar-ursi

PARODIELLA PERISPORIODES (B. & C.) Speg.

On Desmodium grandiflorum

SPHAERIACEAE

GNOMONIELLA CORYLI (Batsch) Sacc.

On Corylus americana

rostrata

GNOMONIELLA FIMBRIATA (Pers.) Sacc.

On Carpinus carolirtiana

PHYSALOSPORA AMBROSIAE Ell. & Evht.

On Ambrosia trifida

artemisMfolia

CRYPTOSPORELLA ANOMALA (Pk.) Sacc.

On Corylus americana

SPHAERELLA ZIZANIAE (Schw.) Ellis

On Leersia oryzoides

SPHAERELLA FRAGARIAE (Tul.) Sacc.

On Fragaria virginiana

vesca

VENTURIA PULCHELLA

On Chamaedaphne calyculata

VENTURIA DICKIEI (B. & Br.) Ces. & De Not.

On Linnaea borealis

860 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

HYPOCREACEAE

HYPOMYCES LATERITIUS (Fr.) Tul.

On Lactarius zonarius

sp. indet.

HYPOMYCES TORMINOSUS (Mont.) Tul.

On Lactarius torminosus

HYPOMYCES VIRIDIS (A. & S.) Sacc.

On an undetermined mushroom

HYPOMYCES LACTIFLUORUM (Schw.) Tul.

On Russula delica Fr.

HYPOMYCES CHRYSOSPERMUS Tul.

On Boletus scaber

chrysmteron

subtomentosus

HYPOMYCES AURANTIUS (Pers.) Tul.

Oh Polyporus frondosus

HYPOMYCES POLYPORINUS

On Polyporus versicolor

HYPOCREA AUR ANT I AC A Pk.

On Polyporus chioneus

CLAVICEPS PURPUREA (Fr.) Tul.

On Secale cereafte (cult.)

Triticum vulgar e (cult.)

(Sclerotia only)

CLAVICEPS SP. INDET.

On Zizania palustris

Phalaris arundinacea

Oryzopsis racemosa

Phleum pratense

Agrostis hyemalis

Calamagrostis canadensis

Koeleria cristata

Poa compressa

Glyceria nervata

Glyceria septentrionalis

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

861

Agropyron repens

Elymus canadensis

striatus

(Sclerotia only)

CLAVICEPS NIGRICANS Tul.

On Eleocharis sp. indet.

(Sclerotia only)

CLAVICEPS JIJNGI Adams

On Jmncus nodosus

(Sclerotia only)

CORDYCEPS CAPITATA (Holmsk.) Lk.

On Elaphomyces sp. indet

CORDYCEPS HERCULEA (Schw.) Ell. & Evht.

On larvae of Lachnosterna?

CORDYCEPS MILITARIS (L.) Lk.

“On pupae of small moths (?)”

EPICHLOE TYPHINA (Pers.) Tul.

On Andropogon furcatus

Calamagrostis canadensis

Koeleria cristata

Elymus sp. indet.

Hystrix patula

HYPOCRELLA SP. INDET.

On Podophyllum peltatum

Eupatorium urticaefoltum

DOTHIDEACEAE

B ALANS I A HYPOXYLON (Pk.) Atk.

On Calamagrostis canadensis

PHYLLACHORA PTERIDIS (Reb.) Fckl.

On Pteris aquilina

PHYLLACHORA GRAMINIS (Pers.) Fckl.

On many grasses

PHYLLACHORA CYPERI Rehm

On Cyperus Schweinitzti

862 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

PHYLLACHORA JUNCI (Fr.) Fckl.

On J uncus tenuis

PHYLLACHORA TRIFOLII (Pers.) Fckl.

On Trvfolium pratense

repens

PHYLLACHORA LESPEDEZAB

On Lespedeza capitata

DOTHIDELLA TJLMEA (Schw.) E & E

On TJlmus americana

PLOWRIGHTIA MORBOSA (Schw.) Sacc.

On Prunus serotina

virginiana

pennsylvanica

americana

MONTAGNELLA HELIOPSIDIS (Schw.) Sacc.

On Aster sp. indet.

Helianthus sp. indet.

MICROTHYRIACEAE

ASTERINA RUBICOLA Ell. & Evht.

On Rubus idaeus aculeatissimus

ASTERINA GAULTHERIAE Curt.

On Gaultheria procumbens

Arctostaphylos Uva-ursti

ASTERINA PLANTAGINIS Ellis

On Plantago Rugelii

HYSTERIACEAE

LOPHODERMIUM PINASTRI (Schrad.) Chev.

On Pinus Strobus

Banksiana

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

863

DISCOMYCETALES

PEZIZACEAE

SCLEROTINIA TUBEROSA Fckl.

On Anemone quinquefolia

MOLLISIA DEHNII (Rabh.) Karst.

On Potentilla monspeliensis

PHACIDIACEAE

PSEUDOPEZIZA SINGULARIA (Pk.) Pk.

On Ranunculus sceleratus

pennsylvanicus

PSEUDOPEZIZA TRIFOLII (Biv. Bernh.) Fckl.

On Trifolium pratense

PSEUDOPEZIZA MEDICAGINIS (Lib.) Sacc.

On Medicago sativa (cult.)

PSEUDOPEZIZA REPANDA (Fr.) Karst.

On Galium tinctorium

FABRAEA ROUSSEAUANA Sacc. & Bomm.

On Caltha palustris

RHYTISMA SALICINUM (Pers.) Fr.

On Salix spp. varKi

RHYTISMA ILICIS-CANADENSIS Schw.

On Ilex verticillata

Nemopanthus mucronata

RHYTISMA ACERINUM (Pers.) Fr.

On Acer spicatum

Saccharum

saccharinum

rubrum

RHYTISMA PUNCTATUM (Pers.) Fr.

On Acer spicatum

Saccharum

864 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

RHYTISMA ANDROMEDAE (Pers.) Fr.

On Andromeda glaucophylla

RHYTISMA SOLIDAGINIS Schw.

On Balidago spp. varii

RHYTISMA ASTERIS Schw.

On Aster spp. varii

STICTIDACEAE

KEITHIA THUJ1NA El. J. Durand

On Thuya occidentals

EXOASCACEAE

TAPHRINA JOHANSONII Sadeb.

On fruit of Populus tremuloides

TAPHRINA COERULESCENS (Desm. & Mont.) Tul.

On Quercus rubra

coccinea

TAPHRINA POTENTILLAE (Farl.) Johans.

On Potentilla arguta

EXOASCUS ALNI-INCANAE Kuehn

On Alnus incana

EXOASCUS CERASI Fckl.

On Prunus nirginiana

EXOASCUS PRUNI Fckl.

On fruit of Prunus

EXOASCUS DEFORMANS (Berk.) Fckl.

On Prunus Persica (cult)

l

LABOULBENIACEAE

LABOULBENIA GYRINIDARUM Thaxt.

On ? Gyrinus

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

865

DEUTEROMYCETES

SPHAEROPSIDALES

SPHAERIOIDACEAE

PHYLLOSTICTA CARICIS (Fckl) Sacc.

On Car ex trisperma

(?) pennsylvanicus

intumescens

PHYLLOSTICTA RENOUANA Sacc. & Roum.

On Typha laMfolia

PHYLLOSTICTA CRUENTA (Fr.) Kickx var. PALLID I OR (Pk.)

On Smilacina racemosa

stellata

— - -var. DISCINCTA (Davis)

On Uvularia grandiflora

OaJcesia sessilifolia

PHYLLOSTICTA TRILLII Ell. & Evht.

On Trillium cernuum

PHYLLOSTICTA IRIDIS Ell. & Mart.

On Iris versicolor

PHYLLOSTICTA APICALIS Davis

On Salix lucida

PHYLLOSTICTA FAGICOLA Ell. & Morgan,

On Fag us grandifolia

PHYLLOSTICTA QUERCUS Sacc. & Speg.

On Quercus alba

macrocarpa

PHYLLOSTICTA PHOMIFORMIS Sacc.

On Quercus alba

PHYLLOSTICTA ATRIPLICIS Desm.

On Chenop odium album

PHYLLOSTICTA NEBULOSA Sacc.

On Silene noctiflora

866 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

PHYLLOSTICTA FATISCENS Pk.

On Nymphaea advena

PHYLLOSTICTA HAMAMELIDIS Cke.

On Hamamelis virginiana

PHYLLOSTICTA PYRINA Sacc.

On Pyrus cormaria

malus

PHYLLOSTICTA SEROTINA Cke.

On PrUnus serotina

PHYLLOSTICTA PRUNICOLA (Opiz ?) Saec.

On Prunus serotina

nigra

PHYLLOSTICTA DESTRUENS Desm.

On Prunus virginiana

PHYLLOSTICTA DESMODII Ell. & Evht.

On Desmodium canescens

PHYLLOSTICTA OXALIDIS Sacc.

On Oxalis stricta

PHYLLOSTICTA MINIMA (B. & C.) Ell. & Evht.

On Acer spicatum

saccharum

rubrum

PHYLLOSTICTA NEGUNDINIS Sacc. & Speg.

On Acer Negundo

PHYLLOSTICTA PAVIAE De'sm.

On Aesculus Hippocastanum

PHYLLOSTICTA LABRUSCAE Thuem,

On Psedera vitacea

Vitis vulpina

sp. indet. (cult.)

PHYLLOSTICTA SPERMOIDES Pk.

On Vitis vulpina

PHYLLOSTICTA VIOLAE Desm.

On Viola sp. indet.

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi . 867

PHYLLOSTICTA LUDWIGIAE Pk.

On Ludvigia polycarpa

PHYLLOSTICTA DODECATHEI Trel.

On Dodecatkeon Meadia

PHYLLOSTICTA SYRINGAE West.

On Syringa vulgaris

PHYLLOSTICTA APOCYNI Trel.

On Apocynum cannabinum

PHYLLOSTICTA DECIDUA Ell & Kell.

On Radicula Armoracia

Oeum canadense

Aralia racemosa

Steironema ciViatum

Cynoglossum officinale

Lappula virginiana

Teucrium canadense

Scutellaria lateriflora

Nepeta hederacea

Leonurus cardiaca,

S tacky s palustris

tenuifoftia

Monarda punctata

Lydopus unifTorus

Mentha arvensis ccmadensis

Veronica virgftnica

Eupatorium perfoliatum

Bidens frondosa

Lactuca canadensis

PHYLLOSTICTA HORTORUM Speg.

On Solanum melongenum (cult.)

PHYLLOSTICTA DIERVILLAE Davis.

On Dier villa Lomcera

PHYLLOSTICTA TINEOLA Sacc.

On Viburnum pubescens

PHYLLOSTICTA SIMILISPORA Ell. & Davis.

On Solidago rigida

PHYLLOSTICTA ASTERICOLA Ell. & EvM.

On Aster umbellatus

'Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters .

PHYLLOSTICTA RUDBECKIAE Ell. & Evht.

On Rudbeckia laciniata

PHYLLOSTICTA LAPPAE Sacc.

On Lappa minor

PHOMA MELILOTI Allesch.

On Melilotus alba

PHOMA UVICOLA B. & C.

On Vitis (cult.)

PHOMA CRYPTICA (Nits.) Sacc.

On twigs of Loriicera sp. indet.

ASTEROMA VENULOSUM (Walk.) Fckl.

On Iris versicolor

AMPELOMYCES QUISQUALIS Ces.

On various Erysiphaceae

ASCOCHYTA SPARTINAE Trel.

On Spartdna Michauxiana

ASCOCHYTA QUERCUS Sacc. & SpCg.

On Quercus spp. indet.

ASCOCHYTA RHEI Ell. & Evht.

On Rheum rhaponticum (cult.)

ASCOCHYTA OXYBAPHI Trel.

On Oxybaphus nyctagineus

ASCOCHYTA SILENES Ell. & Evht.

On Silene antirrhina

ASCOCHYTA (?) INFUSCANS Ell. & Evht.

On Ranunculus abortivus

ASCOCHYTA CLEMATIDINA Thuem.

On Clematis virginiana

- — - var. THALICTRI Davis.

On Thalictrum dioicum

ASCOCHYTA PISI Lib.

On Pisum saftivum (cult.)

Vicia americana

villosa (cult.)

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

869

ASCOCHYTA AMPELINA Sacc.

On Vitis vulpina

ASCOCHYTA CORNICOLA Sacc.

On Cornus Arno mum

ASCOCHYTA CASSANDRAE Pk.

On Chamaedaphne calyculata

ASCOCHYTA LOPHANTHI Davis.

On Agastache scrophulariae folia

ASCOCHYTA LEONURI Ell. & Dearn.

On Lycopus americanus

ASCOCHYTA TRELEASEI Berl. & Vogl.

On Vernonia novel) or acensis

SilpMum integrifolium

ACTINONEMA ROSAE (Lib.) Fr.

On Rosa blanda

rubiginosa

DARLUCA FILUM (Biv.) Cast.

On various Uredinaceae

STAGONOSPORA SMILACIS (Ell. & Mart.) Sacc.

On Smilax herbaeea

hispida

SEPTORIA AQUILINA Pass.

On Pteris aquilina

SEPTORIA AGROPYRI Ell. & Evht.

On Agropymn repens

SEPTORIA BREVISPORA Ell. & Davis.

On Bromus ciliatus

SEPTORIA GRAMINUM Desm.

On Panicum depauperatum

Setaria viridis

Poa annua

SEPTORIA BROMI Sacc.

On Calamagrostis canadensis

Bromus secalinus

•870 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters .

SEPTORIA EVERHARTII Sacc. & Syd.

On Calamagrostis canadensis

SEPTORIA PASSERINII Sacc.

On Hordeum jubatum

SEPTORIA CARICINELLA Sacc. & Roum.

On Carex cephalaidea

spp. indet.

SEPTORIA RIPARIA Pass.

On Carex (pennsylvanicaf)

SEPTORIA SPICULOSA Ell. & Hoi.

On Symplocarpus foetidus

p

SEPTORIA VIRIDI-TINGENS Curt.

On Allium tricoccum

SEPTORIA SMILACINAE Ell. & Mart.

On Smilacina racemosa

SEPTORIA TRILLII Pk.

On Trillium recurvatum

grandiflorum

cernuum

declinatum

SEPTORIA SALICINA Pk.

On Salix lucida

SEPTORIA MUSIVA Pk.

On Eepulus tremuloides

balsam fera

deltoides

SEPTORIA CORYLINA Pk.

On Corylus rostrata

SEPTORIA OSTRYAE Pk.

On Ostrya virginiana

SEPTORIA BETULAE (Lib.) West.

On Betula alba papyrifera

pumila

SEPTORIA ALNIFOLIA Ell. & Evht.

On Alnus sp. indet.

J)avis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi. 871

SEPTORIA CANNABINA West.

On Cannabis sativa

SEPTORIA URTICAE Rob.

On Laportea canadensis

SEPTORIA PILEAE Thuem.

On Pilea pumila

SEPTORIA PARIETARIAE Davis

On Parietaria pennsylvanica

SEPTORIA RUMICIS Ellis

On Rumex altissimus

verticillatus

SEPTORIA POLYGONORUM Desm.

On Polygonum Hydropiper

orientale (cult.)

convolvulus

cilinode

spp. indet.

SEPTORIA STELLARIAE Rob. & Desm.

On Stellaria longifolia

media

SEPTORIA CERASTII Rob. & Desm.

On Cerastium viscosum

SEPTORIA MELANDRII Pass.

On Lychnis alba

SEPTORIA DIMERA Sacc.

On Silene antirrhina

SEPTORIA NOCTIFLORA Ell. & Kell.

On Silene noctiflora

SEPTORIA SILENICOLA Sacc.

On Silene stellata

SEPTORIA COPTIDIS B. & C.

On Copt is trifolia

SEPTORIA AQUILEGIAE Sacc. & Penz.

On Aquilegia canadensis

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

SEPTORIA PODOPHYLLINA Pk.

On Podophyllum peltatum

SEPTORIA LEPIDIICOLA Ell. & Mart.

On Lepidium virginicum

SEPTORIA DENTARIAE Pk.

On Dentaria laeiniata

Cardamine Douglassii

SEPTORIA ALBICANS E. & E.

On Saxifraga pennsylvanica

SEPTORIA RIBIS Desm.

On Riles Cynoslati

americanum

lacustre

prostratum

vulgare

spp. Met.

SEPTORIA GROSSULARIAE (Lib.) West.

On Riles sp. indet.

SEPTORIA AUREA Ell. & Evht.

On Riles odoratum

SEPTORIA SALICIFOLIAE (Trel.) Ell. & Evht.

On Spiraea salicifolia

tomentosa

SEPTORIA CRATAEGI Kickx.

On Crataegus sp. indet.

SEPTORIA GEI Rob. & Desm.

On Geum macrophyllum

SEPTORIA RUBI West.

On Rulus idaeus aculeatissimus

occidentalis

parviflorus

allegheniensis

hispidus

SEPTORIA AGRIMONIAE-EUPATORII Bomm. & Rousa.

On Agrimonia striata

sp. indet

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi .

878

SEPTORIA ASTRAGALI Desm.

On Vicia americana

SEPTORIA PISI West.

On Pisum sativum (cult.)

SEPTORIA PACHYSPORA Ell. & Hoi.

On Zanthoxylum americanum

SEPTORIA PTELEAE Ell. & Evht.

On Ptelea trifoliata

SEPTORIA RHOINA B. & C.

On Rhus typhina

glabra

SEPTORIA SACCHARINA Ell. & Evht.

On Acer Saccharum

SEPTORIA NOLITANGERIS Gerard

On Impatiens biflora

SEPTORIA HETEROCHROA Desm.

On Malva rotundifolia

SEPTORIA SPHAERELLOIDES Ell. & Kell.

On Hypericum punctatum

SEPTORIA VIOLAE Desm.

On Viola pubescens

sp. indet.

SEPTORIA HYALINA Ell. & Evht.

On Viola spp. indet.

SEPTORIA LYTHRINA Pk.

On Ly thrum alatum

SEPTORIA LUDWIG IAE Cke.

On Ludvigia palustris

SEPTORIA EPILOBII Cke,

On Epilobium coloratum

SEPTORIA OENOTHERAE West.

On Oenothera biennis

pumflla

874 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

SEPTORIA OSMORHIZAE Pk.

On Osmorhiza claytoni

Tmgistylis

SEPTORIA UMBELLIFERARUM Kalchb.

On Cicuta maculata

Oxypolis rigidior

SEPTORIA APII (Bri. & Car.) Chester

On Apium graveolens (cult.)

SEPTORIA SII Rob. & Desm.

On Sium cicutaefolium

SEPTORIA CRYPTOTAENIAE Ell. & Rau

On Cryptotaenia canadensis

SEPTORIA CORNICOLA Desm.

On Cornus Amomum

paniculata

alt erni folia

SEPTORIA CON SPICUA Ell. & Mart.

On Steironema ciliatum

lanceolatum

guadriflorum

SEPTORIA INCRESCENS Pk.

On Trientalis americana

SEPTORIA BESSEYI Pk.

On Fraxinus americana

SEPTORIA MENYANTHIS Desm.

On Menyanthes trifoliata

SEPTORIA ASCLEPIADICOLA Ell. & Evht.

On Asclepias incarnata

SEPTORIA CONVOLVULI Desm.

On Convolvulus sepium

Ipomoea purpurea (cult.)

SEPTORIA DIVARICATA Ell. & Evht.

On Phlox divaricata

SEPTORIA VERBENAE Rob. & Desm.

On "Verbena urticaefolia

ha&tata

Davis— A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

875

SEPTORIA SCUTELLARIAE Thuem.

On Scutellaria lateriflora

versicolor

galericulata

SEPTORIA DRACOCEPHALI Thuem.

On Draco cephalum parviflorum

SEPTORIA RRUNELLAE Ell. & Hoi.

On Prunella vulgaris

SEPTORIA PHYSOSTEGIAE Ell. & EVht.

On Physo+t *gia virginiana

SEPTORIA GALEOPSIDIS West.

On Galeopsis Tetrahit.

SEPTORIA STACHYDIS Rob. & Desm.

On Stachys tenuifolia asp era

SEPTORIA LYCOPERSICI Spe’g.

On Lycopersicum esculentum (cult.)

SEPTORIA SCROPHULARIAE Pk.

On Scrophularia marylandica

SEPTORIA WILSONI G. W. Clinton

On Chetone glabra

SEPTORIA MIMULI Ell. & Kell.

On Mimulus ringens

SEPTORIA GRATIOLAE Sacc. & Speg.

On Gratiola virginiana

SEPTORIA VERONICAE Desm.

On Veronica virginica?

arvensis

SEPTORIA LEPTOSTACHYA Ell. & Kell.

On Phryma Leptostachya

SEPTORIA PLANTAGINIS Pass.

On Plantago major

SEPTORIA PSILOSTEGA Ell. & Mart.

On Galium circaezans

tinctorium

876 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

SEPTORIA CEPHALANTHI Ell. & Kell.

On Cephalanthus occidentalis

SEPTORIA DIERVILL1COLA Ell. & Evht.

On Diervilla Lonicera

SEPTORIA SAMBUCINA Pk.

On Lonicera hirsuta

Sambucus canadensis

SEPTORIA CUCURBITACEARUM Sacc.

On Gucumis Melo (cult.)

Citrullis vulgaris (cult.)

Cucurbita maxima (cult.)

SEPTORIA SICYI Pk.

On Echinocystis lobata

SEPTORIA SPECULARIAE B. & C.

On 8 pecularia perfoliata

SEPTORIA CAMPANULAS (Lev.) Sacc.

On Campanula americana

apamnoides

SEPTORIA LOBELIAE Pk.

On Lobelia cardinalis

siphilitica

spicata

inflate

SEPTORIA LIATRIDIS Ell. & Davis

On Liatris scariosa

spicata

SEPTORIA SOLIDAGINICOLA Pk.

On Solidago caesia'

arguta

canadensis

serotina

Aster shortii

puniceus

umbellatus

SEPTORIA DAVISII Sacc.

On Solidago canadensis

serotina

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

877

SBPTORIA INTERMEDIA Ell. & Evht.

On Solidago si >. indet.

SEPTORIA ATROPURPUREA Pk.

On Solidago laUfolia

Aster macrophyllus

Drummandii

vinineus

SEPTORIA ASTERICOLA Ell. & Evht

On Aster Drummondii

SEPTORIA ERIGERONTIS B. & C.

On Erigeron Philadelphia^

annuus

ramosus

SEPTORIA ERIGERONTIS BOLTONIAE Webber.

On Boltonia aster aides

SEPTORIA POLYMNIAE Ell. & Evht.

On Polymnia canadensis

SEPTORIA SILPHII Ell. & Evht.

On Silphiunr integrifolium

perfoliatum

SEPTORIA BACILLIGERA Wint.

On Ambrosia trifida

SEPTORIA XANTHII Desm.

On Xanthium sp. indet.

SEPTORIA RUDBECKIAE Ell. & Hals.

On RudbecTcia hirta.

laciniata

SEPTORIA HELIANTHI Ell. & Kell.

On Helianthus annuus

grosse-serratus

hirsutus

strumosus

tuberosus

spp. indet.

SEPTORIA BIDENTIS Saec.

On B idens frondlosa

878 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters .

SEPTORIA HELENII Ell. & Evht.

On Helenium autumnale

SEPTORIA CHRYSANTHEMI Allesch.

On Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum

SEPTORIA CACALIAE Ell. & Kell.

On Cacalia atriplicifolia

SEPTORIA LAPPARUM Sacc.

On Lappa sp. indet.

SEPTORIA CIRSII Niessl

On Cirsium lanceolatum

arvense

SEPTORIA COMMONSII Ell. & Evht.

On Cirsium muticum

SEPTORIA LACTUCAE Pass.

On Lactuca sativa (cult.)

scariola

pulchella

SEPTORIA LACTUCICOLA Ell. & Mart.

On Lactuca scariola

canadensis

SEPTORIA NABALI B. & C.

On Prenanthes alba

PHLEOSPORA CARICIS Ell. & Evht.

On Carex (trichocarpa?)

PHLEOSPORA ULMI (Fr.) Wallr.

On Ulmus amcricana

PHLEOSPORA RETICULATA Ell. & Evht.

On Lathyrus venosus

ochroleucus.

PHLEOSPORA CRATAEGI (Kze. & Schm.) Wallr.

On Crataegus sp. indet.

PHLEOSPORA ACERIS (Lib.) Sacc.

On Acer rubrum

DILOPHOSPORA ALOPECURI Fr.

On Calamagrostis canadensis

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

879

LEPTOSTROMATACEAE

LEPTOTPIYRIUM DRYINUM Sacc.

On Quercus alba

rubra

LEPTOTHYRIUM GENTIANAECOLUM (DC?) Baeumf:

On GenMana Andrewsii

LEPTOTHYRIUM PERICLYMENI (Desm.) Sacc.

- - var. AMERICANUM Ell. & Evht.

On Lonicera canadensis

obldn&ifolia

PIGGOTIA FRAXINI B. & C.

On Fraxinus nigra

sp. indet (cult.)

ENTOMOSPORIUM MACULATUM Lev. var. DOMESTICUM

Sacc.

On Pyrus americana

Amelanchier spicata

— - var. CYDONIAE Cke. & Ell.

On Amelanchier canadensis

spicata

ENTOMOSPORIUM THUMENII (Cke.) Sacc.

On Crataegus spp. indet.

MELANCONIALES

MELANCONIACEAE

GLOEOSPORIUM CONFLUENS Ell. & Dearn.

On Sagittaria lafiifolia

GLOEOSPORIUM SALICIS West.

On Balix jragilis

longifolia

GLOEOSPORIUM CARYAE Ell. & Evht.

On Carya ovdta

880

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters .

GLOEOSPORIUM CORYL1 (Desm.) Sacc.

On Corylus americana

ro strata

GLOEOSPORIUM ROBERGEI Desm.

On Carpinus caroliniana

GLOEOSPORIUM BETULARUM Ell. & Mart.

On Betula nigra

alba papyrifera

GLOEOSPORIUM FAGI Desm. & Rob. var. AMERICANUM Ell.

& Evht.

On Fagus grandifolia

GLOEOSPORIUM NERVISEQUUM (Fckl.) Sace.

On Quercus alba

macrocar pa

rubra

GLOEOSPORIUM SEPTORIOIDES Sacc.

On Quercus velutina

GLOEOSPORIUM THALICTRI Davis

On Thalictrum dasycarpum

GLOEOSPORIUM BERBERIDIS Cke.

On Berberis vulgaris

GLOEOSPORIUM RIBIS (Lib.) Mont. & Desm.

On Ribes americanum

prostratum

vulgar e (cult.)

triste

spp. indet.

GLOEOSPORIUM VENETUM Speg*

On Rubus spp. varii

GLOEOSPORIUM FRUCTIGENUM Berk.

On apples

GLOEOSPORIUM FRAGARIAE (Lib.) Mont.

On Potentilla ntonspeTiensis

GLOEOSPORIUM EVERHARTII Sacc. & Syd.

On Vicia americana

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi. 881

GLOEOSPORIUM DAVISII Ell. & Evht.

On Vida, americana

GLOEOSPORIUM LINDEMUTHIANUM Sacc. & Magn.

On Phaseplus sp. indet.

GLOEOSPORIUM SACCHARINUM Ell. & Evht.

On Acer Saccliarum

GLOEOSPORIUM APOCRYPTUM Ell. & Evht.

On Acer Negundo

GLOEOSPORIUM ARIDUM Ell. & Hoi.

On Fraxinus americana

PESTALOZZIELLA SUBSESSILIS Ell. & Evht.

On Geranium maculatum

MARSSONINA NECANS (Ell. & Evht.) P. Magn.

On Pteris aquilina

MARSSONINA APICALIS (Ell. & Evht) P. Magn.

On Salix lucida

MARSSONINA CASTAGNEI (Desm. & Mont.) P. Magn.

On Populus alba

tremuloides

grandidentata

candicans

deltoides

MARSSONINA JUGLANDIS (Lib.) P. Magn.

On Juglans cinerea

nigra

MARSSONINA MARTINI (Sacc. & Ell.) P. Magn.

On Quercus alba

macrocarpa

rubra

MARSSONINA DELASTREI (DeLacr.) P. Magn.

On Silene stelldta

MARSSONINA CORONARIA (Ell. & Davis)

On Pyrus coronaVia

882 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters .

MARSSONINA . POTENTILLAE (Desm.) P. Magn.

On Potentilla argnta

palustris

MARSSONINA MELILOTI (Trel.) P. Magn.

On MelUotus alba

MARSSONINA VIOLAE (Pass.) P. Magn.

On Viola sp. indet.

MARSSONINA FRAXINI Ell. & Davis

On Fraxinus nigra

SEPTOGLOEUM SALICINUM (Pk.) Sacc.

On Salix pedicellaris

SEPTOGLOEUM POTENTILLAE Allesch.

On Potentilla palustris

SEPTOGLOEUM AMPELOPSIDIS Ell. & EvM.

On Psedera sp. indet.

SEPTOGLOEUM APOCYNI Pk.

On Apocynum androsaemifolium

CYLINDROSPORIUM SPARGANII (Pass.) Ell. & EvM.

On Sparga?iium eurycarpum

CYLINDROSPORIUM CALAMAGROSTIDIS Ell. & EvM.

On Calamagrostis canadensis

CYLINDROSPORIUM GLYCERIAE Ell. & EvM.

On Glyceria nervata

CYLINDROSPORIUM TRADESCANTIAE Ell. & Kell.

On Tradescantia reflexa

CYLINDROSPORIUM BETULAE Davis

On Betula pumila

CYLINDROSPORIUM THALICTRI (Ell. & EvM.)

On Thalictrum dioicum

dasycarpum

CYLINDROSPORIUM HUMULI Ell. & EvM.

On Humulus Lupulus

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi .

883

CYLINDROSPORIUM CLEMATIDIS E1L & Evht

On Clematis virginiana

CYLINDROSPORIUM CIRCINANS Wint.

On SanguimaAa canadensis

CYLINDROSPORIUM CAPSELLAE Ell. & Evht

On Capsella Bursa-pastoris

CYLINDROSPORIUM RIBIS Davis

On. Rides prostratum

vulgare

triste

sp. indet.

CYLINDROSPORIUM RUBI Ell. & Morgan

On Rudus idaeus aculeatissimus

CYLINDROSPORIUM PADI Karst.

On Prunus pennsylvanica

serotina

virginiana

sp, indet. (cult.)

CYLINDROSPORIUM SACCHARINUM Ell. & Evht.

On Acer Saccharum

CYLINDROSPORIUM NEGUNDINIS Ell. & Evht.

On Acer Negundo

CYLINDROSPORIUM LEPTOSPERMUM Pk.

On Aralia hispida

nudicauUs

CYLINDROSPORIUM ERYNGII Ell. & Kell.

On Eryngium yuccifolium

CYLINDROSPORIUM CICUTAE Ell. & Evht.

On Cicuta maculata

CYLINDROSPORIUM ZIZIAE Ell. & Evht.

On Zizia cordata

CYLINDROSPORIUM APOCYNI Ell. & Evht

On Apocynum androsaemifplium

CRYPTOMELA CARICIS (Corda) Sacc.

On Car ex sp. indet.

PESTALLOZZIA KRIEGERIANA Bres.

On Epilodium angustifolium

884 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters .

HYPHALES

MUCEDINACEAE

MICROSTROMA JUGLANDIS (Bereng.) Sacc.

On Juglans cinerea

Carya ovata

GLOMERULARIA CORNI Pk.

On Cornus canadensis

Lonicera canadensis

oblongifolia

PUSIDIUM PTERIDIS Kalchbr.

On Pteris aquilina

Aspidium marginale

MONILIA CRATAEGI Diedicke

On Crataegus spp. indet.

MONILIA FRUCTIGENA Pers.

On drupes of Prunus americana

MONILIA SEAVERI Reade.

On Prunus serotina

MONILIA . ANGUSTIO'R (Sacc.) Reade

On Prunus virginiana

OVULARIA DESTRUCTIVA (Phill. & Plowr.) Massee

On Myrica Gale

asplenifolia

OVULARIA OBLIQUA (Cke.) Oud.

On Rumex crispus

obtusifolius

OVULARIA ISARIOIDES Sacc.

On Staphylea trifolia

OVULARIA PYROLAE Trel.

On Pyrola elliptica

americana

SEPEDONIUM CHRYSOSPERMUM (Bull.) Fr.

On Boletus sp. indet.

r

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi .

885

GONATOBOTRYUM MACULICOLUM (Wint.) Sacc.

On Hamamelis virginiana

BIDYMARIA DIDYMA (Ung.) Schroet.

On Anemone virginiana

canadensis

Ranunculus recurvatus

fascicularis

septentrionalis

penrvsylv amicus

acris

SEPTOCYLINDRIUM RANUNCULI Pk.

On Ranunculus abortivus

SEPTOCYLINDRIUM CONCOMITANS (Ell. & Hoi.) Hals.

On Bidens frondosa

MASTIGOSPORIUM ALBUM Riess var. CALVUM Ell. & Davis

On Calamagrostis canadensis

RAMULARIA CANADENSIS Ell. & Erht.

On Caret v sp. indet.

RAMULARIA ALISMATIS Fautrey.

On AMsma Plantago-aquatica

RAMULARIA SUBRUFA Ell. & Hoi.

On Smilax ecirrhata

RAMULARIA DIOSCOREAE E. & E.

On Dioscorea villosa

RAMULARIA UREDINIS (Voss) Sacc.

On Salix frag Ms

longifolia

with Melampsora & Darluca

RAMULARIA ROSEA (Fckl.) Sacc.

On Salix discolor

petiolaris

RAMULARIA URTICAE Ces.

On TJrtica gracilis

RAMULARIA OCCIDENTALS Ell. & Kell.

On Rumex sp. indet.

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

RAMULARIA DECIPIENS Ell & Evht.

On Rumex crispus

RAMULARIA PRATENSIS Sacc.

On Rumex verticillatus

RAMULARIA RUFOMACULANS Pk.

On Polygonum aviculare

ampMbium

Muhlenbergii

cilinode

RAMULARIA ACTAEAE Ell. & Hoi.

On Actaea rubra

RAMULARIA ARMORACIAE Fckl.

On Radicula Armoracia

RAMULARIA BARBAREAE Pk.

On Barbarea sp. indet.

RAMULARIA MITELLAE Pk.

On Mitella diphylla

RAMULARIA HAMAMELIDIS Pk.

On Hamamelis virginiana

RAMULARIA TULASNEI Sacc.

On Fragaria virginiana

vesca

RAMULARIA MODESTA Sacc.

On FragarMa virginiana

RAMULARIA WALDSTEINIAE Ell. & Davia

On Waldsteinia fragarioides

RAMULARIA ARVENSIS Sacc.

On Potentilla monspeliensis

anserima

RAMULARIA DESMODII Cke.

On Astragalus sp. indet.

Desmodium sp. indet.

Lespedeza sp. indet.

RAMULARIA OXALIDIS Farl.

On Oxalis sp. indet.

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

887

RAMULARIA PRINI Pk.

On Ilex verticvllata

RAMULARIA NEMOPANTHIS Cke. & Pk.

On N emoparinithus mucronata

RAMULARIA CELASTRI Ell. & Mart.

On Celastrus scandens

RAMULARIA IMPATIENTIS Pk.

On Impaitiens pallida

biflora

RAMULARIA PUNCTIFORMIS (Schlecht.) v. HohEL

On Epilobium angustifolium

coloratum

RAMULARIA RETICULATA Ell. & Evht.

On Osmorhiza claytoni

RAMULARIA HERACLEI (Oud.) Sacc.

On Heracleum lanatum

RAMULARIA STOLONIFERA Ell. & Evht.

On Cornus stolonijera

alternifolia

RAMULARIA EFFUSA Pk.

On Vaccinium canadense

RAMULARIA MULTIPLEX Pk.

On Vaccinium macrocarpon

RAMULARIA LYSIMACHIAE Thuem.

On Lysimacli\la thyrsiflora

Steironema ciliatum (?)

RAMULARIA BRUNELLAE Ell. & HoL

On Prunella vulgaris

RAMULARIA MENTHICOLA Sacc.

On Mentha arvensis canadensis

RAMULARIA VARIABILIS Fckl.

On Verhascum Thapsus

RAMULARIA VERONICAE Fckl.

On Veronica peregrina

888

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

RAMULARIA PLANTAGINIS Ell. & Mart.

On Plantago cordata

Rugelii

RAMULARIA VIBURNI Ell. & Evht.

On Viburnum Lentago

RAMULARIA SAMBUCINA Sacc.

On Sambucus racemosa

RAMULARIA VIRGAUREAE Thuem.

On Solidago latifolia

ulmifplia

RAMULARIA SEROTINA Ell. & Evht.

On SoDidago serotina

RAMULARIA ASTERIS (Trel.) Barth.

On Aster novae-angliae

spp. indet.

RAMULARIA RUDBECKIAE Pk.

On Rudbeckia laciniata

RAMULARIA VARIEGATA Ell. & Hoi.

On Petasites palmatus

RAMULARIA TARAXACI Karst.

On Taraxacum officinale

PIRICULARIA GRISEA (Cke.) Sacc.

On Panicum sanguinale

Setaria italica

Leersia virginica

PIRICULARIA PARASITICA Ell. & Evht.

On Elymus virginYicus

Hystrix patula

CERCOSPORELLA PYRINA Ell. & Evht.

On Pyrus cormaria

CERCOSPORELLA APOCYNI (Ell. & Kell.) Trel.

On Apocynum androsaemifolium

cannabinum

CERCOSPORELLA RETICULATA Pk.

On Solidago serotiina

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

889

CERCOSPORELLA CANA (Pass.) Sacc.

On Erigeron annuus

ramosus

canadensis

Aster puniceus

DEMATIACEAE

DICOCCUM NEBULOSUM Ell. & Evht.

On Fraxinus americana

CLADOSPORIUM AROMATICUM Ell. & Evht.

On Rhus glabra

CLADOSPORIUM TRIOSTEI Pk.

On TrAosteum perfoliatum

POLYTHRINCIUM TRXFOLII Kze.

On Trifolium pratense

repens

PASSALORA FASCICULATA (C. & E.) Earl©

On Euphorbia corollata

FUSICLADIUM RADIOSUM (Lib.) Lindr.

On Populus tremuloides

grandidehtata

FUSICLADIUM DENDRITICUM (Wallr.) Fckl.

On Pyrus prunifolia

aoronaria

Malus

FUSICLADIUM DEPRESSUM (B. & Br.) Sacc.

On Angelica atropurpurea

SCOLECOTRICHUM GRAMINIS Fckl.

On many grasses

SCOLECOTRICHUM MACULICOLUM Ell. & Kell.

On Phragmites communis

HELMINTHOSPORIUM TERES Sacc.

On Hordeum vulgar e (cult.)

890

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters .

HELMINTHOSPORIUM GRAMINEUM

On Hordeum vulgar e (cult.)

HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM Pammel, King & Bakke

On Hordeum vulgare (cult.)

distichon (cult.)

HETEROSPORIUM ALLII Ell. & Mart.

On Allium canadense

CERCOSPORA SEQUOIAE Ell. & Evht. var. JUNIPERI Ell. &

Evht.

On Juniperus virginiana

CERCOSPORA SAGITTARIAE Ell. & Kell.

On Sagittaria latfifolia

hater ophylla

CERCOSPORA ALISMATIS Ell. & Hoi.

On Alisma Plantago-aquatica

CERCOSPORA CARICINA Ell. & Dearn.

On Carex rosea

cephaloidea

gracillima

arctata

CERCOSPORA SYMPLOCARPI Pk.

On Symplocarpus foetidus

CERCOSPORA CALLAE Pk. & Clint.

On Calla palustris

CERCOSPORA PONTEDERIAE Ell. & Dearn.

On Pontederia cordata

CERCOSPORA MAIANTHEMI Fckl.

On Maianthemum canadense

CERCOSPORA SUBSANGUINEA Ell. & Evht.

On Maianthemum canadense

CERCOSPORA MISSISSIPPIENSIS Tracy & Earle

On Smilax hispida

CERCOSPORA DIOSCOREAE Ell. & Mart.

On Dioscorea villosa

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

891

CERCOSPORA CYPRIPEDII Ell. & Dearn.

On Cypripedium parmfLorum

acaule

CERCOSPORA BOEHMERIAE Pk.

On Boehmeria cylindrica

CERCOSPORA AVICULARIS Wint.

On Polygonum aniculare

erectum

CERCOSPORA HYDROPIPERIS (Thuem.) Speg.

On Polygonum Hydropiper

CERCOSPORA DUBIA (Riess) Wint.

On Gheriopodium album

Atriplex patula

CERCOSPORA BETAECOLA Sacc.

On Beta vulgaris

CERCOSPORA OXYBAPHI Ell. & Hals.

On Oxybaphus nyctagineus

CERCOSPORA NYMPHAEACEA Cke. & Ellis

On Castalia tuberosa

CERCOSPORA SQUALIDULA Pk.

On Clematis virginiana

CERCOSPORA MERROWAE Ell. & Evht.

On lsopyrum biternaturm

CERCOSPORA MENISPERMI Ell. & Hoi.

On Menispermum canadense

CERCOSPORA CAULOPHYLLI Pk.

On Caulophyllum thalictr aides

CERCOSPORA NASTURTII Pass.

On RadicUla palustris

CERCOSPORA ARMOR AC I AE Sacc.

On Radicula Armoracia

CERCOSPORA SEDOIDES Ell. & Evht

On Penthorum sedoides

892 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

CERCOSPORA HEUCHERAE Ell. & Mart.

On Heuchera sp. indet.

CERCOSPORA RUBIGO Cke. & Hark (?)

On Spiraea saUcifolia

CERCOSPORA PYRI Farl.

On Pyrus arbutifolia

melanocarpa

CERCOSPORA COMAR I Pk.

On Potentilla palustris

CERCOSPORA ROSAECOLA Pass.

On Rosa Carolina

CERCOSPORA CIRCUMSCISSA Sacc.

On Prunus serotina

CERCOSPORA ZEBRINA Pass.

On Trifolium pratense

repens

hybridum

CERCOSPORA DAVIS 1 1 Ell. & Evht.

On Melilotus alba

CERCOSPORA DESMODII Ell. & Kell.

On Desmodium grandiflorum

CERCOSPORA VICIAE Ell. & Hoi.

On Vicia caroliniana

Lathyrus venosus

CERCOSPORA TUBEROSA Ell. & Kell.

On Apios tuberosa

CERCOSPORA MONOICA Ell. & Hoi.

On Amphicarpa monoica

CERCOSPORA GERANII Kell. & Swingle

On Geranium maculatum

CERCOSPORA ACALYPHAE Pk.

On Acalypha virginica

CERCOSPORA RHAMNI Fckl.

On Rhamnus alnifolia

cathartica

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi . 893

CERCOSPORA CEANOTHI Kell. & Swingle

On Ceanothus ovatus

CERCOSPORA AMPELOPSIDIS Pk.

On Psedera sp. indet.

CERCOSPORA VITICOLA Sacc.

On Vitis vulpina

CERCOSPORA MICROSORA Sacc.

On TUia americana

CERCOSPORA ALTHAEINA Sacc.

On Althaea rosea

CERCOSPORA GRANULIFORMIS Ell. & Hoi.

On Vi'ola spp. indet.

CERCOSPORA LYTHRI (West.) Niessl

On Lythrum alatum

CERCOSPORA OSMORHIZAE Ell. & Evht.

On Osnvorhiza longistylis

CERCOSPORA SII Ell. & Evht.

On Slum cicutaefolium

CERCOSPORA ZIZIAE Ell. & Evht.

On Zizia aurea

CERCOSPORA PLATYSPORA Ell. & Hoi.

On Taenidia integerrima

CERCOSPORA API I Fres. var. PASTINACAE Farl.

On Pastinaca sativa

CERCOSPORA EPIGAEINA Davis

On Epigaea repens

CERCOSPORA CLAVATA (Ger.) Pk.

On Asclepias incarnata

syrdaca

phytolaccoides

CERCOSPORA OMPHACODES Ell. & Hoi.

On Phlox divaricata

CERCOSPORA LIPPIAE Ell. & Evht.

On Lippia lanceolata

894

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

CERCOSPORA RACEMOSA Ell. & Mart.

On Teucrium canadense

Ambrosia trifida

CERCOSPORA PHYSALIDIS Ellis

On Physalis pubescens

JieteropTiylla

CERCOSPORA DIFFUSA Ell. & Evht.

On Physats sp. indet.

CERCOSPORA PENTSTEMONIS Ell. & Kell.

On Pentstemon hirsutus

CERCOSPORA GERARDIAE Ell. & Dtfarn.

On Gerardia grandiflora

CERCOSPORA GAL 1 1 Ell. & Hoi.

On Galium Aparine

tinctorium

CERCOSPORA CEPHALANTHI Ell. & Kell.

On Cephalanthus occidentalis

CERCOSPORA ANTIPUS Ell. & Hoi.

On Lonicera glaucescens

hirsuta

spp. indet.

CERCOSPORA VARIA Pk.

On Viburnum Opulus

Lentago

CERCOSPORA VERNONIAE Ell. & Kell.

On Vemonlia i fasciculata

CERCOSPORA PERFOLIATA Ell. & Evht.

On Eupatorium purpureum

perfoliatum

CERCOSPORA STOMATICA Ell. & Davis

On Solidago latifplia

CERCOSPORA GNAPHALIACEA Cke.

On Gnaphalium polycepUalum

CERCOSPORA HfLIANTHI Ell. & Evht.

On Helianthus occidentalis

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

895

CERCOSPORA UMBRATA Ell. & Hoi.

On Bidens connata

CERCOSPORA MEGALOPOTAMICA Speg.

On Bidens cernua

FUMAGO VAGANS Pers.

On Salix sp. indet.

Quercus alba

SARCINELLA HETEROSPORA Sacc.

On Lonicera SuUivantii

Corylus rostrata

Cornus stolonifera

STILBACEAE

ISARIA ARACHNOPHILA Ditm.

On Spiders

GRAPHIUM GRACILE Pk.

On Rubus idaeus var. aculeatissimus

ISARIOPSIS ALBO-ROSELLA (Desm.) Sacc.

On Cerastium vulgatum

viscosum

nutans

TUBERCULARIACEAE

TUBERCULINA PERSICINA (Ditm.) Sacc.

On the aecia of various rusts

TUBERCULINA DAVISIANA Sacc. & Trav.

On SaMx cordata

FUSARIUM HETEROSPORUM Nees.

On Glyceria septentrionalis

896 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters .

BEMIBASIDII

USTILAGINALES

USTILAGINACEAE

XJSTILAGO OSMUNDAE Pk.

On Gsmunda regailis

USTILAGO ZEAE (Beckm.) Unger

On Euchlaena luxurians

Zea mays

USTILAGO RABEMHORSTIANA Kuehn

On Digitaria sanguinale

USTILAGO NEGLECTA Niessl

On Setaria glauca

USTILAGO STRIAEFORMIS (West.) Niessl

On Phleum pratense

Ely mus canadensis

USTILAGO CALAMAGROSTIDIS (Fckl.) Clinton

On Calamagrostis canadensis

USTILAGO AVENAE (Pers.) Jensen

On Arena sativa (cult.)

USTILAGO LEVIS (Kell. & Sw.) Magn.

On Arena satira (cult.)

USTILAGO PERENNANS Rostr.

On Arrhenatherum elatius

USTILAGO LONGISSIMA (Sow.) Tul.

On Glyceria grandis

- var. MACROSPORA Davis

On Glyceria septentrionalis

USTILAGO SPERMOPHORA B. & C.

On Eragrostis hypnoides

megastachya

USTILAGO MACROSPORA Desm.

On Agropyron repens

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

USTILAGO TRITICI (Pers.) Rostr.

On Triflicum vulgare

USTILAGO HORDEI (Pers.) Kell. & Sw.

On Hordeum vulgare

USTILAGO NUDA (Jensen) Kell. & Sw.

On Hordeum vulgare

USTILAGO OLIVACEA (DC.) Tul.

On Carex rostrata

USTILAGO UTRICULOSA (Nees) Tul.

On Polygonum pennsylvanicum

USTILAGO OXALIDIS Ell. & Tracy

On Oxalis stricta

SPHACELOTHECA SORGHI (Lk.) Clinton

On Sorghum vulgare

SPHACELOTHECA HYDROPIPERIS (Schum.) D By.

On Polygonum sagittatum

CINTRACTIA CARICIS (Pers.) Magn.

On Carex spp. vaVii

CINTRACTIA SUBINCLUSA (Koern.) Magn.

On Carex lanuginosa

lupuMna

rostrata var. utriculata

CINTRACTIA JUNCI (Schw.) Trel.

On J uncus tenuis

SCHIZONELLA MELANOGRAMMA (DC.) Schroet.

On Carex pennsylvanica

SOROSPORIUM SYNTHERISMAE (Pk.) Farl.

On Panicum miliaceum (cult.)

Cenchrus carolinlanus

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters .

TILLETIACEAE

TILLETIA FOETENS (B. & C.) Trel.

On 'Triticum vulgar e (cult.)

TILLETIA TRITICI (Bjerk.) Wint.

On Triticum vulgar e (cult.)

TUBURCINIA CLINTONIAE Kom.

On Streptopus roseus

UROCYSTIS OCCULTA (Wallr.) Rabh.

On Hecale cereal e (cult.)

UROCYSTIS AGROPYRI (Preuss) Schrot.

On Elymus virginicus

canadensis

UROCYSTIS CEPULAE Frost

On AlUum Cepa

ENTYLOMA LINEATUM (Cke.) Davis

On Zizania palustris

ENTYLOMA CRASTOPHILUM Sacc.

On Phleum pratense

Agrostis alba vulgaris

ENTYLOMA NYMPHAEAE (Cunn.) Setch.

On Castalia odor at a

tuberosa

Nymphaea advena

ENTYLOMA MICROSPORUM (Ung.) Schrot.

On Ranunculus septentrionalis

ENTYLOMA RANUNCULI (Bon.) Schrot.

On Ranunculus pennsylvanicus

Anemone quinquefolia

ENTYLOMA THALICTRI Schrot.

On Thalictrum dioicum

dasycarpum

ENTYLOMA MENISPERMI Farl. & Tr<?l.

On Menispermum canadense

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi .

899

ENTYLOMA FLOERKEAE Holw.

On FloerTcea proserpinacoides

ENTYLOMA SANICULAE Pk.

On Sanicula marylandica

ENTYLOMA AUSTRALE Sp eg.

On Phy sails virginiana

heterophylla

spp. indet.

ENTYLOMA LINARIAE Schroet. var. VERONICAS Wint

On Veronica peregrina

ENTYLOMA LOBELIAE Farl.

On Lobelia inflata

ENTYLOMA COMPOSITARUM Farl.

On Eupatorium uruicae folium

Aster paniculatus

pumiceus

Erigeron philadelphicus

Silphium integrifolium

Ambrosia trifida

artemisiae folia

Lepachys pinnata

Helenium autumnale

Senecio aureus

ENTYLOMA POLYSPORUM (Pk.) Farl.

On Ambrosia artemisiaefolia

BURRILLIA PUSTULATA Setch.

On Sagittaria latifolia

DOASSANSIA MARTI ANOFFIANA (Thum.) Schrot

On Potamogeton sp. indet.

DOASSANSIA SAGITTARIAE (West.) Fisch.

On SagittarKa latifolia

- — forma CONFLUENS Davis

On Sagittaria heterophylla elliptica

DOASSANSIA OPACA Setch.

On Sagittaria latifolia

900 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters .

DOASSANSIA INTERMEDIA Setch.

On Sagittaria latifolia

DOASSANSIA DEFORMANS Setch.

On Sagittaria latifolia

DOASSANSIA ALISMATIS (Nees) Cornu

On Alisma Plantago-aquatica

DOASSANSIA RANUNCULINA Davis

On Ranunculus delphinifolius

TRACYA LEMNAE (Setch.) Syd.

On Spirodela polyrhisa

UREDINALES

PUCCINIACEAE

The Roman numerals I, II, III are used to indicate the aecial,

uredinial and telial states respectively.

UROMYCES SPARGANII Cke. & Pk.

On Sparganium eurycarpum III.

UROMYCES HALSTEDII De Toni

On Leersia virgmica II, III.

UROMYCES MINIMUS Davis

On Muhlenbergia sylvatica II. III.

UROMYCES ACUMINATU S Arth.

On Spartina michauxiana II, III.

Steironema lanceolaium I.

Phlox pilosa I.

Polemonium reptans I.

UROMYCES AMPHIDYMUS Syd.

On Glyceria septentrionalis II, III.

UROMYCES ELEOCHARIDIS Arth.

On Eleochans palustris II, III.

\

UROMYCES SCIRPI Burr.

On Scirpus fluviatilis II, III.

Cicuta maculata I.

hull) if era I.

Slum cicutaefolium I.

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi .

901

UROMYCES UNIPORULUS Kern.

On Carex gracillima II, III.

UROMYCES PERIGYNIUS Hals.

On Carex intumescens III.

UROMYCES MINUTUS Diet.

On Carex gracillima

UROMYCES ARISAEMAE Cke.

On. Arisaema triphyllum I, II, III.

Dracontium I, II, III.

UROMYCES PYRIFORMIS Cke1.

On Acorus Calamus III.

UROMYCES JUNCI-TENUIS Syd.

On J uncus tenuis II, III.

SiJphium terebinth in aceum I.

integrifolium I.

p erf otia turn I.

UROMYCES JUNCI-EFFUSI Syd.

On J uncus effusus II, III.

UROMYCES HOLWAYI Lagh.

On Lilium canadense II, III.

UROMYCES POLYGONI (Pers.) Fckl.

On Polygonum aviculare II, III.

Polygonum erectum II, III.

On Dianthus CaryopJiyllus (cult.) II, III.

UROMYCES CARY OPHYLLINUS (Schrank) Wint.

UROMYCES TRIFOLII (Hedw.) Lev.

On Trifolium pratense II, III.

UROMYCES TRIFOLI I-REPENTI S (Cast.) Liro

On Trifolium incarnatum I, II, III, fide Trelease

repens I, II, III.

hybridum II, III.

UROMYCES QBLONGUS Vize

On Trifolium repens I.

UROMYCES HEDY S ARI-PANICULATI (Schw.) Farl.

On Desmodium Dillenii

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

UROMYCES LESPEDEZAE-PROCUMBENTIS (Schw.) Lagh.

On Lespedeza violacea I, II.

capitata I, II, III.

sp. indet. I, II, III.

UROMYCES ALBUS (Clint.) Diet & Holw.

On Vicia americana I.

UROMYCES FABAE (Pers.) DBy.

On Vicia americana II.

Lathyrus palustris I.

venosus I, II, III.

ochroleucus III.

UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS (Pers.) Lk.

On Phaseolus vulgaris II, III.

UROMYCES EUPHORBIAE Cke. & Pk.

On Euphorbia polygonifolia I, III.

Preslii I, II, III.

maculata I, II, III.

UROMYCES TOXICODENDRI Berk. & Rav.

On Rhus Toxicodendron II, III.

UROMYCES HYPERICI-FRONDOSI (Schw.) Arth.

On Hypericum ascyron III.

punctatum II, III.

boreale II, III.

virginicum I, II, III.

UROMYCES HOWEI Pk.

On Asclepias incarnata III.

syriaca III.

UROMYCES PLUMB ARIU S Pk.

On Oenothera biennis I.

UROMYCES RUDBECKIAE Arth. & Holw.

On RudbecTcia laciniata III.

PUCCINIA ANDROPOGONIS Schw.

On Andropogon scoparius III.

Pentstemon hirsutus I.

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

903

PUCCINIA PUSTULATA (Curt.) Arth.

On Andropogon scoparius II, III.

furcatus II, III.

Gomandra umbellata I.

Richards iama I.

PUCCINIA CEANOTHI (E. & K.) Arth.

On Ceanothus ovatus I.

PUCCINIA SORGHI Schw.

On Zea Mays II, III.

PUCCINIA EMACtJLATA Schw.

On Panicum capillare II, III.

PUCCINIA PANICI Diet.

On Panicum virgatum, II, III.

Euphorbia corollata I.

PUCCINIA SESSILIS Schneid.

On Phalaris arundinacea III*

PUCCINIA MILII Erikss.

On Milium effusum II.

Oryzopsis asperifolia II, III*

PUCCINIA STIPAE Arth.

On Stipa spartea II, III.

PUCCINIA MUKLENBERGIAE Arth. & Holw.

On Muhlenbergia foliosa III.

PUCCINIA PHLEI-PRATENSIS Erikss. & Henn.

On Phleum pratense II, III.

PUCCINIA SYDOWIANA Diet.

On Sporobolus asper III.

PUCCINIA PYGMAEA Erikss.

On Calamagrostis canadensis II, III.

PUCCINIA PERMINUTA Arth.

On Oinna arundinacea III.

PUCCINIA EATONIAE Arth.

On Sphenopholis pallens II, III.

Ranunculus abortivus I.

904 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

PUCCINIA MONOICA (Pk.) Arth.

On Arabis lyrata I.

PUCCINIA CORONATA Corda.

On Arena sativa II, III.

Calamagrostis canadensis II, III.

Dactylis glomerate II, III.

Rhamnus alnifolia I.

cathartica I.

PUCCINIA PERIDERMIOSPORA (Ell. & Tracy) Arth.

On Spartina michauxiana II, III.

Fraxinus americana I.

Fraxinus nigra I.

PUCCINIA SEYMOURIANA Arth.

On Spartina michauxiana II, III.

Gephalanthus occidental is I.

PUCCINIA VEXANS Farl.

On Bouteloua curtipendula II, III.

PUCCINIA BARTHOLOMAEI Diet.

On Asclepiias syriaca I.

PUCCINIA PHRAGMITIS (Schum.) Koern.

On Phragmites communis II, III.

Rumex spp. indet. I.

PUCCINIA SIMILLIMA Arth.

On Phragmites communis II, III.

Anemone canadensis I.

PUCCINIA POARUM Niels.

On Poa pratensis II.

PUCCINIA TOMIPARA Trel.

On Bromus ciliatus II, III.

Clematis virginiana I.

PUCCINIA IMPATIENTIS (Schw.) Arth.

On Eiymus virginicus II, III.

striatus II, III.

Impatiens palllida I.

biflora I.

PUCCINIA APOCRYPTA Ell. & Tracy

On Hystrix patula III.

Shepherdia canadensis I.

Davis • — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi. 905

PUCCINIA RUBIGO-VERA (DC.) Wint.

On Agropyron repens II, III.

Triticum vulgare II, III.

Hordeum jubatum II, III.

PUCCINIA SIMPLEX (Koern.) Erikss. & Henn.

On Hordeum vulgare II, III.

PUCCINIA GRAMINIS Perg.

On Milium effusum III.

Alopecurus geniculatus aristulatus II, III.

Agrostis alba vulgaris III.

hy emails II, III.

Ginna arundinacea II, III.

Avena sativa II, III.

Briza maxima II, III.

Dactylis glomerata II, III.

Glyceria grandis III.

Agropyron repens II, III.

caninum II, III.

Triticum vulgare II, III.

Hordeum jubatum III.

vulgare II, III.

Elymus canadensis III.

striatus III.

Secale cereale II, III.

Herberts vulgaris I.

PUCCINIA CYPERI Arth.

On Gy per us Schweinitzii III.

strigosus II, III.

fiMculmis III.

Xanthium sp. indet. I.

PUCCINIA DULICHII Syd.

On Dulichium arundinaceum III.

PUCCINIA ELEOCH ARIDI S Arth.

On Eleocharts palustris II, III.

Eupatorium purpureum I.

perfoliatum I.

PUCCINIA OBTECTA Pk.

On Scirpus amerieanus II, III.

validus III.

Bidens fnmdosa I.

906 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

PUCCINIA ANGUSTATA Pk.

On Scirpus atrovirens II, III.

lineatus II, III.

cypertnus pelius III.

pedicellatus III.

Lycopus virginicus I.

americanus I.

PUCCINIA CARICIS (Schum.) Rebent

On XJriica gracilis I.

PUCCINIA ALBIPERIDIA Arth.

On Garex gracillima II, III.

Rides cynosbati I.

gracile I.

oxyacanthoides I.

americanum I.

prestratum I.

PUCCINIA PECKII (DeToni) Kell.

On Carex trichocarpa III.

Oenothera biennis I.

PUCCINIA PATRUELIS Arth.

On Lactuca Bcariola integrate I.

canadensis I.

Prenanthes alba I.

Hieracium scabrum I.

PUCCINIA PHRYMAE (Hals.) Arth.

On Carex longirostris II, III.

Phryma Leptostachya I.

PUCCINIA BOLLEYANA Sacc.

On Carex trichocarpa III.

Sambucus canadensis I.

PUCCINIA CARICIS-SOLIDAGINIS Arth.

On Bondage spp. varii I.

PUCCINIA CARICIS-ASTERIS Arth.

On Aster spp. varii I.

PUCCINIA CARIC1S-ERIGERONTIS Arth.

On Erigeron spp. varii I.

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

907

PUCCINIA OBSCURA Schroet.

On Luzula campestris II, III.

PUCCINIA ZYGADENI Trel.

On Zygadenus chloranthus III.

PUCCINIA ASPARAGI DC.

On Asparagus officinalis II, III.

PUCCINIA MESOMEGALA B. & C.

On Clintonia borealis III.

PUCCINIA ALETRIDIS B. & C.

On Aletris farinosa II, III.

PUCCINIA IRIDIS (DC.) Wallr.

On Iris versicolor II.

PUCCINIA CYPRIPEDII Arth.

On Cypripedium parviflorum II, III.

PUCCINIA ORNATA Arth. & Hoi.

On Rumex Britannica III.

PUCCINIA POLYGONI-AMPHIBII Pers.

On Polygonum amphlbium II, III.

hydropiperoides II.

virginianum II, III.

convolvulus II, III.

Geranium maculatum I.

PUCCINIA THALICTRI Chev.

On Thalictrum dioicum III.

dasycarpum III.

PUCCINIA ANEMONES-VIRGINIANA Schw.

On Anemone cylindrica III.

virginiana III.

PUCCINIA FUSCA (PeTs.) Wint.

On Anemone quinquefolia III.

PUCCINIA CALTHAE Lk.

On Caltha palustris II, III.

PUCCINIA ZOPFII Wint.

On Caltha palustris III

908 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts 9 and Letters.

PUCCINIA PODOPHYLLI Schw.

On Podophyllum peltatum I, III.

PUCCINIA CURTIPES Howe.

On Saxifraga pennsylvanica III.

Heuchera americana HI.

hispida III.

PUCCINIA HEUCHERAE (Schw.) Diet.

On Mitella diphylla III.

nuda III.

PUCCINIA RIBIS DC.

On Ribes prostratum III.

triste III.

PUCCINIA WALDSTEINIAE Curt.

On Waldsteinia fragarioides III.

PUCCINIA PRUNI-SPINOSAE Pers.

On Prunus serotina II, III.

virginiana II, III.

pennsylvanica II, III.

americana II, III.

Hepatica acutiloba I.

AneMcne quinquefoMa I.

PUCCINIA AMORPHAE Curt.

On Amorpha canescens II, III.

fruticosa II, III.

PUCCINIA PETALOSTEMONIS Farl.

On Petalostemum sp. indet. II, III.

PUCCINIA ARGENT AT A (Schultz) Wint.

On Impatiens biflora II, III.

PUCCINIA MALVACEARUM Mont.

On Althaea rosea III.

Malva rotundifolia III.

PUCCINIA VIOLAE

On Viola spp. vani I, II, III.

PUCCINIA CIRCAEAE Pers.

On Circaea lutetiana III.

alpina III.

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

909

PUCCINIA PROSERPINACAE Farl.

On Proserpinaca palustris III.

PUCCINIA MARYLANDICA Lindr.

On Sanicula marilandica I, II, III.

gregaria I, II, III.

PUCCINIA OSMORHIZAE (Pk.) Cke. & Pk.

On Osmorhiza claytoni I, II, III.

longistylis I, II, III.

PUCCINIA BULLATA (Pers.) Wint.

On Taemdia integerrima II, III.

PUCCINIA PORPHYROGENITA Curt.

On Cornus canadensis III.

PUCCINIA DAYI Clint.

On Steironema ciliatum III

lanceolatum III.

PUCCINIA GENTIANAE (Strauss) Lk.

On Gmtiana andrewsii II, III.

PUCCINIA HALENIAE Arth. & Hoi.

On Halenia deflexa III.

PUCCINIA CONVOLVULI (Pers.) Cast.

On Convolvulus sepium I, II, III.

PUCCINIA HYDROPHYLLI Pk. & Clint.

On Hydrophyllum virginicum III.

PUCCINIA HYSSOPI Schw.

On Agastache scrophulariaefolia III.

PUCCINIA MENTHAE Pers. var. AMERICANA Burr.

On Monarda fistulosa I, II, III.

punctata II, III.

Hedeoma pulegioides III.

Satureja vulgaris III.

Pycnanthemum virginianum II, III.

Mentha arvensis canadensis II, III.

PUCCINIA PHYSALIDIS Pk.

On Physalis virginiana III.

910 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters.

PUCCINIA VERONICARUM DC.

On Veronica virginica III.

PUCCINIA CLINTONII Pk.

On Pedicularis canadensis III.

PUCCINIA PUNCTATA Lk.

On Galium Aparine I.

tinctorium I.

concinnum II, III.

asprellum I, II, III.

triflorum II, III.

PUCCINIA RUBEFACIENS Johans.

On Galium boreale III.

PUCCINIA LOBELIAE Ger.

On Lobelia siphilitica III.

PUCCINIA VERNON1AE Schw.

On Vernonia fasciculata II, III.

PUCCINIA TENUIS (Schw.) Burr.

On Eupat\orium urticaefolium I, III.

PUCCINIA KUHNIAE Schw.

On Kuhnia eupatorioides II, III.

PUCCINIA TRACYI Sacc. & Syd.

On Solidago sp. indet . III.

PUCCINIA ASTERIS Duby

On Aster spp. varii III.

PUCCINIA SILPHII Schw.

On Bilphium lacmiatum III.

integrifolium III.

perforatum III.

PUCCINIA HELIANTHI Schw.

On Helianthus spp. varii. I, II, III.

PUCCINIA XANTHII Schw.

On Ambrosia trifida III.

Xanthium sp. indet. III.

PUCCINIA ABSINTHII DC.

On Artemisia dracunculaides II, III.

PUCCINIA. NARDOSMIAE' E. & E.

On Petasites palmaius III.

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

911

PUCCINIA RECEDENS Syd.

On Senecio aureus III.

PUCCINIA CIRSII-LANCEOLATI Scbroet.

On Cirsium lanceolatum I , II, III.

PUCCINIA CIRSII Lascli

On Cirsium discolor II, III.

altissimum II, III.

PUCCINIA OBTEGENS (Lk.) Tul.

On Cirsium arvense O, II, III.

PUCCINIA TARAXACI (Rebent.) Plowr.

On Taraxacum officinale II, III.

PUCCINIA HEMISPHAERICA (Pk.) Ell. & Evht.

On Lactuca pulchella II, III.

PUCCINIA ORBICULA Pk.

On Prenanthes alba II, III.

PUCCINIA HIERACII (Sebum.) Mart.

On Hicracium scabrum II, III.

canadense II, III.

GYMNOCONIA PECKIANA (Howe) Trotter

On Rubus occidentalis I, III.

idacus aculeatissimus I.

triflorus III.

allegfienicnsis I, III.

canadensis III.

TRIPHRAGMIUM CLAVELLOSUM Berk.

On Aralia nudicaulis III.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM CORNUTUM (Pers.) Artb.

On Pyrus americana I.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM DAVISII Kern

On Juniperus communis depressa III.

Pyrus melanocarpa I.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM CLAVIPES Cke. & Pk.

On Juniperus communis depressa III.

Amelanchier oblongifolia I.

Cydonia vulgaris I.

912 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM CLAVARIAEFORME (Jacq.) DC.

On Amelalnchier spicata I.

Junipcrus communis depressa III.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM JUNIPERI-VIRGINIANAE Schw.

On Juniperus virginiana III.

Pyrus coronaiMa I.

ioensis I.

Malus I.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM NIDUS-AVIS Thaxt.

On Amelanchier canadensis I.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM JUVENESCENS Kern.

On Juniperus virginiana III.

Amelanchier canadensis I.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM GLOBOSUM Farl.

On Juniperus virginiana III.

Crataegus macrantha succulenta I.

spp. indet. I.

PHRAGMIDIUM ANDERSONI Shear

On Potentilla fruticosa II.

PHRAGMIDIUM POTENTILLAE-CANADENSIS Diet

On Potentilia canadensis II, III.

PHRAGMIDIUM I MIT AMS Arth.

On Rudus idaeus aculeatisSimus II, III.

occidentals II, III.

PHRAGMIDIUM OCCIDENTALS Arth.

On Ruhus parviflorus I, III.

PHRAGMIDIUM SPECXOSUM Fr.

On Rosa l)landa I, III.

^parviflora" III.

rugosa

sp. indet. (cult.)

PHRAGMIDIUM DISCIFLORUM (Tode) James

On Rosa Wanda I, II, III.

“ parviflora ” II, III.

? woodsii II, III.

Carolina

spp. indet.

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

913

KUEHNEOLA UREDINIS (Lk.) Arth.

On Rubus hispidus II, III.

allegheniensis II, III-

canadensis II.

villosus II.

MELAMPSORACEAE

MELAMPSORA BIGELOWII Thuem.

On Salix amygdaloides III.

Iucida II.

fragilis X alba II.

discolor II, III.

spp. indet. II, III.

Larix laridtina I.

MELAMPSORA MEDUSAE Thuem.

On Populus tremuloides II, III.

grandidentata II, III.

deltoides II, III.

MELAMPSORA LINI (Pers.) Desm.

On Uinum usitatissimum II, III.

sulcatum II.

MELAMPSORELLA CERASTII (H. Mart.) Schroet

On Abies balsamea I.

MELAMPSORIDIUM BETULINUM (Pe'rs.) Kleb.

On Betula pumila II.

Larix laricina I.

MELAMPSOROPSIS PYROLAE (DC.) Arth.

On Pyrola secunda II.

elliptica II.

MELx^MPSOROPSIS LEDI (Lk.) Arth.

On Ledum groenlandUlcum II.

MELAMPSOROPSIS LEDICOLA (Pk.) Arth.

On Picea Mariana I.

MELAMPSOROPSIS CASSANDRAE (Pk. & Cl.) Arth.

On Chamaedaphne calyculata II.

Picea mariana I.

914 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

MELAMPSOROPSIS ARCTOSTAPHYLI (Diet.) Arth.

On Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi III

MELAMPSOROPSIS CHIOGENIS (Diet.) Arth.

On Chiogenes hispidula II

PUCCINIASTRUM POTENTILLAE Kom.

On Potentilla tridentata II

PUCCINIASTRUM ARCTICUM (Lagh.) Tranz. var. AMERU

CANUM Farl.

On Rubus idaeus aculeatissimus II, III

occidentalis II.

triflorus II.

PUCCINIASTRUM AGRIMONIAE (Schw.) Tranz.

On Agrimonia striata II, III.

gryposepala II.

spp. indet. II.

PUCCINIASTRUM PUSTULATUM (Pers.) Ditft.

On Epilobium angusHfolium II, III.

adenocaulom II, III.

coloratura II.

Abies balsamea I.

PUCCINIASTRUM PYROLAE (Pers.) Diet.

On Chimaphila umbellata II.

Pyrola secunda II.

elliptica II.

americana II.

PUCCINIASTRUM MYRTILLI (Schum.) Arth.

On Vaccinium pennsylvanicum II, III.

canadense II.

HYALOPSORA POLYPODII (DC.) Magn.

On Cystopteris fragiKs II.

UREDINOPSIS PHEGOPTERIDIS Arth.

On Phegopteris Dryopteris II, III.

UREDINOPSIS ATKINSONII Magn.

On Asplenium Filix-foemina II, III.

Aspidium Thelypteris II.

UREDINOPSIS MIRABILIS (Pk.) Magn.

On Onoclea sensibiUs II.

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi. 915

UREDINOPSIS STRUTHIOPTERIDIS Stoermer.

On Onoclea Struthiopteris II, III.

UREDINOPSIS OSMUNDAE Magn.

On Osmunda regalis II, III.

Glaytoniana II.

cinnamomea II, III.

CRONARTIUM COMPTONIAE Arth.

On Myrica asplenifolia II, IIL

CRONARTIUM QUERCUS (Brondeau) Schroet.

On Quercus alia II.

velutina III.

CRONARTIUM COMANDRAE Pk.

On Gomandra umbellata II, Ill.

COLEOSPORIACEAE

COLEOSPORIUM VIBURNI Arth.

On Viburnum Lentago II, III.-

COLEOSPORIUM CAMPANULAE (Pers.) Lev.

On Campanula americana II.

COLEOSPORIUM SOLIDAGINIS (Schw.) Thuem.

On Solidago spp. varii II, III.

Aster spp. varii II, III.

ISOLATED FORMS

UREDO SP. INDET.

On Mimulus ringens

CAEOMA ABIETIS-CANADENSIS Farl.

On Tsuga canadensis

AECIDIUM SMILACINAE Schum.

On Smilacina racemosa

Polygonatum biflorum

commutatum

AECIDIUM IRIDIS Gerard

On Iris versicolor

AECIDIUM THALICTRI Grev.

On Thatictrum dioicum

dasycarpum

916 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters .

AECIDIUM RANUNCULACEARUM D C.

On Anemone quinquefolia

canadensis

AECIDIUM ACTAEAE Opiz.

On Actaea sp. indet.

AECIDIUM DICENTRAE Trel.

On Bicentra Cucullaria

AECIDIUM SP. INDET.

On Amphicarpa monoica

AECIDIUM POLY GALINUM Pk.

On Polygala Senega

AECIDIUM EUPHORBIAE Gmel.

On Euphorbia commutata

AECIDIUM HYDNOIDEUM B. & C.

On Dirca palustms.

AECIDIUM NESAEAE Gerard

On Decodon verticillatus

AECIDIUM LYSIMACHIAE (Schlecht.) Wallr.

On Lysimachia thyrsiflora

AECIDIUM SP. INDET.

On Mimulus ringens

Castilleja sessiliflora

AECIDIUM COMPOSITARUM

On Yernonia noveboracensis

Polymnia canadensis

Rudbeclcia laciniata

Cacalia reniformis

Erigia amplexicaulis

PERIDERMIUM BALSAMEUM Pk.

On Abies balsamea

PERIDERMIUM SP. INDET.

On Pinus Banksiana

PERIDERMIUM SP. INDET.

On Tsuga canadensis

Davis— -A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

917

hymenomycbtbs

AGARICACBAE

PANAEOLUS EPIMYCES Pk.

On Coprinus. atramentarius

comatus

THELEPHORACEAE

EXOBASIDIUM YACCINII Wor.

On Andromeda glaucophylla

Chamaedaphne calyculata

Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi

Gaylussacia baccata

Vaccinium pennsylvanicum

canadense

macrocarpon

MYCELIA STERILIA

SCLEROTIUM ZIZANIAE (Davis)

On Zizania palustris

SCLEROTIUM RHIZODES Awd.

On Calamagrostis canadensis

Phalaris arundinacea

Phleum pratense

Agrostis hyemaMs

neglecta

Sphenopholis pallens

Poa pratensis

Glyceria nervata

Bromus ciliatus

Agropyron caninum

Hordeum jubatum

SCLEROTIUM GLOBULIFERUM (Davis)

On Glyceria septentrionalis

SCLEROTIUM BIFRONS Ell. & Evht.

On Pcpulus tremuloides

SCLEROTIUM NERVALE (A. & S.) Fr.

On Violdfaubescens

918 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

INDEX TO HOSTS

ABIES BALSAMEA

Melampsorella cerastii, 913

Peridermium balsameum, 916

Pucciniastrum pustulatum, 914

ACALYPHA VIRGINICA

Cercospora acalyphae, 892

Peronospora euphorbiae, 852

ACER NEGUNDO

Cylindrosporium negundinis, 883

Gloeosporium apocrytum, 881

Phyllosticta negundinis, 866

ACER RUBRUM

Phleospora aeeris, 878

Phyllosticta minima, 866

Rhytisma aeerinum, 863

Uncinula circinata, 856

ACER SACCHARINUM

Rhytisma aeerinum, 863

Uncinula circinata, 856

ACER SACCHARUM

Cylindrosporium saccharinum, 883

Gloeosporium saccharinum, 881

Phyllactinia corylea, 859

Phyllosticta minima, 866

Rhytisma aeerinum, 863

- punctatum,., 863

Septoria saceharina, 873

Uncinula circinata, 856

ACER SPICATUM

Phyllosticta minima, 866

Rhytisma aeerinum, 863

Rhytisma punctatum, 863

ACNIDA TUBERCULATA

Albugo bliti, 849

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

ACORUS CALAMUS

Uromyces pyriformis, 901

ACTAEA RUBRA

Ramularia actaeae, 886

ACTAEA

Aecidium actaeae, 916

AECIDIUM

Tuberculina persicina, 895

AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM

Phyllostica paviae, 866

AGARICACEA

Hypomyces lactifluorum, 860

— - - viridis, 860

AGASTACHE SCROPHULARIAEFOLIA

Ascochyta lophanthi, 869

Peronospora lophanthi, 853

Puccinia hyssopi, 909

Sphaerotheca humuli fuliginea, 855

AGRIMONIA GRYPOSEPALA

Pucciniastrum agrimoniae, 914

Sphaerotheca humuli, 855

AGRIMONIA PARVIFLORA

Peronospora potentillae, 852

AGRIMONIA STRIATA

Pucciniastrum agrimoniae, 914

Septoria agrimoniae-eupatorii, 872

Sphaerotheca humuli, 855

AGRIMONIA

Pucciniastrum agrimoniae, 914

Septoria agrimoniae-eupatoriae, 872

Sphaerotheca humuli, 855

AGROPYRON CANINUM

Puccinia graminis, 905

Sclerotium rhizodes, 917

920 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters .

AGROPYRON REPENS

Claviceps, 861

Erysiphe graminis, 857

Puccinia graminis, 905

Puccinia rubigo-vera, 905

Septoria agropyri, 869

Ustilago macrospora, 896

AGROSTIS ALBA

Entyloma crastophilum, 898

Puccinia graminis, 905

AGROSTIS H YE MALI S

Ciaviceps1, 860

Puccinia graminis, 905

Sclerotium rbizodes, 917

ALETRIS FARINOSA

Puccinia aletridis, 907

ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUATICA

Cercospora alismatis, 890

Cladochytrium maculare, 848

Doassansia alismatis, 900

Romularia alismatis, 885

ALLIUM CANADENSE

Heterosporium allii, 890

ALLIUM CEPA

Peronospora schleideni, 851

Urocystis cepulae, 898

•ALLIUM TRICOCCUM

Septoria viridi-tingens, 870

ALNUS INCANA

Erysiphe aggregata, 857

Phyllactinia corylea, 858

Exoascus alni-incanae, 864

ALNUS

Septoria alnifolia, 870

ALOPE* URUS GENICULATUS

Puccinia graminis, 905

Davis — • A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

ALTHAEA ROSEA

Cercospora althaeina, 893

Puccinia malvacearum, 908

AMARANTHUS BLITOIDES

Albugo bliti, 849

AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS

Albugo bliti, 849

AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS

Albugo bliti, 849

AMBROSIA ARTEMISIAEFOLIA

Albugo tragopogonis, 850

Entyloma compositarum, 899

Entyloma polysporum, 899

Erysiphe cicboracearum, 858

Physalospora ambrosiae, 859

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Protomyces andinus, 854

AMBROSIA TRIFIDA

Cercospora racemosa, 894

Entyloma compositarum, 899

Physalospora ambrosiae, 859

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Protomyces andinus, 854

Puccinia xanthii, 910

Septoria bacilligera, 877

AMELANCHIER CANADENSIS

Entomosporium maculatum cydoniae, 879

Gymnosporangium juvenescens, 912

Gymnosporangium nidus-avis, 912

AMELANCHIER OBLONGIFOLIA .

Gymnosporangium clavipes, 911

AMELANCHIER SPICATA

Entomosporium maculatum domesticum, 879

Gymnosporangium clavariaeforme, 912

AMELANCHIER

Dimerosporium collinsii, 859

Phyllosticta destruens, 866

922 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters ,

AMORPHA CANESCENS

Puccinia amorphae, 908

AMORPHA FRUTICOSA

Puccinia amorphae, 908

AMPHICARPA MONOICA

Aecidium sp. indet. 916

Cercospora monoica, 892

Erysiphe polygoni, 857

Synchytrium decipiens, 848

ANDROMEDA GLAUCOPHYLLA

Exohasidium vaccinii, 917

Rhytisma andromedae, 864

ANDROPOGON FURCATUS

Epichloe typhina, 861

Puccinia pustulata, 903

ANDROPOGON SCOPARIUS

Puccinia andropogonis, 902

Puccinia pustulata, 903

ANEMONE CANADENSIS

Aecidium ranunculacearum, 916

Didymaria didyma, 885

Plasmopora pygmaea, 850

Puccinia simillima, 904

ANEMONE CYLINDRICA

Puccinia anemones-virginianae, 907

ANEMONE QUINQUEFOLIA

Aecidium ranunculacearum, 916

Entyloma ranunculi, 898

Plasmopara pygmaea, 850

Puccinia fusca, 907

Puccinia pruni-spinosae, 908

Sclerotinia tuberosa, 863

Synchytrium anemones, 848

ANEMONE VIRGINIANA

Didymaria didyma, 885

Puccinia anemones-virginianae, 907

ANGELICA ATROPURPUREA

Fusicladiura depressum, 889

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

APHIDES

Empusa aphidis,849

APIOS TUBEROSA

Cercospora tuberosa, 892

APIUM GRAVEOLENS

Septoria apii, 874

APPLES

Gloeosporium fructigenum, 880

APOCYNUM ANDROSAEMIFOLIUM

Cercosporella apocyni, 888

Cylindrosporium apocyni, 883

Septogloeum apocyni, 882

APOCYNUM CANNABINUM

Cercosporella apocyni, 888

Phyllosticta apocyni, 867

AQUILEGIA CANADENSIS

Etysiphe polygoni, 857

Septoria aquilegiae, 871

ARABIS LAEVIGATA

Peronospora parasitica, 852

ARABIS LYRATA

Puccinia monoica, 904

ARACHNIDA

Isaria arachnophila, 895

ARALIA HISPIDA

Cylindrosporium leptospermum, 883

ARALIA NUDICAULIS

Cylindrosporium leptospermum, 883

Triphragmium clavellosum, 911

ARALIA RACEMOSA

Phyllosticta decidua, 867

924 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters .

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URSI

Asterina gaultheriae,862

Exobasidium vaccinii, 917

Dimerosporium conglobatum, 859

Melampsoropsis arctostaphyli, 914

ARISAEMA DRACONTIUM

Uromyces arisaemae, 901

ARISAEMA TRIPHYLLUM

Uromyces arisaemae, 901

ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS

Ustilago perennans, 896

ARTEMISA BIENNIS

Albugo tragopogonis, 850

Peronospora leptosperma, 853

ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES

Puccinia absintbii, 910

ASARUM CANADENSE

Syncbytrium asari, 848

ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA

Cercospora clavata, 893

Septoria asclepiadicola, 874

Uromyces howei, 902

ASCLEPIAS PHYTOLACCOIDES

Cercospora clavata, 893

ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA

Cercospora clavata, 893

Puccinia bartholomaei, 904

Uromyces howei, 902

ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS

Puccinia asparagi, 907

ASPIDIUM MARGINALE

Fusidium pteridis, 884

ASPIDIUM THELYPTERIS

Uredinopsis atkinsonii, 914

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi. 925

ASPLENIUM FILIX-FOEMINA

Uredinopsis atkinsonii, 914

ASTER DIVARICATUS

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

ASTER DRUMMONDII

Basidiophora entospora, 853

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

Septoria astericola, 877

Septoria atropurpurea, 877

ASTER LAEVIS

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

ASTER LATERIFLORUS

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

ASTER MACROPHYLLUS

Septoria atropurpurea, 877

ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE

Basidiophora entospora, 853

Ramularia asteris, 888

ASTER PANICULATUS

Entyloma compositarum, 899

ASTER PUNICEUS

Basidiophora entospora, 853

Cereosporella cana, 889

Entyloma compositarum, 899

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

Septoria solidaginicola, 876

ASTER SHORTII

Septoria solidaginicola, 876

ASTER UMBELLATUS

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

Phyllosticta astericola, 867

Septoria solidaginicola, 876

ASTER VIMINEUS

Septoria atropurpurea, 877

926 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters .

ASTER

Coleosporium solidaginis, 915

Montagnella heliopsidis, 862

Puccinia asteris, 910

Puccinia caricis-asteris,906

Ramularia asteris, 888

Rhytisma asteris, 864

Septoria atropurpurea

ASTRAGALUS CANADENSIS

Erysipbe polygoni, 857

ASTRAGALUS

Ramularia desmodii, 886

ATRIPLEX PATULA

Cercospora dubia, 891

AVENA SATIVA

Puccinia coronata, 904

Puccinia graminis, 905

Ustilago avenae, 896

Ustilago levis, 896

BARBAREA

Ramularia barbareae, 886

BERBERIS VULGARIS

Gloeosporium berberidis, 880

Puccinia graminis, 905

BETA VULGARIS

Cercospora betaecola, 891

BETULA ALBA

Gloeosporium betularum, 880

Phyllactinia corylea, 858.

Septoria betulae, 870

BETULA NIGRA

Gloeosporium betularum, 880

BETULA PUMILA

Cylindrosporium betulae, 882

Melampsoridium betulinum, 913

Microsphaera alni, 856

Septoria betulae, 870

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

927

BIDENS ARISTOSA

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Sphaerotheca humuli fuliginea, 855

BIDENS CERNUA

Cercospora megalopotamica, 895

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Protomyces andinus, 854

BIDENS CONNATA

Cercospora umbrata, 895

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Protomyces andinus, 854

Sphaerotheca humuli fuliginea, 855

BIDENS FRONDOSA

Phyllosticta decidua, 867

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Protomyces andinus, 854

Puccinia obtecta, 905

Septocylindrium concomitans, 885

Septoria bidentis, 877

Sphaerotheca humuli fuliginea, 855

BIDENS VULGATA

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

BLUE BOTTLE FLY

Empusa americana, 848

BOEHMERIA CYLINDRICA

Cercospora boehmeriae, 891

BOLETUS

Hypomyces chrysospermus, 860

Sepedonium chryscspermuin, 884

BOLTONIA ASTEROIDES

Septoria erigerontis boltoniae, 877

BOUTELOUA CURTIPENDULA

Puccinia vexans, 904

BRASSICA ALBA

Albugo Candida, 849

BRASSICA ARVENSIS

Peronospora parasitica, 852

928 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts } and Letters ,

BRASSICA NIGRA

Albugo Candida, 849

Peronospora parasitica, 852 '

BRIZA MAXIMA

Puccinia graminis, 905

BROMUS CILIATUS

Puccinia tomipara, 904

Sclerotium rhizodes, 917

Septoria brevispora, 869

BROMUS SECALINUS

Septoria bromi, 869

CACALIA ATRIPLICIFOLIA

Septoria cacaliae, 878

CACALIA RENIFORMIS

Aecidium compositarum, 916

CADDIS FLIES

Empusa rhizophora, 849

CAKILE EDENTULA

Albugo Candida, 849

CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS

Balansia hypoxylon, 861

Claviceps, 860

Cylindrosporium calamagrostidis, 882

Bilophospora alopecuri, 878

Epichloe typnina, 861

Mastigosporium album calvum, 885

Puccinia pygmaea, 903

Puccinia coronata, 904

Sclerotium rhizodes, 917

Septoria bromi, 869

Septoria everhartii, 870

Ustilago calamagrostidis, 896

CALAMAGROSTIS NEGLECTA

Sclerotium rhizodes, 917

CALLA PALUSTRIS

Cercospora callae, 890

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

929

CALOPTENUS

Empusa grylli, 849

CALTHA PALUSTRIS

Erysiphe polygoni, *857

Fabraea rousseauana, 863

Puccinia calthae, 907

Puccinia Zopfii, 907

CAMPANULA AMERICANA

Coleosporium campanulae, 915

Septoria campanulae, 876

CAMPANULA APARINOIDES

Septoria campanulae, 876

CANNABIS SATIVA

Septoria cannabina, 871

CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS

Albugo Candida, 849

Cylindrosporium capsellae, 883

CARDAMINE DOUGLASSII

Albugo Candida, 849

Peronospora parasitica, 852

Septoria dentariae, 872

CAREX ARCTATA

Cercospora caricina, 890

CAREX CEPHALOIDEA

Cercospora caricina, 890

Septoria caricinella, 870

CAREX GRACILLIMA

Cercospora caricina, 890

Puccinia albiperidia, 906

Uromyces minutus, 901

Uromyces uniporulus, 901

CAREX INTUMESCENS

Phyllosticta caricis, 865

Uromyces perigynius, 901

CAREX LANUGINOSA

Cintraetia subinclusa, 897

930 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters,

CAREX LONGIROSTRIS

Puccinia phrymae, 906

CAREX LUPULINA

Cintractia subinclusa, 897

CAREX PENNSYLVANIA

Phyllosticta caricis, 865

Septoria riparia, 870

Schizonella melanogramma, 897

CAREX ROSEA

Cercospora caricina, 890

CAREX ROSTRATA

Ustilago olivacea, 897

CAREX ROSTRATA UTRICULATA

Cintractia subinclusa, 897

CAREX TRICHOCARPA

Phleospora caricis, 878

Puccinia bolleyana, 906

Puccinia peckii, 906

CAREX TRISPERMA

Phyllosticta caricis, 865

CAREX

Cintractia caricis, 897

Cryptomela caricis, 883

Puccinia caricis-asteris, 906

Puccinia caricis-erigerontis, 906

Puccinia caricis-solidaginis, 906

Ramularia canadensis, 885

Septoria caricinella, 870

CARPINUS CAROLINIANA

Gloeosporium robergei, 880

Gnomoniella fimbriata, 859

Microsphaera alni, 856

Phyllactinia corylea, 858

CARYA OVATA

Gloeosporium caryae, 879

Microstrcma juglandis, 884

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

931

CARYA

Phyllactinia corylea, 858

CASTALIA ODORATA

Entyloma nymphaeae, 808

CASTALIA TUBEROSA

Cercospora nymphaeae, 891

Entyloma nymphaeae, 898

CASTILLEJA SESSILIFLORA

Aecidium sp. indet., 916

CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES

Cercospora caulophylli, 891

CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS

Microsphaera alni, 856

CEANOTHUS OVATUS

Cercospora ceanothi, 893

Puccinia ceanothi, 903

CELASTRUS SCANDEMS

Phyllactinia corylea, 859

Ramularia cclastri, 887

CENCHRUS CAROLINIANUS

Sorosporhim syntherismae, 897

CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS

Cercospora cephalanthi, 894

Puccinia seymouriana, 904

Septoria cephalanthi, 876

Microsphaera alni, 856

CERASTIUM NUTANS

Isariopsis albo-rosella, 89b

Peronospora alsinearum, 852

CERASTIUM VISCOSUM

Isariopsis albo-rosella, 895

Septoria cerastii, 871

CERASTIUM VULGATUM

Isariopsis albo-rosella, 895

932 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters

CHAMAEDAPHNE CALYCULATA

Ascochyta cassandrae, 869

Exobasidum vaccinii, 917

Melampsoropsis cassandrae, 918

Venturia puichella, 859

CHELONE GLABRA

Erysiphe galeopsidis, 857

Septoria wilsoni, 875

CHENOPODIUM ALBUM

Cercospora dubia, 891

Peronospora eftusa, 851

Phyllosticta atriplicis, 865

CHENOPODIUM HYBRIDUM

Peronospora effusa, 251

CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA

Pucciniastrum pyrolae, 914

CHIOGENES HISPIDULA

Melampsoropsis' cbiogenis, 914

CHIRONOMUS

Empusa culicis, 849

CHRYSANTHEMUM LEUCANTHEMUM

Septoria chrysanthemi, 878

CICUTA BULBIFERA

Uromyces scirpi, 900

CICUTA MACULATA

Cylindrosporium cicutae, 888

Septoria umbelliferarum, 874

Uromyces scirpi, 900

CINNA ARUNDINACEA

Puccinia graminis, 905

perminuta, 903

CIRCAEA ALPINA

Puccinia circaeae, 908

CIRCAEA LUTETIANA

Puccinia circaeae, 908

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi,

933

CIRSrUM ALTISSIMUM

Puccinia cirsii, 911

CIRSIUM ARVENSE

Albugo tragopogonis, 850

Puccinia obtegens, 911

Septoria cirsii, 878

CIRSIUM DISCOLOR

Erysiphe eichoracearum, 858

Puccinia cirsii, 911

CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM

Puccinia cirsii-laneeolati, 911

Septoria cirsii, 878

CIRSIUM MUTICUM

Albugo tragopogonis, 850

Septoria commonsii, 878

CITRULLUS VULGARIS

Septoria cucurbitacearum, 878

CLEMATIS VIRGINIANA

Ascochyta clematidina, '868

Cercospora squalidula, 891

Cylindrosporium clematidis, 888

Erysiphe polygoni, 857

Puccinia tomipara, 904

CLINTONIA BOREALIS

Puccinia mesomegala, 907

COMANDRA. RICHARDSIANA

Puccinia pustulata, 903

COMANDRA UMBELLATA

Cronartium comandrae, 915

Puccinia pustulata, 903

CONVOLVULUS SEPIUM

Puccinia convolvuli, 909

Septoria convolvuli, 874

COPRINUS ATRAMENTARIUS

i Panaeolus epimyces, 917

934 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts , and Letters.

COPRINUS COMATUS

Panaeolus epimyces, 917

COPTIS TRIFOLIA

Septoria coptidis, 871

CORNUS ALTERNIFOLIA

Microsphaera alni, 856

Ramularia stolonifera, 887

Septoria cornicola, 874

CORNUS AMOMUM

Ascochyta cornicola, 869

Septoria cornicola, 874

CORNUS CANADENSIS

Glomerularia corni, 884

Puccinia porphyrogenita, 909

CORNUS PANICULATA

Septoria cornicola, 874

CORNUS STOLONIFERA

Phyllactinia corylea, 859

Ramularia stolonifera, 887

Sarcinella heterospora, 895

CORYLUS AMERICANA

Cryptosporella anomala, 859

Gloeosporium coryli, 880

Gnomoniella coryli, 859

Microsphaera alni, 856

Phyllactinia corylea, 858

CORYLUS ROSTRATA

Gloeosporium coryli, 880

Gnomoniella coryli, 859

Microsphaera alni, 856

Sarcinella heterospora, 895

Septoria corylina, 870

CRATAEGUS MACRANTHA SUCCULENTA

Gymnosporangium globosum, 912

CRATAEGUS OXYACANTHA

Podosphaera oxyacanthae, 854

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

935

CRATAEGUS

Entomosporium thmmenii, 879

Gymnosporangium globosum, 912

Monilia crataegi, 884

Phleospora crataegi, 878

Phyllactinia corylea, 858

Podosphaera oxyacanthae, 854

Septoria crataegi, 872

CRYPTOTAENIA CANADENSIS

Septoria cryptotaeniae, 874

CUCUMIS MELO

Septoria cucurbitacearum, 876

CUCURBITA MAXIMA

Septoria cucurbitacearum, 876

CYDONIA VULGARIS

j Gymnosporangium clavipes, 911

CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE

Phyllosticta decidua, 867

CYPERUS FILICULMIS

Puccinia cyperi, 905

CYPERUS SCHWEINITZII

Pliyllachora cyperi, 861

Puccinia cyperi, 905

CYPERUS STRIGOSUS

Puccinia cyperi, 905

CYPRIPEDIUM ACAULE

Cercospora cypripedii, 891

CYPRIPEDIUM PARVIFLORUM

Cercospora cypripedii, 891

Puccinia cypripedii, 907

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS

Hyalopsora polypodii, 914

DACTYLIS GLOMERATA

Puccinia coronata, 904

Puccinia graminis, 905

936 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

DAHLIA

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

DECODON VERTICILLATUS

Aecidium nesaeae, 916

DENTARIA LAC INI AT A

Peronospora parasitica. 852

Septoria dentariae, 872

DESMODIUM CANADENSE

Microphaera diffusa, 857

DESMODIUM CANESCENS

Microsphaera diffusa, 857

Phyllosticta desmcdii, 866

DESMODIUM DILLENII

Uromyces hedysari-paniculati, 901

DESMODIUM GRANDIFLORUM

Cercospora desmodii, 892

Parodiella perisporioides, 859

DESMODIUM PANICULATUM

Microsphaera diffusa, 857

DESMODIUM

Ramularia desmodii, 886

DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS

Uromyces caryophyllinus, 901

DICENTRA CUCULLARIA

Aecidium dicentrae, 916

Peronospora corydalis, 852

DIERVILLA LONICERA

Phyllosticta diervillae, 867

Septoria diervillicola, 876

DIGITARIA SANGUINALE

Ustilago rabenhorstiana, 896

Piricularia grisea, 888

DIOSCOREA VILLOSA

Cercospora dioscoreae, 890

Ramularia dioscoreae, 885

Davis— A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

DIRCA PALUSTRIS

Aecidium liydnoideum, 916

DODECATHEON MEADIA

Phyllosticta dodecathei, 867

DRABA CAROLINIANA

Peronospora parasitica, 852

DRACOCEPHALUM PARVIFLORUM

Peronospora hedeomae, 853

Septoria dracocephali, 875

DULICHIUM ARUNDINACEUM

Puccinia dulichii, 905

ECHINOCYSTIS LOBATA

Septoria sicyi, 876

ELAPHOMYCES

Cordyceps capitata, 861

ELEOCHARIS PALUSTRIS

Puccinia eleocharidis, 905

Womyces eleocharidis, 900

ELEOCHARIS

Claviceps nigricans, 861

ELYMUS CANADENSIS

Claviceps, 861

Puccinia graminis, 905

Urocystis agropyri, 898

Ustilago stria eformis, 896

ELYMUS STRIATUS

Claviceps, 861

Puccinia graminis, 905

- — — - impatientis, 904

ELYMUS VIRGINICUS

Piricularia parasitica, 888

Puccinia impatientis, 904

Urocystis agropyri, 898

ELYMUS

Epichloe typhina, 861

EPIGAEA REPENS

Cercospora epigaeina, 893

Micrcsphaera alni vaccinii, 856

938 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters .

EPILOBIUM ADENOCAULON

Pucciniastrum pustulatum, 914

EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM

Pestalozzia Kriegeriana, 883

Pucciniastrum pustulatum, 914

Ramularia punctiformis, 887

EPILOBIUM COLORATUM

Pucciniastrum pustulatum, 914

Ramularia punctiformis, 887

Septoria epilobii, 873

Sphaerotheca humuli, 855

ERAGROSTIS HYPNOIDES

Ustilago spermophora, 896

ERAGROSTIS MEGASTACHYA

Ustilago spermophora, 896

ERECHTITES HIERACIFOLIA

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Sphaerotheca humuli fuliginea, 855

ERIGERON ANNUUS

Cercosporella cana, 889

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Septoria erigerontis, 877

ERIGERON CANADENSIS

Cercosporella cana, 889

ERIGERON PHILADELPHICUS

Entyloma compositarum, 899

Septoria erigerontis, 877

ERIGERON RAMOSUS

Cercosporella cana, 889

Septoria erigerontis, 877

ERIGERON

Puccinia caricis-erigerontis, 906

ERYNGIUM YUCCIFOLIUM

Cylindrosporium eryngii, 883

ERYSIPHEAE

Ampelomyces quisqualis, 868

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

939

EUCHLAENA LUXURIANS

Ustilago zeae, 896

EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM

Cercospora perfoliata, 894

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

Phyllosticta decidua, 867

Puccinia eleocharidis, 905

EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM

Cercospora perfoliata, 894

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

Puccinia eleocharidis, 905

EUPATORIUM URTICAEFOLIUM

Entyloma compositarum, 899

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

Hypocrella, 861

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Puccinia tenuis, 910

EUPHORBIA COMMUTATA

Aecidium euphorbiae, 916

EUPHORBIA COROLLATA

Microsphaera euphorbiae, 857

Passalora fasciculata, 889

Puccinia panici, 903

EUPHORBIA MACULATA

Peronospora euphorbiae, 852

Uromyces euphorbiae, 902

EUPHORBIA POLY GONIFOLI A

Uromyces euphorbiae, 902

EUPHORBIA PRESLII

Uromyces euphorbiae, 902

FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA

Gloeosporium fagi americanum, 880

Microsphaera alni, 856

Phyllactinia corylea, 858

Phyllosticta fagicola, 865

FESTUCA ELATIOR

Puccinia phlei-pratensis, 903

940 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters.

FLIES-C ADDIS

Erapusa rhizophora, 849

FLIES-HOUSE

Empusa muscae, 849

FLIES

Saprolegnia thuretii, 849

FLOERKEA PROSERPINACOIDES

Entyloma floerkeae, 899

Peronospora floerkeae, 853

FLY-BLUE BOTTLE

Empusa americana, 848

FRAGARIA VESCA

Ramularia tulasnei, 886

Sphaerella fragariae, 859

FRAGARIA VIRGINIANA

Ramularia modesta 886,

Ramularia tulasnei, 886

Sphaerella fragariae, 859

FRAXINUS AMERICANA

Dicoccum nebulosum, 889

Gloeosporium aridum, 881

Puccinia peridermiospora, 904

Septoria besseyi, 874

FRAXINUS NIGRA

Marssonina fraxini, 882

Piggotia fraxini, 879

Puccinia peridermiospora, 904

FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA

Phyllactinia corylea, 859

FRAXINUS

Piggotia fraxini, 879

GALEOPSIS TETRAHIT

Septoria galeopsidis, 875

GALIUM APARINE

Cercospora galii, 894

Peronospora calotheca, 853

Puccinia punctata, 910

Davis— A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi. 941

GALIUM ASPRELLUM

Puccinia punctata, 910

GALIUM BOREALE

Peronospora calotheca, 853

Puccinia rubefaciens, 910

GALIUM GIRCAEZANS

Septoria psilostega, 875

GALIUM CONCINNUM

Puccinia punctata, 910

GALIUM LANCEOLATUM

Peronospora calotheca, 853

GALIUM TINCTORIUM

Cercospora galii, 894

Pseudopeziza repanda, 863

Puccinia punctata, 910

Septoria psilostega, 875

GALIUM TRIPLORUM

Peronospora calotheca, 853

Puccinia punctata, viO

GAULTHERIA PROCUMBENT

Asterina gaultheriae, 862

GAYLUSSACIA BACCATA

Exobasidium vaccinii, 917

Microsphaera alni vaccinii, 856

GENTIANA ANDREWS 1 1

Leptothyrium gent ianaecd urn, 879

Puccinia gentianae, 909

GERANIUM MACULATUM

Cercospora geranii, 892

Erysiphe polygon!, 857

Pestallozziella subsessilis, 881

Plasmopara geranii, 850

Puccinia polygoni-amphibii, 907

GERARDIA GRANDIPLORA

Cercospora gerardiae, 894

Sphaerotheca humuli fuliginea, 855

942 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts, and Letters.

GEUM CANADENSE

Peroncspora potentillae, 852

Phyllosticta decidua, 867

Sphaerotheca humuli, 855

Synchytrium aureum, 848

GEUM MACROPHYLLUM

Peroncspora potentillae, 852

Septoria gei, 872

Sphaerotheca humuli, 855

GEUM RIVALE

Peronospora potentillae, 852

GEUM STRICTUM

Peronospora potentillae, 852

GEUM VIRGINIANUM

Sphaerotheca humuli, 855

Synchytrium aureum, 848

GLYCERIA GRANDIS

Puccinia graminis, 905

Ustilago Iongissima, 896

GLYCERIA NERVATA

Claviceps, 860

Cylindrosporium glyceriae, 882

Sclerotium rhizodes, 917

GLYCERIA SEPTENTRIONALIS

Claviceps, 860

Fusarium heterosporum, 895

Sclerotium globuliferum, 917

Uromyces amphidymus, 900

Ustilago Iongissima macrospora, 896

GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM

Cercospora gnaphaliacea, 894

GRAMINEAE

Ei;ysiphe graminis, 857

Phyllachora graminis, 861

Scolecotrichum graminis, 889

GRATIOLA VIRGINIANA

Septoria gratiolae, 875

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi .

943

GYRINUS

Laboulbenia gyrinidarum, 864

HALENIA DEFLEXA

Puccinia haleniae, 909

HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA

Gonatobotryum maculicolum, 885

Phyllactinia corylea, 858

Phyllosticta hamamelidis, 866

Podosphaera biuncinata, 854

Ramularia hamamelidis, 886

HEDEOMA PULEGIOIDES

Puccinia menthae, 909

HELENIUM AUTUMNALE

Entyloma compositarum, 899

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

Septoria hr-enii, 878

HELIANTHUS ANNUUS

Albugo tragopogonis, 850

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Septoria helianthi, 877

HELIANTHUS DIVARICATUS

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

HELIANTHUS GROSSE-SERRATUS

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Septoria helianthi, 877

HELIANTHUS HIRSUTUS

Septoria helianthi, 877

HELIANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS

Cercospora helianthi, 894

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

HELIANTHUS STRUMOSUS

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Septoria helianthi, 877

HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS

Plasmopara halstedii, 851

Septoria helianthi, 877

1)44 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters

HELIANTHUS

Montagnella heliopsidis, 862

Puccinia helianthi, 910

Septoria helianthi, 877

HELIOPSIS SCABRA

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

HEPATICA ACUTILOBA

Plasmopara pygmaea, 850

Protomyces fuscus, 854

Puccinia prnni-spinosae, 908

HEPATICA TRILOBA

Protomyces fuscus, 854

HERACLEUM LANATUM

Ramularia heraciei, 887

HEUCHERA AMERICANA

Puccinia curtipes, 908

HEUCHERA HISPIDA

Puccinia curtipes, 908

HEUCHERA

Cercospora heucherae, 892

HIERACIUM CANADENSE

Puccinia hieracii, 911

HIERACIUM SCABRUM

Puccinia hieracii, 911

patrv.elis, 906

HORDEUM JUBATUM

Puccinia gram inis, 905

Puccinia rubigo-vera, 905

Sclerotium rhizodes, 917

Septoria passerinii, 870

HORDEUM DISTICHON

Helminthosporium sativum 890

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi .

945

HORDEUM VULGARE

Helminthosporium gramineum, 890

- - sativum, 890

- — teres, 889

Puccinia graminis, 905

Puccinia simplex, 905

Ustilago hordei, 897

nuda, 897

HOUSE FLIES

Empusa muscae, 849

HUMULUS LUPULUS

Cylindrosporium humuli, 882

Plasmopara humuli, 850

HYDROPHYLLUM virginianum

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

Peronospora hydrophylli, 853

Puccinia hydrophylli, 909

HYPERICUM ASCYRON

Uromyces hyperici-frondosi, 902

HYPERICUM BOREALE

Uromyces hyperici-frondosi, 902

HYPERICUM PUNCTATUM

Septoria sphaerelloides, 873

Uromyces hyperici-frondosi, 902

HYPERICUM VIRGINICUM

Uromyces hyperici-frondosi, 902

HYSTRIX PATULA

Epichloe typhina, 861

Piricularia parasitica, 888

Puccinia apocryta, 904

ILEX VERTICILLATA

Ramularia prini, 887

Rhytisma ilicis-canadensis, 863

Microsphaera alni, 856

946 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences Arts , and Letters.

IMPATIENS BIFLORA

Plasmopara obducens, 850

Puccinia argentata, 908

Puccinia impatientis, 904

Ramularia impatientis, 887

Septoria nolitangeris, 873

IMPATIENS PALLIDA

Plasmopara obducens, 850

Puccinia impatientis, 904

Ramularia impatientis, 887

* INULA HELENIUM

Erysiphe cichoracearum, 858

IPOMOEA PURPUREA

Septoria convolvuli, 874

IRIS VERSICOLOR

Aecidium iridis, 915

Asteroma venulosum, 868

Phyllostieta Iridis, 865

Puccinia iridis, 907

ISOPYRUM BITERNATUM

Cercospora merrowae, 891

IV A XANTHIFOLIA

Albugo tragopogonis, 850

JUGLANS CINEREA

Marssonina juglandis, 881

Microstroma juglandis, 884

JUGLANS NIGRA

Marssonina juglandis, 881

JUNCUS EFFUSUS

Uromyces junci-effusae, 901

JUNCUS NODOSUS

Claviceps junci, 861

JUNCUS TENUIS

Cintractia junci, 897

Phyllachora junci, 862

Uromyces junci-tenuis, 901

JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS DEPRESSA

Gymnosporangium clavariaeforme, 912

- - clavipes, 911

- davisii, 911

Davis — A Provisional List of Parasitic Fungi.

947

JUNXPERUS VIRGINIANA

Cercospora sequoiae juniperi, 890

Gymnosporangium globosum, 912

- — juniperi-virginianae, 912

- juvenescens, 912

KALMIA POLIFOLIA

Microsphaera alni vaecinii, 856

KQELERIA CRISTATA

Claviceps, 860

Epichloe typhina, 861

KRIGIA AMPLEXICAULIS

Aecidium compositarum, 916

KUHNIA EUPATORIOIDES

Puccinia kubniae, 910

LACHNOSTERNA

Cordyceps herculea, 861

LACTARIUS TORMINOSUS

Hypomyces torminosus, 860

LACTARIUS ZONARIXJS

Hypomyces lateritius, 860

LACTARIUS

Hypomyces lateritius, 860

LACTUCA CANADENSIS

Bremia lactucae, 850

Phyilosticta decidua, 867

Puccinia patruelis, 906

Septoria lactucicola, 878

LACTUCA PULCHELLA